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and the telephone the telephone if your mother calls on the miserable telephone she calls and says hello you not only know who it is you know what mood she's in you have a fantastic ear everybody has a fantastic ear so nobody is tone deaf but i tell you what it doesn't work for me to go on with this thing with such a wide gulf between those who understand love and are passionate about classical music and those who have no relationship to it at all the tone deaf people they're no longer here
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thinking about every single note along the way and start thinking about the long long line from b to e you know we were just in south africa and you can't go to south africa without thinking of mandela in jail for years what was he thinking about lunch no he was thinking about the vision for south africa and for human beings this is about vision
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we're all about to end this magical on week we're going back into the world and i say it's appropriate for us to ask the question who are we being as we go back out into the world and you know i have a definition of success for me it's very simple it's not about wealth and fame and power it's about how many shining eyes i have around me
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and she told me this she said we were in the train going to auschwitz and i looked down and saw my brother's shoes were missing i said are you so stupid can't you keep your things together for the way an elder sister might speak to a younger brother unfortunately it was the last thing she ever said to him because she never saw him again he did not survive and so when she came out of auschwitz she made a vow she told me this she said i walked out of auschwitz into life and i made a vow and the vow was i will never say anything that couldn't stand as the last thing i ever say now can we do that no
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so what does the learning zone look like take a political leader and the greatest orator and lawyer in ancient greece to become great he didn't spend all his time just being an orator or a lawyer which would be his performance zone but instead he did activities designed for improvement of course he studied a lot he studied law and philosophy with guidance from mentors but he also realized that being a lawyer involved persuading other people so he also studied great speeches and acting to get rid of an odd habit he had of involuntarily lifting his shoulder he practiced his speeches in front of a mirror and he suspended a sword from the ceiling so that if he raised his shoulder it would hurt
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but the people who continue to spend time in the learning zone do continue to always improve the best salespeople at least once a week do activities with the goal of improvement they read to extend their knowledge consult with colleagues or domain experts try out new strategies solicit feedback and reflect the best chess players spend a lot of time not playing games of chess which would be their performance zone but trying to predict the moves grand masters made and analyzing them each of us has probably spent many many many hours typing on a computer without getting faster but if we spent to minutes each day fully concentrating on typing to percent faster than our current reliable speed we would get faster especially if we also identified what mistakes we're making and practiced typing those words that's deliberate practice in what other parts of our lives perhaps that we care more about are we working hard but not improving much because we're always in the performance zone now this is not to say that the performance zone has no value it very much does when i needed a knee surgery i didn't tell the surgeon poke around in there and focus on what you don't know
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trying to do our best at whatever we do whether it's our job family school or anything else i feel that way i try my best but some time ago i came to a realization that i wasn't getting much better at the things i cared most about whether it was being a husband or a friend or a professional or teammate and i wasn't improving much at those things even though i was spending a lot of time working hard at them i've since realized from conversations i've had and from research that this stagnation despite hard work turns out to be pretty common so i'd like to share with you some insights into why that is and what we can all do about it
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so i'd like to share with you some insights into why that is and what we can all do about it what i've learned is that the most effective people and teams in any domain do something we can all emulate they go through life deliberately alternating between two zones the learning zone and the performance zone the learning zone is when our goal is to improve then we do activities designed for improvement concentrating on what we haven't mastered yet which means we have to expect to make mistakes knowing that we will learn from them that is very different from what we do when we're in our performance zone which is when our goal is to do something as best as we can to execute then we concentrate on what we have already mastered and we try to minimize mistakes both of these zones should be part of our lives but being clear about when we want to be in each of them with what goal focus and expectations helps us better perform and better improve
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now notice that the leader embraces him as an equal now it's not about the leader anymore it's about them plural now there he is calling to his friends now if you notice that the first follower is actually an underestimated form of leadership in itself it takes guts to stand out like that the first follower is what transforms a lone nut into a leader
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but we might have missed the real lesson here the biggest lesson if you noticed did you catch it is that leadership is over glorified yes it was the guy who was first and he'll get all the credit but it was really the first follower that transformed the lone nut into a leader so as we're told that we should all be leaders that would be really ineffective if you really care about starting a movement have the courage to follow and show others how to follow
