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Top 10 Best healthy fatty foods
Top 10 Healthy fatty foods.
Ever since fat is demonized, people started eating more sugar, refined carbs, and processed foods instead.
Studies show that fat, including saturated fat, isn't the devil it had been made bent be (1, 2Trusted Source).
All kinds of healthy foods that contain fat have now returned to the "superfood" scene.
1. Cheese
Cheese is incredibly nutritious.
This is sensible , as long as a whole cup of milk is employed to supply one thick slice of Cheese.
It is an excellent source of vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus and selenium, and contains all kinds of other nutrients (10).
It is also very high protein, with one slice of Cheese containing 6.7 grams of protein equal to a glass of milk.
Like other fat-rich dairy products, Cheese also contains powerful fatty acids linked to all or any kinds of benefits, including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (11Trusted Source).
Bottom Line:
Cheese is a great nutritious, and one slice contains an identical amount of nutrients as a glass of milk. it's an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, quality proteins and healthy fats.
2. bittersweet chocolate
Dark chocolate is one the rare health foods that really taste incredible.
It is very high in fat, It contained fat at around 65% of calories.
Dark chocolate is 11% fiber and have over 50% of the RDA for iron, magnesium, copper and manganese (12).
It is also loaded with antioxidants, such a lot that it's one among the very best-scoring foods tested, even outranking blueberries (13).
Some of the antioxidants in it is potent biological activity, and may lower vital sign and protect LDL cholesterol within the blood from becoming oxidized (14, 15Trusted Source).
Studies also show that folks who eat bittersweet chocolate 5 or more times per week are but half as likely to die from heart condition , compared to people that don't eat bittersweet chocolate (16Trusted Source, 17Trusted Source).
There also are some studies showing that bittersweet chocolate can help to improve brain function, and protect the skin from damage when exposed to the sun (18, 19Trusted Source).
Just confirm to settle on quality bittersweet chocolate , with a minimum of 70% cocoa.
Bottom Line:
bittersweet chocolate is high in fat, but loaded with nutrients and antioxidants. it's very effective at improving cardiovascular health.
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3. Avocados
The avocado is different fruit from most other fruits.
Whereas most fruits have contained carbs, avocados are loaded with a lot of fats.
In fact, avocados are about 77% fat and calories, making them even higher in fat than most animal foods (3).
The main carboxylic acid may be a monounsaturated fat called monounsaturated fatty acid. This is often also the predominant carboxylic acid in vegetable oil , related to various health benefits (4, 5Trusted Source).
Avocados are among the simplest sources of potassium within the diet, even containing 40% more potassium than bananas, a typical high potassium food.
They are an rich source of fiber, and studies have shown that they will lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, If raising HDL (the "good") cholesterol (6Trusted Source, 7Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source).
Even though they're high in fat and calories, one study shows that the use of t avocados helps to weigh less and have less belly fat than those that don't (9Trusted Source).
Bottom Line:
Avocados are fruit, with fat at 77% of calories. they're a superb source of potassium and fiber and are shown to possess major cardiovascular health benefits.
How to Pick the right Avocado
4. Whole Eggs
Whole eggs wont to be considered unhealthy because the yolks are high in cholesterol and fat.
One egg contains 212 mg of cholesterol, this quantity is 71% of the recommended daily intake. Plus, Whole egg contained 62% of the calories .
However, new studies have shown that high cholesterol in eggs doesn't affect the cholesterol within the blood, a minimum of not within the majority of individuals (21Trusted Source).
What we're left with is one among the foremost nutrient-dense foods on the earth .
Whole eggs are literally loaded with vitamins and minerals. They contain a touch little bit of almost every single nutrient we'd like .
They even contain very powerful antioxidants that protect the eyes, and much of choline, a brain nutrient that 90% of individuals don't get enough of (22Trusted Source, 23).
Eggs also are a weight loss friendly food. they're very fulfilling and high in protein, the foremost important nutrient for weight loss (24Trusted Source).
Despite being high in fat, people that replace a grain-based breakfast with eggs find yourself eating fewer calories and losing weight (25Trusted Source, 26Trusted Source).
The best eggs are rich in omega-3 enriched or pastured. Egg yo Just don't throw away the yolk, that's where most the nutrients are found.
Bottom Line:
Whole eggs are among the foremost nutrient-dense foods on the earth . Despite being high in fat and cholesterol, they're incredibly nutritious and healthy.
5. Nuts
Nuts are incredibly healthy.
They have rich healthy fats and fiber, and are an honest plant-based source of protein.
Nuts also are high in vitamin E and loaded with magnesium, a mineral that the majority of people don't get enough of.
Studies show that folks who eat nuts tend to be healthier and have a lower risk of varied diseases. This includes obesity, heart condition and sort 2 diabetes (30Trusted Source, 31Trusted Source, 32).
Healthy nuts include almonds, walnuts and macadamia nuts and various others.
Bottom Line:
Nuts are rich with healthy fats, protein, vitamin E and magnesium, and are among the simplest sources of plant-based protein. It is fact that nuts have many health benefits.
6. Fatty Fish
One of the few animal products that the majority of people agree is healthy, is fatty fish.
This includes fish like salmon mackerel,, trout, sardines and herring.
These fish are high inloaded with heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids, top-quality proteins and every one kinds of important nutrients.
Studies show that folks who eat fish tend to be much healthier, with a lower risk of heart condition , depression, dementia and every one kinds of common diseases (27Trusted Source, 28, 29Trusted Source).
If you can't eat fish, then taking a animal oil supplement are often useful. Codfish liver oil is fatty, it contains all the omega-3s that you simply need, also as many vitamin D .
Bottom Line:
Fatty fish like salmon is full of important nutrients, especially omega-3 fatty acids. Use of fatty fish is linked to improved health and reduced risk of all kinds of diseases.
7. Chia Seeds
Chia seeds are generally not knownperceived as a "fatty" food.
However, an oz (28 grams) of chia seeds actually contains 9 grams of fat.
Considering that nearly all the carbs in chia seeds are fiber, the bulk of calories in them actually comes from fat.
In fact, by calories, chia seeds has around 80% fat. This makes them a superb high-fat fertilizer .
These aren't just any fats either, the bulk of the fats in chia seeds consists of the heart-healthy omega-3 carboxylic acid called ALA.
Chia seeds can also have numerous health benefits, like lowering vital sign and having anti-inflammatory effects (33Trusted Source, 34Trusted Source).
They are also incredibly nutritious. additionally to being loaded with fiber and omega-3s, chia seeds also are full of minerals.
Bottom Line:
Chia seeds have very high in healthy fats, especially an omega-3 carboxylic acid called ALA. they're also loaded with fiber and minerals, and have numerous health benefits.
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8. Extra Virgin vegetable oil
Another fatty food that nearly everyone agrees is healthy, is extra virgin vegetable oil .
This fat is an important component of the Mediterranean diet, which has been shown to possess numerous health benefits (35, 36Trusted Source).
Extra virgin vegetable oil contains vitamins E and K, and is loaded with powerful antioxidants.
Some of these antioxidants can control inflammation and help protect the LDL particles within the blood from becoming oxidized (37Trusted Source, 38Trusted Source).
It has also been shown to lower vital sign , improve cholesterol markers and have all kinds of benefits associated with heart condition risk (39).
Out of all other healthy fats and oils within the diet, extra virgin vegetable oil is that the king.
Bottom Line:
Extra virgin vegetable oil has many powerful health benefits, and is incredibly effective at improving cardiovascular health.
Best Extra Virgin vegetable oil
9. Full-Fat Yogurt
Real, full-fat yogurt is incredibly healthy.
It has all an equivalent important nutrients as other high-fat dairy products.
But it's also full of healthy, probiotic bacteria, which will have powerful effects on your health.
Studies show that yogurt can cause major improvements in digestive health, and should even help fight heart condition and obesity (47Trusted Source, 48Trusted Source, 49Trusted Source).
Just confirm to settle on real, full-fat yogurt and skim the label.
Unfortunately, many of the yogurts are low in fat, but contained more sugar.
It is best to avoid those just like the plague.
10. Coconuts and copra oil
Coconuts, and copra oil , are the richest sources of saturated fat on the earth .
In fact, about 90% of the contained fatty acids are saturated.
Even so, populations that consume more amounts of coconut don't have high levels of heart condition , and are in excellent health (40Trusted Source, 41Trusted Source).
Coconut fats are literally different than most other fats, and consist largely of medium-chain fatty acids.
These fatty acids are metabolized differently, goes to the liver where they'll be became ketone bodies (42Trusted Source).
Studies show that medium fats suppress appetite, helping people eat fewer calories, and may boost metabolism by up to 120 calories per day (43Trusted Source, 44Trusted Source).
Many studies show that these sorts of fats can have benefits for people with Alzheimer's, and that they have also been shown to assist you lose belly fat (45Trusted Source, 46Trusted Source).
Bottom Line:
Coconuts are very reach in medium-chain fatty acids, which are metabolized differently than other fats. they will reduce appetite, increase fat burning and supply numerous health benefits.
Best Super seeds Mix online India
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Everything posted by swansont
1. A centrifuge with the appropriate specs. v2/r = 1.5g
2. The waves add, as I already said. As far as creating a "new" wave, it depends on what you mean by that. That goes for gamma and radio - but you're adding waves that are perhaps ten orders of magnitude different in frequency, and it's not going to look like much is happening.
3. Deep space is zero-g. Near earth orbit is microgravity only because you are in orbit - there is still significant gravity present. You just feel weightless because you are in perpetual freefall. If you weren't in orbit, but in space near a planet, you'd feel gravity's pull.
4. No, the waves add. You get interference, though. Beat notes. If the waves are of exactly the amplitude, the new amplitude will double at that point and the light will be twice as bright, but not at a new frequency (which is what would be required to get a new color)
5. Remember that electrons exhibit wave properties as well. But when you try to measure their size, a particle property, it's consistent with them being the point particle that Dirac theory predicts. It's not like they have to hit "head on" in order to annihilate.
6. What's it like at night, far from civilization, with no moon?
7. It's true that the sum of the frequencies would be only a very small change, but you need more than just having two waves of similar frequencies. You have to combine the photons in some nonlinear material. You can then generate photons with the sum and difference frequencies. One common use of this is frequency doubling - take two photons at frequency w and combine them to generate a photon at 2w.
8. No, one can explain a lot of physics without writing down an equation. It's just that math is a fast way to do it, and to do it quantitatively. Math is the language. But the math doesn't compel the physics; E=mc and E=mc3 are both valid equations and would satisfy any mathematician, and yet they do not represent reality. To draw an anlogy, the English alphabet and language didn't compel the works of Shakespeare.
9. There is also energy from radioactive decay, which is significant. Life as we know it? Probably not. Life in some form? - not enough info to be sure.
10. Assuming this happened randomly, would it affect the outcome of the flip?
11. Ah, yes - Gravity Probe B. But it's not like the probe is news, just the launch. They've been working toward this for almost 45 years.
12. dic·tion·ar·y n. pl. dic·tion·ar·ies A reference book containing an alphabetical list of words, with information given for each word, usually including meaning, pronunciation, and etymology.
13. Here is a little more on gaseous diffusion separation.
14. I refer you to the words of Ernest Rutherford, winner of the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry: "All science is either physics or stamp collecting." Subset of chemistry. Bah!
15. Prompting people when they're offline doesn't do any good. The object would accelerate vertically if the vertical component of the force is greater than the weight. But that information isn't in the diagram.
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listen to the pronunciation of ignominy
İngilizce - Türkçe
{i} kepazelik
{i} rezillik
alçakça davranış
{i} namussuzluk
{i} şerefsizlik
{i} yüz karası
İngilizce - İngilizce
Great dishonor, shame, or humiliation
Calvin: Our great plan backfired and I'm the one who got soaked! Oh, the shame! The ignominy!.
An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act
Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy
{i} humiliation, disgrace, dishonor; contemptible behavior, mean or base act
Ignominy is shame or public disgrace. the ignominy of being made redundant. an event or situation that makes you feel ashamed or embarrassed, especially in public = humiliation ignominy of (ignominie, from , from ig- (as in ignorare; IGNORE) + nomen )
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Keto Diet and Diabetes
Before talking about diabetes and the ketogenic diet and if it can help or not and in which case it is necessary that we start this article by talking about the health terms involved in the subject.
What is health?
It should be pointed out that the health of the body almost always means balance since in any measurable parameter for medicine such as pH, mineral concentration, or some others there are healthy parameters that are synonymous with balance or homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the body to keep its processes constant. In the case of glucose, our body seeks to maintain basal concentrations such that when eating carbohydrates such as pasta, rice, pizzas, industrial pastries, etc., the level of glucose in the blood can be raised and the pancreas releases insulin to help glucose enter the cells inside and function as fuel and maintain balance.
What is Diabetes?
In this sense, diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body’s homeostasis has been affected. Talking about diabetes means referring to the poor control that our body may have in relation to glucose, therefore we say that diabetes can encompass the group of diseases that have a high concentration of glucose in the blood in common. Including the autoimmune disease where cells of our immune system attack the beta cells of the pancreas.
How many types of Diabetes are there?
In the most common forms of diabetes, we can consider type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. More strictly we can find type 1.5 diabetes, type 3 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, the latter is a short period during the woman’s pregnancy, after pregnancy, most women correct this imbalance. In this article, we will focus on type 1 and type 2 that are the most common.
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What are the characteristics of type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is more common in children or young people and has a high hereditary influence from the maternal or paternal line. In type 1 diabetes, insulin production is very low or null and when there is the consumption of carbohydrates or sugars, glucose levels increase with the probability of reaching 300, 400, or 500 mg/deciliter, the body detecting these glucose levels in the blood it tries to eliminate this excess by different means such as urine. In the long term, unless insulin is injected and glucose surpluses are not controlled, high blood glucose levels accumulate by binding to proteins generating so-called advanced glycosylation products. These products intoxicate and age the structural proteins of the body.
What are the characteristics of type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and unlike type 1 that commonly occurs in children and young people, in type 2 diabetes the pancreas continues to function, even so, as a result of several factors such as the alteration in peripheral receptors of the insulin, inflammation, loss of muscle mass, hormonal imbalances or many other variables, the functioning of insulin is no longer correct and each time carbohydrates are consumed, these being the main fuel for the body in the modern diet, glucose levels remain high because despite the pancreas releasing insulin.
If the intake of carbohydrates is very constant, the body becomes resistant and requires more and more presence of this hormone and cannot use it properly, generating a phenomenon known as “insulin resistance”. And when there is insulin resistance, blood glucose levels progressively increase.
What is insulin?
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone made up of 51 amino acids, produced and secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin is necessary to introduce glucose into cells.
What are the most common symptoms of diabetes?
The most common symptoms are acanthosis nigricans, a medical term that refers to the darkening of the skin in the form of folds on the neck, armpits, groin, between the fingers, etc. Feeling very thirsty even with continuous hydration, frequent urination, lack of satiety from feeling hungry all the time, chronic tiredness, easily gain or loss of weight, vision difficulties, delayed healing, peripheral neuropathy, or tingling in the feet and hands that can get to pain.
What are the effects of diabetes on the body?
Both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes generate advanced glycosylation products. Advanced glycolization products are accumulations of excess glucose in the blood that adhere to structural proteins in the body and lead to a variety of alterations in the body’s systems.
What are the most common disorders of diabetes in the nervous system?
Currently, it is known that many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, or senile dementia are called type 3 diabetes due to the close union that exists in these pathologies with glycated proteins where year after year excess glucose has accumulated generating structural damage in the nervous system and in the brain. There is in all diabetics, in the long term with poor glucose control, a process called diabetic neuropathy that causes loss of sensation, damage to the nervous system, nerve connections so muscle contractions are lost, there is peripheral pain in the fingers. In this way, the nervous system begins to lose structure and harmony.
What are the most common alterations of diabetes in the visual system?
Another known organism disorder is diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy appears as a result of damage to the blood vessels of the tissue located at the back of the eye (retina). Uncontrolled blood glucose is a risk factor. Early symptoms include myodesopsia, blurred vision, dark areas of vision, and difficulty perceiving colors. It can also cause blindness. Mild cases can be treated with careful diabetes management. More advanced cases may need laser treatment or surgery.
What are the most common disorders of diabetes in the cardiovascular system?
Every time there are glucose rises and as time progresses, other alterations in the cardiovascular system may manifest, for example, triglycerides rise, cholesterol increases, hypertension and the probability of heart attacks arise. The medullary point in these cases is the affection of the internal layers of the arteries as they are constantly inflamed in a silent way as excess glucose adheres and generates advanced glycation products generating rigidity, loss of elasticity, and predisposition to lack of oxygenation of the tissues. Given the lack of oxygenation and blood supply, the body’s defenses do not reach the place and infections progress, for example in the case of diabetic foot. Another situation derived from this deficiency in oxygenation and blood supply is the lack of erections in men and the demerit of sexual life. In general, the cardiovascular system is affected.
Customized Keto Diet Plan
What parameters is it advisable to monitor in cases of diabetes?
In medical terms, you can measure the level of glucose in the blood, glucose in the urine, peptide “c”, and some others. The parameter that is most suggested to monitor is glycosylated hemoglobin as it offers a long evaluation period, from 2 to 3 months, allowing better control over chronic complications derived from the same condition. In a simple way, we understand glycosylated hemoglobin as the amount of glucose adhered to hemoglobin and it is expressed as a percentage.
How can we control or correct diabetes?
Even when diabetes is a medically considered incurable condition, science is beginning to evaluate options that support the body to regain its natural balance and one of them is the implementation of low-carbohydrate diets.
What is the effect of carbohydrates on diabetics?
Eating with diabetes is essential, consuming many carbohydrates will generate high concentrations of sugar in the body generating this abnormal insulin response and increased blood glucose. The most logical thing would be to reduce carbohydrate consumption but generally, we do not know what foods to consume and taking care of this point recently the so-called ketogenic diet has taken force.
What is the ketogenic diet?
The ketogenic diet is a special way of eating that is high in fat and protein and very low in carbohydrates. On the ketogenic diet, the body begins to take energy from fat and protein as its main fuel. The name of this diet comes from the word ketone, a chemical compound produced during the metabolism of fats, ketones are now the main fuel of the body by lowering the availability of glucose. If the low glucose becomes permanent, the metabolism changes and begins to use fats as an energy source, releasing ketones into the blood to also be used by the body’s tissues and maintain all cellular functions. A good analogy to understand this principle would be to observe the behavior of a car, a car that runs on fuel that we can call glucose, now we adapt it to work like a hybrid vehicle, that is, fuel plus electrical energy which we will call ketones. Better use of the energy of both and reduces the emission of harmful components.
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Is keto diet good for diabetics ?
How does the ketogenic diet work for type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes, as we have seen, is the result of, among many factors, poor eating habits generating obesity, high blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance. The ketogenic diet is said to help you lose excess body weight by taking in excess body fat for fuel, decreasing your risk of metabolic syndrome, cancer, and many other imbalances. Helps reduce the need for medications.
How does the ketogenic diet work for type 1 diabetes?
In type 1 diabetes the drug is insulin-based, the ketogenic diet can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia is when the blood sugar drops more than 70 mg / deciliter and weakness, anxiety, dizziness, confusion begin to be experienced among other symptoms. In cases like these, it is suggested that before starting the ketogenic diet the case be reviewed with the doctor, especially to assess possible adjustments in the administration of insulin. More scientific studies are needed to tell us the relationship of the ketogenic diet with type 1 diabetes.
Is there scientific evidence on the application of the ketogenic diet in diabetes?
A 2018 study conducted in the United States concluded that the ketogenic diet is an effective alternative as a treatment for type 2 diabetes and especially useful when medications are not available. Another study published in 2019 by the journal Nutrients highlighted that although the application of the ketogenic diet in patients with type 1 diabetes remains controversial, its application in patients with type 2 has proven to be very effective in controlling blood sugar. blood and also helps reduce body weight. In 2017, a study was conducted in India where it was stated that the ketogenic diet can be used in any age group to help control blood sugar levels effectively for patients with type 2 diabetes. Another study showed that low-carbohydrate diets are capable of improving insulin sensitivity by up to 75%, enough to not depend on the drug in case of type 2 diabetes. In 2005 the journal Nutrition and Metabolism published the results of a study where 28 obese people with type 2 diabetes followed the ketogenic diet for 16 weeks, the result confirmed that glycosylated hemoglobin decreased by 16%, hypoglycemic drugs were no longer necessary in 7 patients while another 10 had a dose reduction by lowering about 6.6% of body weight.
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What benefits can a person with diabetes expect from following a ketogenic diet?
The ketogenic diet helps control blood sugar levels, benefits digestion regularity, decreases cravings for sweets and carbohydrates and helps lower body fat by burning excess pounds of body weight. Maintains a state of satiety.
Why is the ketogenic diet believed to be dangerous for diabetics?
When starting the ketogenic diet, a series of compensatory mechanisms occur that can cause some slight side effects such as weakness, confusion, headache, flu-like symptoms, among others. This is part of the body’s adaptation process to changing habits, but it is mild and temporary.
