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/wiki/Álex_González_(shortstop,_born_1977)#P54#7
|
Which team did Álex González (shortstop, born 1977) play for in May 2013?
|
Álex González ( shortstop , born 1977 ) Alexander Luis González ( born February 15 , 1977 ) is a former professional baseball shortstop . González played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Florida Marlins ( 1998–2005 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 2006 , 2009 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 2007–2009 ) , Toronto Blue Jays ( 2010 ) , Atlanta Braves ( 2010–2011 ) , Milwaukee Brewers ( 2012–2013 ) and Detroit Tigers ( 2014 ) . He was given the nickname Sea-bass while playing in Florida . He bats and throws right-handed . Playing career . Florida Marlins . In 1999 , while with the Florida Marlins , González made the Major League Baseball All-Star Game . In 2001 , he led all Major League shortstops with 26 errors . González played an important role in the 2003 World Series against the Yankees . After going 1-for-13 in the first three games of the World Series , he hit a walk-off home run in the 12th inning of Game 4 to give the Marlins a 4–3 victory and a 2–2 tie in the Series . The extra innings happened because Floridas closer Ugueth Urbina blew a 3–1 lead in the ninth . In Game 5 , González hit a two-out game-tying double and later scored , helping the Marlins take a 3-2 series lead . González added an extra run in the sixth and final game , when he slid around catcher Jorge Posada , eluding him and brushing the plate with his left hand . Florida beat the odds with a 2–0 victory and won the World Series . One of his most productive seasons came in 2004 , when he posted career highs in at bats ( 561 ) and games played ( 159 ) , tied a career high in home runs ( 23 ) , yet also had a career high in strikeouts ( 126 ) . Boston Red Sox . Before the 2006 season , the Boston Red Sox signed González as a free agent to a one-year contract worth $3 million , plugging a hole in the starting lineup after the trade of shortstop Édgar Rentería to the Atlanta Braves . He reunited with former Marlins teammates Josh Beckett and Mike Lowell who were traded from Florida to Boston earlier . Gonzálezs signing with the Sox marked the second time he had replaced Rentería as the shortstop ; Renteria had just left the Marlins for the St . Louis Cardinals before González joined the team in 1998 . Cincinnati Reds . On November 18 , 2006 , he signed a three-year , $14 million contract with the Cincinnati Reds . In 2008 , an MRI showed that Gonzalez still had a fracture in his left knee . He was named Player of the Week for the week of April 29 , 2007 . When González was hurt in February , it looked like hed be back in the middle of April . Gonzalez had surgery on the knee in July , however , and ultimately missed the entire 2008 season . Boston Red Sox ( second stint ) . On August 14 , 2009 , González cleared waivers with the Cincinnati Reds and was traded back to the Boston Red Sox with $1.1 million for Single A shortstop Kristopher Negron . From August 15 through the end of the regular season , González appeared in 44 games for Boston , batting .284 with 5 home runs and 15 RBIs . Toronto Blue Jays . On November 26 , 2009 , González signed a one-year deal with the Toronto Blue Jays , with a club option for a second year . Atlanta Braves . On July 14 , 2010 , González was traded along with prospects Tim Collins and Tyler Pastornicky to the Atlanta Braves for shortstop Yunel Escobar and Jo-Jo Reyes . Milwaukee Brewers . On December 8 , 2011 , González was signed in free agency by the Milwaukee Brewers . He signed a one-year deal with a vesting option for 2013 if he has at least 525 plate appearances in 2012 . He will make $4.25 million in 2012 , and would make $4 million in 2013 . On May 5 , 2012 , Gonzalez was placed on the 15-day disabled list after suffering a right knee injury earlier in the day in a game at the San Francisco Giants . He was then placed on the disabled list after revealing that he had a torn ACL , and remained there for the rest of the season . During the offseason Gonzalez played in the Venezuelan Winter League for the Leones del Caracas . González filed for free agency after the World Series , but ultimately re-signed with the Brewers on a one-year , $1.5 million deal . He was released on June 3 , 2013 . Baltimore Orioles . On January 31 , 2014 , González signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles . He never appeared in a game with the Orioles . Detroit Tigers . On March 24 , 2014 , González was traded to the Detroit Tigers in exchange for Steve Lombardozzi , Jr. , who never played in Tigers uniform . In his Tigers debut Opening Day against the Kansas City Royals , Gonzalez hit an RBI-triple to tie the game in the seventh inning , and later hit a walkoff single in the ninth to give the Tigers a 4–3 victory . He was released on April 20 , 2014 .
|
[
"Leones del Caracas"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alexander Luis González ( born February 15 , 1977 ) is a former professional baseball shortstop . González played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Florida Marlins ( 1998–2005 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 2006 , 2009 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 2007–2009 ) , Toronto Blue Jays ( 2010 ) , Atlanta Braves ( 2010–2011 ) , Milwaukee Brewers ( 2012–2013 ) and Detroit Tigers ( 2014 ) . He was given the nickname Sea-bass while playing in Florida . He bats and throws right-handed .",
"title": "Álex González ( shortstop , born 1977 )"
},
{
"text": " In 1999 , while with the Florida Marlins , González made the Major League Baseball All-Star Game . In 2001 , he led all Major League shortstops with 26 errors .",
"title": "Florida Marlins"
},
{
"text": "González played an important role in the 2003 World Series against the Yankees . After going 1-for-13 in the first three games of the World Series , he hit a walk-off home run in the 12th inning of Game 4 to give the Marlins a 4–3 victory and a 2–2 tie in the Series . The extra innings happened because Floridas closer Ugueth Urbina blew a 3–1 lead in the ninth . In Game 5 , González hit a two-out game-tying double and later scored , helping the Marlins take a 3-2 series lead . González added an extra run",
"title": "Florida Marlins"
},
{
"text": "in the sixth and final game , when he slid around catcher Jorge Posada , eluding him and brushing the plate with his left hand . Florida beat the odds with a 2–0 victory and won the World Series .",
"title": "Florida Marlins"
},
{
"text": " One of his most productive seasons came in 2004 , when he posted career highs in at bats ( 561 ) and games played ( 159 ) , tied a career high in home runs ( 23 ) , yet also had a career high in strikeouts ( 126 ) .",
"title": "Florida Marlins"
},
{
"text": " Before the 2006 season , the Boston Red Sox signed González as a free agent to a one-year contract worth $3 million , plugging a hole in the starting lineup after the trade of shortstop Édgar Rentería to the Atlanta Braves . He reunited with former Marlins teammates Josh Beckett and Mike Lowell who were traded from Florida to Boston earlier . Gonzálezs signing with the Sox marked the second time he had replaced Rentería as the shortstop ; Renteria had just left the Marlins for the St . Louis Cardinals before González joined the team in 1998 .",
"title": "Boston Red Sox"
},
{
"text": " On November 18 , 2006 , he signed a three-year , $14 million contract with the Cincinnati Reds . In 2008 , an MRI showed that Gonzalez still had a fracture in his left knee . He was named Player of the Week for the week of April 29 , 2007 . When González was hurt in February , it looked like hed be back in the middle of April . Gonzalez had surgery on the knee in July , however , and ultimately missed the entire 2008 season . Boston Red Sox ( second stint ) .",
"title": "Cincinnati Reds"
},
{
"text": "On August 14 , 2009 , González cleared waivers with the Cincinnati Reds and was traded back to the Boston Red Sox with $1.1 million for Single A shortstop Kristopher Negron . From August 15 through the end of the regular season , González appeared in 44 games for Boston , batting .284 with 5 home runs and 15 RBIs .",
"title": "Cincinnati Reds"
},
{
"text": " On November 26 , 2009 , González signed a one-year deal with the Toronto Blue Jays , with a club option for a second year .",
"title": "Toronto Blue Jays"
},
{
"text": " On July 14 , 2010 , González was traded along with prospects Tim Collins and Tyler Pastornicky to the Atlanta Braves for shortstop Yunel Escobar and Jo-Jo Reyes .",
"title": "Atlanta Braves"
},
{
"text": "On December 8 , 2011 , González was signed in free agency by the Milwaukee Brewers . He signed a one-year deal with a vesting option for 2013 if he has at least 525 plate appearances in 2012 . He will make $4.25 million in 2012 , and would make $4 million in 2013 . On May 5 , 2012 , Gonzalez was placed on the 15-day disabled list after suffering a right knee injury earlier in the day in a game at the San Francisco Giants . He was then placed on the disabled list after revealing that he",
"title": "Milwaukee Brewers"
},
{
"text": "had a torn ACL , and remained there for the rest of the season . During the offseason Gonzalez played in the Venezuelan Winter League for the Leones del Caracas . González filed for free agency after the World Series , but ultimately re-signed with the Brewers on a one-year , $1.5 million deal . He was released on June 3 , 2013 .",
"title": "Milwaukee Brewers"
},
{
"text": " On January 31 , 2014 , González signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles . He never appeared in a game with the Orioles .",
"title": "Baltimore Orioles"
},
{
"text": " On March 24 , 2014 , González was traded to the Detroit Tigers in exchange for Steve Lombardozzi , Jr. , who never played in Tigers uniform . In his Tigers debut Opening Day against the Kansas City Royals , Gonzalez hit an RBI-triple to tie the game in the seventh inning , and later hit a walkoff single in the ninth to give the Tigers a 4–3 victory . He was released on April 20 , 2014 .",
"title": "Detroit Tigers"
}
] |
/wiki/Georg_Nöldeke#P108#0
|
Which employer did Georg Nöldeke work for before Oct 1998?
|
Georg Nöldeke Georg Nöldeke ( born November 19 , 1964 ) is an economist and currently serves as Professor of Economics at the University of Basel . His research interests focuses on microeconomic theory , game theory , and social evolution . In 2007 , Georg Nöldekes contributions to economics of information - in particular on the communication within financial markets - as well as to game theory and contract theory were awarded the Gossen Prize by the German Economic Association . Biography . After having spent his undergraduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the University of California , Berkeley , Georg Nöldeke earned a diploma in economics from the University of Bonn in 1988 . In 1992 , after graduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the London School of Economics , he further earned a Ph.D . from the former while simultaneously working there as a teaching and research assistant ( 1989–92 ) . Following his studies , he became an assistant professor of economics at Princeton University ( 1992–94 ) before returning to Bonn in 1994 , where he took up the position of an associate professor . Three years later , Nöldeke moved to the University of Basel , where he was made professor of economics ( 1997–99 ) and directed the universitys graduate studies in economics , before taking up the same position at the University of Bonn two years later ( 1999-2006 ) . During his tenure at Bonn , he also served as co-director of graduate studies , chairman of the Department of Economics , and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Economics . Finally , having returned to Switzerland , he has been a Professor of Economics at the University of Basel since 2006 . However , Nöldeke has also held in parallel many visiting appointments , e.g . at Yale University , Yale-NUS College , University of Toulouse , University of Zurich , University of Munich , and Tel Aviv University . At the University of Basel , Georg Nöldeke is the founder of the Bernoulli Network for the Behavioral Sciences . He also is affiliated with the German Economic Association , wherein he currently serves as member of the Executive Council and chairs the Standing Field Committee in Economic Theory ( 2015–18 ) . Moreover , he is a research fellow at CESifo and has been a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) . Furthermore , since 2015 , he has also been serving on the Council of the Game Theory Society ( 2015–21 ) . Finally , Nöldeke currently performs editorial duties for the Journal of the European Economic Association , Games and Theoretical Economics , and has worked in the past in editorial positions for academic journals such as Econometrica , European Economic Review , Review of Economic Studies , and International Economic Review . Georg Nöldeke is married and has two children . Research . Georg Nöldekes research focuses on microeconomic theory in general and game and contract theory in particular . Key contributions of his research include : - In Harts and Moores model of the hold-up problem simple option contracts giving the seller the right to make the delivery decision and specify payments depending on whether the delivery taking place is sufficient to make renegotiation superfluous ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) . - Contingent ownership ( as found in e.g . joint ventures ) wherein one party owns the firm initially but the other party has the option to buy the firm at a set price at a later date yields first-best investments in a hold-up problem model with sequential investments and a joint surplus ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) . - The limiting distribution of a dynamic evolutionary process driven by stochastic learning and rate mutations in a class of extensive-form games with perfect information always includes the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome but also includes other outcomes unless stringent conditions are met ( with Larry Samuelson ) . - As the frequency of firms wage offers in a dynamic labour market increases , any equilibrium that satisfies the Kohlberg-Mertens criterion of an independent never weak best response results ( in expectation ) in the unique stable outcome of the static Spence model of labour market signalling , wherein workers completely reveal their productivity ( with Eric van Damme ) . External links . - Website of Georg Nöldeke
|
[
"University of Basel"
] |
[
{
"text": " Georg Nöldeke ( born November 19 , 1964 ) is an economist and currently serves as Professor of Economics at the University of Basel . His research interests focuses on microeconomic theory , game theory , and social evolution . In 2007 , Georg Nöldekes contributions to economics of information - in particular on the communication within financial markets - as well as to game theory and contract theory were awarded the Gossen Prize by the German Economic Association .",
"title": "Georg Nöldeke"
},
{
"text": "After having spent his undergraduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the University of California , Berkeley , Georg Nöldeke earned a diploma in economics from the University of Bonn in 1988 . In 1992 , after graduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the London School of Economics , he further earned a Ph.D . from the former while simultaneously working there as a teaching and research assistant ( 1989–92 ) . Following his studies , he became an assistant professor of economics at Princeton University ( 1992–94 ) before returning to Bonn in 1994",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ", where he took up the position of an associate professor . Three years later , Nöldeke moved to the University of Basel , where he was made professor of economics ( 1997–99 ) and directed the universitys graduate studies in economics , before taking up the same position at the University of Bonn two years later ( 1999-2006 ) . During his tenure at Bonn , he also served as co-director of graduate studies , chairman of the Department of Economics , and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Economics . Finally , having returned to Switzerland ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "he has been a Professor of Economics at the University of Basel since 2006 . However , Nöldeke has also held in parallel many visiting appointments , e.g . at Yale University , Yale-NUS College , University of Toulouse , University of Zurich , University of Munich , and Tel Aviv University .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the University of Basel , Georg Nöldeke is the founder of the Bernoulli Network for the Behavioral Sciences . He also is affiliated with the German Economic Association , wherein he currently serves as member of the Executive Council and chairs the Standing Field Committee in Economic Theory ( 2015–18 ) . Moreover , he is a research fellow at CESifo and has been a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) . Furthermore , since 2015 , he has also been serving on the Council of the Game Theory Society ( 2015–21 )",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ". Finally , Nöldeke currently performs editorial duties for the Journal of the European Economic Association , Games and Theoretical Economics , and has worked in the past in editorial positions for academic journals such as Econometrica , European Economic Review , Review of Economic Studies , and International Economic Review .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Georg Nöldekes research focuses on microeconomic theory in general and game and contract theory in particular . Key contributions of his research include : - In Harts and Moores model of the hold-up problem simple option contracts giving the seller the right to make the delivery decision and specify payments depending on whether the delivery taking place is sufficient to make renegotiation superfluous ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- Contingent ownership ( as found in e.g . joint ventures ) wherein one party owns the firm initially but the other party has the option to buy the firm at a set price at a later date yields first-best investments in a hold-up problem model with sequential investments and a joint surplus ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - The limiting distribution of a dynamic evolutionary process driven by stochastic learning and rate mutations in a class of extensive-form games with perfect information always includes the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome but also includes other outcomes unless stringent conditions are met ( with Larry Samuelson ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- As the frequency of firms wage offers in a dynamic labour market increases , any equilibrium that satisfies the Kohlberg-Mertens criterion of an independent never weak best response results ( in expectation ) in the unique stable outcome of the static Spence model of labour market signalling , wherein workers completely reveal their productivity ( with Eric van Damme ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - Website of Georg Nöldeke",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Georg_Nöldeke#P108#1
|
Which employer did Georg Nöldeke work for between Sep 1999 and May 2003?
|
Georg Nöldeke Georg Nöldeke ( born November 19 , 1964 ) is an economist and currently serves as Professor of Economics at the University of Basel . His research interests focuses on microeconomic theory , game theory , and social evolution . In 2007 , Georg Nöldekes contributions to economics of information - in particular on the communication within financial markets - as well as to game theory and contract theory were awarded the Gossen Prize by the German Economic Association . Biography . After having spent his undergraduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the University of California , Berkeley , Georg Nöldeke earned a diploma in economics from the University of Bonn in 1988 . In 1992 , after graduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the London School of Economics , he further earned a Ph.D . from the former while simultaneously working there as a teaching and research assistant ( 1989–92 ) . Following his studies , he became an assistant professor of economics at Princeton University ( 1992–94 ) before returning to Bonn in 1994 , where he took up the position of an associate professor . Three years later , Nöldeke moved to the University of Basel , where he was made professor of economics ( 1997–99 ) and directed the universitys graduate studies in economics , before taking up the same position at the University of Bonn two years later ( 1999-2006 ) . During his tenure at Bonn , he also served as co-director of graduate studies , chairman of the Department of Economics , and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Economics . Finally , having returned to Switzerland , he has been a Professor of Economics at the University of Basel since 2006 . However , Nöldeke has also held in parallel many visiting appointments , e.g . at Yale University , Yale-NUS College , University of Toulouse , University of Zurich , University of Munich , and Tel Aviv University . At the University of Basel , Georg Nöldeke is the founder of the Bernoulli Network for the Behavioral Sciences . He also is affiliated with the German Economic Association , wherein he currently serves as member of the Executive Council and chairs the Standing Field Committee in Economic Theory ( 2015–18 ) . Moreover , he is a research fellow at CESifo and has been a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) . Furthermore , since 2015 , he has also been serving on the Council of the Game Theory Society ( 2015–21 ) . Finally , Nöldeke currently performs editorial duties for the Journal of the European Economic Association , Games and Theoretical Economics , and has worked in the past in editorial positions for academic journals such as Econometrica , European Economic Review , Review of Economic Studies , and International Economic Review . Georg Nöldeke is married and has two children . Research . Georg Nöldekes research focuses on microeconomic theory in general and game and contract theory in particular . Key contributions of his research include : - In Harts and Moores model of the hold-up problem simple option contracts giving the seller the right to make the delivery decision and specify payments depending on whether the delivery taking place is sufficient to make renegotiation superfluous ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) . - Contingent ownership ( as found in e.g . joint ventures ) wherein one party owns the firm initially but the other party has the option to buy the firm at a set price at a later date yields first-best investments in a hold-up problem model with sequential investments and a joint surplus ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) . - The limiting distribution of a dynamic evolutionary process driven by stochastic learning and rate mutations in a class of extensive-form games with perfect information always includes the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome but also includes other outcomes unless stringent conditions are met ( with Larry Samuelson ) . - As the frequency of firms wage offers in a dynamic labour market increases , any equilibrium that satisfies the Kohlberg-Mertens criterion of an independent never weak best response results ( in expectation ) in the unique stable outcome of the static Spence model of labour market signalling , wherein workers completely reveal their productivity ( with Eric van Damme ) . External links . - Website of Georg Nöldeke
|
[
"University of Bonn"
] |
[
{
"text": " Georg Nöldeke ( born November 19 , 1964 ) is an economist and currently serves as Professor of Economics at the University of Basel . His research interests focuses on microeconomic theory , game theory , and social evolution . In 2007 , Georg Nöldekes contributions to economics of information - in particular on the communication within financial markets - as well as to game theory and contract theory were awarded the Gossen Prize by the German Economic Association .",
"title": "Georg Nöldeke"
},
{
"text": "After having spent his undergraduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the University of California , Berkeley , Georg Nöldeke earned a diploma in economics from the University of Bonn in 1988 . In 1992 , after graduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the London School of Economics , he further earned a Ph.D . from the former while simultaneously working there as a teaching and research assistant ( 1989–92 ) . Following his studies , he became an assistant professor of economics at Princeton University ( 1992–94 ) before returning to Bonn in 1994",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ", where he took up the position of an associate professor . Three years later , Nöldeke moved to the University of Basel , where he was made professor of economics ( 1997–99 ) and directed the universitys graduate studies in economics , before taking up the same position at the University of Bonn two years later ( 1999-2006 ) . During his tenure at Bonn , he also served as co-director of graduate studies , chairman of the Department of Economics , and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Economics . Finally , having returned to Switzerland ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "he has been a Professor of Economics at the University of Basel since 2006 . However , Nöldeke has also held in parallel many visiting appointments , e.g . at Yale University , Yale-NUS College , University of Toulouse , University of Zurich , University of Munich , and Tel Aviv University .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the University of Basel , Georg Nöldeke is the founder of the Bernoulli Network for the Behavioral Sciences . He also is affiliated with the German Economic Association , wherein he currently serves as member of the Executive Council and chairs the Standing Field Committee in Economic Theory ( 2015–18 ) . Moreover , he is a research fellow at CESifo and has been a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) . Furthermore , since 2015 , he has also been serving on the Council of the Game Theory Society ( 2015–21 )",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ". Finally , Nöldeke currently performs editorial duties for the Journal of the European Economic Association , Games and Theoretical Economics , and has worked in the past in editorial positions for academic journals such as Econometrica , European Economic Review , Review of Economic Studies , and International Economic Review .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Georg Nöldekes research focuses on microeconomic theory in general and game and contract theory in particular . Key contributions of his research include : - In Harts and Moores model of the hold-up problem simple option contracts giving the seller the right to make the delivery decision and specify payments depending on whether the delivery taking place is sufficient to make renegotiation superfluous ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- Contingent ownership ( as found in e.g . joint ventures ) wherein one party owns the firm initially but the other party has the option to buy the firm at a set price at a later date yields first-best investments in a hold-up problem model with sequential investments and a joint surplus ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - The limiting distribution of a dynamic evolutionary process driven by stochastic learning and rate mutations in a class of extensive-form games with perfect information always includes the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome but also includes other outcomes unless stringent conditions are met ( with Larry Samuelson ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- As the frequency of firms wage offers in a dynamic labour market increases , any equilibrium that satisfies the Kohlberg-Mertens criterion of an independent never weak best response results ( in expectation ) in the unique stable outcome of the static Spence model of labour market signalling , wherein workers completely reveal their productivity ( with Eric van Damme ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - Website of Georg Nöldeke",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Georg_Nöldeke#P108#2
|
Which employer did Georg Nöldeke work for between Jul 2006 and Oct 2006?
|
Georg Nöldeke Georg Nöldeke ( born November 19 , 1964 ) is an economist and currently serves as Professor of Economics at the University of Basel . His research interests focuses on microeconomic theory , game theory , and social evolution . In 2007 , Georg Nöldekes contributions to economics of information - in particular on the communication within financial markets - as well as to game theory and contract theory were awarded the Gossen Prize by the German Economic Association . Biography . After having spent his undergraduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the University of California , Berkeley , Georg Nöldeke earned a diploma in economics from the University of Bonn in 1988 . In 1992 , after graduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the London School of Economics , he further earned a Ph.D . from the former while simultaneously working there as a teaching and research assistant ( 1989–92 ) . Following his studies , he became an assistant professor of economics at Princeton University ( 1992–94 ) before returning to Bonn in 1994 , where he took up the position of an associate professor . Three years later , Nöldeke moved to the University of Basel , where he was made professor of economics ( 1997–99 ) and directed the universitys graduate studies in economics , before taking up the same position at the University of Bonn two years later ( 1999-2006 ) . During his tenure at Bonn , he also served as co-director of graduate studies , chairman of the Department of Economics , and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Economics . Finally , having returned to Switzerland , he has been a Professor of Economics at the University of Basel since 2006 . However , Nöldeke has also held in parallel many visiting appointments , e.g . at Yale University , Yale-NUS College , University of Toulouse , University of Zurich , University of Munich , and Tel Aviv University . At the University of Basel , Georg Nöldeke is the founder of the Bernoulli Network for the Behavioral Sciences . He also is affiliated with the German Economic Association , wherein he currently serves as member of the Executive Council and chairs the Standing Field Committee in Economic Theory ( 2015–18 ) . Moreover , he is a research fellow at CESifo and has been a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) . Furthermore , since 2015 , he has also been serving on the Council of the Game Theory Society ( 2015–21 ) . Finally , Nöldeke currently performs editorial duties for the Journal of the European Economic Association , Games and Theoretical Economics , and has worked in the past in editorial positions for academic journals such as Econometrica , European Economic Review , Review of Economic Studies , and International Economic Review . Georg Nöldeke is married and has two children . Research . Georg Nöldekes research focuses on microeconomic theory in general and game and contract theory in particular . Key contributions of his research include : - In Harts and Moores model of the hold-up problem simple option contracts giving the seller the right to make the delivery decision and specify payments depending on whether the delivery taking place is sufficient to make renegotiation superfluous ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) . - Contingent ownership ( as found in e.g . joint ventures ) wherein one party owns the firm initially but the other party has the option to buy the firm at a set price at a later date yields first-best investments in a hold-up problem model with sequential investments and a joint surplus ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) . - The limiting distribution of a dynamic evolutionary process driven by stochastic learning and rate mutations in a class of extensive-form games with perfect information always includes the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome but also includes other outcomes unless stringent conditions are met ( with Larry Samuelson ) . - As the frequency of firms wage offers in a dynamic labour market increases , any equilibrium that satisfies the Kohlberg-Mertens criterion of an independent never weak best response results ( in expectation ) in the unique stable outcome of the static Spence model of labour market signalling , wherein workers completely reveal their productivity ( with Eric van Damme ) . External links . - Website of Georg Nöldeke
|
[
"University of Basel"
] |
[
{
"text": " Georg Nöldeke ( born November 19 , 1964 ) is an economist and currently serves as Professor of Economics at the University of Basel . His research interests focuses on microeconomic theory , game theory , and social evolution . In 2007 , Georg Nöldekes contributions to economics of information - in particular on the communication within financial markets - as well as to game theory and contract theory were awarded the Gossen Prize by the German Economic Association .",
"title": "Georg Nöldeke"
},
{
"text": "After having spent his undergraduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the University of California , Berkeley , Georg Nöldeke earned a diploma in economics from the University of Bonn in 1988 . In 1992 , after graduate studies at the University of Bonn and at the London School of Economics , he further earned a Ph.D . from the former while simultaneously working there as a teaching and research assistant ( 1989–92 ) . Following his studies , he became an assistant professor of economics at Princeton University ( 1992–94 ) before returning to Bonn in 1994",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ", where he took up the position of an associate professor . Three years later , Nöldeke moved to the University of Basel , where he was made professor of economics ( 1997–99 ) and directed the universitys graduate studies in economics , before taking up the same position at the University of Bonn two years later ( 1999-2006 ) . During his tenure at Bonn , he also served as co-director of graduate studies , chairman of the Department of Economics , and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Economics . Finally , having returned to Switzerland ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "he has been a Professor of Economics at the University of Basel since 2006 . However , Nöldeke has also held in parallel many visiting appointments , e.g . at Yale University , Yale-NUS College , University of Toulouse , University of Zurich , University of Munich , and Tel Aviv University .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the University of Basel , Georg Nöldeke is the founder of the Bernoulli Network for the Behavioral Sciences . He also is affiliated with the German Economic Association , wherein he currently serves as member of the Executive Council and chairs the Standing Field Committee in Economic Theory ( 2015–18 ) . Moreover , he is a research fellow at CESifo and has been a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) . Furthermore , since 2015 , he has also been serving on the Council of the Game Theory Society ( 2015–21 )",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ". Finally , Nöldeke currently performs editorial duties for the Journal of the European Economic Association , Games and Theoretical Economics , and has worked in the past in editorial positions for academic journals such as Econometrica , European Economic Review , Review of Economic Studies , and International Economic Review .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Georg Nöldekes research focuses on microeconomic theory in general and game and contract theory in particular . Key contributions of his research include : - In Harts and Moores model of the hold-up problem simple option contracts giving the seller the right to make the delivery decision and specify payments depending on whether the delivery taking place is sufficient to make renegotiation superfluous ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- Contingent ownership ( as found in e.g . joint ventures ) wherein one party owns the firm initially but the other party has the option to buy the firm at a set price at a later date yields first-best investments in a hold-up problem model with sequential investments and a joint surplus ( with Klaus M . Schmidt ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - The limiting distribution of a dynamic evolutionary process driven by stochastic learning and rate mutations in a class of extensive-form games with perfect information always includes the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome but also includes other outcomes unless stringent conditions are met ( with Larry Samuelson ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- As the frequency of firms wage offers in a dynamic labour market increases , any equilibrium that satisfies the Kohlberg-Mertens criterion of an independent never weak best response results ( in expectation ) in the unique stable outcome of the static Spence model of labour market signalling , wherein workers completely reveal their productivity ( with Eric van Damme ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - Website of Georg Nöldeke",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Stephanie_Kelton#P69#0
|
Which school did Stephanie Kelton go to before Oct 1994?
|
Stephanie Kelton Stephanie Kelton ( née Bell ; born October 10 , 1969 ) is an American economist and academic . She is a professor at Stony Brook University and a Senior Fellow at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research . She was formerly a professor at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She also served as an advisor to Bernie Sanderss 2016 presidential campaign . She is founder and editor-in-chief of the blog New Economic Perspectives . She was named one of Politicos 50 thinkers , doers and visionaries transforming American politics in 2016 . In fall 2019 , she joined the board of Matriarch PAC . Education . Kelton studied business finance and economics at California State University , Sacramento , earning a B.S . and a B.A . in 1995 . She received a Rotary scholarship to study economics at the University of Cambridge , receiving her Masters degree in 1997 . On a fellowship from Christs College , Cambridge , Kelton then spent a year at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College . She obtained a Ph.D . in economics from The New School for Social Research in 2001 with her dissertation , Public Policy and Government Finance : A Comparative Analysis Under Different Monetary Systems . Employment . Kelton is a professor of public policy and economics at Stony Brook University and was formerly the chair of the economics department at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She was a research scholar at the UMKC Center for Full Employment and Price Stability and the Levy Economics Institute in upstate New York . Kelton is editor-in-chief of the New Economic Perspectives blog . On December 26 , 2014 , Kelton was designated Chief Economist for the Democratic Minority Staff of the Senate Budget Committee , a post she held in 2015 and early 2016 , when she left that position to become an economic advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign . On May 25 , 2017 , Stony Brook University announced that Kelton would join the university This fall as a professor in the forthcoming Center for the Study of Inequality and Social Justice . She joined Stony Brook at the same time as her husband Paul , who was appointed the first Robert David Lion Gardiner Chair in American history , at the College of Arts and Sciences . In 2019 , Kelton was invited to be the Geoff Harcourt Visiting Professor at the University of Adelaide . Research . Keltons primary research interests include monetary theory , employment policy , history of economic monetary thought , social security , public finance , fiscal policy , financial accounting , international finance , and European monetary integration . She has been a notable proponent of and researcher in Modern Monetary Theory , publishing several papers and editing books in the field , and a supporter of the proposal for a Job Guarantee . In the media . Kelton publishes formally as well as in the popular press and appears on mass media . She has been a frequent guest on television and radio , including MSNBCs Up with Chris Hayes and NPRs On Point . Kelton has had opinion pieces published in The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times . How We Think About the Deficit Is Mostly Wrong appeared in The New York Times . Kelton wrote the article Congress can give every American a pony ( if it breeds enough ponies ) , which appeared in The Los Angeles Times . The Deficit Myth . Keltons The Deficit Myth appeared on The New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction in June 2020 . In the Wall Street Journal , Stanford economist John H . Cochrane gave the book a negative review , saying that her implications don’t lead to her desired conclusions [ ... ] her logic , facts and language turn into pretzels . Cochrane asserted that Keltons analysis of inflation was biased , and that the book cited no articles in major peer-reviewed journals , monographs with explicit models and evidence , or any of the other trappings of economic discourse . New York University economist Alberto Bisin also panned the book , writing , it’s not that the public-spending agenda proposed in the book wouldn’t be worthwhile , or that monetization is never a useful tool of monetary policy.. . These are all issues currently studied and debated in ( mainstream ) academic and policy circles . But MMT , as exposed in the book , appears to be a very poor attempt at supporting this political agenda , with no coherent theoretical support . Former ECB Chief Economist Otmar Issing gave the book a negative review in an article criticizing MMT . Marxian economist Hans G . Despain gave the book a positive review . Selected works . - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , Can Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending? , Levy Economics Institute , July 1998 - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , The role of the state and the hierarchy of money , Cambridge Journal of Economics , Vol . 25 , 2001 , pp . 149–163 - Kelton , Stephanie , Edward J . Nell , editors . The State , the Market , and the Euro : Metallism versus Chartalism in the Theory of Money ; Edward Elgar ; Reprint edition : May 2003 ; - Kelton , Stephanie , The Deficit Myth , June 2020 ;
|
[
"California State University , Sacramento"
] |
[
{
"text": " Stephanie Kelton ( née Bell ; born October 10 , 1969 ) is an American economist and academic . She is a professor at Stony Brook University and a Senior Fellow at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research . She was formerly a professor at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She also served as an advisor to Bernie Sanderss 2016 presidential campaign .",
"title": "Stephanie Kelton"
},
{
"text": "She is founder and editor-in-chief of the blog New Economic Perspectives . She was named one of Politicos 50 thinkers , doers and visionaries transforming American politics in 2016 . In fall 2019 , she joined the board of Matriarch PAC .",
"title": "Stephanie Kelton"
},
{
"text": "Kelton studied business finance and economics at California State University , Sacramento , earning a B.S . and a B.A . in 1995 . She received a Rotary scholarship to study economics at the University of Cambridge , receiving her Masters degree in 1997 . On a fellowship from Christs College , Cambridge , Kelton then spent a year at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College . She obtained a Ph.D . in economics from The New School for Social Research in 2001 with her dissertation , Public Policy and Government Finance : A Comparative Analysis Under Different Monetary",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Systems .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Kelton is a professor of public policy and economics at Stony Brook University and was formerly the chair of the economics department at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She was a research scholar at the UMKC Center for Full Employment and Price Stability and the Levy Economics Institute in upstate New York . Kelton is editor-in-chief of the New Economic Perspectives blog .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": "On December 26 , 2014 , Kelton was designated Chief Economist for the Democratic Minority Staff of the Senate Budget Committee , a post she held in 2015 and early 2016 , when she left that position to become an economic advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": " On May 25 , 2017 , Stony Brook University announced that Kelton would join the university This fall as a professor in the forthcoming Center for the Study of Inequality and Social Justice . She joined Stony Brook at the same time as her husband Paul , who was appointed the first Robert David Lion Gardiner Chair in American history , at the College of Arts and Sciences . In 2019 , Kelton was invited to be the Geoff Harcourt Visiting Professor at the University of Adelaide .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": " Keltons primary research interests include monetary theory , employment policy , history of economic monetary thought , social security , public finance , fiscal policy , financial accounting , international finance , and European monetary integration . She has been a notable proponent of and researcher in Modern Monetary Theory , publishing several papers and editing books in the field , and a supporter of the proposal for a Job Guarantee .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " Kelton publishes formally as well as in the popular press and appears on mass media . She has been a frequent guest on television and radio , including MSNBCs Up with Chris Hayes and NPRs On Point . Kelton has had opinion pieces published in The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times . How We Think About the Deficit Is Mostly Wrong appeared in The New York Times . Kelton wrote the article Congress can give every American a pony ( if it breeds enough ponies ) , which appeared in The Los Angeles Times .",
"title": "In the media"
},
{
"text": "Keltons The Deficit Myth appeared on The New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction in June 2020 . In the Wall Street Journal , Stanford economist John H . Cochrane gave the book a negative review , saying that her implications don’t lead to her desired conclusions [ ... ] her logic , facts and language turn into pretzels . Cochrane asserted that Keltons analysis of inflation was biased , and that the book cited no articles in major peer-reviewed journals , monographs with explicit models and evidence , or any of the other trappings of economic discourse . New",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": "York University economist Alberto Bisin also panned the book , writing , it’s not that the public-spending agenda proposed in the book wouldn’t be worthwhile , or that monetization is never a useful tool of monetary policy.. . These are all issues currently studied and debated in ( mainstream ) academic and policy circles . But MMT , as exposed in the book , appears to be a very poor attempt at supporting this political agenda , with no coherent theoretical support .",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": " Former ECB Chief Economist Otmar Issing gave the book a negative review in an article criticizing MMT . Marxian economist Hans G . Despain gave the book a positive review .",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": " - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , Can Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending? , Levy Economics Institute , July 1998 - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , The role of the state and the hierarchy of money , Cambridge Journal of Economics , Vol . 25 , 2001 , pp . 149–163 - Kelton , Stephanie , Edward J . Nell , editors . The State , the Market , and the Euro : Metallism versus Chartalism in the Theory of Money ; Edward Elgar ; Reprint edition : May 2003 ;",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Kelton , Stephanie , The Deficit Myth , June 2020 ;",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Stephanie_Kelton#P69#1
|
Which school did Stephanie Kelton go to between Dec 1995 and Dec 1996?
|
Stephanie Kelton Stephanie Kelton ( née Bell ; born October 10 , 1969 ) is an American economist and academic . She is a professor at Stony Brook University and a Senior Fellow at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research . She was formerly a professor at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She also served as an advisor to Bernie Sanderss 2016 presidential campaign . She is founder and editor-in-chief of the blog New Economic Perspectives . She was named one of Politicos 50 thinkers , doers and visionaries transforming American politics in 2016 . In fall 2019 , she joined the board of Matriarch PAC . Education . Kelton studied business finance and economics at California State University , Sacramento , earning a B.S . and a B.A . in 1995 . She received a Rotary scholarship to study economics at the University of Cambridge , receiving her Masters degree in 1997 . On a fellowship from Christs College , Cambridge , Kelton then spent a year at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College . She obtained a Ph.D . in economics from The New School for Social Research in 2001 with her dissertation , Public Policy and Government Finance : A Comparative Analysis Under Different Monetary Systems . Employment . Kelton is a professor of public policy and economics at Stony Brook University and was formerly the chair of the economics department at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She was a research scholar at the UMKC Center for Full Employment and Price Stability and the Levy Economics Institute in upstate New York . Kelton is editor-in-chief of the New Economic Perspectives blog . On December 26 , 2014 , Kelton was designated Chief Economist for the Democratic Minority Staff of the Senate Budget Committee , a post she held in 2015 and early 2016 , when she left that position to become an economic advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign . On May 25 , 2017 , Stony Brook University announced that Kelton would join the university This fall as a professor in the forthcoming Center for the Study of Inequality and Social Justice . She joined Stony Brook at the same time as her husband Paul , who was appointed the first Robert David Lion Gardiner Chair in American history , at the College of Arts and Sciences . In 2019 , Kelton was invited to be the Geoff Harcourt Visiting Professor at the University of Adelaide . Research . Keltons primary research interests include monetary theory , employment policy , history of economic monetary thought , social security , public finance , fiscal policy , financial accounting , international finance , and European monetary integration . She has been a notable proponent of and researcher in Modern Monetary Theory , publishing several papers and editing books in the field , and a supporter of the proposal for a Job Guarantee . In the media . Kelton publishes formally as well as in the popular press and appears on mass media . She has been a frequent guest on television and radio , including MSNBCs Up with Chris Hayes and NPRs On Point . Kelton has had opinion pieces published in The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times . How We Think About the Deficit Is Mostly Wrong appeared in The New York Times . Kelton wrote the article Congress can give every American a pony ( if it breeds enough ponies ) , which appeared in The Los Angeles Times . The Deficit Myth . Keltons The Deficit Myth appeared on The New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction in June 2020 . In the Wall Street Journal , Stanford economist John H . Cochrane gave the book a negative review , saying that her implications don’t lead to her desired conclusions [ ... ] her logic , facts and language turn into pretzels . Cochrane asserted that Keltons analysis of inflation was biased , and that the book cited no articles in major peer-reviewed journals , monographs with explicit models and evidence , or any of the other trappings of economic discourse . New York University economist Alberto Bisin also panned the book , writing , it’s not that the public-spending agenda proposed in the book wouldn’t be worthwhile , or that monetization is never a useful tool of monetary policy.. . These are all issues currently studied and debated in ( mainstream ) academic and policy circles . But MMT , as exposed in the book , appears to be a very poor attempt at supporting this political agenda , with no coherent theoretical support . Former ECB Chief Economist Otmar Issing gave the book a negative review in an article criticizing MMT . Marxian economist Hans G . Despain gave the book a positive review . Selected works . - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , Can Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending? , Levy Economics Institute , July 1998 - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , The role of the state and the hierarchy of money , Cambridge Journal of Economics , Vol . 25 , 2001 , pp . 149–163 - Kelton , Stephanie , Edward J . Nell , editors . The State , the Market , and the Euro : Metallism versus Chartalism in the Theory of Money ; Edward Elgar ; Reprint edition : May 2003 ; - Kelton , Stephanie , The Deficit Myth , June 2020 ;
|
[
"University of Cambridge"
] |
[
{
"text": " Stephanie Kelton ( née Bell ; born October 10 , 1969 ) is an American economist and academic . She is a professor at Stony Brook University and a Senior Fellow at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research . She was formerly a professor at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She also served as an advisor to Bernie Sanderss 2016 presidential campaign .",
"title": "Stephanie Kelton"
},
{
"text": "She is founder and editor-in-chief of the blog New Economic Perspectives . She was named one of Politicos 50 thinkers , doers and visionaries transforming American politics in 2016 . In fall 2019 , she joined the board of Matriarch PAC .",
"title": "Stephanie Kelton"
},
{
"text": "Kelton studied business finance and economics at California State University , Sacramento , earning a B.S . and a B.A . in 1995 . She received a Rotary scholarship to study economics at the University of Cambridge , receiving her Masters degree in 1997 . On a fellowship from Christs College , Cambridge , Kelton then spent a year at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College . She obtained a Ph.D . in economics from The New School for Social Research in 2001 with her dissertation , Public Policy and Government Finance : A Comparative Analysis Under Different Monetary",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Systems .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Kelton is a professor of public policy and economics at Stony Brook University and was formerly the chair of the economics department at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She was a research scholar at the UMKC Center for Full Employment and Price Stability and the Levy Economics Institute in upstate New York . Kelton is editor-in-chief of the New Economic Perspectives blog .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": "On December 26 , 2014 , Kelton was designated Chief Economist for the Democratic Minority Staff of the Senate Budget Committee , a post she held in 2015 and early 2016 , when she left that position to become an economic advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": " On May 25 , 2017 , Stony Brook University announced that Kelton would join the university This fall as a professor in the forthcoming Center for the Study of Inequality and Social Justice . She joined Stony Brook at the same time as her husband Paul , who was appointed the first Robert David Lion Gardiner Chair in American history , at the College of Arts and Sciences . In 2019 , Kelton was invited to be the Geoff Harcourt Visiting Professor at the University of Adelaide .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": " Keltons primary research interests include monetary theory , employment policy , history of economic monetary thought , social security , public finance , fiscal policy , financial accounting , international finance , and European monetary integration . She has been a notable proponent of and researcher in Modern Monetary Theory , publishing several papers and editing books in the field , and a supporter of the proposal for a Job Guarantee .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " Kelton publishes formally as well as in the popular press and appears on mass media . She has been a frequent guest on television and radio , including MSNBCs Up with Chris Hayes and NPRs On Point . Kelton has had opinion pieces published in The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times . How We Think About the Deficit Is Mostly Wrong appeared in The New York Times . Kelton wrote the article Congress can give every American a pony ( if it breeds enough ponies ) , which appeared in The Los Angeles Times .",
"title": "In the media"
},
{
"text": "Keltons The Deficit Myth appeared on The New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction in June 2020 . In the Wall Street Journal , Stanford economist John H . Cochrane gave the book a negative review , saying that her implications don’t lead to her desired conclusions [ ... ] her logic , facts and language turn into pretzels . Cochrane asserted that Keltons analysis of inflation was biased , and that the book cited no articles in major peer-reviewed journals , monographs with explicit models and evidence , or any of the other trappings of economic discourse . New",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": "York University economist Alberto Bisin also panned the book , writing , it’s not that the public-spending agenda proposed in the book wouldn’t be worthwhile , or that monetization is never a useful tool of monetary policy.. . These are all issues currently studied and debated in ( mainstream ) academic and policy circles . But MMT , as exposed in the book , appears to be a very poor attempt at supporting this political agenda , with no coherent theoretical support .",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": " Former ECB Chief Economist Otmar Issing gave the book a negative review in an article criticizing MMT . Marxian economist Hans G . Despain gave the book a positive review .",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": " - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , Can Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending? , Levy Economics Institute , July 1998 - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , The role of the state and the hierarchy of money , Cambridge Journal of Economics , Vol . 25 , 2001 , pp . 149–163 - Kelton , Stephanie , Edward J . Nell , editors . The State , the Market , and the Euro : Metallism versus Chartalism in the Theory of Money ; Edward Elgar ; Reprint edition : May 2003 ;",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Kelton , Stephanie , The Deficit Myth , June 2020 ;",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Stephanie_Kelton#P69#2
|
Which school did Stephanie Kelton go to in late 1990s?
|
Stephanie Kelton Stephanie Kelton ( née Bell ; born October 10 , 1969 ) is an American economist and academic . She is a professor at Stony Brook University and a Senior Fellow at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research . She was formerly a professor at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She also served as an advisor to Bernie Sanderss 2016 presidential campaign . She is founder and editor-in-chief of the blog New Economic Perspectives . She was named one of Politicos 50 thinkers , doers and visionaries transforming American politics in 2016 . In fall 2019 , she joined the board of Matriarch PAC . Education . Kelton studied business finance and economics at California State University , Sacramento , earning a B.S . and a B.A . in 1995 . She received a Rotary scholarship to study economics at the University of Cambridge , receiving her Masters degree in 1997 . On a fellowship from Christs College , Cambridge , Kelton then spent a year at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College . She obtained a Ph.D . in economics from The New School for Social Research in 2001 with her dissertation , Public Policy and Government Finance : A Comparative Analysis Under Different Monetary Systems . Employment . Kelton is a professor of public policy and economics at Stony Brook University and was formerly the chair of the economics department at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She was a research scholar at the UMKC Center for Full Employment and Price Stability and the Levy Economics Institute in upstate New York . Kelton is editor-in-chief of the New Economic Perspectives blog . On December 26 , 2014 , Kelton was designated Chief Economist for the Democratic Minority Staff of the Senate Budget Committee , a post she held in 2015 and early 2016 , when she left that position to become an economic advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign . On May 25 , 2017 , Stony Brook University announced that Kelton would join the university This fall as a professor in the forthcoming Center for the Study of Inequality and Social Justice . She joined Stony Brook at the same time as her husband Paul , who was appointed the first Robert David Lion Gardiner Chair in American history , at the College of Arts and Sciences . In 2019 , Kelton was invited to be the Geoff Harcourt Visiting Professor at the University of Adelaide . Research . Keltons primary research interests include monetary theory , employment policy , history of economic monetary thought , social security , public finance , fiscal policy , financial accounting , international finance , and European monetary integration . She has been a notable proponent of and researcher in Modern Monetary Theory , publishing several papers and editing books in the field , and a supporter of the proposal for a Job Guarantee . In the media . Kelton publishes formally as well as in the popular press and appears on mass media . She has been a frequent guest on television and radio , including MSNBCs Up with Chris Hayes and NPRs On Point . Kelton has had opinion pieces published in The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times . How We Think About the Deficit Is Mostly Wrong appeared in The New York Times . Kelton wrote the article Congress can give every American a pony ( if it breeds enough ponies ) , which appeared in The Los Angeles Times . The Deficit Myth . Keltons The Deficit Myth appeared on The New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction in June 2020 . In the Wall Street Journal , Stanford economist John H . Cochrane gave the book a negative review , saying that her implications don’t lead to her desired conclusions [ ... ] her logic , facts and language turn into pretzels . Cochrane asserted that Keltons analysis of inflation was biased , and that the book cited no articles in major peer-reviewed journals , monographs with explicit models and evidence , or any of the other trappings of economic discourse . New York University economist Alberto Bisin also panned the book , writing , it’s not that the public-spending agenda proposed in the book wouldn’t be worthwhile , or that monetization is never a useful tool of monetary policy.. . These are all issues currently studied and debated in ( mainstream ) academic and policy circles . But MMT , as exposed in the book , appears to be a very poor attempt at supporting this political agenda , with no coherent theoretical support . Former ECB Chief Economist Otmar Issing gave the book a negative review in an article criticizing MMT . Marxian economist Hans G . Despain gave the book a positive review . Selected works . - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , Can Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending? , Levy Economics Institute , July 1998 - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , The role of the state and the hierarchy of money , Cambridge Journal of Economics , Vol . 25 , 2001 , pp . 149–163 - Kelton , Stephanie , Edward J . Nell , editors . The State , the Market , and the Euro : Metallism versus Chartalism in the Theory of Money ; Edward Elgar ; Reprint edition : May 2003 ; - Kelton , Stephanie , The Deficit Myth , June 2020 ;
|
[
"The New School for Social Research"
] |
[
{
"text": " Stephanie Kelton ( née Bell ; born October 10 , 1969 ) is an American economist and academic . She is a professor at Stony Brook University and a Senior Fellow at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research . She was formerly a professor at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She also served as an advisor to Bernie Sanderss 2016 presidential campaign .",
"title": "Stephanie Kelton"
},
{
"text": "She is founder and editor-in-chief of the blog New Economic Perspectives . She was named one of Politicos 50 thinkers , doers and visionaries transforming American politics in 2016 . In fall 2019 , she joined the board of Matriarch PAC .",
"title": "Stephanie Kelton"
},
{
"text": "Kelton studied business finance and economics at California State University , Sacramento , earning a B.S . and a B.A . in 1995 . She received a Rotary scholarship to study economics at the University of Cambridge , receiving her Masters degree in 1997 . On a fellowship from Christs College , Cambridge , Kelton then spent a year at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College . She obtained a Ph.D . in economics from The New School for Social Research in 2001 with her dissertation , Public Policy and Government Finance : A Comparative Analysis Under Different Monetary",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Systems .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Kelton is a professor of public policy and economics at Stony Brook University and was formerly the chair of the economics department at the University of Missouri–Kansas City . She was a research scholar at the UMKC Center for Full Employment and Price Stability and the Levy Economics Institute in upstate New York . Kelton is editor-in-chief of the New Economic Perspectives blog .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": "On December 26 , 2014 , Kelton was designated Chief Economist for the Democratic Minority Staff of the Senate Budget Committee , a post she held in 2015 and early 2016 , when she left that position to become an economic advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": " On May 25 , 2017 , Stony Brook University announced that Kelton would join the university This fall as a professor in the forthcoming Center for the Study of Inequality and Social Justice . She joined Stony Brook at the same time as her husband Paul , who was appointed the first Robert David Lion Gardiner Chair in American history , at the College of Arts and Sciences . In 2019 , Kelton was invited to be the Geoff Harcourt Visiting Professor at the University of Adelaide .",
"title": "Employment"
},
{
"text": " Keltons primary research interests include monetary theory , employment policy , history of economic monetary thought , social security , public finance , fiscal policy , financial accounting , international finance , and European monetary integration . She has been a notable proponent of and researcher in Modern Monetary Theory , publishing several papers and editing books in the field , and a supporter of the proposal for a Job Guarantee .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " Kelton publishes formally as well as in the popular press and appears on mass media . She has been a frequent guest on television and radio , including MSNBCs Up with Chris Hayes and NPRs On Point . Kelton has had opinion pieces published in The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times . How We Think About the Deficit Is Mostly Wrong appeared in The New York Times . Kelton wrote the article Congress can give every American a pony ( if it breeds enough ponies ) , which appeared in The Los Angeles Times .",
"title": "In the media"
},
{
"text": "Keltons The Deficit Myth appeared on The New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction in June 2020 . In the Wall Street Journal , Stanford economist John H . Cochrane gave the book a negative review , saying that her implications don’t lead to her desired conclusions [ ... ] her logic , facts and language turn into pretzels . Cochrane asserted that Keltons analysis of inflation was biased , and that the book cited no articles in major peer-reviewed journals , monographs with explicit models and evidence , or any of the other trappings of economic discourse . New",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": "York University economist Alberto Bisin also panned the book , writing , it’s not that the public-spending agenda proposed in the book wouldn’t be worthwhile , or that monetization is never a useful tool of monetary policy.. . These are all issues currently studied and debated in ( mainstream ) academic and policy circles . But MMT , as exposed in the book , appears to be a very poor attempt at supporting this political agenda , with no coherent theoretical support .",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": " Former ECB Chief Economist Otmar Issing gave the book a negative review in an article criticizing MMT . Marxian economist Hans G . Despain gave the book a positive review .",
"title": "The Deficit Myth"
},
{
"text": " - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , Can Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending? , Levy Economics Institute , July 1998 - Bell ( Kelton ) , Stephanie , The role of the state and the hierarchy of money , Cambridge Journal of Economics , Vol . 25 , 2001 , pp . 149–163 - Kelton , Stephanie , Edward J . Nell , editors . The State , the Market , and the Euro : Metallism versus Chartalism in the Theory of Money ; Edward Elgar ; Reprint edition : May 2003 ;",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Kelton , Stephanie , The Deficit Myth , June 2020 ;",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Franchot_Tone#P26#0
|
Who was Franchot Tone 's spouse between Dec 1938 and 1939?
|
Franchot Tone Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series , including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s . Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education . Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was of French Basque descent . Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York . Career . 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) . He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour . Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s , had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs . These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) . Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios . 1933–1939 : The MGM years . Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s . Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 . MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary . Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone . Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) . After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) . At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton . Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon . Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role . RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) . In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences . After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination . Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin . Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder . He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin . Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus . He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months . At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin . Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day . 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark . Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior . 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) . Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 . During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre , Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month . He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television . In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington . On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) . In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland . He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner . Personal life . In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage . Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer . In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde . In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice . In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 . Death . Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare . On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block . External links . - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone
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[
"Joan Crawford"
] |
[
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": ", including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "of French Basque descent .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ", Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Franchot_Tone#P26#1
|
Who was Franchot Tone 's spouse in May 1947?
|
Franchot Tone Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series , including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s . Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education . Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was of French Basque descent . Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York . Career . 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) . He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour . Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s , had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs . These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) . Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios . 1933–1939 : The MGM years . Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s . Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 . MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary . Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone . Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) . After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) . At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton . Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon . Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role . RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) . In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences . After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination . Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin . Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder . He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin . Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus . He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months . At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin . Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day . 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark . Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior . 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) . Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 . During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre , Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month . He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television . In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington . On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) . In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland . He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner . Personal life . In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage . Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer . In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde . In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice . In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 . Death . Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare . On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block . External links . - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone
|
[
"Jean Wallace"
] |
[
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": ", including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "of French Basque descent .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ", Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Franchot_Tone#P26#2
|
Who was Franchot Tone 's spouse between Jan 1951 and Nov 1951?
|
Franchot Tone Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series , including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s . Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education . Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was of French Basque descent . Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York . Career . 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) . He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour . Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s , had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs . These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) . Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios . 1933–1939 : The MGM years . Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s . Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 . MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary . Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone . Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) . After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) . At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton . Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon . Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role . RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) . In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences . After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination . Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin . Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder . He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin . Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus . He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months . At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin . Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day . 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark . Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior . 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) . Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 . During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre , Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month . He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television . In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington . On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) . In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland . He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner . Personal life . In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage . Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer . In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde . In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice . In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 . Death . Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare . On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block . External links . - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone
|
[
"Barbara Payton"
] |
[
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": ", including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "of French Basque descent .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ", Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Franchot_Tone#P26#3
|
Who was Franchot Tone 's spouse between Dec 1956 and Aug 1957?
|
Franchot Tone Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series , including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s . Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education . Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was of French Basque descent . Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York . Career . 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) . He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour . Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s , had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs . These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) . Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios . 1933–1939 : The MGM years . Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s . Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 . MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary . Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone . Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) . After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) . At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton . Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon . Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role . RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) . In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences . After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination . Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin . Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder . He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin . Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus . He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months . At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin . Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day . 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark . Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior . 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) . Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 . During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre , Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month . He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television . In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington . On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) . In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland . He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner . Personal life . In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage . Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer . In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde . In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice . In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 . Death . Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare . On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block . External links . - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone
|
[
"Dolores Dorn"
] |
[
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone ( February 27 , 1905 – September 18 , 1968 ) was an American actor , producer , and director of stage , film and television . He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s , and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly , sophisticate roles , with supporting roles by the 1950s . His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to noir layered roles and many World War I films . He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": ", including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , along with his co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton , making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations , and leading to the creation of the Best Supporting Actor category . Early life and education .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born in Niagara Falls , New York , the youngest son of Dr . Frank Jerome Tone , the wealthy president of the Carborundum Company , and his socially prominent wife , Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot . His maternal great-grandfather was congressman Richard Franchot . Tone was also a distant relative of Wolfe Tone ( the father of Irish Republicanism ) . Tone was of French Canadian , Irish , and English ancestry . Through his ancestor , the nobleman Gilbert LHomme de Basque , translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom , he was",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": "of French Basque descent .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " Tone was educated at The Hill School , from which he was dismissed for being a subtle influence for disorder throughout the fall term . He then entered Cornell University , where he was president of the drama club , acting in productions of Shakespeare . He was also elected to the Sphinx Head Society and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity . After graduating in 1927 , he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career in the theater and he moved to Greenwich Village , New York .",
"title": "Franchot Tone"
},
{
"text": " 1927–1932 : Broadway . Tone was in The Belt ( 1927 ) , Centuries ( 1927–28 ) , The International ( 1928 ) , and a popular adaptation of The Age of Innocence ( 1928–29 ) with Katherine Cornell . He followed it with appearances in Uncle Vanya ( 1929 ) , Cross Roads ( 1929 ) , Red Rust ( 1929–30 ) , Hotel Universe ( 1930 ) , and Pagan Lady ( 1930–31 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He joined the Theatre Guild and played Curly in their production of Green Grow the Lilacs ( 1931 ) , where Tone sang , which later became the basis for the musical Oklahoma ! Robert Benchley of The New Yorker said that Tone made lyrical love to [ co-star ] Walker between the Sammy Lee chorus routines of the play . The Lynn Riggs play received mixed reviews , mostly favorable , and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway in addition to its road tour .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was also a founding member of the Group Theatre , when the Theater Guild disbanded , along with other former guild members Harold Clurman , Cheryl Crawford , Lee Strasberg , Stella Adler , and Clifford Odets . Clifford Odets recalled of Tones acting , The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone and Marlon Brando , and I think Franchot was the more talented . Strasberg , who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of The Method in the 1950s ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "had been a castmate of Tones in Green Grow the Lilacs .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " These were intense and productive years for him ; among the productions of the Group he acted in were 1931 ( 1931 ) lasting 12 performances , Maxwell Andersons Night Over Taos ( 1932 ) a play in verse that lasted 10 , The House of Connelly ( 1931 ) lasting 91 performances and John Howard Lawsons Success Story ( 1932 ) directed by Lee Strasberg . Outside of Group productions , he was in A Thousand Summers ( 1932 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made his film debut with The Wiser Sex ( 1932 ) starring Claudette Colbert , filmed by Paramount at their Astoria Studios .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood when MGM offered him a film contract . In his memoir on the Group Theater , The Fervent Years , Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group in the beginning . However , Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of the Method and what was soon to be the Actors Studio under Strasbergs teachings . Nevertheless , he always considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently than theater productions and recalled his stage years with",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "fondness . He later provided financial support to the Group Theater , which often needed it . He returned to stage work sporadically after the 1940s .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone summered at Pine Brook Country Club , located in the countryside of Nichols , Connecticut , which was the Group Theaters rehearsal headquarters during the summer of 1936 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles , casting him in six pre-Code film standards , which came out in 1933 . They started him with the WWI romantic war drama Today We Live , written by William Faulkner in collaboration with director Howard Hawks . It was originally meant to be a WWI war buddy script by Faulkner but the studio wanted a vehicle for Joan Crawford , so Faulkner and Hawks got together and worked in the romance between co-stars Gary Cooper and Crawford . Tone was then the romantic male lead in Gabriel Over the",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "White House starring Walter Huston and then co-starred with Loretta Young in Midnight Mary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone romanced Miriam Hopkins in King Vidors The Strangers Return and was the male lead in Stage Mother . He also had an excellent role in Bombshell , with Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy . The last of the sequence of films released in 1933 was Dancing Lady , with an on screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford and Clark Gable , which was a lavishly staged spectacle with a solid performance by Tone .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romance Constance Bennett in Moulin Rouge ( 1934 ) as she played dual roles in which she shines as a comedienne and his performance was called equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein by The New York Times . Back at MGM he was again co-starring with Crawford in Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , then was borrowed by Fox to co-star commendably with Madeleine Carroll in John Fords French Foreign Legion picture , The World Moves On ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After The Girl from Missouri ( 1934 ) with Harlow , MGM finally gave Tone top billing in Straight Is the Way ( 1934 ) , although it was considered a B film , one which didnt have a high publicity or production cost . Warners then borrowed him for Gentlemen Are Born ( 1934 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "At Paramount , Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) with Gary Cooper . He was top billed in One New York Night ( 1935 ) but billed underneath Harlow and William Powell in Reckless ( 1935 ) . He supported Crawford and Robert Montgomery in No More Ladies ( 1935 ) and had another box-office success with Mutiny on the Bounty , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with co-stars Clark Gable and Charles Laughton .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Warner Bros borrowed him again , this time to play Bette Davis leading man in Dangerous ( 1935 ) . Davis has stated this is the picture where she fell in love with Tone , although unreturned , which began difficulties between her and Crawford . He then had the lead in Exclusive Story ( 1935 ) , and again was paired with friend Loretta Young in The Unguarded Hour ( 1936 ) and also starred with Grace Moore in Columbias The King Steps Out ( 1936 ) , notable for the debut of an eleven-year-old Gwen Verdon .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone and Harlow co-starred again in Suzy ( 1936 ) with then up and comer Cary Grant , who was billed third . The film was popular with audiences , but reviews were less than kind with The New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it balderdash , but thanked Mr . Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses . His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece . He then filmed The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) with Crawford , Robert Taylor and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Barrymore with co-star Beulah Bondi earning an Academy award nomination for the Andrew Jackson period piece . A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing on It Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists in Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , found Tone in a supporting role .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " RKO borrowed him to appear opposite Katharine Hepburn in Quality Street ( 1937 ) , a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office . Back at MGM he supported Spencer Tracy and Gladys George in They Gave Him a Gun ( 1937 ) . He had the lead in Between Two Women ( 1937 ) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford in The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) , then joined Myrna Loy in Man-Proof ( 1938 ) and Gladys George in Love Is a Headache ( 1938 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Three Comrades ( 1938 ) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor and Margaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I . He made Three Loves Has Nancy ( 1938 ) with Janet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred with Franciska Gaal in The Girl Downstairs ( 1938 ) , a Cinderella type story . He then starred in a B picture with Ann Sothern in Fast and Furious ( 1939 ) as married crime sleuths , the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each , that were",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "marketed towards the Thin Man films audiences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After his contract ended , Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots , often working with the Groups members of its formative years , and playwrights such as Eugene ONeill . He returned to Broadway for Irwin Shaws The Gentle People ( 1939 ) and an adaptation of Ernest Hemingways The Fifth Column ( 1940 ) , which only had a short run . 1940–1949 : The Universal , Columbia & Paramount combination .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone signed a contract with Universal , starring in his first Western there , Trail of the Vigilantes ( 1940 ) , where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes of Broderick Crawford and Andy Devine . He was soon back supporting female stars though , making Nice Girl ? ( 1941 ) with Deanna Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia , where he made two films with Joan Bennett , She Knew All the Answers ( 1941 ) and The Wife Takes a Flyer ( 1942 ) . Back at Universal he was top billed in This Woman Is Mine ( 1941 ) . Tone went to Paramount to star in Five Graves to Cairo ( 1942 ) , a World War II espionage story directed by Billy Wilder .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He also returned to MGM to star in Pilot No . 5 ( 1943 ) then it was back to Universal for His Butlers Sister ( 1943 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Tone made two more films at Paramount , True to Life ( 1943 ) with Mary Martin and The Hour Before the Dawn ( 1944 ) with Veronica Lake . He had one of his best roles in Universals Phantom Lady ( 1944 ) directed by Robert Siodmak , an early film noir picture and a villainous part for Tone . Also impressive was his performance in Dark Waters ( 1944 ) with Merle Oberon for Benedict Bogeaus .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway in Hope for the Best ( 1945 ) with Jane Wyatt ; the production ran for a little more than three months .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " At Universal Tone did That Night with You ( 1945 ) with Susanna Foster and Because of Him ( 1946 ) with Durbin .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Tone made Lost Honeymoon ( 1947 ) at Eagle Lion Studios and Honeymoon ( 1947 ) with Shirley Temple . While at Columbia he had roles in Her Husbands Affairs ( 1947 ) with Lucille Ball , and I Love Trouble ( 1947 ) , then Every Girl Should Be Married ( 1948 ) reteamed with Grant at RKO . He had the lead as an assistant D.A . looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller , Jigsaw ( 1949 ) . He",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "then had a supporting part as a murder victim in Without Honor ( 1949 ) , a noir film co-starring Laraine Day .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1949 : Producer . Tone produced and starred in The Man on the Eiffel Tower ( 1949 ) , a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location , creative wrangling and the pictures hard to transfer single-strip technicolor film stock . It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases . Tones tour de force role as a manic depressive sociopath included performing many of his own stunts on the Paris landmark .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone . Meredith is credited as director , although Tone took over duties when Meredeth was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself . The film has some of the best cinematic pictures of the Eiffel Tower according to French director Jean Renior .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " 1950–1959 : Live theater television . Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television , including The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre , Danger , Suspense and Starlight Theatre . He returned to Hollywood to appear in Here Comes the Groom ( 1951 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Back on the small screen , Tone was in Lights Out , Tales of Tomorrow , Hollywood Opening Night , The Revlon Mirror Theater , and The Philip Morris Playhouse . But he soon returned to Broadway , appearing in a big hit with Oh , Men ! Oh , Women ! ( 1953–54 ) , which ran for 400 performances , a revival of The Time of Your Life ( 1955 ) and Eugene ONeills A Moon for the Misbegotten with Wendy Hiller and Cyril Cusack in 1957 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays , in such original productions as Twelve Angry Men , as well as The Elgin Hour , The Ford Television Theatre , and in The Best of Broadway series in a production of The Guardsman with Claudette Colbert . Tone then continued in Four Star Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , a Playwrights 56 production of The Sound and the Fury , Omnibus , General Electric Theater , The United States Steel Hour , The Kaiser Aluminum Hour , The Alcoa Hour , Climax! , Armchair Theatre",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ", Pursuit , Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Goodyear Theatre , Playhouse 90 , and The DuPont Show of the Month .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He did a TV adaptation of The Little Foxes ( 1956 ) with Greer Garson and played Frank James in Bitter Heritage ( 1958 ) . In 1957 Tone co-produced , co-directed , and starred in an adaptation of Chekhovs Uncle Vanya , which was filmed concurrently with an off-Broadway revival . His performance as the Russian country doctor with ennui was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then wife Dolores Dorn . 1960–1968 : Final films and television .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the early 1960s Tone was in an episodes of Bonanza and The Twilight Zone ( The Silence ) and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Mandingo ( 1961 ) . He then played the charismatic , dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer prize winning novel Advise & Consent ( 1962 ) , an Otto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbied Martin Luther King to portray a senator in , while many U.S . senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used for Mr . Smith goes to Washington .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of ONeills Strange Interlude , with Ben Gazzarra and Jane Fonda , and Bicycle Ride to Nevada . The next year he appeared in Lewis John Carlinos Double Talk . He was cast in TV shows such as The Eleventh Hour , Dupont Show of the Week , The Reporter , Festival , The Alfred Hitchcock Hour , and The Virginian . He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie , See How They Run ( 1964 ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In Europe , Tone made La bonne soupe ( 1965 ) . He co-starred in the Ben Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Caseys supervisor , Dr . Daniel Niles Freeland .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He had roles in Otto Premingers film In Harms Way ( 1965 ) in which he portrayed Admiral Husband E . Kimmel and Arthur Penns Mickey One ( 1965 ) , and an episode of Run for Your Life . He appeared off-Broadway in Beyond Desire ( 1967 ) and his last roles were in Shadow Over Elveron ( 1968 ) and Nobody Runs Forever ( 1968 ) a British film originally titled The High Commissioner .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 1935 , Tone married actress Joan Crawford ; the couple were divorced in 1939 . They made seven films together – Today We Live ( 1933 ) , Dancing Lady ( 1933 ) , Sadie McKee ( 1934 ) , No More Ladies ( 1935 ) , The Gorgeous Hussy ( 1936 ) , Love on the Run ( 1936 ) , and The Bride Wore Red ( 1937 ) . Their union produced no children , despite considerable effort , Crawfords pregnancies all ended in miscarriage .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Tone took their divorce hard , and his recollections of her were cynical — Shes like that old joke about Philadelphia : first prize , four years with Joan ; second prize , eight . Many years later , however , when Tone was dying of lung cancer , Joan often cared for him , paying for medical treatments and at one point , Tone suggested they remarry , but she declined the offer .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1941 , Tone married fashion model-turned-actress Jean Wallace , who appeared with Tone in both Jigsaw and The Man on the Eiffel Tower . The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948 . She later married actor Cornel Wilde .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 1951 , Tones relationship with actress Barbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actor Tom Neal , a rival for Paytons attention . Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek . Tone subsequently married Payton , but divorced her in 1952 , after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal . Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production of The Postman Always Rings Twice .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 1956 , Tone married Dolores Dorn , with whom he appeared in a film version of Uncle Vanya ( 1957 ) which Tone directed and produced . The couple divorced in 1959 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Tone , a chain smoker , died of lung cancer in New York City on September 18 , 1968 . Crawford arranged for him to be cremated and his ashes scattered at Muskoka Lakes , Canada . However , Ferncliff Cemetery has no record of this and Tones ashes are reportedly on a shelf in his sons library , surrounded by the works of Shakespeare .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "On February 8 , 1960 , Franchot Tone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture industry , located at 6558 Hollywood Blvd , on the south side of the 6500 block .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - Pronunciation of Franchot Tone - Al Hirschfeld illustration of Franchot Tone",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Odo_of_Châteauroux#P39#0
|
Which position did Odo of Châteauroux hold between Apr 1243 and Nov 1243?
|
Odo of Châteauroux Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive . Life . Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk . He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 . He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto . Works . - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus References . For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 . Further reading . - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 . External links . - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi
|
[
"chancellor of the University of Paris"
] |
[
{
"text": " Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive .",
"title": "Odo of Châteauroux"
},
{
"text": " Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Odo_of_Châteauroux#P39#1
|
Which position did Odo of Châteauroux hold between Dec 1244 and Feb 1247?