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as a way when you learn juggling what you learn is how to feel with your eyes and see with your hands because you're not looking at your hands you're looking at where the balls are or you're looking at the audience so this next part is really a way of understanding space and rhythm with the obvious reference to the feet but it's also time where the feet were where the balls were thanks so visual music rhythm and complexity i'm going to build towards complexity now juggling three balls is simple and normal
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now let's actually learn something actually let me put you in that area of learning which is very insecure you want to do it yeah ok hands out in front of you palms up together what you're going to learn is this
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index finger middle finger ring little little ring middle index and then open finger finger finger finger finger finger finger finger
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all right a lot of different learning processes going on in here
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now i assume a lot of you spend a lot of time at a computer ok so what you're doing is you're going la la la and you're getting this ok so that's exactly what i'm going to ask you to do but in a slightly different way you're going to combine it so what i want you to do is fingers i'll tell you what to do with your fingers same thing but i want you to do is also with your eyes is follow the colored ball that i ask you to follow
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the only other thing is it was a real shock i always drove motorcycles and when i bought my first car it shocked me that it cost three times more than my parents' house interesting anyway balance constant movement to find an approach to stillness cheating
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making up the rules so you can't cheat so you learn to approach stillness with different parts of your body to have a conversation with it to speak to listen
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now it's dependent on rhythm and keeping a center of balance when it falls going underneath so there's a rhythm to it the rhythm can get much smaller as your skill increases you learn to find those tinier spaces those tinier movements thanks now i'm going to show you the beginnings of a piece that is about balance in some ways and also oh actually if you're bored not here here's one use for it
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i started juggling a long time ago but long before that i was a golfer and that's what i was a golfer and as a golfer and as a kid one of the things that really sort of seeped into my pores that i sort of lived my whole life is process and it's the process of learning things one of the great things was that my father was an avid golfer but he was lefty and he had a real passion for golf and he also created this whole mythology about ben hogan and various things well i learned a lot about interesting things that i knew nothing about at the time but grew to know stuff about
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i do a big piece in a triangle and these are three sections from it part of the challenge was to try to understand rhythm and space using not just my hands because a lot of juggling is hand oriented but using the rhythm of my body and feet and controlling the balls with my feet
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and so what i'd like to do is try to figure out how to join with the space through the technique so juggling gravity up down
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ok if you keep them in their assigned paths you get parallel lines of different heights but then hopefully even rhythm and you can change the rhythm good michael you can change the rhythm if you get out of the lights ok change the rhythm so it's even or you can go back and change the height now skill but you're boxed in if you can only do it up and down that way so you've got to go after the space down there ok then you've got to combine them because then you have the whole spatial palette in front of you
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now i'm actually going to ask you to try something so you've got to pay attention complexity if you spend enough time doing something time slows down or your skill increases so your perceptions change it's learning skills like being in a high speed car crash things slow down as you learn as you learn as you learn you may not be able to affect it it almost drifts on you it goes
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ok so white ball and finger finger finger finger finger finger finger finger pink finger finger finger finger finger finger finger finger green finger finger finger finger yellow finger finger finger pink or finger pink finger finger finger finger finger finger finger all right
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a moment no we'll try that again it separates and comes back together time how can you look at time and what do you dedicate it to in exploring a particular thing well obviously there's something in here and you can all have a guess as to what it is there's a mystery there's a mystery in the moment and it has to settle
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but working with one ball now what if you attach something to it or change it this is a little thing that i made because i really like the idea of curves and balls together and then creating space and the rhythm of space using the surface of the balls the surface of the arms just a little toy which leads me to the next thing which is what have i got here ok
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i love ceramics and all of that it's a combination of that the beauty of that the shape and the stories that were involved in it as well as the fact that they protected the contents
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is something really i don't know what it is yet and that's good i like not to know for as long as possible well because then it tells me the truth instead of me imposing the truth and what it is is working with both positive and negative space but also with these curves and what it involves and i don't know if my hands are too beaten up to do it or not but i'll do a little bit of it it initially started off with me stacking these things bunches of them and then playing with the sense of space of filling in the space and then it started changing and become folding on themselves and then changing levels
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and she said oh so is that true for humans too and i thought okay here we go i didn't know it would happen so quick at eight i was trying to remember all the guidebooks and all i could remember was only answer the question they're asking don't give any more information