Another reason why some people consider this diet not suitable for diabetics is that if there is no glucose monitoring and control for a correct dose of medicine, hypoglycemia can occur, as we mentioned earlier in cases of type 1 diabetes. That is why before starting the ketogenic diet it is important to go for a medical check-up to take advantage of its benefits without risk to health.
Another very common fear is the fact of including fats in the diet, for many years we have heard that fats are bad for health and perhaps a diet high in fat is too controversial and difficult to accept. If we choose healthy fats such as those found in avocado, olive oil, nuts, there is no reason to fear, another point to consider is that the carbohydrates ingested in this diet are minimal and the body will focus on burning more fat Quick.
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Fedorovich, S. V., Voronina, P. P. y Waseem, T. V. (2018). Ketogenic diet versus ketoacidosis: what determines the influence of ketone bodies on neurons? Neural regeneration research.
Kalra, S., Mukherjee, J. J., Venkataraman, S., Bantwal, G., Shaikh, S., Saboo, B., … Ramachandran, A. (2013). Hypoglycemia: The neglected complication. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism.
Krebs, J. D., Parry Strong, A., Cresswell, P., Reynolds, A. N., Hanna, A. y Haeusler, S. (2016). A randomised trial of the feasibility of a low carbohydrate diet vs standard carbohydrate counting in adults with type 1 diabetes taking body weight into account. Asian Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
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Quaker Heritage Press > Online Texts > Works of James Nayler > O England, Thy Time is Come
O England, thy time is come;a God
hath not taken thee until thou be full; yea, the
fullness of thy time is come. With speed prepare
to meet the Lord in judgment, lest thou be
cut off; woe unto thee if he turn from thee before thou be
refined. Remember, was not the Jews cut off that thou
might be grafted in? Remember and take heed.
The glorious reign of Christ is come;
Ho! every one behold the Son.
This is the beautiful Morning-Star,
Who sends his messengers through the air,
And calls up all to judgment; O haste and come away
You virgins that are ready! this is the marriage-day.
You foolish virgins, how have you been sleeping away your precious time? had it not been better you had watched and prayed? O foolish, foolish children, will you sell your birthright for a moment's pleasure, and a little ease? But what more can be said to you? I see the Spirit is grieved with you, and the Spirit is weary with striving with you. Oh that I could weep tears of blood for the slackness of the desires of the people concerning their eternal salvation! Is your souls of no more value than to make a sport of time? O England! thou hast not wanted for warnings; my soul stands witness in the presence of the Lord against thee, that in thy cities, towns, and market streets I have passed <586> with bitter cries and streams of tears, for almost two years time, warning you of this day that is coming upon you as a snare, with this lamentation, O people of England, repent! O that thou wouldst consider the time of thy visitation! O that thou wouldst prize thy time before the door of mercy is shut! Now the light is risen, how art thou found slaying the Lamb of God? In thee is found slain the blood of the innocent; O England! the blood of the innocent cries loud in the ears of the Lord God of power. Oh that thou wouldst consider and repent, and prize thy time before thou be consumed and made a common deluge forever! Thou art fat and full, thou art fitted for slaughter, and great and terrible will thy day of calamity be; the sword of the Lord is drawn against thee and will be sheathed in thy bowels. Oh repent! repent, and let the destruction of Sodom be a warning to thee. O England! fitted for slaughter; thou art light and vain, thou kicks against the Lord, thou lifts up thy heel against him. O England, the time is come that nothing will satisfy but blood; yea, yea the time is come that nothing will satisfy but blood. Thou art making thyself drunken with the blood of the innocent; he will be avenged of thee, till blood come up to the horse's bridle; thou art making thyself drunken with the blood of the innocent, and now he will give thee blood to drink, for thou art worthy; for he will be avenged of thee till he is satisfied with thy blood. Come down ye high and lofty ones and lie in the dust, and repent in sackcloth, and lie low before the Lord, and come and see if by any means there may be a place for repentance found.
This mournful cry began at London, so to Colchester, and through the nation: Ah Lord! what shall I yet say for them? or how shall I enter into a treaty for them? Behold, they have slighted thy tenders of grace, and they wipe their mouths, and take their fills of mirth; and they wipe their mouths and cry, "Tush, the Lord is gone far off." They cry, "Miracles are ceased, and there is no revelation; tush, the Lord seeth not." When thy servants have showed them thy mind, they have said, "Let him do his worst." O Lord, arise in thy zeal, and show thy power, for they blaspheme thy name continually; how have they slighted thy love, now thou hast visited the earth with thy pure voice? How cruelly have they beaten thy prophets, and now thy <587> Son is come they conspire to kill him?
O generation of unbelievers! now is not the Scripture fulfilled that saith, "When the Son of man come shall he find faith upon the earth?" Is it not seen that you love the world too well? You look for the reign of Christ; I know you do, for there is that in your consciences which showeth you that your soul is in death and waits for redemption; but how have you slighted the messenger of reconciliation, that hath told you in secret that you should come away and leave your vanities. It had been well if you had minded the check and reproof; if you had done so, your hearts had been purified; then now you had been ready to meet him. When he fulfilled all righteousness, and ascended unto his Father, he gave down his Spirit among you, which hath visited your fathers and you unto this day, which was to minister unto you until his second coming. But how hath your ears been stopped against it; did it he ever appear in such an age before? But now the heavens is loaded with a blessing, and there is not room in the earth to receive it. Make room, make room, enlarge your hearts, for it is there that he will reign, I see, and as your hearts is enlarged, you will come down as Zacchaeus did; for he is made a little lower than the angels, that so he may raise up the innocent seed which lies scattered in your dark hearts. As far as you are obedient to the Spirit that preaches to your souls in prison, so far you make room for his reign, so far you become members of the body; for now he hath prepared you a leader and a captain, doth not your eyes see the Lord hath prepared him a body fitted for sufferings in patience, which he hath crown'd with love and meekness, so that the more you torture him, the more he loves, yet you cannot see; but to you that live in hope my heart is enlarged, yet to see the redemption of Zion, and to enjoy the glorious reign of Christ; the Lord give you the desire of your souls, for now is your time to receive. Wherefore I beseech you sit you under your own vine, feed in peace, go not forth after them that cry, Lo here, and Lo there, for they are false watchmen; they will smite you and bereave you of your fresh springs which you should enjoy in the Spirit; but watch low and still in your minds, and with that which is just, judge that which is unjust. And when your wills would have liberty, let it be crossed with the light; <588> then you will see that in your obedience you will have peace, and the peace that your obedience will bring, will so knit your hearts to the Lord, that nothing will be too hard for you. Then comes your hearts to be opened to receive the blessing, and your minds steadfast in communion with the Lord. He will visit you with his fresh springs and cause the seed to grow; and as it grows up to God, it brings the Son down to you, who is given into the world to redeem your souls from the power of sin and death; and so as he purifies you with judgment, so your temples will be fitted for Christ to rule and reign in you, and then comes his will to be done in the earth as it is in heaven; and as your hearts, minds and affections incline to the Lord, you will see faith increase; and by patient waiting in hope, you will see the hills leveled and the mountains laid low of sin and corruption; and when the Lord hath plucked your feet out of the snare, and set you upon a plain, then will you run the way of his commandments with great delight; and this is the state of virginity.
Oh you noble hearts! it is you that are fit to entertain Christ in his reign, for in your obedience the precious springs of life doth open in you, and pure consolation you feel, songs of joy and triumph, and the Father, Son and Spirit meets in you; then hath the soul liberty from the devouring enemy. As the pure Spirit gets victory over the evil spirit, so the Spirit of Christ comes to reign in your mortal bodies, then comes the showers of grace as the morning dew, which bathes your souls in the blood of the Lamb, and waters the tender plant in you. This is a wise virgin that is ready to meet the Bridegroom in this his day. I counsel you that have oil to trim your lamps and prepare to meet the Lamb, for now it is full time; for he that was to come, is come, and his time is short, and then no more time. Make haste away you virgins of the day, for time is short; for now is the time of sealing come; he that is filthy, let him be filthy still; and he that is holy must be received into the body. Now blessed are you that are found ready; for now we see there hath been terrible wars betwixt Michael and the dragon to make room for the Babe; not one step but through blood that we can get for entertainment amongst you; but now I see the foundation is firmly & deeply laid through sufferings; and now set your battle never so strong, <589> it will grow more firm; but blessed be the peacemakers, for they are fit to have the mansion in my Father's kingdom. Why should it seem a strange thing to you to see Christ reign in his saints and fit and prepare the vessels, and make our bodies fit for himself to dwell in, seeing our hearts are ready to bow to his will? And is it not more for his glory, though it be a greater cross to your wills, to purify these bodies and pour out the dregs thereof, than to bring down that body which was crucified at Jerusalem, seeing all are in his power and one Spirit rules in both. By much tribulation, anguish of spirit, and sufferings of the flesh hath he now fitted a body for himself, who hath conquered death and hell; so perfect is he that he can lay down his life for his enemies, not opening his mouth to defend himself. This vessel is as precious to me as that which was tortured at Jerusalem, seeing the Father hath prepared them both, and the same graces springs from both according to its time of working, which now is finished in sufferings. Shall I not follow thee unto death, O my beloved? yea, seeing thou art revealed in me by my Father to be the Son of Peace.
Now what though he was brought up with you? despise him not as your fathers did, but the Scriptures must be fulfilled: "A prophet is not without honor but in his own country." Surely if you knew the bowels of love that flows to you, you would be more meek; what shall we do to declare our love? The Lord knows we love all men, from the magistrate to the meanest, and delight to live in love and peace with all men; and if any do lord it over you, and judge you in their wills, they must be judged. Now I beseech you, is not this the manner of the reign of Christ, to purify the bodies of his saints to make them temples for himself, and quicken them by his Spirit? And he that leads the way is the captain, king, or prophet, which in all ages the people loved and honored. Would you were worthy to receive the salvation of his love and peace, which the showers of his rain hath brought; his reign is glorious. Now hearts are knit together in unity each to other, and praises springs freely up to the Father of all, and here is none shut out who is real-hearted: whether ever we see your faces outwardly, yet I am sure if you love the Lord and be obedient to him, we shall meet in Spirit, and that Spirit will reveal to you that innocency must be king. Therefore friends all, use the <590> world as if you used it not, for the time is very short, and every one shall be taken where is; he that is filthy shall be filthy still; and he that is holy, shall be holy still; for no place of repentance shall be left. And many shall say, Lord, we have preached in thy name, and in thy name we have cast out devils, and done many wonderful things; but he shall say unto them: Depart, ye workers of iniquity, I know you not. And they shall fly into the dens and caves of the earth, and shall call to the mountains and rocks to fall on them and cover them from the glory of his presence.
Watch, watch, the time hasteth exceedingly, when time shall be no more; for the gate shall be shut, and no place left for repentance.
Martha Simmonds
Consider I beseech you how clearly the Scripture is fulfilled in our days; are you not all talking of the reign of Christ, but knows it not? And this is the cause of it: My ways saith the Lord are not yours, nor my thoughts yours, for as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than yours, & none knoweth his will but those that are willing to be guided by an innocent spirit, and that liveth out of their own thoughts, and they only are the virgins that will be found ready to reign with Christ Jesus in righteousness; for they are diligent in the depth of the search of their own hearts, and sees how the Lord breaketh them into tenderness, and maketh them subject to his will; as Christ was to his Father, so are we in this evil world.
Now I would not have you ignorant of the mighty day of the Lord, and of his glorious appearing amongst the sons of men; but rather that you should consider how that it stands more for his glory to cross all men's wills than to fulfill them; and what if he will be pleased to do as the potter doth with his clay, who having made one vessel, as seemed him good, and seeth that there is yet an opportunity for him to break it & make it more for his honor than it was, seeing it is yet clay in his hand, and so is man in the hands of the Almighty. Oh my friends! consider how much more shall the Lord be glorified in purifying a vessel fit for himself to dwell in all righteousness, meekness, and <591> longsuffering. And thus we see his reign, and rejoice in sufferings as deceivers, and yet true.
So friends consider, that if it had pleased him, he could have prayed to his Father, and he would have sent him legions of angels; but he chose rather to suffer, and thereby to cross his own will, and also all men's wills; for surely he is the same now as he was in former ages, who always appeared contrary to the expectations of all the world; but if he should appear in the way you have long looked for him, then man would have something to boast in; but now boasting is excluded, for it hath pleased the Father of spirits to appear in a spirit a little lower than angels, and so is hid in the clouds from all men's eyes, of corrupt hearts, and self-conceited ones, who thought they had an eye to have pierced through the clouds, are now found the blindest of all sorts; for as he suffered at his going away, so doth he at his coming again, for so saith the Scripture, "he shall come in like manner as he went."
Hannah Stranger
There's none can reign with Christ but he
That is a virgin pure in innocency.
No evil thoughts nor words must be,
For that will stain virginity.
Oh how excellent is thy ways thou God of mercy and truth! surely they that go out of thy paths are not worthy to walk therein; they that forget thy love have not found the sweetness of it; why should it be that any that have known thy word should cast it behind their backs? But let my soul cleave to thy statutes, & let obedience be my life continually; so shall I be acquainted with thy will, O Lord, thou knowest I love thy counsel, and in it my heart pondereth; and if thou wilt open thy bosom and let me come nearer to thee, that is all I desire; but let me remember thy former mercies, for they are life; how hast thou led me through the deserts and refreshed me with thy crystal streams, & gave me manna for food? How gently didst thou guide me when all comforts failed me, and removed the mountains out of my way, and hath set me upon a plane, that I run the way of thy commandments with great delight? Why hath thy rod been so light upon <592> me, seeing my sins have been multiplied? How have I scaped the rod of thine anger? Nay, thou didst put a rod into my hand, to smite the backslider and hardhearted. O Lord, thou knowest it was thy will, I did not resist thee. Oh that they might know it, the rod, and who it was that did appoint it! And now thou hast taken it out of my hand, and bowed me to thy will, and hath opened a door of mercy to all sorts of people; oh let thy mercy shower down abundantly, and fill the earth with thy blessing that thy works may praise thee, for now praises are ready for thee, and many hearts panteth after thee that have long lain amongst the pots. All the upright love thee, for they have been as a chased roe upon the mountains, which have wanted a shepherd; wherefore arise O Lord and visit the nations with thy appearance, that they may know thy salvation.
Martha Simmonds
O my beloved! Where hast thou been hidden? In the clefts of the rocks? and I could by no means find thee, though I have sought thee day & night with a mournful and bleeding heart? But when I was still and patient, then thou didst appear to me with pure consolation, and then we did sup together; but then thou wouldst withdraw again, and then my soul would mourn, for I saw thy presence was my life and preservation. Thou didst command me forth into thy work, to invite those in which knew thee not, and I was obedient to thee; when I returned and gave thee an account thou didst accept my service, though men denied it, and thou gavest into my bosom a double blessing. Oh! how thou hast drawn me unto thee & inclined my heart to thy will; how hast thou endeared my soul within thy bosom? Thou hast tried me, and in thy trial thou hast found me steadfast; it all that I desired of thee was, and is, that thou wouldst wholly take me into thy counsel. I ever loved thy reproof and dreaded thy anger, for I find correction is as balm to me, and I have not murmured at them. O pure, eternal, perfect Lord God! when I came near to know thee it was life forevermore, for thy presence overcame me; but how have I been tossed to and fro in this dark world? surely thou hadst a purpose to make use of me in thy will and <593> time; for the devil hath set very sore against me, for before ever I saw the light of the sun or received a natural birth in this visible world, I was rejected of men; for my parents denied me a birth; and as concerning self, it had been good I had not been born; for I have not had pleasure in this world but have stood as one alone, and since I knew the way to thee I have exceedingly hasted out of it; and before I knew the way, I sought for the way to all that pretended to direct the way; but they had stolen thy words, & had not thy life, so they wearied me and profited me not; but now thou hast revealed thy Son in me. Oh! how am I overcome with thy presence? and now I shall live with thee forever.
M. S.
Is it become a crime not to judge another in his work, but to let him stand and fall to his own master Christ Jesus, who alone hath power over the conscience? Doth not the apostle Paul say, "Wherefore dost thou judge thy brother? Wherefore dost thou set at naught thy brother?" Did not he say this to those that judged one another? And did not he plead the cause of both for one against the other that judged, when they could neither of them bear the other? yet did not he then vindicate both in their contrary persuasions, and judged only their judgings of one another (Rom. 14)?
Did Christ judge John Baptist because he came neither eating nor drinking? or did John judge him because he came both eating and drinking? though the world judged both, saying of the one, "He hath a devil," of the other, "He is a glutton and a wine-bibber, a friend of publicans and sinners."
Did Barnabas judge Boanerges because he was a son of thunder? or Boanerges judge Barnabas, because he was a son of consolation?
It is said (Cant. 4:16), "Awake, O north winds, and come thou south, and blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden and eat his pleasant fruits." Let him that readeth understand. And let not the south wind say to the north wind, there hath been no need of thee. Neither let the north wind withstand the south wind, and say, there is no need of thee. Or let not the garden say to the <594> winds, there is no need of you or either of you, for both are needful for causing the spices to flow out, that the Beloved may enter into his garden to eat his pleasant fruits. Let him that readeth understand what the winds are.
W. T.
This is a day of shaking and staggering to them whose minds are without, busying themselves to comprehend the measures of others. The only way to be at rest & quiet, is to mind our own measure, committed to us, and to be faithful therein; to keep pace with our own guide, who leads the lambs as they are able to bear. Let the weak not judge that which they comprehend not; and let the strong not despise the weak, being found faithful in their measure; and so unity is preserved in the body, from the youngest babe to the highest grown; and there's breadth enough in our Father's kingdom for both. And this preserved unity between Paul and his weaklings, John and his little children, Christ and his babes.
The day is appearing which I have waited for, in which all that have their faces towards God in truth shall own one another in their several measures, and love shall be increased. The children of the kingdom shall feel the love of God in one another, and shall embrace that, and not trouble themselves with the several work of others, or narrowness or largeness of understanding mysteries; but love shall embrace that which is of itself, and so the flock of God shall walk in peace, without pushings, judgings, whisperings, backbitings, censurings, every one growing up in his own measure. This day is appearing, if it go not in again.
W. T.
Oh how wonderful are thy works, O God! the depths of thy counsels are past finding out. Who knoweth thy ways? and to whom dost thou give account of thy actions; how dost thou order the works of thy hands? Oh! how vain a thing is man when thou turnest thy hand upon him? How often hast thou broken me to pieces? How often hast thou led me through deaths? How hath thy terror many a time seized upon me? and thy dread made me <595> afraid? Thou hast bruised me from morning till night: oh! who may stand before thee, thou judge of all men? In the days of my affliction, how have I roared from morning till night! Then did I seek death but could not find it; and thirst to be covered in darkness, but could not obtain it. I said, I will go down into forgetfulness, but thou would not suffer me. But in thy will thou raised me, and sent me to the nations. A sign and a wonder thou hast made me, and a stranger to them who had well known me. Yea, how often hast thou changed me, so that I have not been known to myself? And thou hast hid me from such as have followed me. Thou hast lifted me up, & I have been exalted, thou hast cast me down, and I have been despised. I have been a scorn to fools that knows not thy ways, and as a prey to the devourer. Then I said, thou hast cast me off; else why am I covered with blackness? But this was my impatience, my haste, and my folly. Thou smilest upon me in the midst thereof, and I was judged; yea, I loathed myself before thee. Oh how hast thou turned me in a moment! Thou liftedst my head out of prison and set me above such as sought to destroy me. Yea, how often hast thou redeemed me from death? how often have I been beset about? Yea, the eyes of evil men have been daily upon me to see my fall. Yea, many a time had I been driven from my steadfastness; but thy promises have been my refuge. Yea, had it not been for thy word, I had despaired of hope; therefore do I love it more than gold. Oh that men knew thy faithfulness! Out of the pit have I cried to thee, and thou heardest me and didst answer out of thy holy place. Then I said, I will fear thee forever, and obey thee till death, because thy word hath strengthened me. Thou turned away thy face, and I became darkness. Then I said, I am forsaken, for thou hast found iniquity in me. Thus have I been as clay in thy hands, and durst not ask thee an account of thy doings. O thou faithful one! how dreadful art thou? how powerful is thy presence? with thy breath dost thou change the world and makest all things new. So dost thou make man forget his travail, and turns his sorrow into a song. Praise the Lord O my soul, while I have a being among the sons of men.