|
Odo of Châteauroux Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive . Life . Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk . He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 . He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto . Works . - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus References . For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 . Further reading . - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 . External links . - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi
|
[
"cardinal-bishop"
] |
[
{
"text": " Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive .",
"title": "Odo of Châteauroux"
},
{
"text": " Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Odo_of_Châteauroux#P39#2
|
Which position did Odo of Châteauroux hold between Jan 1254 and Sep 1262?
|
Odo of Châteauroux Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive . Life . Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk . He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 . He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto . Works . - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus References . For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 . Further reading . - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 . External links . - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi
|
[
"Dean of the Sacred College",
"cardinal-bishop"
] |
[
{
"text": " Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive .",
"title": "Odo of Châteauroux"
},
{
"text": " Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Odo_of_Châteauroux#P39#3
|
Which position did Odo of Châteauroux hold between Jun 1270 and Nov 1270?
|
Odo of Châteauroux Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive . Life . Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk . He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 . He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto . Works . - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus References . For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 . Further reading . - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 . External links . - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi
|
[
"Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church"
] |
[
{
"text": " Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273 ) , also known as and by many other names , was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher , papal legate and cardinal . He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades” . Over 1000 of his sermons survive .",
"title": "Odo of Châteauroux"
},
{
"text": " Odo was born at Châteauroux around the year 1190 . He preached murderous crusade in 1226 . He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244 , and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp , and then abbot of Grandselve . Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure , of the twelfth century . However , several sources deny , doubt or ignore that he was a monk .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240 , and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud . After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud , among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux , Chancellor of the University of Paris ; Guillaume dAuvergne , Bishop of Paris ; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne . After the same rabbis had been heard a second time , the Talmud was condemned to be burned . Two years after ( in the middle of 1242 ) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "Paris . [ ... ] A little later , while at Lyons , the pope listened to the complaints of the Jews , and in 1247 he asked Eudes de Chateauroux to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint , and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith , and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners . The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes . Eudes informed",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted , and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time . A long list of supposed errors and blasphemies contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux . He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati ( 1244 ) . He is given also as bishop of Toulouse and bishop of Maguelonne and legate , and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV . He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade , and is",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "mentioned by Joinville , returning in 1254 , via Cyprus . Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270 .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " He brought back relics , which he gave to Viterbo , Tournai and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre , Indre , France . He also consecrated relics in the Sainte-Chapelle . He led the enquiry into the canonization of Richard of Chichester . In 1270 , on the death of Louis IX , he announced official mourning for the whole of Christendom . He died on 25 January 1273 at Orvieto .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " - Super Psalterium - MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller , Marcel . Dictionnaire de spiritualité . Paris : G . Beauchesnes et ses fils , 1937-1995 . 4 , 2 ( 1961 ) : 1675-8 .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Letter in August Potthast Regesta Pontificum Romanorum - Iozzelli , F . ( 1989 ) . Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d Angio , Celestino V e i suoi tempi : realta spirituale e realta politica . Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale LAquila , 26-27 agosto 1989 ( ed . W . Capezzali ) ( LAquila 1990 ) . pp . 35–53 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Biography , under Ottone de Castro Rodolfi",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/LNER_Class_A4_4498_Sir_Nigel_Gresley#P137#0
|
What was the operator of LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley in early 1940s?
|
LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) A4 Class number 4498 ( original ) , 7 ( LNER 1946 ) and 60007 ( BR ) , named Sir Nigel Gresley is a preserved British steam locomotive . Liveries . As with the other members of the 35-strong class , Sir Nigel Gresley wore many liveries throughout its career . It was released to traffic on 30 October 1937 in the standard LNER garter blue of the A4 Pacifics . New numbers and letters for the tender in stainless steel were added in a general overhaul 16 January 1939 . Sir Nigel Gresley was repainted into wartime black with LNER markings on 21 February 1942 . The next repaint was into black with NE markings on 20 October 1943 , as a cutback . After the war , Sir Nigel Gresley regained LNER garter blue livery with red/white lining on 6 March 1947 . With the formation of British Railways came new liveries and Sir Nigel Gresley was painted into British Railways dark blue with black and white lining on 27 September 1950 . The final livery change was into British Railways brunswick green livery on 17 April 1952 . In preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley wore garter blue ( with stainless steel letters and numbers as 4498 added later ) from 1966 until its overhaul in the late 1990s , when it gained its current British Railways blue livery as 60007 . This livery was retained again after the 2006 overhaul . Technical Details . As with the earlier LNER A4 Pacifics , Sir Nigel Gresley was built with single chimney and side valances covering the wheels . The valances were removed to aid in maintenance on 21 February 1942 . Sir Nigel Gresley gained its double chimney and Kylchap double blastpipe on 13 December 1957 . 60007 also gained AWS equipment on 27 September 1950 . A Smith-Stone type speed recorder was fitted on 30 June 1960 . Sir Nigel Gresley has had twelve boilers in its career : 8961 ( from new ) ; 8946 ( from 4483 Kingfisher ) , 21 February 1942 ; 9489 ( new boiler ) , 6 March 1947 ; 29271 ( from 60024 Kingfisher ) , 27 September 1950 ; 29319 ( new build ) , 17 April 1952 ; 29306 ( spare ) , 19 October 1953 ; 29321 ( from 60010 Dominion of Canada ) , 12 March 1955 ; 29314 ( from 60026 Miles Beevor ) , 13 April 1957 ; 29324 ( from 60015 Quicksilver ) , 13 December 1957 ; 29331 ( new build ) , 16 April 1959 ; 27970 ( new build ) , 7 October 1960 and finally 27966 ( from 60016 Silver King ) , 25 October 1962 . Sir Nigel Gresley had two tenders in its career : 5329 from new build to 8 August 1943 and then 5324 from that time . Career . Built for the LNER in 1937 , and the 100th Gresley Pacific built . Its Doncaster Works number was 1863 . It was originally numbered 4498 . It is a 4-6-2 locomotive to the same design by Sir Nigel Gresley as the more famous Mallard . Locomotive 4498 was actually due to receive the name Bittern , originally suggested for 4492 ( later Dominion of New Zealand ) . So the story goes , an LNER enthusiast who worked in the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , realised in time that 4498 was the 100th Gresley Pacific locomotive and the suggestion was made that the locomotive be named after its designer . The name Bittern was later carried on 4464 . Sir Nigel Gresley was allocated to Kings Cross Top Shed from new . As LNER locomotive 7 , it was reallocated to Grantham on 23 April 1944 , but sent back to Top Shed on 4 June 1950 . Top Shed kept 60007 until the depot was closed , then Sir Nigel Gresley was reallocated to New England shed on 16 June 1963 . Sir Nigel Gresley was then allocated to St Margarets shed , to work the Edinburgh - Aberdeen trains , until final shed allocation was to Aberdeen on 20 July 1964 . Sir Nigel Gresley received a repaint at Doncaster Works 25 February 1938 , and larger coal space was also provided as the locomotive was displayed at an exhibition in Manchester . Sir Nigel Gresley was also used for the opening of the Rugby testing station from 23 August - 8 October 1948 . 60007 was placed onto the rollers without her tender and run up to high speeds to monitor the coal and water usage of the locomotive . Sir Nigel Gresley is the holder of the postwar steam record speed of gained on 23 May 1959 and carries a plaque to that effect . As with Mallards record , this was descending southward from Stoke Summit , but unlike Mallards run which was a special attempt , this was with a full train of passengers returning from an excursion to Doncaster works . The excursion exceeded on two other occasions on the same day . As the nominated member of the British Transport Commissions Eastern area board , Alan Pegler was on the locomotives footplate that day . Preservation . Withdrawn from service by British Railways on 1 February 1966 , it was targeted by the A4 Preservation Society , which was soon renamed the A4 Locomotive Society , to rescue the locomotive from the cutters torch . This was achieved , and the Streak was moved to Crewe for refurbishment . Fellow A4 No 60026 Miles Beevor also subsequently visited the former LMS works after its own withdrawal , and its three pairs of 6 ft 8 in driving wheels were transferred to No . 60007 because they were in a far better condition than those on the newly saved engine . For a long period of its preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley was kept at Steamtown Carnforth , at the old locomotive depot . This was a prime location for her mainline operations , being the only mainline A4 after 1973 other than Union of South Africa . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mallards record run on 3 July 1988 , the National Railway Museum assembled three of the four UK-based A4 Pacific locomotives at the museum , the first time this had ever been done in preservation . Early in July 2008 , SNG joined its three sibling-locomotives in the UK for a display at the National Railway Museum in York . During 1994 , Sir Nigel Gresley spent some time at the Great Central Railway then at the East Lancashire Railway . The locomotive then moved to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in 1996 , and is now based there . It is owned by Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust Ltd . and operated by the A4 Locomotive Society Ltd . on behalf of the Trust . In 2010 , Sir Nigel Gresley underwent repair at the North Yorkshire Moors Railway after its winter overhaul in 2009/10 revealed that extensive work and repair was needed on the tubing , and since then the locomotive has had two other significant mechanical failures , though these were also resolved . 60007s most recent boiler ticket expired in September 2015 , and the locomotive was therefore withdrawn from service for another overhaul which is being carried out in public view at the National Railway Museum in York . The boiler was sent to the Llangollen Railway for overhaul and was reunited with the locomotive frame on 7 November 2019 . Models . Sir Nigel Gresley was the first tender locomotive model released in OO gauge , and produced in both clockwork and 3-rail 12v DC electric forms by Hornby for the launch of their new system in 1938 . It was modelled with a heavy diecast Mazak body and chassis , and finished in contemporary LNER Garter Blue livery with side skirts and tin-plate corridor tender . The casting was modified to remove the sideskirts on commencement of postwar production in 1947 , when realistic Walshacerts valvegear was fitted to reflect the locomotive in early BR ownership . Bachmann released several models of 60007 ; Weathered Single Chimney , Weathered Double Chimney and Pristine double chimney all in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby also released three models ; one with a support coach and one without one , all having double chimneys and in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby sold their third model in 2013 for the Great Gathering Range along with the other surviving members of the class . Hornby also marketed an N-gauge model of Sir Nigel Gresley ( as catalogue item N214 ) . This N-gauge model was actually manufactured by Minitrix of ( the then ) West Germany in 1983 , as Minitrix article number 51-2946-00 . References . - An overall history of the Gresley A4 class , as well as unparalleled details about the class and individual members . - Histories of the A4 and W1 classes of locomotive with details of repairs and liveries etc . External links . - Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust - Railuk database
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) A4 Class number 4498 ( original ) , 7 ( LNER 1946 ) and 60007 ( BR ) , named Sir Nigel Gresley is a preserved British steam locomotive .",
"title": "LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley"
},
{
"text": "As with the other members of the 35-strong class , Sir Nigel Gresley wore many liveries throughout its career . It was released to traffic on 30 October 1937 in the standard LNER garter blue of the A4 Pacifics . New numbers and letters for the tender in stainless steel were added in a general overhaul 16 January 1939 . Sir Nigel Gresley was repainted into wartime black with LNER markings on 21 February 1942 . The next repaint was into black with NE markings on 20 October 1943 , as a cutback . After the war , Sir Nigel",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": "Gresley regained LNER garter blue livery with red/white lining on 6 March 1947 .",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": " With the formation of British Railways came new liveries and Sir Nigel Gresley was painted into British Railways dark blue with black and white lining on 27 September 1950 . The final livery change was into British Railways brunswick green livery on 17 April 1952 . In preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley wore garter blue ( with stainless steel letters and numbers as 4498 added later ) from 1966 until its overhaul in the late 1990s , when it gained its current British Railways blue livery as 60007 . This livery was retained again after the 2006 overhaul .",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": " As with the earlier LNER A4 Pacifics , Sir Nigel Gresley was built with single chimney and side valances covering the wheels . The valances were removed to aid in maintenance on 21 February 1942 . Sir Nigel Gresley gained its double chimney and Kylchap double blastpipe on 13 December 1957 . 60007 also gained AWS equipment on 27 September 1950 . A Smith-Stone type speed recorder was fitted on 30 June 1960 .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley has had twelve boilers in its career : 8961 ( from new ) ; 8946 ( from 4483 Kingfisher ) , 21 February 1942 ; 9489 ( new boiler ) , 6 March 1947 ; 29271 ( from 60024 Kingfisher ) , 27 September 1950 ; 29319 ( new build ) , 17 April 1952 ; 29306 ( spare ) , 19 October 1953 ; 29321 ( from 60010 Dominion of Canada ) , 12 March 1955 ; 29314 ( from 60026 Miles Beevor ) , 13 April 1957 ; 29324 ( from 60015 Quicksilver ) ,",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": "13 December 1957 ; 29331 ( new build ) , 16 April 1959 ; 27970 ( new build ) , 7 October 1960 and finally 27966 ( from 60016 Silver King ) , 25 October 1962 .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley had two tenders in its career : 5329 from new build to 8 August 1943 and then 5324 from that time .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": " Built for the LNER in 1937 , and the 100th Gresley Pacific built . Its Doncaster Works number was 1863 . It was originally numbered 4498 . It is a 4-6-2 locomotive to the same design by Sir Nigel Gresley as the more famous Mallard .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Locomotive 4498 was actually due to receive the name Bittern , originally suggested for 4492 ( later Dominion of New Zealand ) . So the story goes , an LNER enthusiast who worked in the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , realised in time that 4498 was the 100th Gresley Pacific locomotive and the suggestion was made that the locomotive be named after its designer . The name Bittern was later carried on 4464 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley was allocated to Kings Cross Top Shed from new . As LNER locomotive 7 , it was reallocated to Grantham on 23 April 1944 , but sent back to Top Shed on 4 June 1950 . Top Shed kept 60007 until the depot was closed , then Sir Nigel Gresley was reallocated to New England shed on 16 June 1963 . Sir Nigel Gresley was then allocated to St Margarets shed , to work the Edinburgh - Aberdeen trains , until final shed allocation was to Aberdeen on 20 July 1964 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley received a repaint at Doncaster Works 25 February 1938 , and larger coal space was also provided as the locomotive was displayed at an exhibition in Manchester . Sir Nigel Gresley was also used for the opening of the Rugby testing station from 23 August - 8 October 1948 . 60007 was placed onto the rollers without her tender and run up to high speeds to monitor the coal and water usage of the locomotive .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley is the holder of the postwar steam record speed of gained on 23 May 1959 and carries a plaque to that effect . As with Mallards record , this was descending southward from Stoke Summit , but unlike Mallards run which was a special attempt , this was with a full train of passengers returning from an excursion to Doncaster works . The excursion exceeded on two other occasions on the same day . As the nominated member of the British Transport Commissions Eastern area board , Alan Pegler was on the locomotives footplate that day .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Withdrawn from service by British Railways on 1 February 1966 , it was targeted by the A4 Preservation Society , which was soon renamed the A4 Locomotive Society , to rescue the locomotive from the cutters torch . This was achieved , and the Streak was moved to Crewe for refurbishment . Fellow A4 No 60026 Miles Beevor also subsequently visited the former LMS works after its own withdrawal , and its three pairs of 6 ft 8 in driving wheels were transferred to No . 60007 because they were in a far better condition than those on the newly",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "saved engine .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "For a long period of its preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley was kept at Steamtown Carnforth , at the old locomotive depot . This was a prime location for her mainline operations , being the only mainline A4 after 1973 other than Union of South Africa . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mallards record run on 3 July 1988 , the National Railway Museum assembled three of the four UK-based A4 Pacific locomotives at the museum , the first time this had ever been done in preservation . Early in July 2008 , SNG joined its three",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "sibling-locomotives in the UK for a display at the National Railway Museum in York .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " During 1994 , Sir Nigel Gresley spent some time at the Great Central Railway then at the East Lancashire Railway . The locomotive then moved to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in 1996 , and is now based there . It is owned by Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust Ltd . and operated by the A4 Locomotive Society Ltd . on behalf of the Trust .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Sir Nigel Gresley underwent repair at the North Yorkshire Moors Railway after its winter overhaul in 2009/10 revealed that extensive work and repair was needed on the tubing , and since then the locomotive has had two other significant mechanical failures , though these were also resolved .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " 60007s most recent boiler ticket expired in September 2015 , and the locomotive was therefore withdrawn from service for another overhaul which is being carried out in public view at the National Railway Museum in York . The boiler was sent to the Llangollen Railway for overhaul and was reunited with the locomotive frame on 7 November 2019 .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley was the first tender locomotive model released in OO gauge , and produced in both clockwork and 3-rail 12v DC electric forms by Hornby for the launch of their new system in 1938 . It was modelled with a heavy diecast Mazak body and chassis , and finished in contemporary LNER Garter Blue livery with side skirts and tin-plate corridor tender . The casting was modified to remove the sideskirts on commencement of postwar production in 1947 , when realistic Walshacerts valvegear was fitted to reflect the locomotive in early BR ownership .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": "Bachmann released several models of 60007 ; Weathered Single Chimney , Weathered Double Chimney and Pristine double chimney all in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby also released three models ; one with a support coach and one without one , all having double chimneys and in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby sold their third model in 2013 for the Great Gathering Range along with the other surviving members of the class .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": " Hornby also marketed an N-gauge model of Sir Nigel Gresley ( as catalogue item N214 ) . This N-gauge model was actually manufactured by Minitrix of ( the then ) West Germany in 1983 , as Minitrix article number 51-2946-00 .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": " - An overall history of the Gresley A4 class , as well as unparalleled details about the class and individual members . - Histories of the A4 and W1 classes of locomotive with details of repairs and liveries etc .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust - Railuk database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/LNER_Class_A4_4498_Sir_Nigel_Gresley#P137#1
|
What was the operator of LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley between Nov 1964 and Oct 1965?
|
LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) A4 Class number 4498 ( original ) , 7 ( LNER 1946 ) and 60007 ( BR ) , named Sir Nigel Gresley is a preserved British steam locomotive . Liveries . As with the other members of the 35-strong class , Sir Nigel Gresley wore many liveries throughout its career . It was released to traffic on 30 October 1937 in the standard LNER garter blue of the A4 Pacifics . New numbers and letters for the tender in stainless steel were added in a general overhaul 16 January 1939 . Sir Nigel Gresley was repainted into wartime black with LNER markings on 21 February 1942 . The next repaint was into black with NE markings on 20 October 1943 , as a cutback . After the war , Sir Nigel Gresley regained LNER garter blue livery with red/white lining on 6 March 1947 . With the formation of British Railways came new liveries and Sir Nigel Gresley was painted into British Railways dark blue with black and white lining on 27 September 1950 . The final livery change was into British Railways brunswick green livery on 17 April 1952 . In preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley wore garter blue ( with stainless steel letters and numbers as 4498 added later ) from 1966 until its overhaul in the late 1990s , when it gained its current British Railways blue livery as 60007 . This livery was retained again after the 2006 overhaul . Technical Details . As with the earlier LNER A4 Pacifics , Sir Nigel Gresley was built with single chimney and side valances covering the wheels . The valances were removed to aid in maintenance on 21 February 1942 . Sir Nigel Gresley gained its double chimney and Kylchap double blastpipe on 13 December 1957 . 60007 also gained AWS equipment on 27 September 1950 . A Smith-Stone type speed recorder was fitted on 30 June 1960 . Sir Nigel Gresley has had twelve boilers in its career : 8961 ( from new ) ; 8946 ( from 4483 Kingfisher ) , 21 February 1942 ; 9489 ( new boiler ) , 6 March 1947 ; 29271 ( from 60024 Kingfisher ) , 27 September 1950 ; 29319 ( new build ) , 17 April 1952 ; 29306 ( spare ) , 19 October 1953 ; 29321 ( from 60010 Dominion of Canada ) , 12 March 1955 ; 29314 ( from 60026 Miles Beevor ) , 13 April 1957 ; 29324 ( from 60015 Quicksilver ) , 13 December 1957 ; 29331 ( new build ) , 16 April 1959 ; 27970 ( new build ) , 7 October 1960 and finally 27966 ( from 60016 Silver King ) , 25 October 1962 . Sir Nigel Gresley had two tenders in its career : 5329 from new build to 8 August 1943 and then 5324 from that time . Career . Built for the LNER in 1937 , and the 100th Gresley Pacific built . Its Doncaster Works number was 1863 . It was originally numbered 4498 . It is a 4-6-2 locomotive to the same design by Sir Nigel Gresley as the more famous Mallard . Locomotive 4498 was actually due to receive the name Bittern , originally suggested for 4492 ( later Dominion of New Zealand ) . So the story goes , an LNER enthusiast who worked in the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , realised in time that 4498 was the 100th Gresley Pacific locomotive and the suggestion was made that the locomotive be named after its designer . The name Bittern was later carried on 4464 . Sir Nigel Gresley was allocated to Kings Cross Top Shed from new . As LNER locomotive 7 , it was reallocated to Grantham on 23 April 1944 , but sent back to Top Shed on 4 June 1950 . Top Shed kept 60007 until the depot was closed , then Sir Nigel Gresley was reallocated to New England shed on 16 June 1963 . Sir Nigel Gresley was then allocated to St Margarets shed , to work the Edinburgh - Aberdeen trains , until final shed allocation was to Aberdeen on 20 July 1964 . Sir Nigel Gresley received a repaint at Doncaster Works 25 February 1938 , and larger coal space was also provided as the locomotive was displayed at an exhibition in Manchester . Sir Nigel Gresley was also used for the opening of the Rugby testing station from 23 August - 8 October 1948 . 60007 was placed onto the rollers without her tender and run up to high speeds to monitor the coal and water usage of the locomotive . Sir Nigel Gresley is the holder of the postwar steam record speed of gained on 23 May 1959 and carries a plaque to that effect . As with Mallards record , this was descending southward from Stoke Summit , but unlike Mallards run which was a special attempt , this was with a full train of passengers returning from an excursion to Doncaster works . The excursion exceeded on two other occasions on the same day . As the nominated member of the British Transport Commissions Eastern area board , Alan Pegler was on the locomotives footplate that day . Preservation . Withdrawn from service by British Railways on 1 February 1966 , it was targeted by the A4 Preservation Society , which was soon renamed the A4 Locomotive Society , to rescue the locomotive from the cutters torch . This was achieved , and the Streak was moved to Crewe for refurbishment . Fellow A4 No 60026 Miles Beevor also subsequently visited the former LMS works after its own withdrawal , and its three pairs of 6 ft 8 in driving wheels were transferred to No . 60007 because they were in a far better condition than those on the newly saved engine . For a long period of its preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley was kept at Steamtown Carnforth , at the old locomotive depot . This was a prime location for her mainline operations , being the only mainline A4 after 1973 other than Union of South Africa . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mallards record run on 3 July 1988 , the National Railway Museum assembled three of the four UK-based A4 Pacific locomotives at the museum , the first time this had ever been done in preservation . Early in July 2008 , SNG joined its three sibling-locomotives in the UK for a display at the National Railway Museum in York . During 1994 , Sir Nigel Gresley spent some time at the Great Central Railway then at the East Lancashire Railway . The locomotive then moved to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in 1996 , and is now based there . It is owned by Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust Ltd . and operated by the A4 Locomotive Society Ltd . on behalf of the Trust . In 2010 , Sir Nigel Gresley underwent repair at the North Yorkshire Moors Railway after its winter overhaul in 2009/10 revealed that extensive work and repair was needed on the tubing , and since then the locomotive has had two other significant mechanical failures , though these were also resolved . 60007s most recent boiler ticket expired in September 2015 , and the locomotive was therefore withdrawn from service for another overhaul which is being carried out in public view at the National Railway Museum in York . The boiler was sent to the Llangollen Railway for overhaul and was reunited with the locomotive frame on 7 November 2019 . Models . Sir Nigel Gresley was the first tender locomotive model released in OO gauge , and produced in both clockwork and 3-rail 12v DC electric forms by Hornby for the launch of their new system in 1938 . It was modelled with a heavy diecast Mazak body and chassis , and finished in contemporary LNER Garter Blue livery with side skirts and tin-plate corridor tender . The casting was modified to remove the sideskirts on commencement of postwar production in 1947 , when realistic Walshacerts valvegear was fitted to reflect the locomotive in early BR ownership . Bachmann released several models of 60007 ; Weathered Single Chimney , Weathered Double Chimney and Pristine double chimney all in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby also released three models ; one with a support coach and one without one , all having double chimneys and in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby sold their third model in 2013 for the Great Gathering Range along with the other surviving members of the class . Hornby also marketed an N-gauge model of Sir Nigel Gresley ( as catalogue item N214 ) . This N-gauge model was actually manufactured by Minitrix of ( the then ) West Germany in 1983 , as Minitrix article number 51-2946-00 . References . - An overall history of the Gresley A4 class , as well as unparalleled details about the class and individual members . - Histories of the A4 and W1 classes of locomotive with details of repairs and liveries etc . External links . - Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust - Railuk database
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) A4 Class number 4498 ( original ) , 7 ( LNER 1946 ) and 60007 ( BR ) , named Sir Nigel Gresley is a preserved British steam locomotive .",
"title": "LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley"
},
{
"text": "As with the other members of the 35-strong class , Sir Nigel Gresley wore many liveries throughout its career . It was released to traffic on 30 October 1937 in the standard LNER garter blue of the A4 Pacifics . New numbers and letters for the tender in stainless steel were added in a general overhaul 16 January 1939 . Sir Nigel Gresley was repainted into wartime black with LNER markings on 21 February 1942 . The next repaint was into black with NE markings on 20 October 1943 , as a cutback . After the war , Sir Nigel",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": "Gresley regained LNER garter blue livery with red/white lining on 6 March 1947 .",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": " With the formation of British Railways came new liveries and Sir Nigel Gresley was painted into British Railways dark blue with black and white lining on 27 September 1950 . The final livery change was into British Railways brunswick green livery on 17 April 1952 . In preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley wore garter blue ( with stainless steel letters and numbers as 4498 added later ) from 1966 until its overhaul in the late 1990s , when it gained its current British Railways blue livery as 60007 . This livery was retained again after the 2006 overhaul .",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": " As with the earlier LNER A4 Pacifics , Sir Nigel Gresley was built with single chimney and side valances covering the wheels . The valances were removed to aid in maintenance on 21 February 1942 . Sir Nigel Gresley gained its double chimney and Kylchap double blastpipe on 13 December 1957 . 60007 also gained AWS equipment on 27 September 1950 . A Smith-Stone type speed recorder was fitted on 30 June 1960 .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley has had twelve boilers in its career : 8961 ( from new ) ; 8946 ( from 4483 Kingfisher ) , 21 February 1942 ; 9489 ( new boiler ) , 6 March 1947 ; 29271 ( from 60024 Kingfisher ) , 27 September 1950 ; 29319 ( new build ) , 17 April 1952 ; 29306 ( spare ) , 19 October 1953 ; 29321 ( from 60010 Dominion of Canada ) , 12 March 1955 ; 29314 ( from 60026 Miles Beevor ) , 13 April 1957 ; 29324 ( from 60015 Quicksilver ) ,",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": "13 December 1957 ; 29331 ( new build ) , 16 April 1959 ; 27970 ( new build ) , 7 October 1960 and finally 27966 ( from 60016 Silver King ) , 25 October 1962 .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley had two tenders in its career : 5329 from new build to 8 August 1943 and then 5324 from that time .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": " Built for the LNER in 1937 , and the 100th Gresley Pacific built . Its Doncaster Works number was 1863 . It was originally numbered 4498 . It is a 4-6-2 locomotive to the same design by Sir Nigel Gresley as the more famous Mallard .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Locomotive 4498 was actually due to receive the name Bittern , originally suggested for 4492 ( later Dominion of New Zealand ) . So the story goes , an LNER enthusiast who worked in the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , realised in time that 4498 was the 100th Gresley Pacific locomotive and the suggestion was made that the locomotive be named after its designer . The name Bittern was later carried on 4464 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley was allocated to Kings Cross Top Shed from new . As LNER locomotive 7 , it was reallocated to Grantham on 23 April 1944 , but sent back to Top Shed on 4 June 1950 . Top Shed kept 60007 until the depot was closed , then Sir Nigel Gresley was reallocated to New England shed on 16 June 1963 . Sir Nigel Gresley was then allocated to St Margarets shed , to work the Edinburgh - Aberdeen trains , until final shed allocation was to Aberdeen on 20 July 1964 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley received a repaint at Doncaster Works 25 February 1938 , and larger coal space was also provided as the locomotive was displayed at an exhibition in Manchester . Sir Nigel Gresley was also used for the opening of the Rugby testing station from 23 August - 8 October 1948 . 60007 was placed onto the rollers without her tender and run up to high speeds to monitor the coal and water usage of the locomotive .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley is the holder of the postwar steam record speed of gained on 23 May 1959 and carries a plaque to that effect . As with Mallards record , this was descending southward from Stoke Summit , but unlike Mallards run which was a special attempt , this was with a full train of passengers returning from an excursion to Doncaster works . The excursion exceeded on two other occasions on the same day . As the nominated member of the British Transport Commissions Eastern area board , Alan Pegler was on the locomotives footplate that day .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Withdrawn from service by British Railways on 1 February 1966 , it was targeted by the A4 Preservation Society , which was soon renamed the A4 Locomotive Society , to rescue the locomotive from the cutters torch . This was achieved , and the Streak was moved to Crewe for refurbishment . Fellow A4 No 60026 Miles Beevor also subsequently visited the former LMS works after its own withdrawal , and its three pairs of 6 ft 8 in driving wheels were transferred to No . 60007 because they were in a far better condition than those on the newly",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "saved engine .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "For a long period of its preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley was kept at Steamtown Carnforth , at the old locomotive depot . This was a prime location for her mainline operations , being the only mainline A4 after 1973 other than Union of South Africa . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mallards record run on 3 July 1988 , the National Railway Museum assembled three of the four UK-based A4 Pacific locomotives at the museum , the first time this had ever been done in preservation . Early in July 2008 , SNG joined its three",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "sibling-locomotives in the UK for a display at the National Railway Museum in York .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " During 1994 , Sir Nigel Gresley spent some time at the Great Central Railway then at the East Lancashire Railway . The locomotive then moved to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in 1996 , and is now based there . It is owned by Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust Ltd . and operated by the A4 Locomotive Society Ltd . on behalf of the Trust .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Sir Nigel Gresley underwent repair at the North Yorkshire Moors Railway after its winter overhaul in 2009/10 revealed that extensive work and repair was needed on the tubing , and since then the locomotive has had two other significant mechanical failures , though these were also resolved .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " 60007s most recent boiler ticket expired in September 2015 , and the locomotive was therefore withdrawn from service for another overhaul which is being carried out in public view at the National Railway Museum in York . The boiler was sent to the Llangollen Railway for overhaul and was reunited with the locomotive frame on 7 November 2019 .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley was the first tender locomotive model released in OO gauge , and produced in both clockwork and 3-rail 12v DC electric forms by Hornby for the launch of their new system in 1938 . It was modelled with a heavy diecast Mazak body and chassis , and finished in contemporary LNER Garter Blue livery with side skirts and tin-plate corridor tender . The casting was modified to remove the sideskirts on commencement of postwar production in 1947 , when realistic Walshacerts valvegear was fitted to reflect the locomotive in early BR ownership .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": "Bachmann released several models of 60007 ; Weathered Single Chimney , Weathered Double Chimney and Pristine double chimney all in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby also released three models ; one with a support coach and one without one , all having double chimneys and in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby sold their third model in 2013 for the Great Gathering Range along with the other surviving members of the class .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": " Hornby also marketed an N-gauge model of Sir Nigel Gresley ( as catalogue item N214 ) . This N-gauge model was actually manufactured by Minitrix of ( the then ) West Germany in 1983 , as Minitrix article number 51-2946-00 .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": " - An overall history of the Gresley A4 class , as well as unparalleled details about the class and individual members . - Histories of the A4 and W1 classes of locomotive with details of repairs and liveries etc .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust - Railuk database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/LNER_Class_A4_4498_Sir_Nigel_Gresley#P137#2
|
What was the operator of LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley before Oct 1935?
|
LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) A4 Class number 4498 ( original ) , 7 ( LNER 1946 ) and 60007 ( BR ) , named Sir Nigel Gresley is a preserved British steam locomotive . Liveries . As with the other members of the 35-strong class , Sir Nigel Gresley wore many liveries throughout its career . It was released to traffic on 30 October 1937 in the standard LNER garter blue of the A4 Pacifics . New numbers and letters for the tender in stainless steel were added in a general overhaul 16 January 1939 . Sir Nigel Gresley was repainted into wartime black with LNER markings on 21 February 1942 . The next repaint was into black with NE markings on 20 October 1943 , as a cutback . After the war , Sir Nigel Gresley regained LNER garter blue livery with red/white lining on 6 March 1947 . With the formation of British Railways came new liveries and Sir Nigel Gresley was painted into British Railways dark blue with black and white lining on 27 September 1950 . The final livery change was into British Railways brunswick green livery on 17 April 1952 . In preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley wore garter blue ( with stainless steel letters and numbers as 4498 added later ) from 1966 until its overhaul in the late 1990s , when it gained its current British Railways blue livery as 60007 . This livery was retained again after the 2006 overhaul . Technical Details . As with the earlier LNER A4 Pacifics , Sir Nigel Gresley was built with single chimney and side valances covering the wheels . The valances were removed to aid in maintenance on 21 February 1942 . Sir Nigel Gresley gained its double chimney and Kylchap double blastpipe on 13 December 1957 . 60007 also gained AWS equipment on 27 September 1950 . A Smith-Stone type speed recorder was fitted on 30 June 1960 . Sir Nigel Gresley has had twelve boilers in its career : 8961 ( from new ) ; 8946 ( from 4483 Kingfisher ) , 21 February 1942 ; 9489 ( new boiler ) , 6 March 1947 ; 29271 ( from 60024 Kingfisher ) , 27 September 1950 ; 29319 ( new build ) , 17 April 1952 ; 29306 ( spare ) , 19 October 1953 ; 29321 ( from 60010 Dominion of Canada ) , 12 March 1955 ; 29314 ( from 60026 Miles Beevor ) , 13 April 1957 ; 29324 ( from 60015 Quicksilver ) , 13 December 1957 ; 29331 ( new build ) , 16 April 1959 ; 27970 ( new build ) , 7 October 1960 and finally 27966 ( from 60016 Silver King ) , 25 October 1962 . Sir Nigel Gresley had two tenders in its career : 5329 from new build to 8 August 1943 and then 5324 from that time . Career . Built for the LNER in 1937 , and the 100th Gresley Pacific built . Its Doncaster Works number was 1863 . It was originally numbered 4498 . It is a 4-6-2 locomotive to the same design by Sir Nigel Gresley as the more famous Mallard . Locomotive 4498 was actually due to receive the name Bittern , originally suggested for 4492 ( later Dominion of New Zealand ) . So the story goes , an LNER enthusiast who worked in the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , realised in time that 4498 was the 100th Gresley Pacific locomotive and the suggestion was made that the locomotive be named after its designer . The name Bittern was later carried on 4464 . Sir Nigel Gresley was allocated to Kings Cross Top Shed from new . As LNER locomotive 7 , it was reallocated to Grantham on 23 April 1944 , but sent back to Top Shed on 4 June 1950 . Top Shed kept 60007 until the depot was closed , then Sir Nigel Gresley was reallocated to New England shed on 16 June 1963 . Sir Nigel Gresley was then allocated to St Margarets shed , to work the Edinburgh - Aberdeen trains , until final shed allocation was to Aberdeen on 20 July 1964 . Sir Nigel Gresley received a repaint at Doncaster Works 25 February 1938 , and larger coal space was also provided as the locomotive was displayed at an exhibition in Manchester . Sir Nigel Gresley was also used for the opening of the Rugby testing station from 23 August - 8 October 1948 . 60007 was placed onto the rollers without her tender and run up to high speeds to monitor the coal and water usage of the locomotive . Sir Nigel Gresley is the holder of the postwar steam record speed of gained on 23 May 1959 and carries a plaque to that effect . As with Mallards record , this was descending southward from Stoke Summit , but unlike Mallards run which was a special attempt , this was with a full train of passengers returning from an excursion to Doncaster works . The excursion exceeded on two other occasions on the same day . As the nominated member of the British Transport Commissions Eastern area board , Alan Pegler was on the locomotives footplate that day . Preservation . Withdrawn from service by British Railways on 1 February 1966 , it was targeted by the A4 Preservation Society , which was soon renamed the A4 Locomotive Society , to rescue the locomotive from the cutters torch . This was achieved , and the Streak was moved to Crewe for refurbishment . Fellow A4 No 60026 Miles Beevor also subsequently visited the former LMS works after its own withdrawal , and its three pairs of 6 ft 8 in driving wheels were transferred to No . 60007 because they were in a far better condition than those on the newly saved engine . For a long period of its preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley was kept at Steamtown Carnforth , at the old locomotive depot . This was a prime location for her mainline operations , being the only mainline A4 after 1973 other than Union of South Africa . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mallards record run on 3 July 1988 , the National Railway Museum assembled three of the four UK-based A4 Pacific locomotives at the museum , the first time this had ever been done in preservation . Early in July 2008 , SNG joined its three sibling-locomotives in the UK for a display at the National Railway Museum in York . During 1994 , Sir Nigel Gresley spent some time at the Great Central Railway then at the East Lancashire Railway . The locomotive then moved to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in 1996 , and is now based there . It is owned by Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust Ltd . and operated by the A4 Locomotive Society Ltd . on behalf of the Trust . In 2010 , Sir Nigel Gresley underwent repair at the North Yorkshire Moors Railway after its winter overhaul in 2009/10 revealed that extensive work and repair was needed on the tubing , and since then the locomotive has had two other significant mechanical failures , though these were also resolved . 60007s most recent boiler ticket expired in September 2015 , and the locomotive was therefore withdrawn from service for another overhaul which is being carried out in public view at the National Railway Museum in York . The boiler was sent to the Llangollen Railway for overhaul and was reunited with the locomotive frame on 7 November 2019 . Models . Sir Nigel Gresley was the first tender locomotive model released in OO gauge , and produced in both clockwork and 3-rail 12v DC electric forms by Hornby for the launch of their new system in 1938 . It was modelled with a heavy diecast Mazak body and chassis , and finished in contemporary LNER Garter Blue livery with side skirts and tin-plate corridor tender . The casting was modified to remove the sideskirts on commencement of postwar production in 1947 , when realistic Walshacerts valvegear was fitted to reflect the locomotive in early BR ownership . Bachmann released several models of 60007 ; Weathered Single Chimney , Weathered Double Chimney and Pristine double chimney all in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby also released three models ; one with a support coach and one without one , all having double chimneys and in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby sold their third model in 2013 for the Great Gathering Range along with the other surviving members of the class . Hornby also marketed an N-gauge model of Sir Nigel Gresley ( as catalogue item N214 ) . This N-gauge model was actually manufactured by Minitrix of ( the then ) West Germany in 1983 , as Minitrix article number 51-2946-00 . References . - An overall history of the Gresley A4 class , as well as unparalleled details about the class and individual members . - Histories of the A4 and W1 classes of locomotive with details of repairs and liveries etc . External links . - Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust - Railuk database
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) A4 Class number 4498 ( original ) , 7 ( LNER 1946 ) and 60007 ( BR ) , named Sir Nigel Gresley is a preserved British steam locomotive .",
"title": "LNER Class A4 4498 Sir Nigel Gresley"
},
{
"text": "As with the other members of the 35-strong class , Sir Nigel Gresley wore many liveries throughout its career . It was released to traffic on 30 October 1937 in the standard LNER garter blue of the A4 Pacifics . New numbers and letters for the tender in stainless steel were added in a general overhaul 16 January 1939 . Sir Nigel Gresley was repainted into wartime black with LNER markings on 21 February 1942 . The next repaint was into black with NE markings on 20 October 1943 , as a cutback . After the war , Sir Nigel",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": "Gresley regained LNER garter blue livery with red/white lining on 6 March 1947 .",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": " With the formation of British Railways came new liveries and Sir Nigel Gresley was painted into British Railways dark blue with black and white lining on 27 September 1950 . The final livery change was into British Railways brunswick green livery on 17 April 1952 . In preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley wore garter blue ( with stainless steel letters and numbers as 4498 added later ) from 1966 until its overhaul in the late 1990s , when it gained its current British Railways blue livery as 60007 . This livery was retained again after the 2006 overhaul .",
"title": "Liveries"
},
{
"text": " As with the earlier LNER A4 Pacifics , Sir Nigel Gresley was built with single chimney and side valances covering the wheels . The valances were removed to aid in maintenance on 21 February 1942 . Sir Nigel Gresley gained its double chimney and Kylchap double blastpipe on 13 December 1957 . 60007 also gained AWS equipment on 27 September 1950 . A Smith-Stone type speed recorder was fitted on 30 June 1960 .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley has had twelve boilers in its career : 8961 ( from new ) ; 8946 ( from 4483 Kingfisher ) , 21 February 1942 ; 9489 ( new boiler ) , 6 March 1947 ; 29271 ( from 60024 Kingfisher ) , 27 September 1950 ; 29319 ( new build ) , 17 April 1952 ; 29306 ( spare ) , 19 October 1953 ; 29321 ( from 60010 Dominion of Canada ) , 12 March 1955 ; 29314 ( from 60026 Miles Beevor ) , 13 April 1957 ; 29324 ( from 60015 Quicksilver ) ,",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": "13 December 1957 ; 29331 ( new build ) , 16 April 1959 ; 27970 ( new build ) , 7 October 1960 and finally 27966 ( from 60016 Silver King ) , 25 October 1962 .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley had two tenders in its career : 5329 from new build to 8 August 1943 and then 5324 from that time .",
"title": "Technical Details"
},
{
"text": " Built for the LNER in 1937 , and the 100th Gresley Pacific built . Its Doncaster Works number was 1863 . It was originally numbered 4498 . It is a 4-6-2 locomotive to the same design by Sir Nigel Gresley as the more famous Mallard .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Locomotive 4498 was actually due to receive the name Bittern , originally suggested for 4492 ( later Dominion of New Zealand ) . So the story goes , an LNER enthusiast who worked in the Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , realised in time that 4498 was the 100th Gresley Pacific locomotive and the suggestion was made that the locomotive be named after its designer . The name Bittern was later carried on 4464 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley was allocated to Kings Cross Top Shed from new . As LNER locomotive 7 , it was reallocated to Grantham on 23 April 1944 , but sent back to Top Shed on 4 June 1950 . Top Shed kept 60007 until the depot was closed , then Sir Nigel Gresley was reallocated to New England shed on 16 June 1963 . Sir Nigel Gresley was then allocated to St Margarets shed , to work the Edinburgh - Aberdeen trains , until final shed allocation was to Aberdeen on 20 July 1964 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley received a repaint at Doncaster Works 25 February 1938 , and larger coal space was also provided as the locomotive was displayed at an exhibition in Manchester . Sir Nigel Gresley was also used for the opening of the Rugby testing station from 23 August - 8 October 1948 . 60007 was placed onto the rollers without her tender and run up to high speeds to monitor the coal and water usage of the locomotive .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sir Nigel Gresley is the holder of the postwar steam record speed of gained on 23 May 1959 and carries a plaque to that effect . As with Mallards record , this was descending southward from Stoke Summit , but unlike Mallards run which was a special attempt , this was with a full train of passengers returning from an excursion to Doncaster works . The excursion exceeded on two other occasions on the same day . As the nominated member of the British Transport Commissions Eastern area board , Alan Pegler was on the locomotives footplate that day .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Withdrawn from service by British Railways on 1 February 1966 , it was targeted by the A4 Preservation Society , which was soon renamed the A4 Locomotive Society , to rescue the locomotive from the cutters torch . This was achieved , and the Streak was moved to Crewe for refurbishment . Fellow A4 No 60026 Miles Beevor also subsequently visited the former LMS works after its own withdrawal , and its three pairs of 6 ft 8 in driving wheels were transferred to No . 60007 because they were in a far better condition than those on the newly",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "saved engine .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "For a long period of its preservation , Sir Nigel Gresley was kept at Steamtown Carnforth , at the old locomotive depot . This was a prime location for her mainline operations , being the only mainline A4 after 1973 other than Union of South Africa . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mallards record run on 3 July 1988 , the National Railway Museum assembled three of the four UK-based A4 Pacific locomotives at the museum , the first time this had ever been done in preservation . Early in July 2008 , SNG joined its three",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "sibling-locomotives in the UK for a display at the National Railway Museum in York .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " During 1994 , Sir Nigel Gresley spent some time at the Great Central Railway then at the East Lancashire Railway . The locomotive then moved to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in 1996 , and is now based there . It is owned by Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust Ltd . and operated by the A4 Locomotive Society Ltd . on behalf of the Trust .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Sir Nigel Gresley underwent repair at the North Yorkshire Moors Railway after its winter overhaul in 2009/10 revealed that extensive work and repair was needed on the tubing , and since then the locomotive has had two other significant mechanical failures , though these were also resolved .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " 60007s most recent boiler ticket expired in September 2015 , and the locomotive was therefore withdrawn from service for another overhaul which is being carried out in public view at the National Railway Museum in York . The boiler was sent to the Llangollen Railway for overhaul and was reunited with the locomotive frame on 7 November 2019 .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " Sir Nigel Gresley was the first tender locomotive model released in OO gauge , and produced in both clockwork and 3-rail 12v DC electric forms by Hornby for the launch of their new system in 1938 . It was modelled with a heavy diecast Mazak body and chassis , and finished in contemporary LNER Garter Blue livery with side skirts and tin-plate corridor tender . The casting was modified to remove the sideskirts on commencement of postwar production in 1947 , when realistic Walshacerts valvegear was fitted to reflect the locomotive in early BR ownership .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": "Bachmann released several models of 60007 ; Weathered Single Chimney , Weathered Double Chimney and Pristine double chimney all in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby also released three models ; one with a support coach and one without one , all having double chimneys and in BR Express Passenger Blue . Hornby sold their third model in 2013 for the Great Gathering Range along with the other surviving members of the class .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": " Hornby also marketed an N-gauge model of Sir Nigel Gresley ( as catalogue item N214 ) . This N-gauge model was actually manufactured by Minitrix of ( the then ) West Germany in 1983 , as Minitrix article number 51-2946-00 .",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"text": " - An overall history of the Gresley A4 class , as well as unparalleled details about the class and individual members . - Histories of the A4 and W1 classes of locomotive with details of repairs and liveries etc .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Preservation Trust - Railuk database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe#P39#0
|
What position did Geoffrey Howe take between Oct 1971 and Nov 1972?
|
Geoffrey Howe Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later . Early life . Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh . He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff . A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro . Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society . He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 . Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat . He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report . Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism . Early political career . Backbencher . Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election . Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law . He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 . Shadow Cabinet . In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination . At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute . Thatcher government . Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship . The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term . During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England . The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report . Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes . Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need . Foreign Secretary . After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe . Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs . In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally . Deputy prime minister . In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning . Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax , as a listening government . Relationship with Thatcher . Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate . At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate . Resignation . Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style . Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England . He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure , Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 . Retirement . Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015 . Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London . His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution . Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession . Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack . External links . - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015
|
[
"Solicitor General"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later .",
"title": "Geoffrey Howe"
},
{
"text": " Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": "At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax ,",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "as a listening government .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure ,",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Lords on 19 May 2015 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe#P39#1
|
What position did Geoffrey Howe take between Feb 1974 and Mar 1974?
|
Geoffrey Howe Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later . Early life . Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh . He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff . A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro . Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society . He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 . Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat . He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report . Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism . Early political career . Backbencher . Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election . Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law . He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 . Shadow Cabinet . In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination . At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute . Thatcher government . Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship . The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term . During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England . The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report . Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes . Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need . Foreign Secretary . After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe . Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs . In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally . Deputy prime minister . In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning . Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax , as a listening government . Relationship with Thatcher . Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate . At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate . Resignation . Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style . Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England . He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure , Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 . Retirement . Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015 . Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London . His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution . Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession . Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack . External links . - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015
|
[
"MP for Reigate"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later .",
"title": "Geoffrey Howe"
},
{
"text": " Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": "At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax ,",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "as a listening government .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure ,",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Lords on 19 May 2015 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe#P39#2
|
What position did Geoffrey Howe take between Dec 1975 and May 1978?
|
Geoffrey Howe Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later . Early life . Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh . He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff . A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro . Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society . He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 . Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat . He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report . Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism . Early political career . Backbencher . Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election . Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law . He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 . Shadow Cabinet . In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination . At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute . Thatcher government . Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship . The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term . During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England . The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report . Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes . Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need . Foreign Secretary . After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe . Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs . In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally . Deputy prime minister . In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning . Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax , as a listening government . Relationship with Thatcher . Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate . At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate . Resignation . Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style . Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England . He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure , Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 . Retirement . Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015 . Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London . His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution . Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession . Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack . External links . - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015
|
[
"Chancellor of the Exchequer"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later .",
"title": "Geoffrey Howe"
},
{
"text": " Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": "At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax ,",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "as a listening government .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure ,",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Lords on 19 May 2015 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe#P39#3
|
What position did Geoffrey Howe take in early 1980s?
|
Geoffrey Howe Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later . Early life . Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh . He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff . A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro . Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society . He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 . Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat . He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report . Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism . Early political career . Backbencher . Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election . Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law . He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 . Shadow Cabinet . In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination . At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute . Thatcher government . Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship . The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term . During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England . The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report . Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes . Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need . Foreign Secretary . After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe . Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs . In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally . Deputy prime minister . In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning . Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax , as a listening government . Relationship with Thatcher . Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate . At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate . Resignation . Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style . Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England . He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure , Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 . Retirement . Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015 . Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London . His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution . Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession . Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack . External links . - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015
|
[
"Chancellor of the Exchequer"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later .",
"title": "Geoffrey Howe"
},
{
"text": " Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": "At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax ,",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "as a listening government .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure ,",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Lords on 19 May 2015 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe#P39#4
|
What position did Geoffrey Howe take between Feb 1987 and Oct 1988?
|
Geoffrey Howe Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later . Early life . Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh . He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff . A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro . Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society . He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 . Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat . He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report . Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism . Early political career . Backbencher . Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election . Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law . He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 . Shadow Cabinet . In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination . At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute . Thatcher government . Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship . The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term . During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England . The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report . Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes . Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need . Foreign Secretary . After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe . Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs . In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally . Deputy prime minister . In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning . Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax , as a listening government . Relationship with Thatcher . Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate . At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate . Resignation . Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style . Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England . He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure , Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 . Retirement . Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015 . Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London . His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution . Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession . Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack . External links . - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015
|
[
"Foreign Secretary"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later .",
"title": "Geoffrey Howe"
},
{
"text": " Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": "At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax ,",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "as a listening government .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure ,",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Lords on 19 May 2015 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe#P39#5
|
What position did Geoffrey Howe take between Dec 1989 and Jul 1990?
|
Geoffrey Howe Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later . Early life . Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh . He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff . A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro . Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society . He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 . Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat . He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report . Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism . Early political career . Backbencher . Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election . Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law . He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 . Shadow Cabinet . In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination . At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute . Thatcher government . Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship . The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term . During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England . The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report . Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes . Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need . Foreign Secretary . After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe . Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs . In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally . Deputy prime minister . In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning . Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax , as a listening government . Relationship with Thatcher . Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate . At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate . Resignation . Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style . Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England . He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure , Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 . Retirement . Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015 . Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London . His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution . Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession . Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack . External links . - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015
|
[
"Lord President of the Council"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe , Baron Howe of Aberavon , ( 20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015 ) , known from 1970 to 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe , was a British Conservative politician . Howe was Margaret Thatchers longest-serving Cabinet minister , successively holding the posts of Chancellor of the Exchequer , Foreign Secretary , and finally Leader of the House of Commons , Deputy Prime Minister and Lord President of the Council . His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered by the British press to have precipitated Thatchers own resignation three weeks later .",
"title": "Geoffrey Howe"
},
{
"text": " Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot , Wales , to Benjamin Edward Howe , a solicitor and coroner , and Eliza Florence ( née Thomson ) Howe . He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish , a quarter Cornish and half Welsh .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He was educated at three independent schools : at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion , followed by Abberley Hall School in Worcestershire and by winning an exhibition to Winchester College in Hampshire . Howe was not sporty , joining instead the debating society . It was during wartime , so he was active in the Home Guard at the school , and set up a National Savings group . He was also a keen photographer , and film buff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " A gifted classicist , Howe was offered an exhibition to Trinity Hall , Cambridge in 1945 , but first decided to join the army . He did a six-month course in maths and physics . Then he did National Service as a lieutenant with the Royal Corps of Signals in East Africa , by his own account giving political lectures in Swahili about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to Bwana Kingy George ; and also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a captain , he matriculated at Trinity Hall in 1948 , where he read Law and was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association , and on the committee of the Cambridge Union Society .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1952 and practised in Wales . On 28 August 1953 , Howe married Elspeth , daughter of P . Morton Shand . They had a son and two daughters . At first the valleys practice struggled to pay , surviving thanks to £1,200 gift from his father and a judicious marriage . He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 , and was a council member of the pressure group JUSTICE . A high-earning barrister , he was made a QC in 1965 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Choosing a parallel career in politics , Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in Aberavon at the 1955 and 1959 general elections , losing in a very safe Labour Party seat .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He helped to found the Bow Group , an internal Conservative think tank of young modernisers in the 1950s ; he was one of its first chairmen in 1955–1956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962 . In 1958 , he co-authored the report A Giants Strength published by the Inns of Court Conservative Association . The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their legal privileges ought to be curtailed . Iain Macleod discouraged the authors from publicising the report .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Harold Macmillan believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support . Through a series of Bow Group publications , Howe advanced free market ideas , largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell , which was later to be known as Thatcherism .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority . He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services , being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench , as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy . He was defeated at the 1966 general election .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "Howe returned to the bar . He participated in the 1966 Aberfan Disaster Tribunal , representing the colliery managers . He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan quarter sessions . More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age . In 1969 , he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital , Cardiff . On Howes insistence , the inquirys remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service . The report had a wide impact on",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": "mental health provision in the UK , beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals . But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination , and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women , the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for Reigate from 1970 to 1974 , and East Surrey from 1974 to 1992 . In 1970 , he was appointed Solicitor General in Edward Heaths government and was knighted . He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes . He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry , with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership , a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974 .",
"title": "Backbencher"
},
{
"text": " In 1974 , the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey , and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services . Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election , in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader . She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer . He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto The Right Approach to the Economy through dogged patience and quiet determination .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": "At the same time , Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey went cap in hand to the IMF to ask for a loan as Britain was bankrupt . In 1978 , Healey said that an attack from Howe was like being savaged by a dead sheep . Nevertheless , when Healey was featured on This Is Your Life in 1989 , Howe appeared and paid warm tribute .",
"title": "Shadow Cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Chancellor of the Exchequer . With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election , Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer . His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances , reduce inflation and liberalise the economy . The shift from direct to indirect taxation , the development of a medium-term financial strategy , the abolition of exchange controls and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his Chancellorship .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The first of five budgets , in 1979 , promised to honour Professor Hugh Cleggs report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms , conceding Howes point about concerted action . Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness , devalued pensions , investments , and wages . Thatcher reminded him : On your own head be it , Geoffrey , if anything goes wrong , commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship . Thatchers point was that the vast increase in ( indirect ) taxation and government spending ( notably in public sector pay ) in",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "1979 would lead to terrible consequences – which it did , as unemployment doubled . The financial policy tightened money supply , restricted public sector pay , with the ultimate effect of driving up inflation , at least in the short-term , and unemployment in the medium-term .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "During Thatchers first term the governments poll ratings plummeted , until the Falklands Factor . Howes famous 1981 Budget defied conventional economic wisdom at the time by slowing the rate of inflation at a time of recession . At the time , his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times , who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time , remarking the Budget had no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence . Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere , including",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Mervyn King who later became the Governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was £9.3 billion ( 3.6% GDP ) , and controlling inflation , long-term interest rates would be able to decline , thus re-stimulating the economy . The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in February 1983 . Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983 . The economy slowly climbed out of recession . However , unemployment , already extremely high , was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984 , narrowly avoiding",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "the figure reached during the Great Depression of 13.5% . Some have argued that the budget , although ultimately successful , was nevertheless over the top . Specialist opinions on the question , expressed with 25 years hindsight , are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Unlike Reaganomics , his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts – I never succumbed.. . to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism , which have led some US policymakers so far astray ; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howes tenure . His macro-economic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform . This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power . However , by the time of his last budget shortly before a",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "general election there were early signs of a recovery , which Howe used to justify a cut in taxes .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "Documents released under the British governments 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool , writing that It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey . I cannot help feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether . We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "water flow uphill . Howe later stated that he had not advocated the managed decline policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need .",
"title": "Thatcher government"
},
{
"text": "After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary , a post he held for six years , the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916 . With the quiet determination applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries , interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents . The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev , with whom he believed Thatcher shared extraordinary chemistry . He later looked back on this period ( 1983–1985 ) as his happiest , and most fruitful and productive , engaging with",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "world leaders across the summit table , sharing decisions with Thatcher , including a notable encounter with Caspar Weinberger on 6 September 1982 . Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the end of Communism in Europe .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong , and developed a good working relationship with the United States Secretary of State , George Shultz , mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan . However , Howes tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues , first on South Africa , next on Britains relations with the European Community , and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement . For his staff , Howe was a",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "respected boss ; mild-mannered , polite and courteous , he was assiduous in his attention to detail . However the human rights questions over South African sanctions and trade embargo coupled to his deep concern over Thatchers strident style in Europe , increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos 10 and 11 . On policy objectives they began to drift apart with fatal consequences for the Prime Ministers ambitions . Thatchers dominant style contrasted with his emollience , patience and capacity for negotiation . Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986 , when senior ministers almost forced",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "her to resign , according to Douglas Hurds memoirs .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In June 1989 , Howe and his successor as chancellor , Nigel Lawson , both secretly threatened to resign over Thatchers opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System . Howe supported the ERM both because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as Chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability . She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell , a career diplomat who contrasted to Howes mandarin-style . Howe remarked : She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "brand of advocacy . His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long ; but many considered him to be her successor . One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally .",
"title": "Foreign Secretary"
},
{
"text": "In the following month of July 1989 , the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary , and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons , Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister . In the reshuffle , Howe was also offered , but turned down , the post of Home Secretary . Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect , Howes move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion , especially after Thatchers press secretary Bernard Ingham belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "appointment , saying that the title had no constitutional significance , at his lobby briefing the following morning .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretarys country residence Chevening . The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically – even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor , a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year . During his time as deputy prime minister , Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration , which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax ,",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "as a listening government .",
"title": "Deputy prime minister"
},
{
"text": "Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher , on the advice of Harold Macmillan ( who warned against including the Treasury ) , refused to appoint him to the war cabinet . During his first budget , Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley : The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid . On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983 there were heated exchanges of views in No . 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office . Howe was one of those who persuaded",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Michael Heseltine that on balance it was probably better that he , rather than she , resign during the Westland Affair in 1986 . At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987 , Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan ( Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986 ) . In the following year , Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a Federalist Superstate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "At the Madrid inter-governmental conference the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for ever closer union of political and economic forces . Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989 . Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign ; but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head . Howe resented having to give up the state residence of Chevening , in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council . He deeply",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted . When Lawson resigned it looked like a natural reshuffle , but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle . When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen he found to his surprise that Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it – the ERM had been Howes policy . The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark , instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britains currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "stronger German economy . The option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992 . But at the Rome Summit in October 1990 , Thatcher was said to have exclaimed , in a fit of pique , no , no , no to the Delors Plan , and repeated the governments policy at Paris summit on 18–20 November . She also repeated the no , no , no message in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster . Howe had told Brian Walden ( a former Labour MP ) on ITVs Weekend World , that the government did not",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "oppose the principle of a single currency , which was factually inaccurate .",
"title": "Relationship with Thatcher"
},
{
"text": "Howe tendered his resignation in a famous moment on 1 November . Sometimes mocked as Mogadon man – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatchers government in full view of Prime Ministers Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November . Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented , but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance . His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style ; he advocated a move back towards a more",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues , such as taxation and European integration . Howe represented a kind of moderate whiggery in the party , being educated , lawyerly , and diligent ; while direct , he was conciliatory and collegial in style .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Ministers overall handling of UK relations with the European Community . After largely successful attempts by 10 Downing Street to claim that there were differences only of style , rather than substance , in Howes disagreement with Thatcher on Europe , Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent . In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990 , he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " He offered a striking cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe : He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues : A few days later , Cledwyn Hughes , the Labour leader in the Lords remarked with thinly-disguised pleasure ,",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Although Howe wrote subsequently in his memoir that his intention was only to constrain any shift in European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister , his dramatic speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later . Although Thatcher won most votes in the leadership election , she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright and subsequently withdrew from the contest on 22 November . Five days later , Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "prime minister . The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories , who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the general election in April 1992 .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon , of Tandridge in the County of Surrey . He published his memoirs ( 1994 ) soon after . In the Lords , Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues , and led opposition to the Labour governments plans from 1997 to convert the second chamber into a largely elected body – a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012 . He retired from the House of",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Lords on 19 May 2015 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Following his retirement from the Commons , Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia , including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day , a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J . P . Morgan , and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) , University of London .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "His wife , Elspeth , a former chairman of the Broadcasting Standards Commission , was made a life peer in 2001 . The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right . Lord Howe was a patron of the UK Metric Association and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council . Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour ( CH ) in the 1996 Birthday Honours . He was an honorary fellow of SOAS . From 1996 to 2006 he was president",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow , the former MP , parliamentary private secretary , and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher . He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latters memorial service after Gow was murdered by the IRA in July 1990 . Obituarists noted how Howe was warm and well liked by colleagues , with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics who , according to Andrew Rawnsley of The Observer , was frequently spoken of by fellow",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "politicians as one of the most honest and decent practitioners of their profession .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Howes dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of Jonathan Maitlands 2015 play Dead Sheep . Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliaments oral history project . Howe died at the age of 88 on 9 October 2015 following a suspected heart attack .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " - Obituary , Financial Times , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Guardian , 10 October 2015 - Obituary , The Independent , 11 October 2015 - Obituary , The Telegraph , 12 October 2015 - Obituary , The Times , 11 October 2015",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Silvia_Pinal#P26#0
|
Who was Silvia Pinal 's spouse before Jun 1950?
|
Silvia Pinal Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress . Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) . In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country . Early life . Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City . Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary . Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare . Career . Beginning . Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada . At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal . Film . Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba . In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) . Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano . In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema . Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) . Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández . The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston . Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez . Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) . Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms . Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time . Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema . Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights . Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director . After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared . Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene . At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets . After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) . Stage . Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells . Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico . In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico . In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun . In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City . In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances . In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast . In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage . In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán . As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple . Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre . Television . Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television . In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! . In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America . The program was canceled in 2007 . In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse . Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) . In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) . Politics . Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District . In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater . Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico . Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country . Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico . In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 . Personal life . Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress . Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old . Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) . Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 . In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. . With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila Valero , are both models and actresses . Awards and honors . - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana . - In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú . - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli . - In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema . - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry . - At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize . - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral . Filmography . Television . - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes - Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 ) - Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 ) External links . - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film
|
[
"Rafael Banquells"
] |
[
{
"text": " Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": ". In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": ". The program was canceled in 2007 .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Valero , are both models and actresses .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Silvia_Pinal#P26#1
|
Who was Silvia Pinal 's spouse between Nov 1961 and Feb 1964?
|
Silvia Pinal Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress . Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) . In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country . Early life . Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City . Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary . Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare . Career . Beginning . Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada . At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal . Film . Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba . In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) . Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano . In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema . Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) . Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández . The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston . Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez . Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) . Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms . Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time . Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema . Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights . Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director . After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared . Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene . At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets . After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) . Stage . Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells . Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico . In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico . In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun . In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City . In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances . In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast . In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage . In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán . As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple . Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre . Television . Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television . In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! . In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America . The program was canceled in 2007 . In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse . Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) . In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) . Politics . Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District . In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater . Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico . Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country . Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico . In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 . Personal life . Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress . Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old . Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) . Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 . In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. . With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila Valero , are both models and actresses . Awards and honors . - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana . - In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú . - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli . - In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema . - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry . - At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize . - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral . Filmography . Television . - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes - Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 ) - Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 ) External links . - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film
|
[
"Gustavo Alatriste"
] |
[
{
"text": " Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": ". In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": ". The program was canceled in 2007 .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Valero , are both models and actresses .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Silvia_Pinal#P26#2
|
Who was Silvia Pinal 's spouse between May 1970 and Oct 1971?
|
Silvia Pinal Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress . Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) . In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country . Early life . Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City . Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary . Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare . Career . Beginning . Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada . At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal . Film . Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba . In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) . Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano . In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema . Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) . Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández . The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston . Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez . Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) . Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms . Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time . Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema . Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights . Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director . After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared . Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene . At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets . After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) . Stage . Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells . Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico . In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico . In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun . In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City . In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances . In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast . In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage . In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán . As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple . Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre . Television . Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television . In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! . In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America . The program was canceled in 2007 . In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse . Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) . In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) . Politics . Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District . In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater . Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico . Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country . Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico . In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 . Personal life . Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress . Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old . Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) . Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 . In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. . With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila Valero , are both models and actresses . Awards and honors . - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana . - In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú . - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli . - In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema . - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry . - At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize . - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral . Filmography . Television . - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes - Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 ) - Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 ) External links . - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film
|
[
"Enrique Guzmán"
] |
[
{
"text": " Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": ". In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": ". The program was canceled in 2007 .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Valero , are both models and actresses .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Silvia_Pinal#P26#3
|
Who was Silvia Pinal 's spouse between Apr 1983 and Oct 1994?