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men through their penis they fertilize the eggs by the sperm coming out and you go through the woman's vagina and so we're just eating and her jaw just drops and she goes mom like where you go to the bathroom and i said i know i know
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it does seem odd it is a little bit like having a waste treatment plant right next to an amusement park
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that's exactly how it happens so we're driving home and she's looking out the window and she goes mom what if two just people saw each other on the street like a man and a woman they just started doing it would that ever happen and i said oh no humans are so private
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tapestries were portable you could roll them up send them ahead of you and in the time it took to hang them up you could transform a cold dank interior into a richly colored setting tapestries effectively provided a vast canvas on which the patrons of the day could depict the heroes with whom they wanted to be associated or even themselves and in addition to that tapestries were hugely expensive they required scores of highly skilled weavers working over extended periods of time with very expensive materials the wools the silks even gold and silver thread so all in all in an age when the visual image of any kind was rare tapestries were an incredibly potent form of propaganda well i became a tapestry historian in due course i ended up as a curator at the metropolitan museum because i saw the met as one of the few places where i could organize really big exhibitions about the subject i cared so passionately about and in about the then director philippe de montebello gave me the go ahead to organize an exhibition for we normally have these very long lead in times
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i'd just come back from living in spain for a while and i'd joined this fortune company i thought this is fantastic i'm going to have big impact on the world i had all these ideas and within about two months i noticed at about every morning i had this strange urge to want to slam my head through the monitor of my computer i don't know if anyone's ever felt that and i noticed pretty soon after that that all the competitors in our space had already automated my job role and this is right about when i got this sage advice to build up my resume well as i'm trying to figure out what two story window i'm going to jump out of and change things up i read some altogether different advice from warren buffett and he said taking jobs to build up your resume is the same as saving up sex for old age
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and he says scott hey man what's the worst that could happen you're wearing a wetsuit you're not going to sink and if you can't make it just hop on one of the kayaks plus if there's a shark attack why are they going to pick you over the people in the water so thanks that helps he's like but really just have fun with this good luck and he dives in swims off ok turns out the pep talk totally worked and i felt this total feeling of calm and i think it was because jonathan was years old
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i always wondered what this would feel like so eight years ago i got the worst career advice of my life i had a friend tell me don't worry about how much you like the work you're doing now it's all about just building your resume and i'd just come back from living in spain for a while and i'd joined this fortune company
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that prevents this intimacy which is supposed to connect the house the audience with the performers we add one little detail one piece of architectural excess a special effect lighting we very strongly believe that the theatrics of a concert hall is as much in the space of intermission and the space of arrival as it is when the concert starts so what we wanted to do was produce this effect this lighting effect which made us have to bioengineer the wood walls and what it entails is the use of resin of this very thick resin with a veneer of the same kind of wood that's used throughout the hall in a kind of seamless continuity that wraps the hall in light like a belt of light rather than separating like a would separate the audience from performers it connects audience with players and this is a that is in salt lake city that gives you a sense of what this is going to look like in full scale and this is a guy from salt lake city this is what they look like out there
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aside from keeping the rain out and producing some usable space architecture is nothing but a special effects machine that delights and disturbs the senses our work is across media the work comes in all shapes and sizes it's small and large this is an ashtray a water glass from urban planning and master planning to theater and all sorts of stuff
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the next thing is most of you if you have a stable home life and what i mean is that you don't travel all the time and always in hotels but most people have what we call a center of gravity and a center of gravity is where you keep these objects and these things don't stay in the center of gravity but over time they gravitate there it's where you expect to find stuff and in fact when you're turning around and you're looking inside the house and you're looking for this stuff this is where you look first right ok so when we did this research we found the absolutely percent guaranteed way to never forget anything ever ever again and that is quite simply to have nothing to remember
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it's out there it's not in the lab and it's increasingly in places like india china brazil africa we live on a planet billion people about three billion people by the end of this year will have cellular connectivity and it'll take about another two years to connect the next billion after that and i mention this because if we want to design for that future we need to figure out what those people are about and that's kind of where i see what my job is and what our team's job is our research often starts with a very simple question
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so today i'd like to share some works in progress since we are still realizing these works we are largely working within the realm of intuition and mystery still so i'm going to try and describe some of the experiences that we're looking for through each of the works so the first work is called the imperial a viewer sort of walks into the room and catches a glimpse of these panels in a messy composition on the wall within seconds as if the panels have noticed the presence of the viewer they appear to panic and sort of get into a strict symmetry