J. N.
A Morning-Song when I being in Prison
at Westminster
Since thou hast drawn me to thee, how doth my soul love thee my God! Since thou hast begotten me to thee, how doth my heart bow before thee my Father? How doth my soul worship thee? How do I delight to live with thee? It is life to abide continually in thy presence, to receive thy commands and do them. Oh how hast thou made me with thy hand and formed me anew with thy free Spirit! so that the tedious ways of wearisomeness is forgotten, and I love to run the way after thee, and to tread thy paths. Surely all the time of my life is too little to serve thee in thy holy ways, my redeemer and my king. Oh! let my soul forever live in thy bosom, that I may continually taste the breathings of thy pure life, which fills my soul with fatness & my heart with pleasure. With tears I have found thee; with joy I live with thee: Oh how am I afraid to lose thee! O how strong is love! I cannot live without thee. Blessed be the day in which thou called me out from my kindred and set a hedge betwixt me and mine acquaintance, that thou might turn me to thyself. Thou set my familiars afar from me, that thou might bring me to thee alone, O my joy! Thou hast set all the world against me, that I might seek thee to take my part. Then did I cry unto thee, and thou wast near; for this was thy purpose concerning me, that I might know thee. In secret didst thou support me lest my faith should fail; yet not in my way, lest I should be exalted and so forget thy fear; yet would never suffer me to want thy goodness. How often hast thou stripped me of all, yea, my dearest friends, who were as my life, were set against me in judgment; this was done that thou might prove me in the fire, to melt me and try me, that thou might bend me for thyself alone. Then did I see how vain a thing is man, how soon is he changed into a lie. I said, To thee alone I commit my cause. Then didst thou draw near and justified me; thou healed my wound with thy anointing, thou poured in thy consolation as oil into my bones, which was dried with sorrow. Thou made me forget all my grief; thou renewed my youth, and my flesh came again as a child; my heart thou madest new within me. A clear vessel didst thou make me after the breaking of the old. Then didst thou fill me with thy goodness; thy word became my food, <597> and the joy of thy Spirit was my strength: I became obedient, and thy love was spread in my heart. My soul is satisfied with thee, my God and my redeemer. Praise the Lord.
J. N.
A Song of Deliverance
Thou hast seen, O my God, thou hast seen it, when the wicked one laid a snare for my feet in the day of my trouble, when he spread his net to take me unawares. In the dark he spread it, he covered it, he said in his heart, he shall not know thereof till I have caught him within my compass, he shall not perceive it; so was I as a bird, innocent, not knowing that it was for my life. Then didst thou show me it, O thou preserver of the helpless; thou said, Hearken unto me, so will I save thee from his subtlety; follow me, so shalt thou escape. Thou led me in a foolish way to the wisdom of the enemy, but I found it a way of peace and safety, and a path of purity in which my soul delighted. With holiness didst thou compass me, and beset me about with salvation. Though mine enemies compassed me about like a flood, yet was my soul in safety. Thou discovered to me the man of mischief, and said in secret: this is he that seeks for thy life. Shall I forget thee my God? Shall I forget thee? Shall not I have thee ever before me? By thy mercy hast thou gained my heart. Thou knowest I love thee; incline thou my heart unto thy fear continually: keep thou me, for my trust is only in thee, so shall I praise thy name forever, and spread thy glory and goodness while I have any being. Praise the Lord O my soul.
J. N.
Evil eyes do watch me, O my God! they come to spy out my ways, who have mischief in their hearts, and according to the mischief of their own hearts, so do they wrest my ways, till they have filled their hearts with envy, the bitterness whereof they vent when they shoot their arrows; they have pierced my soul with lies, wherewith they reproach thy pure ways; they are not afraid to speak evil of thy Spirit. O Lord, wilt thou teach me in innocency, do thou guide me in thy pure path, so shall I not be ashamed when I behold the face of my enemies. Give me not up to the wills of them that seek for my life; rescue my soul, and I shall praise thee, my redeemer, and my God. In thee alone I put <598> my trust: let not the wicked have dominion over the poor and helpless; break the wills of the blood-thirsty man. Thou seest how many have joined hands against me in this day of my trouble, to take my life; yet in thee is my trust. Plead for me, O my God, declare thou my innocency. With cruel jealousy have they wounded me, when they have condemned thy righteous ways. They have done what they could to cause me to disobey thee, and have set themselves to stop my way that I should not follow thee. O my God, thou hast seen it, and hast redeemed me out of their hands, yet have they cast out floods of reproach after me; they have tempted me daily. Hadst not thou holden me up when they caused me to stagger, I had fallen forever; but thy promises was a stay unto me. Oh let me never forget thy faithfulness; let me mention thy name to all that want a refuge.
J. N.
The spring of summer doth appear,
The bud is fresh and green;
The turtle's voice doth sweetly sound;
Our King in Zion's seen.
Shall we not sound this thing abroad?
Shall not we praises sing?
O subtle self! thou hast long withstood
The praises of our King.
But since Zion he hath set up
By power of his own,
To all the citizens thereof
Our God and King is known.
What we have seen we spread abroad,
What we both feel and know,
Which hath the vessels filled with praise,
Like floods that overflow.
The heavens above, the earth below,
Doth both in praises meet.
Righteousness runs down, truth springs up,
And doth each other greet.
Purity hath put forth her voice,
And love doth loudly cry,
Innocency a trumpet sounds
To all the passers by.
Holiness from heaven is sounded forth
Unto our God alone.
Peace is proclaim'd; in purity
Our King is on his throne.
The heathen rage to hear thereof,
The kings together flock,
And all the world doth set themselves
To overturn this Rock
From whence these waters doth descend,
That makes this fruitful sound;
For his appearance none can bear
Who in self and sin are found.
So such with sand this flood would stop,
With earth our wells would fill;
And thousands are together set,
Who seeks this Seed to spill.
Yet shall we sit and sing thy praise
Whilst we a being have,
Though all the world do us withstand
Whose souls are in the grave.
Oh Holy! Holy! Holy! still
Both night and day we cry;
Thy song most sweet, thy praises pure
Shall cause our foes to fly.
O Zion safe! how art thou set
Upon a hill most high?
Thy life not known, thy joys are hid
From all that pass thee by.
Thy babes are plants of holiness;
God's husbandry thou art;
Yet all dark powers of wickedness
Against thee take a part.
By day the evil tidings came,
By night the arrows fly.
Yet in thy house I safety have
Within thy temple high.
J. N.
The End
Editor's Note
a. This pamphlet has no title page and is known by its opening words: "O England thy Time is Come." Its authors are James Nayler, Martha Simmonds, Hannah Stranger and William Tomlinson; its date may be inferred from the title of the third Nayler section ("A Morning Song when I being in Prison at Westminster") to be around December 1656, since Nayler had never been in prison at Westminster until he was sent there from Bristol to be tried by Parliament. This is the only public statement by Nayler and his companions at that time.
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Case Studies 2021 02 19 15h28 35
Transforming care for a sick child with congenital heart defects
Case Study
• Cardiology
CHDs affect nearly 1% of―or about 40,000―births per year in the United States. About 1 in 4 babies with a CHD have a condition that is serious enough to require significant treatment before their first birthday.
The most common type of heart defect is a ventricular septal defect (VSD) - a condition which affects 42 of every 10,000 newborn babies. Many VSDs are small and close on their own, however in some cases there are further complications, such as in this case, where surgical intervention is often required.
A baby boy presented with a combination of heart defects including a large complex inlet VSD, an aortic arch hypoplasia caused by an undeveloped aorta, a coarctation caused by a narrowing of the aorta, and a small left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction of the aortic annulus.
The complex nature of this baby’s multiple heart defects meant that the complications weren’t just affecting his heart - but his lungs too. The baby’s left lung had collapsed and his right lung was also impacted, making it difficult for him to breathe.
The doctors had to prepare for a complex surgery, a biventricular repair with VSD closure, to remove the damaged aortic valve and replace it with a pulmonary valve. A 3D printed model of the boy’s heart was requested to enable the surgeons to confirm the safest, most effective surgical plan.
The model proved incredibly helpful in enabling the team to decide on one repair being possible in comparison to another and allowing all members of the team to have the one view on the patient's heart before stepping foot in the operating room.
The benefits of having the model didn’t stop at the operating room. With the prospect of their child going through open-heart surgery undoubtedly causing anxietites for his family, the doctors were able to fully inform and educate the family on his condition and why their actions were not only critical, but the safest and best route to his recovery.
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Quick Answer: Is Any Country A True Democracy?
What countries have a true democracy?
Democracy Index by country 2019RankCountryFunctioning of government1Norway9.642Iceland9.293Sweden9.644New Zealand9.2924 more rows.
Which country is the father of democracy?
neːs]) was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC. For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as “the father of Athenian democracy.” He was a member of the aristocratic Alcmaeonid clan.
Which country has largest democracy in the world?
Is the US a true democracy?
Eugene Volokh of the UCLA School of Law notes that the United States exemplifies the varied nature of a constitutional republic—a country where some decisions (often local) are made by direct democratic processes, while others (often federal) are made by democratically elected representatives.
How does democracy allow us to correct our own mistakes?
The advantage in a democracy is that such mistakes cannot be hidden for long. There is a space for public discussion on these mistakes. And there is room for correction. Either the rulers have to change their decisions, or the rulers can be changed.
Why no country is a perfect democracy?
Answer : No country is a perfect democracy as every democracy has to realise the ideals of democratic decisionmaking. This cannot be achieved once and for all. This requires a constant effort to save and strengthen democratic forms of decisionmaking.
Is Switzerland a pure democracy?
Direct democracy is one of the special features of the Swiss political system. … In Switzerland the people play a large part in the federal political decision-making process. All Swiss citizens aged 18 and over have the right to vote in elections and referendums.
Which country is example of perfect democracy?
IndiaIndia is an best example of perfect democracy. Because India is a democratic country. IN INDIA ALL CITIZENS HAVE EQUAL RIGHT FOR ALL.
Why Saudi Arabia Cannot be called democratic country?
It cannot be called a democratic country because the ruler of saudi arabia is a king and the king is not selected by the people. There are no election held in this country. People dont have the right to vote.
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In the past, many animal shelters struggled to keep up with the influx of homeless animals in need of families. To that end, they have created foster programs whereby foster caregivers are willing to help out with the responsibilities of caring for these animals until permanent homes can be found. However, the onset of the global pandemic has changed animal sheltering.
With the need to self-quarantine, many people are experiencing the effects of isolation on their mental health. Adopting a pet provides companionship and unconditional love which can help reduce the mental health impacts of COVID-19-related isolation.
There has been a significant increase in the number of adoption applications all over the country. Instead of many animals awaiting adoption, there are scores of eager adopters waiting for their chance to adopt a pet. For those looking to adopt, many animal shelters have changed their visitation policies. Due to the increased safety precautions, most shelters require appointments to visit their pets and preapproved online applications. In providing online adoption applications, the staff can also reduce the time you will have to spend inside the shelter. Some shelters will even bring the animal to you.
While the pandemic has had devastating effects on people throughout the world, there’s no denying it has had benefits for homeless dogs and cats in the United States. There are far fewer animals waiting for homes in shelters now that people have more time at home as well as a greater need for the love and companionship they provide. It has never been easier to adopt a pet, provided your local shelter still has homeless pets looking for their forever homes.
Bio Card 1 - Cate Lemmond
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Dough means "that which is moistened"; batter means "that which is beaten."
One measure of liquid with one to one and a half measures of flour makes a thin or pour-batter.
One measure of liquid to two measures or a little more of flour makes a thick or drop-batter.
A mixture stiff enough to be handled on a board is a dough.
One measure of liquid to two and two-thirds measures of flour makes a soft dough.
One measure of liquid to three or more measures of flour makes a stiff dough.
What kind of batter is the popover mixture? What kind of mixture will the recipe for biscuit make?
Ingredients; Means Of Lightening; Shortening
A mixture of flour and water or flour and milk alone would be, when cooked, hard and unpalatable. We have found that the introduction of carbon dioxide makes it light and porous, and that, in a watery batter cooked by intense heat, the steam produced puffs the batter up. Eggs stiffen batters. (See Muffin Recipes.) With very glutinous flour (pp. 116 and 120) eggs are unnecessary except to make the bread richer. Fat shortens bread; i.e., makes it more tender by separating the starch-grains of the flour. Butter gives a fine flavor; but less expensive kinds of shortening may often be used. (See p. 225.)
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Cuckoo-Filter #
Introduction #
A Cuckoo filter is a space-saving probabilistic data structure that checks whether an element is contained in a set. False-positive matches are possible, but false-negative matches are not. Thus, a query returns either “possibly in the set” or “definitely not in the set”. A Cuckoo filter can also delete existing items, which is not supported by Bloom filters. In addition, for applications that store many elements and aim for a moderately low false positive rate, Cuckoo filters can have a smaller footprint than space-optimized Bloom filters.
Alternatives are Counting Bloom Filter, Blocked Bloom Filter, d-left Counting Bloom Filter, Quotient Filter.
The description of this filter comes from the paper Cuckoo Filter: Practically Better Than Bloom unless otherwise noted.
Functionality #
The Cuckoo filter is a compact variant of a Cuckoo hash table that stores only fingerprints (hash) of the data, instead of key/value pairs.
The size of the fingerprint depends on the false positive rate. The lower the false positive rate should be, the longer the fingerprint must be.
Cuckoo hashing #
There are two hash functions and one fingerprint function. The following then happens during insertion:
1. Calculation of the first index to find the first bucket. Check if free, then insert and end.
2a) Calculation of the second index to find the second bucket. Check if free, then insert and end.
2b) If not free: swap the existing element with the new element and try to place the original element into its other bucket. If both buckets again are not free start with next element at 1. If last element is not placeable abort, otherwise end.\
An extension is that a bucket contains multiple elements that are linearly concatenated.
Cuckoo Filter Insert #
Since cuckoo hashing may require recalculation on insertion, the original element would have to be present. Since space must be saved, the recalculation must be based solely on the fingerprint.
The hash functions are:
\[h1(x) = hash(x)\] \[h2(x) = h1(x) \oplus hash(fingerprint of x)\]
Since the fingerprint is stored in the filter, the index of the other bucket can be calculated from the index of the current bucket ( \(h_1\) or \(h_2\) ) and the fingerprint. This is a property of \(\oplus\) (XOR).
The pseudocode looks like this:
fingerprint = fingerprint(x);
bucket_index1 = hash(x);
bucket_index2 = bucket_index1 XOR hash(fingerprint);
if bucket[bucket_index1] or bucket[bucket_index2] == empty then
add fingerprint to this bucket;
return Done;
// Relocation if no bucket fits
bucket_index = randomly pick bucket_index1 or bucket_index2 ;
for n = 0; n < MaxNumKicks; n++ do
swap fingerprint of x and the fingerprint stored in bucket;
bucket_index = bucket_index XOR hash(fingerprint_swapped_fingerprint);
if bucket[bucket_index] has an empty entry then
add fingerprint to bucket[bucket_index];
return Done;
// Hashtable is full
return Failure;
Cuckoo Filter Delete #
Deletion is possible in this filter. The two indices are calculated. If one of the buckets contains the fingerprint, it can be deleted.
Cuckoo Filter Lookup #
The two indices are calculated. If one of the buckets contains the fingerprint, the filter contains the element.
Calendar September 21, 2021
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How to help reduce the air pollution?
There’s nothing like opening the door and breathing fresh, clean, air—but how clean is the air you’re breathing right now?
In the most big cities the air is polluted, but together we can change it! 🙂
What is air pollution?
Air pollution is a gas (or a liquid or solid dispersed through ordinary air) released in a big enough quantity to harm the health of people or other animals, kill plants or stop them growing properly, damage or disrupt some other aspect of the environment (such as making buildings crumble), or cause some other kind of nuisance (reduced visibility, perhaps, or an unpleasant odor).
What are the causes?
Anything people do that involves burning things , using household or industrial chemicals (substances that cause chemical reactions and may release toxic gases in the process), or producing large amounts of dust has the potential to cause air pollution.
1. Some factories and Heat Power Stations, which we don’t know what they are burning.
2.Cars – there are millions of cars on the road everyday!
3.In the winter – people are burning coals in order to warm their households. The smoke it’s really bad and toxic for us.
The combustion of coal releases mercury, so think twice before considering using it.
4.The worst is the poorest households are burning garbage, such as: tires, plastic things, pvc window frames and etc.
How can we decrease the pollution?
Well, at least we can do is to decrease the usage of our cars. I know in winter is nicer, hotter and sometimes faster to use our cars, but try to use more the public transport and whenever is possible bicycles. If you want to use a taxi, I recommend you using Spark. That’s electrical rental car. You are helping decreasing the air pollution and you don’t pay for charging the car, it’s free.
Don’t use coals for heating!
Don’t burn any shit! We are all breathing it.
What effects does air pollution have?
Air pollution can harm the health of people and animals, damage crops or stop them growing properly, and make our world unpleasant and unattractive in a variety of other ways.
Human health
We know air pollution is a bad thing without even thinking about it. Have you ever coughed when a truck drove past belching out its sooty exhaust? Instinctively, you cough to clear your lungs and protect your body and you might even cover your face with your handkerchief or sleeve to filter the air until it feels safe to breathe deeply again. You don’t have to be told that pollution like this might harm your health to want to steer clear of it: your body takes action automatically. The only trouble is, we can’t always see or smell air pollution, tell when it’s affecting us, or know how it might harm us days, months, or even years in the future.
Tip: Buy a mask with a filter even if you are not cycling 🙂 It’s very useful in big cities and in case of smog.
Thank you for reading my post and I hope that you learned something and I inspired you to change your habits a bit 🙂
I would love to hear your ideas and thoughts about the air pollution! 😉
Credits to
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Summer is about to kick off and you are probably getting excited as you watch your garden come alive in vibrant greens. Soon, your plants will produce flowers! Any gardener, whether hobby or professional, dreams of a profusion of non-stop blooms and big fat buds all season. Imagine if you could make those fantasies a reality? Well, you can! Give your buds and blooms a boost with phosphorus and potassium!
Phosphorus and Potassium During the Flowering Stage
A plant’s life cycle is always focused on reproduction and flowering is a crucial stage. Most home gardeners are familiar with the importance of nitrogen. It helps promote vegetative growth and turns your lawn a brilliant green. However, too much vegetation on a plant is a bad thing. The plant spends all its time and energy growing foliage and then has extraordinarily little reserves remaining to flower.
Over-fertilizing with nitrogen is one of the main reasons why gardeners achieve very few blooms and weak buds. Ideally, you should only use nitrogen during the plant’s vegetative growth, and then it’s time to switch things up for the next stage – flowering and bud production. Phosphorus and potassium are needed to create a profusion of blooms. Luckily, our formula the ‘Humboldts Secret Flower Stacker’ is a specialized phosphorus and potassium formula.
Understanding the Importance of Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a key nutrient needed by your plants to grow a strong root system, develop flowers, and produce fruit. Providing the correct amount of phosphorus to your plants during the flowering stage is an essential bloom booster.
The Importance of Potassium
Potassium is used by the plant for metabolism. It also helps to fuel the root system’s growth and increase the size of flowers and fruit. Without a doubt, potassium is a crucial nutrient that all plants need. Sadly, soil can quickly become depleted of the potassium if you are growing outdoors. Adding potassium is a necessity whether you are growing hydroponically or in soil. With certain plants, potassium during flowering is crucial to increase yield by stimulating flower bud formation. Without adequate potassium, you will never achieve robust buds and your harvest will be subpar.
A Balanced Fertilizer
Now that we have covered the importance of phosphorus and potassium for flowering, you might think that you can create your own formula or buy any brand of fertilizer, but this is not the case. Plants need a balanced blend of both phosphorus and potassium. Too little or too much of a good thing is harmful to growth and might hinder blooming. Humboldts Secret Flower Stacker works perfectly for hydroponics or soil gardening.
What is Special About Humboldts Secret Flower Stacker?
All the ingredients that go into Humboldts Secret Flower Stacker work together to help your plants thrive and promote maximum flower production along with ample aroma. In addition, the formula contains vitamin B1 which helps with transplant shock, aids in rooting, and assists with growth while stimulating early flowering and the setting of fruit.
With Humboldts Secret Flower Stacker you can increase your plant’s flowering ability by 30 percent! You’ll be able to enjoy ample blooms all summer and even clip the flowers to make fragrant bouquets. Also, everyone will be amazed at the size of your buds. If you are cultivating a garden for produce, then you also depend on proficient flower production for an impressive harvest, so you’ll be astonished at your yield.
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I always thought that talent means someone that is super gifted or extraordinarily capable; simply because the word “talented” means “gifted and brilliant” in dictionary. But what does it means to be a talent? How can you know you are a talent? What can you do to measure up to the organization you work for?
Skill 1: Associating
This is the ability to connect things together. The things come from various sources, different fields and disciplines, unrelated questions, problems or ideas. To achieve this state one must have diverse experience, knowledge and backgrounds because this is helpful for the brain to work up all these seemingly different stuffs but sum it into specific thing which I called “new idea”. Some called it “Medici Effect”.
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Barter trade and its merits
This refers to exchange of goods and services for goods and services.this trade has several drawbacks.