|
Silvia Pinal Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress . Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) . In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country . Early life . Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City . Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary . Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare . Career . Beginning . Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada . At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal . Film . Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba . In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) . Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano . In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema . Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) . Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández . The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston . Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez . Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) . Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms . Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time . Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema . Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights . Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director . After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared . Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene . At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets . After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) . Stage . Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells . Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico . In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico . In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun . In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City . In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances . In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast . In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage . In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán . As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple . Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre . Television . Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television . In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! . In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America . The program was canceled in 2007 . In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse . Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) . In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) . Politics . Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District . In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater . Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico . Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country . Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico . In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 . Personal life . Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress . Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old . Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) . Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 . In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. . With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila Valero , are both models and actresses . Awards and honors . - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana . - In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú . - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli . - In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema . - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry . - At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize . - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral . Filmography . Television . - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes - Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 ) - Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 ) External links . - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film
|
[
"Tulio Hernández Gómez"
] |
[
{
"text": " Silvia Verónica Pinal Hidalgo ( born 12 September 1931 ) is a Mexican film , theater and television actress .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Pinal began her career in the theater , venturing into cinema in 1949 . Pinal reached popularity during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema . Her film work and popularity in her native country led her to work in Europe ( Spain and Italy ) . Pinal achieved international recognition by starring in a famous film trilogy by director Luis Buñuel : Viridiana ( 1961 ) , El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) and Simón del desierto ( 1965 ) .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her outstanding career in film , Pinal has also excelled in other areas . She was a pioneer of the Musical theatre in Mexico in addition to venturing into television , as an actress and producer . At one point in her life , Pinal also ventured into politics and held some public office in her native country .",
"title": "Silvia Pinal"
},
{
"text": "Silvia Pinal Hidalgo was born in Guaymas , Sonora , Mexico , on 12 September 1931 . Her parents were María Luisa Hidalgo Aguilar and Moisés Pasquel . Pasquel was an orchestra conductor at the Mexican radio station XEW . Silvias mother became pregnant with Pasquel when she was only 15 years old . Her father did not recognize her and Silvia did not knew him until she was 11 years old . On the part of her biological father , Silvia had three more brothers : Eugenio , Moisés and Virginia . however , Pinal never spent time with",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the Pasquel family . Pinal spent her first years behind the counter of a seafood restaurant located near the XEW where her mother worked . When Pinal was five years old , her mother married Luis G . Pinal , whom they called El Caballero Pinal , a journalist , military man and politician twenty years older than her . Pinal recognized Silvia as his daughter . Mr . Pinal had three more daughters from a previous marriage : Mercedes , Beatriz and Eugenia . Her adoptive father held several public positions in Mexico . He was municipal president of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Tequisquiapan , Querétaro . The family lived in several cities of Mexico as Querétaro , Acapulco , Monterrey , Chilpancingo , Cuernavaca and Puebla , finally settled in Mexico City .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Pinal was fascinated by show business since she was a child . In addition to film and music , she liked to write and recite poems . She studied first at Pestalozzi College in Cuernavaca , and then at the Washington Institute in Mexico City . Despite her artistic aspirations , her father conditioned her to study something useful and therefore she learned typing . At age 14 she started working at Kodak as a secretary .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Silvia wanted to study opera . She began to prepare taking classes with a private teacher and then with Professor Reyes Retana . Her first step towards fame occurred when she was invited to participate in a beauty pageant . In this contest Silvia obtained the title of Student Princess of Mexico . In her coronation she met the actors Rubén Rojo and Manolo Fábregas , with whom she became close friends . While studying bel canto , Silvia went to work as a secretary in the pharmaceutical laboratories Carlos Stein . At the music academy , Silvia auditioned for",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "a role in the opera La Traviata . However , this hearing was a failure . Then her teacher encouraged her to take acting courses in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . In that academy , she was a classmate of figures such as Carlos Pellicer , Salvador Novo and Xavier Villaurrutia . She debuted as an extra in a performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Silvia continued working in the pharmaceutical products firm , in her advertising department . Her boss , knowing that she was studying acting , gave her the opportunity to participate in the recording of some radio comedies in the XEQ . She debuted in the comedy Dos pesos la dejada .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "At the radio station , she met some publicists , who invited her to be part of an experimental company . She made her debut in that company with a role in the play Los Caprichos de Goya . The director of this work was the Mexican actor and director , of Cuban origin Rafael Banquells , with whom Silvia began an employment relationship and a close friendship that led to romance . Rafael Banquells got the master Carlos Laverne to allow them to use the Ideal Theater of Mexico City for their productions . Laverne chose Silvia to participate",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "in a montage with the company of the Ideal Theater , directed by the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch . The work was called Nuestra Natacha . Silvia acted in numerous works for this company . Her first star work was Un sueño de cristal .",
"title": "Beginning"
},
{
"text": "Just fifteen days after she debuted in the theater , Pinal made her debut in the cinema with a brief role in the film Bamba ( 1949 ) , starring Carmen Montejo and directed by Miguel Contreras Torres . Contreras Torres had seen her work at the Ideal Theatre and invited her to take part in the project . Contreras Torres was a tough and strict director who made Pinal suffer for her inexperience . Eventually , in that same year , she performed in the film El pecado de Laura , directed by Julián Soler and starring Meche Barba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": ". In that film she worked for the first time in cinema with Rafael Banquells , who at that time was already her husband . Immediately she made another small role in the film Escuela para casadas , by Miguel Zacarías . Silvia met and worked for the first time with the popular actor and singer Pedro Infante in the film La mujer que yo perdí . The actor and comedian Cantinflas ( her wedding godfather ) , chose Pinal as his co-star in the film The Doorman ( 1949 ) , which was a very big step for the",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "young and new actress . But her first solid step towards popularity was her participation in the comedy El rey del barrio ( 1949 ) , where she formed a great comedic pair with Germán Valdés Tin-Tán , directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares . Pinal and Tin Tán acted together in two more films : La marca del zorrillo ( 1950 ) and Me traes de un ala ( 1952 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal participated in small roles in several more films . Pinal received her first major recognition , her first Silver Ariel Award as a co-starring actress , for her performance in the film Un rincón cerca del cielo ( 1952 ) , where she worked again with Pedro Infante . In 1952 , she performed with Joaquín Pardavé in the comedies Doña Mariquita de mi corazón ] and El casto Susano .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "In 1953 , Pinal signed a contract with the FILMEX studios of Gregorio Walerstein , who gave her first stellar works in the films Reventa de esclavas ( 1953 ) and Yo soy muy macho ( 1953 ) . In that same year , she made her first musical work with the film Mis tres viudas alegres , where she shared credits with Lilia del Valle and the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar . The success of the film led the three actresses to star , that same year , in the comedy Las cariñosas . In that same year ,she",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "acted with Libertad Lamarque in Si volvieras a mí",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved success and recognition in 1954 , after participating in the film Un extraño en la escalera , directed by Tulio Demicheli , and starring opposite Arturo de Córdova . De Córdova wanted as his co-stars the Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida or the Cuban rumbera Rosa Carmina , because he distrusted Pinal due to her youth . With the support of the producer Gregorio Walerstein , Silvia made a change of image , highlighting her sex appeal , which helped her to be approved by De Cordova for the film . The film was filmed in Havana , Cuba",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "and it was a remarkable blockbuster , which consecrates Pinal as the first figure in the cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Another director who knew how to make the most of Silvias histrionic abilities was Alberto Gout . Under the baton of Gout , Silvia made the film La sospechosa ( 1954 ) . Another outstanding movie in which Pinal participates is Historia de un abrigo de mink ( 1954 ) ,an episodic film that Pinal co-stars with the actresses María Elena Marqués , Columba Domínguez and Irasema Dilián . With Tito Davison as director , Pinal also filmed the Mexican-Spanish-Chilean co-production Cabo de Hornos ( 1955 ) , along with the actor Jorge Mistral . Pinal worked again with Pedro",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Infante , this time as his co-star in the famous comedy El inocente ( 1955 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal starred in several films by Tulio Demicheli . Among the most outstanding is Locura pasional ( 1955 ) , which would bring her first Silver Ariel award as best actress . The second was thanks to her role in the film La dulce enemiga ( 1957 ) , directed by Tito Davison . In 1956 , Pinal starred in the film Una cita de amor ( 1956 ) , where she worked for the first and only time under the direction of the director Emilio Fernández .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "The popularity and success of Pinal in Mexico opened the doors for her to work in Europe following the advice of Tulio Demicheli . Her first work in the Old Continent is in the Spanish-Mexican co-production Las locuras de Bárbara ( 1958 ) , directed by Demicheli . From the hand of Demicheli Silvia starred in Spain the musical film Charleston .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Given the success of her films in Europe , Silvia was invited to work in Italy , where she also served as producer of the film Men and Noblemen ( 1959 ) , which she starred next to Vittorio de Sica and Elke Sommer . Under the direction of José María Forqué , Silvia starred in Spain in the film Maribel y la extraña familia ( 1960 ) . In 1961 she filmed the Spanish musical film Adiós , Mimí Pompom , next to Fernando Fernán Gómez .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal achieved international acclaim through a trilogy of films that marked the end of the Mexican era of the Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel . Pinal had her first contact with Buñuel through Mexican actor Ernesto Alonso , with the firm intention of starring in the film version of the novel Tristana . However , the little commercial success of Buñuels films prevented the producers from financing the project , which ended up collapsing ( Buñuel filmed the film years later in Spain with Catherine Deneuve ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal , with the help of her second husband , producer Gustavo Alatriste , looked for Buñuel in Spain and convinced him to film Viridiana ( 1961 ) . This , without a doubt , is her most famous film . She was co-starred by Francisco Rabal and Fernando Rey , and was the winner of the Palme dOr at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival . Despite the success and prestige enjoyed by the film , it was at the time , rejected by the Spanish censorship and the Vatican , accusing it of blasphemy . The",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Spanish government ordered its destruction . Through the intervention of Pinal , who fled with a copy to Mexico , the film was saved . In Mexico , Vatican censorship had also resonated . However , with the help of Salvador Novo , the film premiered in some rooms .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Her second film with Buñuel was El ángel exterminador ( 1962 ) , which Pinal starred in with a choral cast . The film also received critical acclaim worldwide . In 2004 , the New York Times recognized it among the best films of all time .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Her third and last project with Buñuel was Simón del desierto ( 1964 ) . The film , misrepresented as a medium-length film , was originally conceived to be an episodic film . Pinal and Gustavo Alatriste looked for Federico Fellini to direct a second episode , but Fellini accepted with the condition that his wife , Giulietta Masina , starred in it . Jules Dassin was then sought , who likewise accepted on the condition that it was starred by his wife Melina Mercouri . Pinal also rejected this request . The idea was that Pinal starred in all",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "the episodes of the film , so the project ended up filming only with Buñuel . In the film Pinal also made the first nude appearance of her career , something still rare in Mexican cinema and also the first naked scenes of Buñuels cinema .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Pinal was also on the verge of starring with Buñuel in the film Diary of a Chambermaid , in France . Pinal learned French and was willing to charge nothing for her participation . However , the French producer Serge Silberman ended up choosing Jeanne Moreau . Even so , Silvia Pinal ( along with Lilia Prado ) , who is the actress with whom Buñuel worked with the most , made a total of three classic films . Pinal was also going to shoot with Buñuel in Spain on Divinas palabras , but there were problems with copyrights .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Years later , Pinal was finally able to do it in Mexico with another director .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "After her work with Buñuel , Pinal returned to the cinema with the comedy Buenas noches , Año Nuevo ( 1965 ) , where she alternated with Ricardo Montalbán . In 1966 she made the mythical film La soldadera , directed by José Bolaños and inspired by the events of the Mexican Revolution . In that same year she participated in the Mexican-Brazilian co-production Juego peligroso , directed by Luis Alcoriza and based on a script by Gabriel García Márquez . She also appeared in the Franco-Italian-Mexican co-production La bataille de san sebastian , along with Anthony Quinn and Charles",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Bronson . In 1967 Pinal films Shark! , together Burt Reynolds and directed by Samuel Fuller . This is the only Hollywood production in which Pinal has appeared .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal achieved a huge blockbuster with the film María Isabel ( 1968 ) , based on a popular cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché . Between the late 1960s and early 1970s , Pinal mainly made comic films directed by the filmmaker René Cardona Jr. . In 1976 , Pinal starred in Las mariposas disecadas , a thriller of psychological suspense . In 1977 she finally starred in the controversial film Divinas palabras ( 1977 ) , directed by Juan Ibáñez , a film where she made an integral nude scene .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties , Silvia filmed some films in Spain , Italy and Argentina as part of a project by Televisa to unify the Spanish and Latin American markets .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " After ten years of absence in the cinema , Silvia returned in 1992 with the tape Modelo antiguo , directed by Raúl Araiza . The decline of Mexican cinema and the activity of Silvia on television and other media ( such as politics ) , made her practically withdraw from the big screen . In recent years , her film appearances are limited to films Ya no los hacen como antes ( 2002 ) , and a brief special appearance on the movie Tercera llamada ( 2013 ) .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Pinal made her debut at the theater in the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes . Eventually she did experimental plays , to then work at the Ideal Theater in Mexico City , in the company of the Spanish actress Isabelita Blanch , where she was directed in numerous productions by Rafael Banquells .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Outside of this company , in 1950 participates in the playCelos del aire , with Manolo Fábregas and Carmen Montejo . In that same year she represented Doña Inés in Don Juan Tenorio , next to Jorge Mistral . Of her most outstanding plays from the beginning of her career stand out The Madwoman of Chaillot , next to Prudencia Griffel and El cuadrante de la soledad , by José Revueltas , with sets by the artist Diego Rivera . In 1954 , Pinal participates in the play La Sed , with Ernesto Alonso and the Argentinean actor Pedro López",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Lagar . In 1955 she obtained the recognition in the theater scene in the assembly Anna Christie , along with Wolf Ruvinskis . In 1957 Silvia staged the play Desnúdate , Lucrecia , in Chile , next to Jorge Mistral , who eventually starred in the cinema in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Pinal was responsible for producing in Mexico the first Musical comedy Bells Are Ringing , directed by Luis de Llano Palmer . For this work , Pinal had an offer to work on Broadway with the manager of Judy Holliday , but Pinal refused to cut her career in Mexico .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1964 she made the Mexican version of the musical Irma La Douce , alongside Julio Alemán and directed by Enrique Rambal . José Luis Ibáñez will end up becoming her head theater director . Under the baton of Ibañez , Pinal starred in the work Vidas privadas . One of her most memorable works in musical comedy , was the Mexican version of Mame , successful Broadway musical , which thanks to her success , Pinal rode three times ( 1972 , 1985 and 1989 ) . In 1976 he also starred in the musical Annie Get Your Gun",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1977 , to commemorate her twenty-five year career , Pinal set up her own cabaret show entitled ¡Felicidades Silvia! . The show was presented with great success , first at the nightclub El Patio , and then at the Teatro de la Ciudad in Mexico City .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , she starred in the musical Plaza Suite . The death of her daughter Viridiana , truncated the theatrical project Agnes of God , which starred together in 1982 . In 1983 , Pinal starred in and produced the Mexican montage of the work La señorita de Tacna , based on the work of Mario Vargas Llosa . In 1985 , while serving as First Lady of the state of Tlaxcala , Pinal remodeled the Xicohténcatl Theater , which reopened with the assembly The memories of the Divine Sarah . In 1986 , Pinal starred in the work",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "Anna Karenina , which despite the success obtained , was not to the liking of the actress , and the assembly only reached 100 performances .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1988 , in association with Margarita López Portillo , Pinal acquired the Cine Estadio , located in Colonia Roma in Mexico City , transforming it into its own theatrical venue , the Silvia Pinal Theater , a space dedicated mainly to musical comedy . which Pinal was free to set up her own productions . The Silvia Pinal Theater was inaugurated in 1989 with the third representation of the musical Mame , with Pinal at the head of the cast .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "In 1992 , Pinal acquired the former Cine Versalles , located in Colonia Juárez in Mexico City and turned it into his second theater , the Diego Rivera Theater . The Diego Rivera Theater was inaugurated in 1991 with the assembly Lettice and Lovage .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " In 1996 , Silvia returned to the musical theater with the second Mexican version of Hello , Dolly! , opposite Ignacio López Tarso . The last work that Pinal starred in her previous theater was Gypsy ( 1998 ) , starring alongside her daughter , the singer Alejandra Guzmán .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": "As a producer , she was responsible for making the Mexican versions of the musicals A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) , Cats ( 1991 ) and La Cage aux Folles ( 1992 ) . Unfortunately , several problems caused Pinal to close the Silvia Pinal Theater , which stopped functioning in 2000 to become a religious temple .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal returned to the theater in 2002 with the play Debiera haber obispas . In recent dates she has also participated in productions such as Adorables enemigas ( 2008 ) and Amor , dolor y lo que puesto ( 2012 ) . In 2014 , the Diego Rivera Theater changed its name to become the new Silvia Pinal Theatre .",
"title": "Stage"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in television since its appearance in Mexico in the early 1950s . In 1952 , she participated in her television show titled Con los brazos abiertos . Eventually she participates in numerous telecasts , produced by Luis de Llano Palmer . Thats where Pinal first introduced the use of playback on Mexican television .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In the mid-sixties , Silvia staged her own comic-musical show on Televisa entitled Los especiales de Silvia Pinal . When Silvia married the actor and singer Enrique Guzmán , both produced and starred in the variety show Silvia y Enrique ( a comedy-musical program in the style of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour ) , which presented during four years ( 1968–1972 ) with a great success . Once separated from Guzmán , Silvia continued with her variety show titled ¡Ahora Silvia!! .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In 1985 , she became a producer and presenter of the TV show Mujer , casos de la vida real . Initially , the show was created to respond to cases and needs of the public focused on locating victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City . With the passage of time , the show evolved to present current issues and daily life that included from domestic violence to legal issues and public health . This production was a success and lasted more than 20 years transmitting in Mexico , Spain , Italy and several countries in Latin America",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": ". The program was canceled in 2007 .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 Silvia also participated in a chapter of the series Mujeres asesinas . In 1968 , Pinal makes his debut in telenovelas with the historical telenovela Los caudillos , inspired by the events of the War of Independence of Mexico . The telenovela was produced by Ernesto Alonso . Her second foray into the genre was with the telenovela ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) , produced by Guillermo Diazayas and based on a cartoon by Yolanda Vargas Dulché .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "Eventually , Silvia decided to produce her own telenovelas , her first hit being Mañana es primavera ( 1982 ) , the last acting work of her daughter Viridiana , before dying . In 1985 he also produced and starred in Eclipse .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Her last works in television have been in special participations in various telenovelas and television series . The most relevant ones are Carita de ángel ( 2000 ) , in which she went on to replace the actress Libertad Lamarque , who at the time of her death left her character unfinished in this childhood melodrama ) , Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) , Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) and Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In addition to the aforementioned telenovelas that she starred , Pinal also produced the melodramas Cuando los hijos van ( 1983 ) and Tiempo de amar ( 1987 ) .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " Pinal dabbled in the world of politics as a result of her fourth marriage , with the politician Tulio Hernández Gómez , who was governor of the State of Tlaxcala . Between 1981 and 1987 , Pinal was the First Lady of that state . Eventually she became a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and was elected to federal deputy in 1991 . Later , she became a senator and member of the Asamblea de Representantes del Federal District .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In these positions , Pinal had some achievements . Among the most outstanding are to achieve that the Cinematographic Law contemplate the right of interpreter , worked on the Law of Condominiums and the Law of Tourism , did tasks in favor of ecology , promoted the dissemination of theater books and fought for the Ministry of Finance to lower taxes on the theater .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Since the fifties , Pinal actively participated in trade union movements of the actors of his country . She was part of the group Rosa Mexicano , founded by Dolores del Río . Between 1988 and 1995 , Pinal became a leader of the National Association of Interpreters ( A.N.D.I. ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "Pinal had problems with justice in the year 2000 due to problems in her management as leader of the Association of Theater Producers ( Protea ) in the early 1990s . For this reason the actress lived some time in Miami , United States . After eleven months , the actress was declared innocent and returned to her country .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Between 2010 and 2014 , Pinal also served as General Secretary of the Screen Actors Guild of México ( ANDA ) of Mexico .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "In an attempt to protect the mature actors , she became the founder of the Asociación Rafael Banquells , in charge of providing non-profit help to the interpreters . As president of the association , Pinal is in charge of the delivery of the Bravo Awards to the highlights in music , film , theater , radio , television , dubbing and commercial realization during the year . The awards are given annually since 1991 .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Pinal has been married four times . Her first marriage was with the actor and director Rafael Banquells , who was her first formal boyfriend . Pinal married Banquells in 1947 . Pinal acknowledges that her marriage at such an early age was partly due to escape from her fathers repression : I changed my father for a softer one that stimulated me in my career . The couple divorced in 1952 , a year after the birth of their daughter , Sylvia Pasquel , who later consolidated an outstanding career as an actress .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her second marriage was with the businessman and film producer Gustavo Alatriste . Pinal has revealed on numerous occasions that Alatriste was the love of her life , a husband with whom she could have stayed forever . Silvia met Alatriste at a meeting at Ernesto Alonsos house when he was about to divorce the actress Ariadne Welter . It was thanks to Alatriste that Pinal was able to make her film projects with Luis Buñuel . The marriage ended in 1967 due to Alatristes infidelities and business problems between the couple . Of her relationship with Alatriste was born",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "a daughter , also actress Viridiana Alatriste ( born in 1963 ) . Unfortunately , Viridiana died tragically in a car accident in Mexico City in 1982 , only 19 years old .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Her third marriage was with the popular singer and idol of Rock and roll Enrique Guzmán . Pinal and Guzmán met when he came as a guest on the Pinals television show ¡Ahora Silvia! . Pinal and Guzmán were married in 1967 despite some resistance from Pinal being 11 years older than her husband . Their marriage lasted nine years . They worked together and procreated two children : the popular singer Alejandra Guzmán ( born in 1968 ) and the musician and composer Luis Enrique Guzmán ( born in 1970 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her last marriage was with the politician , and then governor of the state of Tlaxcala , Tulio Hernández Gómez . The couple married in 1982 . It was through Hernández that Pinal entered the world of politics . Pinal and Hernandez divorced in 1995 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In addition to her marriages , at various times in her life , Pinal held various romances . In 1954 , when filming Un extraño en la escalera , Pinal fell in love with her co-star , the actor Arturo de Córdova . Others of her romances were with the Mexican businessman Emilio Azcárraga Milmo , the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif and with the American businessman Conrad Nicholson Hilton , Jr. .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "With the passage of time , Silvia Pinal has become the head of one of the most famous artistic dynasties in Latin America . Her daughters Sylvia and Viridiana followed in her footsteps as an actress . The youngest of her daughters , Alejandra , is one of the most popular singers in Mexico . Alejandra’s daughter Frida Sofia is also a model , currently living in Miami Fl . In addition , her granddaughter Stephanie Salas ( daughter of Sylvia ) has also forged a career as an actress and singer . Stephanies daughters , Michelle Salas and Camila",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Valero , are both models and actresses .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - In 1954 , the beer Corona , sent an advertisement that included a song in which they mentioned to Silvia next to the Italian divas Gina Lollobrigida , Silvana Mangano and Silvana Pampanini . - In 1955 , Pinal was immortalized in a portrait by the famous painter Diego Rivera , who occupies a special place in the Pinal residence in Mexico City . - In addition to Rivera , Silvia has also been painted by other artists such as Oswaldo Guayasamín , Mario Chávez Marión , Sylvia Pardo and General Ignacio Beteta Quintana .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 1978 , Silvia posed naked in a photo shoot of the Spanish magazine Interviú .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia is represented as one of the Seven Muses of Art in a stained glass window of Xicohténcatl Theatre in Tlaxcala . - When her daughter Alejandra Guzmán launched as a singer in 1989 , she dedicated a controversial song to her mother titled Bye Mama and included in her debut album . - In 2002 , Pinal was recognized when a statue in her honor in Mexico City . The work was done by renowned sculptor Ricardo Ponzanelli .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- In 2006 , Pinal was awarded in Spain with the Orden de Isabel la Católica in the grade of Commander for her cultural contribution to the world of cinema .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2013 , Silvia Pinal was honored by the Wax Museum of Mexico City to unveil a figure in her honor . - In 2015 , Silvia Pinal published her autobiographical book entitled Esta soy yo . - In 2016 , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Hollywood chose Pinal as one of its members in recognition of her long career and contribution to the international film industry .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "- At some point , Matt Casella , a headhunter for DreamWorks , looked for Pinal to make a biographical series about her life . However , the project did not materialize .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - In 2019 , Televisa produces a television series based on the Pinals life . The series is titled Silvia Pinal , frente a ti , and Pinal is portrayed by Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " - Relatos macabrones ( 2020 ) as Doña Teresa - Juntos el corazón nunca se equivoca ( 2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Corcega - Silvia Pinal , frente a ti ( 2019 ) as Herself - Mi marido tiene familia ( 2017–2019 ) as Doña Imelda Sierra Vda . de Córcega - Un refugio para el amor ( 2012 ) as Herself - Una familia con suerte ( 2011 ) as Herself - Soy tu dueña ( 2010 ) as Isabel Rangel Vda . de Dorantes",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es para siempre ( 2009 ) as Herself",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Fuego en la sangre ( 2008 ) as Santa Margarita Lorenza Vda . de Gómez - Una familia de diez ( 2007-2019 ) as Herself - Amor sin maquillaje ( 2007 ) as Herself - Aventuras en el tiempo ( 2001 ) as Silvia - Carita de ángel ( 2000-2001 ) as Mother Lucía - El privilegio de amar ( 1998 ) - Lazos de amor ( 1995 ) as Herself - Mujer , casos de la vida real ( 1986-2007 ) as Host - Eclipse ( 1984 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "- Mañana es primavera ( 1983 ) as Amanda González de Serrano",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Y ahora , ¿qué ? ( 1980 ) - ¿Quién ? ( 1973 ) - Los caudillos ( 1968 ) as Jimena - Al rojo vivo Stage ( producer ) . - A Chorus Line ( 1989 ) - Cats ( 1991 ) - La Cage aux Folles ( 1993 )",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " - Silvia Pinal at the telenovela database - Silvia Pinal at the cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM - Silvia Pinal at the Mexican Academy of Film",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jackie_McNamara#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Jackie McNamara belong to in May 1993?
|
Jackie McNamara Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career . McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle . In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup . McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant . Early life . McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United . Club career . Dunfermline Athletic . McNamara joined Dunfermline Athletic from Gairdoch United on 17 September 1991 . Celtic . McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final . McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement . McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines . McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic . Wolverhampton Wanderers . McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs . Aberdeen . McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season . Falkirk . McNamara signed a two-year contract at Falkirk in May 2008 . Partick Thistle . McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis . International career . Under-21 . McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 . Senior . McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 . Management career . Partick Thistle . McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and Dundee United defender . Dundee United . McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 . McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong . Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later . York City . McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League . Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 . Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic . Personal life . McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager . McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Falkirk - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2008–09 Individual - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004 Manager . Dundee United - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15
|
[
"Dunfermline Athletic"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs .",
"title": "Wolverhampton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 .",
"title": "Under-21"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 .",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Dundee United defender .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": "Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15",
"title": "Dundee United"
}
] |
/wiki/Jackie_McNamara#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Jackie McNamara belong to in Jan 1994?
|
Jackie McNamara Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career . McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle . In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup . McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant . Early life . McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United . Club career . Dunfermline Athletic . McNamara joined Dunfermline Athletic from Gairdoch United on 17 September 1991 . Celtic . McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final . McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement . McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines . McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic . Wolverhampton Wanderers . McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs . Aberdeen . McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season . Falkirk . McNamara signed a two-year contract at Falkirk in May 2008 . Partick Thistle . McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis . International career . Under-21 . McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 . Senior . McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 . Management career . Partick Thistle . McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and Dundee United defender . Dundee United . McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 . McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong . Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later . York City . McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League . Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 . Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic . Personal life . McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager . McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Falkirk - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2008–09 Individual - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004 Manager . Dundee United - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15
|
[
"Scotland national under-21 team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs .",
"title": "Wolverhampton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 .",
"title": "Under-21"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 .",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Dundee United defender .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": "Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15",
"title": "Dundee United"
}
] |
/wiki/Jackie_McNamara#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Jackie McNamara belong to between Jan 2001 and Feb 2003?
|
Jackie McNamara Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career . McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle . In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup . McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant . Early life . McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United . Club career . Dunfermline Athletic . McNamara joined Dunfermline Athletic from Gairdoch United on 17 September 1991 . Celtic . McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final . McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement . McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines . McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic . Wolverhampton Wanderers . McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs . Aberdeen . McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season . Falkirk . McNamara signed a two-year contract at Falkirk in May 2008 . Partick Thistle . McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis . International career . Under-21 . McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 . Senior . McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 . Management career . Partick Thistle . McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and Dundee United defender . Dundee United . McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 . McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong . Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later . York City . McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League . Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 . Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic . Personal life . McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager . McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Falkirk - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2008–09 Individual - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004 Manager . Dundee United - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15
|
[
"Celtic"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs .",
"title": "Wolverhampton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 .",
"title": "Under-21"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 .",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Dundee United defender .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": "Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15",
"title": "Dundee United"
}
] |
/wiki/Jackie_McNamara#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Jackie McNamara belong to between Dec 2005 and Dec 2006?
|
Jackie McNamara Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career . McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle . In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup . McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant . Early life . McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United . Club career . Dunfermline Athletic . McNamara joined Dunfermline Athletic from Gairdoch United on 17 September 1991 . Celtic . McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final . McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement . McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines . McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic . Wolverhampton Wanderers . McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs . Aberdeen . McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season . Falkirk . McNamara signed a two-year contract at Falkirk in May 2008 . Partick Thistle . McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis . International career . Under-21 . McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 . Senior . McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 . Management career . Partick Thistle . McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and Dundee United defender . Dundee United . McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 . McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong . Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later . York City . McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League . Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 . Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic . Personal life . McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager . McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Falkirk - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2008–09 Individual - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004 Manager . Dundee United - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs .",
"title": "Wolverhampton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 .",
"title": "Under-21"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 .",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Dundee United defender .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": "Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15",
"title": "Dundee United"
}
] |
/wiki/Jackie_McNamara#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Jackie McNamara belong to between Mar 2007 and Jun 2007?
|
Jackie McNamara Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career . McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle . In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup . McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant . Early life . McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United . Club career . Dunfermline Athletic . McNamara joined Dunfermline Athletic from Gairdoch United on 17 September 1991 . Celtic . McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final . McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement . McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines . McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic . Wolverhampton Wanderers . McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs . Aberdeen . McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season . Falkirk . McNamara signed a two-year contract at Falkirk in May 2008 . Partick Thistle . McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis . International career . Under-21 . McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 . Senior . McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 . Management career . Partick Thistle . McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and Dundee United defender . Dundee United . McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 . McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong . Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later . York City . McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League . Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 . Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic . Personal life . McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager . McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Falkirk - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2008–09 Individual - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004 Manager . Dundee United - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15
|
[
"Aberdeen"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs .",
"title": "Wolverhampton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 .",
"title": "Under-21"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 .",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Dundee United defender .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": "Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15",
"title": "Dundee United"
}
] |
/wiki/Jackie_McNamara#P54#5
|
Which team did the player Jackie McNamara belong to in Oct 2008?
|
Jackie McNamara Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career . McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle . In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup . McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant . Early life . McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United . Club career . Dunfermline Athletic . McNamara joined Dunfermline Athletic from Gairdoch United on 17 September 1991 . Celtic . McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final . McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement . McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines . McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic . Wolverhampton Wanderers . McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs . Aberdeen . McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season . Falkirk . McNamara signed a two-year contract at Falkirk in May 2008 . Partick Thistle . McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis . International career . Under-21 . McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 . Senior . McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 . Management career . Partick Thistle . McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and Dundee United defender . Dundee United . McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 . McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong . Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later . York City . McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League . Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 . Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic . Personal life . McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager . McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Falkirk - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2008–09 Individual - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004 Manager . Dundee United - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15
|
[
"Falkirk"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jackie McNamara ( born 24 October 1973 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and executive , and former player . He is a former Scotland international , who filled a variety of defensive roles in his playing career .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic before joining Celtic in 1995 . During ten years at the club he won the Scottish Premier League title four times and the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup three times each . He then played in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers before returning to Scotland , finishing his career with spells at Aberdeen , Falkirk and Partick Thistle .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " In international football , McNamara played for Scotland at under-21 and B international levels , and made 33 full international appearances . He was a member of the Scotland squad that played at the 1998 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved into management with Partick Thistle in April 2011 , before his appointment at Dundee United in January 2013 . He was sacked by Dundee United in September 2015 , and two months later took over as manager of York City . He then worked as chief executive at York City . He is currently working with Dunfermline Athletic as a consultant .",
"title": "Jackie McNamara"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was born at Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow and is the son of Jackie McNamara Sr. , a former professional footballer , and Linda Houston . He played youth football for Cumbernauld Colts and Falkirk-based Gairdoch United .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara moved to Celtic for a £600,000 fee on 3 October 1995 . He made an impressive start to his Celtic career , being named PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year in 1996 . McNamara won his first trophy with the club in the 1997–98 season when Celtic won the Scottish Premier Division , preventing arch-rivals Rangers from winning ten-in-a-row , which would have seen them eclipse Celtics record of nine-in-a-row . He was recognised for his performances this season by his fellow players when being named the PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year in 1998 . He",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "featured regularly in the Celtic first eleven until the arrival of Martin ONeill in the 2000–01 season saw him become more of a fringe player , although he did score the opening goal in the 2001 Scottish Cup Final , a 3–0 win over Hibernian at Hampden Park . He was suspended for their 3–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Hampden Park in the 2001 Scottish League Cup Final .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamara re-established himself in the team in 2003–04 and was awarded the SFWA Footballer of the Year in 2004 , beating off competition from his teammates Henrik Larsson and Chris Sutton . The following year McNamara was named captain when Paul Lambert was injured . McNamara proved himself a consistent and reliable performer on the field , playing almost every game in the league in the 2004–05 season . To reward his loyalty to the club over a ten-year period , Celtic played a testimonial match against the Republic of Ireland . At the end of the 2004–05 season Martin",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "ONeill left as manager and Celtic brought in Gordon Strachan as his replacement .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras contract was also due to expire at the end of the 2004–05 season . Strachan assured McNamara that he wanted him at the club but Celtic were slow to offer a new contract , waiting until the close season to do so . By that time McNamara had already accepted an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers as he had assumed Celtic no longer wanted his services . As he went on record saying he still wanted to play for the club , he was told he was still needed by the club by its manager , and he was offered",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "the contract he wanted while still in a position to accept it , the incident has caused much speculation amongst supporters and the media as to who was to blame for his departure from Celtic . The club accused McNamara of being unreasonable and of moving for monetary reasons . They also blamed his agent for not encouraging negotiations and setting unhelpful deadlines .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara had gone on record as saying he wanted to end his career with Celtic and seemed to be bemused when no new contract was forthcoming . After he had accepted the Wolves offer , McNamara felt that Celtic showed a lack of respect to him in their comments to the media and he accused them of harming his reputation for their own benefit . It also emerged that in his new contract at Wolves , he was earning the same wages as his previous contract with Celtic .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " McNamara agreed with manager Glenn Hoddle that he would join Wolverhampton Wanderers in the summer of 2005 on a free transfer . After a promising start to his Wolves career , the player sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury in the home match with Leicester City in September 2005 . He came back in the penultimate game of the 2005–06 season at home to Brighton & Hove Albion . McNamara was a regular fixture in the 2006–07 Wolves team who finished 5th in the Football League Championship , reaching the play-offs .",
"title": "Wolverhampton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " McNamara joined Aberdeen from Wolves on a two-year contract in May 2007 , but he left Pittodrie before the end of the season , with manager Jimmy Calderwood citing travelling and injuries as the reasons for his departure . Three weeks later , it was revealed that McNamara would join Falkirk for the 2008–09 season .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " McNamara signed a one-month loan deal with Partick Thistle in February 2010 , making him available to debut the following day against Dundee if selected . The terms of the deal allowed it to be extended beyond its initial period , but McNamara suffered a leg break during a match against Ayr United , prematurely ending his 2009–10 season . McNamara subsequently signed a one-year contract with Thistle for the 2010–11 season , which then continued on a one-year rolling contract basis .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamara made his debut for the Scotland national under-21 team in a 2–1 away win over Greece on 13 December 1994 , in a 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier.<ref 1994/95></ref> His first goal came in the reverse fixture , a 3–0 home win on 15 August 1995.<ref 1995/96></ref> McNamara finished his under-21 career with 12 caps and one goal , earned between 1994 and 1996 .",
"title": "Under-21"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was capped once by the B team , in a 3–0 away defeat to Denmark on 23 April 1996 , before making his debut for the senior team in a 2–0 away win over Latvia in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 5 October 1996 . He was selected for the Scotland squad in the 1998 FIFA World Cup . He did not feature in the opening match , a 2–1 defeat against defending champions Brazil in Paris . His introduction from the bench in Scotlands second match , against Norway in Bordeaux , was seen as pivotal",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "in wiping out a one-goal deficit . The game finished in a 1–1 draw , leaving Scotland with a chance of qualification to the knockout stages . Ultimately the efforts were futile as Morocco were victorious in St Etienne with a 3–0 win in the final match and Norway managed to qualify from the group with a win against Brazil . McNamara earned 33 caps for Scotland between 1996 and 2005 .",
"title": "Senior"
},
{
"text": "McNamara began his managerial career at Partick Thistle where he was appointed caretaker manager on 15 April 2011 , after Ian McCall left his job . He was then appointed manager on a one-year rolling contract a month later . Thistle performed well in his second season as manager , reaching the Challenge Cup final and lying in second place in the First Division in late January 2013 . At this point he left Thistle to take the vacant position at SPL club Dundee United . McNamara was replaced at Partick Thistle by Alan Archibald , a former Thistle and",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Dundee United defender .",
"title": "Partick Thistle"
},
{
"text": " McNamaras first match in charge of his new club was a fifth round Scottish Cup tie with Third Division Rangers on 2 February 2013 . United won 3–0 , with Johnny Russell putting the home side ahead in the first minute of the match . The following week United defeated Hearts 3–1 in McNamaras first Scottish Premier League match as manager of the side . It was the sides first league win at home since August 2012 . On 24 February 2014 , McNamara extended his contract with Dundee United until 2017 .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "McNamaras first full season at Tannadice saw United reach the Scottish Cup Final , which his side lost 2–0 to St Johnstone . The following season United lost the League Cup Final to Celtic , 2–0 . The latter few months of that season also saw a sharp dip in Uniteds form following the sale in January 2015 of Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " Reports following Dundee Uniteds 2–1 defeat to St Johnstone on 26 September 2015 suggested McNamara had been relieved of his duties , which was confirmed by the club two days later .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " McNamara was appointed manager of League Two club York City on 4 November 2015 , and his first match in charge came three days later , with a 3–2 away defeat to Accrington Stanley in the FA Cup first round . In April 2016 , Yorks relegation from the Football League was confirmed by a 3–0 defeat against Accrington . In October 2016 , a 6–1 defeat against the divisions bottom club , Guiseley , left York in 20th place in the National League .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": "Following talks between McNamara and the club , York announced the manager would resign if they failed to gain a positive result in their next match , against Braintree Town . Following a 1–1 draw in that match , McNamara announced he would be stepping down , but had agreed to stay on as manager until a replacement was found . When Gary Mills was reappointed manager on 16 October 2016 , McNamara took on the role of chief executive at the club . He left this position in March 2018 .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " Return to Dunfermline Athletic . In January 2019 , McNamara returned to Scottish football as a consultant at previous club Dunfermline Athletic .",
"title": "York City"
},
{
"text": " McNamara co-wrote a television sitcom pilot with Scottish actor and comedy writer Fran Gilhooley called The Therapy Room , starring Jackies actor brother , Donny . The show is based around a young footballer who is catapulted from amateur football to the English top flight , and is partly based around McNamaras own experiences as a player and manager .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "McNamara was taken to the intensive care unit of Hull Royal Infirmary in February 2020 , after he collapsed near his home in York . His condition was described at one point as critical but stable , but after a few weeks of care he was able to return home .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premier Division : 1997–98 - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 - Scottish League Cup : 1997–98 , 1999–2000 ; runner-up : 2002–03 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 1996 - PFA Scotland Players Player of the Year : 1998 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 2004",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2013–14 - Scottish League Cup runner-up : 2014–15",
"title": "Dundee United"
}
] |
/wiki/István_Seregély#P69#0
|
Where was István Seregély educated before Aug 1947?
|
István Seregély István Seregély ( 13 March 1931 – 31 December 2018 ) was a Hungarian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church , who served as Archbishop of Eger from 5 June 1987 to 15 March 2007 . Priesthood . Seregély was born in Szombathely on 13 March 1931 . His family moved to Miskolc in 1940 . He finished his secondary studies at the György Fráter Catholic Secondary School ( a legal predecessor of the Ferenc Földes Secondary School ) . He started his theological studies in the local seminary of Szombathely , but after its closure , he attended the Central Seminary of Budapest ( ) . He was ordained as a priest by Sándor Kovács , the Bishop of Szombathely on 19 June 1955 . From 1956 to 1963 , he was chaplain in Gyöngyösfalu , Nyőgér , Bagod and Zalaegerszeg , then from 1963 to 1974 , Cathedral of the Visitation of Our Lady in Szombathely . He was made vicar of Kőszegszerdahely by Bishop Árpád Fábián in 1974 . He served in this position until 1981 . All of four churches , which belonged to his parish – the All Saints Church of Kőszegszerdahely , the St . Vitus Church of Velem , the St . Peter and Paul Church of Cák and the St . Martin Church of Kőszegdoroszló – were renovated . He was vicar of Kőszeg from 1981 to 1987 , and nine churches were renovated under his parsonage . Episcopal career . Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Eger on 5 June 1987 . He was consecrated as bishop on 25 July by László Paskai at the Cathedral Basilica of St . John the Apostle . His motto was Christus est via veritas et vita ( Christ is the way , the truth , and the life ) . Seregély was President of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops Conference between 1990 and 2005 , and simultaneously was also Grand Chancellor of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University from 1992 to 2005 . He served as Vice President of the Council of the Bishops Conferences of Europe ( CCEE ) from 1993 to 2001 . He was awarded Fraknói Vilmos Prize in 2005 . After the appointment of Csaba Ternyák as his successor , Seregély functioned as apostolic governor of the Archdiocese of Eger since 15 March 2007 . When Ternyák took the position on 9 June , Seregély became archbishop emeritus . Seregély died on 31 December 2018 in a priest social home in Nyíregyháza . Publications . - Imádkozzál érettünk Istennek szent Anyja . Elmélkedések ; Don Bosco , Budapest. , 2001 - Krisztus az út , az igazság és az élet . Tizenöt év apostoli szolgálatban , 1-2. ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2002-2003 - A magyar katolikus egyház a harmadik évezred küszöbén ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 ( Haza a magasban ) - A mi vendégünk története . Hittanregény ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 - Nevelnek a szentek ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2005 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Ádventi és karácsonyi gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2006 - Magunkat nem hagyhatjuk el . Szerdahelyi Csongor beszélgetése Seregély István egri érsekkel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 ( Pásztorok ) - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Húsvéti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Nagyböjti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Püspöki gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja . Seregély István elmélkedései Faykod Mária lourdes-i stációszobrairól készült fényképeivel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2012 - Tanúságtétel . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban 2002-2010 között elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2012 - A kereszténység a vallás koronája . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2013 - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2015
|
[
"Ferenc Földes Secondary School"
] |
[
{
"text": " István Seregély ( 13 March 1931 – 31 December 2018 ) was a Hungarian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church , who served as Archbishop of Eger from 5 June 1987 to 15 March 2007 .",
"title": "István Seregély"
},
{
"text": " Seregély was born in Szombathely on 13 March 1931 . His family moved to Miskolc in 1940 . He finished his secondary studies at the György Fráter Catholic Secondary School ( a legal predecessor of the Ferenc Földes Secondary School ) . He started his theological studies in the local seminary of Szombathely , but after its closure , he attended the Central Seminary of Budapest ( ) . He was ordained as a priest by Sándor Kovács , the Bishop of Szombathely on 19 June 1955 .",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": "From 1956 to 1963 , he was chaplain in Gyöngyösfalu , Nyőgér , Bagod and Zalaegerszeg , then from 1963 to 1974 , Cathedral of the Visitation of Our Lady in Szombathely . He was made vicar of Kőszegszerdahely by Bishop Árpád Fábián in 1974 . He served in this position until 1981 . All of four churches , which belonged to his parish – the All Saints Church of Kőszegszerdahely , the St . Vitus Church of Velem , the St . Peter and Paul Church of Cák and the St . Martin Church of Kőszegdoroszló – were renovated",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": ". He was vicar of Kőszeg from 1981 to 1987 , and nine churches were renovated under his parsonage .",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": " Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Eger on 5 June 1987 . He was consecrated as bishop on 25 July by László Paskai at the Cathedral Basilica of St . John the Apostle . His motto was Christus est via veritas et vita ( Christ is the way , the truth , and the life ) .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": "Seregély was President of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops Conference between 1990 and 2005 , and simultaneously was also Grand Chancellor of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University from 1992 to 2005 . He served as Vice President of the Council of the Bishops Conferences of Europe ( CCEE ) from 1993 to 2001 . He was awarded Fraknói Vilmos Prize in 2005 .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": " After the appointment of Csaba Ternyák as his successor , Seregély functioned as apostolic governor of the Archdiocese of Eger since 15 March 2007 . When Ternyák took the position on 9 June , Seregély became archbishop emeritus . Seregély died on 31 December 2018 in a priest social home in Nyíregyháza .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": " - Imádkozzál érettünk Istennek szent Anyja . Elmélkedések ; Don Bosco , Budapest. , 2001 - Krisztus az út , az igazság és az élet . Tizenöt év apostoli szolgálatban , 1-2. ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2002-2003 - A magyar katolikus egyház a harmadik évezred küszöbén ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 ( Haza a magasban ) - A mi vendégünk története . Hittanregény ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 - Nevelnek a szentek ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2005",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Ádventi és karácsonyi gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2006",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Magunkat nem hagyhatjuk el . Szerdahelyi Csongor beszélgetése Seregély István egri érsekkel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 ( Pásztorok ) - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Húsvéti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Nagyböjti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Püspöki gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja . Seregély István elmélkedései Faykod Mária lourdes-i stációszobrairól készült fényképeivel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2012 - Tanúságtétel . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban 2002-2010 között elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2012 - A kereszténység a vallás koronája . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2013 - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/István_Seregély#P69#1
|
Where was István Seregély educated in Nov 1949?
|
István Seregély István Seregély ( 13 March 1931 – 31 December 2018 ) was a Hungarian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church , who served as Archbishop of Eger from 5 June 1987 to 15 March 2007 . Priesthood . Seregély was born in Szombathely on 13 March 1931 . His family moved to Miskolc in 1940 . He finished his secondary studies at the György Fráter Catholic Secondary School ( a legal predecessor of the Ferenc Földes Secondary School ) . He started his theological studies in the local seminary of Szombathely , but after its closure , he attended the Central Seminary of Budapest ( ) . He was ordained as a priest by Sándor Kovács , the Bishop of Szombathely on 19 June 1955 . From 1956 to 1963 , he was chaplain in Gyöngyösfalu , Nyőgér , Bagod and Zalaegerszeg , then from 1963 to 1974 , Cathedral of the Visitation of Our Lady in Szombathely . He was made vicar of Kőszegszerdahely by Bishop Árpád Fábián in 1974 . He served in this position until 1981 . All of four churches , which belonged to his parish – the All Saints Church of Kőszegszerdahely , the St . Vitus Church of Velem , the St . Peter and Paul Church of Cák and the St . Martin Church of Kőszegdoroszló – were renovated . He was vicar of Kőszeg from 1981 to 1987 , and nine churches were renovated under his parsonage . Episcopal career . Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Eger on 5 June 1987 . He was consecrated as bishop on 25 July by László Paskai at the Cathedral Basilica of St . John the Apostle . His motto was Christus est via veritas et vita ( Christ is the way , the truth , and the life ) . Seregély was President of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops Conference between 1990 and 2005 , and simultaneously was also Grand Chancellor of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University from 1992 to 2005 . He served as Vice President of the Council of the Bishops Conferences of Europe ( CCEE ) from 1993 to 2001 . He was awarded Fraknói Vilmos Prize in 2005 . After the appointment of Csaba Ternyák as his successor , Seregély functioned as apostolic governor of the Archdiocese of Eger since 15 March 2007 . When Ternyák took the position on 9 June , Seregély became archbishop emeritus . Seregély died on 31 December 2018 in a priest social home in Nyíregyháza . Publications . - Imádkozzál érettünk Istennek szent Anyja . Elmélkedések ; Don Bosco , Budapest. , 2001 - Krisztus az út , az igazság és az élet . Tizenöt év apostoli szolgálatban , 1-2. ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2002-2003 - A magyar katolikus egyház a harmadik évezred küszöbén ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 ( Haza a magasban ) - A mi vendégünk története . Hittanregény ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 - Nevelnek a szentek ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2005 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Ádventi és karácsonyi gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2006 - Magunkat nem hagyhatjuk el . Szerdahelyi Csongor beszélgetése Seregély István egri érsekkel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 ( Pásztorok ) - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Húsvéti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Nagyböjti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Püspöki gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja . Seregély István elmélkedései Faykod Mária lourdes-i stációszobrairól készült fényképeivel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2012 - Tanúságtétel . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban 2002-2010 között elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2012 - A kereszténység a vallás koronája . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2013 - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2015
|
[
"Central Seminary of Budapest"
] |
[
{
"text": " István Seregély ( 13 March 1931 – 31 December 2018 ) was a Hungarian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church , who served as Archbishop of Eger from 5 June 1987 to 15 March 2007 .",
"title": "István Seregély"
},
{
"text": " Seregély was born in Szombathely on 13 March 1931 . His family moved to Miskolc in 1940 . He finished his secondary studies at the György Fráter Catholic Secondary School ( a legal predecessor of the Ferenc Földes Secondary School ) . He started his theological studies in the local seminary of Szombathely , but after its closure , he attended the Central Seminary of Budapest ( ) . He was ordained as a priest by Sándor Kovács , the Bishop of Szombathely on 19 June 1955 .",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": "From 1956 to 1963 , he was chaplain in Gyöngyösfalu , Nyőgér , Bagod and Zalaegerszeg , then from 1963 to 1974 , Cathedral of the Visitation of Our Lady in Szombathely . He was made vicar of Kőszegszerdahely by Bishop Árpád Fábián in 1974 . He served in this position until 1981 . All of four churches , which belonged to his parish – the All Saints Church of Kőszegszerdahely , the St . Vitus Church of Velem , the St . Peter and Paul Church of Cák and the St . Martin Church of Kőszegdoroszló – were renovated",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": ". He was vicar of Kőszeg from 1981 to 1987 , and nine churches were renovated under his parsonage .",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": " Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Eger on 5 June 1987 . He was consecrated as bishop on 25 July by László Paskai at the Cathedral Basilica of St . John the Apostle . His motto was Christus est via veritas et vita ( Christ is the way , the truth , and the life ) .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": "Seregély was President of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops Conference between 1990 and 2005 , and simultaneously was also Grand Chancellor of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University from 1992 to 2005 . He served as Vice President of the Council of the Bishops Conferences of Europe ( CCEE ) from 1993 to 2001 . He was awarded Fraknói Vilmos Prize in 2005 .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": " After the appointment of Csaba Ternyák as his successor , Seregély functioned as apostolic governor of the Archdiocese of Eger since 15 March 2007 . When Ternyák took the position on 9 June , Seregély became archbishop emeritus . Seregély died on 31 December 2018 in a priest social home in Nyíregyháza .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": " - Imádkozzál érettünk Istennek szent Anyja . Elmélkedések ; Don Bosco , Budapest. , 2001 - Krisztus az út , az igazság és az élet . Tizenöt év apostoli szolgálatban , 1-2. ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2002-2003 - A magyar katolikus egyház a harmadik évezred küszöbén ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 ( Haza a magasban ) - A mi vendégünk története . Hittanregény ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 - Nevelnek a szentek ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2005",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Ádventi és karácsonyi gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2006",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Magunkat nem hagyhatjuk el . Szerdahelyi Csongor beszélgetése Seregély István egri érsekkel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 ( Pásztorok ) - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Húsvéti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Nagyböjti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Püspöki gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja . Seregély István elmélkedései Faykod Mária lourdes-i stációszobrairól készült fényképeivel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2012 - Tanúságtétel . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban 2002-2010 között elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2012 - A kereszténység a vallás koronája . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2013 - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/István_Seregély#P69#2
|
Where was István Seregély educated after Mar 1955?
|
István Seregély István Seregély ( 13 March 1931 – 31 December 2018 ) was a Hungarian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church , who served as Archbishop of Eger from 5 June 1987 to 15 March 2007 . Priesthood . Seregély was born in Szombathely on 13 March 1931 . His family moved to Miskolc in 1940 . He finished his secondary studies at the György Fráter Catholic Secondary School ( a legal predecessor of the Ferenc Földes Secondary School ) . He started his theological studies in the local seminary of Szombathely , but after its closure , he attended the Central Seminary of Budapest ( ) . He was ordained as a priest by Sándor Kovács , the Bishop of Szombathely on 19 June 1955 . From 1956 to 1963 , he was chaplain in Gyöngyösfalu , Nyőgér , Bagod and Zalaegerszeg , then from 1963 to 1974 , Cathedral of the Visitation of Our Lady in Szombathely . He was made vicar of Kőszegszerdahely by Bishop Árpád Fábián in 1974 . He served in this position until 1981 . All of four churches , which belonged to his parish – the All Saints Church of Kőszegszerdahely , the St . Vitus Church of Velem , the St . Peter and Paul Church of Cák and the St . Martin Church of Kőszegdoroszló – were renovated . He was vicar of Kőszeg from 1981 to 1987 , and nine churches were renovated under his parsonage . Episcopal career . Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Eger on 5 June 1987 . He was consecrated as bishop on 25 July by László Paskai at the Cathedral Basilica of St . John the Apostle . His motto was Christus est via veritas et vita ( Christ is the way , the truth , and the life ) . Seregély was President of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops Conference between 1990 and 2005 , and simultaneously was also Grand Chancellor of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University from 1992 to 2005 . He served as Vice President of the Council of the Bishops Conferences of Europe ( CCEE ) from 1993 to 2001 . He was awarded Fraknói Vilmos Prize in 2005 . After the appointment of Csaba Ternyák as his successor , Seregély functioned as apostolic governor of the Archdiocese of Eger since 15 March 2007 . When Ternyák took the position on 9 June , Seregély became archbishop emeritus . Seregély died on 31 December 2018 in a priest social home in Nyíregyháza . Publications . - Imádkozzál érettünk Istennek szent Anyja . Elmélkedések ; Don Bosco , Budapest. , 2001 - Krisztus az út , az igazság és az élet . Tizenöt év apostoli szolgálatban , 1-2. ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2002-2003 - A magyar katolikus egyház a harmadik évezred küszöbén ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 ( Haza a magasban ) - A mi vendégünk története . Hittanregény ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 - Nevelnek a szentek ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2005 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Ádventi és karácsonyi gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2006 - Magunkat nem hagyhatjuk el . Szerdahelyi Csongor beszélgetése Seregély István egri érsekkel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 ( Pásztorok ) - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Húsvéti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Nagyböjti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Püspöki gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja . Seregély István elmélkedései Faykod Mária lourdes-i stációszobrairól készült fényképeivel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2012 - Tanúságtétel . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban 2002-2010 között elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2012 - A kereszténység a vallás koronája . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2013 - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2015
|
[
"Pázmány Péter Catholic University"
] |
[
{
"text": " István Seregély ( 13 March 1931 – 31 December 2018 ) was a Hungarian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church , who served as Archbishop of Eger from 5 June 1987 to 15 March 2007 .",
"title": "István Seregély"
},
{
"text": " Seregély was born in Szombathely on 13 March 1931 . His family moved to Miskolc in 1940 . He finished his secondary studies at the György Fráter Catholic Secondary School ( a legal predecessor of the Ferenc Földes Secondary School ) . He started his theological studies in the local seminary of Szombathely , but after its closure , he attended the Central Seminary of Budapest ( ) . He was ordained as a priest by Sándor Kovács , the Bishop of Szombathely on 19 June 1955 .",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": "From 1956 to 1963 , he was chaplain in Gyöngyösfalu , Nyőgér , Bagod and Zalaegerszeg , then from 1963 to 1974 , Cathedral of the Visitation of Our Lady in Szombathely . He was made vicar of Kőszegszerdahely by Bishop Árpád Fábián in 1974 . He served in this position until 1981 . All of four churches , which belonged to his parish – the All Saints Church of Kőszegszerdahely , the St . Vitus Church of Velem , the St . Peter and Paul Church of Cák and the St . Martin Church of Kőszegdoroszló – were renovated",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": ". He was vicar of Kőszeg from 1981 to 1987 , and nine churches were renovated under his parsonage .",
"title": "Priesthood"
},
{
"text": " Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Eger on 5 June 1987 . He was consecrated as bishop on 25 July by László Paskai at the Cathedral Basilica of St . John the Apostle . His motto was Christus est via veritas et vita ( Christ is the way , the truth , and the life ) .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": "Seregély was President of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops Conference between 1990 and 2005 , and simultaneously was also Grand Chancellor of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University from 1992 to 2005 . He served as Vice President of the Council of the Bishops Conferences of Europe ( CCEE ) from 1993 to 2001 . He was awarded Fraknói Vilmos Prize in 2005 .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": " After the appointment of Csaba Ternyák as his successor , Seregély functioned as apostolic governor of the Archdiocese of Eger since 15 March 2007 . When Ternyák took the position on 9 June , Seregély became archbishop emeritus . Seregély died on 31 December 2018 in a priest social home in Nyíregyháza .",
"title": "Episcopal career"
},
{
"text": " - Imádkozzál érettünk Istennek szent Anyja . Elmélkedések ; Don Bosco , Budapest. , 2001 - Krisztus az út , az igazság és az élet . Tizenöt év apostoli szolgálatban , 1-2. ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2002-2003 - A magyar katolikus egyház a harmadik évezred küszöbén ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 ( Haza a magasban ) - A mi vendégünk története . Hittanregény ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2003 - Nevelnek a szentek ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2005",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Ádventi és karácsonyi gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2006",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Magunkat nem hagyhatjuk el . Szerdahelyi Csongor beszélgetése Seregély István egri érsekkel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 ( Pásztorok ) - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2007 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Húsvéti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009 - Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Nagyböjti gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2009",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Jézus Krisztus az élet és a szentség forrása . Püspöki gondolatok évtizedek igehirdetésében ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja . Seregély István elmélkedései Faykod Mária lourdes-i stációszobrairól készült fényképeivel ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2010 - Jézus Krisztus keresztútja ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2012 - Tanúságtétel . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban 2002-2010 között elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2012 - A kereszténység a vallás koronája . Válogatás az egri Szent István Rádióban elhangzott jegyzetekből ; Szent István Társulat , Bp. , 2013 - Szűz Mária levelei . Elmélkedések a rózsafüzér titkairól ; Érseki Vagyonkezelő Központ , Eger , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin#P39#0
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What position did Dominique de Villepin take between Feb 2001 and Oct 2001?
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Dominique de Villepin Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac . In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) . After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule . He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation . Early life and education . Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur , and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) . Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish . When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing . Career . Diplomat . Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were : - Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 ) - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 ) Early political positions . Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent . Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé . Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known . Foreign minister . He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power . Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause . During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal . Interior minister . During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 . His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims . He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France . President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party . On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France . Villepins cabinet . In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment . The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet . Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda . After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our society . Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division . Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model . On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess . On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election . Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim . Cabinet membership . - Dominique de Villepin – Prime Minister Ministers - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity - Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life Delegate ministers - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ; - Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ; - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory . Shuffles . 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes . On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March . On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate . On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister . Clearstream affair . In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy . Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) . Possible presidential bid . There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President . Resignation . On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon . Post-prime ministerial career . Context of De Villepins political career . De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister . Clearstream trial . On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair . The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 . Career as advocate . Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank . From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run . In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed . In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election . In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans . Art gallery . In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki . Personal life . Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy . Honours . French national honours . - Grand Cross in the National Order of Merit ( France ) Foreign honors . - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway ) - Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) . - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) . - 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character . - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq . - 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others . - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin America , as the bios put it ; - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe . - 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession . - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) . Bibliography : general . - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 ) - 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) . - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) . Quotes . - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq ) - We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 . - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict . - Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .
|
[
"Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur ,",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were :",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": "- Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": "Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "society .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory .",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": " On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": ". Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) .",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": " There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President .",
"title": "Possible presidential bid"
},
{
"text": " On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": "Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister .",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": " On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki .",
"title": "Art gallery"
},
{
"text": " Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway )",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "America , as the bios put it ;",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 )",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq )",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .",
"title": "Quotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin#P39#1
|
What position did Dominique de Villepin take between Jun 2002 and Mar 2003?
|
Dominique de Villepin Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac . In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) . After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule . He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation . Early life and education . Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur , and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) . Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish . When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing . Career . Diplomat . Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were : - Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 ) - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 ) Early political positions . Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent . Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé . Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known . Foreign minister . He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power . Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause . During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal . Interior minister . During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 . His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims . He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France . President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party . On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France . Villepins cabinet . In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment . The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet . Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda . After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our society . Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division . Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model . On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess . On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election . Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim . Cabinet membership . - Dominique de Villepin – Prime Minister Ministers - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity - Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life Delegate ministers - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ; - Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ; - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory . Shuffles . 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes . On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March . On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate . On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister . Clearstream affair . In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy . Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) . Possible presidential bid . There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President . Resignation . On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon . Post-prime ministerial career . Context of De Villepins political career . De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister . Clearstream trial . On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair . The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 . Career as advocate . Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank . From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run . In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed . In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election . In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans . Art gallery . In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki . Personal life . Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy . Honours . French national honours . - Grand Cross in the National Order of Merit ( France ) Foreign honors . - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway ) - Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) . - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) . - 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character . - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq . - 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others . - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin America , as the bios put it ; - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe . - 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession . - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) . Bibliography : general . - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 ) - 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) . - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) . Quotes . - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq ) - We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 . - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict . - Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .
|
[
"Minister of Foreign Affairs"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur ,",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were :",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": "- Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": "Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "society .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory .",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": " On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": ". Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) .",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": " There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President .",
"title": "Possible presidential bid"
},
{
"text": " On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": "Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister .",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": " On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki .",
"title": "Art gallery"
},
{
"text": " Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway )",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "America , as the bios put it ;",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 )",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq )",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .",
"title": "Quotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin#P39#2
|
What position did Dominique de Villepin take between Oct 2004 and Mar 2005?
|
Dominique de Villepin Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac . In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) . After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule . He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation . Early life and education . Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur , and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) . Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish . When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing . Career . Diplomat . Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were : - Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 ) - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 ) Early political positions . Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent . Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé . Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known . Foreign minister . He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power . Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause . During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal . Interior minister . During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 . His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims . He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France . President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party . On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France . Villepins cabinet . In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment . The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet . Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda . After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our society . Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division . Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model . On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess . On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election . Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim . Cabinet membership . - Dominique de Villepin – Prime Minister Ministers - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity - Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life Delegate ministers - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ; - Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ; - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory . Shuffles . 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes . On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March . On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate . On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister . Clearstream affair . In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy . Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) . Possible presidential bid . There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President . Resignation . On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon . Post-prime ministerial career . Context of De Villepins political career . De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister . Clearstream trial . On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair . The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 . Career as advocate . Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank . From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run . In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed . In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election . In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans . Art gallery . In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki . Personal life . Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy . Honours . French national honours . - Grand Cross in the National Order of Merit ( France ) Foreign honors . - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway ) - Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) . - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) . - 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character . - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq . - 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others . - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin America , as the bios put it ; - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe . - 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession . - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) . Bibliography : general . - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 ) - 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) . - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) . Quotes . - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq ) - We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 . - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict . - Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .
|
[
"interior minister"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur ,",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were :",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": "- Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": "Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "society .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory .",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": " On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": ". Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) .",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": " There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President .",
"title": "Possible presidential bid"
},
{
"text": " On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": "Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister .",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": " On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki .",
"title": "Art gallery"
},
{
"text": " Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway )",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "America , as the bios put it ;",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 )",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq )",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .",
"title": "Quotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin#P39#3
|
What position did Dominique de Villepin take between Jul 2006 and Sep 2006?
|
Dominique de Villepin Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac . In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) . After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule . He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation . Early life and education . Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur , and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) . Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish . When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing . Career . Diplomat . Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were : - Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 ) - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 ) Early political positions . Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent . Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé . Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known . Foreign minister . He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power . Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause . During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal . Interior minister . During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 . His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims . He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France . President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party . On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France . Villepins cabinet . In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment . The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet . Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda . After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our society . Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division . Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model . On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess . On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election . Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim . Cabinet membership . - Dominique de Villepin – Prime Minister Ministers - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity - Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life Delegate ministers - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ; - Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ; - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory . Shuffles . 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes . On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March . On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate . On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister . Clearstream affair . In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy . Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) . Possible presidential bid . There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President . Resignation . On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon . Post-prime ministerial career . Context of De Villepins political career . De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister . Clearstream trial . On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair . The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 . Career as advocate . Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank . From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run . In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed . In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election . In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans . Art gallery . In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki . Personal life . Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy . Honours . French national honours . - Grand Cross in the National Order of Merit ( France ) Foreign honors . - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway ) - Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) . - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) . - 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character . - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq . - 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others . - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin America , as the bios put it ; - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe . - 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession . - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) . Bibliography : general . - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 ) - 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) . - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) . Quotes . - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq ) - We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 . - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict . - Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .