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and we were interested in seeing how little change it takes to move from one state to the other state this also reminded us of two very different pictorial traditions one is the altar tablets of the century and the other is about years ago abstract compositions so i'm just going to take you to a video to give you a sense of scale the largest panel is about two meters high that's about this much and the smallest one is an so a viewer enters the space and they snap to attention and after a while if the viewer continues to remain in the space the panels will sort of become immune to the presence of the viewer and become lax and autonomous again until they sort of sense a presence in the room or a movement when they will again snap to attention
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the next work is decoy this is a cardboard model so the object is about as tall as i am it has a rounded body two arms and a very tall head like antenna and its sole purpose is to attract attention towards itself so when a viewer passes by it sort of tilts from side to side and moves its arms more and more frantically as the person gets closer so here is the first test scenario you see the two movements integrated and the object seems to be employing its entire being in this expression of desperation but the idea is that once it's got the person's attention it's no longer interested and it looks for the next person whose attention to get
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so in contrast to this very tight grid we wanted to give these figures a very comical and slapstick like quality as if a puppeteer has taken them and physically animated them down the path so we like the idea of these figures sort of skipping along like they're oblivious and carefree and happy and content until they sort of sense a movement from the viewer and they will hide behind the fastest wall so to us this work also presents its own contradiction these figures are sort of entrapped within this very strong grid which is like a prison but also a fortress because it allows them to be oblivious and naive and carefree and quite oblivious of the external world so all these real life qualities that i talk about are sort of translated to a very specific technical configuration and we were very lucky to collaborate with zurich to develop the first prototype so you see they extracted the motion from our animations and created a wiggle that integrated the head bobbing movement and the back movement so it's really quite small you can see it can fit into the palm of my hand so imagine our excitement when we saw it really working in the studio and here it is
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one is total chaos the other is absolute order and we were interested in seeing how little change it takes to move from one state to the other state this also reminded us of two very different pictorial traditions one is the altar tablets of the century and the other is about years ago abstract compositions so i'm just going to take you to a video
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so this brings me to a quieter small work called handheld the viewer sees a piece of paper that's mounted on the far end of the wall but when you go closer you see that it's a blank or a letter sized piece of paper that's held on either side by two small hands that appear to be carved with a great deal of attention and care from a small block of wood the viewer also sees that this entire sculpture is sort of moving very slightly as if these two hands are trying to hold the paper very still for a long period of time and somehow are not managing to so this instability in the movement very closely resembles the unsteady nature of images seen through a handheld camera so here i'm going to show you two tandem clips one is through a still camera and the other is through a handheld camera
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so here i'm going to show you two tandem clips one is through a still camera and the other is through a handheld camera and you immediately see how the unsteady nature of the video suggests the presence of an observer and a subjective point of view so we've just removed the camera and transferred that movement onto the panel so here's a video you have to imagine the other hand it's not there yet but to us we're sort of trying to evoke a self effacing gesture as if there's a little person with outstretched arms behind this enormous piece of paper that sort of likens it to the amount of strain to be at the service of the observer and present this piece of paper very delicately to the viewer in front of them
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it appears to be mass manufactured like it came out of a factory like vacuum cleaners and washing machines because we are always working from a very personal space we like how this consumer aesthetic sort of the object and gives us a bit of distance in its appearance at least and so to us this is a kind of sinister being which is trying to distract you from the things that actually need your attention but it could also be a figure that needs a lot of help the next work is an object that's also a kind of sound instrument in the shape of an amphitheater that's scaled to the size of an audience as perceived from somebody from the stage so from where i'm standing each of you appears to be this big and the audience sort of takes the entire field of my vision
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so i'm going to give you an example of this and take you to a special time in earth's past about million years ago there was a really abrupt warming event and what happened was a whole bunch of carbon dioxide was released into earth's atmosphere and it caused a rapid and pretty extreme global warming event and when i say warm i mean pretty warm that there were things like crocodiles and palm trees as far north as canada and as far south as patagonia so this was a pretty warm time and it happened really abruptly so what we can do is we can go back and find rocks that were deposited at this time and reconstruct how the landscape changed in response to this warming event so here yay rocks
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it's powerful it's dynamic it's constantly changing it's a pretty exciting place to live but i want to share with you guys today my perspective as a geologist in how understanding earth's past can help inform and guide decisions that we make today about how to live on earth's surface