1. It is difficult to estimate the value of one good with another
2. It depended on double coincidence of wants between traders.
3. Perishability of some commodities tomatoes,fruits and milk could go bad very easily hence could not be stored.
4. Divisibility aspect was a problem i.e. it wasn’t easy to divide some commodities into smaller goods.
5. Portability – it was difficult to transport goods since some were heavy and bulky.
1. Buyers and sellers are able to get the goods and services they require immediately after the exchange.
2. A country/person is able to dispose off the surplus.
3. Promotes social relations among the trading communities,through negotiations
4. Promotes specialization in the production of goods and services i.e. concentrate on what you can offer best.
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Columns » Art Lessons
Reimagine van Gogh's 'Starry Night' With This Art Project
Bhavik, 8, Crayola markers
• Bhavik, 8, Crayola markers
When post-impressionist Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh created his renowned painting "The Starry Night" — rendering the night sky with swirling brushstrokes of blue and gold — he brought to life his own unique vision. Though the night sky and the starlit landscape below it would have been largely still apart from, perhaps, some wind rippling the fields and trees, van Gogh's painting comes alive with movement. Through his painting, we see the world through his eyes, alight with motion, vivid color and infinite beauty.
This interpretive aspect of van Gogh's work — his tendency to take creative liberties with the lines, tones and textures of the world around him, rather than painting it exactly as it appears — is one of the things that makes his art so noteworthy.
William, 5, oil pastels and watercolors
• William, 5, oil pastels and watercolors
In one of my favorite art projects I've done with students over the years, we observe the work of van Gogh and consider originality and interpretation in art. Then, with "The Starry Night" as inspiration, my students exercise their own imaginations and creative powers, reinterpreting the famous painting. I have done this project with artists of all ages, from kindergarten to eighth grade.
After my students give their first impressions of the famous painting, sharing what they notice and what they wonder, I instruct them to observe the composition of the painting — the scale and placement of the cypress tree in relation to the faraway town and mountains beyond.
We discuss foreground (the part of the picture that appears nearest, or closest to the "front" of the image), middle ground (that which appears to be in the middle of the space portrayed) and background (the part of the picture that seems farthest away and is also usually smaller in scale). Then students begin to think about what their own reimaginings of the scene might look like, planning images that retain the composition or organization of van Gogh's original painting but transform the scene. Students imagine how they might replace each part of the painting with new colors or subjects to create their own original work of art.
Claire, 8, Crayola markers and oil pastels
• Claire, 8, Crayola markers and oil pastels
Some students might envision an urban starry night, with a skyscraper in place of the cypress tree and city buildings in place of the little village that van Gogh painted. Other students might change the season or the time of day in their reinterpretations, filling their artwork with fall leaves and autumnal colors, or turning the starry night sky into a sunset swirling with cotton-candy-pink clouds.
As they brainstorm and sketch, I share examples of surrealist art with my classes, as well, encouraging them to go beyond the bounds of reality in their reimagining of van Gogh's work by including fantastical details. For example, students might replace the cypress tree with a giant ice cream cone, or with a dark tower with eyes as windows. Instead of stars, students might fill their skies with peppermints, hot-air balloons, spaceships or clocks!
Like van Gogh, students can create their reimagined landscapes as they see them in their mind's eye — limited only by their own imaginations.
Getting Started
Mikaela, 12, oil pastels
• Mikaela, 12, oil pastels
This project can be done with oil pastel or acrylic paint to mimic the texture and swirling sky in van Gogh's painting, but it can also be adapted for any artistic style or medium. I have had students do this project with oil pastel, with markers, and even with crayon and watercolor paint.
Suggested materials: thick drawing paper, oil pastels
Optional materials: markers, crayons, watercolor paint, tempera paint
1. Look carefully at van Gogh's original painting "The Starry Night." (Find it at any of the sites listed under Additional Resources.) Notice which parts of the painting look closer and which parts look farther away.
2. On your piece of paper, you might wish to lightly sketch shapes and lines to mimic the composition or organization of van Gogh's painting. You can lightly draw a big isosceles triangle or a tall skinny rectangle on the left side to represent his cypress tree. You might lightly sketch circles in the sky where van Gogh painted stars and the moon. You might lightly outline the hills in the background and sketch a faint box around the space where van Gogh painted the little town.
3. Brainstorm! How will you change and reimagine the original painting? Will your scene also be set under a starry sky, or perhaps under a blue sky swirling with clouds? Will you instead create a sunset? What tall item will you draw on the left side of the foreground, in place of the cypress tree? Will you also draw hills in the background, or will you transform them into waves, buildings, trees or giant scoops of ice cream?! You might choose to sketch out a few different ideas before you choose what you will draw.
4. Begin to draw details and create your own reimagining of "The Starry Night." If you want, you can mimic van Gogh's brushstrokes by using short, repeated strokes of watercolor or tempera paint, or by drawing repeated dashes with marker, crayon or oil pastel.
Pro tip: Use a few different colors of oil pastel to create dashes that all flow in the same direction, forming a swirl in the sky. Then use a white oil pastel to carefully color over the dashes, moving the white oil pastel in the same direction. This will smudge and blur your colored dashes so they resemble a swirl of paint.
5. Continue adding details and color to your picture until it is complete!
Additional resources:
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What is a Blue Vein Society?
The Blue Vein Society
Blue Vein Society- Image Source: Facebook Community
The Blue Vein Society is a group of people who have skin that is light enough to see the blue veins under it.
They are an elitist group that wants to assimilate to improve their own standing.
Since the end of the 19th century, various groups of black people with pale complexions formed blue vein societies.
In US cities, they formed several self-proclaimed Blue Vein Societies, representing the small Black upper and upper-middle classes.
The first Blue Veins were a small group of coloured people that formed early after the war.
Its goal was to build and maintain proper social norms among a group of people whose social situation had a lot of opportunity for development.
The civilization comprised individuals who were, on average, more white than black, either due to chance or some innate affinity.
Whereas some jealous outsider suggested that anyone who was not white enough to display blue veins was ineligible for membership.
Since then they established the society as the “Blue Vein Society” and its members as the “Blue Veins”.
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What do you think?
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Question: What Is The Ratio Of Clorox To Water For Disinfecting?
What does airborne transmission of COVID-19 mean?
See full answerAirborne transmission is defined as the spread of an infectious agent caused by the dissemination of droplet nuclei (aerosols) that remain infectious when suspended in air over long distances and time.
(11) Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur during medical procedures that generate aerosols (“aerosol generating procedures”).(12) WHO, together with the scientific community, has been actively discussing and evaluating whether SARS-CoV-2 may also spread through aerosols in the absence of aerosol generating procedures, particularly in indoor settings with poor ventilation..
Are the elderly more vulnerable to the coronavirus disease?
The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the global population in drastic ways. In many countries, older people are facing the most threats and challenges at this time. Although all age groups are at risk of contracting COVID-19, older people face significant risk of developing severe illness if they contract the disease due to physiological changes that come with ageing and potential underlying health conditions.
Can COVID-19 be transmitted through breast milk?
At present, data are not sufficient to conclude vertical transmission of COVID-19 through breastfeeding. In infants, the risk of COVID-19 infection is low, the infection is typically mild or asymptomatic, while the consequences of not breastfeeding and separation between mother and child can be significant. At this point it appears that COVID-19 in infants and children represents a much lower threat to survival and health than other infections that breastfeeding is protective against.
How dangerous is COVID-19?
Can the coronavirus spread via feces?
Can the coronavirus disease be transmitted in hot or humid climates?
Is the coronavirus disease a pandemic?
Can COVID-19 be transmitted through feces or urine?
Who is at risk for serious problems from Covid 19?
What is the recovery time for the coronavirus disease?
Fabric masks are recommended to prevent onward transmission in the general population in public areas, particularly where distancing is not possible, and in areas of community transmission. This could include the school grounds in some situations. Masks may help to protect others, because wearers may be infected before symptoms of illness appear. The policy on wearing a mask or face covering should be in line with national or local guidelines. Where used, masks should be worn, cared for and disposed of properly.
Can coronavirus disease spread through raw food?
Can you contract the coronavirus disease by touching a surface?
Can people be contagious during pre- symptomatic period of coronavirus disease?
Preliminary data suggests that people may be more contagious around the time of symptom onset as compared to later on in the disease. The incubation period for COVID-19, which is the time between exposure to the virus (becoming infected) and symptom onset, is on average 5-6 days, however can be up to 14 days.During this period, also known as the “pre- symptomatic” period, some infected persons can be contagious. Therefore, transmission from a pre-symptomatic case can occur before symptom onset.
How can I protect myself and others when using disinfectants?
Disinfectant solutions should always be prepared in well-ventilated areas. Wash your hands after using any disinfectant, including surface wipes. Keep lids tightly closed when not in use. Spills and accidents are more likely to happen when containers are open. Do not allow children to use disinfectant wipes. Keep cleaning fluids and disinfectants out of the reach of children and pets.Throw away disposable items like gloves and masks if they are used during cleaning. Do not clean and re-use.Do not use disinfectant wipes to clean hands or as baby wipes.
How do I disinfect surfaces during the coronavirus disease pandemic?
In non-health care settings, sodium hypochlorite (bleach / chlorine) may be used at a recommended concentration of 0.1% or 1,000ppm (1 part of 5% strength household bleach to 49 parts of water). Alcohol at 70-90% can also be used for surface disinfection. Surfaces must be cleaned with water and soap or a detergent first to remove dirt, followed by disinfection.Cleaning should always start from the least soiled (cleanest) area to the most soiled (dirtiest) area in order to not spread the dirty to areas that are less soiled.
Can the coronavirus disease spread through sewage?
What is the most likely ecological reservoirs for coronavirus disease?
Are public systems for disinfecting individuals (spraying in tunnels or chambers) recommended?
Spraying of individuals with disinfectants (such as in a tunnel, cabinet, or chamber) is not recommended under any circumstances. This practice could be physically and psychologically harmful and would not reduce an infected person’s ability to spread the virus through droplets or contact. Even if someone who is infected with COVID-19 goes through a disinfection tunnel or chamber, as soon as they start speaking, coughing or sneezing they can still spread the virus.
Can COVID-19 be transmitted through food?
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Where and when was the subway invented?
Posted on Jan 12, 2021 171
The subway is rail transport with tracks running away from the streets, most often underground.
The first subway line was built in London (Great Britain). It was only 3.6 km long and was launched January 10, 1863. It was built by “Metropolitan Railway” company, which means. From this name came the word “subway”, which is used to this day in many countries.
Who came up with the idea to run trains underground and why it was needed?
By the middle of XIX century traveler could get from London’s stations almost anywhere in England. But within the city itself people moved mainly by horse and carriage. Railway routes to London did not reach the principal business and shopping center of the city. There were no convenient ways to get from one station to another.
In 1843, under the direction of Isambard Brunel, a tunnel under the Thames was opened. This discovery proved the convenience and reliability of the underground railroad. And then London’s solicitor Charles Pearson in 1846 made a proposal to lay underground lines connecting the city’s major railway stations. In 1853, the North Metropolitan Railway Co. was created, and in January 1860 the first tunnel was dug in Easton Square.
The first subway line had 7 stations, and the trip lasted 33 minutes. The cars had gas lighting, which the Daily Telegraph reported was so bright you could easily read a newspaper. On the opening day 6 locomotives pulling 4 cars each left every 15 minutes and made 120 round trips and carried 30,000 passengers during that time. Convenience of transportation exceeded all expectations, and in the same 1863 was built in London, a ring line length of 30 km. It opened on 1 October 1868 and intersected with the first branch at South Kensington station. Thus for the first time it became possible to transfer from one underground line to another.
At first the trains were pulled by steam locomotives running on coke (coal). That is why the trains spit out puffs of sulfur smoke in the tunnel. On November 4, 1890, steam traction was replaced by electric traction.
At first, people used elevators to go down the subway, but with the invention of the escalator in 1911, the number of elevators decreased. One escalator could replace five elevators. Escalators put an end to the queues in London Underground stations.
A second subway was opened in New York City in 1868. It was an elevated line, but the first elevated sections didn’t survive and were replaced by underground ones.
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RESETing Your Knowledge: How Your Mental Health Affects Your Physical Health
Recently, mental health has been a hot topic of conversation. What it is, how to take care of it — but what is almost never discussed is how your mental health can affect your physical health and vice versa. The separation of "mental" and "physical" health has created a misconception that they are two individual entities, even though they go hand in hand. In fact, the World Health Organization defines "health" as a "state of complete physical, mental and social well-being". But just how entwined are they? We’re here to clear it up for you.
Mental Health Impacts Your Physical Health
Many of us don’t even realize how common mental illness is: one in five adults experiences some type of mental illness within their lifetime, impacting things like their mood, thinking, and behavior. So the question is how can mental illness affect your physical wellness? Well, poor mental health affects your ability to make healthy choices. Take smoking, for example. People suffering from depression have low levels of dopamine, the chemical that encourages positive feelings in your brain. The nicotine in cigarettes triggers dopamine production in small amounts, so each cigarette gives a smoker quick moments of relief. But since the relief is only temporary, the shot of dopamine encourages a person to smoke more often and can lead to addiction.
Along with the dangers of addiction, neglecting your mental health can lead to other complications such as heart disease, high blood pressure, gastronomical problems, and even premature death. Depression has been linked to an almost 50% increase in the risk of dying from cancer, and a 67% increase in heart disease. The Mental Health Foundation reported that one reason for this is that people suffering from mental health conditions aren’t as likely to seek care for their physical health that could identify health concerns early on.
In a study of over 200 articles done by Harvard University in 2012, researchers noticed that optimism may correlate with cardiovascular health. It could even decrease the rate of a cardiovascular disease’s progression. Julia Boehm, a research fellow at Harvard, stated that in comparison, the most optimistic individuals had 50% less risk of a cardiovascular health emergency than the less optimistic people in the same study.
Mental Health and Sleep
One of the most common physical effects of mental health is sleep. You’ve heard people talk about how they were up all night because of stress about a huge project, or that their depression kept them asleep for most of the day. Statistically, up to 80% of people with mental health conditions also have sleeping problems, while only up to 18% percent of the general population does. It’s a vicious cycle because while conditions like depression and anxiety lead to sleep problems, sleep problems can also make mental health conditions worse.
While depression has been known to cause chronic fatigue and insomnia, lack of sleep also can contribute to depression. Researchers have suggested in early-stage research that treating insomnia early could be an effective measure in combating depression. In a study that looked at 3,700 participants, researchers treated some participants with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help their insomnia. They noticed that those who received the CBT also showed reductions in depression, anxiety, and nightmares.
If you’re struggling with sleep, take a look at our National Sleep Week blog post to learn more about the importance of a good night’s sleep!
Mental Health and Chronic Conditions
People diagnosed with a chronic disease experience long-lasting symptoms as well as mental symptoms such as exhaustion, fear, and resentment. It’s often hard for chronically ill people to cope with both the pain and mental health challenges. About a third of people diagnosed with a chronic illness show symptoms of depression such as sleep problems, low mood, and a loss of interest in their hobbies. Mental health conditions also make it harder to deal with chronic illness.
While getting the diagnosis of a chronic condition could affect your mental health negatively, did you know that some mental health conditions could lead to chronic conditions? Depression and schizophrenia affect the body’s resistance to insulin, which predisposes the body to type 2 diabetes.
Many chronic conditions have overlapping symptoms of mental health issues, such as depression and heart disease, which share symptoms such as fatigue and low energy. These mirrored symptoms can often lead to something called diagnostic overshadowing, which means that many times the mental health of chronic illness patients go overlooked because of the symptoms they share.
Overall, taking care of your mental health is just as important as taking care of your physical health, though sometimes it gets overlooked. Take a look at our past blog posts on how to combat stress to get some ideas on how to take the first step toward resetting your mental health.
Shop our water-based cannabinoid drops designed to give you a boost to your water while you go get active today!
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Even frogs sometimes have frogs in their throats.
Around midday on 24 February, a woman in her 20s was visiting Senju Kannondo, a temple dedicated to the goddess of mercy that’s nestled between the Sai River and foot of Mt. Kubote in Buzen, Fukuoka Prefecture. While enjoying the serenity of the area, she heard the faint sound of a dog barking.
▼ Senju Kannon in Buzen
The sound led her to a crack in the mountain wall behind the temple’s worship hall where spring water dripped out. She was unable to see anything but could distinctly hear sounds like “grrrr,” “yip yip,” and “woof.” Fearing that an animal was trapped she placed a call to Japan’s emergency number, 110.
Two officers rushed to the scene and searched around but were unable to find any dog. However, all three could distinctly hear a dog barking somewhere very close. Just then a local in his 50s passed by and told them matter-of-factly that “It’s probably those barking frogs.” He then left the trio who were feeling stunned and slightly embarrassed.
Sure enough, there is such a creature called the Tago frog, also known as “Tago’s brown frog,” after Japanese zoologist Katsuya Tago, which is endemic to Japan and inhabits mountainous areas. By all accounts they resemble your average frog, measuring three to four centimeters (1.2 to 1.6 inches) in length, but when mating season comes between February and April the males “bark” and growl just like dogs in order to attract females.
▼ Have a listen.
It seemed most urban dwelling people who read the news also had to check what these frogs sound like and hear it for themselves.
“I checked a website with Tago frog calls and, yeah, they sound like dogs.”
“I saw the story on TV, and the host cracked up when she heard how the frogs sound.”
“Tago frogs usually hide so you can hear them but not see them. I never heard them during mating season though.”
“Ah the frogs are barking. It must be spring…”
Some people on Twitter also shared their run-ins with Tago frogs to give us a very good idea of what the woman and officers were experiencing on that fateful day.
“Today I was walking at the bottom of the mountain. The Tago frogs are here and there, so is it spring already? I can hear them calling. The fun season is almost here.”
So, if you’re out in the Japanese mountains and hear what sounds like a dog trapped in the rocks, it might actually be just the sound of sweet frog love in full bloom… But maybe look into it anyway, because there could very well be a dog trapped in the rocks too.
Source: Nishi Nippon Shimbun
Top image: YouTube/popos077
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Monday, June 24, 2019
Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain: Chapter Two Reflections
- Cesar Chavez
As I read the opening quote of chapter two, one I copied at the top of the page, I was reminded of a wish I had as a child. I always wished I could morph myself into people of other cultures and live amongst them to learn about their lives. I remember having this wish early on as we drove past high apartment building towers in New York City. I wanted to know first-hand what it was like to live in one of those towers. I found myself imagining that. Later as I learned about people all over the world, I found myself wishing that I could experience being a Native American person living on a reservation, a Muslim mother in a Turkish town, an Aborigine in Australia, a farm girl on a midwestern farm, and more. While I have a deep sense of pride and love for my own roots as the descendent of Irish and Polish immigrants who grew up in a warm, working class neighborhood as part of a big family in an industrial Northeast city in the United States, I also have keenly felt the limitations of my experience, an experience that is only one kind of experience in a world of multiple cultures, ways of living, and experiences. That's one reason why I'm drawn to social media, reading, research, and travel--I like to learn about our differences and commonalities as a people, and as an educator it is my aim to respect, learn from, and grow with the many diverse students and families I work with each and every year. That's why I was originally drawn to the #crttb Twitter slow chat, a chat focused on the shared reading, reflections, and share related to the book, Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain by Zaretta Hammond.
To prepare for reading chapter two, I first read an article about how to mitigate and eliminate white supremacist attitudes/actions at school. It was an article sent to me by a colleague I respect for her courage and deep study related to the struggle with racism in schools. Then I looked at this week's focus questions:
The solutions for closing the achievement-gap (opportunity gap) lie in tapping into children's cultures. To do this, educators have to build background knowledge and awareness related to culture.
Hammond points out that culture is the way that every brain makes sense of the world. The brain uses cultural information to turn everyday happenings into meaningful events.
It was very interesting and helpful to read about the differences between surface culture, shallow culture, and deep culture, and to understand that our core mental models created by our cultures stay with us--these mental models are the schema with which we interpret the world.
Since I've been studying about cultural proficiency and culturally responsive teaching, I have found myself often self-coaching related to the schema I have. For example, I might think to myself, my initial reaction to the situation is __________, but I know this is based on ___________, and the truth of the matter is _________________ so I will act _______________________________________. This helps me to coach myself away from a reaction based on my deep culture/schema to a reaction based on new knowledge, understanding, and equity.
To teach a culturally diverse group of students well, we have to focus on the roots of culture: worldview, core beliefs, and group values. Hammond helps us to think about the roots of culture through a discussion on cultural archetypes. First, she discusses the the common cultural archetype connected with collectivism vs. individualism. She also focused on oral vs. written traditions. Hammond further discusses implicit bias (the kind of bias and stereotypes that are hard wired in us from our cultural roots) and structural racialization that focuses on the interplay of social and institutional practices that may negatively impact particular groups in our organizations, communities, and nation. As I think of structural racialization, I wonder about the structures in place where I work that distance students from successful independent learning, higher order thinking, and overall success in the school community. As I think of this and read Hammond's words, I immediately think about the potential that exists if we bridge the geography divide, ensure that all students are working with qualified staff, and provide other supports that give every child the opportunity to succeed. It's interesting to me that Hammond sees the achievement gap as a gap between dependent learners and independent learners. I want to read more about this.