|
[
"Prime Minister of France"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin ( ; born 14 November 1953 ) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "In his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chiracs protégés . He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , one year after his appointment to the office , which culminated with a speech to the United Nations . Before his tenure as Prime Minister , he also served as Minister of the Interior ( 2004–2005 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " After being replaced by François Fillon as Prime Minister , De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair , but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan . De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozys style of imperial rule .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "He has written poetry , a book about poetry , and several historical and political essays , along with a study of Napoleon . Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "Villepin was born in Rabat , Morocco , and spent some time in Venezuela , where his family lived for four years . He then lived in the U.S. , and has said that he grew up in the United States . During his teenage years , the Beat generation movement left its mark on me , so did the hippie movement . He was inspired by Jack Kerouac and other American poets . He graduated from the Lycée Français de New York in 1971 . He has three children : Marie ( b . 1986 ) , Arthur ,",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "and Victoire ( b . 1989 ) .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Contrary to what his surname suggests , Villepin is not from an aristocratic background but from a middle-class family . His ancestors added the particle de to the family name . His great-grandfather was a colonel in the French army , his grandfather was a board member for several companies , and his father Xavier de Villepin was a diplomat and a member of the Senate . Villepin speaks French , English and Spanish .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": "When his mother died , Villepin gave a eulogy full of the grandest and most sonorous cadences of the French language , wrote The Independent ( UK ) in 2010 . He spoke of his mothers passionate belief in the greatness and the destiny of France , and , implicitly , the greatness and destiny of her son . One mourner stated that he seemed to speak of France and of himself as being the same thing .",
"title": "Dominique de Villepin"
},
{
"text": " Villepin studied at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( Sciences Po ) and went on to the École nationale dadministration ( ENA ) , Frances highly selective post-graduate school which trains its top civil servants . Villepin also holds degrees in Civil law and French literature from the universities of Panthéon-Assas and Paris X Nanterre . At the end of his studies , he completed his military service as a naval officer on board the Aircraft Carrier Clemenceau . Villepin then entered a career in diplomacy . His assignments were :",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": "- Advising Committee on African affairs ( 1980–1984 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " - The French embassy in Washington , D.C . ( 1984–1989 ) , as premier secrétaire until 1987 and then deuxième conseiller - The embassy in New Delhi ( 1989–1992 ) , as deuxième conseiller until 1990 and then premier conseiller - Foreign Ministrys top adviser on Africa ( 1992–1993 )",
"title": "Diplomat"
},
{
"text": " Villepin was introduced to Jacques Chirac in the early 1980s and became one of his advisers on foreign policy . In 1993 he became chief of staff ( directeur de cabinet ) of Alain Juppé , the Foreign Minister in Édouard Balladurs cabinet , who was Chiracs political heir apparent .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "Villepin then became director of Chiracs successful 1995 presidential campaign and was rewarded with the key job of Secretary-General of the Élysée Palace during Chiracs first term as President of the Republic ( 1995–2002 ) . He advised the president to hold an early general election in 1997 , while the French National Assembly was overwhelmingly dominated by the presidents party . This was a risky gamble , and Chiracs party went on to lose the elections . Villepin offered Chirac his resignation afterwards , but it was turned down . Villepins flawed advice on the election increased the perception",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": "among many politicians on the right that Villepin had no experience or understanding of grassroots politics , and owed his enviable position only to being Chiracs protégé .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " Villepin has had an uneasy relationship with the members of his own political side . He has in the past made a number of demeaning remarks about members of parliament from his own party . In addition , the mutual distaste between Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy , head of the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) majority party , is well known .",
"title": "Early political positions"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Chirac in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the beginning of Chiracs second term in 2002 . During the 2004 coup détat in Haiti , Villepin obtained the backing of the United States Secretary of State , Colin Powell , in his bid to oust Jean-Bertrand Aristide from power .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": "Villepins most famous assignment as Chiracs foreign minister was opposing the U.S . plan to invade Iraq , giving France a leading role in the grouping of countries such as Germany , Belgium , Russia and China that opposed the invasion . The speech he gave to the UN to block a second resolution allowing the use of force against Saddam Husseins regime received loud applause .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During mid-2003 Villepin organized the Opération 14 juillet that attempted to rescue his former student , Ingrid Betancourt , who was being held by FARC rebels in Colombia . The operation failed , and because he had neither informed Colombia , Brazil , nor President Chirac of the mission , it resulted in a political scandal .",
"title": "Foreign minister"
},
{
"text": " During the cabinet reshuffle that made Nicolas Sarkozy Finance Minister , Villepin was appointed to replace him as interior minister on 31 March 2004 .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "His actions against radical Islam included mandatory courses for Muslim clerics , notably in the French language ( as indications were that one-third of them may not have been fluent in the national language ) , in moderate Muslim theology and in French secularism : laïcité , Republican principles and the law . While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith , an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes , Villepin would have preferred a Muslim foundation , in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " He also cracked down on radical Muslim clerics , causing an uproar when he tried to expel Abdelkader Bouziane , an imam alleged to have said to the press that , according to Ancient Islamic texts , adulterous people could be whipped or stoned . When the decision to expel him was overturned by the courts , because of the journalistic reporting of LyonMag was deemed biased , Villepin pushed a change of the law through Parliament , and Bouziane was sent home . Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": "President Chirac was at one point thought to have turned his eye on Villepin as a possible successor , assuming that he himself would not enter the 2007 presidential contest . However , Nicolas Sarkozy was chosen to represent the centre-right UMP party .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " On 29 May 2005 , French voters in the referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe turned down the proposed document by a wide margin . Two days later , Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Villepin as Prime Minister of France .",
"title": "Interior minister"
},
{
"text": " In an address to the nation , Chirac had declared that the new cabinets top priority would be to curb unemployment , which was consistently hovering above 10% , calling for a national mobilization to that effect . Villepins cabinet was marked by its small membership ( for France ) , and its hierarchical unity : all members had the rank of Minister , and there were no Secretaries of State , the lowest cabinet member rank . The aim of this decision was for the cabinet to form a close-knit and more efficient team to combat unemployment .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "The economy was growing sluggishly and a significant drop in unemployment was yet to be seen . Villepins aim was therefore to restore the French peoples trust in their government , an achievement for which he publicly set himself a deadline of a hundred days from the appointment of cabinet .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another issue was the European Constitution , rejected by France and the Netherlands in referenda .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "After Pope Benedict XVI was widely chastized for appearing to criticize Islam in a speech on 12 September 2006 , French author Robert Redeker came to the pontiffs defense , in response to which he received death threats that forced him and his family to go into hiding . Villepin commented that everyone has the right to express their opinions freely – at the same time that they respect others , of course . The lesson of this episode , according to Villepin , was how vigilant we must be to ensure that people fully respect one another in our",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "society .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Some had speculated that Villepin , with his diplomatic experience and the prestige associated with the job of Prime Minister , would negotiate a new treaty with the European Union , while Sarkozy would run the country at home . However , Villepin obtained favorable reviews from the press and temporarily increased popularity in polls . In particular , he was increasingly cited as a possible presidential candidate for 2007 , although Nicolas Sarkozy had publicly stated that he himself was giving considerable attention to that election . Villepin and Sarkozy initially avoided any open division .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "Villepin declared that lowering unemployment was the number one objective of his government ( which had also been stated by other prime ministers before him , albeit to no avail ) . He , as well as the UMP party , believed that Frances workforce rules were too rigid and discouraged employment , and that some liberalizing reforms were necessary in order to correct the French social model .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " On 2 August 2005 he issued ordinances establishing a new kind of work contract ( called CNE ) for small enterprises , with fewer guarantees than ordinary contracts . While Villepins measures would surely have been approved by his wide UMP majority in Parliament . Villepin said the government needed to act fast , especially when Parliament was going on its summer recess .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2006 he announced a similar kind of work contract ( called Contrat première embauche , or CPE ) for young people ( under 26 ) . The parliament approved on 8 February . Subsequently , students started to protest . This wave of protest eventually forced the government to give in . Although the law on the CPE is formally still valid , the government promised to hinder its application and initiated a new legal initiative which will abolish the key points of the CPE . During the protests , Villepin was widely perceived as stubborn and",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": "arrogant . As a consequence , his popularity rates went down rapidly and he was no longer regarded as a serious contender for the 2007 presidential election .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " Another major issue in Villepins government was the state of the national budget . France runs high deficits , which run afoul of the rules set in the EU Maastricht Treaty . Villepins margin of maneuver in that respect was extremely slim .",
"title": "Villepins cabinet"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolas Sarkozy – Minister of State , Minister of the Interior - Michèle Alliot-Marie – Minister of Defence - Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean-Louis Borloo – Minister of Employment , Social Cohesion and Housing - Thierry Breton – Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry - Gilles de Robien – Minister of National Education - Pascal Clément – Keeper of the Seals , Minister of Justice - Dominique Perben – Minister of Transportation , Equipment , Tourism and the Sea - Xavier Bertrand – Minister of Health and Solidarity",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Dominique Bussereau – Minister of Agriculture and Fishing",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Christian Jacob – Minister of Civil Service - Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres – Minister of Culture and Communication - Nelly Olin – Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development - François Baroin – Minister of Overseas France - Renaud Dutreil – Minister of Small Businesses , Commerce , Craftsmanship and Self-Employed Professionals - Jean-François Lamour – Minister of Youth , Sports , and Associative Life",
"title": "Ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Henri Cuq , delegate minister for relationships with Parliament ; - Azouz Begag , delegate minister for equal opportunities ; - Jean-François Copé , delegate minister for budget and the reform of the State , spokesman for the Government ; - Gérard Larcher , delegate minister for employment , work , and the professional insertion of the young ; - Catherine Vautrin , delegate minister for social cohesion and parity [ of the sexes ] ; - Brigitte Girardin , delegate minister for international cooperation , development and francophonie ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": "- Brice Hortefeux , delegate minister for local governments ;",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " - Catherine Colonna , delegate minister for European affairs ; - François Goulard , delegate minister for higher education and research ; - Léon Bertrand , delegate minister for tourism ; - Philippe Bas , delegate minister for Social Security , the elderly , the handicapped , and the family ; - François Loos , delegate minister for industry ; - Christine Lagarde , delegate minister for foreign commerce ; - Hamlaoui Mékachéra , delegate minister for war veterans ; - Christian Estrosi , delegate minister for the management of the territory .",
"title": "Delegate ministers"
},
{
"text": " 26 March 2007 : - Nicolas Sarkozy ceases to be Minister of the Interior and is replaced by François Baroin . - François Baroin ceases to be Minister of Overseas France and is replaced by Hervé Mariton . - Xavier Bertrand ceases to be Minister of Health and Solidarity and is replaced by Philippe Bas . 5 April 2007 : - Azouz Begag ceases to be delegate Minister for equal opportunities and is not replaced . Contrat Première Embauche and strikes .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On Thursday , 16 March 2006 , tens of thousands of French university and school students marched to demand the government scrap a contentious youth jobs clause , known as First Employment Contract ( CPE ) . The law , intended as a response to the 2005 riots , was intended to stimulate job growth and reduce the countrys high youth unemployment rate by allowing employers to fire employees aged under 26 within the first two years of their employment for any or no reason . Supporters of the law argued that such probationary arrangements are not unusual in Western",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "countries and that the current system in France discourages employers from hiring people whom they may be unable to fire if they prove unsuitable for the job . Critics argue that it discriminates unnecessarily against the young and decreases job security . The union movement issued an ultimatum to Villepin to scrap the law by 20 March or face a general strike . This ultimatum expired without concession . A general strike was called for 28 March .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": " On 28 March , between one and three million people demonstrated across France . The protests were accompanied by some violence and 800 people were arrested , 500 of them in Paris . Prime Minister Villepin refused to withdraw the CPE but called for negotiations on adapting it . The demonstrators for the most part called for the complete withdrawal of the CPE . The CPE was withdrawn by Jacques Chirac on 10 April . 2006 National Assembly debate .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "On 20 June 2006 , during the questions to government in the National Assembly , Dominique de Villepin accused the head of the Socialist Party François Hollande of cowardice . Hollande had questioned the Prime Minister about the recent insider trading scandal involving the aerospace company EADS and executive Noël Forgeard . This triggered an incident in the Assembly , with Socialist deputies converging on the government benches until they were stopped by the Assembly ushers . Hollande demanded apologies and the resignation of the Prime Minister ; the next day , Dominique de Villepin apologized . This event resulted",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "in criticism even from Villepins own UMP party , with UMP parliamentarians including Assembly vice-president Yves Bur suggesting that president Chirac should appoint another Prime Minister .",
"title": "Shuffles"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , French judges were given a list by an anonymous source containing the names of politicians and others who , it was alleged , had deposited kickbacks from a 1991 arms sale to Taiwan into secret accounts at Clearstream , a private bank in Luxembourg . The most prominent name on the list was that of Nicolas Sarkozy , Villepins rival for power in the UMP . The list was later shown to be fraudulent , a discovery Villepin kept from the public for 15 months at a time when the two men were vying for party supremacy",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": ". Meanwhile , the source of the list was later revealed to be a longtime associate of Villepins , one Jean-Louis Gergorin , an executive at EADS . Critics claimed that Villepin , perhaps with the support of then-president Jacques Chirac , had tried to defame his rival . Sarkozy , in turn , filed a suit against whoever was behind the creation of the Clearstream list . Villepin was eventually acquitted in 2010 ( see #Clearstream trial below ) .",
"title": "Clearstream affair"
},
{
"text": " There was speculation that Villepin might be a candidate in the 2007 Presidential election ; Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy was selected unopposed as the UMPs presidential candidate on 14 January 2007 . On 12 March 2007 Villepin formally endorsed Sarkozy for President .",
"title": "Possible presidential bid"
},
{
"text": " On 15 May 2007 , the last full day of President Jacques Chiracs term , Villepin tendered his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President . He was replaced two days later by François Fillon .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "De Villepin has never held elected office ; the French Constitution allows the president to appoint unelected ministers . This is a political liability for him , because he is periodically accused of being out of touch with the realities of ordinary citizens . He is also reported to despise elected officials , calling members of Parliament connards ( assholes ) . Villepin is not the first unelected prime minister , even in the relatively short history of the Fifth Republic : notable predecessors include Georges Pompidou , who was a banker before being called to office , and Raymond",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": "Barre , who had a previous career as a professor and appointed official , and started an elected career only after being Prime minister .",
"title": "Post-prime ministerial career"
},
{
"text": " On the first day of the civil trial for his part in the Clearstream affair , Villepin accused President Sarkozy of pursuing him for political reasons . Sarkozy has the status of a civil plaintiff in the case . On Thursday , 28 January 2010 , the judgement was finally handed down and Villepin was acquitted of every accusation against him in the affair .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "The following morning the prosecution announced that it would file an appeal against this verdict , thus further dragging out the affair another year . Villepin was finally cleared by an appeals court in September 2011 .",
"title": "Clearstream trial"
},
{
"text": "Soon after his exit from daily political life , on 9 January 2008 de Villepin returned to legal practice . Since then , he has travelled on business to Iran , Argentina , Venezuela and Colombia . Over its first two years , the bureau had revenues of 4,65 million euros and earned profit of 2,6 million . Alstom , Total and Veolia and the Bugshan family conglomerate have all been clients . His main client for a time was Qatar , and he has a close relationship with Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and her mother Moza bint",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "Nasser . He advocated forcefully the Palestinian cause during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , at the request of the Qataris , and protested the French legal ban on Islamic facial veils for women in 2014 . De Villepin counsels the Qatar Investment Authority . He is president of the advisory board of Universal Credit Rating Group , a Sino-Russo-American bond credit rating agency , and international advisor to China Minsheng Bank .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " From November 2008 until June 2009 , de Villepin chaired a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government . Set up by Bulgarias Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev , the advisory board was mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership . République Solidaire and presidential run .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Villepin quit the UMP and set up a new party , République Solidaire , with the aim of running for president in the 2012 elections . He advocated the rewithdrawal of France from the NATO integrated military command . However , he failed to secure the 500 necessary parrainages endorsements from elected officials in the preliminaries to the presidential race , and his candidacy did not proceed .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In 2016 , the French investigating judge Sabine Kheris requested that the case be referred to the Court of Justice of the Republic Dominique de Villepin , Michel Barnier and Michèle Alliot-Marie . These former ministers are suspected of having allowed the exfiltration of the mercenaries responsible for the attack on the Bouaké camp in 2004 , killing nine French soldiers . The operation was allegedly intended to justify a response operation against the Laurent Gbagbo government in the context of the 2004 crisis in Ivory Coast . 2017 presidential election .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": "In the 2017 presidential election , De Villepin endorsed centrist Emmanuel Macron before the first round and not fellow right-winger François Fillon , candidate of The Republicans .",
"title": "Career as advocate"
},
{
"text": " In March 2020 , Dominique de Villepin opened a commercial gallery in Hong Kong together with his son , Arthur de Villepin . The gallery is located on Hollywood Road in Central , and opened with an inaugural exhibition of work by the Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki .",
"title": "Art gallery"
},
{
"text": " Villepin enjoys traveling through the U.S. , and has spoken of Route 66 as giving a feeling of the wide open spaces of America that signify dreams and opportunities . He has said that the U.S . is a source of inspiration for every lover of liberty and democracy .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italy ) - Commander Grand Cross with Chain Order of the Three Stars ( Latvia ) - Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas ( Lithuania ) - Grand Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania ( Lithuania ) - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles ( Monaco ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( Norway )",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( Poland ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Uruguay ) . Bibliography : works written by De Villepin himself . - 2001 : Les Cent-Jours ou lesprit de sacrifice ( Perrin , 2001 – Le Grand livre du mois , 2001 – Perrin , 2002 – Éditions France loisirs , 2003 ) ; a book about the One Hundred Days between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ; awarded the Grand Prix dHistoire of the Fondation Napoléon ( 2001 ) and the Prix des Ambassadeurs ( 2001 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2002 : Le cri de la gargouille ( Éditions Albin Michel , 2002 . Librairie générale française , 2003 ) , a meditation upon French politics , an analysis of differing aspects of the French political character .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Éloge des voleurs de feu ( NRF-Gallimard , 2003 ) , in English On Poetry , which is some reflections on the subject ; Villepin is said to have worked on the final draft during the UN session where the French successfully blocked authorization of the 2003 War in Iraq .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2003 : Un autre monde ( lHerne , 2003 ) , preface by Stanley Hoffmann , translator , Toward a new world : speeches , essays , and interviews on the war in Iraq , the UN , and the changing face of Europe ( Melville House Publishing , c2004 ) , a selection of speeches by Villepin as Foreign Minister , with commentary by Hoffman , Susan Sontag , Carlos Fuentes , Norman Mailer , Régis Debray , Mario Vargas Llosa , others .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Preface to Aventuriers du monde 1866–1914 : Les grands explorateurs français au temps des premiers photographes ( LIconoclaste , 2003 ) , collective work . - 2004 : Preface to lEntente cordiale de Fachoda à la Grande Guerre : Dans les archives du Quai dOrsay , Maurice Vaïsse ( Éditions Complexe , 2004 ) . - 2004 : Preface , with Jack Straw , to lEntente cordiale dans le siècle ( Odile Jacob , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to 1905 , la séparation des Églises et de lÉtat : les textes fondateurs ( Perrin , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Preface to Mehdi Qotbi : le voyage de lécriture ( Paris : Somogy , 2004 – Paris : Somogy , 2005 ) , published on the occasion of an exhibition organized by the Institut Français du Nord and Attijariwafa Bank , presented at the Galerie Delacroix of the Institut français du Nord at Tangiers from 25 June to 5 September 2004 and at the Espace dArt Actua of the Attijariwafa Bank , Casablanca , Oct–Dec 2004 – Villepin has a personal connection with the Maghreb and the Third World – born in Rabat , raised in Latin",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "America , as the bios put it ;",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 : Le requin et la mouette ( Plon : A . Michel , 2004 ) , essay . - 2005 : Histoire de la diplomatie française with Jean-Claude Allain , Françoise Autrand , Lucien Bély ( Perrin , 2005 ) . - 2005 : LHomme européen , with Jorge Semprún ( Plon , 2005 – Perrin , octobre 2005 ) , a pamphlet in favour of the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": "- 2005 : Urgences de la poésie ( [ Casablanca ] : Eds . de la Maison de la Poésie du Maroc , July 2005 ) tr . into Arabic by Mohamed Bennis , illustr . by Mehdi Qotbi ; includes three poems by Villepin himself , Elegies barbares , Le droit daînesse , and Sécession .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 2006: , The Globalist , 3 March 2006 . - 2016 : Mémoire de paix pour temps de guerre ( Paris : Grasset ) .",
"title": "Foreign honors"
},
{
"text": " - 1986 : Villepin , Patrick de , Encore et toujours : François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin , 1814–1885 , un Lorrain émigré à Paris au XIXe siècle ( Paris ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1986 ) - 1987 : Villepin , Patrick de , Maintenir : histoire de la famille Galouzeau de Villepin ( 1397–1987 ) ( [ Paris ] ( 21 rue Surcouf , 75007 ) : P . de Villepin , 1987 )",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Le Maire , Bruno , Le ministre : récit ( Paris : B . Grasset , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 : Derai , Yves et Mantoux , Aymeric , Lhomme qui saimait trop ( Paris : lArchipel , impr . 2005 ) . - 2005 : Saint-Iran , Jean , Les cent semaines ( Paris : Privé , DL 2005 ) .",
"title": "Bibliography : general"
},
{
"text": " - Loption de la guerre peut apparaître a priori la plus rapide . Mais noublions pas quaprès avoir gagné la guerre , il faut construire la paix . The option of war might seem at first to be the swiftest . But let us not forget that having won the war , one has to build peace . ( at the United Nations Security Council on 14 February 2003 , shortly before the US-led invasion of Iraq )",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- We need a strong policy to combat radical Islam . It is used as a breeding-ground for terrorism . We cannot afford not to watch them very closely . As Interior Minister , December 2004 .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - With the collapse of Saddam Husseins regime , a dark era is drawing to a close . And we welcome it.. . Together we must now build peace in Iraq and for France this has to mean the United Nations having a central role . Together we must build peace throughout the region and this can be done only through the determined search for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": "- Let us have the courage to declare a first truth : International law does not give a right to security which engages , in return , a right to occupy and even less so , a right to massacre . There is a right to peace , and that right is the same for all peoples . The security which Israel seeks today , is done so against peace and against the Palestinian people .",
"title": "Quotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)#P937#0
|
What was the working location for Thomas Jones (artist) before Feb 1762?
|
Thomas Jones ( artist ) Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world . Biography . Early life and career . Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College . His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist . Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude . In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement . Italy . Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron . Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) . Return from Italy and retirement . Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over . In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire . Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells . Likenesses . - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 . Further reading . - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 ) - J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June ) - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 . External links . - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org
|
[
"London"
] |
[
{
"text": "Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world .",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 .",
"title": "Likenesses"
},
{
"text": " - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)#P937#1
|
What was the working location for Thomas Jones (artist) in Jan 1779?
|
Thomas Jones ( artist ) Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world . Biography . Early life and career . Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College . His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist . Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude . In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement . Italy . Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron . Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) . Return from Italy and retirement . Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over . In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire . Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells . Likenesses . - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 . Further reading . - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 ) - J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June ) - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 . External links . - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org
|
[
"Italy"
] |
[
{
"text": "Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world .",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 .",
"title": "Likenesses"
},
{
"text": " - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)#P937#2
|
What was the working location for Thomas Jones (artist) between Apr 1781 and Jul 1782?
|
Thomas Jones ( artist ) Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world . Biography . Early life and career . Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College . His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist . Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude . In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement . Italy . Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron . Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) . Return from Italy and retirement . Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over . In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire . Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells . Likenesses . - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 . Further reading . - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 ) - J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June ) - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 . External links . - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org
|
[
"Naples"
] |
[
{
"text": "Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world .",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 .",
"title": "Likenesses"
},
{
"text": " - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)#P937#3
|
What was the working location for Thomas Jones (artist) between Oct 1785 and Aug 1797?
|
Thomas Jones ( artist ) Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world . Biography . Early life and career . Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College . His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist . Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude . In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement . Italy . Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron . Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) . Return from Italy and retirement . Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over . In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire . Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells . Likenesses . - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 . Further reading . - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 ) - J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June ) - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 . External links . - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Thomas Jones ( 26 September 1742 – 29 April 1803 ) was a Welsh landscape painter . He was a pupil of Richard Wilson and was best known in his lifetime as a painter of Welsh and Italian landscapes in the style of his master . However , Joness reputation grew in the 20th century when more unconventional works by him , not originally intended for exhibition , came to light . Most notable among these is a series of views of Naples which he painted from 1782 to 1783 . By breaking with the conventions of classical landscape painting",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "in favour of direct observation , they look forward to the work of Camille Corot and the Barbizon School in the 19th century . His autobiography , Memoirs of Thomas Jones of Penkerrig , went unpublished until 1951 but is now recognised as an important source of information on the 18th-century art world .",
"title": "Thomas Jones ( artist )"
},
{
"text": "Thomas Jones was born in Trefonnen in Cefnllys , Radnorshire , the second of sixteen children to the landowner Thomas Jones of Trefonnen and his wife , Hannah . His formative years were spent on his fathers estate at Pencerrig near Builth Wells ; thus he is often referred to as Thomas Jones of Pencerrig to differentiate him from others of the same name . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon , and later at a school kept by Jenkin Jenkins at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire , before going to Oxford in 1759 to study at Jesus College .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "His university education was funded by a maternal uncle who , contrary to Joness own wishes , hoped for him to enter the church . Jones dropped out of Oxford after this uncle’s death in 1761 and began to pursue his preferred career as an artist .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Jones moved to London and enrolled at William Shipleys drawing school in November 1761 . Despite attending the life class at St Martins Lane Academy , he remained unconfident of his ability to draw figures convincingly , and in 1763 he persuaded the leading landscape painter of the day ( and fellow Welshman ) Richard Wilson to take him on as a pupil . A high-spirited youth , Jones recorded in his journal that he and two rowdy fellow pupils were once rebuked by their master with the words , Gentlemen , this is not the way to rival Claude",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 1765 Jones began to exhibit at the Society of Artists ( the forerunner of the Royal Academy ) . From 1769 onwards his landscapes began to adopt the grand manner , becoming settings for scenes in history , literature or mythology . His frequent collaborator on these works was John Hamilton Mortimer , who painted the figures . One of his best-known works from this period is The Bard ( Cardiff ) , based on the poem by Thomas Gray . The 1770s were a successful period for Jones ; he was elected a fellow of the Society of",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Artists in 1771 and served as the society’s director in 1773–4 . This period also saw the beginning of Jones’s unconventional habit of producing small landscape sketches in oils on paper for his own amusement .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Jones embarked on an eagerly anticipated trip to Italy in September 1776 . The works produced there departed significantly from the example of his master , particularly in his watercolour paintings , where he developed a distinctive palette of varying shades of blue . Jacob More , John Robert Cozens and Thomas Banks were among the fellow expatriate artists with whom Jones was friendly . His first commission in Italy was a landscape entitled Lake Albano – Sunset for the Earl-Bishop of Derry , who became Joness most important patron .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Jones made his first visit to Naples in September 1778 , staying there for five months . He returned to Rome for a time , living in a house near the Spanish Steps built by Salvator Rosa . He took on a Danish widow called Maria Moncke as his Maid Servant in April 1779 , eloping with her to Naples a year later . Then the largest city in Italy , Naples promised more opportunities for patronage than had Rome , and Jones sought the patronage of the British Ambassador Sir William Hamilton in particular . Maria gave birth to",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "two daughters in Naples , Anna Maria ( in 1780 ) and Elizabetha ( in 1781 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "Upon hearing of his fathers death in 1782 , Jones , who after six years in Italy was becoming restless and homesick , returned to Britain . He set off for London with Maria , Anna and Elizabetha on a Swedish brig in August 1783 . He arrived the following November only to find many of his possessions destroyed by damp , including all his painted studies from nature . In London Jones attempted to revive his career as a painter , but he had less impetus to do so as an annual income of £300 was left to him",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "by his father . Although he exhibited ten works at the Royal Academy from 1784 to 1798 , by 1785 he felt that his artistic career was over .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "In his later years Jones felt increasingly himself drawn back to Wales , especially his beloved Pencerrig . He inherited the estate in 1787 , on the death of his brother Major John Jones without issue . With his new-found financial security Thomas Jones finally married Maria Moncke on 16 September 1789 ( though his devout mother also influenced the decision ) . The wedding was held at St Pancras Church in London . Jones took an active interest in his estate , using his sketchbook to record new agricultural developments . In 1791 , he even wrote a poem",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "entitled Petraeia about his love for Pencerrig . ( Cerrig , meaning stone in Welsh , translates into Greek as petra. ) 1791 was also the year when he became High Sheriff of Radnorshire .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " Thomas Jones died in 1803 ; the cause of death was angina pectoris . He was buried at the family chapel at Caebach , Llandrindod Wells .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " - Giuseppe Marchi ( c . 1735–1808 ) , Portrait of Thomas Jones , 1768 . - Francesco Renaldi ( 1755–fl . 1798 ) Portrait of Thomas Jones and his Family , 1797 .",
"title": "Likenesses"
},
{
"text": " - Richard Veasey , Thomas Jones Pencerrig – Artist , Traveller , Country Squire , y Lolfa , ( 2017 ) - A . Sumner , G . Smith ( ed. ) , Thomas Jones ( 1742–1803 ) An Artist Rediscovered [ exhibition catalogue , National Museum Cardiff ] ( 2003 ) - F . W . Hawcroft , Travels In Italy 1776–1783 based On The Memoirs Of Thomas Jones [ exhibition catalogue , University of Manchester Whitworth Art Gallery ] ( 1988 )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- J . Gere , Thomas Jones An Eighteenth-Century Conundrum , in Apollo ( 1970 June )",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Thomas Jones , Memoirs of Thomas Jones , Penkerrig , Radnorshire , 1803 , ed . P . Oppe , in The Thirty-Second Volume of the Walpole Society ; 1946–8 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Website of Thomas Jones exhibition at the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth ( 2003 ) . Scans and transcripts of the National Librarys holdings related to Jones , including his sketchbook and the Memoirs . ( Accessed 14 September 2007. ) - Entry for Thomas Jones on Welsh Biography Online - Paintings by Thomas Jones in the National Gallery , London , including several of his open-air oil sketches from Italy - Thomas Jones at WikiGallery.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mark_Iuliano#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Mark Iuliano belong to before Apr 1991?
|
Mark Iuliano Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese . Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . Club career . Salernitana . Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back . Juventus . After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season . During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been , and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter . Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals . Mallorca . Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals . Sampdoria . Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league . Messina . After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 . Ravenna . Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years . Retirement . After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old . International career . Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 . Style of play . Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back . Coaching career . After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach . On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach . On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 International . - Italy - UEFA European Championship ( Runner-Up ) : 2000 External links . - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .
|
[
"Salernitana Calcio"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back .",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ", and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals .",
"title": "Mallorca"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Sampdoria"
},
{
"text": " After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 .",
"title": "Messina"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": "doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years .",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": " After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mark_Iuliano#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Mark Iuliano belong to in Oct 1992?
|
Mark Iuliano Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese . Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . Club career . Salernitana . Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back . Juventus . After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season . During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been , and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter . Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals . Mallorca . Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals . Sampdoria . Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league . Messina . After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 . Ravenna . Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years . Retirement . After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old . International career . Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 . Style of play . Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back . Coaching career . After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach . On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach . On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 International . - Italy - UEFA European Championship ( Runner-Up ) : 2000 External links . - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .
|
[
"Bologna FC"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back .",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ", and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals .",
"title": "Mallorca"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Sampdoria"
},
{
"text": " After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 .",
"title": "Messina"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": "doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years .",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": " After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mark_Iuliano#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Mark Iuliano belong to in May 1993?
|
Mark Iuliano Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese . Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . Club career . Salernitana . Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back . Juventus . After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season . During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been , and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter . Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals . Mallorca . Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals . Sampdoria . Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league . Messina . After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 . Ravenna . Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years . Retirement . After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old . International career . Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 . Style of play . Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back . Coaching career . After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach . On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach . On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 International . - Italy - UEFA European Championship ( Runner-Up ) : 2000 External links . - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .
|
[
"A.C . Monza"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back .",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ", and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals .",
"title": "Mallorca"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Sampdoria"
},
{
"text": " After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 .",
"title": "Messina"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": "doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years .",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": " After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mark_Iuliano#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Mark Iuliano belong to in Sep 1996?
|
Mark Iuliano Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese . Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . Club career . Salernitana . Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back . Juventus . After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season . During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been , and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter . Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals . Mallorca . Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals . Sampdoria . Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league . Messina . After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 . Ravenna . Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years . Retirement . After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old . International career . Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 . Style of play . Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back . Coaching career . After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach . On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach . On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 International . - Italy - UEFA European Championship ( Runner-Up ) : 2000 External links . - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .
|
[
"Juventus"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back .",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ", and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals .",
"title": "Mallorca"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Sampdoria"
},
{
"text": " After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 .",
"title": "Messina"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": "doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years .",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": " After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mark_Iuliano#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Mark Iuliano belong to in early 2000s?
|
Mark Iuliano Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese . Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . Club career . Salernitana . Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back . Juventus . After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season . During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been , and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter . Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals . Mallorca . Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals . Sampdoria . Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league . Messina . After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 . Ravenna . Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years . Retirement . After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old . International career . Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 . Style of play . Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back . Coaching career . After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach . On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach . On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 International . - Italy - UEFA European Championship ( Runner-Up ) : 2000 External links . - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .
|
[
"Serie A"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back .",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ", and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals .",
"title": "Mallorca"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Sampdoria"
},
{
"text": " After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 .",
"title": "Messina"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": "doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years .",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": " After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mark_Iuliano#P54#5
|
Which team did the player Mark Iuliano belong to after Jan 2006?
|
Mark Iuliano Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese . Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . Club career . Salernitana . Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back . Juventus . After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season . During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been , and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter . Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals . Mallorca . Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals . Sampdoria . Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league . Messina . After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 . Ravenna . Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years . Retirement . After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old . International career . Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 . Style of play . Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back . Coaching career . After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach . On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach . On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 International . - Italy - UEFA European Championship ( Runner-Up ) : 2000 External links . - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .
|
[
"F.C . Messina Peloro"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mark Iuliano ( ; born 12 August 1973 ) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender . Following his retirement he worked as a coach . He is currently working as Igor Tudors assistant at Serie A club Udinese .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with , Juventus , in Serie A , a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the final , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Mark Iuliano"
},
{
"text": "Born in Cosenza , Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990 . He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances . After returning to Salerno , he was again sent out on loan in 1993 , for another season long loan deal . This time , Iuliano moved to A.C . Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances for the club . After two impressive loan spells in Bologna and Monza , Iuliano returned to Salernitana Calcio , and became a",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "regular starter after his return , making over 85 appearances , and scoring a single goal , playing both as a centre back and as a full back .",
"title": "Salernitana"
},
{
"text": "After greatly impressing in his second spell with Salernitana , Iuliano caught the eye of several major scouts , most notably those of Serie A giants Juventus . In July 1996 , Iuliano transferred to the Torino based outfit , and was a big hit right from the start , as Juventus continued their Serie A and European dominance . He made his Serie A début on 15 September 1996 , 2–1 win over Cagliari Calcio . In his first season with Juventus he played in 21 league games scoring a single goal in a 1–1 away draw against Atalanta",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "on 23 May 1997 , which saw Juventus claim the league title that season .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "During the 1997–98 season , Iuliano also became widely known for a controversial episode in Juventuss Derby dItalia match in Turin against Inter on 26 April 1998 , involving Ronaldo : a collision that occurred between the two players in the Juventus penalty area , which saw both players go to ground , led the Inter players to claim what they felt to be a clear penalty for a tackle of obstruction , but the referee let the play continue as the players continued to protest ; to add to the controversy , Juventus were awarded a contested penalty only",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "thirty seconds later . Although Juventus did not convert the penalty successfully , they still ended up winning the match 1–0 , and went on to win the league title mathematically two days later , following a 3–2 home win against Bologna , with Inter finishing in second place . Following the match , the referee who had officiated the game , Piero Ceccarini , also came out publicly and stated that he had made a mistake , and that he should have called the foul and assigned a penalty to Inter for the challenge , although that , at",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "the time , he did not witness the entire play that led to the incident , only the collision between the two players , which drew further criticism from the press . Up to this day , the incident has therefore acquired a degree of infamy , and is still widely debated in the Italian media , and often cited in newspapers . When asked about the episode in a 2009 interview , however , Ceccarini changed his view and said that in hindsight he would have not awarded a penalty , but instead an indirect free kick to Inter",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "inside the penalty area for obstruction . In an even more recent interview with the newspaper Il Tirreno in 2016 , however , Ceccarini later further clarified , From the images it is clear that Ronaldo runs into Iuliano , not vice versa : as a matter of fact , the Juventus player falls backwards , resulting from the impact of Ronaldo running into him . I was on the pitch , a few meters away . The intention of the defender was to stop the attackers progression , but the attacker moved the ball and the defender did not",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "follow it . Iuliano was stationary at the moment of contact , there are no doubts about this . I told Pagliuca ( Inters goalkeeper ) that in basketball this would be an offensive foul . Perhaps I ought to have whistled a foul in favour of Juventus . In a 2015 interview , when Iuliano was asked about the incident , he stated that he felt that a penalty should not have been awarded , but that due to the speed at which the collision occurred , it was not immediately obvious what the correct decision should have been",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ", and that it was also possible that an offensive foul could have been given against Inter .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano would become an eventual starter for the club the following season , but was hampered by injuries in the 1999–2000 season , limiting him to just 20 appearances . Juventus had what was considered by some pundits to be one of , if not the best defence in the world at this time , and were known for their ability to concede very few goals , which made the side particularly effective in closely contested matches . Iuliano formed impressive defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara , Moreno Torricelli , Paolo Montero , Gianluca Pessotto , Lilian",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Thuram , Alessandro Birindelli , Igor Tudor , Gianluca Zambrotta , Nicola Legrottaglie , and Fabio Cannavaro during his 10-year tenure with the club . After the 2004–2005 Serie A triumph , veteran teammates Paolo Montero and Ciro Ferrara called it quits on their Juventus career ( this title was later revoked following Juventuss involvement in the 2006 Calciopoli scandal ) . The Uruguayan opted to return to his homeland , while Iuliano remained , but in January 2005 , he left for La Liga side RCD Mallorca on free transfer after having not played regularly in the first portion",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "season . Iuliano made well over 200 total appearances for i bianconeri , scoring nearly 15 goals .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano transferred to RCD Mallorca in the Spanish La Liga in the summer of 2005 after 10 years with Juventus . He would remain at the club for only one season however , despite a fairly decent season starting 29 total games and scoring 4 goals .",
"title": "Mallorca"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano returned to Italy in January 2006 , by transferring to Serie A club , UC Sampdoria . He remained at the Genoa based club for just a mere six months , before a July transfer away from Liguria after making just 4 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Sampdoria"
},
{
"text": " After a disappointing period with Sampdoria , Iuliano moved to Sicilian club F.C . Messina Peloro in the summer of 2006 . After two consecutive fairly impressive Serie A seasons , Messina failed to avoid relegation in the 2006–2007 Serie A season . Iuliano made a total of 24 appearances for the club between the Coppa Italia and the Serie A , and scored 1 goal . Following Messinas relegation to Serie B , Iulianos contract was not renewed , and hence he became a free agent on 1 July 2007 .",
"title": "Messina"
},
{
"text": "Iuliano was unable to find a club during the 2007 summer transfer window , and was linked with a return to former club Juventus , following their re-building of the clubs squad . This news turned out to be just rumours , as the deal never took off , and Iuliano remained a free agent for the next 6 months . After those 6 months without a club , he signed for Serie B side Ravenna Calcio in January 2008 . The veteran was instantly inserted into the starting eleven , and picked up good form before he failed a",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": "doping test after playing for Ravenna Calcio in a Serie B match against A.C . Cesena , in May 2008 . After being found positive for cocaine he was successively disqualified for two years .",
"title": "Ravenna"
},
{
"text": " After this series of events , Iuliano opted to call it quits on his career and officially retired from professional football in March 2012 ; he was 38 years old .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Iuliano was a regular in the Italy national football team setup during the peak of his career as he earned his first call-up in 1998 and received his last cap in 2003 . He appeared for the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000 , where Italy finished in 2nd place , and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He would make 19 total international appearances , scoring one goal for his country . His debut came on 5 September 1998 against Wales . He scored his only international goal against Portugal on 26 April 2000 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Regarded as one of the best and most consistent Italian defenders of his generation , Iuliano was a large , tenacious , and physically strong defender , who excelled in the air , and who was an accomplished man-marker and an experienced tackler ; he usually played as a centre-back , although he was a tactically versatile player , who was also capable of playing as a full-back .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " After retirement , Iuliano took a role as youth coach for the Allievi Nazionali at Pavia in 2012 . In July 2014 , Iuliano was appointed as youth coach at Serie B club Latina . On 5 January 2015 , he was promoted head coach in place of Roberto Breda , with the goal to save the club from relegation . He was sacked in November 2015 . On 26 May 2017 he was appointed has Como head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 26 July 2017 Iuliano reached an agreement with Albanian Albanian Superliga club FK Partizani Tirana to become The Reds new head coach .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " On 24 April 2018 , he was appointed as new assistant coach of Udinese alongside new head coach Igor Tudor .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Juventus - Serie A : 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 , 2002 , 2003 - UEFA Super Cup : 1996 - Intercontinental Cup : 1996 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Short bios at 2002 FIFA world Cup site - National team stats .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Sverker_Göranson#P39#0
|
Sverker Göranson took which position in May 1996?
|
Sverker Göranson Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by Micael Bydén . Career . Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping . He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College . From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel . Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007 he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 . Post-retirement . From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland ) . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences . Personal life . In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) . Dates of rank . Göransons promotions : - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General Awards and decorations . Göransons decorations : Swedish . - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit Foreign . - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR ) - Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa ) - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge Honours . - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Micael Bydén .",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": ") . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences .",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": " In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General",
"title": "Göransons promotions :"
},
{
"text": " - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit",
"title": "Swedish"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": "- Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Sverker_Göranson#P39#1
|
Sverker Göranson took which position between Aug 1998 and Aug 1999?
|
Sverker Göranson Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by Micael Bydén . Career . Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping . He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College . From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel . Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007 he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 . Post-retirement . From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland ) . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences . Personal life . In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) . Dates of rank . Göransons promotions : - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General Awards and decorations . Göransons decorations : Swedish . - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit Foreign . - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR ) - Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa ) - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge Honours . - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )
|
[
"brigade commander"
] |
[
{
"text": "Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Micael Bydén .",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": ") . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences .",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": " In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General",
"title": "Göransons promotions :"
},
{
"text": " - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit",
"title": "Swedish"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": "- Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Sverker_Göranson#P39#2
|
Sverker Göranson took which position in Oct 2006?
|
Sverker Göranson Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by Micael Bydén . Career . Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping . He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College . From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel . Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007 he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 . Post-retirement . From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland ) . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences . Personal life . In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) . Dates of rank . Göransons promotions : - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General Awards and decorations . Göransons decorations : Swedish . - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit Foreign . - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR ) - Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa ) - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge Honours . - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )
|
[
"Inspector of the Swedish Army"
] |
[
{
"text": "Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Micael Bydén .",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": ") . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences .",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": " In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General",
"title": "Göransons promotions :"
},
{
"text": " - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit",
"title": "Swedish"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": "- Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Sverker_Göranson#P39#3
|
Sverker Göranson took which position after Apr 2010?
|
Sverker Göranson Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by Micael Bydén . Career . Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping . He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College . From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel . Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007 he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 . Post-retirement . From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland ) . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences . Personal life . In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) . Dates of rank . Göransons promotions : - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General Awards and decorations . Göransons decorations : Swedish . - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit Foreign . - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR ) - Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa ) - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge Honours . - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )
|
[
"Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces"
] |
[
{
"text": "Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Chief of Defence Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Micael Bydén .",
"title": "Sverker Göranson"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was born in Lund , Sweden , the son of Sven-Eric Göranson , a Natural science teacher , school leader and principal at Komvux , and Margit , a language teacher ( 1921–2005 ) . He soon moved with his parents to Kristianstad . He graduated from Österängsskolan in 1973 , which followed by technical high school in Hässleholm before enrolling at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in 1974 . There he studied pedagogic , psychology and sociology and graduated in 1975 with a college examina in engineering . In June 1974 he started his mandatory conscription and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "served as a platoon leader at North Scanian Regiment ( P 6 ) in his hometown of Kristianstad , followed by the Swedish Armoured Troops Cadet and Officer Candidate School ( PKAS ) at Göta Life Guards ( P 1 ) in Enköping .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He enrolled at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1975 and graduated in 1977 , finishing first in his class . Göranson was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and served as a main battle tanks instructor . Göranson was promoted to captain in 1980 and passed the Basic Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1983 to 1984 , when he was promoted to major . He then passed the General Staff Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1985 to 1987 , finishing first in his class . Göranson served as a staff officer at the Southern",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Military Area ( Milo S ) from 1987 to 1989 and then as a staff officer at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters Staff for Joint Operations ( Operationsledningen , OPL ) from 1989 to 1991 . In 1990 he passed the 31st Military Course on Law of Armed Conflicts and the Basic Course at the Swedish National Defence College .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 to 1993 Göranson was Deputy Project Manager , Tactical Evaluation of the main battle tank for the Swedish Army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel . He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , United States from 1993 to 1994 where he was one of the foremost among the foreign students . Göranson was later inducted into the Fort Leavenworth International Hall of Fame in 2008 . Göranson passed the UN Staff Officer Course in 1994 and was a senior teacher of army tactics at the Swedish Armed Forces",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Staff College from 1994 to 1995 . Göranson was then chief of staff of the Nordic Battalion 2 ( Nordbat 2 ) /BA 05 in the United Nations Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996 . In 1996 he was deputy battalion commander of Swebat in the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Back in Sweden , he was deputy brigade commander of Southern Scania Brigade ( Södra skånska brigaden , MekB 7 ) from 1996 to 1997 when he was promoted to colonel .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Göranson was brigade commander of the Life Guards Brigade ( Livgardesbrigaden ) in Stockholm from 1997 to 2000 and did the Senior Level Leadership Management Course in 1998/1999 . He was military and assistant defence attaché to the United States from 2000 to 2003 when he was promoted to brigadier general . Göranson did the Civilian/Military Command Course Senior Level in 2003 and was then assistant chief for defence planning and operations at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2005 . In 2004 he did the Danish Chief of Defence Security Policy Course and from 2005 to 2007",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "he served as Inspector of the Swedish Army . Göranson served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces ( Försvarsmaktens stabschef ) from 2007 to 2009 before being appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces on 6 March 2009 . He took office of 25 March 2009 . Göranson was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces for 6 years before he was succeeded by Micael Bydén on 1 October 2015 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 1 April 2016 Göranson worked with a group of advisors to the Saab Group in the United States and on 18 May 2016 he became a board member of Invidzonen , an organization for relatives of Swedish personnel employed by the Swedish Armed Forces and the police force serving abroad . On 1 March 2017 he became chairman of the board of the Nordic Travel Group . On 9 March 2017 Göranson , together with Ari Puheloinen , was awarded the 2017 Promoter of the Year of Relations Between Sweden and Finland by the Sweden-Finland Society ( Samfundet Sverige-Finland",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": ") . On 27 March 2017 Göranson was elected chairman of the Swedish Veterans Association ( Sveriges Veteranförbund ) . He is also a board member of the chemical intelligence company Serstech AB . In 2018 , Göranson was elected president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences .",
"title": "Post-retirement"
},
{
"text": " In 1976 he married Ann ( born 1955 ) and they have two children ( daughter born 1983 , son born 1985 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1977 – Lieutenant - 1980 – Captain - 1984 – Major - 1993 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1997 – Colonel - 2003 – Brigadier General - 2005 – Major General - 2007 – Lieutenant General - 2009 – General",
"title": "Göransons promotions :"
},
{
"text": " - H . M . The Kings Medal , 12th size gold medal with chain ( 2016 ) - For Zealous and Devoted Service of the Realm - Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Swedish Armed Forces International Service Medal - Home Guard Medal of Merit - North Scanian Regiment Commemorative Medal ( Norra skånska regementets minnesmedalj ) - Swedish Reserve Officers Federation Merit Badge ( Förbundet Sveriges Reservofficerares förtjänsttecken ) - Old Comrades Alliance of the Swedish Korea Ambulance Cross of Remembrance and Merit - Life Guards Dragoons Medal of Merit - Life Guards Medal of Merit",
"title": "Swedish"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland ( 2013 ) - Commander with star of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit ( 2 March 2012 ) - Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr - Commander of the Legion of Honour - Commander of the Legion of Merit ( 2005 ) - Officer of the Legion of Merit ( 2003 ) - Knight Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 2014 ) - United Nations Medal in bronze ( UNPROFOR ) - NATO Medal ( IFOR )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": "- Italian CHOD Order of Merit for International Operations ( Medaglia donore interforze dello Stato Maggiore Difesa )",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Finnish Freedom Fighters Blue Cross - United States Army Command and General Staff Officer Course Badge",
"title": "Foreign"
},
{
"text": " - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2002 ) - President of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences ( 2018 ) - Member of the International Hall of Fame at the United States Army Command and General Staff College ( 2008 ) - Honorary Subaltern of the Life Guards ( 2008 )",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolò_Melli#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Nicolò Melli belong to in late 2000s?
|
Nicolò Melli Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 . Youth career . The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards . In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp . Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period . Professional career . Pallacanestro Reggiana . In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds . During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) . He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game . Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career . He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury . Olimpia Milano . 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy . Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) . 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) . He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes . 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds . During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft . 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 . During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 . Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes . Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia . After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season . In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year . The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 . Brose Bamberg . 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season . Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team . Fenerbahçe İstanbul . On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals , scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game . New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) . He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes . National team career . Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) . In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal . Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 . After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals . Melli also played at the EuroBasket 2015 . Personal life . Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States . However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent . External links . - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it
|
[
"Pallacanestro Reggiana"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 .",
"title": "Nicolò Melli"
},
{
"text": " The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": ", scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": "He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolò_Melli#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Nicolò Melli belong to in Nov 2013?
|
Nicolò Melli Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 . Youth career . The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards . In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp . Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period . Professional career . Pallacanestro Reggiana . In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds . During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) . He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game . Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career . He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury . Olimpia Milano . 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy . Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) . 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) . He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes . 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds . During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft . 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 . During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 . Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes . Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia . After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season . In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year . The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 . Brose Bamberg . 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season . Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team . Fenerbahçe İstanbul . On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals , scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game . New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) . He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes . National team career . Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) . In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal . Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 . After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals . Melli also played at the EuroBasket 2015 . Personal life . Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States . However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent . External links . - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it
|
[
"Armani Jeans Milano"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 .",
"title": "Nicolò Melli"
},
{
"text": " The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": ", scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": "He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolò_Melli#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Nicolò Melli belong to between Jul 2016 and Nov 2016?
|
Nicolò Melli Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 . Youth career . The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards . In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp . Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period . Professional career . Pallacanestro Reggiana . In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds . During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) . He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game . Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career . He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury . Olimpia Milano . 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy . Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) . 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) . He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes . 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds . During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft . 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 . During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 . Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes . Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia . After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season . In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year . The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 . Brose Bamberg . 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season . Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team . Fenerbahçe İstanbul . On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals , scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game . New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) . He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes . National team career . Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) . In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal . Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 . After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals . Melli also played at the EuroBasket 2015 . Personal life . Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States . However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent . External links . - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it
|
[
"Brose Bamberg"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 .",
"title": "Nicolò Melli"
},
{
"text": " The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": ", scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": "He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolò_Melli#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Nicolò Melli belong to in Sep 2017?
|
Nicolò Melli Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 . Youth career . The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards . In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp . Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period . Professional career . Pallacanestro Reggiana . In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds . During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) . He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game . Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career . He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury . Olimpia Milano . 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy . Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) . 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) . He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes . 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds . During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft . 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 . During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 . Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes . Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia . After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season . In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year . The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 . Brose Bamberg . 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season . Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team . Fenerbahçe İstanbul . On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals , scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game . New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) . He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes . National team career . Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) . In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal . Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 . After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals . Melli also played at the EuroBasket 2015 . Personal life . Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States . However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent . External links . - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it
|
[
"Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolò Melli ( born 26 January 1991 ) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He also represents the senior Italian national team . He mainly plays at the power forward position , but he has also played at center . Melli earned an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2017 .",
"title": "Nicolò Melli"
},
{
"text": " The Reggio Emilia native started his career with home town side Pallacanestro Reggiana . After an accumulation of injuries Melli was called up to train with the senior team in October 2004 , at only 13 . He sat on the bench during a 24 October league game ( an age record ) though he did not play and returned to the youth teams afterwards .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2006 he participated in the Italian leg of the Jordan Classic Camp international tour , regrouping a selection of the thirty most promising under-16 players , with the MVP earning a trip to the American edition of the camp .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Melli was selected as co-MVP , meeting Michael Jordan and going to the U.S . in April 2007 . He talked of recruiting interest from American college UCLA during the same period .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , he signed a five-year professional contract with Pallacanestro Reggiana and started training with the first team . The same year , in October , the 16-year-old debuted in the Italian national second division LegaDue . In May 2008 , during the promotion semi-finals against Aurora Basket Jesi , he replaced injured starter Benjamin Ortner and contributed 16 points and 15 rebounds in a losing effort . He finished the season playing an average of 10.6 minutes with 3.4 points and 2.9 rebounds .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "During the off-season , the 17-year-old participated in the Reebok Eurocamp in Treviso but did not make an impression on observers ( albeit playing against older players , sometimes by five years ) .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He also returned to the U.S. , attending the Adidas Nations that pitted international teams of promising youngsters . Though he was praised by an observer for his work ethic , it was also noted that his game ( and lack of athleticism ) was unsuited to the American game .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": "Melli started the next season in great form , with 12 points and 18 rebounds followed by 24 points in two games , however , on 21 December 2008 , Melli suffered a serious knee injury . Scans revealed an anterior cruciate ligament injury on his left knee , requiring surgery and at least five months of rehabilitation though he would be able to continue his career .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " He returned to action in 2009–10 as a starter ; he averaged 10.7 points and 7.1 rebounds in 28 minutes , though he missed the promotion playoffs because of a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Pallacanestro Reggiana"
},
{
"text": " 2010–11 season . On the radar of strong sides for some time , Melli joined Armani Jeans Milano , of the elite domestic Serie A and European EuroLeague in July 2010 , signing a four-year deal . After struggling to earn minutes , Melli was loaned to fellow Serie A side Scavolini-Siviglia Pesaro in February 2011 . A month later he returned to Milan , to take part in the Italian All Star Game where he contributed 12 points for Italy .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Melli finished the 2010–11 season with 3.8 points , 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals in 16 minutes per game for Pesaro ( compared with 9 minutes for Milan previously ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2011–12 season . The next season saw Melli accrue slightly more playing time but despite some highlights , such as a team-high 17 points in a EuroLeague Group G defeat against UNICS Kazan , he finished the regular season with 3.4 points and 2.7 rebounds in 11 minutes per game ( Serie A ) and 3.8 points and 1.9 rebounds in 9 minutes per game ( EuroLeague ) .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "He had more impact in the Serie A playoffs , including decisive performances in the semi-final game 3 against former side Pesaro ( 5 points in 19 minutes and a good defensive performance , with 7 rebounds , 2 steals and 1 block ) and then in game 4 of the finals against future champions Montepaschi Siena where he was part of a second-half fightback to win the game , finishing with 11 points and 4 rebounds in 13 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2012–13 season . In 2012–13 , Melli increased his averages to 5.8 points and 4.1 rebounds ( Serie A ) , 4.6 points and 3 rebounds ( EuroLeague ) , and his minutes to respectively 17 and 15 in a season nearly devoid of highlights both personally and for Milan ( eliminated in the domestic quarterfinals and the EuroLeague regular season ) . An exception was his third successive participation in the December Italian league All-Star Game , in which he top-scored along with Milan teammate Alessandro Gentile ( 18 points ) , adding a game-best 10 rebounds .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the summer , he worked out with a number of NBA sides , with an observer commenting that he seemed too light physically for the league , he would go undrafted in the 2013 NBA draft .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2013–14 season . 2013–14 proved to be Mellis breakthrough season , with his good performances becoming more regular as he cemented his place in Milans starting five . The first of those decisive contributions came in Milans second EuroLeague game of the season against Žalgiris , where Melli scored a career-high 20 points , adding 9 rebounds and 2 steals in 25 minutes to earn a PIR of 28 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "During the decisive 74–73 victory against Brose Bamberg in the penultimate group stage game , he defended Wright as he missed the Broses last shot which allowed Milan to progress to the Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " Though he lad less impact further on as Milan reached the EuroLeague quarterfinals , Melli finished with respectable averages of 5.3 points , 4.3 rebounds , 0.8 assists and 0.9 steals in around 21 minutes in the competition . Domestically , he regularly posted scored in double figures , including a career-high 24 points against Roma , put against more average games he finished with 6.9 points and 4.9 rebounds in a career-high 21 minutes .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "Discarding the statistics , Melli had crucial contributions during the Serie A playoffs , starting with 18 points in 22 minutes in the first game against Pistoia .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " After starting the finals series against defending champions Montepaschi Siena with some off-games Melli exploded in the final two games . In the do-or-die game 6 , with Milan trailing , he scored two successive three-pointers to regain the lead before adding a steal and a number of decisive rebounds as Milan won the game to earn a game 7 decider . In that game , he contributed 11 points and a career-high 13 rebounds as Milan won to become Italian champions for the first time in 18 years . 2014–15 season .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": "In July 2014 , his contract with Milan was extended for another year .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " The season proved more difficult for both parties , Melli had an unremarkable season ( 5.3 points and 3.5 rebounds in the EuroLeague , 5.6 and 4.3 in Serie A ) as Milan were stopped in the Italian playoff semi-finals in their title defense and stalled in the EuroLeague Top 16 .",
"title": "Olimpia Milano"
},
{
"text": " 2015–16 season . Melli moved abroad in July 2015 , signing with German side Brose Bamberg for two years . He cited Broses strong pursuit of his services and their offering him a more important role in the side as motivation for the move abroad , adding that the presence of compatriots Andrea Trinchieri and Daniele Baiesi as head coach and GM respectively would facilitate his adaptation . Melli was named the MVP of the Month of November of the 2015–16 Euroleague . 2016–17 season .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "Melli was named the EuroLeague Round 11 MVP , after scoring 27 points and grabbing 14 rebounds , in a 70–85 away victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv , on 8 December 2016 . He was named to the seasons All-EuroLeague Second Team .",
"title": "Brose Bamberg"
},
{
"text": "On 8 July 2017 , Melli signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Fenerbahçe . In the 2017–18 EuroLeague season , Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four , its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance . Eventually , they lost to Real Madrid , by a score of 80–85 in the finals game . In the finals game , Melli was the finals top scorer , as he scored 28 points , which was the most points scored in a EuroLeague Finals game by a player since 1985 . He had a season-best performance in the EuroLeague Finals",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": ", scoring 28 points and grabbing 6 rebounds . Over 36 EuroLeague games played in total , he averaged 8.9 points , 5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " New Orleans Pelicans ( 2019–2021 ) . On 25 July 2019 , Melli signed with the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . On 22 October 2019 , Melli made his debut in NBA , coming off the bench in a 122–130 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors with fourteen points , five rebounds and two assists . On 12 February 2020 , Melli replaced Deandre Ayton for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge . Dallas Mavericks ( 2021–present ) .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": "He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks on 26 March 2021 , alongside JJ Redick in exchange for James Johnson and Wes Iwundu . He made his debut three days later , in a 127–106 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder where he recorded six points in twelve minutes .",
"title": "Fenerbahçe İstanbul"
},
{
"text": " Italian junior national team . Melli played with the Italian Under-16 side at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship , averaging 13.1 points , 9.8 rebounds and 2 blocks per game ( all three team bests ) , as he was selected to the tournaments best five . With the U-18s at the 2008 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship , he averaged 9.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game ( the latter a team best ) .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship , Melli contributed 10.1 points , 6.8 rebounds and 1 block per game , in nearly 25 minutes played per game , including 23 points and 11 rebounds in the quarterfinal against Montenegro , to help Italy reach the final . He had an off-game against Spain in the semi-final , grabbing 7 rebounds and scoring 9 points , but shooting 2 for 8 from the floor , and committing four fouls , as Italy had to make do with a silver medal .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Italian senior national team . Melli made his full debut ( discounting the All-Star Game ) for the senior Italian team in August 2011 , though he was rarely called up until 2013 .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": "After being called up to the Italy squad for EuroBasket 2013 , the power forward had to play in an unfamiliar center position , due to the lack of big men in Italys squad . Alternating at the position with Marco Cusin , he was pitted against bigger and stronger opponents , finishing the tournament with a respectable 4.4 points and 4.3 rebounds per game , in around 16 minutes played per game – with highs of 14 points and 10 rebounds against Turkey – as Italy reached the tournaments quarterfinals .",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"text": " Melli is the son of the former volleyball player Julie Vollertsen—a silver medalist with the United States at the 1984 Olympic Games—and corporate lawyer ( formerly amateur basketball player for Pallacanestro Reggiana and television journalist ) Leopoldo Melli . They met when Vollertsen moved from the U.S . to Reggio Emilia to play professionally . Enrico , Mellis younger brother who was born in 1995 , has also played basketball for Reggiana . Melli is a dual citizen of Italy and the United States .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "However , the first time he visited the latter was at 16 and he doesnt feel very American . He describes his English as good but not fluent .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Nicolò Melli at eurobasket.com - Nicolò Melli at euroleague.net - Nicolò Melli at fiba.com - Nicolò Melli at legabasket.it",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Wong_Yuk-man#P102#0
|
Which political party did Wong Yuk-man belong to between May 1989 and Jun 1989?
|
Wong Yuk-man Raymond Wong Yuk-man ( ; born 1 October 1951 ) is a Hong Kong politician , author , current affairs commentator and radio host . He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , representing the geographical constituency of Kowloon West . He worked in Commercial Radio Hong Kong and hosted many popular phone-in programmes . Also , He is a Founder and Chairman of Mad Dog Daily since 1996 . He was the head of Department in the Faculty of Communication and Journalism of Chu Hai College in Tsuen Wan , Hong Kong , from which he also holds a Masters degree in history . He is a populist and a former chairman of the League of Social Democrats ( LSD ) . He is known for his outspoken manner , harsh criticism of the Chinese Government , and ferocious speeches in defence of the rights of the lower classes ; consequently , he has been given the nicknames Mad Dog ( ) and Rogue Professor ( ) . He currently hosts Wong Yuk-man Channel , a popular radio programme on MyRadio , which is a Hong Kong-based internet radio station founded in 2007 , and as well as Proletariat Political Institute . Early life , publishing venture and talk shows . Wong was born on 1 October 1951 in British Hong Kong with family roots in Lufeng , Guangdong . Wongs father was a close friend of Heung Chin , a general of Nationalist Party of China and founder of the Sun Yee On , one of the leading triads in Hong Kong . He was under the patronage of the Heung family and was sent aboard to study in Taiwan . After he graduated from the Taiwan-affiliated Chu Hai College with a masters degree in history , Wong worked as a journalist and taught at Chu Hai College . He first made his name in the early 1990s when he co-hosted Asia Televisions controversial and hugely popular political commentary programme News Tease . He savaged pro-Beijing politicians until the show was axed after 64 episodes in 1994 , allegedly under pressure from the mainland authorities . In 1990 , Wong used his entire savings - HK$500,000 - to launch News File magazine , but it closed down within two years and left him heavily in debt . On 18 March 1996 , he established Mad Dog Daily , a tabloid with a clear Anti-communism and Anti-Tung stance . However , the paper suffered from a low sales volume , which Wong jokingly blamed on its journalistic integrity and refusal to participate in sensationalist journalism . After the Asian financial crisis , it transformed into a magazine in October 1997 , and then was suspended shortly afterwards . As a result , Wong had to bear debts that amounted to a total of 15 million HKD . He repaid this debt in a matter of years by working on talk shows and other TV programmes . In 2000 , Wong established CyberHK , an IT company that was also unsuccessful , falling victim to the dot-com bubble of 2001 and putting Wong into debt again . To settle the debts , Wong concentrated on his radio talk shows , writing articles for newspapers , and running his beef noodle restaurant . His popularity hit a peak by hosting two weekly shows for Commercial Radio Hong Kong ; had three weekly slots on Radio Television Hong Kong , both on television and radio ; and appeared on prime-time TV at least once a week . In 2003 , Wong converted to Christianity during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong . He was attracted to liberation theology after his contact with the least-privileged in society during the crisis . He was active in mobilising support for the Hong Kong 1 July marches . In 2004 , he took a sabbatical from his talk show Close Encounters of a Political Kind , after being beaten up by gangsters allegedly paid by the Chinese Government , citing political pressure . Following a self-imposed three-month exile in Canada , he returned to Hong Kong where he was sacked from his weeknight political phone-in radio programme , and moved to a late Saturday night slot ( with significantly fewer listeners ) . In less than a year , the programme was cancelled and Wong was effectively and controversially taken off-air . This event was significant for Hong Kong as it meant that there was no longer any outspoken and critical radio talk show host on any Hong Kong radio station . During his time off-air , he continued to run his beef noodle restaurant in Mongkok . Political career . Founding of League of Social Democrats . In 2006 , he co-founded the League of Social Democrats , a self-described social democratic political party which aimed to be a clear-cut opposition party and defend the interests of the grassroots . In 2007 , he made a comeback to phone-in radio talk show , hosting a weekly political radio programme Wong Yuk-man Channel on MyRadio . The show quickly gained popularity and some videos of his broadcasts – captured by a studio camera and uploaded to YouTube – have become some of the most-watched videos in Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man Channel has subsequently become a twice-weekly radio programme , now extended from one hour to 1½ hours . In 2008 , he was appointed a trustee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man refused to co-operate with the other pan-democratic parties Democratic Party and the Civic Party and strongly criticised the two parties for nominating Alan Leong as Chief Executive candidate in the 2007 election , saying that they are not qualified as democrats . In the 2008 Hong Kong Legislative election , he ran in the Kowloon West constituency on a platform of Without struggle there is no change . During the campaign he lambasted the Civic Partys Claudia Mo Man-ching in the same way he did the candidates from the pro-Beijing , pro-government flagship party , the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong ( DAB ) , accusing the Civic Party of applying double standards in its fight for democracy , and being elitist . Wong ultimately gained a seat in the Legislative Council with the second highest number of votes in his constituency . while Mo lost in the election . Legislative Council . Banana throwing incident . Wong Yuk-man introduced a number of innovative actions to Hong Kong politics . On 15 October 2008 , during Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsangs delivery of the Annual Policy Address , Wong and his colleagues Leung Kwok-hung and Albert Chan interrupted Tsangs speech and heckled . Tsang suggested that the HK$625 a month ( US$80 ) Old Age Allowance paid to all senior citizens aged 65 or above be raised to HK$1000 a month ( US$130 ) , but with a means test introduced . Wong believed that this turned what was a gesture of respect to elderly people into welfare and is disrespectful to old people . Wong interrupted Tsangs speech and threw a bunch of bananas at him . The three LSD members were ejected from the chamber for the act . The incident triggered much debate amongst scholars , commentators , fellow politicians , and the general public . The reception has been mixed with even some pro-democratic politicians condemning the attack . One of the most prominent figures in the pro-democratic camp , Anson Chan , released a formal statement criticising the stunt . On the other hand , the elderly of Hong Kong poured onto the streets in a demonstration of mass support for Wong ; some even urged him to do it again . Wong himself has claimed that this controversial move had been successful in raising awareness about the discussion of benefits for the elderly . Indeed , within a week the government raised the fruit money to HK$1000 a month and dropped the proposal for means testing . 2009 Budget Report . Wong caused another uproar when he attempted to snatch the 2009-10 Budget Report midway through reading by the Financial Secretary John Tsang Jun-Wah , saying that it did not address any policies to help lower class and lower middle class citizens in the financial turmoil . Some LegCo members , including several members of the Democratic Party , and the pro-Beijing media together denounced Wongs actions as violent . Wong , however , stated that he did not cause any physical harm to anyone , nor was it his intention to do so . Demonstrators took to the streets in support of Wong and his actions . Despite criticism , Wong commented that , in contrast to past attitudes , Hong Kong society was conservative and many people did not understand or appreciate his actions . Yet he continued to gain support from a niche of the local population , especially those from the grass-roots , for his relatively radical approach . Five Constituencies Referendum and the People Power . In late-2009 and early 2010 , a debate ensued amidst the pro-democracy camp on a more radical approach towards gaining universal suffrage . An agreement was reached between the Civic Party and Wongs League of Social Democrats for five members of their representation in the Legislative Council to resign and participate in a by-election , to create a referendum on the implementation of universal suffrage by 2012 . In January 2010 , Wong , another four lawmakers , Albert Chan , Tanya Chan , Leung Kwok-hung and Alan Leong resigned and participated in the ensuing by-election . On 16 May 2010 , he was re-elected as a lawmaker in the by-election . The turn-out was only 17.7 percent of registered voters . Wong Yuk-man denounced the Democratic Party for negotiating with Beijing and voting for the reform package which he saw as selling out democracy and defecting to the Communist Party of China . LSD protesters attacked the Democratic Party in the following 2010 July 1 march . In January 2010 , Wong stepped down as Chairman of the LSD , handing the chairmanship to Andrew To Kwan-hang . In January 2011 , Wong and Albert Chan announced that they were resigning from the League of Social Democrats over differences with his successor Andrew Tos leadership over what stance to take towards the Democratic Party after Wong Yuk-mans protege Edward Yum failed in passing a no-confidence motion against To . As two of the partys three legislators , the move left the party and the remaining legislator , Leung Kwok-hung ( Long Hair ) , in a difficult position . Wong also said that factional fighting within the party had become so hostile that it was beyond his and Chans ability to rectify the situation . With Chan , he went on to launch People Power , under which name he continued to sit in Legco . In the 2011 July 1 march after leading activists on a march from Wan Chai to Central , Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan organised their supporters to break through a police cordon , occupied a major road in Central and scuffled with the police , bringing traffic to a standstill . Wong and Chan were later arrested for unlawful assembly . They were later convicted in April 2013 . Eastern Court magistrate Joseph To Ho-shing accused Wong of being untrustworthy and lying in a bid to escape the charges . Wong called on his supporters to be well-prepared for a long struggle against the government and said he feared for the day when local courts would be manipulated by the Communist Party . Wong decided to challenge the Democratic Party in the 2011 District Council elections . People Power put forward 62 candidates , many of whom ran in constituencies against Democratic Party candidates . The party won just one seat , in Fung Cheung , where its candidate Johnny Mak Ip-sing did not face another candidate from the pro-democracy camp . Given the poor showing , Albert Chan admitted that the strategy had failed . Nevertheless , he insisted that the party would stay the course . On 20 May 2013 , Wong Yuk-man announced his resignation from People Power . It was believed to be related to his earlier split with Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen , the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter and People Powers financial support over the Occupy Central plan , which he strongly disagreed with . Turn to localism . From 2013 , Wong became increasingly sympathetic to the localist cause . Together with his protege Wong Yeung-tat , they organised memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , as opposed to the main candlelight vigil held by pan-democrats Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China ( HKASPDMC ) , which they criticised it for having a Chinese nationalistic theme . They organised its alternative 4 June rally in Tsim Sha Tsui . The alternative event attracted 200 people in 2013 and 7,000 in 2014 , compared with 180,000 and 150,000 respectively for the main event . Glass throwing incident . On 3 July 2014 during a Q&A session of the Legislative Council , Wong was accused of intentionally hurting Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying by hurling a glass at him in a protest . Wong was charged of common assault . He claimed that he was first intentionally throwing papers towards a location where no one was standing , and he switched to throwing water only when there were not many documents left on the table . He said the glass was released accidentally as security guards were pulling him back . He was later convicted on 19 October 2016 . On 27 September 2018 , Wong Yuk-mans assault conviction was overturned . 2016 Legislative Council election . In the 2016 Legislative Council election , he ran a campaign with militant localist group Civic Passion and Chin Wan to promote their political platform in amending the Basic Law to achieve full autonomy for Hong Kong . He was under attack by his former supporter Ho Chi-kwong , who accused him of his unethical political past . He received an unexpected loss , losing to Yau Wai-ching from the localist Youngspiration by only 424 votes . He blamed his failure on making too many enemies in his political career and not enough effort . He said he would focus on developing the online radio station My Radio . On 14 April 2017 , Wong announced his intention to quit politics , not taking part in political affairs , not participating or organising any political groups , and not joining any elections . Religion . During the outbreak of SARS in 2003 , Wong became a Christian and baptized in 2008 . He helped Media Evangelism Limited , a Christian media organisation in Hong Kong , advertise its films and programmes . In 2006 , Wong recorded songs with the Amazing Grace Worship Music Ministry . His liberal views on gay rights have drawn criticism from Protestant churches . Wong support laws to protect discrimination against gays . He advocated gays should be protected from domestic violence , which was criticised by evangelical churches . He referred to the Society for Truth and Light , a conservative Christian right organisation , as a terrorist organisation , and said many of its activities were nonsense , promoting the Talibanization of Hong Kong . He was a guest of the International Day Against Homophobia protest in Hong Kong on 21 May 2009 . Publications . - Ultimately Arrogant History – The Ten Powerful Courtiers ( ) - Ultimately Cruel History – The Ten Emperors ( ) - Yuk-Man Reveals ( ) External links . - Yukman Wong on Facebook Videos . - Google video ( including YouTube ) search of Raymond Wong Yuk-man
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[
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[
{
"text": " Raymond Wong Yuk-man ( ; born 1 October 1951 ) is a Hong Kong politician , author , current affairs commentator and radio host . He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , representing the geographical constituency of Kowloon West . He worked in Commercial Radio Hong Kong and hosted many popular phone-in programmes . Also , He is a Founder and Chairman of Mad Dog Daily since 1996 .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "He was the head of Department in the Faculty of Communication and Journalism of Chu Hai College in Tsuen Wan , Hong Kong , from which he also holds a Masters degree in history . He is a populist and a former chairman of the League of Social Democrats ( LSD ) . He is known for his outspoken manner , harsh criticism of the Chinese Government , and ferocious speeches in defence of the rights of the lower classes ; consequently , he has been given the nicknames Mad Dog ( ) and Rogue Professor ( ) . He",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "currently hosts Wong Yuk-man Channel , a popular radio programme on MyRadio , which is a Hong Kong-based internet radio station founded in 2007 , and as well as Proletariat Political Institute .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "Wong was born on 1 October 1951 in British Hong Kong with family roots in Lufeng , Guangdong . Wongs father was a close friend of Heung Chin , a general of Nationalist Party of China and founder of the Sun Yee On , one of the leading triads in Hong Kong . He was under the patronage of the Heung family and was sent aboard to study in Taiwan . After he graduated from the Taiwan-affiliated Chu Hai College with a masters degree in history , Wong worked as a journalist and taught at Chu Hai College .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": " He first made his name in the early 1990s when he co-hosted Asia Televisions controversial and hugely popular political commentary programme News Tease . He savaged pro-Beijing politicians until the show was axed after 64 episodes in 1994 , allegedly under pressure from the mainland authorities .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , Wong used his entire savings - HK$500,000 - to launch News File magazine , but it closed down within two years and left him heavily in debt . On 18 March 1996 , he established Mad Dog Daily , a tabloid with a clear Anti-communism and Anti-Tung stance . However , the paper suffered from a low sales volume , which Wong jokingly blamed on its journalistic integrity and refusal to participate in sensationalist journalism . After the Asian financial crisis , it transformed into a magazine in October 1997 , and then was suspended shortly afterwards",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": ". As a result , Wong had to bear debts that amounted to a total of 15 million HKD . He repaid this debt in a matter of years by working on talk shows and other TV programmes .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , Wong established CyberHK , an IT company that was also unsuccessful , falling victim to the dot-com bubble of 2001 and putting Wong into debt again . To settle the debts , Wong concentrated on his radio talk shows , writing articles for newspapers , and running his beef noodle restaurant . His popularity hit a peak by hosting two weekly shows for Commercial Radio Hong Kong ; had three weekly slots on Radio Television Hong Kong , both on television and radio ; and appeared on prime-time TV at least once a week .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Wong converted to Christianity during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong . He was attracted to liberation theology after his contact with the least-privileged in society during the crisis . He was active in mobilising support for the Hong Kong 1 July marches .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , he took a sabbatical from his talk show Close Encounters of a Political Kind , after being beaten up by gangsters allegedly paid by the Chinese Government , citing political pressure . Following a self-imposed three-month exile in Canada , he returned to Hong Kong where he was sacked from his weeknight political phone-in radio programme , and moved to a late Saturday night slot ( with significantly fewer listeners ) . In less than a year , the programme was cancelled and Wong was effectively and controversially taken off-air . This event was significant for Hong",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "Kong as it meant that there was no longer any outspoken and critical radio talk show host on any Hong Kong radio station . During his time off-air , he continued to run his beef noodle restaurant in Mongkok .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he co-founded the League of Social Democrats , a self-described social democratic political party which aimed to be a clear-cut opposition party and defend the interests of the grassroots . In 2007 , he made a comeback to phone-in radio talk show , hosting a weekly political radio programme Wong Yuk-man Channel on MyRadio . The show quickly gained popularity and some videos of his broadcasts – captured by a studio camera and uploaded to YouTube – have become some of the most-watched videos in Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man Channel has subsequently become a twice-weekly radio",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "programme , now extended from one hour to 1½ hours . In 2008 , he was appointed a trustee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Wong Yuk-man refused to co-operate with the other pan-democratic parties Democratic Party and the Civic Party and strongly criticised the two parties for nominating Alan Leong as Chief Executive candidate in the 2007 election , saying that they are not qualified as democrats . In the 2008 Hong Kong Legislative election , he ran in the Kowloon West constituency on a platform of Without struggle there is no change . During the campaign he lambasted the Civic Partys Claudia Mo Man-ching in the same way he did the candidates from the pro-Beijing , pro-government flagship party , the Democratic Alliance",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong ( DAB ) , accusing the Civic Party of applying double standards in its fight for democracy , and being elitist . Wong ultimately gained a seat in the Legislative Council with the second highest number of votes in his constituency . while Mo lost in the election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Wong Yuk-man introduced a number of innovative actions to Hong Kong politics . On 15 October 2008 , during Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsangs delivery of the Annual Policy Address , Wong and his colleagues Leung Kwok-hung and Albert Chan interrupted Tsangs speech and heckled . Tsang suggested that the HK$625 a month ( US$80 ) Old Age Allowance paid to all senior citizens aged 65 or above be raised to HK$1000 a month ( US$130 ) , but with a means test introduced . Wong believed that this turned what was a gesture of respect to elderly people",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "into welfare and is disrespectful to old people . Wong interrupted Tsangs speech and threw a bunch of bananas at him . The three LSD members were ejected from the chamber for the act .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "The incident triggered much debate amongst scholars , commentators , fellow politicians , and the general public . The reception has been mixed with even some pro-democratic politicians condemning the attack . One of the most prominent figures in the pro-democratic camp , Anson Chan , released a formal statement criticising the stunt . On the other hand , the elderly of Hong Kong poured onto the streets in a demonstration of mass support for Wong ; some even urged him to do it again . Wong himself has claimed that this controversial move had been successful in raising awareness",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "about the discussion of benefits for the elderly . Indeed , within a week the government raised the fruit money to HK$1000 a month and dropped the proposal for means testing .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "Wong caused another uproar when he attempted to snatch the 2009-10 Budget Report midway through reading by the Financial Secretary John Tsang Jun-Wah , saying that it did not address any policies to help lower class and lower middle class citizens in the financial turmoil . Some LegCo members , including several members of the Democratic Party , and the pro-Beijing media together denounced Wongs actions as violent . Wong , however , stated that he did not cause any physical harm to anyone , nor was it his intention to do so . Demonstrators took to the streets in",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "support of Wong and his actions .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " Despite criticism , Wong commented that , in contrast to past attitudes , Hong Kong society was conservative and many people did not understand or appreciate his actions . Yet he continued to gain support from a niche of the local population , especially those from the grass-roots , for his relatively radical approach . Five Constituencies Referendum and the People Power .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In late-2009 and early 2010 , a debate ensued amidst the pro-democracy camp on a more radical approach towards gaining universal suffrage . An agreement was reached between the Civic Party and Wongs League of Social Democrats for five members of their representation in the Legislative Council to resign and participate in a by-election , to create a referendum on the implementation of universal suffrage by 2012 . In January 2010 , Wong , another four lawmakers , Albert Chan , Tanya Chan , Leung Kwok-hung and Alan Leong resigned and participated in the ensuing by-election . On 16 May",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "2010 , he was re-elected as a lawmaker in the by-election . The turn-out was only 17.7 percent of registered voters . Wong Yuk-man denounced the Democratic Party for negotiating with Beijing and voting for the reform package which he saw as selling out democracy and defecting to the Communist Party of China . LSD protesters attacked the Democratic Party in the following 2010 July 1 march .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In January 2010 , Wong stepped down as Chairman of the LSD , handing the chairmanship to Andrew To Kwan-hang . In January 2011 , Wong and Albert Chan announced that they were resigning from the League of Social Democrats over differences with his successor Andrew Tos leadership over what stance to take towards the Democratic Party after Wong Yuk-mans protege Edward Yum failed in passing a no-confidence motion against To . As two of the partys three legislators , the move left the party and the remaining legislator , Leung Kwok-hung ( Long Hair ) , in a difficult",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "position . Wong also said that factional fighting within the party had become so hostile that it was beyond his and Chans ability to rectify the situation . With Chan , he went on to launch People Power , under which name he continued to sit in Legco .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 July 1 march after leading activists on a march from Wan Chai to Central , Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan organised their supporters to break through a police cordon , occupied a major road in Central and scuffled with the police , bringing traffic to a standstill . Wong and Chan were later arrested for unlawful assembly . They were later convicted in April 2013 . Eastern Court magistrate Joseph To Ho-shing accused Wong of being untrustworthy and lying in a bid to escape the charges . Wong called on his supporters to be well-prepared for a",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "long struggle against the government and said he feared for the day when local courts would be manipulated by the Communist Party .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " Wong decided to challenge the Democratic Party in the 2011 District Council elections . People Power put forward 62 candidates , many of whom ran in constituencies against Democratic Party candidates . The party won just one seat , in Fung Cheung , where its candidate Johnny Mak Ip-sing did not face another candidate from the pro-democracy camp . Given the poor showing , Albert Chan admitted that the strategy had failed . Nevertheless , he insisted that the party would stay the course .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "On 20 May 2013 , Wong Yuk-man announced his resignation from People Power . It was believed to be related to his earlier split with Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen , the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter and People Powers financial support over the Occupy Central plan , which he strongly disagreed with .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "From 2013 , Wong became increasingly sympathetic to the localist cause . Together with his protege Wong Yeung-tat , they organised memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , as opposed to the main candlelight vigil held by pan-democrats Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China ( HKASPDMC ) , which they criticised it for having a Chinese nationalistic theme . They organised its alternative 4 June rally in Tsim Sha Tsui . The alternative event attracted 200 people in 2013 and 7,000 in 2014 , compared with 180,000 and 150,000 respectively for the main",
"title": "Turn to localism"
},
{
"text": "event .",
"title": "Turn to localism"
},
{
"text": "On 3 July 2014 during a Q&A session of the Legislative Council , Wong was accused of intentionally hurting Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying by hurling a glass at him in a protest . Wong was charged of common assault . He claimed that he was first intentionally throwing papers towards a location where no one was standing , and he switched to throwing water only when there were not many documents left on the table . He said the glass was released accidentally as security guards were pulling him back . He was later convicted on 19 October 2016 .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " On 27 September 2018 , Wong Yuk-mans assault conviction was overturned . 2016 Legislative Council election .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In the 2016 Legislative Council election , he ran a campaign with militant localist group Civic Passion and Chin Wan to promote their political platform in amending the Basic Law to achieve full autonomy for Hong Kong . He was under attack by his former supporter Ho Chi-kwong , who accused him of his unethical political past . He received an unexpected loss , losing to Yau Wai-ching from the localist Youngspiration by only 424 votes . He blamed his failure on making too many enemies in his political career and not enough effort . He said he would focus",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "on developing the online radio station My Radio .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " On 14 April 2017 , Wong announced his intention to quit politics , not taking part in political affairs , not participating or organising any political groups , and not joining any elections .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " During the outbreak of SARS in 2003 , Wong became a Christian and baptized in 2008 . He helped Media Evangelism Limited , a Christian media organisation in Hong Kong , advertise its films and programmes . In 2006 , Wong recorded songs with the Amazing Grace Worship Music Ministry .",
"title": "Religion"
},
{
"text": "His liberal views on gay rights have drawn criticism from Protestant churches . Wong support laws to protect discrimination against gays . He advocated gays should be protected from domestic violence , which was criticised by evangelical churches . He referred to the Society for Truth and Light , a conservative Christian right organisation , as a terrorist organisation , and said many of its activities were nonsense , promoting the Talibanization of Hong Kong . He was a guest of the International Day Against Homophobia protest in Hong Kong on 21 May 2009 .",
"title": "Religion"
},
{
"text": " - Ultimately Arrogant History – The Ten Powerful Courtiers ( ) - Ultimately Cruel History – The Ten Emperors ( ) - Yuk-Man Reveals ( )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Google video ( including YouTube ) search of Raymond Wong Yuk-man",
"title": "Videos"
}
] |
/wiki/Wong_Yuk-man#P102#1
|
Which political party did Wong Yuk-man belong to in late 2000s?