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sadly the frequent overuse of the word awesome has now replaced words like great and thank you so webster's dictionary defines the word awesome as fear mingled with admiration or reverence a feeling produced by something majestic now with that in mind was your sandwich awesome how about that parking space was that awesome or that game the other day was that awesome the answer is no no and no a sandwich can be delicious that parking space can be nearby and that game can be a blowout but not everything can be awesome
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so when you use the word awesome to describe the most mundane of things you're taking away the very power of the word this author says snowy days or finding money in your pants is awesome
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the grand canyon come on it's almost million years old is the grand canyon awesome yes the grand canyon is louis invented photography in and earlier today when you whipped out your and you took a shot of your awesome sandwich and you know who you are wasn't that easier than exposing the image to copper plates coated with silver i mean come on
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did you eat food today did you eat then you can thank the honeybee that's the one because if crops aren't pollinated we can't grow food and then we're all going to die it's just like that but it's not like a flower can just get up and have sex with another flower although that would be awesome
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imagine if you will having to everything on your back wouldn't this be easier for me if i could roll this home yes so i think i'll invent the wheel the wheel ladies and gentlemen is the wheel awesome say it with me yes the wheel is awesome the great pyramids were the tallest man made structure in the world for years pharaoh had his slaves move millions of blocks just to this site to erect a big freaking headstone
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fold ok wet hands shake one two three four five six seven eight nine why twelve apostles twelve tribes twelve zodiac signs twelve months the one i like the best it's the biggest number with one syllable
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shake fold cuts itself fold the fold is important because it allows suspension you don't have to remember that part but trust me
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now let's all say it together shake fold you will for the rest of your life remember those words every time you pick up a paper towel and remember one towel per person for one year pounds of paper no small thing and next year toilet paper
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seventy one million two hundred thirty thousand pounds of paper towels are used by americans every year if we could correction wrong figure billion used every year if we could reduce the usage of paper towels one paper towel per person per day pounds of paper not used we can do that now there are all kinds of paper towel dispensers there's the tri fold
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now there are all kinds of paper towel dispensers there's the tri fold people typically take two or three there's the one that cuts it that you have to tear off people go one two three four tear this much right there's the one that cuts itself people go one two three four or there's the same thing but recycled paper you have to get five of those because they're not as absorbent of course
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now there's now a real fancy invention it's the one where you wave your hand and it kicks it out it's way too big a towel let me tell you a secret if you're really quick if you're really quick and i can prove this this is half a towel from the dispenser in this building how as soon as it starts you just tear it off
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most fascinating poll i've seen in my life we asked people do you want this action and to have buildings painted like that and then the second question was do you want it to stop or do you want it to continue to the first question percent of people said yes we like it thirty seven said no we don't like it but to the second question half of them that didn't like it they wanted it to continue
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in my previous life i was an artist i still paint i love art i love the joy that color can give to our lives and to our communities and i try to bring something of the artist in me in my politics and i see part of my job today the reason for being here not just to campaign for my party but for politics and the role it can play for the better in our lives for years i was mayor of tirana our capital we faced many challenges
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and we published before knowing that because we figured it was so beautiful it's gotta be right the experiments had to be wrong and they were now our friend over there albert einstein used to pay very little attention when people said you know there's a man with an experiment that seems to disagree with special relativity miller what about that and he would say aw that'll go away
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they're really there newton certainly believed that and he said here it is the business of natural philosophy to find out those laws the basic law let's say here's an assumption the assumption is that the basic law really takes the form of a unified theory of all the particles now some people call that a theory of everything that's wrong because the theory is quantum mechanical and i won't go into a lot of stuff about quantum mechanics and what it's like and so on you've heard a lot of wrong things about it anyway
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maxwell's equations are of course symmetrical under rotations of all of space doesn't matter if we turn the whole of space around by some angle it doesn't leave the doesn't change the phenomenon of electricity or magnetism there's a new notation in the century that expressed this and if you use that notation the equations get a lot simpler then einstein with his special theory of relativity looked at a whole set of of maxwell's equations which are called special relativity and those then make the equations even shorter and even prettier therefore let's look you don't have to know what these things mean doesn't make any difference but you can just look at the form