Hammond demonstrates the difference between poverty and sociopolitcal context as she describes the myth of poverty and the reality of sociopolitical context. She describes poverty as the condition or symptom of structural inequities built into our social and economic systems. I remember learning about this a long time ago, and what made it the most clear to me was the idea of the "old-boy network" - a network of advantage that some are connected to and some are not, and to not be connected to this system of economic advantage often holds people back from opportunity. To see poverty as culture promotes deficit thinking and demonstrates a lack of true understanding of what poverty is, why it exists, and the impact of institutionalized racism, structural racialization, skin color privilege, or language discrimination. We have to understand how we create intellectual apartheid in schools in order to build intellective capacity (intellective capacity is the increased power the brain creates to process complex information more effectively). To do this, as Hammond guides in chapter one, teachers have to be well-versed in brain science and cultural understanding.
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Features | Diplomacy | South Asia
India and Iran: Challenges and Opportunity
The nuclear deal opens the door for India, but its neighbors have their own plans.
India and Iran: Challenges and Opportunity
Credit: REUTERS/Adnan Abidi
The strategic map of Iran’s immediate neighborhood will change dramatically following the landmark nuclear deal between Iran and the P5+1. Given the tremendous geostrategic stakes involved, Iran has already begun to explore greater opportunities for economic and security cooperation in the region. This has implications for both India and Pakistan, which are tied to Iran strategically but bitterly opposed to each other.
Per the realist prescription of international relations, survival in an anarchic world requires all states to adopt certain rational behavior, such as power maximization and balancing strategies. Depending to a large extent on their worldviews, all state leaders translate their perceptions of locational advantages and vulnerabilities into geopolitical strategies. Revolutionary rhetoric apart, Iranian decision-makers have conducted their foreign policy, more or less, in a realist manner by weighing costs and benefits. If implemented, the nuclear agreement will surely mark the start of a new age of Asian geopolitics. Iran is preparing itself for a wider and internationally legitimized regional role in which it can act pragmatically to enhance its reputation and take advantage of commercial opportunities wherever it finds them.
Iran has the world’s second-largest reserves of natural gas, yet it is not a major exporter. It has been very eager to enter the market in a big way. However, Iran has several challenges to overcome before it can become an energy supplier to Europe and Asia. For one thing, Iran’s energy infrastructure – long neglected as a result of Western sanctions – requires major upgrades to make it capable of sustained energy exports. This will require massive foreign investment.
India-Iran Interactions
India and Iran have always shared deep social, cultural, economic and political connections and relations that have enriched both civilizations. The use of the Persian language at the Mughal courts is just one example of Iranian cultural influence in north India.
With the creation of Pakistan in 1947, India and Iran lost the geographical contiguity they had enjoyed for centuries. The Cold War saw a period of turbulent relations between the two countries, as the Shah of Iran allied his country with the U.S., whereas India preferred to remain non-aligned. However, the end of the Cold War and the death of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini opened a window of opportunity for India to clear away misunderstandings and upgrade its relationship with Iran. Islamic ties with Pakistan notwithstanding, Iran began to cultivate a strong relationship with India. Bilateral relations also remained extremely cordial during Iran’s years of global chastisement for its nuclear program, with the exception of a short period during which India was unable to deal with the dynamic of Iran-U.S. divergence.
Overall, India’s diplomacy with Iran has been rooted in economic interests and buttressed by civilizational links. New Delhi’s contemporary cooperation with Tehran is mainly premised on India’s energy security, access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, and its enduring rivalry with Islamabad. It is worth emphasizing that India’s interests in Central Asia are substantial, and it needs to bolster its presence in the region. New Delhi’s desire to reclaim for India the influence and cultural relations it once enjoyed with the countries of Central Asia before the dawn of colonialism can only be reasonably realized through Iran. India and Iran also share many similarities: Extra-regional ambitions and a strong sense that they pursuing an independent foreign policy are common traits in the diplomatic behavior of both countries. Moreover, Indo-Iran relations have a domestic political dimension as well. India’s large Shia population has been an important variable in India’s interaction with Iran.
India stands to be a major beneficiary of the Iran nuclear deal. New Delhi has been vigorously pursuing the Iran–Pakistan–India (IPI) gas pipeline project for the last decade. The operation of the IPI project would be reinforced by the trilateral “Framework Agreement,” in which the three governments would be committed to the provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty. The ownership of the project by an international consortium and the fact that Pakistan itself would be a major consumer of the gas would greatly restrict its ability to tamper with the pipeline.
The IPI – which could have included Chinese and Russian participation – stalled under pressure from the U.S., which prodded India into working towards an alternative gas transport line from Turkmenistan via Afghanistan and Pakistan. Hillary Clinton, then U.S. secretary of State, has disclosed in her book Hard Choices that the main purpose of her short visit in May 2012 was to convince India to reduce its reliance on Iranian oil. Obligingly, India subsequently downgraded its commercial ties with Iran.
India has found it difficult to balance the imperative of improving its ties with the United States with the need to have a sound relationship with Iran. Now, New Delhi has given clear indications of its plans to resurrect the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project.
Several factors will doubtless push India and Iran to warmer ties. For instance, there was a time when Iran and Russia cooperated with India in strengthening the Northern Alliance’s resistance to the radically fundamentalist Taliban movement with its anti-Shia and anti-Iran tendencies. With territory from Pakistan to the Mediterranean becoming home to some of the most vicious jihadi terror groups, with global, national and regional linkages, India and Iran could well be motivated to return to cooperation in tackling the threat of terrorism.
Chabahar port, which is a symbol of Indo-Iran economic and strategic cooperation, will give India access to Afghanistan, bypassing Pakistan entirely. Chabahar port is also linked to India’s receiving natural gas imports from Iran, as the port would also serve as the point of origin for the proposed Iran-Oman-India pipeline. India’s strategic thinkers also view the port as a strategic counterweight to China’s pursuit of a port in Pakistan’s Gwadar.
Nonetheless, there are differences and misperceptions between India and Iran, some major and others inconsequential, just as there are similarities and shared interests. India is going to face some unpleasant realities about its most fundamental policy departure: a negative vote at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) against Iran’s nuclear record.
There are valid reasons to suspect that Iran might not show too much enthusiasm in responding to India’s economic or strategic overtures. Inevitably, as so often in international politics, there is a temptation for states to be on the “right side” of a thorny issue. India was faced with what looked like either/or question on Iran’s nuclear program. It was the outcome of Indian policymakers’ failure to conceptualize a grand strategy went beyond narrowly defined national interests. How can New Delhi be sure now that Tehran will overlook India’s vote at the IAEA? Will a “realist” Iran opt for the long-term benefits of mutual cooperation? A lot depends on what counts as “long term” in Iran’s strategic calculations.
When Americans and Europeans are more than willing to resume business with Iran, will Tehran give priority to rebuild its economic ties with India? India will certainly face stronger opposition from technologically advanced American, European, Russian and Chinese companies as far as investing in Iran is concerned. Another regional dynamic that may force India to moderate its ties with Iran is the undeniable fact of India’s deepening engagement with Israel and the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council.
Challenge of Iran-Pakistan-China Ties
Iran and Pakistan seem poised for a more balanced and cooperative relationship than has been the case to date. With the potential decline of its importance to American objectives in the context of U.S. outreach to Iran and the drawdown in Afghanistan, Pakistan has every reason to assume that antagonizing an Iran whose geopolitical stock will soon rise would be strategically counterproductive. In fact, Pakistan’s rapprochement with Iran is an outcome of a strategy that has been well thought through. To maintain neutrality in the Iran-Saudi tussle, Islamabad has already decided to distance itself from the regional sectarian war. The issue of stability in Afghanistan has brought Iran and Pakistan together: Iran has expressed support for the reconciliation process in Afghanistan, in which Pakistan has been playing the role of mediator. The threat emanating from the Islamic State is being seen as a challenge by both Iran and Pakistan. Visiting Pakistan in August, Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif called on Islamabad to work in unison to eradicate sectarianism, terrorism and extremism. Thus, both countries would like to avoid the revival of former animosity as neither stands to benefit from it.
Meanwhile, China’s energy needs have become an economic lifeline for Iran. Growing bilateral ties reflect this reality. China accounts for approximately 50 percent of Iran’s total crude oil exports. China relies on Iran for a tenth of its foreign energy imports. Burgeoning energy ties between Tehran and Beijing have stimulated a deeper strategic alignment.
Since China shares disputed borders with India, realists would predict that the potential for conflict between India and China over influence in South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean region, and Central Asia remains alive as long as China continues to meddle in India’s northeast and Kashmir, whether directly or indirectly, by seeking to use Pakistan as a counterweight to India. Demand for energy resources in India and China is also a potential trigger for a clash of interests between the two countries, generating more competition for access to energy in resource-rich countries.
Iran as a net exporter of energy would like to parlay its resources into influence in its relationships with India, Pakistan and China without getting entangled in their bilateral differences. The depth of the strategic bonds between Pakistan and China are well known.
Pakistan is a large and growing energy market, while China is vastly bigger again. Anticipating the lifting of sanctions on Iran, China has revived the Iran-Pakistan pipeline. Beijing signed an agreement with Islamabad in April 2015 to construct a pipeline from Pakistan’s Gwadar port to Nawabshah. The Iran-Pakistan pipeline is expected to supply gas from Iran’s South Pars field sufficient to generate 4,500 MW of electricity, covering Pakistan’s current shortfall in power production.
Energy cooperation between Iran and Pakistan goes a long way to mitigating historical suspicions that have separated Shia Iran and predominantly Sunni Pakistan. The energy projects will not only alleviate Pakistan’s crippling energy shortages but also produce hard currency for Iran’s hard-pressed economy. Iran has already built its section of the pipeline to the Pakistani border. Pakistan will build the remaining 80 km of the pipeline from Gwadar to the Iranian border once sanctions on Iran are formally lifted.
The strategy being followed by China is well-crafted. Beijing is taking an extremely favorable view of the IP pipeline due to its geopolitical potential. The pipeline is sure to become a key component of China’s ambitious Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road (OBOR) initiatives. The IP pipeline agreement is also a part of a $46 billion infrastructure package to establish the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), being financed and constructed by Beijing. The CPEC, which is aimed at building critical infrastructure that could kick-start economic growth, will extend from Pakistan’s Arabian Sea Port of Gwadar to China’s Kashgar city in Xinjiang province, one of the principal launching points for China’s OBOR initiative. Iran has shown interest in extending the Pakistan gas pipeline to China. How can India be expected to compromise its opposition on CPEC when Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir continue to be hit by gunmen from across Pakistan?
India’s Options
For India, energy pipelines have always been an attractive prospect whose advantages are seemingly tangible but always just out of reach. India has felt constrained by its lack of land access to energy-rich Central Asia, hemmed in as it is by China and Pakistan. With the Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) pipeline still stuck and the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) pipeline yet to take off as the countries have failed to appoint a consortium leader that will build and maintain the line, India is very keen to kick-start an undersea pipeline project that would bring Iranian gas to India via the Arabian Sea, bypassing Pakistan. The Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India has also said: “Lifting of western sanctions on Iran throws up a great opportunity for India to transport natural gas from Iran to Porbandar port in Gujarat, bypassing Pakistan – the main sticking point for other multilateral projects of Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) and Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI).”
Iran’s geographical position provides an excellent opportunity for oil and gas pipelines to run from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. In fact, only the Iran route offers India both an alternative to unresolved conflict and tension with Pakistan as well as the opportunity to overcome India’s geographic isolation from energy-rich Central Asian region. That is why Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during a recent visit to Turkmenistan as part of his Central Asian tour, suggested an alternative land-sea route via Iran for transporting Turkmen gas to India. This route could be a turning point for India’s energy security. New Delhi’s efforts to secure the Iran-Oman-India pipeline can be interpreted as a smart diplomatic gesture aimed at China’s latest agreement with Pakistan to construct most of Pakistan’s segment of the Iran-Pakistan pipeline as well India’s desire to reverse the economic and strategic setbacks that New Delhi suffered from its withdrawal from the Iran-Indian-Pakistan pipeline.
New Delhi seems to have realized that Central Asia is going to be the scene of renewed great power rivalry, and India must act, not as a mere spectator, but as a leading player. However, its calculations are fluid and subject to relations with other powers, particularly with Iran. Modi’s recent visit to UAE also underlines the fact that India is playing a delicate balancing game in the region that takes a host of factors into account.
In the coming years, Pakistan and China will certainly intensify their efforts to “integrate” Iran into their strategic vision of the emerging regional order, as this will enable them to inflict high-leverage strategic harm on India. Notwithstanding Iran’s growing bonhomie with Pakistan and China, India must stay in close contact with Iran and consciously and consistently pursue good diplomatic and economic relations with it. India needs to remind Iran that Pakistan has become a country where political stability remains very fragile. Even though Pakistan is being ruled by a democratically elected government, security and foreign policy is utterly dominated by the military.
India should not hesitate to ask Tehran if it can trust Pakistan as a partner in the fight against terrorism when the Pakistani military is prone to view jihadist and violent extremist groups as a means of counterbalancing India and as a safeguard against an American exit from Afghanistan. Confirmation of the death of Taliban’s supreme leader, Mullah Omar, has confused an already muddled scenario in Afghanistan, where rival Taliban factions are fighting for supremacy and regional support for the reconciliation process is moving onto the back burner. The Taliban still represents a grave threat to regional stability and security. Iran cannot realistically hope to evade the dangerous repercussions of anti-Shia Taliban returning to power in neighboring Afghanistan, particularly when Pakistan has not been able to deliver on the grand promises made to Afghan President Ashraf Ghani.
Vinay Kaura is an assistant professor in the department of International Affairs and Security Studies, and Coordinator at the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, Sardar Patel University of Police, Security and Criminal Justice, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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Strength Training Guide to Adolescents Part 1: Bones and Joints
Why do we see so many bone and joint injuries in our adolescent athletes? Is strength training safe?
This a question we all have as parents. The bones and joints of our adolescent are completing their development during this time in their lives. Boys finish this process by around the age of 20 and girls a few years earlier (World Health Organization). Growth spurts occur around age 7 and again at puberty where one will see the most dramatic height gains. Growth plates or epiphysial plates start to close and the cartilage becomes bone during this late adolescent phase. If your child is a “late bloomer” those plates are vulnerable to injury longer. A physical therapist is trained to understand the anatomy to avoid the risks.
Strength Training Guide to Adolescents in Winsted CT
The National Strength and Conditioning Association defines strength training as “resistance training that is used to increase one’s ability to produce or resist force. Strength training uses the principle of progressive overload to force the body (muscle, bones, tendons, etc.) to adapt in order to be able to produce and/or resist larger forces. Strength training is NOT powerlifting nor is it bodybuilding”. (Strength Training for Youth Athletes, NSCA Education Department)
What are the limitations to strength training in an adolescent? They are still growing and developing on many fronts. How much is too much?
Strengthening programs should be chosen based on a child’s biological age (degree of maturity), not on chronological age. This is particularly important for joints such as the hip and foot which form their shape around 10 years old. If your child participates in a sport where the foot or hip is stressed, as in activities such as martial arts, dance, gymnastics, and running to mention a few and they have chronic pain in any of these areas, it is important to have them evaluated. Pain is perceived differently in children and adolescents since their nervous system is still developing.
Strength Training Guide to Adolescents in Avon CT
So, do I have my adolescent start a strength training program? The answer is yes. Careful, well-guided strength and conditioning training can reduce the risk of injury. A good comprehensive program with an experienced professional will improve strength, agility, and explosiveness without harming the growth plates. Physical therapists can educate your adolescent in the areas of body mechanics, joint sense, and balanced muscle strength during a movement so that they can protect and preserve their bodies for long and healthy life. After all, your child will live with that body their whole life and education will help them make good decisions about what activities to choose in the future.
Come and see one of our Physical Therapy experts for a Free Consultation.
Cura Centers Canton CT
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An erupting volcano is both majestic and terrifying, but now research suggests that these geological wonders might have played a significant part in the evolution of life on Earth. Tamsin Mather invites us to peer into the crater and take a closer look
Standing on the rim of Masaya volcano (right), one of Nicaragua’s biggest tourist attractions, ’nurturing’ is not the first adjective that springs to mind. Peering down into the crater depths, some two hundred metres below, a pair of open vents is just visible through the acrid fume. Each is emitting puffs of a dense white-blue fog, which swirls around in the crater before spilling over the edge and being swept away by the wind.
This has been the situation at Masaya since 1993 when this current ’degassing crisis’ started, and is just the latest in a series of such crises recorded since the time of the Conquistadores. Without a gas mask the plume is noxious, irritating the lungs and eyes. When the wind is quiet enough you can hear the noise of the hidden lava lake, with deep bangs and whooshes reminiscent of a subterranean shoreline. At night an eerie glow sometimes emanates from the vents, and if the magma level is high enough showers of red-hot rock fragments spray from the vent as slugs of gas break the lava’s surface. You can begin to see why the early Spanish colonists baptised the volcano ’La boca del Infierno’ (’the mouth of Hell’)! Due to its current state of permanent activity and its easy access (the summit is just over 600m in elevation, and there is a good road up), Masaya is relatively well known, and there have been many studies of the volcanic gas emissions as well as the impacts, such as acid deposition, of the plume on the local environment.
In November 2001 a team from Cambridge and Birmingham universities in the UK, set out to investigate the particles present in Masaya’s plume, thought to be rich in environmentally-important metallic species as well as sulphuric acid. The plume gases and aerosol were pumped through a stack of filters designed to capture different components of the plume, including acid gases such as sulphur dioxide, as well as the plume particles.
The surprise came back in the UK lab when the ’acid gas’ filters were analysed by ion chromatography. The results showed that as well as the expected sulphate, chloride and fluoride present from the high sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride levels in the plume, there was also a significant amount of nitrate, suggesting there was nitric acid in Masaya’s plume. This was a surprise because, although nitric acid had been looked for in eruption plumes previously, none had been detected.
This immediately opened the question: where did the nitric acid come from? Most atmospheric nitric acid (away from volcanoes) comes from the oxidation of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NO+NO2=NOx). Delving into the literature uncovered just one previous report describing how high levels of nitrogen oxides had been found above lava flows on Hawaii. Two years later the UK team confirmed the presence of NOx in Masaya’s plume, by taking an NO2 chemiluminescence analyser up to the crater rim.
This suggested that air being mixed into the hot volcanic environment was being heated to temperatures that were high enough to allow the nitrogen to react with oxygen molecules in the air, and then be cooled rapidly (to ’freeze’ out the reaction products). Perhaps the best known example of this reaction is in a lightning bolt flash, where the air is heated to temperatures of about 30 000?C instantly. Although the temperatures in volcanic vents are much lower than lightning bolts (the hottest magmas today are about 1200?C), NOx production is still possible.
In the environment it usually takes hours or days for nitric acid to be produced by NOx oxidation so it remains a mystery as to what the fast oxidation processes (taking place in minutes) are that operate in the hot volcanic vent to produce nitric acid there. This discovery suggested a new aspect to the importance of volcanoes in the Earth’s natural chemical cycles. Not only are they important in terms of the chemical species they emit directly from their magmas, but they also process the gases from the atmosphere around them that mix into their hot vents.
But why is the production of nitrogen oxides and nitrate in nature important? Nitrogen is a vital component for life but although N2 gas makes up the majority of the air that we breathe, most organisms including ourselves are completely unable to absorb it in this form. Nitrogen must first be converted or ’fixed’ to chemical forms (such as NO, NO2, HNO3 and NH3) that can enter the pool of nitrogen that cycles amongst plants, animals, microorganisms, soils, solutions and sediments and between land, water and the atmosphere.
In the present-day atmosphere, lightning is the main non-biological, non-anthropogenic source of fixed nitrogen. However, some bacteria and fungi evolved the ability to fix nitrogen themselves and this biological source has come to greatly surpass that from lightning.
Over the last few thousand years evolution has developed another important contributor to fixed nitrogen production, namely post-industrial revolution mankind. Activities such as burning fossil fuels and the use of nitrate and ammonia-based fertilisers all add significant quantities of fixed nitrogen to the Earth’s system.
Although we need fixed nitrogen, you can have too much of a good thing, and man’s activities have shown that large releases of fixed nitrogen are potentially detrimental to both the environment and human health, contributing to problems like photochemical smog, acid rain, water pollution and global warming.
At the moment the volcanic source of fixed nitrogen in the atmosphere is insignificant compared to biological and anthropogenic sources (about 1 Tg per year compared to 120-440 and 190 Tg per year respectively). So while it is an interesting new component of the natural nitrogen cycle, is this small flux of fixed nitrogen from volcanoes really of any importance?
Of course there was a time on our planet before mankind, and in fact before life itself, when fixed nitrogen sources were not so plentiful. Life requires fixed nitrogen and yet today almost all biologically-available nitrogen is biologically produced. So where did the fixed nitrogen come from that allowed life to evolve in the first place and be sustained before nitrogen fixing organisms appeared? Previously considered sources have been comet impacts and lightning from thunderstorms and in volcanic ash clouds.
Life on our planet is thought to have begun about four billion years ago. This young Earth would likely be very different to the planet today. Above, the sky might be green or some other unfamiliar colour with a weak young Sun presiding over the scene. The continents may have been small islands in an icy sea, mostly frozen with just a few spots of open water. Protruding out of these freezing oceans great Hawaii-like volcanoes would have poured out huge, extensive floods of komatiite lavas (hotter than the hottest lavas associated with volcanoes today) in immense eruptions.