|
Wong Yuk-man Raymond Wong Yuk-man ( ; born 1 October 1951 ) is a Hong Kong politician , author , current affairs commentator and radio host . He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , representing the geographical constituency of Kowloon West . He worked in Commercial Radio Hong Kong and hosted many popular phone-in programmes . Also , He is a Founder and Chairman of Mad Dog Daily since 1996 . He was the head of Department in the Faculty of Communication and Journalism of Chu Hai College in Tsuen Wan , Hong Kong , from which he also holds a Masters degree in history . He is a populist and a former chairman of the League of Social Democrats ( LSD ) . He is known for his outspoken manner , harsh criticism of the Chinese Government , and ferocious speeches in defence of the rights of the lower classes ; consequently , he has been given the nicknames Mad Dog ( ) and Rogue Professor ( ) . He currently hosts Wong Yuk-man Channel , a popular radio programme on MyRadio , which is a Hong Kong-based internet radio station founded in 2007 , and as well as Proletariat Political Institute . Early life , publishing venture and talk shows . Wong was born on 1 October 1951 in British Hong Kong with family roots in Lufeng , Guangdong . Wongs father was a close friend of Heung Chin , a general of Nationalist Party of China and founder of the Sun Yee On , one of the leading triads in Hong Kong . He was under the patronage of the Heung family and was sent aboard to study in Taiwan . After he graduated from the Taiwan-affiliated Chu Hai College with a masters degree in history , Wong worked as a journalist and taught at Chu Hai College . He first made his name in the early 1990s when he co-hosted Asia Televisions controversial and hugely popular political commentary programme News Tease . He savaged pro-Beijing politicians until the show was axed after 64 episodes in 1994 , allegedly under pressure from the mainland authorities . In 1990 , Wong used his entire savings - HK$500,000 - to launch News File magazine , but it closed down within two years and left him heavily in debt . On 18 March 1996 , he established Mad Dog Daily , a tabloid with a clear Anti-communism and Anti-Tung stance . However , the paper suffered from a low sales volume , which Wong jokingly blamed on its journalistic integrity and refusal to participate in sensationalist journalism . After the Asian financial crisis , it transformed into a magazine in October 1997 , and then was suspended shortly afterwards . As a result , Wong had to bear debts that amounted to a total of 15 million HKD . He repaid this debt in a matter of years by working on talk shows and other TV programmes . In 2000 , Wong established CyberHK , an IT company that was also unsuccessful , falling victim to the dot-com bubble of 2001 and putting Wong into debt again . To settle the debts , Wong concentrated on his radio talk shows , writing articles for newspapers , and running his beef noodle restaurant . His popularity hit a peak by hosting two weekly shows for Commercial Radio Hong Kong ; had three weekly slots on Radio Television Hong Kong , both on television and radio ; and appeared on prime-time TV at least once a week . In 2003 , Wong converted to Christianity during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong . He was attracted to liberation theology after his contact with the least-privileged in society during the crisis . He was active in mobilising support for the Hong Kong 1 July marches . In 2004 , he took a sabbatical from his talk show Close Encounters of a Political Kind , after being beaten up by gangsters allegedly paid by the Chinese Government , citing political pressure . Following a self-imposed three-month exile in Canada , he returned to Hong Kong where he was sacked from his weeknight political phone-in radio programme , and moved to a late Saturday night slot ( with significantly fewer listeners ) . In less than a year , the programme was cancelled and Wong was effectively and controversially taken off-air . This event was significant for Hong Kong as it meant that there was no longer any outspoken and critical radio talk show host on any Hong Kong radio station . During his time off-air , he continued to run his beef noodle restaurant in Mongkok . Political career . Founding of League of Social Democrats . In 2006 , he co-founded the League of Social Democrats , a self-described social democratic political party which aimed to be a clear-cut opposition party and defend the interests of the grassroots . In 2007 , he made a comeback to phone-in radio talk show , hosting a weekly political radio programme Wong Yuk-man Channel on MyRadio . The show quickly gained popularity and some videos of his broadcasts – captured by a studio camera and uploaded to YouTube – have become some of the most-watched videos in Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man Channel has subsequently become a twice-weekly radio programme , now extended from one hour to 1½ hours . In 2008 , he was appointed a trustee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man refused to co-operate with the other pan-democratic parties Democratic Party and the Civic Party and strongly criticised the two parties for nominating Alan Leong as Chief Executive candidate in the 2007 election , saying that they are not qualified as democrats . In the 2008 Hong Kong Legislative election , he ran in the Kowloon West constituency on a platform of Without struggle there is no change . During the campaign he lambasted the Civic Partys Claudia Mo Man-ching in the same way he did the candidates from the pro-Beijing , pro-government flagship party , the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong ( DAB ) , accusing the Civic Party of applying double standards in its fight for democracy , and being elitist . Wong ultimately gained a seat in the Legislative Council with the second highest number of votes in his constituency . while Mo lost in the election . Legislative Council . Banana throwing incident . Wong Yuk-man introduced a number of innovative actions to Hong Kong politics . On 15 October 2008 , during Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsangs delivery of the Annual Policy Address , Wong and his colleagues Leung Kwok-hung and Albert Chan interrupted Tsangs speech and heckled . Tsang suggested that the HK$625 a month ( US$80 ) Old Age Allowance paid to all senior citizens aged 65 or above be raised to HK$1000 a month ( US$130 ) , but with a means test introduced . Wong believed that this turned what was a gesture of respect to elderly people into welfare and is disrespectful to old people . Wong interrupted Tsangs speech and threw a bunch of bananas at him . The three LSD members were ejected from the chamber for the act . The incident triggered much debate amongst scholars , commentators , fellow politicians , and the general public . The reception has been mixed with even some pro-democratic politicians condemning the attack . One of the most prominent figures in the pro-democratic camp , Anson Chan , released a formal statement criticising the stunt . On the other hand , the elderly of Hong Kong poured onto the streets in a demonstration of mass support for Wong ; some even urged him to do it again . Wong himself has claimed that this controversial move had been successful in raising awareness about the discussion of benefits for the elderly . Indeed , within a week the government raised the fruit money to HK$1000 a month and dropped the proposal for means testing . 2009 Budget Report . Wong caused another uproar when he attempted to snatch the 2009-10 Budget Report midway through reading by the Financial Secretary John Tsang Jun-Wah , saying that it did not address any policies to help lower class and lower middle class citizens in the financial turmoil . Some LegCo members , including several members of the Democratic Party , and the pro-Beijing media together denounced Wongs actions as violent . Wong , however , stated that he did not cause any physical harm to anyone , nor was it his intention to do so . Demonstrators took to the streets in support of Wong and his actions . Despite criticism , Wong commented that , in contrast to past attitudes , Hong Kong society was conservative and many people did not understand or appreciate his actions . Yet he continued to gain support from a niche of the local population , especially those from the grass-roots , for his relatively radical approach . Five Constituencies Referendum and the People Power . In late-2009 and early 2010 , a debate ensued amidst the pro-democracy camp on a more radical approach towards gaining universal suffrage . An agreement was reached between the Civic Party and Wongs League of Social Democrats for five members of their representation in the Legislative Council to resign and participate in a by-election , to create a referendum on the implementation of universal suffrage by 2012 . In January 2010 , Wong , another four lawmakers , Albert Chan , Tanya Chan , Leung Kwok-hung and Alan Leong resigned and participated in the ensuing by-election . On 16 May 2010 , he was re-elected as a lawmaker in the by-election . The turn-out was only 17.7 percent of registered voters . Wong Yuk-man denounced the Democratic Party for negotiating with Beijing and voting for the reform package which he saw as selling out democracy and defecting to the Communist Party of China . LSD protesters attacked the Democratic Party in the following 2010 July 1 march . In January 2010 , Wong stepped down as Chairman of the LSD , handing the chairmanship to Andrew To Kwan-hang . In January 2011 , Wong and Albert Chan announced that they were resigning from the League of Social Democrats over differences with his successor Andrew Tos leadership over what stance to take towards the Democratic Party after Wong Yuk-mans protege Edward Yum failed in passing a no-confidence motion against To . As two of the partys three legislators , the move left the party and the remaining legislator , Leung Kwok-hung ( Long Hair ) , in a difficult position . Wong also said that factional fighting within the party had become so hostile that it was beyond his and Chans ability to rectify the situation . With Chan , he went on to launch People Power , under which name he continued to sit in Legco . In the 2011 July 1 march after leading activists on a march from Wan Chai to Central , Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan organised their supporters to break through a police cordon , occupied a major road in Central and scuffled with the police , bringing traffic to a standstill . Wong and Chan were later arrested for unlawful assembly . They were later convicted in April 2013 . Eastern Court magistrate Joseph To Ho-shing accused Wong of being untrustworthy and lying in a bid to escape the charges . Wong called on his supporters to be well-prepared for a long struggle against the government and said he feared for the day when local courts would be manipulated by the Communist Party . Wong decided to challenge the Democratic Party in the 2011 District Council elections . People Power put forward 62 candidates , many of whom ran in constituencies against Democratic Party candidates . The party won just one seat , in Fung Cheung , where its candidate Johnny Mak Ip-sing did not face another candidate from the pro-democracy camp . Given the poor showing , Albert Chan admitted that the strategy had failed . Nevertheless , he insisted that the party would stay the course . On 20 May 2013 , Wong Yuk-man announced his resignation from People Power . It was believed to be related to his earlier split with Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen , the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter and People Powers financial support over the Occupy Central plan , which he strongly disagreed with . Turn to localism . From 2013 , Wong became increasingly sympathetic to the localist cause . Together with his protege Wong Yeung-tat , they organised memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , as opposed to the main candlelight vigil held by pan-democrats Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China ( HKASPDMC ) , which they criticised it for having a Chinese nationalistic theme . They organised its alternative 4 June rally in Tsim Sha Tsui . The alternative event attracted 200 people in 2013 and 7,000 in 2014 , compared with 180,000 and 150,000 respectively for the main event . Glass throwing incident . On 3 July 2014 during a Q&A session of the Legislative Council , Wong was accused of intentionally hurting Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying by hurling a glass at him in a protest . Wong was charged of common assault . He claimed that he was first intentionally throwing papers towards a location where no one was standing , and he switched to throwing water only when there were not many documents left on the table . He said the glass was released accidentally as security guards were pulling him back . He was later convicted on 19 October 2016 . On 27 September 2018 , Wong Yuk-mans assault conviction was overturned . 2016 Legislative Council election . In the 2016 Legislative Council election , he ran a campaign with militant localist group Civic Passion and Chin Wan to promote their political platform in amending the Basic Law to achieve full autonomy for Hong Kong . He was under attack by his former supporter Ho Chi-kwong , who accused him of his unethical political past . He received an unexpected loss , losing to Yau Wai-ching from the localist Youngspiration by only 424 votes . He blamed his failure on making too many enemies in his political career and not enough effort . He said he would focus on developing the online radio station My Radio . On 14 April 2017 , Wong announced his intention to quit politics , not taking part in political affairs , not participating or organising any political groups , and not joining any elections . Religion . During the outbreak of SARS in 2003 , Wong became a Christian and baptized in 2008 . He helped Media Evangelism Limited , a Christian media organisation in Hong Kong , advertise its films and programmes . In 2006 , Wong recorded songs with the Amazing Grace Worship Music Ministry . His liberal views on gay rights have drawn criticism from Protestant churches . Wong support laws to protect discrimination against gays . He advocated gays should be protected from domestic violence , which was criticised by evangelical churches . He referred to the Society for Truth and Light , a conservative Christian right organisation , as a terrorist organisation , and said many of its activities were nonsense , promoting the Talibanization of Hong Kong . He was a guest of the International Day Against Homophobia protest in Hong Kong on 21 May 2009 . Publications . - Ultimately Arrogant History – The Ten Powerful Courtiers ( ) - Ultimately Cruel History – The Ten Emperors ( ) - Yuk-Man Reveals ( ) External links . - Yukman Wong on Facebook Videos . - Google video ( including YouTube ) search of Raymond Wong Yuk-man
|
[
"League of Social Democrats"
] |
[
{
"text": " Raymond Wong Yuk-man ( ; born 1 October 1951 ) is a Hong Kong politician , author , current affairs commentator and radio host . He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , representing the geographical constituency of Kowloon West . He worked in Commercial Radio Hong Kong and hosted many popular phone-in programmes . Also , He is a Founder and Chairman of Mad Dog Daily since 1996 .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "He was the head of Department in the Faculty of Communication and Journalism of Chu Hai College in Tsuen Wan , Hong Kong , from which he also holds a Masters degree in history . He is a populist and a former chairman of the League of Social Democrats ( LSD ) . He is known for his outspoken manner , harsh criticism of the Chinese Government , and ferocious speeches in defence of the rights of the lower classes ; consequently , he has been given the nicknames Mad Dog ( ) and Rogue Professor ( ) . He",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "currently hosts Wong Yuk-man Channel , a popular radio programme on MyRadio , which is a Hong Kong-based internet radio station founded in 2007 , and as well as Proletariat Political Institute .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "Wong was born on 1 October 1951 in British Hong Kong with family roots in Lufeng , Guangdong . Wongs father was a close friend of Heung Chin , a general of Nationalist Party of China and founder of the Sun Yee On , one of the leading triads in Hong Kong . He was under the patronage of the Heung family and was sent aboard to study in Taiwan . After he graduated from the Taiwan-affiliated Chu Hai College with a masters degree in history , Wong worked as a journalist and taught at Chu Hai College .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": " He first made his name in the early 1990s when he co-hosted Asia Televisions controversial and hugely popular political commentary programme News Tease . He savaged pro-Beijing politicians until the show was axed after 64 episodes in 1994 , allegedly under pressure from the mainland authorities .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , Wong used his entire savings - HK$500,000 - to launch News File magazine , but it closed down within two years and left him heavily in debt . On 18 March 1996 , he established Mad Dog Daily , a tabloid with a clear Anti-communism and Anti-Tung stance . However , the paper suffered from a low sales volume , which Wong jokingly blamed on its journalistic integrity and refusal to participate in sensationalist journalism . After the Asian financial crisis , it transformed into a magazine in October 1997 , and then was suspended shortly afterwards",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": ". As a result , Wong had to bear debts that amounted to a total of 15 million HKD . He repaid this debt in a matter of years by working on talk shows and other TV programmes .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , Wong established CyberHK , an IT company that was also unsuccessful , falling victim to the dot-com bubble of 2001 and putting Wong into debt again . To settle the debts , Wong concentrated on his radio talk shows , writing articles for newspapers , and running his beef noodle restaurant . His popularity hit a peak by hosting two weekly shows for Commercial Radio Hong Kong ; had three weekly slots on Radio Television Hong Kong , both on television and radio ; and appeared on prime-time TV at least once a week .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Wong converted to Christianity during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong . He was attracted to liberation theology after his contact with the least-privileged in society during the crisis . He was active in mobilising support for the Hong Kong 1 July marches .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , he took a sabbatical from his talk show Close Encounters of a Political Kind , after being beaten up by gangsters allegedly paid by the Chinese Government , citing political pressure . Following a self-imposed three-month exile in Canada , he returned to Hong Kong where he was sacked from his weeknight political phone-in radio programme , and moved to a late Saturday night slot ( with significantly fewer listeners ) . In less than a year , the programme was cancelled and Wong was effectively and controversially taken off-air . This event was significant for Hong",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "Kong as it meant that there was no longer any outspoken and critical radio talk show host on any Hong Kong radio station . During his time off-air , he continued to run his beef noodle restaurant in Mongkok .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he co-founded the League of Social Democrats , a self-described social democratic political party which aimed to be a clear-cut opposition party and defend the interests of the grassroots . In 2007 , he made a comeback to phone-in radio talk show , hosting a weekly political radio programme Wong Yuk-man Channel on MyRadio . The show quickly gained popularity and some videos of his broadcasts – captured by a studio camera and uploaded to YouTube – have become some of the most-watched videos in Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man Channel has subsequently become a twice-weekly radio",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "programme , now extended from one hour to 1½ hours . In 2008 , he was appointed a trustee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Wong Yuk-man refused to co-operate with the other pan-democratic parties Democratic Party and the Civic Party and strongly criticised the two parties for nominating Alan Leong as Chief Executive candidate in the 2007 election , saying that they are not qualified as democrats . In the 2008 Hong Kong Legislative election , he ran in the Kowloon West constituency on a platform of Without struggle there is no change . During the campaign he lambasted the Civic Partys Claudia Mo Man-ching in the same way he did the candidates from the pro-Beijing , pro-government flagship party , the Democratic Alliance",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong ( DAB ) , accusing the Civic Party of applying double standards in its fight for democracy , and being elitist . Wong ultimately gained a seat in the Legislative Council with the second highest number of votes in his constituency . while Mo lost in the election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Wong Yuk-man introduced a number of innovative actions to Hong Kong politics . On 15 October 2008 , during Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsangs delivery of the Annual Policy Address , Wong and his colleagues Leung Kwok-hung and Albert Chan interrupted Tsangs speech and heckled . Tsang suggested that the HK$625 a month ( US$80 ) Old Age Allowance paid to all senior citizens aged 65 or above be raised to HK$1000 a month ( US$130 ) , but with a means test introduced . Wong believed that this turned what was a gesture of respect to elderly people",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "into welfare and is disrespectful to old people . Wong interrupted Tsangs speech and threw a bunch of bananas at him . The three LSD members were ejected from the chamber for the act .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "The incident triggered much debate amongst scholars , commentators , fellow politicians , and the general public . The reception has been mixed with even some pro-democratic politicians condemning the attack . One of the most prominent figures in the pro-democratic camp , Anson Chan , released a formal statement criticising the stunt . On the other hand , the elderly of Hong Kong poured onto the streets in a demonstration of mass support for Wong ; some even urged him to do it again . Wong himself has claimed that this controversial move had been successful in raising awareness",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "about the discussion of benefits for the elderly . Indeed , within a week the government raised the fruit money to HK$1000 a month and dropped the proposal for means testing .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "Wong caused another uproar when he attempted to snatch the 2009-10 Budget Report midway through reading by the Financial Secretary John Tsang Jun-Wah , saying that it did not address any policies to help lower class and lower middle class citizens in the financial turmoil . Some LegCo members , including several members of the Democratic Party , and the pro-Beijing media together denounced Wongs actions as violent . Wong , however , stated that he did not cause any physical harm to anyone , nor was it his intention to do so . Demonstrators took to the streets in",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "support of Wong and his actions .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " Despite criticism , Wong commented that , in contrast to past attitudes , Hong Kong society was conservative and many people did not understand or appreciate his actions . Yet he continued to gain support from a niche of the local population , especially those from the grass-roots , for his relatively radical approach . Five Constituencies Referendum and the People Power .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In late-2009 and early 2010 , a debate ensued amidst the pro-democracy camp on a more radical approach towards gaining universal suffrage . An agreement was reached between the Civic Party and Wongs League of Social Democrats for five members of their representation in the Legislative Council to resign and participate in a by-election , to create a referendum on the implementation of universal suffrage by 2012 . In January 2010 , Wong , another four lawmakers , Albert Chan , Tanya Chan , Leung Kwok-hung and Alan Leong resigned and participated in the ensuing by-election . On 16 May",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "2010 , he was re-elected as a lawmaker in the by-election . The turn-out was only 17.7 percent of registered voters . Wong Yuk-man denounced the Democratic Party for negotiating with Beijing and voting for the reform package which he saw as selling out democracy and defecting to the Communist Party of China . LSD protesters attacked the Democratic Party in the following 2010 July 1 march .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In January 2010 , Wong stepped down as Chairman of the LSD , handing the chairmanship to Andrew To Kwan-hang . In January 2011 , Wong and Albert Chan announced that they were resigning from the League of Social Democrats over differences with his successor Andrew Tos leadership over what stance to take towards the Democratic Party after Wong Yuk-mans protege Edward Yum failed in passing a no-confidence motion against To . As two of the partys three legislators , the move left the party and the remaining legislator , Leung Kwok-hung ( Long Hair ) , in a difficult",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "position . Wong also said that factional fighting within the party had become so hostile that it was beyond his and Chans ability to rectify the situation . With Chan , he went on to launch People Power , under which name he continued to sit in Legco .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 July 1 march after leading activists on a march from Wan Chai to Central , Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan organised their supporters to break through a police cordon , occupied a major road in Central and scuffled with the police , bringing traffic to a standstill . Wong and Chan were later arrested for unlawful assembly . They were later convicted in April 2013 . Eastern Court magistrate Joseph To Ho-shing accused Wong of being untrustworthy and lying in a bid to escape the charges . Wong called on his supporters to be well-prepared for a",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "long struggle against the government and said he feared for the day when local courts would be manipulated by the Communist Party .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " Wong decided to challenge the Democratic Party in the 2011 District Council elections . People Power put forward 62 candidates , many of whom ran in constituencies against Democratic Party candidates . The party won just one seat , in Fung Cheung , where its candidate Johnny Mak Ip-sing did not face another candidate from the pro-democracy camp . Given the poor showing , Albert Chan admitted that the strategy had failed . Nevertheless , he insisted that the party would stay the course .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "On 20 May 2013 , Wong Yuk-man announced his resignation from People Power . It was believed to be related to his earlier split with Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen , the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter and People Powers financial support over the Occupy Central plan , which he strongly disagreed with .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "From 2013 , Wong became increasingly sympathetic to the localist cause . Together with his protege Wong Yeung-tat , they organised memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , as opposed to the main candlelight vigil held by pan-democrats Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China ( HKASPDMC ) , which they criticised it for having a Chinese nationalistic theme . They organised its alternative 4 June rally in Tsim Sha Tsui . The alternative event attracted 200 people in 2013 and 7,000 in 2014 , compared with 180,000 and 150,000 respectively for the main",
"title": "Turn to localism"
},
{
"text": "event .",
"title": "Turn to localism"
},
{
"text": "On 3 July 2014 during a Q&A session of the Legislative Council , Wong was accused of intentionally hurting Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying by hurling a glass at him in a protest . Wong was charged of common assault . He claimed that he was first intentionally throwing papers towards a location where no one was standing , and he switched to throwing water only when there were not many documents left on the table . He said the glass was released accidentally as security guards were pulling him back . He was later convicted on 19 October 2016 .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " On 27 September 2018 , Wong Yuk-mans assault conviction was overturned . 2016 Legislative Council election .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In the 2016 Legislative Council election , he ran a campaign with militant localist group Civic Passion and Chin Wan to promote their political platform in amending the Basic Law to achieve full autonomy for Hong Kong . He was under attack by his former supporter Ho Chi-kwong , who accused him of his unethical political past . He received an unexpected loss , losing to Yau Wai-ching from the localist Youngspiration by only 424 votes . He blamed his failure on making too many enemies in his political career and not enough effort . He said he would focus",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "on developing the online radio station My Radio .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " On 14 April 2017 , Wong announced his intention to quit politics , not taking part in political affairs , not participating or organising any political groups , and not joining any elections .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " During the outbreak of SARS in 2003 , Wong became a Christian and baptized in 2008 . He helped Media Evangelism Limited , a Christian media organisation in Hong Kong , advertise its films and programmes . In 2006 , Wong recorded songs with the Amazing Grace Worship Music Ministry .",
"title": "Religion"
},
{
"text": "His liberal views on gay rights have drawn criticism from Protestant churches . Wong support laws to protect discrimination against gays . He advocated gays should be protected from domestic violence , which was criticised by evangelical churches . He referred to the Society for Truth and Light , a conservative Christian right organisation , as a terrorist organisation , and said many of its activities were nonsense , promoting the Talibanization of Hong Kong . He was a guest of the International Day Against Homophobia protest in Hong Kong on 21 May 2009 .",
"title": "Religion"
},
{
"text": " - Ultimately Arrogant History – The Ten Powerful Courtiers ( ) - Ultimately Cruel History – The Ten Emperors ( ) - Yuk-Man Reveals ( )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Google video ( including YouTube ) search of Raymond Wong Yuk-man",
"title": "Videos"
}
] |
/wiki/Wong_Yuk-man#P102#2
|
Which political party did Wong Yuk-man belong to between Jul 2011 and Nov 2012?
|
Wong Yuk-man Raymond Wong Yuk-man ( ; born 1 October 1951 ) is a Hong Kong politician , author , current affairs commentator and radio host . He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , representing the geographical constituency of Kowloon West . He worked in Commercial Radio Hong Kong and hosted many popular phone-in programmes . Also , He is a Founder and Chairman of Mad Dog Daily since 1996 . He was the head of Department in the Faculty of Communication and Journalism of Chu Hai College in Tsuen Wan , Hong Kong , from which he also holds a Masters degree in history . He is a populist and a former chairman of the League of Social Democrats ( LSD ) . He is known for his outspoken manner , harsh criticism of the Chinese Government , and ferocious speeches in defence of the rights of the lower classes ; consequently , he has been given the nicknames Mad Dog ( ) and Rogue Professor ( ) . He currently hosts Wong Yuk-man Channel , a popular radio programme on MyRadio , which is a Hong Kong-based internet radio station founded in 2007 , and as well as Proletariat Political Institute . Early life , publishing venture and talk shows . Wong was born on 1 October 1951 in British Hong Kong with family roots in Lufeng , Guangdong . Wongs father was a close friend of Heung Chin , a general of Nationalist Party of China and founder of the Sun Yee On , one of the leading triads in Hong Kong . He was under the patronage of the Heung family and was sent aboard to study in Taiwan . After he graduated from the Taiwan-affiliated Chu Hai College with a masters degree in history , Wong worked as a journalist and taught at Chu Hai College . He first made his name in the early 1990s when he co-hosted Asia Televisions controversial and hugely popular political commentary programme News Tease . He savaged pro-Beijing politicians until the show was axed after 64 episodes in 1994 , allegedly under pressure from the mainland authorities . In 1990 , Wong used his entire savings - HK$500,000 - to launch News File magazine , but it closed down within two years and left him heavily in debt . On 18 March 1996 , he established Mad Dog Daily , a tabloid with a clear Anti-communism and Anti-Tung stance . However , the paper suffered from a low sales volume , which Wong jokingly blamed on its journalistic integrity and refusal to participate in sensationalist journalism . After the Asian financial crisis , it transformed into a magazine in October 1997 , and then was suspended shortly afterwards . As a result , Wong had to bear debts that amounted to a total of 15 million HKD . He repaid this debt in a matter of years by working on talk shows and other TV programmes . In 2000 , Wong established CyberHK , an IT company that was also unsuccessful , falling victim to the dot-com bubble of 2001 and putting Wong into debt again . To settle the debts , Wong concentrated on his radio talk shows , writing articles for newspapers , and running his beef noodle restaurant . His popularity hit a peak by hosting two weekly shows for Commercial Radio Hong Kong ; had three weekly slots on Radio Television Hong Kong , both on television and radio ; and appeared on prime-time TV at least once a week . In 2003 , Wong converted to Christianity during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong . He was attracted to liberation theology after his contact with the least-privileged in society during the crisis . He was active in mobilising support for the Hong Kong 1 July marches . In 2004 , he took a sabbatical from his talk show Close Encounters of a Political Kind , after being beaten up by gangsters allegedly paid by the Chinese Government , citing political pressure . Following a self-imposed three-month exile in Canada , he returned to Hong Kong where he was sacked from his weeknight political phone-in radio programme , and moved to a late Saturday night slot ( with significantly fewer listeners ) . In less than a year , the programme was cancelled and Wong was effectively and controversially taken off-air . This event was significant for Hong Kong as it meant that there was no longer any outspoken and critical radio talk show host on any Hong Kong radio station . During his time off-air , he continued to run his beef noodle restaurant in Mongkok . Political career . Founding of League of Social Democrats . In 2006 , he co-founded the League of Social Democrats , a self-described social democratic political party which aimed to be a clear-cut opposition party and defend the interests of the grassroots . In 2007 , he made a comeback to phone-in radio talk show , hosting a weekly political radio programme Wong Yuk-man Channel on MyRadio . The show quickly gained popularity and some videos of his broadcasts – captured by a studio camera and uploaded to YouTube – have become some of the most-watched videos in Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man Channel has subsequently become a twice-weekly radio programme , now extended from one hour to 1½ hours . In 2008 , he was appointed a trustee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man refused to co-operate with the other pan-democratic parties Democratic Party and the Civic Party and strongly criticised the two parties for nominating Alan Leong as Chief Executive candidate in the 2007 election , saying that they are not qualified as democrats . In the 2008 Hong Kong Legislative election , he ran in the Kowloon West constituency on a platform of Without struggle there is no change . During the campaign he lambasted the Civic Partys Claudia Mo Man-ching in the same way he did the candidates from the pro-Beijing , pro-government flagship party , the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong ( DAB ) , accusing the Civic Party of applying double standards in its fight for democracy , and being elitist . Wong ultimately gained a seat in the Legislative Council with the second highest number of votes in his constituency . while Mo lost in the election . Legislative Council . Banana throwing incident . Wong Yuk-man introduced a number of innovative actions to Hong Kong politics . On 15 October 2008 , during Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsangs delivery of the Annual Policy Address , Wong and his colleagues Leung Kwok-hung and Albert Chan interrupted Tsangs speech and heckled . Tsang suggested that the HK$625 a month ( US$80 ) Old Age Allowance paid to all senior citizens aged 65 or above be raised to HK$1000 a month ( US$130 ) , but with a means test introduced . Wong believed that this turned what was a gesture of respect to elderly people into welfare and is disrespectful to old people . Wong interrupted Tsangs speech and threw a bunch of bananas at him . The three LSD members were ejected from the chamber for the act . The incident triggered much debate amongst scholars , commentators , fellow politicians , and the general public . The reception has been mixed with even some pro-democratic politicians condemning the attack . One of the most prominent figures in the pro-democratic camp , Anson Chan , released a formal statement criticising the stunt . On the other hand , the elderly of Hong Kong poured onto the streets in a demonstration of mass support for Wong ; some even urged him to do it again . Wong himself has claimed that this controversial move had been successful in raising awareness about the discussion of benefits for the elderly . Indeed , within a week the government raised the fruit money to HK$1000 a month and dropped the proposal for means testing . 2009 Budget Report . Wong caused another uproar when he attempted to snatch the 2009-10 Budget Report midway through reading by the Financial Secretary John Tsang Jun-Wah , saying that it did not address any policies to help lower class and lower middle class citizens in the financial turmoil . Some LegCo members , including several members of the Democratic Party , and the pro-Beijing media together denounced Wongs actions as violent . Wong , however , stated that he did not cause any physical harm to anyone , nor was it his intention to do so . Demonstrators took to the streets in support of Wong and his actions . Despite criticism , Wong commented that , in contrast to past attitudes , Hong Kong society was conservative and many people did not understand or appreciate his actions . Yet he continued to gain support from a niche of the local population , especially those from the grass-roots , for his relatively radical approach . Five Constituencies Referendum and the People Power . In late-2009 and early 2010 , a debate ensued amidst the pro-democracy camp on a more radical approach towards gaining universal suffrage . An agreement was reached between the Civic Party and Wongs League of Social Democrats for five members of their representation in the Legislative Council to resign and participate in a by-election , to create a referendum on the implementation of universal suffrage by 2012 . In January 2010 , Wong , another four lawmakers , Albert Chan , Tanya Chan , Leung Kwok-hung and Alan Leong resigned and participated in the ensuing by-election . On 16 May 2010 , he was re-elected as a lawmaker in the by-election . The turn-out was only 17.7 percent of registered voters . Wong Yuk-man denounced the Democratic Party for negotiating with Beijing and voting for the reform package which he saw as selling out democracy and defecting to the Communist Party of China . LSD protesters attacked the Democratic Party in the following 2010 July 1 march . In January 2010 , Wong stepped down as Chairman of the LSD , handing the chairmanship to Andrew To Kwan-hang . In January 2011 , Wong and Albert Chan announced that they were resigning from the League of Social Democrats over differences with his successor Andrew Tos leadership over what stance to take towards the Democratic Party after Wong Yuk-mans protege Edward Yum failed in passing a no-confidence motion against To . As two of the partys three legislators , the move left the party and the remaining legislator , Leung Kwok-hung ( Long Hair ) , in a difficult position . Wong also said that factional fighting within the party had become so hostile that it was beyond his and Chans ability to rectify the situation . With Chan , he went on to launch People Power , under which name he continued to sit in Legco . In the 2011 July 1 march after leading activists on a march from Wan Chai to Central , Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan organised their supporters to break through a police cordon , occupied a major road in Central and scuffled with the police , bringing traffic to a standstill . Wong and Chan were later arrested for unlawful assembly . They were later convicted in April 2013 . Eastern Court magistrate Joseph To Ho-shing accused Wong of being untrustworthy and lying in a bid to escape the charges . Wong called on his supporters to be well-prepared for a long struggle against the government and said he feared for the day when local courts would be manipulated by the Communist Party . Wong decided to challenge the Democratic Party in the 2011 District Council elections . People Power put forward 62 candidates , many of whom ran in constituencies against Democratic Party candidates . The party won just one seat , in Fung Cheung , where its candidate Johnny Mak Ip-sing did not face another candidate from the pro-democracy camp . Given the poor showing , Albert Chan admitted that the strategy had failed . Nevertheless , he insisted that the party would stay the course . On 20 May 2013 , Wong Yuk-man announced his resignation from People Power . It was believed to be related to his earlier split with Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen , the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter and People Powers financial support over the Occupy Central plan , which he strongly disagreed with . Turn to localism . From 2013 , Wong became increasingly sympathetic to the localist cause . Together with his protege Wong Yeung-tat , they organised memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , as opposed to the main candlelight vigil held by pan-democrats Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China ( HKASPDMC ) , which they criticised it for having a Chinese nationalistic theme . They organised its alternative 4 June rally in Tsim Sha Tsui . The alternative event attracted 200 people in 2013 and 7,000 in 2014 , compared with 180,000 and 150,000 respectively for the main event . Glass throwing incident . On 3 July 2014 during a Q&A session of the Legislative Council , Wong was accused of intentionally hurting Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying by hurling a glass at him in a protest . Wong was charged of common assault . He claimed that he was first intentionally throwing papers towards a location where no one was standing , and he switched to throwing water only when there were not many documents left on the table . He said the glass was released accidentally as security guards were pulling him back . He was later convicted on 19 October 2016 . On 27 September 2018 , Wong Yuk-mans assault conviction was overturned . 2016 Legislative Council election . In the 2016 Legislative Council election , he ran a campaign with militant localist group Civic Passion and Chin Wan to promote their political platform in amending the Basic Law to achieve full autonomy for Hong Kong . He was under attack by his former supporter Ho Chi-kwong , who accused him of his unethical political past . He received an unexpected loss , losing to Yau Wai-ching from the localist Youngspiration by only 424 votes . He blamed his failure on making too many enemies in his political career and not enough effort . He said he would focus on developing the online radio station My Radio . On 14 April 2017 , Wong announced his intention to quit politics , not taking part in political affairs , not participating or organising any political groups , and not joining any elections . Religion . During the outbreak of SARS in 2003 , Wong became a Christian and baptized in 2008 . He helped Media Evangelism Limited , a Christian media organisation in Hong Kong , advertise its films and programmes . In 2006 , Wong recorded songs with the Amazing Grace Worship Music Ministry . His liberal views on gay rights have drawn criticism from Protestant churches . Wong support laws to protect discrimination against gays . He advocated gays should be protected from domestic violence , which was criticised by evangelical churches . He referred to the Society for Truth and Light , a conservative Christian right organisation , as a terrorist organisation , and said many of its activities were nonsense , promoting the Talibanization of Hong Kong . He was a guest of the International Day Against Homophobia protest in Hong Kong on 21 May 2009 . Publications . - Ultimately Arrogant History – The Ten Powerful Courtiers ( ) - Ultimately Cruel History – The Ten Emperors ( ) - Yuk-Man Reveals ( ) External links . - Yukman Wong on Facebook Videos . - Google video ( including YouTube ) search of Raymond Wong Yuk-man
|
[
"League of Social Democrats"
] |
[
{
"text": " Raymond Wong Yuk-man ( ; born 1 October 1951 ) is a Hong Kong politician , author , current affairs commentator and radio host . He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , representing the geographical constituency of Kowloon West . He worked in Commercial Radio Hong Kong and hosted many popular phone-in programmes . Also , He is a Founder and Chairman of Mad Dog Daily since 1996 .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "He was the head of Department in the Faculty of Communication and Journalism of Chu Hai College in Tsuen Wan , Hong Kong , from which he also holds a Masters degree in history . He is a populist and a former chairman of the League of Social Democrats ( LSD ) . He is known for his outspoken manner , harsh criticism of the Chinese Government , and ferocious speeches in defence of the rights of the lower classes ; consequently , he has been given the nicknames Mad Dog ( ) and Rogue Professor ( ) . He",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "currently hosts Wong Yuk-man Channel , a popular radio programme on MyRadio , which is a Hong Kong-based internet radio station founded in 2007 , and as well as Proletariat Political Institute .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "Wong was born on 1 October 1951 in British Hong Kong with family roots in Lufeng , Guangdong . Wongs father was a close friend of Heung Chin , a general of Nationalist Party of China and founder of the Sun Yee On , one of the leading triads in Hong Kong . He was under the patronage of the Heung family and was sent aboard to study in Taiwan . After he graduated from the Taiwan-affiliated Chu Hai College with a masters degree in history , Wong worked as a journalist and taught at Chu Hai College .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": " He first made his name in the early 1990s when he co-hosted Asia Televisions controversial and hugely popular political commentary programme News Tease . He savaged pro-Beijing politicians until the show was axed after 64 episodes in 1994 , allegedly under pressure from the mainland authorities .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , Wong used his entire savings - HK$500,000 - to launch News File magazine , but it closed down within two years and left him heavily in debt . On 18 March 1996 , he established Mad Dog Daily , a tabloid with a clear Anti-communism and Anti-Tung stance . However , the paper suffered from a low sales volume , which Wong jokingly blamed on its journalistic integrity and refusal to participate in sensationalist journalism . After the Asian financial crisis , it transformed into a magazine in October 1997 , and then was suspended shortly afterwards",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": ". As a result , Wong had to bear debts that amounted to a total of 15 million HKD . He repaid this debt in a matter of years by working on talk shows and other TV programmes .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , Wong established CyberHK , an IT company that was also unsuccessful , falling victim to the dot-com bubble of 2001 and putting Wong into debt again . To settle the debts , Wong concentrated on his radio talk shows , writing articles for newspapers , and running his beef noodle restaurant . His popularity hit a peak by hosting two weekly shows for Commercial Radio Hong Kong ; had three weekly slots on Radio Television Hong Kong , both on television and radio ; and appeared on prime-time TV at least once a week .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Wong converted to Christianity during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong . He was attracted to liberation theology after his contact with the least-privileged in society during the crisis . He was active in mobilising support for the Hong Kong 1 July marches .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , he took a sabbatical from his talk show Close Encounters of a Political Kind , after being beaten up by gangsters allegedly paid by the Chinese Government , citing political pressure . Following a self-imposed three-month exile in Canada , he returned to Hong Kong where he was sacked from his weeknight political phone-in radio programme , and moved to a late Saturday night slot ( with significantly fewer listeners ) . In less than a year , the programme was cancelled and Wong was effectively and controversially taken off-air . This event was significant for Hong",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "Kong as it meant that there was no longer any outspoken and critical radio talk show host on any Hong Kong radio station . During his time off-air , he continued to run his beef noodle restaurant in Mongkok .",
"title": "Wong Yuk-man"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he co-founded the League of Social Democrats , a self-described social democratic political party which aimed to be a clear-cut opposition party and defend the interests of the grassroots . In 2007 , he made a comeback to phone-in radio talk show , hosting a weekly political radio programme Wong Yuk-man Channel on MyRadio . The show quickly gained popularity and some videos of his broadcasts – captured by a studio camera and uploaded to YouTube – have become some of the most-watched videos in Hong Kong . Wong Yuk-man Channel has subsequently become a twice-weekly radio",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "programme , now extended from one hour to 1½ hours . In 2008 , he was appointed a trustee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Wong Yuk-man refused to co-operate with the other pan-democratic parties Democratic Party and the Civic Party and strongly criticised the two parties for nominating Alan Leong as Chief Executive candidate in the 2007 election , saying that they are not qualified as democrats . In the 2008 Hong Kong Legislative election , he ran in the Kowloon West constituency on a platform of Without struggle there is no change . During the campaign he lambasted the Civic Partys Claudia Mo Man-ching in the same way he did the candidates from the pro-Beijing , pro-government flagship party , the Democratic Alliance",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong ( DAB ) , accusing the Civic Party of applying double standards in its fight for democracy , and being elitist . Wong ultimately gained a seat in the Legislative Council with the second highest number of votes in his constituency . while Mo lost in the election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Wong Yuk-man introduced a number of innovative actions to Hong Kong politics . On 15 October 2008 , during Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsangs delivery of the Annual Policy Address , Wong and his colleagues Leung Kwok-hung and Albert Chan interrupted Tsangs speech and heckled . Tsang suggested that the HK$625 a month ( US$80 ) Old Age Allowance paid to all senior citizens aged 65 or above be raised to HK$1000 a month ( US$130 ) , but with a means test introduced . Wong believed that this turned what was a gesture of respect to elderly people",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "into welfare and is disrespectful to old people . Wong interrupted Tsangs speech and threw a bunch of bananas at him . The three LSD members were ejected from the chamber for the act .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "The incident triggered much debate amongst scholars , commentators , fellow politicians , and the general public . The reception has been mixed with even some pro-democratic politicians condemning the attack . One of the most prominent figures in the pro-democratic camp , Anson Chan , released a formal statement criticising the stunt . On the other hand , the elderly of Hong Kong poured onto the streets in a demonstration of mass support for Wong ; some even urged him to do it again . Wong himself has claimed that this controversial move had been successful in raising awareness",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "about the discussion of benefits for the elderly . Indeed , within a week the government raised the fruit money to HK$1000 a month and dropped the proposal for means testing .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "Wong caused another uproar when he attempted to snatch the 2009-10 Budget Report midway through reading by the Financial Secretary John Tsang Jun-Wah , saying that it did not address any policies to help lower class and lower middle class citizens in the financial turmoil . Some LegCo members , including several members of the Democratic Party , and the pro-Beijing media together denounced Wongs actions as violent . Wong , however , stated that he did not cause any physical harm to anyone , nor was it his intention to do so . Demonstrators took to the streets in",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "support of Wong and his actions .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " Despite criticism , Wong commented that , in contrast to past attitudes , Hong Kong society was conservative and many people did not understand or appreciate his actions . Yet he continued to gain support from a niche of the local population , especially those from the grass-roots , for his relatively radical approach . Five Constituencies Referendum and the People Power .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In late-2009 and early 2010 , a debate ensued amidst the pro-democracy camp on a more radical approach towards gaining universal suffrage . An agreement was reached between the Civic Party and Wongs League of Social Democrats for five members of their representation in the Legislative Council to resign and participate in a by-election , to create a referendum on the implementation of universal suffrage by 2012 . In January 2010 , Wong , another four lawmakers , Albert Chan , Tanya Chan , Leung Kwok-hung and Alan Leong resigned and participated in the ensuing by-election . On 16 May",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "2010 , he was re-elected as a lawmaker in the by-election . The turn-out was only 17.7 percent of registered voters . Wong Yuk-man denounced the Democratic Party for negotiating with Beijing and voting for the reform package which he saw as selling out democracy and defecting to the Communist Party of China . LSD protesters attacked the Democratic Party in the following 2010 July 1 march .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In January 2010 , Wong stepped down as Chairman of the LSD , handing the chairmanship to Andrew To Kwan-hang . In January 2011 , Wong and Albert Chan announced that they were resigning from the League of Social Democrats over differences with his successor Andrew Tos leadership over what stance to take towards the Democratic Party after Wong Yuk-mans protege Edward Yum failed in passing a no-confidence motion against To . As two of the partys three legislators , the move left the party and the remaining legislator , Leung Kwok-hung ( Long Hair ) , in a difficult",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "position . Wong also said that factional fighting within the party had become so hostile that it was beyond his and Chans ability to rectify the situation . With Chan , he went on to launch People Power , under which name he continued to sit in Legco .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 July 1 march after leading activists on a march from Wan Chai to Central , Wong Yuk-man and Albert Chan organised their supporters to break through a police cordon , occupied a major road in Central and scuffled with the police , bringing traffic to a standstill . Wong and Chan were later arrested for unlawful assembly . They were later convicted in April 2013 . Eastern Court magistrate Joseph To Ho-shing accused Wong of being untrustworthy and lying in a bid to escape the charges . Wong called on his supporters to be well-prepared for a",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "long struggle against the government and said he feared for the day when local courts would be manipulated by the Communist Party .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " Wong decided to challenge the Democratic Party in the 2011 District Council elections . People Power put forward 62 candidates , many of whom ran in constituencies against Democratic Party candidates . The party won just one seat , in Fung Cheung , where its candidate Johnny Mak Ip-sing did not face another candidate from the pro-democracy camp . Given the poor showing , Albert Chan admitted that the strategy had failed . Nevertheless , he insisted that the party would stay the course .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "On 20 May 2013 , Wong Yuk-man announced his resignation from People Power . It was believed to be related to his earlier split with Stephen Shiu Yeuk-yuen , the owner of the Hong Kong Reporter and People Powers financial support over the Occupy Central plan , which he strongly disagreed with .",
"title": "Banana throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "From 2013 , Wong became increasingly sympathetic to the localist cause . Together with his protege Wong Yeung-tat , they organised memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , as opposed to the main candlelight vigil held by pan-democrats Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China ( HKASPDMC ) , which they criticised it for having a Chinese nationalistic theme . They organised its alternative 4 June rally in Tsim Sha Tsui . The alternative event attracted 200 people in 2013 and 7,000 in 2014 , compared with 180,000 and 150,000 respectively for the main",
"title": "Turn to localism"
},
{
"text": "event .",
"title": "Turn to localism"
},
{
"text": "On 3 July 2014 during a Q&A session of the Legislative Council , Wong was accused of intentionally hurting Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying by hurling a glass at him in a protest . Wong was charged of common assault . He claimed that he was first intentionally throwing papers towards a location where no one was standing , and he switched to throwing water only when there were not many documents left on the table . He said the glass was released accidentally as security guards were pulling him back . He was later convicted on 19 October 2016 .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " On 27 September 2018 , Wong Yuk-mans assault conviction was overturned . 2016 Legislative Council election .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "In the 2016 Legislative Council election , he ran a campaign with militant localist group Civic Passion and Chin Wan to promote their political platform in amending the Basic Law to achieve full autonomy for Hong Kong . He was under attack by his former supporter Ho Chi-kwong , who accused him of his unethical political past . He received an unexpected loss , losing to Yau Wai-ching from the localist Youngspiration by only 424 votes . He blamed his failure on making too many enemies in his political career and not enough effort . He said he would focus",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": "on developing the online radio station My Radio .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " On 14 April 2017 , Wong announced his intention to quit politics , not taking part in political affairs , not participating or organising any political groups , and not joining any elections .",
"title": "Glass throwing incident"
},
{
"text": " During the outbreak of SARS in 2003 , Wong became a Christian and baptized in 2008 . He helped Media Evangelism Limited , a Christian media organisation in Hong Kong , advertise its films and programmes . In 2006 , Wong recorded songs with the Amazing Grace Worship Music Ministry .",
"title": "Religion"
},
{
"text": "His liberal views on gay rights have drawn criticism from Protestant churches . Wong support laws to protect discrimination against gays . He advocated gays should be protected from domestic violence , which was criticised by evangelical churches . He referred to the Society for Truth and Light , a conservative Christian right organisation , as a terrorist organisation , and said many of its activities were nonsense , promoting the Talibanization of Hong Kong . He was a guest of the International Day Against Homophobia protest in Hong Kong on 21 May 2009 .",
"title": "Religion"
},
{
"text": " - Ultimately Arrogant History – The Ten Powerful Courtiers ( ) - Ultimately Cruel History – The Ten Emperors ( ) - Yuk-Man Reveals ( )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Google video ( including YouTube ) search of Raymond Wong Yuk-man",
"title": "Videos"
}
] |
/wiki/Hugh_Shearer#P39#0
|
What was the position of Hugh Shearer before Mar 1969?
|
Hugh Shearer Hugh Lawson Shearer ( 18 May 1923 – 5 July 2004 ) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician , who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica , from 1967 to 1972 . Biography . Early life . Born in Trelawny Parish , Jamaica , near the sugar and banana growing areas . Shearer attended St Simons College after winning a parish scholarship to the school and later received an honorary LLD from Howard University School of Law . Personal life . Hugh Shearer , while working as a journalist , married his first wife Lunette , an accounting clerk , on 7 October 1947 . They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived , until Mr . Shearer left the matrimonial home . Shearer was separated from his first wife , with whom he had three children , by the time he became Prime Minister in 1967 . Hugh Shearer married his second wife , Dr . Denise Eldemire , on 28 August 1998 . She is the daughter of the late Dr . Herbert Eldemire , who served as Jamaicas first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972 . The couple were married for nearly 6 years , until his death in July 2004 . Career and trade unions . In 1941 he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper , the Jamaican Worker . His first political promotion came in 1943 , when Sir Alexander Bustamante , founder of the Jamaican Labour Party ( JLP ) , took over editorship of the paper and took Shearer under his wing . Shearer continued to get promotion after promotion within the union and acquired a Government Trade Union scholarship in 1947 . He was appointed Island Supervisor of Bustamantes trade union , BITU , and shortly afterwards elected Vice-President of the union . Political career . Shearer was elected to the House of Representatives of Jamaica as member for Western Kingston in 1955 , an office he retained for the next four years until he was defeated in the 1959 elections . Shearer was a member of the Senate from 1962 to 1967 , at the same time filling the role of Jamaicas chief spokesman on foreign affairs as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United Nations . In 1967 he was elected as member for Southern Clarendon and , after the death of Sir Donald Sangster , appointed Prime Minister on 11 April 1967 . Thanks to his work with the Jamaican Worker earlier in his life , Shearer managed to stay on generally good terms with the Jamaican working class , and was generally well liked by the populace . However , he did cause an outcry of anger in October 1968 when his government banned the historian , Walter Rodney from re-entering the country . On 16 October a series of riots , known as the Rodney Riots broke out , after peaceful protest by students from the University of the West Indies campus at Mona , was suppressed by police ; rioting spreading throughout Kingston . Shearer stood by the ban claiming that Rodney was a danger to Jamaica , citing his socialist ties , trips to Cuba and the USSR , as well as his radical Black nationalism . Shearer was generally uncomfortable with notions of pan-Africanism or militant black nationalism . He was also insecure about the stability of newly independent Jamaica in the late 1960s . His term as Prime Minister was a prosperous one for Jamaica , with three new alumina refineries were built , along with three large tourist resorts . These six buildings formed the basis of Jamaicas mining and tourism industries , the two biggest earners for the country . Shearers term was also marked by a great upswing in secondary school enrolment after an intense education campaign on his part . Fifty new schools were constructed . It was by pressure from Shearer that the Law of the Sea Authority chose Kingston to house its headquarters . In the 1972 Jamaican general election , the JLP was defeated by 37 seats to 16 seats , and the Peoples National Party leader , Michael Manley , became Prime Minister . In 1974 , Shearer was replaced as leader of the JLP by Edward Seaga . Between 1980 and 1989 , during the prime ministership of Seaga , Shearer was deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs . Death and legacy . He died at his home in Kingston on 5 July 2004 , at the age of 81 . He was survived by his wife , sons Corey Alexander , Howard , Lance and Donald , and daughters Hope , Hilary , Heather , Mischka Garel , and Ana Margaret Sanchez . On 14 May 2009 , the Bank of Jamaica announced a plan to issue a JA$5000 note with the likeness of Shearer on it , as was explained in detail on Monday 18 May 2009 by the Governor of Jamaicas Central Bank Derick Milton Latibeaudiere . The $5000 bill with Hugh Shearers portrait was put in circulation on 24 September 2009 . In Jamaican slang , a $5000 banknote is referred to as a Shearer . Sources . - Neita , Hartley , 2005 . Hugh Shearer ; A Voice for the People . Kingston , Jamaica : Ian Randle Publishers , The Institute of Jamaica . - Senior , Olive , 2003 . Encyclopaedia of Jamaican Heritage . - Image shearer , 27 August 2013 : http://www.jis.gov.jm/special%5Fsections/Shearer/
|
[
"3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica"
] |
[
{
"text": " Hugh Lawson Shearer ( 18 May 1923 – 5 July 2004 ) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician , who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica , from 1967 to 1972 .",
"title": "Hugh Shearer"
},
{
"text": " Born in Trelawny Parish , Jamaica , near the sugar and banana growing areas . Shearer attended St Simons College after winning a parish scholarship to the school and later received an honorary LLD from Howard University School of Law .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Hugh Shearer , while working as a journalist , married his first wife Lunette , an accounting clerk , on 7 October 1947 . They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived , until Mr . Shearer left the matrimonial home . Shearer was separated from his first wife , with whom he had three children , by the time he became Prime Minister in 1967 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Hugh Shearer married his second wife , Dr . Denise Eldemire , on 28 August 1998 . She is the daughter of the late Dr . Herbert Eldemire , who served as Jamaicas first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972 . The couple were married for nearly 6 years , until his death in July 2004 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Career and trade unions . In 1941 he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper , the Jamaican Worker . His first political promotion came in 1943 , when Sir Alexander Bustamante , founder of the Jamaican Labour Party ( JLP ) , took over editorship of the paper and took Shearer under his wing . Shearer continued to get promotion after promotion within the union and acquired a Government Trade Union scholarship in 1947 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "He was appointed Island Supervisor of Bustamantes trade union , BITU , and shortly afterwards elected Vice-President of the union .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Shearer was elected to the House of Representatives of Jamaica as member for Western Kingston in 1955 , an office he retained for the next four years until he was defeated in the 1959 elections .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Shearer was a member of the Senate from 1962 to 1967 , at the same time filling the role of Jamaicas chief spokesman on foreign affairs as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United Nations . In 1967 he was elected as member for Southern Clarendon and , after the death of Sir Donald Sangster , appointed Prime Minister on 11 April 1967 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Thanks to his work with the Jamaican Worker earlier in his life , Shearer managed to stay on generally good terms with the Jamaican working class , and was generally well liked by the populace . However , he did cause an outcry of anger in October 1968 when his government banned the historian , Walter Rodney from re-entering the country . On 16 October a series of riots , known as the Rodney Riots broke out , after peaceful protest by students from the University of the West Indies campus at Mona , was suppressed by police ; rioting",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "spreading throughout Kingston . Shearer stood by the ban claiming that Rodney was a danger to Jamaica , citing his socialist ties , trips to Cuba and the USSR , as well as his radical Black nationalism .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Shearer was generally uncomfortable with notions of pan-Africanism or militant black nationalism . He was also insecure about the stability of newly independent Jamaica in the late 1960s . His term as Prime Minister was a prosperous one for Jamaica , with three new alumina refineries were built , along with three large tourist resorts . These six buildings formed the basis of Jamaicas mining and tourism industries , the two biggest earners for the country .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Shearers term was also marked by a great upswing in secondary school enrolment after an intense education campaign on his part . Fifty new schools were constructed .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " It was by pressure from Shearer that the Law of the Sea Authority chose Kingston to house its headquarters . In the 1972 Jamaican general election , the JLP was defeated by 37 seats to 16 seats , and the Peoples National Party leader , Michael Manley , became Prime Minister . In 1974 , Shearer was replaced as leader of the JLP by Edward Seaga . Between 1980 and 1989 , during the prime ministership of Seaga , Shearer was deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He died at his home in Kingston on 5 July 2004 , at the age of 81 . He was survived by his wife , sons Corey Alexander , Howard , Lance and Donald , and daughters Hope , Hilary , Heather , Mischka Garel , and Ana Margaret Sanchez . On 14 May 2009 , the Bank of Jamaica announced a plan to issue a JA$5000 note with the likeness of Shearer on it , as was explained in detail on Monday 18 May 2009 by the Governor of Jamaicas Central Bank Derick Milton Latibeaudiere .",
"title": "Death and legacy"
},
{
"text": "The $5000 bill with Hugh Shearers portrait was put in circulation on 24 September 2009 . In Jamaican slang , a $5000 banknote is referred to as a Shearer .",
"title": "Death and legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Neita , Hartley , 2005 . Hugh Shearer ; A Voice for the People . Kingston , Jamaica : Ian Randle Publishers , The Institute of Jamaica . - Senior , Olive , 2003 . Encyclopaedia of Jamaican Heritage . - Image shearer , 27 August 2013 : http://www.jis.gov.jm/special%5Fsections/Shearer/",
"title": "Sources"
}
] |
/wiki/Hugh_Shearer#P39#1
|
What was the position of Hugh Shearer in 1972?
|
Hugh Shearer Hugh Lawson Shearer ( 18 May 1923 – 5 July 2004 ) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician , who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica , from 1967 to 1972 . Biography . Early life . Born in Trelawny Parish , Jamaica , near the sugar and banana growing areas . Shearer attended St Simons College after winning a parish scholarship to the school and later received an honorary LLD from Howard University School of Law . Personal life . Hugh Shearer , while working as a journalist , married his first wife Lunette , an accounting clerk , on 7 October 1947 . They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived , until Mr . Shearer left the matrimonial home . Shearer was separated from his first wife , with whom he had three children , by the time he became Prime Minister in 1967 . Hugh Shearer married his second wife , Dr . Denise Eldemire , on 28 August 1998 . She is the daughter of the late Dr . Herbert Eldemire , who served as Jamaicas first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972 . The couple were married for nearly 6 years , until his death in July 2004 . Career and trade unions . In 1941 he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper , the Jamaican Worker . His first political promotion came in 1943 , when Sir Alexander Bustamante , founder of the Jamaican Labour Party ( JLP ) , took over editorship of the paper and took Shearer under his wing . Shearer continued to get promotion after promotion within the union and acquired a Government Trade Union scholarship in 1947 . He was appointed Island Supervisor of Bustamantes trade union , BITU , and shortly afterwards elected Vice-President of the union . Political career . Shearer was elected to the House of Representatives of Jamaica as member for Western Kingston in 1955 , an office he retained for the next four years until he was defeated in the 1959 elections . Shearer was a member of the Senate from 1962 to 1967 , at the same time filling the role of Jamaicas chief spokesman on foreign affairs as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United Nations . In 1967 he was elected as member for Southern Clarendon and , after the death of Sir Donald Sangster , appointed Prime Minister on 11 April 1967 . Thanks to his work with the Jamaican Worker earlier in his life , Shearer managed to stay on generally good terms with the Jamaican working class , and was generally well liked by the populace . However , he did cause an outcry of anger in October 1968 when his government banned the historian , Walter Rodney from re-entering the country . On 16 October a series of riots , known as the Rodney Riots broke out , after peaceful protest by students from the University of the West Indies campus at Mona , was suppressed by police ; rioting spreading throughout Kingston . Shearer stood by the ban claiming that Rodney was a danger to Jamaica , citing his socialist ties , trips to Cuba and the USSR , as well as his radical Black nationalism . Shearer was generally uncomfortable with notions of pan-Africanism or militant black nationalism . He was also insecure about the stability of newly independent Jamaica in the late 1960s . His term as Prime Minister was a prosperous one for Jamaica , with three new alumina refineries were built , along with three large tourist resorts . These six buildings formed the basis of Jamaicas mining and tourism industries , the two biggest earners for the country . Shearers term was also marked by a great upswing in secondary school enrolment after an intense education campaign on his part . Fifty new schools were constructed . It was by pressure from Shearer that the Law of the Sea Authority chose Kingston to house its headquarters . In the 1972 Jamaican general election , the JLP was defeated by 37 seats to 16 seats , and the Peoples National Party leader , Michael Manley , became Prime Minister . In 1974 , Shearer was replaced as leader of the JLP by Edward Seaga . Between 1980 and 1989 , during the prime ministership of Seaga , Shearer was deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs . Death and legacy . He died at his home in Kingston on 5 July 2004 , at the age of 81 . He was survived by his wife , sons Corey Alexander , Howard , Lance and Donald , and daughters Hope , Hilary , Heather , Mischka Garel , and Ana Margaret Sanchez . On 14 May 2009 , the Bank of Jamaica announced a plan to issue a JA$5000 note with the likeness of Shearer on it , as was explained in detail on Monday 18 May 2009 by the Governor of Jamaicas Central Bank Derick Milton Latibeaudiere . The $5000 bill with Hugh Shearers portrait was put in circulation on 24 September 2009 . In Jamaican slang , a $5000 banknote is referred to as a Shearer . Sources . - Neita , Hartley , 2005 . Hugh Shearer ; A Voice for the People . Kingston , Jamaica : Ian Randle Publishers , The Institute of Jamaica . - Senior , Olive , 2003 . Encyclopaedia of Jamaican Heritage . - Image shearer , 27 August 2013 : http://www.jis.gov.jm/special%5Fsections/Shearer/
|
[
"Prime Minister of Jamaica"
] |
[
{
"text": " Hugh Lawson Shearer ( 18 May 1923 – 5 July 2004 ) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician , who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica , from 1967 to 1972 .",
"title": "Hugh Shearer"
},
{
"text": " Born in Trelawny Parish , Jamaica , near the sugar and banana growing areas . Shearer attended St Simons College after winning a parish scholarship to the school and later received an honorary LLD from Howard University School of Law .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Hugh Shearer , while working as a journalist , married his first wife Lunette , an accounting clerk , on 7 October 1947 . They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived , until Mr . Shearer left the matrimonial home . Shearer was separated from his first wife , with whom he had three children , by the time he became Prime Minister in 1967 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Hugh Shearer married his second wife , Dr . Denise Eldemire , on 28 August 1998 . She is the daughter of the late Dr . Herbert Eldemire , who served as Jamaicas first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972 . The couple were married for nearly 6 years , until his death in July 2004 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Career and trade unions . In 1941 he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper , the Jamaican Worker . His first political promotion came in 1943 , when Sir Alexander Bustamante , founder of the Jamaican Labour Party ( JLP ) , took over editorship of the paper and took Shearer under his wing . Shearer continued to get promotion after promotion within the union and acquired a Government Trade Union scholarship in 1947 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "He was appointed Island Supervisor of Bustamantes trade union , BITU , and shortly afterwards elected Vice-President of the union .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Shearer was elected to the House of Representatives of Jamaica as member for Western Kingston in 1955 , an office he retained for the next four years until he was defeated in the 1959 elections .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Shearer was a member of the Senate from 1962 to 1967 , at the same time filling the role of Jamaicas chief spokesman on foreign affairs as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United Nations . In 1967 he was elected as member for Southern Clarendon and , after the death of Sir Donald Sangster , appointed Prime Minister on 11 April 1967 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Thanks to his work with the Jamaican Worker earlier in his life , Shearer managed to stay on generally good terms with the Jamaican working class , and was generally well liked by the populace . However , he did cause an outcry of anger in October 1968 when his government banned the historian , Walter Rodney from re-entering the country . On 16 October a series of riots , known as the Rodney Riots broke out , after peaceful protest by students from the University of the West Indies campus at Mona , was suppressed by police ; rioting",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "spreading throughout Kingston . Shearer stood by the ban claiming that Rodney was a danger to Jamaica , citing his socialist ties , trips to Cuba and the USSR , as well as his radical Black nationalism .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Shearer was generally uncomfortable with notions of pan-Africanism or militant black nationalism . He was also insecure about the stability of newly independent Jamaica in the late 1960s . His term as Prime Minister was a prosperous one for Jamaica , with three new alumina refineries were built , along with three large tourist resorts . These six buildings formed the basis of Jamaicas mining and tourism industries , the two biggest earners for the country .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Shearers term was also marked by a great upswing in secondary school enrolment after an intense education campaign on his part . Fifty new schools were constructed .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " It was by pressure from Shearer that the Law of the Sea Authority chose Kingston to house its headquarters . In the 1972 Jamaican general election , the JLP was defeated by 37 seats to 16 seats , and the Peoples National Party leader , Michael Manley , became Prime Minister . In 1974 , Shearer was replaced as leader of the JLP by Edward Seaga . Between 1980 and 1989 , during the prime ministership of Seaga , Shearer was deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He died at his home in Kingston on 5 July 2004 , at the age of 81 . He was survived by his wife , sons Corey Alexander , Howard , Lance and Donald , and daughters Hope , Hilary , Heather , Mischka Garel , and Ana Margaret Sanchez . On 14 May 2009 , the Bank of Jamaica announced a plan to issue a JA$5000 note with the likeness of Shearer on it , as was explained in detail on Monday 18 May 2009 by the Governor of Jamaicas Central Bank Derick Milton Latibeaudiere .",
"title": "Death and legacy"
},
{
"text": "The $5000 bill with Hugh Shearers portrait was put in circulation on 24 September 2009 . In Jamaican slang , a $5000 banknote is referred to as a Shearer .",
"title": "Death and legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Neita , Hartley , 2005 . Hugh Shearer ; A Voice for the People . Kingston , Jamaica : Ian Randle Publishers , The Institute of Jamaica . - Senior , Olive , 2003 . Encyclopaedia of Jamaican Heritage . - Image shearer , 27 August 2013 : http://www.jis.gov.jm/special%5Fsections/Shearer/",
"title": "Sources"
}
] |
/wiki/Hugh_Shearer#P39#2
|
What was the position of Hugh Shearer between Dec 1981 and Feb 1984?
|
Hugh Shearer Hugh Lawson Shearer ( 18 May 1923 – 5 July 2004 ) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician , who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica , from 1967 to 1972 . Biography . Early life . Born in Trelawny Parish , Jamaica , near the sugar and banana growing areas . Shearer attended St Simons College after winning a parish scholarship to the school and later received an honorary LLD from Howard University School of Law . Personal life . Hugh Shearer , while working as a journalist , married his first wife Lunette , an accounting clerk , on 7 October 1947 . They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived , until Mr . Shearer left the matrimonial home . Shearer was separated from his first wife , with whom he had three children , by the time he became Prime Minister in 1967 . Hugh Shearer married his second wife , Dr . Denise Eldemire , on 28 August 1998 . She is the daughter of the late Dr . Herbert Eldemire , who served as Jamaicas first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972 . The couple were married for nearly 6 years , until his death in July 2004 . Career and trade unions . In 1941 he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper , the Jamaican Worker . His first political promotion came in 1943 , when Sir Alexander Bustamante , founder of the Jamaican Labour Party ( JLP ) , took over editorship of the paper and took Shearer under his wing . Shearer continued to get promotion after promotion within the union and acquired a Government Trade Union scholarship in 1947 . He was appointed Island Supervisor of Bustamantes trade union , BITU , and shortly afterwards elected Vice-President of the union . Political career . Shearer was elected to the House of Representatives of Jamaica as member for Western Kingston in 1955 , an office he retained for the next four years until he was defeated in the 1959 elections . Shearer was a member of the Senate from 1962 to 1967 , at the same time filling the role of Jamaicas chief spokesman on foreign affairs as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United Nations . In 1967 he was elected as member for Southern Clarendon and , after the death of Sir Donald Sangster , appointed Prime Minister on 11 April 1967 . Thanks to his work with the Jamaican Worker earlier in his life , Shearer managed to stay on generally good terms with the Jamaican working class , and was generally well liked by the populace . However , he did cause an outcry of anger in October 1968 when his government banned the historian , Walter Rodney from re-entering the country . On 16 October a series of riots , known as the Rodney Riots broke out , after peaceful protest by students from the University of the West Indies campus at Mona , was suppressed by police ; rioting spreading throughout Kingston . Shearer stood by the ban claiming that Rodney was a danger to Jamaica , citing his socialist ties , trips to Cuba and the USSR , as well as his radical Black nationalism . Shearer was generally uncomfortable with notions of pan-Africanism or militant black nationalism . He was also insecure about the stability of newly independent Jamaica in the late 1960s . His term as Prime Minister was a prosperous one for Jamaica , with three new alumina refineries were built , along with three large tourist resorts . These six buildings formed the basis of Jamaicas mining and tourism industries , the two biggest earners for the country . Shearers term was also marked by a great upswing in secondary school enrolment after an intense education campaign on his part . Fifty new schools were constructed . It was by pressure from Shearer that the Law of the Sea Authority chose Kingston to house its headquarters . In the 1972 Jamaican general election , the JLP was defeated by 37 seats to 16 seats , and the Peoples National Party leader , Michael Manley , became Prime Minister . In 1974 , Shearer was replaced as leader of the JLP by Edward Seaga . Between 1980 and 1989 , during the prime ministership of Seaga , Shearer was deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs . Death and legacy . He died at his home in Kingston on 5 July 2004 , at the age of 81 . He was survived by his wife , sons Corey Alexander , Howard , Lance and Donald , and daughters Hope , Hilary , Heather , Mischka Garel , and Ana Margaret Sanchez . On 14 May 2009 , the Bank of Jamaica announced a plan to issue a JA$5000 note with the likeness of Shearer on it , as was explained in detail on Monday 18 May 2009 by the Governor of Jamaicas Central Bank Derick Milton Latibeaudiere . The $5000 bill with Hugh Shearers portrait was put in circulation on 24 September 2009 . In Jamaican slang , a $5000 banknote is referred to as a Shearer . Sources . - Neita , Hartley , 2005 . Hugh Shearer ; A Voice for the People . Kingston , Jamaica : Ian Randle Publishers , The Institute of Jamaica . - Senior , Olive , 2003 . Encyclopaedia of Jamaican Heritage . - Image shearer , 27 August 2013 : http://www.jis.gov.jm/special%5Fsections/Shearer/
|
[
"deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs ."