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the last two the first equation says that electric charges and currents give rise to all the electric and magnetic fields the next second equation says that there is no magnetism other than that the only magnetism comes from electric charges and currents someday we may find some slight hole in that argument but for the moment that's the case now here is a very exciting development that many people have not heard of they should have heard of it but it's a little tricky to explain in technical detail so i won't do it i'll just mention it
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it's a property of gravitation it's not something in the human mind the human mind can of course appreciate it and enjoy it use it but it's not it doesn't stem from the human mind it stems from the character of gravity and that's true of all the things we're talking about they are properties of the fundamental law the fundamental law is such that the different skins of the onion resemble one another and therefore the math for one skin allows you to express beautifully and simply the phenomenon of the next skin i say here that newton did a lot of things that year gravity the laws of motion the calculus white light composed of all the colors of the rainbow and he could have written quite an essay on what i did over my summer vacation
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life can emerge from physics and chemistry plus a lot of accidents the human mind can arise from and a lot of accidents the way the chemical bond arises from physics and certain accidents it doesn't diminish the importance of these subjects to know that they follow from more fundamental things plus accidents that's a general rule and it's critically important to realize that you don't need something more in order to get something more people keep asking that when they read my book the quark and the jaguar and they say isn't there something more beyond what you have there presumably they mean something supernatural anyway there isn't
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but i'm going see what happens if i press this button sure enough ok
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i'm a theorist but i'm going see what happens if i press this button sure enough ok i used to work in this field of elementary particles what happens to matter if you chop it up very fine what is it made of and the laws of these particles are valid throughout the universe and they're very much connected with the history of the universe we know a lot about four forces there must be a lot more but those are at very very small distances and we haven't really interacted with them very much yet the main thing i want to talk about is this that we have this remarkable experience in this field of fundamental physics that beauty is a very successful criterion for choosing the right theory
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now yeah what do we mean by beautiful that's one thing i'll try to make that clear partially clear why should it work and is this something to do with human beings i'll let you in on the answer to the last one that i offer and that is it has nothing to do with human beings somewhere in some other planet orbiting some very distant star maybe in a another galaxy there could well be entities that are at least as intelligent as we are and are interested in science it's not impossible i think there probably are lots very likely none is close enough to interact with us but they could be out there very easily and suppose they have you know very different sensory apparatus and so on they have seven tentacles and they have little funny looking compound eyes and a brain shaped like a pretzel
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but they could be out there very easily and suppose they have you know very different sensory apparatus and so on they have seven tentacles and they have little funny looking compound eyes and a brain shaped like a pretzel would they really have different laws there are lots of people who believe that and i think it is utter baloney i think there are laws out there and we of course don't understand them at any given time very well but we try and we try to get closer and closer and someday we may actually figure out the fundamental unified theory of the particles and forces what i call the fundamental law we may not even be terribly far from it but even if we don't run across it in our lifetimes we can still think there is one out there and we're just trying to get closer and closer to it
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we may not even be terribly far from it but even if we don't run across it in our lifetimes we can still think there is one out there and we're just trying to get closer and closer to it i think that's the main point to be made we express these things mathematically and when the mathematics is very simple when in terms of some mathematical notation you can write the theory in a very brief space without a lot of complication that's essentially what we mean by beauty or elegance here's what i was saying about the laws they're really there newton certainly believed that and he said here it is the business of natural philosophy to find out those laws
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but other times they're not and you have only probabilities for different outcomes so what that means is that the history of the universe is not determined just by the fundamental law it's the fundamental law and this incredibly long series of accidents or chance outcomes that are there in addition
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and the fundamental theory doesn't include those chance outcomes they are in addition so it's not a theory of everything and in fact a huge amount of the information in the universe around us comes from those accidents and not just from the fundamental laws now it's often said that getting closer and closer to the fundamental laws by examining phenomena at low energies and then higher energies and then higher energies or short distances and then shorter distances and then still shorter distances and so on is like peeling the skin of an onion and we keep doing that and build more powerful machines for particles we look deeper and deeper into the structure of particles and in that way we get probably closer and closer to this fundamental law now what happens is that as we do that as we peel these skins of the onion and we get closer and closer to the underlying law we see that each skin has something in common with the previous one and with the next one
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so i want to start by offering you a free no tech life hack and all it requires of you is this that you change your posture for two minutes but before i give it away i want to ask you to right now do a little audit of your body and what you're doing with your body so how many of you are sort of making yourselves smaller maybe you're crossing your legs maybe wrapping your ankles sometimes we hold onto our arms like this sometimes we spread out