It is not really surprising that volcanic activity has long been thought necessary for a habitable planet to evolve. As conduits for the outgassing of the Earth’s interior, volcanoes must have played a key role in the development and maintenance of the planet’s all-important atmosphere; while the hot mineral-rich nature of hydrothermal springs has caused scientists to look at them as the potential nurseries where life took its first tentative steps. However, the chemical consequences of the heat input to the atmosphere from volcanoes over geological time has not previously been considered.
From the measurements on Hawaii and at Masaya it is clear that volcanic heat can process the atmosphere and fix nitrogen and from these measurements it is possible to estimate a thermal fixation efficiency. It would seem to follow that the same is true for the early Earth.
However, the early Earth’s atmosphere did not have the same composition as it does today. The build up of atmospheric oxygen is only thought to have occurred about two billion years ago, probably mediated by life itself. The early atmosphere’s exact composition is unknown, but evidence such as climate models and studies of ancient soils (paleosols) suggest that it may have been mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide with perhaps some methane as well. A recent suggestion has been for a nitrogen-carbon dioxide atmosphere with carbon dioxide making up approximately four per cent.
So will volcanoes still fix nitrogen in an oxygen-poor atmosphere? In the late 1990s a Mexican-led team used spark chambers to show that lightning was still effective at fixing nitrogen in a carbon dioxide-nitrogen atmosphere, albeit with reduced efficiency, showing that lightning would have contributed to early Earth’s fixed nitrogen budget. By analogy it seemed that the same should be true for volcanic nitrogen fixation.
But the next question was whether volcanoes were significant sources of fixed nitrogen in the early Earth? Using reasonable guesses of early atmosphere and early volcanic gas compositions, it was possible to estimate a likely gas composition in the early Earth’s volcanic environments, and then use the spark chamber work to estimate a fixation efficiency for volcanic heat on the early Earth.
The early Earth was much hotter and could have had much higher volcanism rates than that shown over the last billion years of Earth’s history. There are no records showing the rate of volcanism on the early planet (most of the Earth’s surface is renewed every few hundred million years) but realistic lava extrusion rate estimates can be extrapolated from what is known about the largest lava fields present on the continents today, known as flood basalt provinces.
One of the most famous examples of a flood basalt province is the Deccan traps in north-west India, emplaced about 65 million years ago. These great sheets of lava, hundreds of metres thick in total, are thought to have an original volume of around two million cubic kilometres and have been implicated in the mass extinction event that saw the demise of the dinosaurs.
No volcanic eruptions of this scale have been seen in recorded history, but by studying massive ancient lava flows, and the closest historic analogy (the 15 cubic kilometre flows erupted in 1783-1784 from the Laki fissure in Iceland) geologists can get some idea of typical eruption style and rates. As mentioned earlier, the lava extruded would also have been at a higher temperature (perhaps as high as 1500?C) than that involved in volcanism today. By estimating the heat released as this high temperature lava cooled and combining it with the estimates of eruption rate and thermal fixation efficiency of volcanic heat in the early Earth described above it was possible to make a first guess about the volcanic nitrogen fixation rate in the early Earth as a maximum of about 2 ? 1011 moles of NO produced per year.
This puts it on a par with the previously estimated major sources from comet impacts (1011 moles of NO produced per year), by thunderstorm lightning (3 ? 1010 moles of NO produced per year) and volcanic lightning (up to 3 ? 1011 moles of NO produced per year). Volcanoes it seems might have been extremely important for fertilising the first life on our planet.
Back at Masaya, in the shadow of the cross placed on its rim to ward off the devil, the crater and vent look as inhospitable as ever but perhaps upon reflection ’the mouth of hell’ should be renamed ’the gateway to life’.
Tamsin Mather is a postdoctoral researcher at the department of earth sciences, Cambridge University, UK and takes up a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin fellowship in April 2005
Further Reading
• J Postgate, Nitrogen Fixation, 3rd edition, 1998, Cambridge University Press.
• E G Nisbet and N H Sleep, Nature, 2001, 409, 1083
• P Francis and C Oppenheimer, Volcanoes, 2nd edition, 2003, Oxford University Press.
• T A Mather, D M Pyle and A G Allen, Geology, 2004, 32, 905
Ground-based remote sensing
The inaccessibility and unpredictable nature of many volcanoes means that preferably measurements should be made from a distance. Often this will mean looking at how the volcano’s plume thins out its radiation and then using that information to deduce what species exist in the plume. Water vapour and carbon dioxide can be difficult to measure in volcanic plumes because there is so much of them in the background atmosphere compared to the volcanic signal.
Methods like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been used with some success, allowing natural (for example, the sun or hot rocks) or artificial infrared radiation sources to be viewed through the plume (crater geometry and safety issues permitting).
FTIR can also detect a wide range of species and, due to their plume prevalence and low concentrations in the background atmosphere, has been very successfully applied to measure sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride at several volcanoes.
Sulphur dioxide also absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation with a specific wavelength. This means that not only does sulphur dioxide have a low background signal and high level in volcanic gases, it can also be measured using UV spectrometers (initially the correlation spectrometer or Cospec and more recently a cheaper, miniaturised spectrometer), making sulphur dioxide the most monitored volcanic gas. Satellite based remote sensing measurements have also been used on volcanoes. Measurements like this used to be restricted to higher altitude (and hence usually explosive plumes) but more recently instruments have been able to analyse plumes lower in the atmosphere.
Direct measurements
Where safety and accessibility allow, direct volcanic plume measurements can be made. This involves getting the equipment into the plume somehow, usually by setting it up on the crater rim or using an aircraft. A range of measurement techniques can be used depending on the species of interest and the equipment’s portability.
Volcanic flux estimates
Driving (or using some other moving platform) with a UV spectrometer telescope pointed vertically beneath the plume from one edge to the other makes it possible to calculate a volcanic plume’s sulphur dioxide cross-section. By combining this with a plume transport velocity (usually approximated as the wind speed) a volcano’s sulphur dioxide flux can be determined. Compiling sulphur dioxide fluxes measured from different volcanoes around the globe shows that different activities can be used to estimate the volcanic global source strength of sulphur dioxide. Other volcanic species are very poorly monitored and so global estimates are usually made by establishing ratio ranges with sulphur dioxide.
What comes out of volcanoes?
The major gases in high temperature volcanic emissions are steam and carbon dioxide. The next most abundant species is generally sulphur dioxide (sometimes hydrogen sulphide is also present although for high-temperature sustained emissions oxidised sulphur is more common). This is followed by the acidic hydrogen halides, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride. Other trace species are also present.
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The Blue Economy: Origin and concept
Reading Time: 8 min read
To mark World Oceans Day, we look at the origin and concept of the “blue economy”.
The idea of the “blue economy” was conceived at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012. This conference addressed two key themes: the further development and refinement of the Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development and the advancement of the “green economy” concept. The outcome of the meeting reaffirmed poverty eradication as its key challenge and focused on the green economy as a tool to achieve both poverty eradication and sustainable development.
The blue economy concept has been presented subsequently in many fora and is viewed as an alternative economic model for sustainable development that puts the oceans at the centre of this approach.
During the Rio+20 preparatory process, countries with coastlines were concerned about the focus of the green economy and its applicability to them. Robust statements were presented in support of a “blue economy” concept to address these nations’ situations more appropriately. The blue economy concept has wide relevance, as the oceans, including humankind’s common heritage of the high seas, represent in many respects the final frontier for humanity and its quest for sustainable development. Institutional efforts were made to expand the blue aspect of the green economy, and these were embodied in the Green Economy in a Blue World report, but international momentum has since moved on.
The oceans cover a large proportion of the earth’s surface and make up more than 95 per cent of the biosphere. They provide much of the world’s population with food and livelihoods and are a significant means of transport in global trade. The marine and coastal environments also constitute key resources for the important global tourism industry, supporting all aspects of the tourism development cycle, from infrastructure and the familiar “sun, sand and sea” formula to the diverse and expanding domain of eco-tourism.
The seabed is a major source of hydrocarbons, and exploration in this area is expanding. New technologies are advancing the frontiers of marine resource development, including bio-prospecting and the mining of seabed mineral resources. The sea also offers vast potential for renewable “blue energy” production from wind, wave, tidal, thermal and biomass sources. The potential of the oceans to meet sustainable development needs is enormous, but only if the oceans can be maintained in and/ or restored to a healthy and productive state.
The developing world has been the driving force behind the blue economy, pioneered by small island developing states (SIDS), but the blue economy is also relevant to other coastal states and to countries with an interest in waters beyond their national jurisdiction. Indeed, although SIDS have always been highly dependent upon the seas for their livelihoods and well-being, the blue economy goes beyond just the concept of ocean-based economies; it also identifies the oceans as development spaces where spatial planning integrates conservation, sustainable use, oil and mineral extraction, bio-prospecting, sustainable energy production and marine transport. The blue economy has brought to the fore that the oceans are not simply places for the extraction of free resources and the dumping of waste products. It gathers together ocean values and services into economic modelling and decision-making processes. The blue economy paradigm constitutes a sustainable development framework for developing countries that will help to address issues such as equity in the access to, development of and sharing of benefits from marine resources, offering scope for reinvestment in human development and the alleviation of crippling national debt.
The blue economy embraces the same desired outcomes as the Rio+20 green economy initiative: “[achieving] improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities” (UNEP, 2013). It also endorses the same principles of low carbon use, resource efficiency and social inclusion, but it is grounded in a developing world context and is designed to reflect the circumstances and needs of countries whose futures depend on marine resources. Fundamental to this concept is the principle of equity, ensuring that developing countries: optimise the benefits received from the development of their marine environments (e.g., fishery agreements, bio-prospecting, oil and mineral extraction); promote national equity, including gender equality and in particular the generation of inclusive growth and decent jobs for all; and have their concerns and interests properly reflected in the development of seas beyond national jurisdictions, including the refinement of international governance mechanisms and their concerns for states proximate to seabed development.
It is increasingly recognised that the future of many SIDS depends on the sustainable development and protection of the ocean and ocean resources.
Author: John Lesperance is an Education Specialist for Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth (VUSSC) at the Commonwealth of Learning.
This article was originally published in the March 2016 issue of Connections.
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Page 1 of 50 - About 500 Essays
• War: Similarities Between Football And War
change the thinking of people. In both football and war there are two sides in which both are trying to win. They strategize and fight up and down the battlefield trying to gain an advantage over the opponent. Although there are many similarities, there is one huge difference. War involves numerous casualties and cannot be justified in most circumstances. Football, on the other hand, can be justified as the risk of getting seriously hurt is much lower. Since war cannot be justified most of the time, Mark Edmundson states in his book Why Football Matter that this allows the people to: “transfer our hunger for heroism from the area where real heroism has traditionally been possible and relocate it to the less complex relations of sport” (134). In a sense, Edmundson is saying that people view athletes as heroes in today’s age rather than viewing soldiers as heroes. This can drastically change the mindset of fans along with players. Some football players become obsessed with the power that they have, which can lead to their life spiraling out of control. Fans, especially kids, view these football players as role models and are influenced greatly by them. If a player does not behave off the field then they are setting a bad example for the kids who look up to them. Since kids view these football players as people who can do no wrong, this could negatively affect the kids and lead to consequences in the long run. Overall football and war are connected with one another. Many…
Words: 963 - Pages: 4
• War Mates
After analysing the 1915 play ‘War Mates’, we discover the argument between two social sides on their differing views about war. The play, written by Mr Herbert De Hamel focuses strongly on the impact of strikes. “It is without doubt the most real and effective short play concerned with the war that has yet been seen, and the lesson it teaches the men of fighting age and all who advocate or are responsible for strikes in war time.” (Daily Mail, 1916, p.3) The four characters, John, Mary,…
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
• Masculinity In War
When we think of the military and war essential components of international relations, we think of men as soldiers, men as protectors we consider war itself as violent as well as the men participating (Youngs, 2004, p.85). The military and nonconventional forces are therefore heavily masculinized. To understand why rape is used as a weapon of war, it also important to understand the context in which masculinity in militaries and armed forces develops but also understand the concept of hegemonic…
Words: 860 - Pages: 4
• Napoleon Wars: The Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic wars refer to the wars of the Napoleonic wars in the period of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It led to major changes in the military and artillery of Europe, particularly the military system. Because the implementation of the national conscription system, making the war a huge scale, unprecedented. France, the rapid rise of national power, dominated Europe; but after the defeat of the invasion of Russia, the national potential plummeted. Napoleon's empire was eventually…
Words: 731 - Pages: 3
• Civil War In Colombia
on the order of $100 billion annually on cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine, but in 2000, much more money was spent on cocaine than marijuana; in 2010 the opposite was true (estimation). However, the drug traffic is not the only U.S policy issue with Colombia. The civil war against insurgent groups in Colombia had been a critical battle, that U.S has been supporting. The armed conflict in Colombia…
Words: 1496 - Pages: 6
• The Cold War: A War
The Cold War was not actually a war. Hence the name “Cold” war. It was more like a drawn out competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, which is modern day Russia. The U.S. also was closely monitoring the Soviet Union’s nuclear weapons development for obvious reasons. More specifically, the U.S. wanted to monitor the Soviet Union’s development of mass destruction in an effort to prevent them from developing or using them. The U.S. was concerned the weapons of mass destruction…
Words: 293 - Pages: 2
• The Unforgettable War: The Vietnam War
The Unforgettable War In the United States during the 1960’s, there was a massive trepidation against the U.S soldiers who were returning stateside from the Vietnam War. With the 60’s having a plethora of problems and traumatic events, the last thing the American citizens wanted to do was embroil themselves in a war oversees that had no immediate effect on them. With the aversion to the war, the U.S citizens vilified and treated their own troops as warmongers instead of being the everyday…
Words: 1090 - Pages: 5
• Ishmael Beah's War
meaning of war in the dictionary is “A military conflict between two nations or parties”, but in A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier by Ishmael Beah war is not just a conflict between two nations or parties but it’s a conflict between death, revenge, and survival. Ishmael Beah is a victim of war that took place in Sierra Leone. His lieutenant easily turns him into a ruthless killing machine. The Lieutenant use a false promise to avenge the death of his parents and drugs to…
Words: 897 - Pages: 4
• War And Afghanistan War Essay
Iraq & Afghanistan War War, whether it was centuries ago, or going on currently, impacts those fighting in many ways. For example, in the Iraq and Afghanistan war, there were over 8,000 soldiers killed in action since 2001. That number stems from a total of 14 years of combat operations. In comparison, there are nearly the same number of suicides by U.S. servicemen and women every single year. Soldiers are not only impacted by physical injury, but there is a very substantial amount of them who…
Words: 1446 - Pages: 6
• The Cold War: The War On Drugs
War has been going on since the beginning of human life. With technology improving in such a fast pace, war has become more and more complicated. To me, war was originally a country fighting another country because a difference in ideology or a disagreement on something very important. But in today’s world, war has changed to a whole other dimension and has so many meanings. After World War II, the US and the Soviet Union started the Cold War. The Cold War was a war in which the US and Soviet…
Words: 674 - Pages: 3
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Accessibility for Web Developers
Guideline 14
Guideline 14: Ensure that documents are clear and simple
The use of clear and simple language promotes effective communication. Trying to come across as articulate can be as difficult to read as poorly written grammar, especially if the language used isn't the visitor's primary language. Using a consistent page layout, and recognisable graphics ensures that information can be located quickly.
This guideline has 3 checkpoints, ranging in importance from Level "A" (must be addressed for the site to be accessible), to Level "AAA" (beneficial to ensure the accessibility of your site).
Important - Priority 1 Checkpoint 14.1 Use the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content
This checkpoint is a priority 1 checkpoint. It must be satisfied for your site to be considered accessible. You should use the clearest and simplest language appropriate for your site's content to ensure it's accessible to people with reading and/or cognitive disabilities. Headings and link descriptions should be informative, clear, and accurate. Link phrases should be terse, and make sense when read out of context.
The topic of a section should be clearly stated at the beginning, as this helps people skim read. If the main point is in the middle of a paragraph, or the final paragraph of a large section, visitors will need to read a lot of content before finding what they are after.
Each paragraph should contain one idea, clearly stated at the start of the paragraph. Avoid using complex sentence structures, slang, and jargon. Try and choose words that are commonly used. Avoid redundant words, and ensure that any instructions are clear and easy to follow.
Bad Example
One must endeavour to ensure simplicity is stringently upheld in order to facilitate comprehension.
Better Example
Keep it simple!
The Gunning-Fog index is one of many tests that can help determine how readable your content is. The following shows how to determine your Gunning-Fog index.
• Pick a sample containing at least 100 words.
• Calculate the average number of words you use per sentence.
• Calculate the percentage of difficult words in the sample (words with three or more syllables, excluding proper names, and verbs).
The result is your Gunning-Fog index, which is a rough measure of how many years of schooling it would take someone to understand the content. The lower the number, the more understandable the content will be to your visitors. If your index is higher than 12, the chances are you will start to lose some of your audience in the fog.
You can test your content online through the readability test at Juicy Studio.
This is a priority 3 checkpoint, which will be beneficial for the accessibility of your site. Images, sounds, and text can compliment each other, and ensure you have as wide an audience as possible. A picture paints a thousand words, and sound saves having to read them.
Images, animations, and movies will be well received by visitors who prefer visual content. For example, sighted deaf visitors may benefit from a sign-language movie. Music, spoken words, and sound effects will be well received by visitors who prefer audio content. Keep in mind that assistive technologies are able to produce synthesised speech and Braille from text or text equivalents. If you do use graphic and auditory presentations, they should be in keeping with the site, and not obtrusive.
14.3 Create a style of presentation that is consistent across pages
This is a priority 3 checkpoint, which will be beneficial for the accessibility of your site. Unless you have a consistent style across your site, visitors can become disorientated going from page to page. The main navigation should be located at the same position on each page. If you use sub-navigation systems, they should also be located at the same place on each page. Colours and text styles can provide important visual clues. You should use colours and style consistently, particularly with headings. CSS is excellent for ensuring you have a consistent style across the whole site.
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Denim manufacturing process
Best Denim manufacturing process
Jeans are a type of pants that stand out for their comfort and resistance
Jeans or “jeans” are pants that stand out for their durability and comfort. Over the years, these pants have gone through different stages. At first, they were exclusively for workers, especially the Italian Marines, which was the birthplace of clothing. At the first moment, the trousers were made of wool and were white. Later, the blue that everyone knows was added. How are jeans made.
Jeans were later developed by the famous Levi Strauss in the United States, and its brand (Levi’s) continues to this day. He continued to use the hard-wearing canvas of the tent used to make jeans. Later, they used cotton and added a copper coating to certain areas, which were the end of the pocket or the end of the placket (to strengthen the garment), thus creating the denim as we know it today. In the 20th century, jeans began to be used by young Americans.
The second step involves the spinning process (making denim). The denim fibers will be superimposed, separated, washed, and placed all in the same direction. Later, some of these threads were dyed with indigo dye (a natural Indian dye). Third, put the denim thread on the loom, and weave the white thread and the blue thread vertically for weaving. The fabric directly removed from the loom is not used to make jeans, because it has a hard texture, so it will go through various processes to make it comfortable and soft. How jeans are made Once the fabric is ready for use and its properties are correct, jeans manufacturers must measure certain sizes to create patterns of different sizes. They will draw each pattern, then place it on the fabric (stack several pieces of fabric for cutting), and then use the appropriate machine to cut it.
The fourth step is to sew jeans with a machine, connect the two parts of each leg, and join the front, back and waist. Then, front and rear pockets, straps to fix the belt, rivets, buttons, zippers and tags will be added, usually four and usually made of artificial leather.
Then, all the jeans will be washed in an industrial washing machine and checked for defects and cut off the excess thread.
Finally, they will be assigned sizes and corresponding labels, and each pair of jeans will be packed in a bag with the relevant logo. They will be packed in a bag or box, depending on the destination country, because some countries have stricter packaging regulations than others. In this way, they will be ready to be sent to all countries.
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Laos 1 Kip banknote of 1957
28 Feb 2019 Thu
Laos is a Southeast Asian country traversed by the Mekong River and known for mountainous terrain, French colonial architecture, hill tribe settlements, and Buddhist monasteries. Vientiane, the capital, is the site of the That Luang monument, where a reliquary reportedly houses the Buddha’s breastbone, plus the Patuxai war memorial and Talat Sao (Morning Market), a complex jammed with food, clothes, and craft stalls.
The “kip” is the currency of Laos since 1952. Historically, one kip was divided into 100 “att”. In 1957, the government issued notes denominated solely in kip. The notes were for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 kip printed by the Security Banknote Company, 100 kip printed by the Banque de France and a commemorative 500 kip printed by Thomas De La Rue. 1 and 5 kip notes printed by Bradbury & Wilkinson, and a 10 kip by De la Rue were introduced by 1962.