] |
[
{
"text": " Hugh Lawson Shearer ( 18 May 1923 – 5 July 2004 ) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician , who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica , from 1967 to 1972 .",
"title": "Hugh Shearer"
},
{
"text": " Born in Trelawny Parish , Jamaica , near the sugar and banana growing areas . Shearer attended St Simons College after winning a parish scholarship to the school and later received an honorary LLD from Howard University School of Law .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Hugh Shearer , while working as a journalist , married his first wife Lunette , an accounting clerk , on 7 October 1947 . They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived , until Mr . Shearer left the matrimonial home . Shearer was separated from his first wife , with whom he had three children , by the time he became Prime Minister in 1967 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Hugh Shearer married his second wife , Dr . Denise Eldemire , on 28 August 1998 . She is the daughter of the late Dr . Herbert Eldemire , who served as Jamaicas first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972 . The couple were married for nearly 6 years , until his death in July 2004 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Career and trade unions . In 1941 he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper , the Jamaican Worker . His first political promotion came in 1943 , when Sir Alexander Bustamante , founder of the Jamaican Labour Party ( JLP ) , took over editorship of the paper and took Shearer under his wing . Shearer continued to get promotion after promotion within the union and acquired a Government Trade Union scholarship in 1947 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "He was appointed Island Supervisor of Bustamantes trade union , BITU , and shortly afterwards elected Vice-President of the union .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Shearer was elected to the House of Representatives of Jamaica as member for Western Kingston in 1955 , an office he retained for the next four years until he was defeated in the 1959 elections .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Shearer was a member of the Senate from 1962 to 1967 , at the same time filling the role of Jamaicas chief spokesman on foreign affairs as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United Nations . In 1967 he was elected as member for Southern Clarendon and , after the death of Sir Donald Sangster , appointed Prime Minister on 11 April 1967 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Thanks to his work with the Jamaican Worker earlier in his life , Shearer managed to stay on generally good terms with the Jamaican working class , and was generally well liked by the populace . However , he did cause an outcry of anger in October 1968 when his government banned the historian , Walter Rodney from re-entering the country . On 16 October a series of riots , known as the Rodney Riots broke out , after peaceful protest by students from the University of the West Indies campus at Mona , was suppressed by police ; rioting",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "spreading throughout Kingston . Shearer stood by the ban claiming that Rodney was a danger to Jamaica , citing his socialist ties , trips to Cuba and the USSR , as well as his radical Black nationalism .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Shearer was generally uncomfortable with notions of pan-Africanism or militant black nationalism . He was also insecure about the stability of newly independent Jamaica in the late 1960s . His term as Prime Minister was a prosperous one for Jamaica , with three new alumina refineries were built , along with three large tourist resorts . These six buildings formed the basis of Jamaicas mining and tourism industries , the two biggest earners for the country .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Shearers term was also marked by a great upswing in secondary school enrolment after an intense education campaign on his part . Fifty new schools were constructed .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " It was by pressure from Shearer that the Law of the Sea Authority chose Kingston to house its headquarters . In the 1972 Jamaican general election , the JLP was defeated by 37 seats to 16 seats , and the Peoples National Party leader , Michael Manley , became Prime Minister . In 1974 , Shearer was replaced as leader of the JLP by Edward Seaga . Between 1980 and 1989 , during the prime ministership of Seaga , Shearer was deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He died at his home in Kingston on 5 July 2004 , at the age of 81 . He was survived by his wife , sons Corey Alexander , Howard , Lance and Donald , and daughters Hope , Hilary , Heather , Mischka Garel , and Ana Margaret Sanchez . On 14 May 2009 , the Bank of Jamaica announced a plan to issue a JA$5000 note with the likeness of Shearer on it , as was explained in detail on Monday 18 May 2009 by the Governor of Jamaicas Central Bank Derick Milton Latibeaudiere .",
"title": "Death and legacy"
},
{
"text": "The $5000 bill with Hugh Shearers portrait was put in circulation on 24 September 2009 . In Jamaican slang , a $5000 banknote is referred to as a Shearer .",
"title": "Death and legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Neita , Hartley , 2005 . Hugh Shearer ; A Voice for the People . Kingston , Jamaica : Ian Randle Publishers , The Institute of Jamaica . - Senior , Olive , 2003 . Encyclopaedia of Jamaican Heritage . - Image shearer , 27 August 2013 : http://www.jis.gov.jm/special%5Fsections/Shearer/",
"title": "Sources"
}
] |
/wiki/Pare_Lorentz#P69#0
|
Pare Lorentz went to which school in Jan 1920?
|
Pare Lorentz Pare Lorentz ( December 11 , 1905 – March 4 , 1992 ) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal . Born Leonard MacTaggart Lorentz in Clarksburg , West Virginia he was educated at Buckhannon High School , West Virginia Wesleyan College , and West Virginia University . As a young film critic in both New York City and Hollywood , Lorentz spoke out against censorship in the film industry . As the most influential documentary filmmaker of the Great Depression , Lorentz was the leading American advocate for government-sponsored documentary films . His service as a filmmaker for the U.S . Army Air Corps during World War II was formidable , including technical films , documentation of bombing raids , and synthesizing raw footage of Nazi atrocities for an educational film on the Nuremberg Trials . Nonetheless , Lorentz perennially will be known best as FDR′s filmmaker . New Deal documentary films . Lorentz left West Virginia University , in 1925 , to begin a career as a writer and film critic in New York City . He contributed articles to leading magazines such as Scribners , Vanity Fair , McCalls , and Town and Country . Lorentz also co-authored a 1929 book , Censored : the private life of the movie . His work as a film critic led him to Hollywood , where he wrote several articles on censorship and The Roosevelt Year : 1933 , a pictorial review of the first year of Franklin D . Roosevelt′s presidency . Roosevelt was impressed with the articles and the book , and in 1936 , as president of the United States , invited Lorentz to make a government-sponsored film about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl . Despite not having any film credits , Lorentz was appointed to the Resettlement Administration as a film consultant . He was given to make a film , which became The Plow That Broke the Plains , a film that showed the natural and man–made devastation caused by the Dust Bowl . Though the tight budget and his inexperience occasionally showed through in the film , Lorentzs script , combined with Thomas Hardie Chalmers′s narration and Virgil Thomson′s score , made the 30-minute movie powerful and moving . The film , which had its first public showing on May 10 , 1936 at Washington , D.C′s Mayflower Hotel , had a preview screening in March at the White House . Roosevelt was impressed and , after his re-election in 1936 , gave Lorentz the opportunity to make a film about one of the presidents favorite subjects : conservation . Lorentz made The River , a film celebrating the exploits of the Tennessee Valley Authority . The TVA mitigated flooding but , more importantly to Lorentz and to Roosevelt , it put a stop to the prodigious pillaging of the forests by providing cheap , readily available hydro–electric power to a wide area . This film won the Best Documentary at the Venice International Film Festival . The text of The River appeared in book form , and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry the same year . It generally is considered his most masterful work . When Republicans gained seats in Congress in 1938 , and the congressional balance of power shifted in a more conservative direction , the pipeline of federal commissions for projects like Lorentzs were halted along with the short-lived existence of the US Film Service , which Lorentz headed . In 1940 , he produced Power and the Land promoting the Rural Electric Administration . The REA took over its own production , and the film was directed by Joris Ivens , the prolific Dutch filmmaker best known for his anti–fascist documentaries . Before the U.S . involvement in World War II , Lorentz made The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) , a semi-documentary on the struggle to provide adequate natal ( obstetric ) care at the Chicago Maternity Center , based on a book by Paul de Kruif . John Steinbeck worked on the project with Lorentz . U.S . Army Air Corps World War II films . Lorentz served in the U.S . Army Air Corps , more specifically the Air Transport Command ( ATC ) , accompanied by Floyd Crosby , who became an outstanding cinematographer during World War II . He was promoted to the rank of colonel . While serving , he made 275 pilot navigational films and minor documentaries for the U.S . Office of War Information ( OWI ) and the U.S . Information Agency ( USIA ) , and filmed over 2,500 hours of bombing raids . ( Note : Lorentzs name is not associated with any OWI or USIA films ; his son Pare Lorentz , Jr. , may have worked on a USIA film though most of his work was for USAID. ) In 1946 , Lorentz made a federally funded movie about the Nuremberg trials , intended to help educate the German people as to what had happened during the war . In the process of compiling material , Lorentz reviewed over 1 million hours of footage about the Nazis and their atrocities . Nuremberg , the film that resulted , played to capacity audiences in Germany for two years . However , it was not released in the United States until 1979 . This film was produced for the Civil Affairs Division of the Government of Military Occupation ( OMGUS ) . Lorentzs role and contributions to this production are not entirely clear because he prematurely resigned and the Hollywood director Budd Schulberg is given credit for completing it . Later life and legacy . In the prosperity of the post–War period , there was no revival of partnerships with the federal government . He had ambitious plans to make documentaries about the New Deal and the United Nations , but funding was not available from government or private sources . His final film was Rural Co-op , which he wrote and directed in 1947 . Lorentz lived a quiet life among the country gentry north of New York City in the upscale town of Armonk , New York until his death in 1992 . The International Documentary Association named its Pare Lorentz Documentary Fund , as well as the Pare Lorentz Film Festival and its grand prize in honor of Lorentz , granted to individuals whose work best represents the democratic sensibility , activist spirit and lyrical vision of Lorentz . Selected filmography . - The Roosevelt Year ( 1933 ) - The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) - The River ( 1938 ) - The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) - Nuremberg ( 1946 ) - Rural Co-op ( 1947 ) The Library of Congress has made available on its website a full-length version of The River , open for public viewing at the prints digital ID of hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/ntscrm.00101008 . This is a theatrical projection print acquired as part of the librarys preservation program for films which were honored by being selected for listing on the National Film Registry . The following XML page contains the prints metadata as a Dublin Core record : lccn.loc.gov/2007640253/dc . The Pare Lorentz Center , located at the Franklin D . Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park , New York , but with its separate online presence , has links on its website to three films which were posted to YouTube by the FDR Librarys account : - The aforementioned film ( but a different print ) The River – part of the FDR Librarys description reads , The script for the film was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for poetry and was also described by author James Joyce as ‘the most beautiful prose I have heard in ten years’.” - The Plow That Broke the Plains - The Fight for Life Part 1 – a historical recording from the National Archives at College Park
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Pare Lorentz ( December 11 , 1905 – March 4 , 1992 ) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal . Born Leonard MacTaggart Lorentz in Clarksburg , West Virginia he was educated at Buckhannon High School , West Virginia Wesleyan College , and West Virginia University . As a young film critic in both New York City and Hollywood , Lorentz spoke out against censorship in the film industry .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "As the most influential documentary filmmaker of the Great Depression , Lorentz was the leading American advocate for government-sponsored documentary films . His service as a filmmaker for the U.S . Army Air Corps during World War II was formidable , including technical films , documentation of bombing raids , and synthesizing raw footage of Nazi atrocities for an educational film on the Nuremberg Trials . Nonetheless , Lorentz perennially will be known best as FDR′s filmmaker .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " New Deal documentary films . Lorentz left West Virginia University , in 1925 , to begin a career as a writer and film critic in New York City . He contributed articles to leading magazines such as Scribners , Vanity Fair , McCalls , and Town and Country . Lorentz also co-authored a 1929 book , Censored : the private life of the movie .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "His work as a film critic led him to Hollywood , where he wrote several articles on censorship and The Roosevelt Year : 1933 , a pictorial review of the first year of Franklin D . Roosevelt′s presidency . Roosevelt was impressed with the articles and the book , and in 1936 , as president of the United States , invited Lorentz to make a government-sponsored film about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "Despite not having any film credits , Lorentz was appointed to the Resettlement Administration as a film consultant . He was given to make a film , which became The Plow That Broke the Plains , a film that showed the natural and man–made devastation caused by the Dust Bowl . Though the tight budget and his inexperience occasionally showed through in the film , Lorentzs script , combined with Thomas Hardie Chalmers′s narration and Virgil Thomson′s score , made the 30-minute movie powerful and moving . The film , which had its first public showing on May 10 ,",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "1936 at Washington , D.C′s Mayflower Hotel , had a preview screening in March at the White House . Roosevelt was impressed and , after his re-election in 1936 , gave Lorentz the opportunity to make a film about one of the presidents favorite subjects : conservation . Lorentz made The River , a film celebrating the exploits of the Tennessee Valley Authority .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " The TVA mitigated flooding but , more importantly to Lorentz and to Roosevelt , it put a stop to the prodigious pillaging of the forests by providing cheap , readily available hydro–electric power to a wide area . This film won the Best Documentary at the Venice International Film Festival . The text of The River appeared in book form , and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry the same year . It generally is considered his most masterful work .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "When Republicans gained seats in Congress in 1938 , and the congressional balance of power shifted in a more conservative direction , the pipeline of federal commissions for projects like Lorentzs were halted along with the short-lived existence of the US Film Service , which Lorentz headed . In 1940 , he produced Power and the Land promoting the Rural Electric Administration . The REA took over its own production , and the film was directed by Joris Ivens , the prolific Dutch filmmaker best known for his anti–fascist documentaries .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " Before the U.S . involvement in World War II , Lorentz made The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) , a semi-documentary on the struggle to provide adequate natal ( obstetric ) care at the Chicago Maternity Center , based on a book by Paul de Kruif . John Steinbeck worked on the project with Lorentz . U.S . Army Air Corps World War II films .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "Lorentz served in the U.S . Army Air Corps , more specifically the Air Transport Command ( ATC ) , accompanied by Floyd Crosby , who became an outstanding cinematographer during World War II . He was promoted to the rank of colonel . While serving , he made 275 pilot navigational films and minor documentaries for the U.S . Office of War Information ( OWI ) and the U.S . Information Agency ( USIA ) , and filmed over 2,500 hours of bombing raids . ( Note : Lorentzs name is not associated with any OWI or USIA films",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "; his son Pare Lorentz , Jr. , may have worked on a USIA film though most of his work was for USAID. ) In 1946 , Lorentz made a federally funded movie about the Nuremberg trials , intended to help educate the German people as to what had happened during the war . In the process of compiling material , Lorentz reviewed over 1 million hours of footage about the Nazis and their atrocities . Nuremberg , the film that resulted , played to capacity audiences in Germany for two years . However , it was not released in",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "the United States until 1979 . This film was produced for the Civil Affairs Division of the Government of Military Occupation ( OMGUS ) . Lorentzs role and contributions to this production are not entirely clear because he prematurely resigned and the Hollywood director Budd Schulberg is given credit for completing it .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " Later life and legacy . In the prosperity of the post–War period , there was no revival of partnerships with the federal government . He had ambitious plans to make documentaries about the New Deal and the United Nations , but funding was not available from government or private sources . His final film was Rural Co-op , which he wrote and directed in 1947 . Lorentz lived a quiet life among the country gentry north of New York City in the upscale town of Armonk , New York until his death in 1992 .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "The International Documentary Association named its Pare Lorentz Documentary Fund , as well as the Pare Lorentz Film Festival and its grand prize in honor of Lorentz , granted to individuals whose work best represents the democratic sensibility , activist spirit and lyrical vision of Lorentz .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " - The Roosevelt Year ( 1933 ) - The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) - The River ( 1938 ) - The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) - Nuremberg ( 1946 ) - Rural Co-op ( 1947 )",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": "The Library of Congress has made available on its website a full-length version of The River , open for public viewing at the prints digital ID of hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/ntscrm.00101008 . This is a theatrical projection print acquired as part of the librarys preservation program for films which were honored by being selected for listing on the National Film Registry . The following XML page contains the prints metadata as a Dublin Core record : lccn.loc.gov/2007640253/dc .",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": " The Pare Lorentz Center , located at the Franklin D . Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park , New York , but with its separate online presence , has links on its website to three films which were posted to YouTube by the FDR Librarys account :",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": "- The aforementioned film ( but a different print ) The River – part of the FDR Librarys description reads , The script for the film was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for poetry and was also described by author James Joyce as ‘the most beautiful prose I have heard in ten years’.”",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": " - The Plow That Broke the Plains - The Fight for Life Part 1 – a historical recording from the National Archives at College Park",
"title": "Selected filmography"
}
] |
/wiki/Pare_Lorentz#P69#1
|
Pare Lorentz went to which school after Oct 1923?
|
Pare Lorentz Pare Lorentz ( December 11 , 1905 – March 4 , 1992 ) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal . Born Leonard MacTaggart Lorentz in Clarksburg , West Virginia he was educated at Buckhannon High School , West Virginia Wesleyan College , and West Virginia University . As a young film critic in both New York City and Hollywood , Lorentz spoke out against censorship in the film industry . As the most influential documentary filmmaker of the Great Depression , Lorentz was the leading American advocate for government-sponsored documentary films . His service as a filmmaker for the U.S . Army Air Corps during World War II was formidable , including technical films , documentation of bombing raids , and synthesizing raw footage of Nazi atrocities for an educational film on the Nuremberg Trials . Nonetheless , Lorentz perennially will be known best as FDR′s filmmaker . New Deal documentary films . Lorentz left West Virginia University , in 1925 , to begin a career as a writer and film critic in New York City . He contributed articles to leading magazines such as Scribners , Vanity Fair , McCalls , and Town and Country . Lorentz also co-authored a 1929 book , Censored : the private life of the movie . His work as a film critic led him to Hollywood , where he wrote several articles on censorship and The Roosevelt Year : 1933 , a pictorial review of the first year of Franklin D . Roosevelt′s presidency . Roosevelt was impressed with the articles and the book , and in 1936 , as president of the United States , invited Lorentz to make a government-sponsored film about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl . Despite not having any film credits , Lorentz was appointed to the Resettlement Administration as a film consultant . He was given to make a film , which became The Plow That Broke the Plains , a film that showed the natural and man–made devastation caused by the Dust Bowl . Though the tight budget and his inexperience occasionally showed through in the film , Lorentzs script , combined with Thomas Hardie Chalmers′s narration and Virgil Thomson′s score , made the 30-minute movie powerful and moving . The film , which had its first public showing on May 10 , 1936 at Washington , D.C′s Mayflower Hotel , had a preview screening in March at the White House . Roosevelt was impressed and , after his re-election in 1936 , gave Lorentz the opportunity to make a film about one of the presidents favorite subjects : conservation . Lorentz made The River , a film celebrating the exploits of the Tennessee Valley Authority . The TVA mitigated flooding but , more importantly to Lorentz and to Roosevelt , it put a stop to the prodigious pillaging of the forests by providing cheap , readily available hydro–electric power to a wide area . This film won the Best Documentary at the Venice International Film Festival . The text of The River appeared in book form , and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry the same year . It generally is considered his most masterful work . When Republicans gained seats in Congress in 1938 , and the congressional balance of power shifted in a more conservative direction , the pipeline of federal commissions for projects like Lorentzs were halted along with the short-lived existence of the US Film Service , which Lorentz headed . In 1940 , he produced Power and the Land promoting the Rural Electric Administration . The REA took over its own production , and the film was directed by Joris Ivens , the prolific Dutch filmmaker best known for his anti–fascist documentaries . Before the U.S . involvement in World War II , Lorentz made The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) , a semi-documentary on the struggle to provide adequate natal ( obstetric ) care at the Chicago Maternity Center , based on a book by Paul de Kruif . John Steinbeck worked on the project with Lorentz . U.S . Army Air Corps World War II films . Lorentz served in the U.S . Army Air Corps , more specifically the Air Transport Command ( ATC ) , accompanied by Floyd Crosby , who became an outstanding cinematographer during World War II . He was promoted to the rank of colonel . While serving , he made 275 pilot navigational films and minor documentaries for the U.S . Office of War Information ( OWI ) and the U.S . Information Agency ( USIA ) , and filmed over 2,500 hours of bombing raids . ( Note : Lorentzs name is not associated with any OWI or USIA films ; his son Pare Lorentz , Jr. , may have worked on a USIA film though most of his work was for USAID. ) In 1946 , Lorentz made a federally funded movie about the Nuremberg trials , intended to help educate the German people as to what had happened during the war . In the process of compiling material , Lorentz reviewed over 1 million hours of footage about the Nazis and their atrocities . Nuremberg , the film that resulted , played to capacity audiences in Germany for two years . However , it was not released in the United States until 1979 . This film was produced for the Civil Affairs Division of the Government of Military Occupation ( OMGUS ) . Lorentzs role and contributions to this production are not entirely clear because he prematurely resigned and the Hollywood director Budd Schulberg is given credit for completing it . Later life and legacy . In the prosperity of the post–War period , there was no revival of partnerships with the federal government . He had ambitious plans to make documentaries about the New Deal and the United Nations , but funding was not available from government or private sources . His final film was Rural Co-op , which he wrote and directed in 1947 . Lorentz lived a quiet life among the country gentry north of New York City in the upscale town of Armonk , New York until his death in 1992 . The International Documentary Association named its Pare Lorentz Documentary Fund , as well as the Pare Lorentz Film Festival and its grand prize in honor of Lorentz , granted to individuals whose work best represents the democratic sensibility , activist spirit and lyrical vision of Lorentz . Selected filmography . - The Roosevelt Year ( 1933 ) - The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) - The River ( 1938 ) - The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) - Nuremberg ( 1946 ) - Rural Co-op ( 1947 ) The Library of Congress has made available on its website a full-length version of The River , open for public viewing at the prints digital ID of hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/ntscrm.00101008 . This is a theatrical projection print acquired as part of the librarys preservation program for films which were honored by being selected for listing on the National Film Registry . The following XML page contains the prints metadata as a Dublin Core record : lccn.loc.gov/2007640253/dc . The Pare Lorentz Center , located at the Franklin D . Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park , New York , but with its separate online presence , has links on its website to three films which were posted to YouTube by the FDR Librarys account : - The aforementioned film ( but a different print ) The River – part of the FDR Librarys description reads , The script for the film was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for poetry and was also described by author James Joyce as ‘the most beautiful prose I have heard in ten years’.” - The Plow That Broke the Plains - The Fight for Life Part 1 – a historical recording from the National Archives at College Park
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Pare Lorentz ( December 11 , 1905 – March 4 , 1992 ) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal . Born Leonard MacTaggart Lorentz in Clarksburg , West Virginia he was educated at Buckhannon High School , West Virginia Wesleyan College , and West Virginia University . As a young film critic in both New York City and Hollywood , Lorentz spoke out against censorship in the film industry .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "As the most influential documentary filmmaker of the Great Depression , Lorentz was the leading American advocate for government-sponsored documentary films . His service as a filmmaker for the U.S . Army Air Corps during World War II was formidable , including technical films , documentation of bombing raids , and synthesizing raw footage of Nazi atrocities for an educational film on the Nuremberg Trials . Nonetheless , Lorentz perennially will be known best as FDR′s filmmaker .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " New Deal documentary films . Lorentz left West Virginia University , in 1925 , to begin a career as a writer and film critic in New York City . He contributed articles to leading magazines such as Scribners , Vanity Fair , McCalls , and Town and Country . Lorentz also co-authored a 1929 book , Censored : the private life of the movie .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "His work as a film critic led him to Hollywood , where he wrote several articles on censorship and The Roosevelt Year : 1933 , a pictorial review of the first year of Franklin D . Roosevelt′s presidency . Roosevelt was impressed with the articles and the book , and in 1936 , as president of the United States , invited Lorentz to make a government-sponsored film about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "Despite not having any film credits , Lorentz was appointed to the Resettlement Administration as a film consultant . He was given to make a film , which became The Plow That Broke the Plains , a film that showed the natural and man–made devastation caused by the Dust Bowl . Though the tight budget and his inexperience occasionally showed through in the film , Lorentzs script , combined with Thomas Hardie Chalmers′s narration and Virgil Thomson′s score , made the 30-minute movie powerful and moving . The film , which had its first public showing on May 10 ,",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "1936 at Washington , D.C′s Mayflower Hotel , had a preview screening in March at the White House . Roosevelt was impressed and , after his re-election in 1936 , gave Lorentz the opportunity to make a film about one of the presidents favorite subjects : conservation . Lorentz made The River , a film celebrating the exploits of the Tennessee Valley Authority .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " The TVA mitigated flooding but , more importantly to Lorentz and to Roosevelt , it put a stop to the prodigious pillaging of the forests by providing cheap , readily available hydro–electric power to a wide area . This film won the Best Documentary at the Venice International Film Festival . The text of The River appeared in book form , and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry the same year . It generally is considered his most masterful work .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "When Republicans gained seats in Congress in 1938 , and the congressional balance of power shifted in a more conservative direction , the pipeline of federal commissions for projects like Lorentzs were halted along with the short-lived existence of the US Film Service , which Lorentz headed . In 1940 , he produced Power and the Land promoting the Rural Electric Administration . The REA took over its own production , and the film was directed by Joris Ivens , the prolific Dutch filmmaker best known for his anti–fascist documentaries .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " Before the U.S . involvement in World War II , Lorentz made The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) , a semi-documentary on the struggle to provide adequate natal ( obstetric ) care at the Chicago Maternity Center , based on a book by Paul de Kruif . John Steinbeck worked on the project with Lorentz . U.S . Army Air Corps World War II films .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "Lorentz served in the U.S . Army Air Corps , more specifically the Air Transport Command ( ATC ) , accompanied by Floyd Crosby , who became an outstanding cinematographer during World War II . He was promoted to the rank of colonel . While serving , he made 275 pilot navigational films and minor documentaries for the U.S . Office of War Information ( OWI ) and the U.S . Information Agency ( USIA ) , and filmed over 2,500 hours of bombing raids . ( Note : Lorentzs name is not associated with any OWI or USIA films",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "; his son Pare Lorentz , Jr. , may have worked on a USIA film though most of his work was for USAID. ) In 1946 , Lorentz made a federally funded movie about the Nuremberg trials , intended to help educate the German people as to what had happened during the war . In the process of compiling material , Lorentz reviewed over 1 million hours of footage about the Nazis and their atrocities . Nuremberg , the film that resulted , played to capacity audiences in Germany for two years . However , it was not released in",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "the United States until 1979 . This film was produced for the Civil Affairs Division of the Government of Military Occupation ( OMGUS ) . Lorentzs role and contributions to this production are not entirely clear because he prematurely resigned and the Hollywood director Budd Schulberg is given credit for completing it .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " Later life and legacy . In the prosperity of the post–War period , there was no revival of partnerships with the federal government . He had ambitious plans to make documentaries about the New Deal and the United Nations , but funding was not available from government or private sources . His final film was Rural Co-op , which he wrote and directed in 1947 . Lorentz lived a quiet life among the country gentry north of New York City in the upscale town of Armonk , New York until his death in 1992 .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "The International Documentary Association named its Pare Lorentz Documentary Fund , as well as the Pare Lorentz Film Festival and its grand prize in honor of Lorentz , granted to individuals whose work best represents the democratic sensibility , activist spirit and lyrical vision of Lorentz .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " - The Roosevelt Year ( 1933 ) - The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) - The River ( 1938 ) - The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) - Nuremberg ( 1946 ) - Rural Co-op ( 1947 )",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": "The Library of Congress has made available on its website a full-length version of The River , open for public viewing at the prints digital ID of hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/ntscrm.00101008 . This is a theatrical projection print acquired as part of the librarys preservation program for films which were honored by being selected for listing on the National Film Registry . The following XML page contains the prints metadata as a Dublin Core record : lccn.loc.gov/2007640253/dc .",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": " The Pare Lorentz Center , located at the Franklin D . Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park , New York , but with its separate online presence , has links on its website to three films which were posted to YouTube by the FDR Librarys account :",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": "- The aforementioned film ( but a different print ) The River – part of the FDR Librarys description reads , The script for the film was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for poetry and was also described by author James Joyce as ‘the most beautiful prose I have heard in ten years’.”",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": " - The Plow That Broke the Plains - The Fight for Life Part 1 – a historical recording from the National Archives at College Park",
"title": "Selected filmography"
}
] |
/wiki/Pare_Lorentz#P69#2
|
Pare Lorentz went to which school before Jun 1915?
|
Pare Lorentz Pare Lorentz ( December 11 , 1905 – March 4 , 1992 ) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal . Born Leonard MacTaggart Lorentz in Clarksburg , West Virginia he was educated at Buckhannon High School , West Virginia Wesleyan College , and West Virginia University . As a young film critic in both New York City and Hollywood , Lorentz spoke out against censorship in the film industry . As the most influential documentary filmmaker of the Great Depression , Lorentz was the leading American advocate for government-sponsored documentary films . His service as a filmmaker for the U.S . Army Air Corps during World War II was formidable , including technical films , documentation of bombing raids , and synthesizing raw footage of Nazi atrocities for an educational film on the Nuremberg Trials . Nonetheless , Lorentz perennially will be known best as FDR′s filmmaker . New Deal documentary films . Lorentz left West Virginia University , in 1925 , to begin a career as a writer and film critic in New York City . He contributed articles to leading magazines such as Scribners , Vanity Fair , McCalls , and Town and Country . Lorentz also co-authored a 1929 book , Censored : the private life of the movie . His work as a film critic led him to Hollywood , where he wrote several articles on censorship and The Roosevelt Year : 1933 , a pictorial review of the first year of Franklin D . Roosevelt′s presidency . Roosevelt was impressed with the articles and the book , and in 1936 , as president of the United States , invited Lorentz to make a government-sponsored film about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl . Despite not having any film credits , Lorentz was appointed to the Resettlement Administration as a film consultant . He was given to make a film , which became The Plow That Broke the Plains , a film that showed the natural and man–made devastation caused by the Dust Bowl . Though the tight budget and his inexperience occasionally showed through in the film , Lorentzs script , combined with Thomas Hardie Chalmers′s narration and Virgil Thomson′s score , made the 30-minute movie powerful and moving . The film , which had its first public showing on May 10 , 1936 at Washington , D.C′s Mayflower Hotel , had a preview screening in March at the White House . Roosevelt was impressed and , after his re-election in 1936 , gave Lorentz the opportunity to make a film about one of the presidents favorite subjects : conservation . Lorentz made The River , a film celebrating the exploits of the Tennessee Valley Authority . The TVA mitigated flooding but , more importantly to Lorentz and to Roosevelt , it put a stop to the prodigious pillaging of the forests by providing cheap , readily available hydro–electric power to a wide area . This film won the Best Documentary at the Venice International Film Festival . The text of The River appeared in book form , and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry the same year . It generally is considered his most masterful work . When Republicans gained seats in Congress in 1938 , and the congressional balance of power shifted in a more conservative direction , the pipeline of federal commissions for projects like Lorentzs were halted along with the short-lived existence of the US Film Service , which Lorentz headed . In 1940 , he produced Power and the Land promoting the Rural Electric Administration . The REA took over its own production , and the film was directed by Joris Ivens , the prolific Dutch filmmaker best known for his anti–fascist documentaries . Before the U.S . involvement in World War II , Lorentz made The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) , a semi-documentary on the struggle to provide adequate natal ( obstetric ) care at the Chicago Maternity Center , based on a book by Paul de Kruif . John Steinbeck worked on the project with Lorentz . U.S . Army Air Corps World War II films . Lorentz served in the U.S . Army Air Corps , more specifically the Air Transport Command ( ATC ) , accompanied by Floyd Crosby , who became an outstanding cinematographer during World War II . He was promoted to the rank of colonel . While serving , he made 275 pilot navigational films and minor documentaries for the U.S . Office of War Information ( OWI ) and the U.S . Information Agency ( USIA ) , and filmed over 2,500 hours of bombing raids . ( Note : Lorentzs name is not associated with any OWI or USIA films ; his son Pare Lorentz , Jr. , may have worked on a USIA film though most of his work was for USAID. ) In 1946 , Lorentz made a federally funded movie about the Nuremberg trials , intended to help educate the German people as to what had happened during the war . In the process of compiling material , Lorentz reviewed over 1 million hours of footage about the Nazis and their atrocities . Nuremberg , the film that resulted , played to capacity audiences in Germany for two years . However , it was not released in the United States until 1979 . This film was produced for the Civil Affairs Division of the Government of Military Occupation ( OMGUS ) . Lorentzs role and contributions to this production are not entirely clear because he prematurely resigned and the Hollywood director Budd Schulberg is given credit for completing it . Later life and legacy . In the prosperity of the post–War period , there was no revival of partnerships with the federal government . He had ambitious plans to make documentaries about the New Deal and the United Nations , but funding was not available from government or private sources . His final film was Rural Co-op , which he wrote and directed in 1947 . Lorentz lived a quiet life among the country gentry north of New York City in the upscale town of Armonk , New York until his death in 1992 . The International Documentary Association named its Pare Lorentz Documentary Fund , as well as the Pare Lorentz Film Festival and its grand prize in honor of Lorentz , granted to individuals whose work best represents the democratic sensibility , activist spirit and lyrical vision of Lorentz . Selected filmography . - The Roosevelt Year ( 1933 ) - The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) - The River ( 1938 ) - The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) - Nuremberg ( 1946 ) - Rural Co-op ( 1947 ) The Library of Congress has made available on its website a full-length version of The River , open for public viewing at the prints digital ID of hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/ntscrm.00101008 . This is a theatrical projection print acquired as part of the librarys preservation program for films which were honored by being selected for listing on the National Film Registry . The following XML page contains the prints metadata as a Dublin Core record : lccn.loc.gov/2007640253/dc . The Pare Lorentz Center , located at the Franklin D . Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park , New York , but with its separate online presence , has links on its website to three films which were posted to YouTube by the FDR Librarys account : - The aforementioned film ( but a different print ) The River – part of the FDR Librarys description reads , The script for the film was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for poetry and was also described by author James Joyce as ‘the most beautiful prose I have heard in ten years’.” - The Plow That Broke the Plains - The Fight for Life Part 1 – a historical recording from the National Archives at College Park
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Pare Lorentz ( December 11 , 1905 – March 4 , 1992 ) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal . Born Leonard MacTaggart Lorentz in Clarksburg , West Virginia he was educated at Buckhannon High School , West Virginia Wesleyan College , and West Virginia University . As a young film critic in both New York City and Hollywood , Lorentz spoke out against censorship in the film industry .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "As the most influential documentary filmmaker of the Great Depression , Lorentz was the leading American advocate for government-sponsored documentary films . His service as a filmmaker for the U.S . Army Air Corps during World War II was formidable , including technical films , documentation of bombing raids , and synthesizing raw footage of Nazi atrocities for an educational film on the Nuremberg Trials . Nonetheless , Lorentz perennially will be known best as FDR′s filmmaker .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " New Deal documentary films . Lorentz left West Virginia University , in 1925 , to begin a career as a writer and film critic in New York City . He contributed articles to leading magazines such as Scribners , Vanity Fair , McCalls , and Town and Country . Lorentz also co-authored a 1929 book , Censored : the private life of the movie .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "His work as a film critic led him to Hollywood , where he wrote several articles on censorship and The Roosevelt Year : 1933 , a pictorial review of the first year of Franklin D . Roosevelt′s presidency . Roosevelt was impressed with the articles and the book , and in 1936 , as president of the United States , invited Lorentz to make a government-sponsored film about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "Despite not having any film credits , Lorentz was appointed to the Resettlement Administration as a film consultant . He was given to make a film , which became The Plow That Broke the Plains , a film that showed the natural and man–made devastation caused by the Dust Bowl . Though the tight budget and his inexperience occasionally showed through in the film , Lorentzs script , combined with Thomas Hardie Chalmers′s narration and Virgil Thomson′s score , made the 30-minute movie powerful and moving . The film , which had its first public showing on May 10 ,",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "1936 at Washington , D.C′s Mayflower Hotel , had a preview screening in March at the White House . Roosevelt was impressed and , after his re-election in 1936 , gave Lorentz the opportunity to make a film about one of the presidents favorite subjects : conservation . Lorentz made The River , a film celebrating the exploits of the Tennessee Valley Authority .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " The TVA mitigated flooding but , more importantly to Lorentz and to Roosevelt , it put a stop to the prodigious pillaging of the forests by providing cheap , readily available hydro–electric power to a wide area . This film won the Best Documentary at the Venice International Film Festival . The text of The River appeared in book form , and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry the same year . It generally is considered his most masterful work .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "When Republicans gained seats in Congress in 1938 , and the congressional balance of power shifted in a more conservative direction , the pipeline of federal commissions for projects like Lorentzs were halted along with the short-lived existence of the US Film Service , which Lorentz headed . In 1940 , he produced Power and the Land promoting the Rural Electric Administration . The REA took over its own production , and the film was directed by Joris Ivens , the prolific Dutch filmmaker best known for his anti–fascist documentaries .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " Before the U.S . involvement in World War II , Lorentz made The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) , a semi-documentary on the struggle to provide adequate natal ( obstetric ) care at the Chicago Maternity Center , based on a book by Paul de Kruif . John Steinbeck worked on the project with Lorentz . U.S . Army Air Corps World War II films .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "Lorentz served in the U.S . Army Air Corps , more specifically the Air Transport Command ( ATC ) , accompanied by Floyd Crosby , who became an outstanding cinematographer during World War II . He was promoted to the rank of colonel . While serving , he made 275 pilot navigational films and minor documentaries for the U.S . Office of War Information ( OWI ) and the U.S . Information Agency ( USIA ) , and filmed over 2,500 hours of bombing raids . ( Note : Lorentzs name is not associated with any OWI or USIA films",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "; his son Pare Lorentz , Jr. , may have worked on a USIA film though most of his work was for USAID. ) In 1946 , Lorentz made a federally funded movie about the Nuremberg trials , intended to help educate the German people as to what had happened during the war . In the process of compiling material , Lorentz reviewed over 1 million hours of footage about the Nazis and their atrocities . Nuremberg , the film that resulted , played to capacity audiences in Germany for two years . However , it was not released in",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "the United States until 1979 . This film was produced for the Civil Affairs Division of the Government of Military Occupation ( OMGUS ) . Lorentzs role and contributions to this production are not entirely clear because he prematurely resigned and the Hollywood director Budd Schulberg is given credit for completing it .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " Later life and legacy . In the prosperity of the post–War period , there was no revival of partnerships with the federal government . He had ambitious plans to make documentaries about the New Deal and the United Nations , but funding was not available from government or private sources . His final film was Rural Co-op , which he wrote and directed in 1947 . Lorentz lived a quiet life among the country gentry north of New York City in the upscale town of Armonk , New York until his death in 1992 .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": "The International Documentary Association named its Pare Lorentz Documentary Fund , as well as the Pare Lorentz Film Festival and its grand prize in honor of Lorentz , granted to individuals whose work best represents the democratic sensibility , activist spirit and lyrical vision of Lorentz .",
"title": "Pare Lorentz"
},
{
"text": " - The Roosevelt Year ( 1933 ) - The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) - The River ( 1938 ) - The Fight for Life ( 1940 ) - Nuremberg ( 1946 ) - Rural Co-op ( 1947 )",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": "The Library of Congress has made available on its website a full-length version of The River , open for public viewing at the prints digital ID of hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/ntscrm.00101008 . This is a theatrical projection print acquired as part of the librarys preservation program for films which were honored by being selected for listing on the National Film Registry . The following XML page contains the prints metadata as a Dublin Core record : lccn.loc.gov/2007640253/dc .",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": " The Pare Lorentz Center , located at the Franklin D . Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park , New York , but with its separate online presence , has links on its website to three films which were posted to YouTube by the FDR Librarys account :",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": "- The aforementioned film ( but a different print ) The River – part of the FDR Librarys description reads , The script for the film was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for poetry and was also described by author James Joyce as ‘the most beautiful prose I have heard in ten years’.”",
"title": "Selected filmography"
},
{
"text": " - The Plow That Broke the Plains - The Fight for Life Part 1 – a historical recording from the National Archives at College Park",
"title": "Selected filmography"
}
] |
/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo#P39#0
|
What was the position of Carlos P. Romulo in Dec 1945?
|
Carlos P . Romulo Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education . Early career . Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war . Diplomatic career . Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 . Resident Commissioner . Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union . United Nations . In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down . Palestine Partition Plan . In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan . President of the UN General Assembly . He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble centers from Hong Kong to Batavia . Campaign for Secretary-General . Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States . From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 . Return to the Philippines . Philippine Presidential Aspiration . Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay , the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election . Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet . Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation . According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned . Death . He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace . Published books . Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) . Honors . National Honor - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines Awards and recognitions . Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart - Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947 - International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948 - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) . At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave ! During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera ! Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned ! In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels . Books . - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung - The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death ) - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays
|
[
"Resident Commissioner of the Philippines"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": "honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education .",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": " Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 .",
"title": "Diplomatic career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union .",
"title": "Resident Commissioner"
},
{
"text": "In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down .",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "centers from Hong Kong to Batavia .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": ", the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) .",
"title": "Published books"
},
{
"text": " - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines",
"title": "National Honor"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death )",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays",
"title": "Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo#P39#1
|
What was the position of Carlos P. Romulo in Apr 1949?
|
Carlos P . Romulo Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education . Early career . Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war . Diplomatic career . Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 . Resident Commissioner . Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union . United Nations . In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down . Palestine Partition Plan . In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan . President of the UN General Assembly . He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble centers from Hong Kong to Batavia . Campaign for Secretary-General . Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States . From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 . Return to the Philippines . Philippine Presidential Aspiration . Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay , the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election . Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet . Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation . According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned . Death . He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace . Published books . Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) . Honors . National Honor - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines Awards and recognitions . Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart - Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947 - International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948 - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) . At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave ! During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera ! Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned ! In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels . Books . - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung - The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death ) - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays
|
[
"United Nations"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": "honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education .",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": " Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 .",
"title": "Diplomatic career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union .",
"title": "Resident Commissioner"
},
{
"text": "In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down .",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "centers from Hong Kong to Batavia .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": ", the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) .",
"title": "Published books"
},
{
"text": " - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines",
"title": "National Honor"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death )",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays",
"title": "Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo#P39#2
|
What was the position of Carlos P. Romulo in Mar 1967?
|
Carlos P . Romulo Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education . Early career . Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war . Diplomatic career . Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 . Resident Commissioner . Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union . United Nations . In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down . Palestine Partition Plan . In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan . President of the UN General Assembly . He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble centers from Hong Kong to Batavia . Campaign for Secretary-General . Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States . From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 . Return to the Philippines . Philippine Presidential Aspiration . Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay , the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election . Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet . Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation . According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned . Death . He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace . Published books . Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) . Honors . National Honor - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines Awards and recognitions . Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart - Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947 - International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948 - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) . At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave ! During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera ! Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned ! In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels . Books . - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung - The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death ) - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays
|
[
"president of the United Nations Security Council"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": "honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education .",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": " Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 .",
"title": "Diplomatic career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union .",
"title": "Resident Commissioner"
},
{
"text": "In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down .",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "centers from Hong Kong to Batavia .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": ", the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) .",
"title": "Published books"
},
{
"text": " - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines",
"title": "National Honor"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death )",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays",
"title": "Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo#P39#3
|
What was the position of Carlos P. Romulo between Apr 1972 and Jan 1976?
|
Carlos P . Romulo Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education . Early career . Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war . Diplomatic career . Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 . Resident Commissioner . Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union . United Nations . In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down . Palestine Partition Plan . In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan . President of the UN General Assembly . He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble centers from Hong Kong to Batavia . Campaign for Secretary-General . Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States . From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 . Return to the Philippines . Philippine Presidential Aspiration . Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay , the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election . Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet . Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation . According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned . Death . He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace . Published books . Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) . Honors . National Honor - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines Awards and recognitions . Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart - Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947 - International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948 - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) . At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave ! During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera ! Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned ! In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels . Books . - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung - The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death ) - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays
|
[
"Philippines Secretary"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carlos Peña Rómulo , ( 14 January 1898 – 15 December 1985 ) was a Filipino diplomat , statesman , soldier , journalist and author . He was a reporter at 16 , a newspaper editor by the age of 20 , and a publisher at 32 . He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines , a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army , university president , President of the UN General Assembly , was eventually named one of the Philippines National Artists in Literature , and was the recipient of many other",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": "honors and honorary degrees . He was born in Camiling , Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education .",
"title": "Carlos P . Romulo"
},
{
"text": " Studying in the Philippines and the United States , Dr . Carlos Rómulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923 . Simultaneously , Rómulo served as the secretary to the President of the Senate of the Philippines Manuel Quezon . During the 1930s , Rómulo became the publisher and editor of The Philippines Herald , and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio . At the start of WWII , Major Carlos Rómulo served as an aide to General MacArthur , attaining the rank of general by the end of that war .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents , from Manuel L . Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos , as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines and as the countrys representative to the United States and to the United Nations . He also served as the Resident Commissioner to the U.S . House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era . In addition , he served also as the Secretary of Education in President Diosdado P . Macapagals and President Ferdinand E . Marcoss Cabinet through 1962 to 1968 .",
"title": "Diplomatic career"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946 . This was the title of the non-voting Delegate to the U.S . House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War , and as such , he is the only member of the U.S . Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the Union .",
"title": "Resident Commissioner"
},
{
"text": "In his career in the United Nations , Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights , freedom , and decolonization . In 1948 in Paris , France , at the third UN General Assembly , he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky , who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote : You are just a little man from a little country . In return , Rómulo replied , It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave! , leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down .",
"title": "United Nations"
},
{
"text": "In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine , Rómulo stated We hold that the issue is primarily moral . The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine . The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility . Thus , he clearly intended to oppose the Partition Plan , or at most abstain in the vote . However , pressure on the Philippines government from",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "Washington led to Rómulo being recalled , replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the Partition Plan .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the United Nations Security Council four times , twice in 1957 , 1980 and 1981 . He had served with General Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific , and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942 . The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P . Rómulo of the Philippine Herald was awarded For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": "centers from Hong Kong to Batavia .",
"title": "Palestine Partition Plan"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo ran for the office of United Nations Secretary-General in the 1953 selection . He fell two votes short of the required 7-vote majority in the Security Council , finishing second to Lester B . Pearson of Canada . His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union , both of whom were permanent members with veto power . The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations . Ambassador to the United States .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "From January 1952 to May 1953 , Rómulo became only the second former member of Congress to become the Ambassador to the United States from a foreign country , following Joaquín M . Elizalde , who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts . He later served as Ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962 .",
"title": "Campaign for Secretary-General"
},
{
"text": "Instead , he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party , but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino , who ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramón Magsaysay . Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention , but after the convention opened , the president demanded an open roll-call voting , leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino , the candidate of the party machine . Feeling betrayed , Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": ", the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Foreign Affairs . He was the Philippines Secretary ( Minister from 1973 to 1984 ) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952 , under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984 . In April 1955 he led the Philippines delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung . Resignation from the Marcos Cabinet .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency . But he resigned in 1983 , soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino , citing poor health . Gregorio Brillantes interviewed him in 1984 , and he said he resigned heartsick because of the assassination of Aquino , whom he considered a friend , and the resulting freefall of the Philippines economy and international reputation .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " According to Beth Day Rómulo , the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an ad that the administration was planning to place in the New York Times and other major international dailies . Carlos P . Rómulo refused to sign the ad and instead resigned .",
"title": "Philippine Presidential Aspiration"
},
{
"text": " He died , at 87 , in Manila on 15 December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes Cemetery ( Libingan ng mga Bayani ) . He was honored as one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century . In 1980 , he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as Mr . United Nations for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo , in all , wrote and published 22 books , which includes The United ( novel ) , I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) , I Saw the Fall of the Philippines , Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise ( war-time memoirs ) .",
"title": "Published books"
},
{
"text": " - Quezon Service Cross - ( April 17 , 1951 ) - Philippine Legion of Honor , Commander - National Artist of the Philippines",
"title": "National Honor"
},
{
"text": " Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history , which includes 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries : - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 For his contribution in international cooperation , in particular on questions on undeveloped areas , and as president for UNs 4th General Assembly - United States Presidential Medal of Freedom , January 12 , 1984 - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines - Philippine Gold Cross - Distinguished Silver Star - Purple Heart",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - US Legion of Merit ( Commander ) - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government - Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence , 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award ( for work in the United Nations for peace and world government ) , March 1947 - Princeton University - Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ( in recognition of his contribution to public life ) , May 1947",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "- International Benjamin Franklin Societys Gold Medal ( for distinguished world statesmanship in 1947 ) , January 1948",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - Freeman of the City of Plymouth , England , October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Philippine Presidential Medal of Merit , July 3 , 1949 - Hero of the Republic Award , 1984 - Notre Dame University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1935 - Georgetown University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1960 - Harvard University , Doctor of Laws ( LL.D. ) , 1950 Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through Readers Digest ( June 1989 ) .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "At the third UN General Assembly , held in Paris in 1948 , the USSRs deputy foreign minister , Andrei Vishinsky , sneered at Rómulo and challenged his credentials : You are just a little man from a little country . It is the duty of the little Davids of this world , cried Rómulo , to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia , Marshal Tito welcomed Gen . Rómulo with drinks and cigars , to which the general kindly refused . Their conversation went as follows : At this , Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room , I etcetera , etcetera , etcetera !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": "Rómulo was a dapper little man ( barely five feet four inches in shoes ) . When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944 , and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep , one of Rómulos journalist friends cabled , If MacArthur was in water waist deep , Rómulo must have drowned !",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " In later years , Rómulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature . Gentlemen , he declared , When you say something like that , you make me feel like a dime among nickels .",
"title": "Awards and recognitions"
},
{
"text": " - I Saw the Fall of the Philippines . - My Brother Americans - I See The Philippines Rise - I am a Filipino - The United - Crusade in Asia ( The John Day Company , 1955 ; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay ) - The Meaning of Bandung",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- The Magsaysay Story ( with Marvin M . Gray , The John Day Company 1956 , updated re-edition by Pocket Books , Special Student Edition , SP-18 , December 1957 ; biography of Ramón Magsaysay , Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysays death )",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - I Walked with Heroes ( autobiography ) - Last Man off Bataan ( Rómulos experience during the Japanese Plane bombings. ) - Rómulo : A Third World Soldier at the UN - Daughters for Sale and Other Plays",
"title": "Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Kurt_Schrader#P69#0
|
Kurt Schrader went to which school in Jan 1968?
|
Kurt Schrader Walter Kurt Schrader ( born October 19 , 1951 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2009 . A member of the Democratic Party , his district covers Salem and Newport . Schrader previously served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly from 1997 to 2008 . Early life , education , and early career . Schrader was born in Connecticut and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1973 . While at Cornell , Schrader met Martha Northam and the two were married in 1975 . Schrader earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of Illinois in 1977 . A year later , the Schraders moved to Oregon , and Kurt opened the Clackamas County Veterinary Clinic in Oregon City , to begin his veterinary practice . Schrader served for 16 years on the Canby Planning Commission . Oregon legislature . Elections . Schrader served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives . He first ran for the office in 1994 , where he lost to Republican Jerry Grisham in the general election by 38 votes . In 1996 , Schrader ran again , defeating Paul Kraxburger . He was subsequently reelected in 1998 and 2000 . In 2002 , Schrader ran for the Oregon State Senate seat vacated by the retiring Verne Duncan , representing the 20th district in southwestern Clackamas County , including the cities of Barlow , Canby , Gladstone , Johnson City , Oregon City and portions of Milwaukie . He defeated fellow Oregon House member Kathy Lowe in a contentious Democratic primary , then faced no Republican opposition in the general election . His wife , Martha Schrader , was the Democratic nominee to succeed Schrader for his vacant House seat ; she lost in the general election to Wayne Scott . She then served as a Clackamas County commissioner until 2009 , when she was appointed by the same commission ( recusing herself from voting ) to replace her husband in the State Senate . Committee assignments . In the Oregon Senate , Schrader served as co-chair of the Joint Ways and Means Committee in the 2003 and 2005 sessions , as well as chair of the Interim Joint Legislative Audit Committee in the 2005 session . To prepare for his U.S . House seat , Schrader resigned effective December 17 , 2008 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2008 . In May 2008 , Schrader won the Democratic nomination for for the seat being vacated by Darlene Hooley . In the general election , Schrader defeated Republican Mike Erickson , winning election to the U.S . House . Schrader won the election with 54 percent of the vote to Ericksons 38 percent . Schrader won all seven of the counties in the 5th congressional district , though he posted a plurality win in Polk County . - 2010 Schrader was challenged by Republican nominee and Oregon State Representative Scott Bruun and Pacific Green nominee Chris Lugo . Despite several polls showing Bruun ahead and pollster Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight predicting Schrader would likely lose his bid for reelection , the final vote tally had Schrader winning by a fairly comfortable five-point margin , picking up 51% of the vote to Bruuns 46% . It was the closest House race in Oregon in 2010 , a year in which Republicans picked up at least 63 House seats , but only one on the West Coast . 2012 . Schrader won re-election 54.1% to 42.6% . 2014 . Schrader won 53.9% to 39.4% 2016 . Schrader won 53.6% to 43.1% . He was absent from the Congressional swearing-in on January 3 , 2017 , because he was on his honeymoon . He was the only member of Congress not to be sworn in that day . Tenure . Schrader voted for the Budget Control Act . He voted both in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and for funding SCHIP . On December 17 , 2009 , Schrader announced that he would become a member of the Blue Dog Coalition . Schrader was ranked as the 50th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress ( and the most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Oregon ) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship ( by measuring the frequency each members bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each members co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party ) . In December 2016 , he severely criticized the election of Nancy Pelosi as House Minority Leader . Im very worried we just signed the Democratic Partys death certificate for the next decade and a half , he said . Abortion . Schrader is pro-choice and has received a 100 rating from both Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League . In May 2012 , Schrader opposed and voted against the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2012 , introduced by Republican Representative Trent Franks of Arizona . The bill proposed imposing criminal penalties for giving abortions in special cases , notably when based on gender , race or color of the child or parent . Health care . Schrader received a 100% rating from the Childrens Health Fund . In 2016 , he received an 86% from American Public Health Association . He supports the Affordable Care Act . Schrader is the co-chair ( along with Pennsylvania Representative Allyson Schwartz ) of the New Dem Health Care Task Force , which set forth an agenda of more effectively implementing health care policy in this country that improves payment and delivery systems . In July 2017 , Schrader led a group of ten House Democrats who proposed a plan to improve Obamacare . The plan included a $15 billion annual reinsurance fund to pay health insurers that enroll higher-cost , sicker individuals . Agriculture regulation . In March 2017 , Schrader told a district audience that the Trump administration seemed determined to deregulate agriculture . He admitted that agriculture regulations were a bit of an overreach , causing problems for both dairy and dirt farmers . Veterinary medicine . Schrader coauthored the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014 ( H.R . 1528 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify that veterinarians are not required to have separate registrations to dispense controlled substances outside of their principal place of business , such as when treating animals on a farm . Gun control . In December 2017 , Schrader was one of only six House Democrats to support legislation allowing concealed handgun licensees to carry their weapons in all 50 states . Minimum wage . In July 2019 , Schrader was one of six Democrats in the House of Representatives to oppose a bill which would incrementally increase the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15.00 an hour by 2025 . He was one of two Democrats who voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 because of a provision to raise the minimum wage to $15.00 . When this was removed , Schrader voted in favor of the bill for final passage . Committee assignments . - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - House Subcommittee on Health - House Subcommittee on Energy Caucus memberships . - Veterinary Medicine Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Problem Solvers Caucus - Congressional Task Force on Down Syndrome - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Democratic Caucus Seniors Task Force - Public Education Caucus - Career & Technical Education Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Ports Caucus - Congressional Native American Caucus - House Paper and Packaging Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Beef Caucus - Congressional Franchise Caucus - Taiwan Caucus - Singapore Caucus - Blue Dog Coalition - New Democrat Coalition - Congressional Western Caucus Electoral history . - In the 2010 election , Scott Bruun was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party and Chris Lugo was co-nominated by the Oregon Progressive Party. - In the 2016 and 2018 elections , Kurt Schrader was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party . Personal life . Schrader and former Oregon state senator Martha Schrader divorced in 2011 . He has five children . On December 31 , 2016 , Schrader married Pepco executive and former lobbyist Susan Mora . He is an Episcopalian . Schraders district residence is the Kraft-Brandes-Culberston Farmstead in Canby , also known as Three Rivers Farm , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . External links . - Congressman Kurt Schrader official U.S . House website - Kurt Schrader for Congress campaign website
|
[
"Cornell University",
"the University of Illinois"
] |
[
{
"text": " Walter Kurt Schrader ( born October 19 , 1951 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2009 . A member of the Democratic Party , his district covers Salem and Newport . Schrader previously served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly from 1997 to 2008 . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Kurt Schrader"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was born in Connecticut and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1973 . While at Cornell , Schrader met Martha Northam and the two were married in 1975 . Schrader earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of Illinois in 1977 . A year later , the Schraders moved to Oregon , and Kurt opened the Clackamas County Veterinary Clinic in Oregon City , to begin his veterinary practice .",
"title": "Kurt Schrader"
},
{
"text": " Schrader served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives . He first ran for the office in 1994 , where he lost to Republican Jerry Grisham in the general election by 38 votes . In 1996 , Schrader ran again , defeating Paul Kraxburger . He was subsequently reelected in 1998 and 2000 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Schrader ran for the Oregon State Senate seat vacated by the retiring Verne Duncan , representing the 20th district in southwestern Clackamas County , including the cities of Barlow , Canby , Gladstone , Johnson City , Oregon City and portions of Milwaukie . He defeated fellow Oregon House member Kathy Lowe in a contentious Democratic primary , then faced no Republican opposition in the general election . His wife , Martha Schrader , was the Democratic nominee to succeed Schrader for his vacant House seat ; she lost in the general election to Wayne Scott .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "She then served as a Clackamas County commissioner until 2009 , when she was appointed by the same commission ( recusing herself from voting ) to replace her husband in the State Senate .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " In the Oregon Senate , Schrader served as co-chair of the Joint Ways and Means Committee in the 2003 and 2005 sessions , as well as chair of the Interim Joint Legislative Audit Committee in the 2005 session . To prepare for his U.S . House seat , Schrader resigned effective December 17 , 2008 . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " 2008 . In May 2008 , Schrader won the Democratic nomination for for the seat being vacated by Darlene Hooley . In the general election , Schrader defeated Republican Mike Erickson , winning election to the U.S . House . Schrader won the election with 54 percent of the vote to Ericksons 38 percent . Schrader won all seven of the counties in the 5th congressional district , though he posted a plurality win in Polk County . - 2010",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was challenged by Republican nominee and Oregon State Representative Scott Bruun and Pacific Green nominee Chris Lugo . Despite several polls showing Bruun ahead and pollster Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight predicting Schrader would likely lose his bid for reelection , the final vote tally had Schrader winning by a fairly comfortable five-point margin , picking up 51% of the vote to Bruuns 46% . It was the closest House race in Oregon in 2010 , a year in which Republicans picked up at least 63 House seats , but only one on the West Coast .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2012 . Schrader won re-election 54.1% to 42.6% . 2014 . Schrader won 53.9% to 39.4% 2016 . Schrader won 53.6% to 43.1% . He was absent from the Congressional swearing-in on January 3 , 2017 , because he was on his honeymoon . He was the only member of Congress not to be sworn in that day .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Schrader voted for the Budget Control Act . He voted both in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and for funding SCHIP . On December 17 , 2009 , Schrader announced that he would become a member of the Blue Dog Coalition .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was ranked as the 50th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress ( and the most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Oregon ) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship ( by measuring the frequency each members bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each members co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party ) . In December 2016 , he",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "severely criticized the election of Nancy Pelosi as House Minority Leader . Im very worried we just signed the Democratic Partys death certificate for the next decade and a half , he said .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Schrader is pro-choice and has received a 100 rating from both Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League . In May 2012 , Schrader opposed and voted against the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2012 , introduced by Republican Representative Trent Franks of Arizona . The bill proposed imposing criminal penalties for giving abortions in special cases , notably when based on gender , race or color of the child or parent .",
"title": "Abortion"
},
{
"text": " Schrader received a 100% rating from the Childrens Health Fund . In 2016 , he received an 86% from American Public Health Association . He supports the Affordable Care Act . Schrader is the co-chair ( along with Pennsylvania Representative Allyson Schwartz ) of the New Dem Health Care Task Force , which set forth an agenda of more effectively implementing health care policy in this country that improves payment and delivery systems .",
"title": "Health care"
},
{
"text": "In July 2017 , Schrader led a group of ten House Democrats who proposed a plan to improve Obamacare . The plan included a $15 billion annual reinsurance fund to pay health insurers that enroll higher-cost , sicker individuals .",
"title": "Health care"
},
{
"text": " In March 2017 , Schrader told a district audience that the Trump administration seemed determined to deregulate agriculture . He admitted that agriculture regulations were a bit of an overreach , causing problems for both dairy and dirt farmers .",
"title": "Agriculture regulation"
},
{
"text": " Schrader coauthored the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014 ( H.R . 1528 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify that veterinarians are not required to have separate registrations to dispense controlled substances outside of their principal place of business , such as when treating animals on a farm .",
"title": "Veterinary medicine"
},
{
"text": " In December 2017 , Schrader was one of only six House Democrats to support legislation allowing concealed handgun licensees to carry their weapons in all 50 states .",
"title": "Gun control"
},
{
"text": " In July 2019 , Schrader was one of six Democrats in the House of Representatives to oppose a bill which would incrementally increase the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15.00 an hour by 2025 . He was one of two Democrats who voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 because of a provision to raise the minimum wage to $15.00 . When this was removed , Schrader voted in favor of the bill for final passage .",
"title": "Minimum wage"
},
{
"text": " - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - House Subcommittee on Health - House Subcommittee on Energy",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Veterinary Medicine Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Problem Solvers Caucus - Congressional Task Force on Down Syndrome - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Democratic Caucus Seniors Task Force - Public Education Caucus - Career & Technical Education Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Ports Caucus - Congressional Native American Caucus - House Paper and Packaging Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Beef Caucus - Congressional Franchise Caucus - Taiwan Caucus - Singapore Caucus - Blue Dog Coalition - New Democrat Coalition - Congressional Western Caucus",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " - In the 2010 election , Scott Bruun was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party and Chris Lugo was co-nominated by the Oregon Progressive Party. - In the 2016 and 2018 elections , Kurt Schrader was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party .",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " Schrader and former Oregon state senator Martha Schrader divorced in 2011 . He has five children . On December 31 , 2016 , Schrader married Pepco executive and former lobbyist Susan Mora . He is an Episcopalian . Schraders district residence is the Kraft-Brandes-Culberston Farmstead in Canby , also known as Three Rivers Farm , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Congressman Kurt Schrader official U.S . House website - Kurt Schrader for Congress campaign website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Kurt_Schrader#P69#1
|
Kurt Schrader went to which school between Sep 1975 and May 1976?