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we're going to come back to that in a few minutes and i'm hoping that if you learn to tweak this a little bit it could significantly change the way your life unfolds so we're really fascinated with body language and we're particularly interested in other people's body language you know we're interested in like you know an awkward interaction or a smile or a contemptuous glance or maybe a very awkward wink or maybe even something like a handshake
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1,371 |
what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance well this is what they are so in the animal kingdom they are about expanding so you make yourself big you stretch out you take up space you're basically opening up it's about opening up and this is true across the animal kingdom it's not just limited to primates and humans do the same thing
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was like yes you are you are supposed to be here and tomorrow you're going to fake it you're going to make yourself powerful and you know and you're going to go into the classroom and you are going to give the best comment ever you know and she gave the best comment ever and people turned around and were like oh my god i didn't even notice her sitting there
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before you go into the next stressful situation for two minutes try doing this in the elevator in a bathroom stall at your desk behind closed doors that's what you want to do configure your brain to cope the best in that situation get your testosterone up get your down don't leave that situation feeling like oh i didn't show them who i am leave that situation feeling like i really feel like i got to say who i am and show who i am so i want to ask you first you know both to try power posing and also i want to ask you to share the science because this is simple i don't have ego involved in this
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this expression which is known as pride jessica tracy has studied she shows that people who are born with sight and people who are blind do this when they win at a physical competition so when they cross the finish line and they've won it doesn't matter if they've never seen anyone do it they do this so the arms up in the v the chin is slightly lifted
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what do we do when we feel powerless we do exactly the opposite we close up we wrap ourselves up we make ourselves small we don't want to bump into the person next to us so again both animals and humans do the same thing
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this behavior in the classroom and what do i notice i notice that students really exhibit the full range of power so you have people who are like caricatures of really coming into the room they get right into the middle of the room before class even starts like they really want to occupy space when they sit down they're sort of spread out they raise their hands like this you have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in as soon they come in you see it you see it on their faces and their bodies and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny and they go like this when they raise their hand i notice a couple of things about this
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a couple of years later so i get really excited about these things about a couple of years later there was a old she was from canada her father had gone out in the wintertime he was working night shift and she followed him outside in nothing but a diaper and they found her hours later frozen lifeless and they brought her back to life there was a old woman in duluth minnesota last year that was found frozen and without a pulse in her front yard one morning in the winter and they brought her back to life the next day she was doing so well they wanted to run tests on her she got cranky and just went home
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the researchers had to suit up just to enter it it's filled with this toxic gas hydrogen sulfide now hydrogen sulfide is curiously present in us we make it ourselves the highest concentration is in our brains yet it was used as a chemical warfare agent in world war i it's an extraordinarily toxic thing in fact in chemical accidents hydrogen sulfide is known to if you breathe too much of it you collapse to the ground you appear dead but if you were brought out into room air you can be without harm if they do that quickly so i thought wow i have to get some of this
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one model of heart attack animals given hydrogen sulfide showed a percent reduction in heart damage compared to those who got the standard of care that you and i would receive if we were to have a heart attack here today same is true for organ failure when you have loss of function owing to poor of kidney of liver acute respiratory distress syndrome and damage suffered in cardiac bypass surgery so these are the thought leaders in trauma medicine all over the world saying this is true so it seems that exposure to hydrogen sulfide decreases damage that you receive from being exposed to otherwise lethal low oxygen and i should say that the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide required to get this benefit are low incredibly low in fact so low that physicians will not have to lower or dim the metabolism of people much at all to see the benefit i just mentioned which is a wonderful thing if you're thinking about adopting this you don't want to be people out just to save them it's really confusing
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so what do i mean when i say suspended animation it is the process by which animals de animate appear dead and then can wake up again without being harmed ok so here is the sort of big idea if you look out at nature you find that as you tend to see suspended animation you tend to see immortality and so what i'm going to tell you about is a way to tell a person who's in trauma find a way to de animate them a bit so they're a little more immortal when they have that heart attack an example of an organism or two that happens to be quite immortal would be plant seeds or bacterial spores these creatures are some of the most immortal life forms on our planet and they tend to spend most of their time in suspended animation bacterial spores are thought now by scientists to exist as individual cells that are alive but in suspended animation for as long as million years to suggest that this all sort of about little tiny creatures i want to bring it close to home in the immortal germ line of human beings that is the eggs that sit in the ovaries they actually sit there in a state of suspended animation for up to years in the life of each woman