The note depicted beside is a 1 Kip banknote issued in the year 1957. The obverse has That Ing Hang Stupa and palm trees in Ban Thad village, Savannakhet Province, Laos. Tricephalic elephant arms featuring Airavata; Naga serpents and fish. The reverse depicts a Ploughing scene with Asian water buffalo.
Image Courtesy: Katz Coins Notes & Supplies Corp.
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Chronic Kidney Disease and Diet
Diet for the Chronic Kidney Disease is bit complicated but still it can be managed by following proper diet. Kidney disease can be categorized depending on the GFR(Glomerular Filtration Rate, a measure of your level of kidney function) and kidney damage. There are 5 stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) starting from CKD stage 1 to stage 5. Treatment including medical and nutritional plan also varies depending on the stages of kidney disease.
Why Nutrition is important for CKD
Nutrition requirement varies from individual to individual. Though diet is very much important for those individuals who are on medication or not as because,
• To get energy
• To maintain the healthy weight
• To prevent from infections
• To maintain blood parameters
Nutrients and CKD
Those individuals having CKD should follow a Renal diet. But the diet is always individualized in terms of calorie requirement, protein requirement and micro nutrient requirements.
Protein helps us to build muscle, repair tissue and fight against infections. Protein intake for kidney disease patients depends on the muscle mass and stage of kidney disease. Those who are undergoing dialysis require more protein because dialyses filter out wastes from blood, it also removes proteins and due to that muscle starts to break down. This break down of muscle can make the individual fatigue and make them more prone to infections.
Protein is divided into two categories. One is first class and the other one is second class.First class proteins are generally absorbed easily in the body compared to second class proteins. Though a combination of protein is recommended for these patients ofcourse considering the blood reports.
First class protein source includes Egg, Chicken, Fish, Red meat.
Second class protein includes Milk and milk products, Soya, Tofu, Beans, Legumes and Pulses etc.
Sodium affects blood pressure & water balance in the body. If individuals suffering from CKD, Sodium & Fluid buildup in the body, which can lead to swelling
Sodium should always restrict from diet regime for those individuals suffering from kidney disease.
Sources: All packaged food including Ketchup, Soy sauce, Processed meat, Salted snacks including chips or namkeens, Papad, Pickle etc.
Always Read food label before using it.
Potassium rich diet is always restricted for an individual with CKD. A normal kidney removes potassium through urination. Kidney’s that are not functioning properly cannot remove potassium in the urine, so it builds up in the blood. High potassium can cause irregular heartbeat & can even cause heart to stop working.
Sources: Banana, Fruits and fruit juices, Tender coconut water, Ragi, Green leafy vegetables except Fenugreek leaves, Tomato, Potato etc
Person with kidney disease may not be able to remove the excess Phosphorus from the blood. For a safer side food high in Phosphorus can be restricted. A high level of Phosphorus in the blood can cause Calcium to build up in the blood vessels, heart joints, muscles and skin which can lead to poor blood circulation, bone pain and skin ulcers.
Sources: Dairy product including Milk, Cheese, Yogurt, Curd; Nuts; Dried beans; Beverages like Cocoa, Beer & Soft drink etc.
Fluids: Depending on the Chronic kidney disease stages and urine output fluid intake can be calculated. To control intake individual should
Not drink more than the Doctor’s advice. Fluid intake can be calculated including Tea, Coffee, Sambar, Rasam etc.
Individualized diet plan should help the individual to maintain the optimal nutrition. Doctor and Dietitian plan the treatment depends on the condition and it varies person to person.
Always refer to your personalized meal plan prescribed by your Dietitian.
BY: Ms. Soumita Biswas, Chief Nutritionist, Aster RV Hospital
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Physical activity is touted as being the number one cure for obesity in children, but when a group of impoverished children from Quebec were studied the results revealed that children living in poverty are at a greater risk of becoming obese, even though they have a higher level of physical activity.
Study Statistics
To do this study data was collected on one thousand children, their families, and their schools. All of the participants in the study were in secondary schools throughout Quebec.
The researchers found that children who lived in poverty stricken homes were more likely to be overweight, or obese, than children who had more financially stable living environments.
School Environment
Children who feel insecure about school also had a higher risk of becoming obese. The children who were from poverty stricken homes most often felt insecure or unsafe at school, and this factor increased their chances of becoming obese.
Some of the things that make a child feel unsafe or insecure about school is their financial status. If their family has a difficult time paying their bills, then they are likely to not have the money to buy the children proper clothing or school supplies. The lack of these items make it painstakingly clear to all of the other students that the child is from a poverty stricken home and that increases the chance that some other students will single them out as targets for ridicule.
Another contributing factor to a child feeling ill at ease about attending school was that the poverty stricken children often attend schools that have less tax dollars funding them, and they have more violence, drugs, and interruptions, in their classrooms.
What does this all mean?
This information should be telling us all that we need to be working harder to see to it that children who live in poverty get a better chance at education. We should all take this information and see that bullying affects children today, tomorrow, and forever.
What Schools can do
The schools can be more astute at watching for signs of bullying. The educators are with these children for longer periods in a day than the parents are. Teachers can see which students are bullying other students and they can see the signs of a student who is being bullied. It will take communication between teachers and the disciplinary staff, and the guidance counselors, to start making a difference in the class rooms.
Children who bully other children must be removed from the general population of the school until they can learn that being a bully is wrong. Children who are being bullied must be taught that they have a voice and that the school building is a safe place to use that voice.
What Communities can do
If you are worried about the obesity problem in the United States, then you can become active in helping schools to have more nutritional foods that have less calories available for their students.
Communities can also help fund fresh produce stands so people who live on small budgets will be able to make better food choices.
With the support of the community, and the encouragement of the city officials, then children who are living in poverty could make the changes to stop obesity from being one of their future concerns.
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Who Wrote Book of Judith?
6 See Toni Craven, ”The Book of Judith in the Context of Twentieth-Century Studies of the Apocryphal ()
What Bible is the Book of Judith in?
The story may sound familiar to Catholics, as the book of Judith is included in the Old Testament of their Bible. But Judith didn’t make it into the Tanakh, a collection of Jewish scripture that includes the Torah. By the Middle Ages, though, Jews were telling a Judith tale.
Who was Judith in the book of Jeremiah?
Where was the book of Judith found?
Book of Judith, apocryphal work excluded from the Hebrew and Protestant biblical canons but included in the Septuagint (Greek version of the Hebrew Bible) and accepted in the Roman canon. Judith, oil on canvas by Giorgione, 1504; in the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.
You might be interested: Quick Answer: Where Did The Snake Bit The Apostle Paul?
Who did Judith kill?
Holofernes was an Assyrian general who was about to destroy Judith’s home, the city of Bethulia. Overcome with drink, he passes out and is decapitated by Judith; his head is taken away in a basket (often depicted as being carried by an elderly female servant).
Why was the book of Judith removed?
What does Judith mean in the Bible?
Judith is a feminine given name derived from the Hebrew name יְהוּדִית or Yehudit, meaning “woman of Judea”. Judith appeared in the Old Testament as one of Esau’s wives, while the deuterocanonical Book of Judith deals with a different Judith.
What books did Martin Luther removed from the Bible?
The short answer: Martin Luther did not remove any books from the Bible. This claim is inaccurate and misleading. The books in question were separated from the Bible as a result of the Reformation.
How did Judith die in the Bible?
What was Jeremiah’s main message?
You might be interested: Which Lds Apostle Was Released?
Why the book of Jeremiah is so important?
Jeremiah contains a considerable amount of material of a biographical and historical nature in addition to the prophet’s own words. This material is especially valuable because it reveals the personality of the prophet more clearly than any of the other prophetic books reveal their writers’ personalities.
Why did Jeremiah not marry?
They reveal a strong conflict between Jeremiah’s natural inclinations and his deep sense of vocation to deliver Yahweh’s message to the people. Jeremiah was by nature sensitive, introspective, and perhaps shy. He was denied participation in the ordinary joys and sorrows of his fellowmen and did not marry.
When was the first Bible compiled?
Why is Tobit not in the Protestant Bible?
As Protestants follow the Masoretic canon, they therefore do not include Tobit in their standard canon, but do recognise it in the category of deuterocanonical books called the apocrypha. A.D. 397) and Pope Innocent I (A.D. 405) affirmed Tobit as part of the Old Testament Canon.
Who is Yehudit?
Yehudit Ravitz (Hebrew: יהודית רביץ; born December 29, 1956) is an Israeli singer-songwriter, composer and music producer. She is one of the most successful and famous Israeli rock musicians, with a career spanning over forty years. As of 2012, she has released 12 solo albums.
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American sports and hobbies of the 1960s were greatly influenced by the interests of youth and the establishment of television as a medium for communication. The country's baby-boomers -- children born in the years immediately following World War II -- reached an age where they were earning money to fund their hobbies and were capable of pursuing activities independently. Television introduced people of all ages to a variety of sports, particularly through the Olympic games. The 1960s was a time when old-time favorites in sports and hobbies were joined by new pursuits.
Indoor Hobbies
Building scale-models of planes, ships and cars was a popular hobby among young boys and some adults. The hobby came to include model rockets and spaceships during the decade's space race. The early to mid-1960s are considered the "golden age" of slot-car racing. Families built tracks together, and college students formed slot-car racing teams. President John F. Kennedy and renowned newsman, Walter Cronkite, were also fans of the hobby. Baseball card collecting was also very popular among young boys and teens who enjoyed buying, trading and playing games with the cards. This is also the decade that made Troll dolls, with their wildly colored hair, popular with girls in the mid-1960s. In addition, coin and stamp collecting became popular among both adults and children.
Outdoor Hobbies
Many outdoor hobbies of the 1960s involved physical activity but were not, at the time, considered sports. Chief among these was surfing, a beach activity that inspired a music genre and particular line of fashion known as the "surfer look." Skateboarding, a cross between roller skating and surfing, evolved from roller skating, but its similarity to surfing helped its rise in popularity. While surfing and skateboarding primarily appealed to teens and young adults, bike riding and fishing were enjoyed by people of all ages. Both outdoor and indoor photography increased in popularity with the development of simpler cameras with built-in flash bulbs and cartridge film.
Games People Played
The sport of baseball remained America's favorite pastime in the 1960's. Americans took their families out to the ball game, and children played on town fields as part of their local Little League or the Senior League, which was created for teens in 1961. The sport of bowling was enjoyed by men, women and teens who played with friends or in organized leagues. The formation of the North American Soccer League ignited an interest in soccer in the mid-1960s that led to the formation of teams at the elementary and high school levels.
Spectator Sports
Prior to the introduction of television, a person's exposure to sports was gained through attending live events or listening to coverage of an event on the radio. In the 1960s, television allowed people to watch, from the comfort of their living rooms, not only familiar sports such as baseball but also Olympic sports such as alpine skiing, figure skating, high diving and pole vaulting. Television gave home viewers front row seats at the Indianapolis 500, heavyweight boxing championships and even the Little League World Series. Professional football's first Super Bowl, televised in 1967, drew 27 million viewers to watch the Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs.
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The Short Answer: Only dry plastics will extrude properly in your 3d printer’s nozzle. Also only properly dried materials will provide the wanted material properties, for instance stiffness or flexibility.
The Long Answer: Some material will bind water between their molecules – similar like your clothes in the washing machine. When the plastic is heated inside the nozzle, the water inside the plastic will vaporize and expand. This causes uneven extrusion and unhappy printing experiences. This will happen with materials like TPU or ABS. It will get even worse when the water is starting to damage the molecular structure of the plastic – called hydrolisis. This alters the pyhsical properties of the plastic, making it behave more like a fluid inside the nozzle. In worst cases this will make printing an impossible endevour. Sometimes it just makes the properties of your finished parts worse, like making them bear less load than intended.
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What is PVC Board
The section of the PVC board made of PVC as raw material is a honeycomb mesh structure. Also known as decorative film with adhesive film, it is a kind of vacuum blister film, which is used for surface packaging of various panels, filling building materials, packaging, medicine and many other industries.
What is PVC Board
PVC board accounts for the largest proportion in the building materials industry, at 60%, followed by the packaging industry, and there are other small-scale applications. According to the degree of softness and hardness, it can be pided into soft PVC and hard PVC. According to the production process, it can be pided into PVC skinned foam board and PVC free foam board. According to transparent and opaque, it can be pided into PVC transparent board and PVC board.
PVC board polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic is a polymer made by free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, the English name is polyviny chloride, or abbreviation as PVC. PVC can be pided into soft PVC and hard PVC. Among them, hard PVC accounts for about 2/3 of the market, and soft PVC accounts for 1/3.
Soft PVC is generally used for floors, ceilings and the surface of leather, but because soft PVC contains softeners, it is easy to become brittle and difficult to store, so its scope of use is limited. , It is not easy to be brittle, non-toxic, non-polluting, and has a long storage time, so it has great development and application value.
PVC foam board has the characteristics of anti-corrosion, moisture-proof, mildew-proof, non-absorbent, easy to thermoform, hot bending processing, etc., so it is widely used in furniture, cabinets, bath cabinets, exhibition shelves, Box core layer, indoor and outdoor decoration, building materials, chemical industry and other fields, advertising signs, printing, silk screen, computer lettering, electronic instrument product packaging and other industries.
PVC rigid plastic board has excellent corrosion resistance, insulation, and certain mechanical strength; after secondary processing, it can be made into a sulfuric acid (hydrochloric acid) tank (barrel box); an empty needle holder for medicine, a chemical process holder; public Toilet water tank; various special-shaped products and containers such as templates, decorative panels, exhaust ducts, equipment linings, etc. of processed products. It is an ideal material for chemical, building materials, decoration and other industries.
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Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
well as their food preferences are included in the concept of food security. There are four
conceptual elements to food security, which include:
• theavailabilityofsuficientquantitiesoffoodofappropriatequality,suppliedthrough
domestic production or imports (including food aid);
• accesstofoodbyindividualswithadequateresourcesforacquiringappropriatefoodsfor
a nutritious diet;
• theutilizationoffoodthroughadequatediet,cleanwater,sanitationandhealthcareto
reach a state of nutritional well-being where all physiological needs are met; and
• thestabilityoftheseelements,inthattobefoodsecure,apopulation,householdorindi-
vidual must have access to adequate food at all times. They should not risk losing access
to food as a consequence of sudden shocks or cyclical events.
The concept has a hierarchical dimension, where food availability is a necessary but not suf-
( Figure 2.1 ).
Adequate food availability is the cornerstone upon which food security rests, as consuming
sufficient macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat and protein) is required for health and well-being.
Although for most of human history, lives were short and unhealthy because of lack of ade-
quate food, beginning in the eighteenth century a succession of countries was able to provide
the entire population with adequate food, transforming both individual health and the
economy of the region, enabling a great increase in economic productivity (Fogel, 2004). By
the twentieth century, nearly all communities and countries were able to provide adequate
Food security is achieved…
An area: crop
planting date,
vegetation or crop
condition, amount and
timing of rain, drought,
market availability of
food, food prices, imports,
exports, public stocks,
household stocks, wild
food availability, etc.
Individual: prevalent
diseases, malnutrition,
care of infants, feeding
and food preparation
practices, presence
of health and sanitation
facilities, water supply
characteristics, etc.
Household/community: local household food crop and
animal production, household sales of goods and
services, conditions of other income sources, labor
wage rates, food aid, assets, etc.
FIGURE 2.1 Foodsecurityismadeupoftheutilization,availabilityandaccesstofood,whichcan
be assessed at the individual, area and community levels of analysis (source: Gary
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ⓘ String instrument
Bowed string instrument
Bowed string instruments are a subcategory of string instruments that are played by a bow rubbing the strings. The bow rubbing the string causes vibration which the instrument emits as sound. The Arabic rabāb is the earliest known bowed instrument, and the ancestor of all European bowed instruments, including the rebec, lyra and violin.
Plucked string instrument
Plucked string instruments are a subcategory of string instruments that are played by plucking the strings. Plucking is a way of pulling and releasing the string in such a way as to give it an impulse that causes the string to vibrate. Plucking can be done with either a finger or a plectrum. Most plucked string instruments belong to the lute family, which generally consist of a resonating body, and a neck; the strings run along the neck and can be stopped at different pitches. The zither family does not have a neck, and the strings are stretched across the soundboard. In the harp family in ...
String (music)
Bridge (instrument)
A bridge is a device that supports the strings on a stringed musical instrument and transmits the vibration of those strings to another structural component of the instrument - typically a soundboard, such as the top of a guitar or violin - which transfers the sound to the surrounding air. Depending on the instrument, the bridge may be made of carved wood, metal or other materials. The bridge supports the strings and holds them over the body of the instrument under tension.
ⓘ String instrument
Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum - and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow. In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord, the musician presses a key that plucks the string.
In most string instruments, the vibrations are transmitted to the body of the instrument, which often incorporates some sort of hollow or enclosed area. The body of the instrument also vibrates, along with the air inside it. The vibration of the body of the instrument and the enclosed hollow or chamber make the vibration of the string more audible to the performer and audience. The body of most string instruments is hollow. Some, however - such as electric guitar and other instruments that rely on electronic amplification - may have a solid wood body.
String instrument design refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period 1600–1750 of musical history. Violins and guitars became more consistent in design and were roughly similar to acoustic guitars of the 2000s. The violins of the Renaissance featured intricate woodwork and stringing, while more elaborate bass instruments such as the bandora were produced alongside quill-plucked citterns, and Spanish body guitars.
In the 1960s, larger, more powerful guitar amplifiers were developed, called "stacks". These powerful amplifiers enabled guitarists to perform in rock bands that played in large venues such as stadiums and outdoor music festivals e.g., Woodstock Music Festival. Along with the development of guitar amplifiers, a large range of electronic effects units, many in small stompbox pedals were introduced in the 1960s and 1970s, such as fuzz pedals, flangers and phaser enabling performers to create unique new sounds during the psychedelic rock era. Breakthroughs in electric guitar and basses technologies and playing styles enabled major breakthroughs in pop and rock music in the 1960s and 1970s. The distinctive sound of the amplified electric guitar was the centerpiece of new genres of music such as blues rock and jazz-rock fusion. The sonic power of the loudly amplified, highly distorted electric guitar was to key element of the early heavy metal music, with the distorted guitar being used in lead guitar roles, and with power chords as a rhythm guitar.
The ongoing use of electronic amplification and effects units in string instruments, ranging from traditional instruments like the violin to the new electric guitar, added variety to contemporary classical music performances, and enabled experimentation in the dynamic and timbre tone colour range of orchestras, bands, and solo performances.
1.1. Types of instruments Construction
String instruments can be divided in three groups
Lutes Instruments that support the strings via a neck and a bout gourd ", for instance a guitar, a violin, or a saz Harps Instruments that contain the strings within a frame Zithers Instruments that have the strings mounted on a body, frame or tube, such as a guqin, a cimbalom, an autoharp, harpsichord, a piano, or a valiha
1.2. Types of instruments Playing techniques
All string instruments produce sound from one or more vibrating strings, transferred to the air by the body of the instrument or by a pickup in the case of electronically amplified instruments. They are usually categorised by the technique used to make the strings vibrate or by the primary technique, in the case of instruments where more than one may apply. The three most common techniques are plucking, bowing, and striking. An important difference between bowing and plucking is that in the former the phenomenon is periodic so that the overtones are kept in a strictly harmonic relationship to the fundamental.
1.3. Types of instruments Plucking
Plucking is a method of playing on instruments such as the veena, banjo, ukulele, guitar, harp, lute, mandolin, oud, and sitar, using either a finger, thumb, or quills now plastic plectra to pluck the strings.
Instruments normally played by bowing see below may also be plucked, a technique referred to by the Italian term pizzicato.
1.4. Types of instruments Bowing
The ravanahatha is one of the oldest string instruments. Ancestors of the modern bowed string instruments are the rebab of the Islamic Empires, the Persian kamanche and the Byzantine lira. Other bowed instruments are the rebec, hardingfele, nyckelharpa, kokyū, erhu, igil, sarangi and Kni. The hurdy-gurdy is bowed by a wheel. Rarely, the guitar has been played with a bow rather than plucked for unique effects.
1.5. Types of instruments Striking
Violin family string instrument players are occasionally instructed to strike the string with the stick of the bow, a technique called col legno. This yields a percussive sound along with the pitch of the note. A well-known use of col legno for orchestral strings is Gustav Holsts "Mars" movement from The Planets suite.
1.6. Types of instruments Other methods
2. Changing the pitch of a vibrating string
There are three ways to change the pitch of a vibrating string. String instruments are tuned by varying the strings tension because adjusting length or mass per unit length is impractical. Instruments with a fingerboard are then played by adjusting the length of the vibrating portion of the strings. The following observations all apply to a string that is infinitely flexible strung between two fixed supports. Real strings have finite curvature at the bridge and nut, and the bridge, because of its motion, are not exactly nodes of vibration. Hence the following statements about proportionality are approximations.
2.1. Changing the pitch of a vibrating string Length
Pitch can be adjusted by varying the length of the string. A longer string results in a lower pitch, while a shorter string results in a higher pitch. The frequency is inversely proportional to the length:
f ∝ 1 l {\displaystyle f\propto {\frac {1}{l}}}
A string twice as long produces a tone of half the frequency one octave lower.