|
Kurt Schrader Walter Kurt Schrader ( born October 19 , 1951 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2009 . A member of the Democratic Party , his district covers Salem and Newport . Schrader previously served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly from 1997 to 2008 . Early life , education , and early career . Schrader was born in Connecticut and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1973 . While at Cornell , Schrader met Martha Northam and the two were married in 1975 . Schrader earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of Illinois in 1977 . A year later , the Schraders moved to Oregon , and Kurt opened the Clackamas County Veterinary Clinic in Oregon City , to begin his veterinary practice . Schrader served for 16 years on the Canby Planning Commission . Oregon legislature . Elections . Schrader served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives . He first ran for the office in 1994 , where he lost to Republican Jerry Grisham in the general election by 38 votes . In 1996 , Schrader ran again , defeating Paul Kraxburger . He was subsequently reelected in 1998 and 2000 . In 2002 , Schrader ran for the Oregon State Senate seat vacated by the retiring Verne Duncan , representing the 20th district in southwestern Clackamas County , including the cities of Barlow , Canby , Gladstone , Johnson City , Oregon City and portions of Milwaukie . He defeated fellow Oregon House member Kathy Lowe in a contentious Democratic primary , then faced no Republican opposition in the general election . His wife , Martha Schrader , was the Democratic nominee to succeed Schrader for his vacant House seat ; she lost in the general election to Wayne Scott . She then served as a Clackamas County commissioner until 2009 , when she was appointed by the same commission ( recusing herself from voting ) to replace her husband in the State Senate . Committee assignments . In the Oregon Senate , Schrader served as co-chair of the Joint Ways and Means Committee in the 2003 and 2005 sessions , as well as chair of the Interim Joint Legislative Audit Committee in the 2005 session . To prepare for his U.S . House seat , Schrader resigned effective December 17 , 2008 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2008 . In May 2008 , Schrader won the Democratic nomination for for the seat being vacated by Darlene Hooley . In the general election , Schrader defeated Republican Mike Erickson , winning election to the U.S . House . Schrader won the election with 54 percent of the vote to Ericksons 38 percent . Schrader won all seven of the counties in the 5th congressional district , though he posted a plurality win in Polk County . - 2010 Schrader was challenged by Republican nominee and Oregon State Representative Scott Bruun and Pacific Green nominee Chris Lugo . Despite several polls showing Bruun ahead and pollster Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight predicting Schrader would likely lose his bid for reelection , the final vote tally had Schrader winning by a fairly comfortable five-point margin , picking up 51% of the vote to Bruuns 46% . It was the closest House race in Oregon in 2010 , a year in which Republicans picked up at least 63 House seats , but only one on the West Coast . 2012 . Schrader won re-election 54.1% to 42.6% . 2014 . Schrader won 53.9% to 39.4% 2016 . Schrader won 53.6% to 43.1% . He was absent from the Congressional swearing-in on January 3 , 2017 , because he was on his honeymoon . He was the only member of Congress not to be sworn in that day . Tenure . Schrader voted for the Budget Control Act . He voted both in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and for funding SCHIP . On December 17 , 2009 , Schrader announced that he would become a member of the Blue Dog Coalition . Schrader was ranked as the 50th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress ( and the most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Oregon ) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship ( by measuring the frequency each members bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each members co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party ) . In December 2016 , he severely criticized the election of Nancy Pelosi as House Minority Leader . Im very worried we just signed the Democratic Partys death certificate for the next decade and a half , he said . Abortion . Schrader is pro-choice and has received a 100 rating from both Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League . In May 2012 , Schrader opposed and voted against the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2012 , introduced by Republican Representative Trent Franks of Arizona . The bill proposed imposing criminal penalties for giving abortions in special cases , notably when based on gender , race or color of the child or parent . Health care . Schrader received a 100% rating from the Childrens Health Fund . In 2016 , he received an 86% from American Public Health Association . He supports the Affordable Care Act . Schrader is the co-chair ( along with Pennsylvania Representative Allyson Schwartz ) of the New Dem Health Care Task Force , which set forth an agenda of more effectively implementing health care policy in this country that improves payment and delivery systems . In July 2017 , Schrader led a group of ten House Democrats who proposed a plan to improve Obamacare . The plan included a $15 billion annual reinsurance fund to pay health insurers that enroll higher-cost , sicker individuals . Agriculture regulation . In March 2017 , Schrader told a district audience that the Trump administration seemed determined to deregulate agriculture . He admitted that agriculture regulations were a bit of an overreach , causing problems for both dairy and dirt farmers . Veterinary medicine . Schrader coauthored the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014 ( H.R . 1528 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify that veterinarians are not required to have separate registrations to dispense controlled substances outside of their principal place of business , such as when treating animals on a farm . Gun control . In December 2017 , Schrader was one of only six House Democrats to support legislation allowing concealed handgun licensees to carry their weapons in all 50 states . Minimum wage . In July 2019 , Schrader was one of six Democrats in the House of Representatives to oppose a bill which would incrementally increase the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15.00 an hour by 2025 . He was one of two Democrats who voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 because of a provision to raise the minimum wage to $15.00 . When this was removed , Schrader voted in favor of the bill for final passage . Committee assignments . - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - House Subcommittee on Health - House Subcommittee on Energy Caucus memberships . - Veterinary Medicine Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Problem Solvers Caucus - Congressional Task Force on Down Syndrome - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Democratic Caucus Seniors Task Force - Public Education Caucus - Career & Technical Education Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Ports Caucus - Congressional Native American Caucus - House Paper and Packaging Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Beef Caucus - Congressional Franchise Caucus - Taiwan Caucus - Singapore Caucus - Blue Dog Coalition - New Democrat Coalition - Congressional Western Caucus Electoral history . - In the 2010 election , Scott Bruun was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party and Chris Lugo was co-nominated by the Oregon Progressive Party. - In the 2016 and 2018 elections , Kurt Schrader was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party . Personal life . Schrader and former Oregon state senator Martha Schrader divorced in 2011 . He has five children . On December 31 , 2016 , Schrader married Pepco executive and former lobbyist Susan Mora . He is an Episcopalian . Schraders district residence is the Kraft-Brandes-Culberston Farmstead in Canby , also known as Three Rivers Farm , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . External links . - Congressman Kurt Schrader official U.S . House website - Kurt Schrader for Congress campaign website
|
[
"the University of Illinois"
] |
[
{
"text": " Walter Kurt Schrader ( born October 19 , 1951 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2009 . A member of the Democratic Party , his district covers Salem and Newport . Schrader previously served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly from 1997 to 2008 . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Kurt Schrader"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was born in Connecticut and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1973 . While at Cornell , Schrader met Martha Northam and the two were married in 1975 . Schrader earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of Illinois in 1977 . A year later , the Schraders moved to Oregon , and Kurt opened the Clackamas County Veterinary Clinic in Oregon City , to begin his veterinary practice .",
"title": "Kurt Schrader"
},
{
"text": " Schrader served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives . He first ran for the office in 1994 , where he lost to Republican Jerry Grisham in the general election by 38 votes . In 1996 , Schrader ran again , defeating Paul Kraxburger . He was subsequently reelected in 1998 and 2000 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Schrader ran for the Oregon State Senate seat vacated by the retiring Verne Duncan , representing the 20th district in southwestern Clackamas County , including the cities of Barlow , Canby , Gladstone , Johnson City , Oregon City and portions of Milwaukie . He defeated fellow Oregon House member Kathy Lowe in a contentious Democratic primary , then faced no Republican opposition in the general election . His wife , Martha Schrader , was the Democratic nominee to succeed Schrader for his vacant House seat ; she lost in the general election to Wayne Scott .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "She then served as a Clackamas County commissioner until 2009 , when she was appointed by the same commission ( recusing herself from voting ) to replace her husband in the State Senate .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " In the Oregon Senate , Schrader served as co-chair of the Joint Ways and Means Committee in the 2003 and 2005 sessions , as well as chair of the Interim Joint Legislative Audit Committee in the 2005 session . To prepare for his U.S . House seat , Schrader resigned effective December 17 , 2008 . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " 2008 . In May 2008 , Schrader won the Democratic nomination for for the seat being vacated by Darlene Hooley . In the general election , Schrader defeated Republican Mike Erickson , winning election to the U.S . House . Schrader won the election with 54 percent of the vote to Ericksons 38 percent . Schrader won all seven of the counties in the 5th congressional district , though he posted a plurality win in Polk County . - 2010",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was challenged by Republican nominee and Oregon State Representative Scott Bruun and Pacific Green nominee Chris Lugo . Despite several polls showing Bruun ahead and pollster Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight predicting Schrader would likely lose his bid for reelection , the final vote tally had Schrader winning by a fairly comfortable five-point margin , picking up 51% of the vote to Bruuns 46% . It was the closest House race in Oregon in 2010 , a year in which Republicans picked up at least 63 House seats , but only one on the West Coast .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2012 . Schrader won re-election 54.1% to 42.6% . 2014 . Schrader won 53.9% to 39.4% 2016 . Schrader won 53.6% to 43.1% . He was absent from the Congressional swearing-in on January 3 , 2017 , because he was on his honeymoon . He was the only member of Congress not to be sworn in that day .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Schrader voted for the Budget Control Act . He voted both in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and for funding SCHIP . On December 17 , 2009 , Schrader announced that he would become a member of the Blue Dog Coalition .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was ranked as the 50th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress ( and the most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Oregon ) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship ( by measuring the frequency each members bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each members co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party ) . In December 2016 , he",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "severely criticized the election of Nancy Pelosi as House Minority Leader . Im very worried we just signed the Democratic Partys death certificate for the next decade and a half , he said .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Schrader is pro-choice and has received a 100 rating from both Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League . In May 2012 , Schrader opposed and voted against the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2012 , introduced by Republican Representative Trent Franks of Arizona . The bill proposed imposing criminal penalties for giving abortions in special cases , notably when based on gender , race or color of the child or parent .",
"title": "Abortion"
},
{
"text": " Schrader received a 100% rating from the Childrens Health Fund . In 2016 , he received an 86% from American Public Health Association . He supports the Affordable Care Act . Schrader is the co-chair ( along with Pennsylvania Representative Allyson Schwartz ) of the New Dem Health Care Task Force , which set forth an agenda of more effectively implementing health care policy in this country that improves payment and delivery systems .",
"title": "Health care"
},
{
"text": "In July 2017 , Schrader led a group of ten House Democrats who proposed a plan to improve Obamacare . The plan included a $15 billion annual reinsurance fund to pay health insurers that enroll higher-cost , sicker individuals .",
"title": "Health care"
},
{
"text": " In March 2017 , Schrader told a district audience that the Trump administration seemed determined to deregulate agriculture . He admitted that agriculture regulations were a bit of an overreach , causing problems for both dairy and dirt farmers .",
"title": "Agriculture regulation"
},
{
"text": " Schrader coauthored the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014 ( H.R . 1528 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify that veterinarians are not required to have separate registrations to dispense controlled substances outside of their principal place of business , such as when treating animals on a farm .",
"title": "Veterinary medicine"
},
{
"text": " In December 2017 , Schrader was one of only six House Democrats to support legislation allowing concealed handgun licensees to carry their weapons in all 50 states .",
"title": "Gun control"
},
{
"text": " In July 2019 , Schrader was one of six Democrats in the House of Representatives to oppose a bill which would incrementally increase the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15.00 an hour by 2025 . He was one of two Democrats who voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 because of a provision to raise the minimum wage to $15.00 . When this was removed , Schrader voted in favor of the bill for final passage .",
"title": "Minimum wage"
},
{
"text": " - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - House Subcommittee on Health - House Subcommittee on Energy",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Veterinary Medicine Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Problem Solvers Caucus - Congressional Task Force on Down Syndrome - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Democratic Caucus Seniors Task Force - Public Education Caucus - Career & Technical Education Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Ports Caucus - Congressional Native American Caucus - House Paper and Packaging Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Beef Caucus - Congressional Franchise Caucus - Taiwan Caucus - Singapore Caucus - Blue Dog Coalition - New Democrat Coalition - Congressional Western Caucus",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " - In the 2010 election , Scott Bruun was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party and Chris Lugo was co-nominated by the Oregon Progressive Party. - In the 2016 and 2018 elections , Kurt Schrader was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party .",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " Schrader and former Oregon state senator Martha Schrader divorced in 2011 . He has five children . On December 31 , 2016 , Schrader married Pepco executive and former lobbyist Susan Mora . He is an Episcopalian . Schraders district residence is the Kraft-Brandes-Culberston Farmstead in Canby , also known as Three Rivers Farm , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Congressman Kurt Schrader official U.S . House website - Kurt Schrader for Congress campaign website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Kurt_Schrader#P69#2
|
Kurt Schrader went to which school between Sep 1961 and Jun 1964?
|
Kurt Schrader Walter Kurt Schrader ( born October 19 , 1951 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2009 . A member of the Democratic Party , his district covers Salem and Newport . Schrader previously served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly from 1997 to 2008 . Early life , education , and early career . Schrader was born in Connecticut and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1973 . While at Cornell , Schrader met Martha Northam and the two were married in 1975 . Schrader earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of Illinois in 1977 . A year later , the Schraders moved to Oregon , and Kurt opened the Clackamas County Veterinary Clinic in Oregon City , to begin his veterinary practice . Schrader served for 16 years on the Canby Planning Commission . Oregon legislature . Elections . Schrader served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives . He first ran for the office in 1994 , where he lost to Republican Jerry Grisham in the general election by 38 votes . In 1996 , Schrader ran again , defeating Paul Kraxburger . He was subsequently reelected in 1998 and 2000 . In 2002 , Schrader ran for the Oregon State Senate seat vacated by the retiring Verne Duncan , representing the 20th district in southwestern Clackamas County , including the cities of Barlow , Canby , Gladstone , Johnson City , Oregon City and portions of Milwaukie . He defeated fellow Oregon House member Kathy Lowe in a contentious Democratic primary , then faced no Republican opposition in the general election . His wife , Martha Schrader , was the Democratic nominee to succeed Schrader for his vacant House seat ; she lost in the general election to Wayne Scott . She then served as a Clackamas County commissioner until 2009 , when she was appointed by the same commission ( recusing herself from voting ) to replace her husband in the State Senate . Committee assignments . In the Oregon Senate , Schrader served as co-chair of the Joint Ways and Means Committee in the 2003 and 2005 sessions , as well as chair of the Interim Joint Legislative Audit Committee in the 2005 session . To prepare for his U.S . House seat , Schrader resigned effective December 17 , 2008 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2008 . In May 2008 , Schrader won the Democratic nomination for for the seat being vacated by Darlene Hooley . In the general election , Schrader defeated Republican Mike Erickson , winning election to the U.S . House . Schrader won the election with 54 percent of the vote to Ericksons 38 percent . Schrader won all seven of the counties in the 5th congressional district , though he posted a plurality win in Polk County . - 2010 Schrader was challenged by Republican nominee and Oregon State Representative Scott Bruun and Pacific Green nominee Chris Lugo . Despite several polls showing Bruun ahead and pollster Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight predicting Schrader would likely lose his bid for reelection , the final vote tally had Schrader winning by a fairly comfortable five-point margin , picking up 51% of the vote to Bruuns 46% . It was the closest House race in Oregon in 2010 , a year in which Republicans picked up at least 63 House seats , but only one on the West Coast . 2012 . Schrader won re-election 54.1% to 42.6% . 2014 . Schrader won 53.9% to 39.4% 2016 . Schrader won 53.6% to 43.1% . He was absent from the Congressional swearing-in on January 3 , 2017 , because he was on his honeymoon . He was the only member of Congress not to be sworn in that day . Tenure . Schrader voted for the Budget Control Act . He voted both in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and for funding SCHIP . On December 17 , 2009 , Schrader announced that he would become a member of the Blue Dog Coalition . Schrader was ranked as the 50th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress ( and the most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Oregon ) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship ( by measuring the frequency each members bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each members co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party ) . In December 2016 , he severely criticized the election of Nancy Pelosi as House Minority Leader . Im very worried we just signed the Democratic Partys death certificate for the next decade and a half , he said . Abortion . Schrader is pro-choice and has received a 100 rating from both Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League . In May 2012 , Schrader opposed and voted against the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2012 , introduced by Republican Representative Trent Franks of Arizona . The bill proposed imposing criminal penalties for giving abortions in special cases , notably when based on gender , race or color of the child or parent . Health care . Schrader received a 100% rating from the Childrens Health Fund . In 2016 , he received an 86% from American Public Health Association . He supports the Affordable Care Act . Schrader is the co-chair ( along with Pennsylvania Representative Allyson Schwartz ) of the New Dem Health Care Task Force , which set forth an agenda of more effectively implementing health care policy in this country that improves payment and delivery systems . In July 2017 , Schrader led a group of ten House Democrats who proposed a plan to improve Obamacare . The plan included a $15 billion annual reinsurance fund to pay health insurers that enroll higher-cost , sicker individuals . Agriculture regulation . In March 2017 , Schrader told a district audience that the Trump administration seemed determined to deregulate agriculture . He admitted that agriculture regulations were a bit of an overreach , causing problems for both dairy and dirt farmers . Veterinary medicine . Schrader coauthored the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014 ( H.R . 1528 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify that veterinarians are not required to have separate registrations to dispense controlled substances outside of their principal place of business , such as when treating animals on a farm . Gun control . In December 2017 , Schrader was one of only six House Democrats to support legislation allowing concealed handgun licensees to carry their weapons in all 50 states . Minimum wage . In July 2019 , Schrader was one of six Democrats in the House of Representatives to oppose a bill which would incrementally increase the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15.00 an hour by 2025 . He was one of two Democrats who voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 because of a provision to raise the minimum wage to $15.00 . When this was removed , Schrader voted in favor of the bill for final passage . Committee assignments . - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - House Subcommittee on Health - House Subcommittee on Energy Caucus memberships . - Veterinary Medicine Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Problem Solvers Caucus - Congressional Task Force on Down Syndrome - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Democratic Caucus Seniors Task Force - Public Education Caucus - Career & Technical Education Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Ports Caucus - Congressional Native American Caucus - House Paper and Packaging Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Beef Caucus - Congressional Franchise Caucus - Taiwan Caucus - Singapore Caucus - Blue Dog Coalition - New Democrat Coalition - Congressional Western Caucus Electoral history . - In the 2010 election , Scott Bruun was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party and Chris Lugo was co-nominated by the Oregon Progressive Party. - In the 2016 and 2018 elections , Kurt Schrader was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party . Personal life . Schrader and former Oregon state senator Martha Schrader divorced in 2011 . He has five children . On December 31 , 2016 , Schrader married Pepco executive and former lobbyist Susan Mora . He is an Episcopalian . Schraders district residence is the Kraft-Brandes-Culberston Farmstead in Canby , also known as Three Rivers Farm , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . External links . - Congressman Kurt Schrader official U.S . House website - Kurt Schrader for Congress campaign website
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Walter Kurt Schrader ( born October 19 , 1951 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2009 . A member of the Democratic Party , his district covers Salem and Newport . Schrader previously served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly from 1997 to 2008 . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Kurt Schrader"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was born in Connecticut and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1973 . While at Cornell , Schrader met Martha Northam and the two were married in 1975 . Schrader earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of Illinois in 1977 . A year later , the Schraders moved to Oregon , and Kurt opened the Clackamas County Veterinary Clinic in Oregon City , to begin his veterinary practice .",
"title": "Kurt Schrader"
},
{
"text": " Schrader served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives . He first ran for the office in 1994 , where he lost to Republican Jerry Grisham in the general election by 38 votes . In 1996 , Schrader ran again , defeating Paul Kraxburger . He was subsequently reelected in 1998 and 2000 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Schrader ran for the Oregon State Senate seat vacated by the retiring Verne Duncan , representing the 20th district in southwestern Clackamas County , including the cities of Barlow , Canby , Gladstone , Johnson City , Oregon City and portions of Milwaukie . He defeated fellow Oregon House member Kathy Lowe in a contentious Democratic primary , then faced no Republican opposition in the general election . His wife , Martha Schrader , was the Democratic nominee to succeed Schrader for his vacant House seat ; she lost in the general election to Wayne Scott .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "She then served as a Clackamas County commissioner until 2009 , when she was appointed by the same commission ( recusing herself from voting ) to replace her husband in the State Senate .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " In the Oregon Senate , Schrader served as co-chair of the Joint Ways and Means Committee in the 2003 and 2005 sessions , as well as chair of the Interim Joint Legislative Audit Committee in the 2005 session . To prepare for his U.S . House seat , Schrader resigned effective December 17 , 2008 . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " 2008 . In May 2008 , Schrader won the Democratic nomination for for the seat being vacated by Darlene Hooley . In the general election , Schrader defeated Republican Mike Erickson , winning election to the U.S . House . Schrader won the election with 54 percent of the vote to Ericksons 38 percent . Schrader won all seven of the counties in the 5th congressional district , though he posted a plurality win in Polk County . - 2010",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was challenged by Republican nominee and Oregon State Representative Scott Bruun and Pacific Green nominee Chris Lugo . Despite several polls showing Bruun ahead and pollster Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight predicting Schrader would likely lose his bid for reelection , the final vote tally had Schrader winning by a fairly comfortable five-point margin , picking up 51% of the vote to Bruuns 46% . It was the closest House race in Oregon in 2010 , a year in which Republicans picked up at least 63 House seats , but only one on the West Coast .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2012 . Schrader won re-election 54.1% to 42.6% . 2014 . Schrader won 53.9% to 39.4% 2016 . Schrader won 53.6% to 43.1% . He was absent from the Congressional swearing-in on January 3 , 2017 , because he was on his honeymoon . He was the only member of Congress not to be sworn in that day .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Schrader voted for the Budget Control Act . He voted both in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and for funding SCHIP . On December 17 , 2009 , Schrader announced that he would become a member of the Blue Dog Coalition .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Schrader was ranked as the 50th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress ( and the most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Oregon ) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship ( by measuring the frequency each members bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each members co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party ) . In December 2016 , he",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "severely criticized the election of Nancy Pelosi as House Minority Leader . Im very worried we just signed the Democratic Partys death certificate for the next decade and a half , he said .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Schrader is pro-choice and has received a 100 rating from both Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League . In May 2012 , Schrader opposed and voted against the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2012 , introduced by Republican Representative Trent Franks of Arizona . The bill proposed imposing criminal penalties for giving abortions in special cases , notably when based on gender , race or color of the child or parent .",
"title": "Abortion"
},
{
"text": " Schrader received a 100% rating from the Childrens Health Fund . In 2016 , he received an 86% from American Public Health Association . He supports the Affordable Care Act . Schrader is the co-chair ( along with Pennsylvania Representative Allyson Schwartz ) of the New Dem Health Care Task Force , which set forth an agenda of more effectively implementing health care policy in this country that improves payment and delivery systems .",
"title": "Health care"
},
{
"text": "In July 2017 , Schrader led a group of ten House Democrats who proposed a plan to improve Obamacare . The plan included a $15 billion annual reinsurance fund to pay health insurers that enroll higher-cost , sicker individuals .",
"title": "Health care"
},
{
"text": " In March 2017 , Schrader told a district audience that the Trump administration seemed determined to deregulate agriculture . He admitted that agriculture regulations were a bit of an overreach , causing problems for both dairy and dirt farmers .",
"title": "Agriculture regulation"
},
{
"text": " Schrader coauthored the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014 ( H.R . 1528 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify that veterinarians are not required to have separate registrations to dispense controlled substances outside of their principal place of business , such as when treating animals on a farm .",
"title": "Veterinary medicine"
},
{
"text": " In December 2017 , Schrader was one of only six House Democrats to support legislation allowing concealed handgun licensees to carry their weapons in all 50 states .",
"title": "Gun control"
},
{
"text": " In July 2019 , Schrader was one of six Democrats in the House of Representatives to oppose a bill which would incrementally increase the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15.00 an hour by 2025 . He was one of two Democrats who voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 because of a provision to raise the minimum wage to $15.00 . When this was removed , Schrader voted in favor of the bill for final passage .",
"title": "Minimum wage"
},
{
"text": " - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - House Subcommittee on Health - House Subcommittee on Energy",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Veterinary Medicine Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Problem Solvers Caucus - Congressional Task Force on Down Syndrome - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Democratic Caucus Seniors Task Force - Public Education Caucus - Career & Technical Education Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Ports Caucus - Congressional Native American Caucus - House Paper and Packaging Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Beef Caucus - Congressional Franchise Caucus - Taiwan Caucus - Singapore Caucus - Blue Dog Coalition - New Democrat Coalition - Congressional Western Caucus",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " - In the 2010 election , Scott Bruun was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party and Chris Lugo was co-nominated by the Oregon Progressive Party. - In the 2016 and 2018 elections , Kurt Schrader was co-nominated by the Oregon Independent Party .",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " Schrader and former Oregon state senator Martha Schrader divorced in 2011 . He has five children . On December 31 , 2016 , Schrader married Pepco executive and former lobbyist Susan Mora . He is an Episcopalian . Schraders district residence is the Kraft-Brandes-Culberston Farmstead in Canby , also known as Three Rivers Farm , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Congressman Kurt Schrader official U.S . House website - Kurt Schrader for Congress campaign website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Joseph_Bech#P39#0
|
Which position did Joseph Bech hold between Jun 1930 and Sep 1937?
|
Joseph Bech Joseph Bech ( 17 February 1887 – 8 March 1975 ) was a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer . He was the 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg , serving for eleven years , from 16 July 1926 to 5 November 1937 . He returned to the position after World War II , and served for another four years , from 29 December 1953 until 29 March 1958 . The 1982–1983 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour . Career . Bech studied law at Fribourg and Paris before he received his doctorate in law in 1912 , and qualifies as a lawyer in 1914 . The same year , on 30 June , he was elected to the Luxembourgish Chamber of Deputies for the newly-founded Party of the Right , representing the Canton of Grevenmacher . On 15 April 1921 , Bech was appointed to Émile Reuters cabinet , holding the positions of Director-General for the Interior and Director-General for Education . In 1925 , Bech lost those positions , as the Party of the Right was edged out of government by a coalition of the other parties , which formed the government under Pierre Prüm . When Prüms coalition collapsed in 1926 , Bech became Prime Minister , as well as Minister for Foreign Affairs , Education and Wine-growing . He was to remain Foreign and Wine-growing Minister until 1954 . His term as Prime Minister , on the other hand , lasted until 1937 , when he resigned over the outcome in the referendum on the Maulkuerfgesetz . At various points , he also held the portfolios of Agriculture , Arts and Sciences , and the Interior . With the invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940 Germany , most of the government quickly departed Luxembourg City and escaped to France . It was in Bordeaux that Bech and his family were granted transit visas from the Portuguese consul Aristides de Sousa Mendes , along with the rest of the government and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg , in June 1940 . Joseph , along with his wife Georgette , and their children Charles and Betty , followed the Grand Ducal family through Coimbra and Lisbon , settling at Praia das Maçãs after the Grand Ducal family had moved to Cascais . By August , the entire entourage had moved to Monte Estoril , where the Bech stayed at Chalet Posser de Andrade until 26 September 1940 , with the exception of Charles , who would stay until 2 October . On 26 September , Georgette and Betty boarded the S.S . Excalibur headed for New York City , along with Prime Minister of Luxembourg Pierre Dupong and his wife Sophie . They arrived on 5 October 1940 . Joseph Bech eventually returned to London , where the Luxembourg government-in-exile was officially based . During World War II , Bech was the Foreign Minister of the Luxembourg government-in-exile in London . In that capacity he signed the Benelux Treaty in 1944 . Bech is considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the European Community . He was one of the participants of the Messina Conference in 1955 , which would lead to the Treaty of Rome in 1957 . He was Prime Minister again from 1953 to 1958 , succeeding Pierre Dupong . He remained in the government until 1959 , when he became President of the Chamber of Deputies until 1964 . Bech died on 8 March 1975 , at the age of 88 . Honours and awards . Honours . - Grand-Cross of Order of the Oak Crown - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 1955 ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 1958 ) Awards . - Charlemagne Prize ( 26 May 1960 ) – in recognition of his lifes work and his high merits for the unification of Europe that began in the old League of Nations and in the European institutions took their purposeful continuation .
|
[
"Prime Minister of Luxembourg"
] |
[
{
"text": " Joseph Bech ( 17 February 1887 – 8 March 1975 ) was a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer . He was the 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg , serving for eleven years , from 16 July 1926 to 5 November 1937 . He returned to the position after World War II , and served for another four years , from 29 December 1953 until 29 March 1958 . The 1982–1983 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour .",
"title": "Joseph Bech"
},
{
"text": " Bech studied law at Fribourg and Paris before he received his doctorate in law in 1912 , and qualifies as a lawyer in 1914 . The same year , on 30 June , he was elected to the Luxembourgish Chamber of Deputies for the newly-founded Party of the Right , representing the Canton of Grevenmacher .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On 15 April 1921 , Bech was appointed to Émile Reuters cabinet , holding the positions of Director-General for the Interior and Director-General for Education . In 1925 , Bech lost those positions , as the Party of the Right was edged out of government by a coalition of the other parties , which formed the government under Pierre Prüm .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " When Prüms coalition collapsed in 1926 , Bech became Prime Minister , as well as Minister for Foreign Affairs , Education and Wine-growing . He was to remain Foreign and Wine-growing Minister until 1954 . His term as Prime Minister , on the other hand , lasted until 1937 , when he resigned over the outcome in the referendum on the Maulkuerfgesetz . At various points , he also held the portfolios of Agriculture , Arts and Sciences , and the Interior .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "With the invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940 Germany , most of the government quickly departed Luxembourg City and escaped to France .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "It was in Bordeaux that Bech and his family were granted transit visas from the Portuguese consul Aristides de Sousa Mendes , along with the rest of the government and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg , in June 1940 . Joseph , along with his wife Georgette , and their children Charles and Betty , followed the Grand Ducal family through Coimbra and Lisbon , settling at Praia das Maçãs after the Grand Ducal family had moved to Cascais . By August , the entire entourage had moved to Monte Estoril , where the Bech stayed at Chalet Posser",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "de Andrade until 26 September 1940 , with the exception of Charles , who would stay until 2 October . On 26 September , Georgette and Betty boarded the S.S . Excalibur headed for New York City , along with Prime Minister of Luxembourg Pierre Dupong and his wife Sophie . They arrived on 5 October 1940 . Joseph Bech eventually returned to London , where the Luxembourg government-in-exile was officially based .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " During World War II , Bech was the Foreign Minister of the Luxembourg government-in-exile in London . In that capacity he signed the Benelux Treaty in 1944 . Bech is considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the European Community . He was one of the participants of the Messina Conference in 1955 , which would lead to the Treaty of Rome in 1957 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was Prime Minister again from 1953 to 1958 , succeeding Pierre Dupong . He remained in the government until 1959 , when he became President of the Chamber of Deputies until 1964 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Grand-Cross of Order of the Oak Crown - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 1955 ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 1958 )",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Charlemagne Prize ( 26 May 1960 ) – in recognition of his lifes work and his high merits for the unification of Europe that began in the old League of Nations and in the European institutions took their purposeful continuation .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Joseph_Bech#P39#1
|
Which position did Joseph Bech hold in Feb 1956?
|
Joseph Bech Joseph Bech ( 17 February 1887 – 8 March 1975 ) was a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer . He was the 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg , serving for eleven years , from 16 July 1926 to 5 November 1937 . He returned to the position after World War II , and served for another four years , from 29 December 1953 until 29 March 1958 . The 1982–1983 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour . Career . Bech studied law at Fribourg and Paris before he received his doctorate in law in 1912 , and qualifies as a lawyer in 1914 . The same year , on 30 June , he was elected to the Luxembourgish Chamber of Deputies for the newly-founded Party of the Right , representing the Canton of Grevenmacher . On 15 April 1921 , Bech was appointed to Émile Reuters cabinet , holding the positions of Director-General for the Interior and Director-General for Education . In 1925 , Bech lost those positions , as the Party of the Right was edged out of government by a coalition of the other parties , which formed the government under Pierre Prüm . When Prüms coalition collapsed in 1926 , Bech became Prime Minister , as well as Minister for Foreign Affairs , Education and Wine-growing . He was to remain Foreign and Wine-growing Minister until 1954 . His term as Prime Minister , on the other hand , lasted until 1937 , when he resigned over the outcome in the referendum on the Maulkuerfgesetz . At various points , he also held the portfolios of Agriculture , Arts and Sciences , and the Interior . With the invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940 Germany , most of the government quickly departed Luxembourg City and escaped to France . It was in Bordeaux that Bech and his family were granted transit visas from the Portuguese consul Aristides de Sousa Mendes , along with the rest of the government and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg , in June 1940 . Joseph , along with his wife Georgette , and their children Charles and Betty , followed the Grand Ducal family through Coimbra and Lisbon , settling at Praia das Maçãs after the Grand Ducal family had moved to Cascais . By August , the entire entourage had moved to Monte Estoril , where the Bech stayed at Chalet Posser de Andrade until 26 September 1940 , with the exception of Charles , who would stay until 2 October . On 26 September , Georgette and Betty boarded the S.S . Excalibur headed for New York City , along with Prime Minister of Luxembourg Pierre Dupong and his wife Sophie . They arrived on 5 October 1940 . Joseph Bech eventually returned to London , where the Luxembourg government-in-exile was officially based . During World War II , Bech was the Foreign Minister of the Luxembourg government-in-exile in London . In that capacity he signed the Benelux Treaty in 1944 . Bech is considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the European Community . He was one of the participants of the Messina Conference in 1955 , which would lead to the Treaty of Rome in 1957 . He was Prime Minister again from 1953 to 1958 , succeeding Pierre Dupong . He remained in the government until 1959 , when he became President of the Chamber of Deputies until 1964 . Bech died on 8 March 1975 , at the age of 88 . Honours and awards . Honours . - Grand-Cross of Order of the Oak Crown - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 1955 ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 1958 ) Awards . - Charlemagne Prize ( 26 May 1960 ) – in recognition of his lifes work and his high merits for the unification of Europe that began in the old League of Nations and in the European institutions took their purposeful continuation .
|
[
"Prime Minister"
] |
[
{
"text": " Joseph Bech ( 17 February 1887 – 8 March 1975 ) was a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer . He was the 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg , serving for eleven years , from 16 July 1926 to 5 November 1937 . He returned to the position after World War II , and served for another four years , from 29 December 1953 until 29 March 1958 . The 1982–1983 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour .",
"title": "Joseph Bech"
},
{
"text": " Bech studied law at Fribourg and Paris before he received his doctorate in law in 1912 , and qualifies as a lawyer in 1914 . The same year , on 30 June , he was elected to the Luxembourgish Chamber of Deputies for the newly-founded Party of the Right , representing the Canton of Grevenmacher .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On 15 April 1921 , Bech was appointed to Émile Reuters cabinet , holding the positions of Director-General for the Interior and Director-General for Education . In 1925 , Bech lost those positions , as the Party of the Right was edged out of government by a coalition of the other parties , which formed the government under Pierre Prüm .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " When Prüms coalition collapsed in 1926 , Bech became Prime Minister , as well as Minister for Foreign Affairs , Education and Wine-growing . He was to remain Foreign and Wine-growing Minister until 1954 . His term as Prime Minister , on the other hand , lasted until 1937 , when he resigned over the outcome in the referendum on the Maulkuerfgesetz . At various points , he also held the portfolios of Agriculture , Arts and Sciences , and the Interior .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "With the invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940 Germany , most of the government quickly departed Luxembourg City and escaped to France .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "It was in Bordeaux that Bech and his family were granted transit visas from the Portuguese consul Aristides de Sousa Mendes , along with the rest of the government and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg , in June 1940 . Joseph , along with his wife Georgette , and their children Charles and Betty , followed the Grand Ducal family through Coimbra and Lisbon , settling at Praia das Maçãs after the Grand Ducal family had moved to Cascais . By August , the entire entourage had moved to Monte Estoril , where the Bech stayed at Chalet Posser",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "de Andrade until 26 September 1940 , with the exception of Charles , who would stay until 2 October . On 26 September , Georgette and Betty boarded the S.S . Excalibur headed for New York City , along with Prime Minister of Luxembourg Pierre Dupong and his wife Sophie . They arrived on 5 October 1940 . Joseph Bech eventually returned to London , where the Luxembourg government-in-exile was officially based .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " During World War II , Bech was the Foreign Minister of the Luxembourg government-in-exile in London . In that capacity he signed the Benelux Treaty in 1944 . Bech is considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the European Community . He was one of the participants of the Messina Conference in 1955 , which would lead to the Treaty of Rome in 1957 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was Prime Minister again from 1953 to 1958 , succeeding Pierre Dupong . He remained in the government until 1959 , when he became President of the Chamber of Deputies until 1964 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Grand-Cross of Order of the Oak Crown - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 1955 ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 1958 )",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Charlemagne Prize ( 26 May 1960 ) – in recognition of his lifes work and his high merits for the unification of Europe that began in the old League of Nations and in the European institutions took their purposeful continuation .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Joseph_Bech#P39#2
|
Which position did Joseph Bech hold in early 1960s?
|
Joseph Bech Joseph Bech ( 17 February 1887 – 8 March 1975 ) was a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer . He was the 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg , serving for eleven years , from 16 July 1926 to 5 November 1937 . He returned to the position after World War II , and served for another four years , from 29 December 1953 until 29 March 1958 . The 1982–1983 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour . Career . Bech studied law at Fribourg and Paris before he received his doctorate in law in 1912 , and qualifies as a lawyer in 1914 . The same year , on 30 June , he was elected to the Luxembourgish Chamber of Deputies for the newly-founded Party of the Right , representing the Canton of Grevenmacher . On 15 April 1921 , Bech was appointed to Émile Reuters cabinet , holding the positions of Director-General for the Interior and Director-General for Education . In 1925 , Bech lost those positions , as the Party of the Right was edged out of government by a coalition of the other parties , which formed the government under Pierre Prüm . When Prüms coalition collapsed in 1926 , Bech became Prime Minister , as well as Minister for Foreign Affairs , Education and Wine-growing . He was to remain Foreign and Wine-growing Minister until 1954 . His term as Prime Minister , on the other hand , lasted until 1937 , when he resigned over the outcome in the referendum on the Maulkuerfgesetz . At various points , he also held the portfolios of Agriculture , Arts and Sciences , and the Interior . With the invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940 Germany , most of the government quickly departed Luxembourg City and escaped to France . It was in Bordeaux that Bech and his family were granted transit visas from the Portuguese consul Aristides de Sousa Mendes , along with the rest of the government and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg , in June 1940 . Joseph , along with his wife Georgette , and their children Charles and Betty , followed the Grand Ducal family through Coimbra and Lisbon , settling at Praia das Maçãs after the Grand Ducal family had moved to Cascais . By August , the entire entourage had moved to Monte Estoril , where the Bech stayed at Chalet Posser de Andrade until 26 September 1940 , with the exception of Charles , who would stay until 2 October . On 26 September , Georgette and Betty boarded the S.S . Excalibur headed for New York City , along with Prime Minister of Luxembourg Pierre Dupong and his wife Sophie . They arrived on 5 October 1940 . Joseph Bech eventually returned to London , where the Luxembourg government-in-exile was officially based . During World War II , Bech was the Foreign Minister of the Luxembourg government-in-exile in London . In that capacity he signed the Benelux Treaty in 1944 . Bech is considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the European Community . He was one of the participants of the Messina Conference in 1955 , which would lead to the Treaty of Rome in 1957 . He was Prime Minister again from 1953 to 1958 , succeeding Pierre Dupong . He remained in the government until 1959 , when he became President of the Chamber of Deputies until 1964 . Bech died on 8 March 1975 , at the age of 88 . Honours and awards . Honours . - Grand-Cross of Order of the Oak Crown - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 1955 ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 1958 ) Awards . - Charlemagne Prize ( 26 May 1960 ) – in recognition of his lifes work and his high merits for the unification of Europe that began in the old League of Nations and in the European institutions took their purposeful continuation .
|
[
"President of the Chamber of Deputies"
] |
[
{
"text": " Joseph Bech ( 17 February 1887 – 8 March 1975 ) was a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer . He was the 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg , serving for eleven years , from 16 July 1926 to 5 November 1937 . He returned to the position after World War II , and served for another four years , from 29 December 1953 until 29 March 1958 . The 1982–1983 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour .",
"title": "Joseph Bech"
},
{
"text": " Bech studied law at Fribourg and Paris before he received his doctorate in law in 1912 , and qualifies as a lawyer in 1914 . The same year , on 30 June , he was elected to the Luxembourgish Chamber of Deputies for the newly-founded Party of the Right , representing the Canton of Grevenmacher .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On 15 April 1921 , Bech was appointed to Émile Reuters cabinet , holding the positions of Director-General for the Interior and Director-General for Education . In 1925 , Bech lost those positions , as the Party of the Right was edged out of government by a coalition of the other parties , which formed the government under Pierre Prüm .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " When Prüms coalition collapsed in 1926 , Bech became Prime Minister , as well as Minister for Foreign Affairs , Education and Wine-growing . He was to remain Foreign and Wine-growing Minister until 1954 . His term as Prime Minister , on the other hand , lasted until 1937 , when he resigned over the outcome in the referendum on the Maulkuerfgesetz . At various points , he also held the portfolios of Agriculture , Arts and Sciences , and the Interior .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "With the invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940 Germany , most of the government quickly departed Luxembourg City and escaped to France .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "It was in Bordeaux that Bech and his family were granted transit visas from the Portuguese consul Aristides de Sousa Mendes , along with the rest of the government and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg , in June 1940 . Joseph , along with his wife Georgette , and their children Charles and Betty , followed the Grand Ducal family through Coimbra and Lisbon , settling at Praia das Maçãs after the Grand Ducal family had moved to Cascais . By August , the entire entourage had moved to Monte Estoril , where the Bech stayed at Chalet Posser",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "de Andrade until 26 September 1940 , with the exception of Charles , who would stay until 2 October . On 26 September , Georgette and Betty boarded the S.S . Excalibur headed for New York City , along with Prime Minister of Luxembourg Pierre Dupong and his wife Sophie . They arrived on 5 October 1940 . Joseph Bech eventually returned to London , where the Luxembourg government-in-exile was officially based .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " During World War II , Bech was the Foreign Minister of the Luxembourg government-in-exile in London . In that capacity he signed the Benelux Treaty in 1944 . Bech is considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the European Community . He was one of the participants of the Messina Conference in 1955 , which would lead to the Treaty of Rome in 1957 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was Prime Minister again from 1953 to 1958 , succeeding Pierre Dupong . He remained in the government until 1959 , when he became President of the Chamber of Deputies until 1964 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Grand-Cross of Order of the Oak Crown - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 1955 ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ( 1958 )",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Charlemagne Prize ( 26 May 1960 ) – in recognition of his lifes work and his high merits for the unification of Europe that began in the old League of Nations and in the European institutions took their purposeful continuation .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Many_a_Slip_(radio_series)#P449#0
|
Who was the original broadcaster of Many a Slip (radio series) in Nov 1965?
|
Many a Slip ( radio series ) Many a Slip is a British panel game created by Ian Messiter which was broadcast from 1964 to 1979 . It was chaired by Roy Plomley , with a musical mistakes round supplied by Steve Race . The title of the show is a reference to the English proverb Theres many a slip twixt the cup and the lip . The BBC received requests from school teachers and lecturers for transcripts of Ian Messiters pieces as a fun way of teaching educational subjects to pupils . Contestants . For the first couple of series , the contestants were Isobel Barnett and Eleanor Summerfield versus Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival . Temporary replacements for Lance Percival in the first series ( each for one show ) were Kenneth Horne , Terence Alexander and Jon Pertwee . When the annual radio series returned , magician David Nixon replaced Lance Percival . When Nixon died in 1978 , Percival returned to the show , In the early 1970s , Isobel Barnett and Richard Murdoch were replaced by Katharine Whitehorn and Paul Jennings . The new panellists were replaced after only one series by Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds who remained until the show ended in 1979 . Over 250 shows were recorded . Roy Plomley was in every show but Steve Race missed a few shows due to illness and was replaced by pianist Alan Paul . Eleanor Summerfield only missed two shows ; her temporary replacement was Andrée Melly . The only other stand-in player for one show was Graeme Garden . Format . In a typical round , Plomley read out a piece of text prepared by Messiter , and contestants buzzed in if they detected an error . Correctly identifying an error scored one point and supplying a correction was worth a second ; if a contestant buzzed in when there was no error , two points were awarded to the opposing team . Occasionally a third point was awarded when a contestant spotted a mistake Messiter had not intended . Mid-way through each show , for one round , Plomley handed over to our musical mistakes man , Steve Race , who would play short extracts from well-known pieces of music , each preceded by a spoken introduction , while contestants attempted to detect errors in the introduction , the piece , or both . A regular feature was a memory round : Plomley read a short piece , usually of verse or song lyrics , then read it again later on in the show with funny alterations which the teams scored points for correcting . Other regular features were the Many a Slip library with its books of incorrect titles and authors ; a murder mystery round with the Many a Slip detective ; travelogues of different countries and the Many a Slip chef and his way of cooking with ingredients that no sane chef would use . For each series , the chairman kept a running total of how many games each team had won and in the last show he announced which team had won the series . Broadcast information . From its inception in 1964 , Many a Slip was broadcast on the BBC Light Programme , with the programme repeated the same week on the BBC Home Service . In July 1969 , this changed , with the original broadcast now on BBC Radio 4 and the repeats on BBC Radio 2 . Radio 2 stopped broadcasting the weekly repeats in 1970 . The BBCs archive digital radio station , BBC Radio 4 Extra , occasionally broadcasts repeats of the show . The show was played on Saturday nights on RNZ National ( then known as National Radio ) in New Zealand in the 1980s . Other versions and connections to other shows . In the mid-1960s , Many a Slip was tried out on television for one series . Peter Haigh took over as chairman and Steve Races contribution was replaced by a spot the mistakes in the picture round , but it was deemed too static for TV . Personnel from Many a Slip took part in two special editions of Brain of Britain in which they were pitted against the current years Brain of Brains . The first , in 1970 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , Richard Murdoch and Roy Plomley and was chaired by Franklin Engelmann . The second , in 1976 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , David Nixon , Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds and was chaired by Robert Robinson . In the first series of Just a Minute after Kenneth Williams died in 1988 , for a double recording at the Paris Studio in Lower Regent Street ( the home of many Many a Slip recordings ) , Many a Slip one-time team-mates Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival were reunited to do battle against Clement Freud and Wendy Richard in another of Ian Messiters panel games . Richard Murdoch remained a regular guest on Just a Minute till he died in the early 1990s . In the late 1990s , the BBC recorded a pilot of Many a Slip at the Radio Theatre in Broadcasting House . The shows new host was one-time fill-in panellist Graeme Garden . The teams were Helen Lederer and Lorelei King versus Miles Kington and David Stafford . The show had a new musical mistakes man at the piano . Theme music . The theme music for the series was composed by John Baker at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Sources . - BBC Public Archives in Caversham , Berkshire .
|
[
"BBC Light Programme"
] |
[
{
"text": " Many a Slip is a British panel game created by Ian Messiter which was broadcast from 1964 to 1979 . It was chaired by Roy Plomley , with a musical mistakes round supplied by Steve Race . The title of the show is a reference to the English proverb Theres many a slip twixt the cup and the lip . The BBC received requests from school teachers and lecturers for transcripts of Ian Messiters pieces as a fun way of teaching educational subjects to pupils .",
"title": "Many a Slip ( radio series )"
},
{
"text": " For the first couple of series , the contestants were Isobel Barnett and Eleanor Summerfield versus Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival . Temporary replacements for Lance Percival in the first series ( each for one show ) were Kenneth Horne , Terence Alexander and Jon Pertwee . When the annual radio series returned , magician David Nixon replaced Lance Percival . When Nixon died in 1978 , Percival returned to the show ,",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": "In the early 1970s , Isobel Barnett and Richard Murdoch were replaced by Katharine Whitehorn and Paul Jennings . The new panellists were replaced after only one series by Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds who remained until the show ended in 1979 .",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": " Over 250 shows were recorded . Roy Plomley was in every show but Steve Race missed a few shows due to illness and was replaced by pianist Alan Paul . Eleanor Summerfield only missed two shows ; her temporary replacement was Andrée Melly . The only other stand-in player for one show was Graeme Garden .",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": " In a typical round , Plomley read out a piece of text prepared by Messiter , and contestants buzzed in if they detected an error . Correctly identifying an error scored one point and supplying a correction was worth a second ; if a contestant buzzed in when there was no error , two points were awarded to the opposing team . Occasionally a third point was awarded when a contestant spotted a mistake Messiter had not intended .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Mid-way through each show , for one round , Plomley handed over to our musical mistakes man , Steve Race , who would play short extracts from well-known pieces of music , each preceded by a spoken introduction , while contestants attempted to detect errors in the introduction , the piece , or both . A regular feature was a memory round : Plomley read a short piece , usually of verse or song lyrics , then read it again later on in the show with funny alterations which the teams scored points for correcting . Other regular features were",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "the Many a Slip library with its books of incorrect titles and authors ; a murder mystery round with the Many a Slip detective ; travelogues of different countries and the Many a Slip chef and his way of cooking with ingredients that no sane chef would use .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " For each series , the chairman kept a running total of how many games each team had won and in the last show he announced which team had won the series .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " From its inception in 1964 , Many a Slip was broadcast on the BBC Light Programme , with the programme repeated the same week on the BBC Home Service . In July 1969 , this changed , with the original broadcast now on BBC Radio 4 and the repeats on BBC Radio 2 . Radio 2 stopped broadcasting the weekly repeats in 1970 . The BBCs archive digital radio station , BBC Radio 4 Extra , occasionally broadcasts repeats of the show .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "The show was played on Saturday nights on RNZ National ( then known as National Radio ) in New Zealand in the 1980s .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " Other versions and connections to other shows . In the mid-1960s , Many a Slip was tried out on television for one series . Peter Haigh took over as chairman and Steve Races contribution was replaced by a spot the mistakes in the picture round , but it was deemed too static for TV .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "Personnel from Many a Slip took part in two special editions of Brain of Britain in which they were pitted against the current years Brain of Brains . The first , in 1970 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , Richard Murdoch and Roy Plomley and was chaired by Franklin Engelmann . The second , in 1976 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , David Nixon , Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds and was chaired by Robert Robinson .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " In the first series of Just a Minute after Kenneth Williams died in 1988 , for a double recording at the Paris Studio in Lower Regent Street ( the home of many Many a Slip recordings ) , Many a Slip one-time team-mates Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival were reunited to do battle against Clement Freud and Wendy Richard in another of Ian Messiters panel games . Richard Murdoch remained a regular guest on Just a Minute till he died in the early 1990s .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "In the late 1990s , the BBC recorded a pilot of Many a Slip at the Radio Theatre in Broadcasting House . The shows new host was one-time fill-in panellist Graeme Garden . The teams were Helen Lederer and Lorelei King versus Miles Kington and David Stafford . The show had a new musical mistakes man at the piano .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " The theme music for the series was composed by John Baker at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop .",
"title": "Theme music"
},
{
"text": " - BBC Public Archives in Caversham , Berkshire .",
"title": "Sources"
}
] |
/wiki/Many_a_Slip_(radio_series)#P449#1
|
Who was the original broadcaster of Many a Slip (radio series) in Jun 1969?
|
Many a Slip ( radio series ) Many a Slip is a British panel game created by Ian Messiter which was broadcast from 1964 to 1979 . It was chaired by Roy Plomley , with a musical mistakes round supplied by Steve Race . The title of the show is a reference to the English proverb Theres many a slip twixt the cup and the lip . The BBC received requests from school teachers and lecturers for transcripts of Ian Messiters pieces as a fun way of teaching educational subjects to pupils . Contestants . For the first couple of series , the contestants were Isobel Barnett and Eleanor Summerfield versus Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival . Temporary replacements for Lance Percival in the first series ( each for one show ) were Kenneth Horne , Terence Alexander and Jon Pertwee . When the annual radio series returned , magician David Nixon replaced Lance Percival . When Nixon died in 1978 , Percival returned to the show , In the early 1970s , Isobel Barnett and Richard Murdoch were replaced by Katharine Whitehorn and Paul Jennings . The new panellists were replaced after only one series by Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds who remained until the show ended in 1979 . Over 250 shows were recorded . Roy Plomley was in every show but Steve Race missed a few shows due to illness and was replaced by pianist Alan Paul . Eleanor Summerfield only missed two shows ; her temporary replacement was Andrée Melly . The only other stand-in player for one show was Graeme Garden . Format . In a typical round , Plomley read out a piece of text prepared by Messiter , and contestants buzzed in if they detected an error . Correctly identifying an error scored one point and supplying a correction was worth a second ; if a contestant buzzed in when there was no error , two points were awarded to the opposing team . Occasionally a third point was awarded when a contestant spotted a mistake Messiter had not intended . Mid-way through each show , for one round , Plomley handed over to our musical mistakes man , Steve Race , who would play short extracts from well-known pieces of music , each preceded by a spoken introduction , while contestants attempted to detect errors in the introduction , the piece , or both . A regular feature was a memory round : Plomley read a short piece , usually of verse or song lyrics , then read it again later on in the show with funny alterations which the teams scored points for correcting . Other regular features were the Many a Slip library with its books of incorrect titles and authors ; a murder mystery round with the Many a Slip detective ; travelogues of different countries and the Many a Slip chef and his way of cooking with ingredients that no sane chef would use . For each series , the chairman kept a running total of how many games each team had won and in the last show he announced which team had won the series . Broadcast information . From its inception in 1964 , Many a Slip was broadcast on the BBC Light Programme , with the programme repeated the same week on the BBC Home Service . In July 1969 , this changed , with the original broadcast now on BBC Radio 4 and the repeats on BBC Radio 2 . Radio 2 stopped broadcasting the weekly repeats in 1970 . The BBCs archive digital radio station , BBC Radio 4 Extra , occasionally broadcasts repeats of the show . The show was played on Saturday nights on RNZ National ( then known as National Radio ) in New Zealand in the 1980s . Other versions and connections to other shows . In the mid-1960s , Many a Slip was tried out on television for one series . Peter Haigh took over as chairman and Steve Races contribution was replaced by a spot the mistakes in the picture round , but it was deemed too static for TV . Personnel from Many a Slip took part in two special editions of Brain of Britain in which they were pitted against the current years Brain of Brains . The first , in 1970 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , Richard Murdoch and Roy Plomley and was chaired by Franklin Engelmann . The second , in 1976 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , David Nixon , Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds and was chaired by Robert Robinson . In the first series of Just a Minute after Kenneth Williams died in 1988 , for a double recording at the Paris Studio in Lower Regent Street ( the home of many Many a Slip recordings ) , Many a Slip one-time team-mates Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival were reunited to do battle against Clement Freud and Wendy Richard in another of Ian Messiters panel games . Richard Murdoch remained a regular guest on Just a Minute till he died in the early 1990s . In the late 1990s , the BBC recorded a pilot of Many a Slip at the Radio Theatre in Broadcasting House . The shows new host was one-time fill-in panellist Graeme Garden . The teams were Helen Lederer and Lorelei King versus Miles Kington and David Stafford . The show had a new musical mistakes man at the piano . Theme music . The theme music for the series was composed by John Baker at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Sources . - BBC Public Archives in Caversham , Berkshire .
|
[
"BBC Light Programme"
] |
[
{
"text": " Many a Slip is a British panel game created by Ian Messiter which was broadcast from 1964 to 1979 . It was chaired by Roy Plomley , with a musical mistakes round supplied by Steve Race . The title of the show is a reference to the English proverb Theres many a slip twixt the cup and the lip . The BBC received requests from school teachers and lecturers for transcripts of Ian Messiters pieces as a fun way of teaching educational subjects to pupils .",
"title": "Many a Slip ( radio series )"
},
{
"text": " For the first couple of series , the contestants were Isobel Barnett and Eleanor Summerfield versus Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival . Temporary replacements for Lance Percival in the first series ( each for one show ) were Kenneth Horne , Terence Alexander and Jon Pertwee . When the annual radio series returned , magician David Nixon replaced Lance Percival . When Nixon died in 1978 , Percival returned to the show ,",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": "In the early 1970s , Isobel Barnett and Richard Murdoch were replaced by Katharine Whitehorn and Paul Jennings . The new panellists were replaced after only one series by Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds who remained until the show ended in 1979 .",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": " Over 250 shows were recorded . Roy Plomley was in every show but Steve Race missed a few shows due to illness and was replaced by pianist Alan Paul . Eleanor Summerfield only missed two shows ; her temporary replacement was Andrée Melly . The only other stand-in player for one show was Graeme Garden .",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": " In a typical round , Plomley read out a piece of text prepared by Messiter , and contestants buzzed in if they detected an error . Correctly identifying an error scored one point and supplying a correction was worth a second ; if a contestant buzzed in when there was no error , two points were awarded to the opposing team . Occasionally a third point was awarded when a contestant spotted a mistake Messiter had not intended .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Mid-way through each show , for one round , Plomley handed over to our musical mistakes man , Steve Race , who would play short extracts from well-known pieces of music , each preceded by a spoken introduction , while contestants attempted to detect errors in the introduction , the piece , or both . A regular feature was a memory round : Plomley read a short piece , usually of verse or song lyrics , then read it again later on in the show with funny alterations which the teams scored points for correcting . Other regular features were",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "the Many a Slip library with its books of incorrect titles and authors ; a murder mystery round with the Many a Slip detective ; travelogues of different countries and the Many a Slip chef and his way of cooking with ingredients that no sane chef would use .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " For each series , the chairman kept a running total of how many games each team had won and in the last show he announced which team had won the series .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " From its inception in 1964 , Many a Slip was broadcast on the BBC Light Programme , with the programme repeated the same week on the BBC Home Service . In July 1969 , this changed , with the original broadcast now on BBC Radio 4 and the repeats on BBC Radio 2 . Radio 2 stopped broadcasting the weekly repeats in 1970 . The BBCs archive digital radio station , BBC Radio 4 Extra , occasionally broadcasts repeats of the show .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "The show was played on Saturday nights on RNZ National ( then known as National Radio ) in New Zealand in the 1980s .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " Other versions and connections to other shows . In the mid-1960s , Many a Slip was tried out on television for one series . Peter Haigh took over as chairman and Steve Races contribution was replaced by a spot the mistakes in the picture round , but it was deemed too static for TV .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "Personnel from Many a Slip took part in two special editions of Brain of Britain in which they were pitted against the current years Brain of Brains . The first , in 1970 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , Richard Murdoch and Roy Plomley and was chaired by Franklin Engelmann . The second , in 1976 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , David Nixon , Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds and was chaired by Robert Robinson .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " In the first series of Just a Minute after Kenneth Williams died in 1988 , for a double recording at the Paris Studio in Lower Regent Street ( the home of many Many a Slip recordings ) , Many a Slip one-time team-mates Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival were reunited to do battle against Clement Freud and Wendy Richard in another of Ian Messiters panel games . Richard Murdoch remained a regular guest on Just a Minute till he died in the early 1990s .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "In the late 1990s , the BBC recorded a pilot of Many a Slip at the Radio Theatre in Broadcasting House . The shows new host was one-time fill-in panellist Graeme Garden . The teams were Helen Lederer and Lorelei King versus Miles Kington and David Stafford . The show had a new musical mistakes man at the piano .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " The theme music for the series was composed by John Baker at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop .",
"title": "Theme music"
},
{
"text": " - BBC Public Archives in Caversham , Berkshire .",
"title": "Sources"
}
] |
/wiki/Many_a_Slip_(radio_series)#P449#2
|
Who was the original broadcaster of Many a Slip (radio series) in early 1970s?
|
Many a Slip ( radio series ) Many a Slip is a British panel game created by Ian Messiter which was broadcast from 1964 to 1979 . It was chaired by Roy Plomley , with a musical mistakes round supplied by Steve Race . The title of the show is a reference to the English proverb Theres many a slip twixt the cup and the lip . The BBC received requests from school teachers and lecturers for transcripts of Ian Messiters pieces as a fun way of teaching educational subjects to pupils . Contestants . For the first couple of series , the contestants were Isobel Barnett and Eleanor Summerfield versus Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival . Temporary replacements for Lance Percival in the first series ( each for one show ) were Kenneth Horne , Terence Alexander and Jon Pertwee . When the annual radio series returned , magician David Nixon replaced Lance Percival . When Nixon died in 1978 , Percival returned to the show , In the early 1970s , Isobel Barnett and Richard Murdoch were replaced by Katharine Whitehorn and Paul Jennings . The new panellists were replaced after only one series by Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds who remained until the show ended in 1979 . Over 250 shows were recorded . Roy Plomley was in every show but Steve Race missed a few shows due to illness and was replaced by pianist Alan Paul . Eleanor Summerfield only missed two shows ; her temporary replacement was Andrée Melly . The only other stand-in player for one show was Graeme Garden . Format . In a typical round , Plomley read out a piece of text prepared by Messiter , and contestants buzzed in if they detected an error . Correctly identifying an error scored one point and supplying a correction was worth a second ; if a contestant buzzed in when there was no error , two points were awarded to the opposing team . Occasionally a third point was awarded when a contestant spotted a mistake Messiter had not intended . Mid-way through each show , for one round , Plomley handed over to our musical mistakes man , Steve Race , who would play short extracts from well-known pieces of music , each preceded by a spoken introduction , while contestants attempted to detect errors in the introduction , the piece , or both . A regular feature was a memory round : Plomley read a short piece , usually of verse or song lyrics , then read it again later on in the show with funny alterations which the teams scored points for correcting . Other regular features were the Many a Slip library with its books of incorrect titles and authors ; a murder mystery round with the Many a Slip detective ; travelogues of different countries and the Many a Slip chef and his way of cooking with ingredients that no sane chef would use . For each series , the chairman kept a running total of how many games each team had won and in the last show he announced which team had won the series . Broadcast information . From its inception in 1964 , Many a Slip was broadcast on the BBC Light Programme , with the programme repeated the same week on the BBC Home Service . In July 1969 , this changed , with the original broadcast now on BBC Radio 4 and the repeats on BBC Radio 2 . Radio 2 stopped broadcasting the weekly repeats in 1970 . The BBCs archive digital radio station , BBC Radio 4 Extra , occasionally broadcasts repeats of the show . The show was played on Saturday nights on RNZ National ( then known as National Radio ) in New Zealand in the 1980s . Other versions and connections to other shows . In the mid-1960s , Many a Slip was tried out on television for one series . Peter Haigh took over as chairman and Steve Races contribution was replaced by a spot the mistakes in the picture round , but it was deemed too static for TV . Personnel from Many a Slip took part in two special editions of Brain of Britain in which they were pitted against the current years Brain of Brains . The first , in 1970 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , Richard Murdoch and Roy Plomley and was chaired by Franklin Engelmann . The second , in 1976 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , David Nixon , Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds and was chaired by Robert Robinson . In the first series of Just a Minute after Kenneth Williams died in 1988 , for a double recording at the Paris Studio in Lower Regent Street ( the home of many Many a Slip recordings ) , Many a Slip one-time team-mates Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival were reunited to do battle against Clement Freud and Wendy Richard in another of Ian Messiters panel games . Richard Murdoch remained a regular guest on Just a Minute till he died in the early 1990s . In the late 1990s , the BBC recorded a pilot of Many a Slip at the Radio Theatre in Broadcasting House . The shows new host was one-time fill-in panellist Graeme Garden . The teams were Helen Lederer and Lorelei King versus Miles Kington and David Stafford . The show had a new musical mistakes man at the piano . Theme music . The theme music for the series was composed by John Baker at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Sources . - BBC Public Archives in Caversham , Berkshire .
|
[
"BBC Radio 4"
] |
[
{
"text": " Many a Slip is a British panel game created by Ian Messiter which was broadcast from 1964 to 1979 . It was chaired by Roy Plomley , with a musical mistakes round supplied by Steve Race . The title of the show is a reference to the English proverb Theres many a slip twixt the cup and the lip . The BBC received requests from school teachers and lecturers for transcripts of Ian Messiters pieces as a fun way of teaching educational subjects to pupils .",
"title": "Many a Slip ( radio series )"
},
{
"text": " For the first couple of series , the contestants were Isobel Barnett and Eleanor Summerfield versus Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival . Temporary replacements for Lance Percival in the first series ( each for one show ) were Kenneth Horne , Terence Alexander and Jon Pertwee . When the annual radio series returned , magician David Nixon replaced Lance Percival . When Nixon died in 1978 , Percival returned to the show ,",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": "In the early 1970s , Isobel Barnett and Richard Murdoch were replaced by Katharine Whitehorn and Paul Jennings . The new panellists were replaced after only one series by Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds who remained until the show ended in 1979 .",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": " Over 250 shows were recorded . Roy Plomley was in every show but Steve Race missed a few shows due to illness and was replaced by pianist Alan Paul . Eleanor Summerfield only missed two shows ; her temporary replacement was Andrée Melly . The only other stand-in player for one show was Graeme Garden .",
"title": "Contestants"
},
{
"text": " In a typical round , Plomley read out a piece of text prepared by Messiter , and contestants buzzed in if they detected an error . Correctly identifying an error scored one point and supplying a correction was worth a second ; if a contestant buzzed in when there was no error , two points were awarded to the opposing team . Occasionally a third point was awarded when a contestant spotted a mistake Messiter had not intended .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Mid-way through each show , for one round , Plomley handed over to our musical mistakes man , Steve Race , who would play short extracts from well-known pieces of music , each preceded by a spoken introduction , while contestants attempted to detect errors in the introduction , the piece , or both . A regular feature was a memory round : Plomley read a short piece , usually of verse or song lyrics , then read it again later on in the show with funny alterations which the teams scored points for correcting . Other regular features were",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "the Many a Slip library with its books of incorrect titles and authors ; a murder mystery round with the Many a Slip detective ; travelogues of different countries and the Many a Slip chef and his way of cooking with ingredients that no sane chef would use .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " For each series , the chairman kept a running total of how many games each team had won and in the last show he announced which team had won the series .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " From its inception in 1964 , Many a Slip was broadcast on the BBC Light Programme , with the programme repeated the same week on the BBC Home Service . In July 1969 , this changed , with the original broadcast now on BBC Radio 4 and the repeats on BBC Radio 2 . Radio 2 stopped broadcasting the weekly repeats in 1970 . The BBCs archive digital radio station , BBC Radio 4 Extra , occasionally broadcasts repeats of the show .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "The show was played on Saturday nights on RNZ National ( then known as National Radio ) in New Zealand in the 1980s .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " Other versions and connections to other shows . In the mid-1960s , Many a Slip was tried out on television for one series . Peter Haigh took over as chairman and Steve Races contribution was replaced by a spot the mistakes in the picture round , but it was deemed too static for TV .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "Personnel from Many a Slip took part in two special editions of Brain of Britain in which they were pitted against the current years Brain of Brains . The first , in 1970 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , Richard Murdoch and Roy Plomley and was chaired by Franklin Engelmann . The second , in 1976 , featured Eleanor Summerfield , David Nixon , Tim Rice and Gillian Reynolds and was chaired by Robert Robinson .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " In the first series of Just a Minute after Kenneth Williams died in 1988 , for a double recording at the Paris Studio in Lower Regent Street ( the home of many Many a Slip recordings ) , Many a Slip one-time team-mates Richard Murdoch and Lance Percival were reunited to do battle against Clement Freud and Wendy Richard in another of Ian Messiters panel games . Richard Murdoch remained a regular guest on Just a Minute till he died in the early 1990s .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": "In the late 1990s , the BBC recorded a pilot of Many a Slip at the Radio Theatre in Broadcasting House . The shows new host was one-time fill-in panellist Graeme Garden . The teams were Helen Lederer and Lorelei King versus Miles Kington and David Stafford . The show had a new musical mistakes man at the piano .",
"title": "Broadcast information"
},
{
"text": " The theme music for the series was composed by John Baker at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop .",
"title": "Theme music"
},
{
"text": " - BBC Public Archives in Caversham , Berkshire .",
"title": "Sources"
}
] |
/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo#P39#0
|
Alexander De Croo took which position before Oct 2014?