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so then there's also my favorite example of suspended animation this is sea monkeys those of you with children you know about them you go to the pet store or the toy store and you can buy these things you just open the bag and you just dump them into the plastic aquarium and in about a week or so you'll have little swimming around well i wasn't so interested in the swimming i was interested in what was going on in the bag the bag on the toy store shelf where those shrimp sat in suspended animation indefinitely
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so these are miracles right these are truly miraculous things that happen doctors have a saying that in fact you're not dead until you're warm and dead and it's true it's true in the new england journal of medicine there was a study published that showed that with appropriate people who had suffered without a heartbeat for three hours could be brought back to life without any neurologic problems
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at mit at mit you need to apply whatever basic knowledge you gain so we are creating dylan which is a computational system with an ambitious goal of taking in visual inputs of the same kind that a human child would receive and autonomously discovering what are the objects in this visual input so don't worry about the of dylan here i'm just going to talk about how we test dylan the way we test dylan is by giving it inputs as i said of the same kind that a baby or a child in project prakash would get but for a long time we couldn't quite figure out wow can we get these kinds of video inputs so i thought could we have darius serve as our carrier and that way get the inputs that we feed into dylan so that's what we did
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if you are a blind child in india you will very likely have to contend with at least two big pieces of bad news the first bad news is that the chances of getting treatment are extremely slim to none and that's because most of the blindness alleviation programs in the country are focused on adults and there are very very few hospitals that are actually equipped to treat children in fact if you were to be treated you might well end up being treated by a person who has no medical credentials as this case from illustrates this is a three orphan girl who had cataracts so her caretakers took her to the village medicine man and instead of suggesting to the caretakers that the girl be taken to a hospital the person decided to burn her abdomen with red hot iron bars to drive out the demons the second piece of bad news will be delivered to you by who will tell you that if you are older than four or five years of age that even if you have your eye corrected the chances of your brain learning how to see are very very slim again slim or none
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so i've known a lot of fish in my life i've loved only two that first one it was more like a passionate affair it was a beautiful fish flavorful textured meaty a bestseller on the menu what a fish
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1,404 |
so the next day just before the event i called don i said don what are some examples of sustainable proteins he said he didn't know he would ask around well i got on the phone with a few people in the company no one could give me a straight answer until finally i got on the phone with the head biologist let's call him don too
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1,409 |
this second fish it's a different kind of love story it's the romantic kind the kind where the more you get to know your fish you love the fish i first ate it at a restaurant in southern spain a journalist friend had been talking about this fish for a long time she kind of set us up
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the chef had overcooked it like twice over amazingly it was still delicious who can make a fish taste good after it's been overcooked i can't but this guy can let's call him miguel actually his name is miguel
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okay so let's review a farm that doesn't feed its animals and a farm that measures its success on the health of its predators a fish farm but also a bird sanctuary oh and by the way those flamingos they shouldn't even be there in the first place they brood in a town miles away where the soil conditions are better for building nests every morning they fly miles into the farm and every evening they fly miles back
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i was imagining a march of the penguins thing so i looked at miguel i said miguel do they fly miles to the farm and then do they fly miles back at night do they do that for the children he looked at me like i had just quoted a whitney houston song
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and then i realized when he says a farm that has no impurities he made a big understatement because the water that flows through that farm comes in from the river it's a river that carries with it all the things that rivers tend to carry these days chemical contaminants pesticide runoff and when it works its way through the system and leaves the water is cleaner than when it entered the system is so healthy it the water so not just a farm that doesn't feed its animals not just a farm that measures its success by the health of its predators but a farm that's literally a water purification plant and not just for those fish but for you and me as well because when that water leaves it dumps out into the atlantic a drop in the ocean i know but i'll take it and so should you because this love story however romantic is also instructive you might say it's a recipe for the future of good food whether we're talking about bass or beef cattle what we need now is a radically new conception of agriculture one in which the food actually tastes good
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for the past years we've been fishing the seas like we clear cut forests it's hard to overstate the destruction ninety percent of large fish the ones we love the tunas the the salmons swordfish they've collapsed there's almost nothing left so for better or for worse aquaculture fish farming is going to be a part of our future a lot of arguments against it fish farms pollute most of them do anyway and they're inefficient take tuna a major drawback it's got a feed conversion ratio of to one
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