|
Alexander De Croo Alexander De Croo ( born 3 November 1975 ) is a Belgian politician and businessman who has served as Prime Minister of Belgium since October 2020 . De Croo was born in Vilvoorde , Flemish Brabant , and studied business engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel before attaining an MBA at Northwestern University . He worked for Boston Consulting Group before starting his own company , Darts-ip , in 2006 . De Croo became involved with the Belgian political party Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten ( Open VLD ) , of which he was chairman from 2009 to 2012 . From 2012 to 2020 , De Croo served in the governments of Elio Di Rupo , Charles Michel , and Sophie Wilmès as a deputy prime minister of Belgium . During his tenure as deputy prime minister he served as the Minister of Pensions from 2012 to 2014 , as Minister of Development Cooperation from 2014 to 2020 , and as Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2020 . On 1 October 2020 , over a year after the 2019 federal elections , the De Croo Government was formed to replace Wilmès minority government , with De Croo as Prime Minister . Early life and career . Alexander De Croo was born on 3 November 1975 in Vilvoorde in Flemish Brabant , Belgium and was one of two children of the politician and Minister of State Herman De Croo and his wife Françoise Desguin . In 1993 , he attended the Vrije Universiteit Brussel where he graduated in 1998 in Business Engineering . He attended Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois in 2002 , and completed an MBA at the Kellogg School of Management in 2004 . Prior to his political career , De Croo became a project leader at Boston Consulting Group in 1999 . In 2006 he founded a new company called Darts-ip which specialized in providing services to intellectual property professionals . Early political career . In 2009 , De Croo participated for the first time in politics , standing in the 2009 European elections . He received more than 47,000 votes . On 26 October , De Croo became a candidate for the presidency of his political party , Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats ( Open VLD ) , to succeed the transitional party president , Guy Verhofstadt . He chose Vincent Van Quickenborne and Patricia Ceysens as his running mates to compete against Marino Keulen and Gwendolyn Rutten . On 12 December , he was elected president in the second round with 11,676 votes ; Marino Keulen received 9,614 votes . His election was considered remarkable as he had almost no previous experience as a politician . Since his father was a politician , non-politicians would call this nepotism . Political crisis . Five months after being elected party leader , De Croo threatened to withdraw the Open VLD from the governing coalition if there was no solution to the constitutional dispute in the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde voting issue . After Open VLDs deadline passed the party left the government and then Prime Minister Yves Leterme announced the governments resignation . This was accepted by King Albert II on 26 April 2010 . During the elections for the Senate in 2010 , De Croo obtained more than 301,000 votes , the third most in the Dutch-speaking constituency and served as a senator until 22 October 2012 . Career in government . Part of the Di Rupo government . De Croo succeeded Van Quickenborne in the Di Rupo Government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions on 22 October 2012 after Van Quickenborne resigned to become mayor of Kortrijk . In December Gwendolyn Rutten was elected as the new chairwoman of Open VLD . Part of the Michel I and II governments . After the 2014 Belgian federal election and its Federal Government formation , it was decided that he would remain Deputy Prime Minister in the newly formed Michel I Government . De Croo also became Minister of Development Cooperation , Digital Agenda , Telecom and Postal Services while Daniel Bacquelaine took over from him as Minister of Pensions . This government took office on 11 October 2014 . During De Croos time in office , Belgium became the first country to suspend official development assistance to Burundi after the beginning of violent unrest in the African country from 2015 . In 2017 , De Croo pledged €25 million ( $26.81 million ) through 2025 to eradicate African sleeping sickness . He also was one of the founders of the She Decides movement , a reaction against the re-installation of the Mexico City Policy by President Donald Trump . After a disagreement within the government over the UN Global Compact for Migration , the N-VA left the governing coalition , causing the administration to become a minority government on 9 December 2018 , known as Michel II . De Croo became Minister of Finance , replacing Johan Van Overtveldt . In December 2018 , De Croo took the stage during the Global Citizen Festival Mandela 100 concert in Johannesburg , South Africa . It was the final event of the international campaign #SheIsEqual for womens rights which attracted €780 million in commitments . Part of the Wilmès I and II governments . Under the caretaker administration of Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès , he oversaw a financial stimulus package to tackle the COVID-19 crisis and a deal to save Brussels Airlines in 2020 . He was elected joint deputy chairman of Open VLD , together with Egbert Lachaert . Prime Minister . On 23 September 2020 , Alexander De Croo and Paul Magnette ( PS ) were appointed by the King to form a government . On 30 September 2020 , it was announced that De Croo would take over the position of Prime Minister of Belgium , succeeding Wilmès . His government has a higher proportion of women ministers than any previous Belgian government : half of the ministers are women . Political views and ideology . Like the majority of party leaders in Belgium , De Croo is in favour of greater limits on the political power of the Belgian monarch . He is of the opinion that the monarchs power should be ceremonial , similar to that of other Western European monarchs . Personal life . De Croo is married to Annik Penders and they have two children . He is a keen equestrian and takes part in a formal event each year together with his father ; in 2010 he broke a foot and an elbow when he fell from his horse . He is fluent in Dutch , English and in French , the mother tongue of his mother . Other activities . European Union organizations . - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) - European Stability Mechanism , member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) International organizations . - African Development Bank ( AfDB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the Europe Policy Group ( since 2017 )
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Alexander De Croo ( born 3 November 1975 ) is a Belgian politician and businessman who has served as Prime Minister of Belgium since October 2020 .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "De Croo was born in Vilvoorde , Flemish Brabant , and studied business engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel before attaining an MBA at Northwestern University . He worked for Boston Consulting Group before starting his own company , Darts-ip , in 2006 . De Croo became involved with the Belgian political party Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten ( Open VLD ) , of which he was chairman from 2009 to 2012 . From 2012 to 2020 , De Croo served in the governments of Elio Di Rupo , Charles Michel , and Sophie Wilmès as a deputy prime minister",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "of Belgium .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": " During his tenure as deputy prime minister he served as the Minister of Pensions from 2012 to 2014 , as Minister of Development Cooperation from 2014 to 2020 , and as Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2020 . On 1 October 2020 , over a year after the 2019 federal elections , the De Croo Government was formed to replace Wilmès minority government , with De Croo as Prime Minister . Early life and career .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "Alexander De Croo was born on 3 November 1975 in Vilvoorde in Flemish Brabant , Belgium and was one of two children of the politician and Minister of State Herman De Croo and his wife Françoise Desguin .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , he attended the Vrije Universiteit Brussel where he graduated in 1998 in Business Engineering . He attended Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois in 2002 , and completed an MBA at the Kellogg School of Management in 2004 . Prior to his political career , De Croo became a project leader at Boston Consulting Group in 1999 . In 2006 he founded a new company called Darts-ip which specialized in providing services to intellectual property professionals .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "In 2009 , De Croo participated for the first time in politics , standing in the 2009 European elections . He received more than 47,000 votes . On 26 October , De Croo became a candidate for the presidency of his political party , Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats ( Open VLD ) , to succeed the transitional party president , Guy Verhofstadt . He chose Vincent Van Quickenborne and Patricia Ceysens as his running mates to compete against Marino Keulen and Gwendolyn Rutten . On 12 December , he was elected president in the second round with 11,676 votes",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "; Marino Keulen received 9,614 votes . His election was considered remarkable as he had almost no previous experience as a politician . Since his father was a politician , non-politicians would call this nepotism .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Five months after being elected party leader , De Croo threatened to withdraw the Open VLD from the governing coalition if there was no solution to the constitutional dispute in the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde voting issue . After Open VLDs deadline passed the party left the government and then Prime Minister Yves Leterme announced the governments resignation . This was accepted by King Albert II on 26 April 2010 . During the elections for the Senate in 2010 , De Croo obtained more than 301,000 votes , the third most in the Dutch-speaking constituency and served as a senator until 22 October",
"title": "Political crisis"
},
{
"text": "2012 .",
"title": "Political crisis"
},
{
"text": " Part of the Di Rupo government . De Croo succeeded Van Quickenborne in the Di Rupo Government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions on 22 October 2012 after Van Quickenborne resigned to become mayor of Kortrijk . In December Gwendolyn Rutten was elected as the new chairwoman of Open VLD . Part of the Michel I and II governments .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": "After the 2014 Belgian federal election and its Federal Government formation , it was decided that he would remain Deputy Prime Minister in the newly formed Michel I Government . De Croo also became Minister of Development Cooperation , Digital Agenda , Telecom and Postal Services while Daniel Bacquelaine took over from him as Minister of Pensions . This government took office on 11 October 2014 .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " During De Croos time in office , Belgium became the first country to suspend official development assistance to Burundi after the beginning of violent unrest in the African country from 2015 . In 2017 , De Croo pledged €25 million ( $26.81 million ) through 2025 to eradicate African sleeping sickness . He also was one of the founders of the She Decides movement , a reaction against the re-installation of the Mexico City Policy by President Donald Trump .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": "After a disagreement within the government over the UN Global Compact for Migration , the N-VA left the governing coalition , causing the administration to become a minority government on 9 December 2018 , known as Michel II . De Croo became Minister of Finance , replacing Johan Van Overtveldt .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " In December 2018 , De Croo took the stage during the Global Citizen Festival Mandela 100 concert in Johannesburg , South Africa . It was the final event of the international campaign #SheIsEqual for womens rights which attracted €780 million in commitments . Part of the Wilmès I and II governments . Under the caretaker administration of Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès , he oversaw a financial stimulus package to tackle the COVID-19 crisis and a deal to save Brussels Airlines in 2020 . He was elected joint deputy chairman of Open VLD , together with Egbert Lachaert .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " On 23 September 2020 , Alexander De Croo and Paul Magnette ( PS ) were appointed by the King to form a government . On 30 September 2020 , it was announced that De Croo would take over the position of Prime Minister of Belgium , succeeding Wilmès . His government has a higher proportion of women ministers than any previous Belgian government : half of the ministers are women . Political views and ideology .",
"title": "Prime Minister"
},
{
"text": "Like the majority of party leaders in Belgium , De Croo is in favour of greater limits on the political power of the Belgian monarch . He is of the opinion that the monarchs power should be ceremonial , similar to that of other Western European monarchs .",
"title": "Prime Minister"
},
{
"text": " De Croo is married to Annik Penders and they have two children . He is a keen equestrian and takes part in a formal event each year together with his father ; in 2010 he broke a foot and an elbow when he fell from his horse . He is fluent in Dutch , English and in French , the mother tongue of his mother .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) - European Stability Mechanism , member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 )",
"title": "European Union organizations"
},
{
"text": " - African Development Bank ( AfDB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 )",
"title": "International organizations"
},
{
"text": " - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the Europe Policy Group ( since 2017 )",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
}
] |
/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo#P39#1
|
Alexander De Croo took which position in Oct 2014?
|
Alexander De Croo Alexander De Croo ( born 3 November 1975 ) is a Belgian politician and businessman who has served as Prime Minister of Belgium since October 2020 . De Croo was born in Vilvoorde , Flemish Brabant , and studied business engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel before attaining an MBA at Northwestern University . He worked for Boston Consulting Group before starting his own company , Darts-ip , in 2006 . De Croo became involved with the Belgian political party Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten ( Open VLD ) , of which he was chairman from 2009 to 2012 . From 2012 to 2020 , De Croo served in the governments of Elio Di Rupo , Charles Michel , and Sophie Wilmès as a deputy prime minister of Belgium . During his tenure as deputy prime minister he served as the Minister of Pensions from 2012 to 2014 , as Minister of Development Cooperation from 2014 to 2020 , and as Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2020 . On 1 October 2020 , over a year after the 2019 federal elections , the De Croo Government was formed to replace Wilmès minority government , with De Croo as Prime Minister . Early life and career . Alexander De Croo was born on 3 November 1975 in Vilvoorde in Flemish Brabant , Belgium and was one of two children of the politician and Minister of State Herman De Croo and his wife Françoise Desguin . In 1993 , he attended the Vrije Universiteit Brussel where he graduated in 1998 in Business Engineering . He attended Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois in 2002 , and completed an MBA at the Kellogg School of Management in 2004 . Prior to his political career , De Croo became a project leader at Boston Consulting Group in 1999 . In 2006 he founded a new company called Darts-ip which specialized in providing services to intellectual property professionals . Early political career . In 2009 , De Croo participated for the first time in politics , standing in the 2009 European elections . He received more than 47,000 votes . On 26 October , De Croo became a candidate for the presidency of his political party , Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats ( Open VLD ) , to succeed the transitional party president , Guy Verhofstadt . He chose Vincent Van Quickenborne and Patricia Ceysens as his running mates to compete against Marino Keulen and Gwendolyn Rutten . On 12 December , he was elected president in the second round with 11,676 votes ; Marino Keulen received 9,614 votes . His election was considered remarkable as he had almost no previous experience as a politician . Since his father was a politician , non-politicians would call this nepotism . Political crisis . Five months after being elected party leader , De Croo threatened to withdraw the Open VLD from the governing coalition if there was no solution to the constitutional dispute in the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde voting issue . After Open VLDs deadline passed the party left the government and then Prime Minister Yves Leterme announced the governments resignation . This was accepted by King Albert II on 26 April 2010 . During the elections for the Senate in 2010 , De Croo obtained more than 301,000 votes , the third most in the Dutch-speaking constituency and served as a senator until 22 October 2012 . Career in government . Part of the Di Rupo government . De Croo succeeded Van Quickenborne in the Di Rupo Government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions on 22 October 2012 after Van Quickenborne resigned to become mayor of Kortrijk . In December Gwendolyn Rutten was elected as the new chairwoman of Open VLD . Part of the Michel I and II governments . After the 2014 Belgian federal election and its Federal Government formation , it was decided that he would remain Deputy Prime Minister in the newly formed Michel I Government . De Croo also became Minister of Development Cooperation , Digital Agenda , Telecom and Postal Services while Daniel Bacquelaine took over from him as Minister of Pensions . This government took office on 11 October 2014 . During De Croos time in office , Belgium became the first country to suspend official development assistance to Burundi after the beginning of violent unrest in the African country from 2015 . In 2017 , De Croo pledged €25 million ( $26.81 million ) through 2025 to eradicate African sleeping sickness . He also was one of the founders of the She Decides movement , a reaction against the re-installation of the Mexico City Policy by President Donald Trump . After a disagreement within the government over the UN Global Compact for Migration , the N-VA left the governing coalition , causing the administration to become a minority government on 9 December 2018 , known as Michel II . De Croo became Minister of Finance , replacing Johan Van Overtveldt . In December 2018 , De Croo took the stage during the Global Citizen Festival Mandela 100 concert in Johannesburg , South Africa . It was the final event of the international campaign #SheIsEqual for womens rights which attracted €780 million in commitments . Part of the Wilmès I and II governments . Under the caretaker administration of Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès , he oversaw a financial stimulus package to tackle the COVID-19 crisis and a deal to save Brussels Airlines in 2020 . He was elected joint deputy chairman of Open VLD , together with Egbert Lachaert . Prime Minister . On 23 September 2020 , Alexander De Croo and Paul Magnette ( PS ) were appointed by the King to form a government . On 30 September 2020 , it was announced that De Croo would take over the position of Prime Minister of Belgium , succeeding Wilmès . His government has a higher proportion of women ministers than any previous Belgian government : half of the ministers are women . Political views and ideology . Like the majority of party leaders in Belgium , De Croo is in favour of greater limits on the political power of the Belgian monarch . He is of the opinion that the monarchs power should be ceremonial , similar to that of other Western European monarchs . Personal life . De Croo is married to Annik Penders and they have two children . He is a keen equestrian and takes part in a formal event each year together with his father ; in 2010 he broke a foot and an elbow when he fell from his horse . He is fluent in Dutch , English and in French , the mother tongue of his mother . Other activities . European Union organizations . - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) - European Stability Mechanism , member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) International organizations . - African Development Bank ( AfDB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the Europe Policy Group ( since 2017 )
|
[
"Minister of Development Cooperation"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alexander De Croo ( born 3 November 1975 ) is a Belgian politician and businessman who has served as Prime Minister of Belgium since October 2020 .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "De Croo was born in Vilvoorde , Flemish Brabant , and studied business engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel before attaining an MBA at Northwestern University . He worked for Boston Consulting Group before starting his own company , Darts-ip , in 2006 . De Croo became involved with the Belgian political party Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten ( Open VLD ) , of which he was chairman from 2009 to 2012 . From 2012 to 2020 , De Croo served in the governments of Elio Di Rupo , Charles Michel , and Sophie Wilmès as a deputy prime minister",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "of Belgium .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": " During his tenure as deputy prime minister he served as the Minister of Pensions from 2012 to 2014 , as Minister of Development Cooperation from 2014 to 2020 , and as Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2020 . On 1 October 2020 , over a year after the 2019 federal elections , the De Croo Government was formed to replace Wilmès minority government , with De Croo as Prime Minister . Early life and career .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "Alexander De Croo was born on 3 November 1975 in Vilvoorde in Flemish Brabant , Belgium and was one of two children of the politician and Minister of State Herman De Croo and his wife Françoise Desguin .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , he attended the Vrije Universiteit Brussel where he graduated in 1998 in Business Engineering . He attended Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois in 2002 , and completed an MBA at the Kellogg School of Management in 2004 . Prior to his political career , De Croo became a project leader at Boston Consulting Group in 1999 . In 2006 he founded a new company called Darts-ip which specialized in providing services to intellectual property professionals .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "In 2009 , De Croo participated for the first time in politics , standing in the 2009 European elections . He received more than 47,000 votes . On 26 October , De Croo became a candidate for the presidency of his political party , Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats ( Open VLD ) , to succeed the transitional party president , Guy Verhofstadt . He chose Vincent Van Quickenborne and Patricia Ceysens as his running mates to compete against Marino Keulen and Gwendolyn Rutten . On 12 December , he was elected president in the second round with 11,676 votes",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "; Marino Keulen received 9,614 votes . His election was considered remarkable as he had almost no previous experience as a politician . Since his father was a politician , non-politicians would call this nepotism .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Five months after being elected party leader , De Croo threatened to withdraw the Open VLD from the governing coalition if there was no solution to the constitutional dispute in the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde voting issue . After Open VLDs deadline passed the party left the government and then Prime Minister Yves Leterme announced the governments resignation . This was accepted by King Albert II on 26 April 2010 . During the elections for the Senate in 2010 , De Croo obtained more than 301,000 votes , the third most in the Dutch-speaking constituency and served as a senator until 22 October",
"title": "Political crisis"
},
{
"text": "2012 .",
"title": "Political crisis"
},
{
"text": " Part of the Di Rupo government . De Croo succeeded Van Quickenborne in the Di Rupo Government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions on 22 October 2012 after Van Quickenborne resigned to become mayor of Kortrijk . In December Gwendolyn Rutten was elected as the new chairwoman of Open VLD . Part of the Michel I and II governments .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": "After the 2014 Belgian federal election and its Federal Government formation , it was decided that he would remain Deputy Prime Minister in the newly formed Michel I Government . De Croo also became Minister of Development Cooperation , Digital Agenda , Telecom and Postal Services while Daniel Bacquelaine took over from him as Minister of Pensions . This government took office on 11 October 2014 .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " During De Croos time in office , Belgium became the first country to suspend official development assistance to Burundi after the beginning of violent unrest in the African country from 2015 . In 2017 , De Croo pledged €25 million ( $26.81 million ) through 2025 to eradicate African sleeping sickness . He also was one of the founders of the She Decides movement , a reaction against the re-installation of the Mexico City Policy by President Donald Trump .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": "After a disagreement within the government over the UN Global Compact for Migration , the N-VA left the governing coalition , causing the administration to become a minority government on 9 December 2018 , known as Michel II . De Croo became Minister of Finance , replacing Johan Van Overtveldt .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " In December 2018 , De Croo took the stage during the Global Citizen Festival Mandela 100 concert in Johannesburg , South Africa . It was the final event of the international campaign #SheIsEqual for womens rights which attracted €780 million in commitments . Part of the Wilmès I and II governments . Under the caretaker administration of Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès , he oversaw a financial stimulus package to tackle the COVID-19 crisis and a deal to save Brussels Airlines in 2020 . He was elected joint deputy chairman of Open VLD , together with Egbert Lachaert .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " On 23 September 2020 , Alexander De Croo and Paul Magnette ( PS ) were appointed by the King to form a government . On 30 September 2020 , it was announced that De Croo would take over the position of Prime Minister of Belgium , succeeding Wilmès . His government has a higher proportion of women ministers than any previous Belgian government : half of the ministers are women . Political views and ideology .",
"title": "Prime Minister"
},
{
"text": "Like the majority of party leaders in Belgium , De Croo is in favour of greater limits on the political power of the Belgian monarch . He is of the opinion that the monarchs power should be ceremonial , similar to that of other Western European monarchs .",
"title": "Prime Minister"
},
{
"text": " De Croo is married to Annik Penders and they have two children . He is a keen equestrian and takes part in a formal event each year together with his father ; in 2010 he broke a foot and an elbow when he fell from his horse . He is fluent in Dutch , English and in French , the mother tongue of his mother .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) - European Stability Mechanism , member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 )",
"title": "European Union organizations"
},
{
"text": " - African Development Bank ( AfDB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 )",
"title": "International organizations"
},
{
"text": " - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the Europe Policy Group ( since 2017 )",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
}
] |
/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo#P39#2
|
Alexander De Croo took which position in Oct 2019?
|
Alexander De Croo Alexander De Croo ( born 3 November 1975 ) is a Belgian politician and businessman who has served as Prime Minister of Belgium since October 2020 . De Croo was born in Vilvoorde , Flemish Brabant , and studied business engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel before attaining an MBA at Northwestern University . He worked for Boston Consulting Group before starting his own company , Darts-ip , in 2006 . De Croo became involved with the Belgian political party Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten ( Open VLD ) , of which he was chairman from 2009 to 2012 . From 2012 to 2020 , De Croo served in the governments of Elio Di Rupo , Charles Michel , and Sophie Wilmès as a deputy prime minister of Belgium . During his tenure as deputy prime minister he served as the Minister of Pensions from 2012 to 2014 , as Minister of Development Cooperation from 2014 to 2020 , and as Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2020 . On 1 October 2020 , over a year after the 2019 federal elections , the De Croo Government was formed to replace Wilmès minority government , with De Croo as Prime Minister . Early life and career . Alexander De Croo was born on 3 November 1975 in Vilvoorde in Flemish Brabant , Belgium and was one of two children of the politician and Minister of State Herman De Croo and his wife Françoise Desguin . In 1993 , he attended the Vrije Universiteit Brussel where he graduated in 1998 in Business Engineering . He attended Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois in 2002 , and completed an MBA at the Kellogg School of Management in 2004 . Prior to his political career , De Croo became a project leader at Boston Consulting Group in 1999 . In 2006 he founded a new company called Darts-ip which specialized in providing services to intellectual property professionals . Early political career . In 2009 , De Croo participated for the first time in politics , standing in the 2009 European elections . He received more than 47,000 votes . On 26 October , De Croo became a candidate for the presidency of his political party , Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats ( Open VLD ) , to succeed the transitional party president , Guy Verhofstadt . He chose Vincent Van Quickenborne and Patricia Ceysens as his running mates to compete against Marino Keulen and Gwendolyn Rutten . On 12 December , he was elected president in the second round with 11,676 votes ; Marino Keulen received 9,614 votes . His election was considered remarkable as he had almost no previous experience as a politician . Since his father was a politician , non-politicians would call this nepotism . Political crisis . Five months after being elected party leader , De Croo threatened to withdraw the Open VLD from the governing coalition if there was no solution to the constitutional dispute in the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde voting issue . After Open VLDs deadline passed the party left the government and then Prime Minister Yves Leterme announced the governments resignation . This was accepted by King Albert II on 26 April 2010 . During the elections for the Senate in 2010 , De Croo obtained more than 301,000 votes , the third most in the Dutch-speaking constituency and served as a senator until 22 October 2012 . Career in government . Part of the Di Rupo government . De Croo succeeded Van Quickenborne in the Di Rupo Government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions on 22 October 2012 after Van Quickenborne resigned to become mayor of Kortrijk . In December Gwendolyn Rutten was elected as the new chairwoman of Open VLD . Part of the Michel I and II governments . After the 2014 Belgian federal election and its Federal Government formation , it was decided that he would remain Deputy Prime Minister in the newly formed Michel I Government . De Croo also became Minister of Development Cooperation , Digital Agenda , Telecom and Postal Services while Daniel Bacquelaine took over from him as Minister of Pensions . This government took office on 11 October 2014 . During De Croos time in office , Belgium became the first country to suspend official development assistance to Burundi after the beginning of violent unrest in the African country from 2015 . In 2017 , De Croo pledged €25 million ( $26.81 million ) through 2025 to eradicate African sleeping sickness . He also was one of the founders of the She Decides movement , a reaction against the re-installation of the Mexico City Policy by President Donald Trump . After a disagreement within the government over the UN Global Compact for Migration , the N-VA left the governing coalition , causing the administration to become a minority government on 9 December 2018 , known as Michel II . De Croo became Minister of Finance , replacing Johan Van Overtveldt . In December 2018 , De Croo took the stage during the Global Citizen Festival Mandela 100 concert in Johannesburg , South Africa . It was the final event of the international campaign #SheIsEqual for womens rights which attracted €780 million in commitments . Part of the Wilmès I and II governments . Under the caretaker administration of Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès , he oversaw a financial stimulus package to tackle the COVID-19 crisis and a deal to save Brussels Airlines in 2020 . He was elected joint deputy chairman of Open VLD , together with Egbert Lachaert . Prime Minister . On 23 September 2020 , Alexander De Croo and Paul Magnette ( PS ) were appointed by the King to form a government . On 30 September 2020 , it was announced that De Croo would take over the position of Prime Minister of Belgium , succeeding Wilmès . His government has a higher proportion of women ministers than any previous Belgian government : half of the ministers are women . Political views and ideology . Like the majority of party leaders in Belgium , De Croo is in favour of greater limits on the political power of the Belgian monarch . He is of the opinion that the monarchs power should be ceremonial , similar to that of other Western European monarchs . Personal life . De Croo is married to Annik Penders and they have two children . He is a keen equestrian and takes part in a formal event each year together with his father ; in 2010 he broke a foot and an elbow when he fell from his horse . He is fluent in Dutch , English and in French , the mother tongue of his mother . Other activities . European Union organizations . - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) - European Stability Mechanism , member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) International organizations . - African Development Bank ( AfDB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the Europe Policy Group ( since 2017 )
|
[
"Minister of Finance",
"Minister of Development Cooperation"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alexander De Croo ( born 3 November 1975 ) is a Belgian politician and businessman who has served as Prime Minister of Belgium since October 2020 .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "De Croo was born in Vilvoorde , Flemish Brabant , and studied business engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel before attaining an MBA at Northwestern University . He worked for Boston Consulting Group before starting his own company , Darts-ip , in 2006 . De Croo became involved with the Belgian political party Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten ( Open VLD ) , of which he was chairman from 2009 to 2012 . From 2012 to 2020 , De Croo served in the governments of Elio Di Rupo , Charles Michel , and Sophie Wilmès as a deputy prime minister",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "of Belgium .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": " During his tenure as deputy prime minister he served as the Minister of Pensions from 2012 to 2014 , as Minister of Development Cooperation from 2014 to 2020 , and as Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2020 . On 1 October 2020 , over a year after the 2019 federal elections , the De Croo Government was formed to replace Wilmès minority government , with De Croo as Prime Minister . Early life and career .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "Alexander De Croo was born on 3 November 1975 in Vilvoorde in Flemish Brabant , Belgium and was one of two children of the politician and Minister of State Herman De Croo and his wife Françoise Desguin .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , he attended the Vrije Universiteit Brussel where he graduated in 1998 in Business Engineering . He attended Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois in 2002 , and completed an MBA at the Kellogg School of Management in 2004 . Prior to his political career , De Croo became a project leader at Boston Consulting Group in 1999 . In 2006 he founded a new company called Darts-ip which specialized in providing services to intellectual property professionals .",
"title": "Alexander De Croo"
},
{
"text": "In 2009 , De Croo participated for the first time in politics , standing in the 2009 European elections . He received more than 47,000 votes . On 26 October , De Croo became a candidate for the presidency of his political party , Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats ( Open VLD ) , to succeed the transitional party president , Guy Verhofstadt . He chose Vincent Van Quickenborne and Patricia Ceysens as his running mates to compete against Marino Keulen and Gwendolyn Rutten . On 12 December , he was elected president in the second round with 11,676 votes",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "; Marino Keulen received 9,614 votes . His election was considered remarkable as he had almost no previous experience as a politician . Since his father was a politician , non-politicians would call this nepotism .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Five months after being elected party leader , De Croo threatened to withdraw the Open VLD from the governing coalition if there was no solution to the constitutional dispute in the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde voting issue . After Open VLDs deadline passed the party left the government and then Prime Minister Yves Leterme announced the governments resignation . This was accepted by King Albert II on 26 April 2010 . During the elections for the Senate in 2010 , De Croo obtained more than 301,000 votes , the third most in the Dutch-speaking constituency and served as a senator until 22 October",
"title": "Political crisis"
},
{
"text": "2012 .",
"title": "Political crisis"
},
{
"text": " Part of the Di Rupo government . De Croo succeeded Van Quickenborne in the Di Rupo Government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions on 22 October 2012 after Van Quickenborne resigned to become mayor of Kortrijk . In December Gwendolyn Rutten was elected as the new chairwoman of Open VLD . Part of the Michel I and II governments .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": "After the 2014 Belgian federal election and its Federal Government formation , it was decided that he would remain Deputy Prime Minister in the newly formed Michel I Government . De Croo also became Minister of Development Cooperation , Digital Agenda , Telecom and Postal Services while Daniel Bacquelaine took over from him as Minister of Pensions . This government took office on 11 October 2014 .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " During De Croos time in office , Belgium became the first country to suspend official development assistance to Burundi after the beginning of violent unrest in the African country from 2015 . In 2017 , De Croo pledged €25 million ( $26.81 million ) through 2025 to eradicate African sleeping sickness . He also was one of the founders of the She Decides movement , a reaction against the re-installation of the Mexico City Policy by President Donald Trump .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": "After a disagreement within the government over the UN Global Compact for Migration , the N-VA left the governing coalition , causing the administration to become a minority government on 9 December 2018 , known as Michel II . De Croo became Minister of Finance , replacing Johan Van Overtveldt .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " In December 2018 , De Croo took the stage during the Global Citizen Festival Mandela 100 concert in Johannesburg , South Africa . It was the final event of the international campaign #SheIsEqual for womens rights which attracted €780 million in commitments . Part of the Wilmès I and II governments . Under the caretaker administration of Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès , he oversaw a financial stimulus package to tackle the COVID-19 crisis and a deal to save Brussels Airlines in 2020 . He was elected joint deputy chairman of Open VLD , together with Egbert Lachaert .",
"title": "Career in government"
},
{
"text": " On 23 September 2020 , Alexander De Croo and Paul Magnette ( PS ) were appointed by the King to form a government . On 30 September 2020 , it was announced that De Croo would take over the position of Prime Minister of Belgium , succeeding Wilmès . His government has a higher proportion of women ministers than any previous Belgian government : half of the ministers are women . Political views and ideology .",
"title": "Prime Minister"
},
{
"text": "Like the majority of party leaders in Belgium , De Croo is in favour of greater limits on the political power of the Belgian monarch . He is of the opinion that the monarchs power should be ceremonial , similar to that of other Western European monarchs .",
"title": "Prime Minister"
},
{
"text": " De Croo is married to Annik Penders and they have two children . He is a keen equestrian and takes part in a formal event each year together with his father ; in 2010 he broke a foot and an elbow when he fell from his horse . He is fluent in Dutch , English and in French , the mother tongue of his mother .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 ) - European Stability Mechanism , member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 )",
"title": "European Union organizations"
},
{
"text": " - African Development Bank ( AfDB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex-officio member of the Board of Governors ( since 2018 )",
"title": "International organizations"
},
{
"text": " - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the Europe Policy Group ( since 2017 )",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
}
] |
/wiki/Yasmine_Zaki_Shahab#P69#0
|
Where was Yasmine Zaki Shahab educated in Aug 1974?
|
Yasmine Zaki Shahab Professor Yasmine Zaki Shahab , S.S. , M.A. , Ph.D . ( ; ; born 1 December 1948 ) is an Indonesian anthropologist . In addition , her interest in Betawi society made her actively doing research and writing the topic about that . To date , Shahab is still active in some matters relating to Betawi culture . Biography . Early life . Shahab was born in Mangga Besar , West Jakarta as the fifth child of eight children . Shahab comes from the Ba Alawi sada family of Hadhrami surnamed Aal Shihāb-Uddīn , her father named Zaki bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab , while his mother also comes from the family of Ba Alawi named Lulu Al Hadad . His grandfather , Ali bin Ahmad bin Shahab or more popular with the call of Ali Menteng was the landlord of Menteng , Central Jakarta . Education . Shahabs parents sent their eight children to school in Catholic schools , which at that time was considered more advanced than other public schools . Shahab then went to Santa Melania Elementary School , Sawah Besar , Central Jakarta ; Santa Maria Junior High School , Central Jakarta ; and Santa Ursula High School , Lapangan Banteng , Central Jakarta . After graduating high school , she intends to continue her studies at the Faculty of Law , University of Indonesia . But that desire she undo after her cousin , Fuad Hassan suggested that Shahab take a major in anthropology . The reason was because at that time students in anthropology majors are still few , only five to seven people only , so the chance to stand out will be greater . Shahab graduated with a bachelors degree from the Faculty of Arts , University of Indonesia in 1975 with a thesis entitled Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( The Problem of Integration of Arab Minorities in Jakarta ) . Then , the Master of Arts degree she took at the Australian National University in 1982 with a thesis entitled The Position of Betawi Women . While , her Ph.D degree she got at SOAS , University of London in 1994 with a dissertation entitled Creation of Ethnic Tradition Betawi of Jakarta . Personal life . Yasmine Zaki Shahab was married to Saleh Umar and has two children , Mariam Katlea ( born 1978 ) and Husein Haikel ( born 1983 ) . Career . Yasmine Zaki Shahab is an anthropology lecturer at the University of Indonesia . From 1998 to 2001 , Shahab taught the course of Introduction to Anthropology . In the same period she also taught subjects of Population Anthropology , Tourism Anthropology , then Theory of Anthropology I and II . In addition to teaching at the Undergraduate Program of Anthropology Department , she also taught at the University of Indonesia extension program , which she teach was Introduction to Anthropology . In the postgraduate program , she also taught the Population Anthropology course from 1998 to 2000 . In addition , she also taught at the University of Indonesia Tourism Diploma Program . Works . Thesis and dissertation . - Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( 1975 ) - The Position of Betawi Women : Native People in Jakarta ( 1982 ) - The Creation of Ethnic Tradition : the Betawi of Jakarta ( 1994 ) Journal . - Alih Fungsi Seni dalam Masyarakat Kompleks : Kasus Liang-Liong dan Barongsai ( 2000 ) - Rekacipta Tradisi Betawi : Sisi Otoritas dalam Proses Nasionalisasi Tradisi Lokal ( 2001 ) - Seni sebagai Ekspresi Eksistensi Tantangan Kebijakan Multikulturalisme ( 2004 ) - Sistim Kekerabatan sebagai Katalisator Peran Ulama Keturunan Arab di Jakarta ( 2005 ) Book . - Betawi dalam Perspektif Kontemporer : Perkembangan , Potensi , dan Tantangannya ( 1997 ) , published by Lembaga Kebudayaan Betawi - Busana Betawi : Sejarah & Prospek Pengembangannya ( 2000 ) , published by Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta - Pemahaman Pluralisme Budaya Melalui Seni Pertunjukan ( 2002 ) , published by Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Identitas dan Otoritas : Rekonstruksi Tradisi Betawi ( 2004 ) , published by , University of Indonesia Awards . As a form of appreciation from the Provincial Government of Jakarta to Yasmine Zaki Shahab for his attention to Betawi culture , in 2013 she was selected as the recipient of the awards of humanist category at the 2013 Cultural Award .
|
[
"University of Indonesia"
] |
[
{
"text": " Professor Yasmine Zaki Shahab , S.S. , M.A. , Ph.D . ( ; ; born 1 December 1948 ) is an Indonesian anthropologist . In addition , her interest in Betawi society made her actively doing research and writing the topic about that . To date , Shahab is still active in some matters relating to Betawi culture .",
"title": "Yasmine Zaki Shahab"
},
{
"text": " Shahab was born in Mangga Besar , West Jakarta as the fifth child of eight children . Shahab comes from the Ba Alawi sada family of Hadhrami surnamed Aal Shihāb-Uddīn , her father named Zaki bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab , while his mother also comes from the family of Ba Alawi named Lulu Al Hadad . His grandfather , Ali bin Ahmad bin Shahab or more popular with the call of Ali Menteng was the landlord of Menteng , Central Jakarta .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Shahabs parents sent their eight children to school in Catholic schools , which at that time was considered more advanced than other public schools . Shahab then went to Santa Melania Elementary School , Sawah Besar , Central Jakarta ; Santa Maria Junior High School , Central Jakarta ; and Santa Ursula High School , Lapangan Banteng , Central Jakarta . After graduating high school , she intends to continue her studies at the Faculty of Law , University of Indonesia . But that desire she undo after her cousin , Fuad Hassan suggested that Shahab take a major in",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "anthropology . The reason was because at that time students in anthropology majors are still few , only five to seven people only , so the chance to stand out will be greater .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Shahab graduated with a bachelors degree from the Faculty of Arts , University of Indonesia in 1975 with a thesis entitled Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( The Problem of Integration of Arab Minorities in Jakarta ) . Then , the Master of Arts degree she took at the Australian National University in 1982 with a thesis entitled The Position of Betawi Women . While , her Ph.D degree she got at SOAS , University of London in 1994 with a dissertation entitled Creation of Ethnic Tradition Betawi of Jakarta .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Yasmine Zaki Shahab was married to Saleh Umar and has two children , Mariam Katlea ( born 1978 ) and Husein Haikel ( born 1983 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Yasmine Zaki Shahab is an anthropology lecturer at the University of Indonesia . From 1998 to 2001 , Shahab taught the course of Introduction to Anthropology . In the same period she also taught subjects of Population Anthropology , Tourism Anthropology , then Theory of Anthropology I and II . In addition to teaching at the Undergraduate Program of Anthropology Department , she also taught at the University of Indonesia extension program , which she teach was Introduction to Anthropology .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the postgraduate program , she also taught the Population Anthropology course from 1998 to 2000 . In addition , she also taught at the University of Indonesia Tourism Diploma Program .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( 1975 ) - The Position of Betawi Women : Native People in Jakarta ( 1982 ) - The Creation of Ethnic Tradition : the Betawi of Jakarta ( 1994 )",
"title": "Thesis and dissertation"
},
{
"text": " - Alih Fungsi Seni dalam Masyarakat Kompleks : Kasus Liang-Liong dan Barongsai ( 2000 ) - Rekacipta Tradisi Betawi : Sisi Otoritas dalam Proses Nasionalisasi Tradisi Lokal ( 2001 ) - Seni sebagai Ekspresi Eksistensi Tantangan Kebijakan Multikulturalisme ( 2004 ) - Sistim Kekerabatan sebagai Katalisator Peran Ulama Keturunan Arab di Jakarta ( 2005 )",
"title": "Journal"
},
{
"text": " - Betawi dalam Perspektif Kontemporer : Perkembangan , Potensi , dan Tantangannya ( 1997 ) , published by Lembaga Kebudayaan Betawi - Busana Betawi : Sejarah & Prospek Pengembangannya ( 2000 ) , published by Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta - Pemahaman Pluralisme Budaya Melalui Seni Pertunjukan ( 2002 ) , published by Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Identitas dan Otoritas : Rekonstruksi Tradisi Betawi ( 2004 ) , published by , University of Indonesia",
"title": "Book"
},
{
"text": " As a form of appreciation from the Provincial Government of Jakarta to Yasmine Zaki Shahab for his attention to Betawi culture , in 2013 she was selected as the recipient of the awards of humanist category at the 2013 Cultural Award .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Yasmine_Zaki_Shahab#P69#1
|
Where was Yasmine Zaki Shahab educated in late 1970s?
|
Yasmine Zaki Shahab Professor Yasmine Zaki Shahab , S.S. , M.A. , Ph.D . ( ; ; born 1 December 1948 ) is an Indonesian anthropologist . In addition , her interest in Betawi society made her actively doing research and writing the topic about that . To date , Shahab is still active in some matters relating to Betawi culture . Biography . Early life . Shahab was born in Mangga Besar , West Jakarta as the fifth child of eight children . Shahab comes from the Ba Alawi sada family of Hadhrami surnamed Aal Shihāb-Uddīn , her father named Zaki bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab , while his mother also comes from the family of Ba Alawi named Lulu Al Hadad . His grandfather , Ali bin Ahmad bin Shahab or more popular with the call of Ali Menteng was the landlord of Menteng , Central Jakarta . Education . Shahabs parents sent their eight children to school in Catholic schools , which at that time was considered more advanced than other public schools . Shahab then went to Santa Melania Elementary School , Sawah Besar , Central Jakarta ; Santa Maria Junior High School , Central Jakarta ; and Santa Ursula High School , Lapangan Banteng , Central Jakarta . After graduating high school , she intends to continue her studies at the Faculty of Law , University of Indonesia . But that desire she undo after her cousin , Fuad Hassan suggested that Shahab take a major in anthropology . The reason was because at that time students in anthropology majors are still few , only five to seven people only , so the chance to stand out will be greater . Shahab graduated with a bachelors degree from the Faculty of Arts , University of Indonesia in 1975 with a thesis entitled Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( The Problem of Integration of Arab Minorities in Jakarta ) . Then , the Master of Arts degree she took at the Australian National University in 1982 with a thesis entitled The Position of Betawi Women . While , her Ph.D degree she got at SOAS , University of London in 1994 with a dissertation entitled Creation of Ethnic Tradition Betawi of Jakarta . Personal life . Yasmine Zaki Shahab was married to Saleh Umar and has two children , Mariam Katlea ( born 1978 ) and Husein Haikel ( born 1983 ) . Career . Yasmine Zaki Shahab is an anthropology lecturer at the University of Indonesia . From 1998 to 2001 , Shahab taught the course of Introduction to Anthropology . In the same period she also taught subjects of Population Anthropology , Tourism Anthropology , then Theory of Anthropology I and II . In addition to teaching at the Undergraduate Program of Anthropology Department , she also taught at the University of Indonesia extension program , which she teach was Introduction to Anthropology . In the postgraduate program , she also taught the Population Anthropology course from 1998 to 2000 . In addition , she also taught at the University of Indonesia Tourism Diploma Program . Works . Thesis and dissertation . - Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( 1975 ) - The Position of Betawi Women : Native People in Jakarta ( 1982 ) - The Creation of Ethnic Tradition : the Betawi of Jakarta ( 1994 ) Journal . - Alih Fungsi Seni dalam Masyarakat Kompleks : Kasus Liang-Liong dan Barongsai ( 2000 ) - Rekacipta Tradisi Betawi : Sisi Otoritas dalam Proses Nasionalisasi Tradisi Lokal ( 2001 ) - Seni sebagai Ekspresi Eksistensi Tantangan Kebijakan Multikulturalisme ( 2004 ) - Sistim Kekerabatan sebagai Katalisator Peran Ulama Keturunan Arab di Jakarta ( 2005 ) Book . - Betawi dalam Perspektif Kontemporer : Perkembangan , Potensi , dan Tantangannya ( 1997 ) , published by Lembaga Kebudayaan Betawi - Busana Betawi : Sejarah & Prospek Pengembangannya ( 2000 ) , published by Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta - Pemahaman Pluralisme Budaya Melalui Seni Pertunjukan ( 2002 ) , published by Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Identitas dan Otoritas : Rekonstruksi Tradisi Betawi ( 2004 ) , published by , University of Indonesia Awards . As a form of appreciation from the Provincial Government of Jakarta to Yasmine Zaki Shahab for his attention to Betawi culture , in 2013 she was selected as the recipient of the awards of humanist category at the 2013 Cultural Award .
|
[
"Australian National University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Professor Yasmine Zaki Shahab , S.S. , M.A. , Ph.D . ( ; ; born 1 December 1948 ) is an Indonesian anthropologist . In addition , her interest in Betawi society made her actively doing research and writing the topic about that . To date , Shahab is still active in some matters relating to Betawi culture .",
"title": "Yasmine Zaki Shahab"
},
{
"text": " Shahab was born in Mangga Besar , West Jakarta as the fifth child of eight children . Shahab comes from the Ba Alawi sada family of Hadhrami surnamed Aal Shihāb-Uddīn , her father named Zaki bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab , while his mother also comes from the family of Ba Alawi named Lulu Al Hadad . His grandfather , Ali bin Ahmad bin Shahab or more popular with the call of Ali Menteng was the landlord of Menteng , Central Jakarta .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Shahabs parents sent their eight children to school in Catholic schools , which at that time was considered more advanced than other public schools . Shahab then went to Santa Melania Elementary School , Sawah Besar , Central Jakarta ; Santa Maria Junior High School , Central Jakarta ; and Santa Ursula High School , Lapangan Banteng , Central Jakarta . After graduating high school , she intends to continue her studies at the Faculty of Law , University of Indonesia . But that desire she undo after her cousin , Fuad Hassan suggested that Shahab take a major in",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "anthropology . The reason was because at that time students in anthropology majors are still few , only five to seven people only , so the chance to stand out will be greater .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Shahab graduated with a bachelors degree from the Faculty of Arts , University of Indonesia in 1975 with a thesis entitled Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( The Problem of Integration of Arab Minorities in Jakarta ) . Then , the Master of Arts degree she took at the Australian National University in 1982 with a thesis entitled The Position of Betawi Women . While , her Ph.D degree she got at SOAS , University of London in 1994 with a dissertation entitled Creation of Ethnic Tradition Betawi of Jakarta .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Yasmine Zaki Shahab was married to Saleh Umar and has two children , Mariam Katlea ( born 1978 ) and Husein Haikel ( born 1983 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Yasmine Zaki Shahab is an anthropology lecturer at the University of Indonesia . From 1998 to 2001 , Shahab taught the course of Introduction to Anthropology . In the same period she also taught subjects of Population Anthropology , Tourism Anthropology , then Theory of Anthropology I and II . In addition to teaching at the Undergraduate Program of Anthropology Department , she also taught at the University of Indonesia extension program , which she teach was Introduction to Anthropology .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the postgraduate program , she also taught the Population Anthropology course from 1998 to 2000 . In addition , she also taught at the University of Indonesia Tourism Diploma Program .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( 1975 ) - The Position of Betawi Women : Native People in Jakarta ( 1982 ) - The Creation of Ethnic Tradition : the Betawi of Jakarta ( 1994 )",
"title": "Thesis and dissertation"
},
{
"text": " - Alih Fungsi Seni dalam Masyarakat Kompleks : Kasus Liang-Liong dan Barongsai ( 2000 ) - Rekacipta Tradisi Betawi : Sisi Otoritas dalam Proses Nasionalisasi Tradisi Lokal ( 2001 ) - Seni sebagai Ekspresi Eksistensi Tantangan Kebijakan Multikulturalisme ( 2004 ) - Sistim Kekerabatan sebagai Katalisator Peran Ulama Keturunan Arab di Jakarta ( 2005 )",
"title": "Journal"
},
{
"text": " - Betawi dalam Perspektif Kontemporer : Perkembangan , Potensi , dan Tantangannya ( 1997 ) , published by Lembaga Kebudayaan Betawi - Busana Betawi : Sejarah & Prospek Pengembangannya ( 2000 ) , published by Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta - Pemahaman Pluralisme Budaya Melalui Seni Pertunjukan ( 2002 ) , published by Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Identitas dan Otoritas : Rekonstruksi Tradisi Betawi ( 2004 ) , published by , University of Indonesia",
"title": "Book"
},
{
"text": " As a form of appreciation from the Provincial Government of Jakarta to Yasmine Zaki Shahab for his attention to Betawi culture , in 2013 she was selected as the recipient of the awards of humanist category at the 2013 Cultural Award .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Yasmine_Zaki_Shahab#P69#2
|
Where was Yasmine Zaki Shahab educated in late 1980s?
|
Yasmine Zaki Shahab Professor Yasmine Zaki Shahab , S.S. , M.A. , Ph.D . ( ; ; born 1 December 1948 ) is an Indonesian anthropologist . In addition , her interest in Betawi society made her actively doing research and writing the topic about that . To date , Shahab is still active in some matters relating to Betawi culture . Biography . Early life . Shahab was born in Mangga Besar , West Jakarta as the fifth child of eight children . Shahab comes from the Ba Alawi sada family of Hadhrami surnamed Aal Shihāb-Uddīn , her father named Zaki bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab , while his mother also comes from the family of Ba Alawi named Lulu Al Hadad . His grandfather , Ali bin Ahmad bin Shahab or more popular with the call of Ali Menteng was the landlord of Menteng , Central Jakarta . Education . Shahabs parents sent their eight children to school in Catholic schools , which at that time was considered more advanced than other public schools . Shahab then went to Santa Melania Elementary School , Sawah Besar , Central Jakarta ; Santa Maria Junior High School , Central Jakarta ; and Santa Ursula High School , Lapangan Banteng , Central Jakarta . After graduating high school , she intends to continue her studies at the Faculty of Law , University of Indonesia . But that desire she undo after her cousin , Fuad Hassan suggested that Shahab take a major in anthropology . The reason was because at that time students in anthropology majors are still few , only five to seven people only , so the chance to stand out will be greater . Shahab graduated with a bachelors degree from the Faculty of Arts , University of Indonesia in 1975 with a thesis entitled Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( The Problem of Integration of Arab Minorities in Jakarta ) . Then , the Master of Arts degree she took at the Australian National University in 1982 with a thesis entitled The Position of Betawi Women . While , her Ph.D degree she got at SOAS , University of London in 1994 with a dissertation entitled Creation of Ethnic Tradition Betawi of Jakarta . Personal life . Yasmine Zaki Shahab was married to Saleh Umar and has two children , Mariam Katlea ( born 1978 ) and Husein Haikel ( born 1983 ) . Career . Yasmine Zaki Shahab is an anthropology lecturer at the University of Indonesia . From 1998 to 2001 , Shahab taught the course of Introduction to Anthropology . In the same period she also taught subjects of Population Anthropology , Tourism Anthropology , then Theory of Anthropology I and II . In addition to teaching at the Undergraduate Program of Anthropology Department , she also taught at the University of Indonesia extension program , which she teach was Introduction to Anthropology . In the postgraduate program , she also taught the Population Anthropology course from 1998 to 2000 . In addition , she also taught at the University of Indonesia Tourism Diploma Program . Works . Thesis and dissertation . - Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( 1975 ) - The Position of Betawi Women : Native People in Jakarta ( 1982 ) - The Creation of Ethnic Tradition : the Betawi of Jakarta ( 1994 ) Journal . - Alih Fungsi Seni dalam Masyarakat Kompleks : Kasus Liang-Liong dan Barongsai ( 2000 ) - Rekacipta Tradisi Betawi : Sisi Otoritas dalam Proses Nasionalisasi Tradisi Lokal ( 2001 ) - Seni sebagai Ekspresi Eksistensi Tantangan Kebijakan Multikulturalisme ( 2004 ) - Sistim Kekerabatan sebagai Katalisator Peran Ulama Keturunan Arab di Jakarta ( 2005 ) Book . - Betawi dalam Perspektif Kontemporer : Perkembangan , Potensi , dan Tantangannya ( 1997 ) , published by Lembaga Kebudayaan Betawi - Busana Betawi : Sejarah & Prospek Pengembangannya ( 2000 ) , published by Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta - Pemahaman Pluralisme Budaya Melalui Seni Pertunjukan ( 2002 ) , published by Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Identitas dan Otoritas : Rekonstruksi Tradisi Betawi ( 2004 ) , published by , University of Indonesia Awards . As a form of appreciation from the Provincial Government of Jakarta to Yasmine Zaki Shahab for his attention to Betawi culture , in 2013 she was selected as the recipient of the awards of humanist category at the 2013 Cultural Award .
|
[
"SOAS , University of London"
] |
[
{
"text": " Professor Yasmine Zaki Shahab , S.S. , M.A. , Ph.D . ( ; ; born 1 December 1948 ) is an Indonesian anthropologist . In addition , her interest in Betawi society made her actively doing research and writing the topic about that . To date , Shahab is still active in some matters relating to Betawi culture .",
"title": "Yasmine Zaki Shahab"
},
{
"text": " Shahab was born in Mangga Besar , West Jakarta as the fifth child of eight children . Shahab comes from the Ba Alawi sada family of Hadhrami surnamed Aal Shihāb-Uddīn , her father named Zaki bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab , while his mother also comes from the family of Ba Alawi named Lulu Al Hadad . His grandfather , Ali bin Ahmad bin Shahab or more popular with the call of Ali Menteng was the landlord of Menteng , Central Jakarta .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Shahabs parents sent their eight children to school in Catholic schools , which at that time was considered more advanced than other public schools . Shahab then went to Santa Melania Elementary School , Sawah Besar , Central Jakarta ; Santa Maria Junior High School , Central Jakarta ; and Santa Ursula High School , Lapangan Banteng , Central Jakarta . After graduating high school , she intends to continue her studies at the Faculty of Law , University of Indonesia . But that desire she undo after her cousin , Fuad Hassan suggested that Shahab take a major in",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "anthropology . The reason was because at that time students in anthropology majors are still few , only five to seven people only , so the chance to stand out will be greater .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Shahab graduated with a bachelors degree from the Faculty of Arts , University of Indonesia in 1975 with a thesis entitled Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( The Problem of Integration of Arab Minorities in Jakarta ) . Then , the Master of Arts degree she took at the Australian National University in 1982 with a thesis entitled The Position of Betawi Women . While , her Ph.D degree she got at SOAS , University of London in 1994 with a dissertation entitled Creation of Ethnic Tradition Betawi of Jakarta .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Yasmine Zaki Shahab was married to Saleh Umar and has two children , Mariam Katlea ( born 1978 ) and Husein Haikel ( born 1983 ) .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Yasmine Zaki Shahab is an anthropology lecturer at the University of Indonesia . From 1998 to 2001 , Shahab taught the course of Introduction to Anthropology . In the same period she also taught subjects of Population Anthropology , Tourism Anthropology , then Theory of Anthropology I and II . In addition to teaching at the Undergraduate Program of Anthropology Department , she also taught at the University of Indonesia extension program , which she teach was Introduction to Anthropology .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the postgraduate program , she also taught the Population Anthropology course from 1998 to 2000 . In addition , she also taught at the University of Indonesia Tourism Diploma Program .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta ( 1975 ) - The Position of Betawi Women : Native People in Jakarta ( 1982 ) - The Creation of Ethnic Tradition : the Betawi of Jakarta ( 1994 )",
"title": "Thesis and dissertation"
},
{
"text": " - Alih Fungsi Seni dalam Masyarakat Kompleks : Kasus Liang-Liong dan Barongsai ( 2000 ) - Rekacipta Tradisi Betawi : Sisi Otoritas dalam Proses Nasionalisasi Tradisi Lokal ( 2001 ) - Seni sebagai Ekspresi Eksistensi Tantangan Kebijakan Multikulturalisme ( 2004 ) - Sistim Kekerabatan sebagai Katalisator Peran Ulama Keturunan Arab di Jakarta ( 2005 )",
"title": "Journal"
},
{
"text": " - Betawi dalam Perspektif Kontemporer : Perkembangan , Potensi , dan Tantangannya ( 1997 ) , published by Lembaga Kebudayaan Betawi - Busana Betawi : Sejarah & Prospek Pengembangannya ( 2000 ) , published by Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta - Pemahaman Pluralisme Budaya Melalui Seni Pertunjukan ( 2002 ) , published by Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Identitas dan Otoritas : Rekonstruksi Tradisi Betawi ( 2004 ) , published by , University of Indonesia",
"title": "Book"
},
{
"text": " As a form of appreciation from the Provincial Government of Jakarta to Yasmine Zaki Shahab for his attention to Betawi culture , in 2013 she was selected as the recipient of the awards of humanist category at the 2013 Cultural Award .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Li_Yuanchao#P39#0
|
What was the position of Li Yuanchao before Jul 2010?
|
Li Yuanchao Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China . Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career . Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai , where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour . In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the Communist Youth League organization of the university . In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in law from the Central Party School in 1998 . In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University . Jiangsu . In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees . At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee . Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic . Politburo . Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform . During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 . Vice President . In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 . In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan . Publication . Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .
|
[
"head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China",
"member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China"
] |
[
{
"text": "Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai ,",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Communist Youth League organization of the university .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "law from the Central Party School in 1998 .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": " Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": " During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 .",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": "In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": "body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .",
"title": "Publication"
}
] |
/wiki/Li_Yuanchao#P39#1
|
What was the position of Li Yuanchao between Dec 2012 and Jan 2013?
|
Li Yuanchao Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China . Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career . Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai , where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour . In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the Communist Youth League organization of the university . In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in law from the Central Party School in 1998 . In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University . Jiangsu . In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees . At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee . Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic . Politburo . Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform . During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 . Vice President . In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 . In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan . Publication . Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai ,",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Communist Youth League organization of the university .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "law from the Central Party School in 1998 .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": " Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": " During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 .",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": "In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": "body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .",
"title": "Publication"
}
] |
/wiki/Li_Yuanchao#P39#2
|
What was the position of Li Yuanchao in Oct 2014?
|
Li Yuanchao Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China . Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career . Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai , where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour . In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the Communist Youth League organization of the university . In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in law from the Central Party School in 1998 . In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University . Jiangsu . In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees . At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee . Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic . Politburo . Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform . During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 . Vice President . In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 . In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan . Publication . Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .
|
[
"Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China",
"member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China"
] |
[
{
"text": "Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai ,",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Communist Youth League organization of the university .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "law from the Central Party School in 1998 .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": " Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": " During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 .",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": "In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": "body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .",
"title": "Publication"
}
] |
/wiki/Li_Yuanchao#P39#3
|
What was the position of Li Yuanchao in Oct 2017?
|
Li Yuanchao Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China . Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career . Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai , where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour . In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the Communist Youth League organization of the university . In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in law from the Central Party School in 1998 . In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University . Jiangsu . In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees . At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee . Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic . Politburo . Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform . During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 . Vice President . In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 . In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan . Publication . Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Li Yuanchao ( born 20 November 1950 ) is a retired Chinese politician . He was the Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China from 2013 to 2018 and the Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China . He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012 . From 2002 to 2007 , Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu , the top leader of an area of significant economic development . Between 2007 and 2017 , he held",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "a seat for two terms on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " Li Yuanchao played an important role in the reform and opening up under Chinese leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun . He studied mathematics at university , and in 1983 , Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian recommended Li Yuanchao to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization . Once considered a rising political star , Li gradually faded from the political scene . Early life and career .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Li was born in 1950 in Lianshui County , Huaian city , Jiangsu province , to Li Gancheng ( ) , a Communist Party official and later vice mayor of Shanghai , and Lü Jiying ( ) , a Communist revolutionary from Shuyang County in northern Jiangsu province . He was the fourth son among their seven children and was named Yuanchao ( ) after the campaign to aid North Korea . Later in life , he would change the characters of this name to 源潮 while maintaining the pronunciation Yuanchao . Li attended Shanghai High School in Shanghai ,",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "where he graduated in 1966 , shortly prior to the Cultural Revolution . During the Cultural Revolution , he worked in Dafeng County , Jiangsu , performing manual labour .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1973 , Li was recommended to enter East China Normal University to study mathematics . He then worked as a teacher at the Nanchang Secondary School in Shanghai , then an instructor at the industry vocational college of Luwan District in Shanghai . After the resumption of the National College Entrance Examination Li was admitted to pursue a masters degree from Fudan University in mathematics . He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1978 . In 1981 , after graduating , he stayed at Fudan to teach as a lecturer and held a leadership position in the",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "Communist Youth League organization of the university .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , Li was promoted on recommendation from then Shanghai party chief Chen Pixian to head the Shanghai Communist Youth League organization at age 32 . Shortly thereafter he became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Youth League , in charge of propaganda and ideology . He served in the post until 1991 . During his time at the Youth League , Li obtained through part-time study a masters degree in economic management from Peking University under the supervision of economist Li Yining , and a doctoral degree ( also on a part-time basis ) in",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": "law from the Central Party School in 1998 .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In March 2019 , Agence France-Presse reported that 20 paragraphs of his doctoral dissertation Some Issues Concerning the Production of Socialist Culture and Art had been plagiarised from a thesis written by Zhang Mingeng . In 1993 , Li was named deputy head of the State Council Information Office . In 1996 , he became Vice Minister of Culture . In 2001 , he pursued mid-career training at the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University .",
"title": "Li Yuanchao"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , Li was elevated to Deputy Party Secretary of Jiangsu province and concurrently party chief of the provincial capital Nanjing . In October 2001 , a mere month after he took office , Li garnered attention by firing several municipal officials accused of sexually harassing female hotel employees .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002 , Li failed to secure a seat to the Central Committee and was elected only an alternate member . However , at the time of the election , Li had already been agreed upon by senior party leaders to serve in the top post in Jiangsu , causing an awkward and rare situation where Li would serve as a party chief of a major province without holding a full seat on the Central Committee .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": " Li served as the Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary for Jiangsu between 2002 and 2007 . During his tenure in Jiangsu , Li assessed local officials in terms of performance measured by social and environmental factors , as opposed to purely economic ones . In response to the corruption case of Xu Guojian , the head of the provincial Organization Department , Li said , Jiangsu is beginning the biggest anti-corruption drive since the founding of the Peoples Republic .",
"title": "Jiangsu"
},
{
"text": "Seen as an ally of General Secretary Hu Jintao and a member of the tuanpai due to his Communist Youth League background , Li became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China after the 17th Party Congress in October 2007 . After the 18th Party Congress , Li Yuanchao was no longer the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 19 November 2012 , his successor is Zhao Leji . Li was said to favour political reform",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": " During the 2012 National Congress , Li was considered a contender for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee but was blocked by former general secretary Jiang Zemin , in what was seen as a major defeat for Hu Jintao . However , he continued to serve on the 25-member Politburo , for which he was first selected in 2007 .",
"title": "Politburo"
},
{
"text": "In March 2013 , Li was elected to be the Vice President . The post of Vice-President had been held since 1998 by the top-ranked Secretary of the partys Secretariat ; Lis selection as Vice President broke this fifteen-year convention ; this meant Li was also the first Vice-President without a seat on the Politburo Standing Committee since 1998 . Since taking on the office , which is largely ceremonial in nature , Li played a major role in foreign affairs . He served as the deputy leader of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group , the main foreign affairs coordination",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": "body of the Communist Party , and the deputy leader of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs . Li was the most senior Chinese official to attend the state memorial of South African leader Nelson Mandela and the state funeral of Singapores founding leader Lee Kuan Yew . Li left the Politburo after the 19th Party Congress in October 2017 .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Li retired from office and was succeeded by Vice President Wang Qishan .",
"title": "Vice President"
},
{
"text": " Book : The Strategic Choice for Chinas Prosperity ( English Version ) , Published in Dec . 2018 , South Ocean Publishing House , Singapore . Specially for congratulation to Chinas 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up . Li Yuanchao is one of the 4 authors . The others include Li Yining , Meng Xiaosu , Li Keqiang . Translated from Chinese by Shi Guangjun and Jiang Hongxing .",
"title": "Publication"
}
] |
/wiki/Ian_Taylor_(British_politician)#P39#0
|
Ian Taylor (British politician) took which position before Apr 1988?
|
Ian Taylor ( British politician ) Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 . Early life . He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists . Political career . Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson . In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career . He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis . Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency . He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 . In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War . He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group . He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 . From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference . After Parliament . Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton . Personal life . Taylor married Carole Alport in 1974 , and they have two sons . External links . - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]
|
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher",
"Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 .",
"title": "Ian Taylor ( British politician )"
},
{
"text": "He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton .",
"title": "After Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ian_Taylor_(British_politician)#P39#1
|
Ian Taylor (British politician) took which position in Sep 1995?
|
Ian Taylor ( British politician ) Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 . Early life . He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists . Political career . Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson . In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career . He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis . Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency . He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 . In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War . He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group . He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 . From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference . After Parliament . Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton . Personal life . Taylor married Carole Alport in 1974 , and they have two sons . External links . - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]
|
[
"Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 .",
"title": "Ian Taylor ( British politician )"
},
{
"text": "He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton .",
"title": "After Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ian_Taylor_(British_politician)#P39#2
|
Ian Taylor (British politician) took which position in Oct 2000?
|
Ian Taylor ( British politician ) Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 . Early life . He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists . Political career . Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson . In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career . He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis . Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency . He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 . In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War . He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group . He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 . From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference . After Parliament . Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton . Personal life . Taylor married Carole Alport in 1974 , and they have two sons . External links . - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 .",
"title": "Ian Taylor ( British politician )"
},
{
"text": "He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton .",
"title": "After Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ian_Taylor_(British_politician)#P39#3
|
Ian Taylor (British politician) took which position between Oct 2002 and Dec 2004?
|
Ian Taylor ( British politician ) Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 . Early life . He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists . Political career . Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson . In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career . He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis . Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency . He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 . In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War . He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group . He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 . From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference . After Parliament . Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton . Personal life . Taylor married Carole Alport in 1974 , and they have two sons . External links . - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 .",
"title": "Ian Taylor ( British politician )"
},
{
"text": "He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton .",
"title": "After Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ian_Taylor_(British_politician)#P39#4
|
Ian Taylor (British politician) took which position between Jun 2005 and Apr 2009?
|
Ian Taylor ( British politician ) Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 . Early life . He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists . Political career . Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson . In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career . He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis . Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency . He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 . In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War . He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group . He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 . From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference . After Parliament . Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton . Personal life . Taylor married Carole Alport in 1974 , and they have two sons . External links . - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ian Colin Taylor MBE ( born 18 April 1945 ) is a British former Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Esher from 1987 to 1997 , and then for Esher and Walton from 1997 to 2010 .",
"title": "Ian Taylor ( British politician )"
},
{
"text": "He went to Whitley Abbey School , Abbey Road , Coventry . He studied at Keele University , receiving a BA ( Hons ) in Economics , Politics and Modern History in 1967 . He then did research at the London School of Economics . In 1969 , he joined Hill Samuel & Co . In 1971 , he became the manager of the European Department at Stirling & Co . From 1975 to 1978 , he lived in Paris . He worked as a Director for Mathercourt Securities Ltd from 1980 to 1991 . He is an Associate of",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "the UK Society of Investment Professionals and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Before being elected for Esher in 1987 , Taylor had fought Coventry South East in February 1974 , being beaten by Labours Bill Wilson .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the period in which he served Esher , the make-up of the seat was classified by economists as a natural home for Taylors party , and by historians as a safe seat , including its main successor , which he served from 1997 to 2010 . Esher is part of the London Commuter Belt , and has seen strong Conservative majorities since the 1930s ; Taylor won five elections before deciding to stand down at the 2010 general election to resume a business career .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was during his first two terms appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) at the Foreign Office , Department of Health and Cabinet Office . He served as Minister for Science and Technology for most of the Second Major ministry : from 1994 to 1997 . He became a Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland in 1997 , tracking the peace process . He supported bids for leadership and main policies of Kenneth Clarke except in the 2005 Conservative leadership contest he backed David Davis .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Taylor was the Chairman of the European Movement ( 2000–2005 ) and a member of the Britain in Europe Council until 2005 . He chaired the Conservative Group for Europe 2007–11 . His views became increasingly challenged by the Conservative Party . In December 2000 he comfortably overcame an attempted de-selection campaign by eurosceptics in his constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He specialised in science and technology issues . He was Minister for Science , Technology & Space at the DTI during 1994–1997 in a Conservative Government . During this time he dealt with a wide variety of issues , including providing support for the next phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , increasing awareness of the importance of access to the early internet revolution and coordinating Government support for the Roslin Institute which led to the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep and the creation of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission in February 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs who voted against the Iraq War .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He was Chairman of the Conservative Policy Task-force on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics 2005–2009 . He chaired the all-Party Parliamentary and Scientific Committee ( the oldest all-party committee ) , which includes the Parliamentary Engineering Group . He was also an officer of several all-party Parliamentary committees , including the Office of Science & Technology , the Information Society Alliance ( EURIM ) , PITCOM ( Information Technology Committee ) and the Corporate Social Responsibility Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He was a member of the Commission on National Security 2007–09 . He was a Visiting Parliamentary Fellow at St . Antonys College Oxford in the Hilary Term 2007 , lecturing on energy security . He chaired the European Movement 2000–05 and the Conservative Europe Group 2007-11 and also in 1985–88 . He also chaired the Cuba Initiative 2006–2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1997 until 2010 , he was a non-executive director of or adviser to various companies , according to the Register of Members Interests . In 2008 , Taylor gained the ( Sir ) Arthur C . Clarke Award for Individual Achievement in Promoting Space and Science . He was co-chair of the Parliamentary Space Committee and in 2009 he chaired the European Inter-Parliamentary Space Conference .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Taylor has become chairman of two companies , on the board or advisory board of others . He was on the Governments Science & Technology Facilities Council 2011–2018 , on an ESA ( European Space Agency ) Advisory Board , chaired the National Space Academy steering group until 2018 and is Chair of The League of Remembrance . During the 2019 general election campaign , he declared that he had become an Independent Conservative and explained in an open letter why on balance he supported the Liberal Democrat candate in Esher & Walton .",
"title": "After Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - Ian Taylor MBE MP official site . Now see www.ian-taylor.eu - ePolitix.com - Ian Taylor MP - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Ian Taylor MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Ian Taylor MP - The Public Whip - Ian Taylor MP voting record ] - BBC News - Ian Taylor MP profile 15 February 2005 ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Charles_Asampong_Taylor#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Charles Asampong Taylor belong to before Dec 1998?
|
Charles Asampong Taylor Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles . Football career . Early life . His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club . Personal life On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak . Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule . Asante Kotoko . He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 . International career . He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo . Honours - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars Individual ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year . Clubs . - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .
|
[
"Great Olympics"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": "ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles .",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": " His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": "Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 .",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": " He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year .",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .",
"title": "Clubs"
}
] |
/wiki/Charles_Asampong_Taylor#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Charles Asampong Taylor belong to between Jun 1999 and Jul 1999?
|
Charles Asampong Taylor Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles . Football career . Early life . His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club . Personal life On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak . Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule . Asante Kotoko . He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 . International career . He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo . Honours - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars Individual ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year . Clubs . - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .
|
[
"the Black Stars"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": "ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles .",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": " His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": "Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 .",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": " He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year .",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .",
"title": "Clubs"
}
] |
/wiki/Charles_Asampong_Taylor#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Charles Asampong Taylor belong to in Mar 2001?
|
Charles Asampong Taylor Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles . Football career . Early life . His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club . Personal life On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak . Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule . Asante Kotoko . He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 . International career . He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo . Honours - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars Individual ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year . Clubs . - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .
|
[
"Hearts of Oak"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": "ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles .",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": " His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": "Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 .",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": " He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year .",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .",
"title": "Clubs"
}
] |
/wiki/Charles_Asampong_Taylor#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Charles Asampong Taylor belong to between Aug 2003 and Dec 2003?
|
Charles Asampong Taylor Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles . Football career . Early life . His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club . Personal life On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak . Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule . Asante Kotoko . He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 . International career . He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo . Honours - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars Individual ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year . Clubs . - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .
|
[
"Asante Kotoko"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kweku Charles Bismark Taylor Asampong ( born 14 July 1981 in Sefwi , Western Region ) is a Ghanaian football striker who currently plays for Berekum Chelsea . He had his greatest playing days and is one of the few players to play for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . and Asante Kotoko . As a kid , he was often called tailor , after his uncle who was a tailor as he used to help his uncle with work , hence , he adopted the name Charles Taylor after the former Liberian president . Nicknamed Terror due to his",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": "ability to terrorise opponents . Hes arguably one of the greatest players to ever play the Ghana premier league and a key member of the famous 64 Battalion squad of Accra Hearts of Oak S.C . that won the African Champions League in 2000 and consecutive Ghanaian league titles .",
"title": "Charles Asampong Taylor"
},
{
"text": " His playing career started off at Great Olympics , where he used to polish the shoes of their management , he had a bet with the then chairman Ade Coker that he could play better than the team players , he was asked to play and showed excellent dribbling skills , he later signed for the club .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " On 31 August 2015 , reports suggest that he has been ordained as a priest . Accra Hearts of Oak .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Asamponk transferred to Accra Hearts of Oak in 2000 where he helped them win the Ghana premier national league in 2000 , 2001 and 2002 seasons . Then coached by Sir Cecil Jones Attuquayefio and Offei-Ansah , Taylor formed a fantastic partnership with Ishmael Addo and Emmanuel Osei Kuffour affectionately called the deadly trio . In addition to the national premier league in 2000 , Hearts of oak won the FA cup and the African champions league for the first time . In February 2001 , they won the African Super Cup Championship where he scored the first goal against",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Al-Zamalek of Egypt at the Kumasi Sports Stadium . Charles Taylor alongside Charles Allotey , Amankwah Mireku , Joseph Ansah , Jacob Nettey , Stephen Tetteh , Ishmael Addo , Emmanuel Osei Kuffour , Sammy Adjei , Edmund Copson , and Emmanuel Adjogu were deemed as the best squad ever to be assembled by Accra Hearts of oak and also famously called 64 Battalion a name after the most feared unit of the Ghana Army during Jerry Rawlings rule .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "He controversially transferred from Accra Hearts of Oak to archrivals Asante Kotoko in 2003 for the then domestic transfer record fee of GH₵ 40,000 ( roughly US$42,000 ) . Charles Taylor essentially boycotted training with Hearts of oak and did not play any games way into the season just to force the move . His first season with Kotoko was a success and he won the Ghana Premier league with Kotoko in 2003 . However , this transfer caused a lot of bitter local sentiment towards Taylor , from which his popularity has never recovered.. . Taylor joined Etoile du",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": "Sahel from Kotoko in 2004 for a fee of US$250,000 After an unsuccessful spell in Tunisia he was loaned to Accra Hearts of Oak in October 2006 .",
"title": "Asante Kotoko"
},
{
"text": " He was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team that exited in the first round , having finished in third place in group B . He was a silver medalist with Ghana U-20 team at 2001 Africa youth championship in Ethiopia . He currently has forty one caps for the Ghana national football team , the Black Stars , scoring nineteen goals . Taylor represented the Black Stars at 2009 African Championship of Nations in Côte dIvoire , where they finished second , beaten by the famous Congo .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - 2000 : African Champions League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : African Super Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana FA Cup with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2000 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2001 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2002 : Ghana Premier League with Accra Hearts of Oak - 2009 : African Nations Championship runners-up with Blackstars",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " ▪ 2002 : Ghana premier league Top Scorer ( shared with Bernard Dong Bortey ) ▪ 2002 : SWAG Sports Personality of the year award . ▪ 2001 : GFA player of the year .",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - 2000–2003 Hearts of Oak - 2003–2005 Asante Kotoko - 2005–2008 Étoile du Sahel - 2008–2009 Hearts of Oak - 2010–2011 Enugu Rangers - 2011 – ( current ) Berekum Chelsea F.C .",
"title": "Clubs"
}
] |
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