2.2. Changing the pitch of a vibrating string Tension
Pitch can be adjusted by varying the tension of the string. A string with less tension looser results in a lower pitch, while a string with greater tension tighter results in a higher pitch. A homemade washtub bass made out of a length of rope, a broomstick and a washtub can produce different pitches by increasing the tension on the rope producing a higher pitch or reducing the tension producing a lower pitch. The frequency is proportional to the square root of the tension:
f ∝ T {\displaystyle f\propto {\sqrt {T}}}
2.3. Changing the pitch of a vibrating string Linear density
f ∝ 1 μ {\displaystyle f\propto {1 \over {\sqrt {\mu }}}}
3. String length or scale length
The length of the string from nut to bridge on bowed or plucked instruments ultimately determines the distance between different notes on the instrument. For example, a double bass with its low range needs a scale length of around 42 inches 110 cm, whilst a violin scale is only about 13 inches 33 cm. On the shorter scale of the violin, the left hand may easily reach a range of slightly more than two octaves without shifting position, while on the bass longer scale, a single octave or a ninth is reachable in lower positions.
4. Contact points along the string
In keyboard instruments, the contact point along the string is a choice made by the instrument designer. Builders use a combination of experience and acoustic theory to establish the right set of contact points.
5. Production of multiple notes
A single string at a certain tension and length only produces one note. To produce multiple notes, string instruments use one of two methods. One is to add enough strings to cover the required range of different notes. The other is to provide a way to stop the strings along their length to shorten the part that vibrates, which is the method used in guitar and violin family instruments to produce different notes from the same string. The piano and harp represent the first method, where each note on the instrument has its own string or course of multiple strings tuned to the same note. Many notes on a piano are strung with a "choir" of three strings tuned alike, to increase the volume. A guitar represents the second method - the players fingers push the string against the fingerboard so that the string is pressed firmly against a metal fret. Pressing the string against a fret while plucking or strumming it shortens the vibrating part and thus produces a different note.
Some zithers combine stoppable melody strings with a greater number of "open" harmony or chord strings. On instruments with stoppable strings, such as the violin or guitar, the player can shorten the vibrating length of the string, using their fingers directly or more rarely through some mechanical device, as in the nyckelharpa and the hurdy-gurdy. Such instruments usually have a fingerboard attached to the neck of the instrument, that provides a hard flat surface the player can stop the strings against. On some string instruments, the fingerboard has frets, raised ridges perpendicular to the strings, that stop the string at precise intervals, in which case the fingerboard is also called a fretboard.
6. Sympathetic strings
7.1. Sound production Acoustic instruments
A vibrating string strung on a very thick log, as a hypothetical example, would make only a very quiet sound, so string instruments are usually constructed in such a way that the vibrating string is coupled to a hollow resonating chamber, a soundboard, or both. On the violin, for example the four strings pass over a thin wooden bridge resting on a hollow box the body of the violin. The normal force applied to the body from the strings is supported in part by a small cylinder of wood called the soundpost. The violin body also has two "f-holes" carved on the top. The strings vibrations are distributed via the bridge and soundpost to all surfaces of the instrument, and are thus made louder by matching of the acoustic impedance. The correct technical explanation is that they allow a better match to the acoustic impedance of the air.
It is sometimes said that the sounding board or soundbox "amplifies" the sound of the strings. In reality, no power amplification occurs, because all of the energy to produce sound comes from the vibrating string. The mechanism is that the sounding board of the instrument provides a larger surface area to create sound waves than that of the string and therefore acts a matching element between the acoustic impedance of the string and that of the surrounding air. A larger vibrating surface can sometimes produce better matching; especially at lower frequencies.
Achieving a tonal characteristic that is effective and pleasing to the players and listeners ear is something of an art and craft, as well as a science, and the makers of string instruments often seek very high quality woods to this end, particularly spruce chosen for its lightness, strength and flexibility and maple a very hard wood. Spruce is used for the sounding boards of instruments from the violin to the piano. Instruments such as the banjo use a drum, covered in natural or synthetic skin as their soundboard.
7.2. Sound production Electronic amplification
Most string instruments can be fitted with piezoelectric or magnetic pickups to convert the strings vibrations into an electrical signal that is amplified and then converted back into sound by loudspeakers. Some players attach a pickup to their traditional string instrument to "electrify" it. Another option is to use a solid-bodied instrument, which reduces unwanted feedback howls or squeals.
8. Symphonic strings
The string instruments usually used in the orchestra, and often called the "symphonic strings" or string section are:
• Cellos
• Double basses
• Violas
• Violins divided into two sections - first violins and second violins; these sections play exactly the same instruments; the difference is that the first violins play higher-register lines and the second violins play lower-register parts, accompaniment parts or countermelodies
When orchestral instrumentation specifies "strings," it often means this combination of string parts. Orchestral works rarely omit any of these string parts, but often include additional string instruments, especially the concert harp and piano. In the Baroque orchestra from the 1600s–1750 or with modern groups playing early music harpsichord is almost always used to play the basso continuo part the written-out bass line and improvised chords, and often a theorbo or lute or a pipe organ. In some classical music, such as the string quartet, the double bass is not typically used; the cello plays the bass role in this literature.
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Water revitalization brings the well into your home
Ausseer Wassermann
Does your water taste stale?
Do you often feel thirsty but you do not have the feeling it is necessary to drink water?
This can be because the tap water in your house or apartment is not revitalized enough.
Read more about intelligent water revitalization here!
How water stays alive
Healthy drinking water is characterized by the fact that it flows from the ground from a great depth with its own pressure. It is largely free of harmful substances, enriched with oxygen and constantly in motion.
By whirling around stones and running down the slope of the mountain into the valley, it collects energy and oxygen. It tingles with liveliness.
In order for water to remain invigorated and rich in energy, it needs the movement, through gradients and windings, that a natural water flow brings with it. As soon as water flows through straight pipes, it loses all its vitality.
But the water that comes out of our tap usually has a long way behind it through straight pipes. It has lost its energy, its freshness.
What does water do for our body?
Water is nature, source of energy, healing power.
The adult human being consists of two thirds of water. We need water to
• regulate our body temperature,
• to transport nutrients into the cells and
• to remove metabolic end products again.
Even a slight lack of fluids of around 5% of the body weight can trigger serious health problems. For example muscle cramps and apathy, accelerated heart activity or vomiting.
And 15% fluid deficit can be fatal. An adult should take in around 2 to 2.5 liters of fluid daily, although the need can increase significantly with physical exertion and heat.
So if you have no need to drink, it could be that your tap water is not revitalized enough. It tastes bland and you put your water glass away after a small sip.
But drinking enough water is very important for your health and beauty!
Your water becomes the vital elixir of life. It can therefore optimally fulfill its properties as a natural solvent and purification agent in the body.
The solution: water revitalization by the Ausseer Wassermann
Our brain in particular needs the life-giving water, our well-being depends on the quality of the drinking water. Water should be full of oxygen and energy. And it should contain as little lime as possible.
If you want to learn more about calcium in water, please read on here.
The further the water is on its way to you and the more technology it meets on the way to you, the weaker the structure.
With the products from Ausseer Wassermann there is a simple solution for everyone who wants to produce pollutant-free, oxygen-revitalized water full of energy:
Thanks to a specially developed vortex chamber and the unique implosion vortex, our AKVOMED gives the water its natural energy back.
The message of the water
Water has a memory and can absorb information from its surroundings. This is what Dr. Masaru Emoto by accident. And he made it visible to everyone in numerous experiments using his crystal photography.
His impressive pictures of water crystals show how water reacts to information by developingdifferent structures depending on its origin or treatment.
This theory is also used in some alternative healing methods such as homeopathy and Bach flowers, in which aqueous solutions are used as information carriers.
(Bild Koha Verlag, ISBN-13: 978-3867281232)
Shapes of tap water
(Verlag Koha, ISBN-13 : 978-3867281454)
In the pictures by Emoto you can clearly see the difference between natural water from the mountain and tap water.
The crystals of natural water are beautifully and symmetrically built.
That of tap water is mutilated in most cases.
Water that is alive also tastes like that!
Water revitalization through our systems: AKVOMED and SPIROMED from Ausseer Wassermann
Based on our knowledge of the implosion principle, we have developed our AKVOMED und SPIROMED water revitalization systems.
What is the implosion principle
In nature, water is used to take many detours, the water ist constantly in motion and revitalized. The waster molecules rub into each other. That brings energy.
By the time water reaches our household, however, it has congealed many kilometers through straight pipes. And probably already has a few pumping stations behind it.
In terms of energy, the water is “dead”. The implosion turbulence of AKVOMED gives it back its natural structure and energy.
Structural change in some groups of lime molecules
E-coli bacteria multiply more slowly
Increase in dissolved oxygen (PH value moves to the neutral middle)
Deletion of electromagnetic information
Order status is increased (as with spring water)
Breaking up and reorganizing the cluster structure
Promotion of growth in plants
With AKVOMED or SPIROMED you get the source of your life directly into your home.
AKVOMED and SPIROMED water revitalization – what’s the difference ?
The heart of our water revitalization systems is
the implosion swirler with adjoining swirl chamber and
the separate alignment of the magnets, which convert lime into aragonite, so that it does not cling to pipes or devices.
We also offer different products for the house or apartment for both systems.
But the real difference between AKVOMED and SPIROMED is the possibility of opening the drawers of the AKVOMED under water pressure in order to supplement it with BIO-TRANSMITTERS. And to liven up and refine your drinking water with additional vibrations.
Revitalize your water with vibrational energy
The AKVOMED system can be opened and you can use special bio-transmitters. The transmission of the natural messenger substances takes place through micromagnetically informed quartz sand
The range of BIO-TRANSMITTER includes
Mountain stream transmitter
Gemstone transmitter
Sun UVA / UVB transmitter
Homeopathy transmitter
We manufacture also individual transmitters for you and your family adapted to your needs.
Interesting experiments with revitalized water
Fruit lasts longer with AKVOMED water
For this experiment, we took two nectarines, one of which was placed in water revitalized by AKVOMED for 30 minutes, the other in “normal” water from the same water pipe.
After 15 days:
With the nectarine (left) that was in AKVOMED only the contact surface has become soft, while the other (right) is already rotten and infected with mold.
After 30 days:
The nectarine treated with AKVOMED-water (left) is now rotten, but the mold from the neighboring fruit has not spread. The other fruit, on the other hand, is just a pile of mold.
We invite you to try a similar experiment yourself. Convince yourself!
We would be happy to advise you on the selection of the right water revitalization system.
Our products
For houses and apartments. Slots for biostransmitters.
For apartments, small holiday homes and when you are traveling.
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Fingle Bridge Dartmoor National Park Devon
Fingle Bridge is a 17th-century stone arch bridge carrying an unclassified road over the River Teign near Drewsteignton, within Dartmoor National Park in Devon, England. This packhorse bridge has three arches and the two central piers are surrounded by triangular cutwaters extending upwards to form pedestrian refuges, and is a Grade II listed building.
Fingle Bridge takes its name from Fingle Brook, a minor tributary which flows into the Teign adjacent to the bridge. Fingle is derived from the old English “fang”, meaning to catch, a reference to the suitability of the stretch of river for fishing.
The bridge sits in the base of the deep Teign Gorge, between the ancient hillforts of Prestonbury Castle 130 metres (430ft) above the river to the north and Cranbrook Castle 230 metres (750ft) above to the south, and the bridge is built on the historic crossing point between the two. In its early years the bridge was an important crossing over the Teign used by packhorses transporting corn and wood products across the gorge, although the track up to Cranbrook Castle is now an unmaintained byway such that the bridge leads only to a car park on the south side of the river for roadgoing vehicles, the bridge’s function having been replaced by the larger and more accessible Dogmarsh Bridge further upstream on the A382 road.
English Heritage believe the arches were repaired, in the 19th century.
In 1897 Jesse Ashplant founded the Fingle Bridge Tea Shelter on the north landing of the bridge, serving refreshments to the fishermen, tourists and grain carriers of the day. This developed into the Anglers’ Rest pub and was later renamed as the Fingle Bridge Inn.
In 1955 Fingle Bridge was designated a Grade II listed building, reclassified in 1967 as Grade II.
Intro Music:-
Main Music:-
View on YouTube
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Roosevelt Institute | Cornell University
Women and Children Last? Initial Vaccine Distribution
By Genevieve RichardsPublished December 22, 2020
As promises of a Coronavirus vaccine are set to enter reality by 2021, America is hopeful. For a country whose pandemic response has revolved around protecting private industries and trying to keep the economy open with the expectation of a vaccine, this could mean the difference of hundreds of thousands of lives. However, before we celebrate any potential return to normalcy, we must first consider what groups should receive the initial vaccines — and why.
America also now finds itself in a very unique position, having to decide who to prioritize for vaccination. Vaccinations have historically been rolled out in either very small or very large quantities; this in conjunction with the country’s emphasis on free-market distribution has usually spared the government from making the type of life-saving decisions it now grapples with. Vaccine determinations are now mainly based on risk, but it may make sense to prioritize occupation and behavior if ending the pandemic is the goal.
The CDC currently plans to have four groups receive the vaccine first: healthcare workers, other essential workers, individuals with chronic health conditions, and seniors 65 and older. There is little doubt that healthcare and essential workers should be among the first to receive the vaccine, as they have been working on the front lines of the pandemic. There are, however, questions surrounding whether the rest of society would perhaps be better served by a different order — vaccinating younger people before the elderly.
While older adults and adults with preexisting conditions have higher mortality rates from COVID-19, vaccinating them may not slow the pandemic or prevent others from getting sick. A study of the H1N1 flu found that fewer people would get sick in the long run if children ages 5 to 19 were vaccinated, as they were responsible for the majority of the spread. Although this younger age group had a much lower mortality rate and chance of complications than other at-risk groups, prioritizing them would slow the pandemic overall and protect others more effectively. The study concluded that by first vaccinating young people, thousands of deaths, and billions of dollars in economic damages, would be spared.
Coronavirus research, unlike H1N1, is lacking in information about who is spreading the virus. Due to people’s altered patterns of behavior (wearing masks, closing schools, workplaces, etc.), it’s impossible to create a model showing which demographic group is more responsible for transmitting the virus. While some suggestions are available, there is currently no definitive evidence that either children or the elderly are more responsible for the current Coronavirus spread.
However, there are other considerations besides pure, epidemiological risks for vaccine distribution. New research suggests the vaccine will not be free of side effects, and these side effects could be quite substantial for some, with flu-like symptoms potentially including body aches, fever, and headaches. Whether some groups would be better able to handle these side effects than others may be of concern as well. The same altered population behavior may be important to review as well. Society must ask: Is it more important to get children back to school in-person by vaccinating them and their teachers? Does this same logic apply to college students? Likewise, does it make sense to vaccinate workers and have them return to the workplace without also sending their kids to school? One may conclude from these questions that activities essential to a group’s lifestyle warrant receiving a vaccine more than, say, elderly people with more solitary lifestyles. Younger people with stronger immune systems may be more willing, and a safer choice, to receive an initial vaccine.
Questions also arise around whether the planned rollout even makes sense from an equity standpoint. People of color, specifically black Americans, have suffered a disproportionately high amount from coronavirus, with higher rates of hospitalizations and deaths, but there are few established proposals using race or ethnicity as a factor for early vaccination. Men have higher mortality rates from COVID-19 (as they do for most diseases), but women make up more of the long-haulers whose recovery takes longer. Yet, there are virtually no proposals that use sex as a factor for a vaccination group.
Currently, there is no perfect answer to support any group receiving a vaccine first. While epidemiological research as to the efficacy and equity of prioritizing certain groups over others is incomplete, science alone cannot answer the question of who we value more. Before a vaccine is made widely available to the entire population, we should not blindly consider the present CDC recommendations for initial groups as the inherent best. Instead, we must continue to critically consider population behavior in conjunction with scientific models while making future decisions, and to be more transparent about the goals of the vaccine.
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Climate change may lead to heat waves, minimize rainfall
ISLAMABAD, Pakistan: Severe global warming and rapid climate changes can lead to a rise in sea level, intense heat waves, drought and diminished rainfall across the country.
Despite producing comparatively less greenhouse gases, Pakistan is facing some of the worst effects of greenhouse gases.
Pakistan’s global contribution towards greenhouse gases is just 0.3% but we are still facing the `worst form of climate change fallout across the world, said environmental scientist Professor Dr Moazzam Ali Khan.
Explaining the phenomenon of global warming, he said carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases act like a blanket, absorbing infrared radiation and preventing it from escaping into outer space. The net effect is the gradual heating of the Earth’s atmosphere and surface, known as global warming.
To a question, he said climate change was the main factor in rise of the minimum recorded temperature in the country.
Commenting on efforts at the level of general public that can help improving the environment, Dr Khan said “the easiest way to reduce the challenges to climate change is to plant local trees species like Neem, Moringa and Amaltas and discourage the trend to implant imported species.”
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Category Archives: Pruning
Shrubs to Prune in Late Winter – Which Ones and How?
hydrid Kordesii Rose John Davis
Please feel free to contact Carol with any questions.
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Panicle hydrangea in Sharon, MA garden
Why didn’t your hydrangeas bloom this year? Most likely they were either pruned at the wrong time of year or their flower buds were damaged by winter weather or foraging deer. This panicle hydrangea, recognized by it’s cone-shaped flower head, is in a Sharon, MA garden. still blooming in early October.
With so many species and numerous cultivars, hydrangeas confuse many gardeners and even landscape designers when it comes to understanding the best time of year for pruning. Many gardeners prune at exactly the wrong time, eliminating almost all flower buds for the entire season.
Most early blooming shrubs, including some hydrangeas, develop their flower buds during the summer and fall of the previous year. This is known as blooming on old wood. Other hydrangeas develop their flower buds in the spring every year, then bloom later in the season. This is called blooming on new wood. Hydrangea cultivars such as Endless Summer™ bloom on both old and new wood.
Panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata) and smooth hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens) develop their flower buds on new stems (new wood). Therefore they can be pruned back severely in the late fall or early spring to manage their size, and they will still provide flowers. Even after exceptionally cold winters where stems are killed to the ground, new spring stems will produce flowers. In our climate and soils, panicle hydrangea and smooth hydrangea are typically the easiest species to grow and provide the best show. Panicle hydrangeas, for instance, can bloom from July through October.
Common panicle hydrangea cultivars include: Limelight’, Vanilla Strawberry, Little Quick Fire, ‘Grandiflora’ aka PeeGee, ‘Fire and Ice’, Bobo®, ‘Bombshell’, ‘Little Lamb’, Quick Fire®, ‘Pee Wee’; Pinky Winky®, ‘Praecox’, and ‘Tardiva’. You can recognize them by their cone-shaped flower heads.
Common smooth hydrangea cultivars include: ‘Annabelle’, Invincibelle Spirit®, Incrediball®, and ‘Grandiflora’.
By contrast, hydrangeas that bloom in the spring bloom predominantly on old wood from flower buds that were formed during the previous summer and fall. They include bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), mountain hydrangea (Hydrangea serrata) and climbing hydrangea (Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris). These varieties should be pruned immediately after the flowers start to fade. You can cut off the just the flowers or cut the stem at any point you need to in order to control the size and shape of the shrub. If you prune later in the year, you’ll be removing next year’s flower buds.
If you know the type of hydrangea you have in your garden, it can take some of the mystery out of understanding why they’re not blooming as you expected, and knowing when to prune them. If you do not know what type of hydrangea you have, do not prune them. Remove only the dead wood in spring, then wait until they bloom to determine when to prune them the following year. If they’re planted in a favorable position in your landscape, they’re well worth waiting for.
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Aphrodisias Turkey
Aphrodisias is one of the oldest sacred sites in Turkey, dedicated first to the ancient Mother Goddess and later to the Greek goddess Aphrodite.
Quick Facts
Go Historic ID
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5800 BCE
First signs of occupation at the site later known as Aphrodisias.
150 BCE
A fertility shrine in southwest Turkey is known as "Aphrodisias" by this time, indicating its dedication to the Greek goddess Aphrodite. The cult of Aphrodite at Aphrodisias is distinctive, reflecting the goddess' ancient origins and commonalities with ot
85 BCE
After defeating Mithridates VI, king of Pontus, the Roman dictator Sulla sends gifts to Aphrodisias to reward its unwavering loyalty to the the Romans during the conflict. The shrine city begins to prosper.
40 BCE
Aphrodisias is sacked by the Parthians.
39 BCE
Octavian (later known as Augustus) grants Aphrodisias the privileges of autonomy and tax-free status, declaring it to be "the one city from all of Asia that I have selected to be my own."
50 CE
Construction of the Temple of Aphrodite
Archaeological excavations begin at Aphrodisias, which gradually reveal a theater, odeon, basilica, market, houses, baths, monumental gateway, and sanctuary for worship of the Roman emperor.
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Who are the stakeholders in childhood obesity?
Who is responsible for childhood obesity?
What role do parents play in childhood obesity?
In fact, parents may be able to buffer the impact of larger, environmental factors on whether or not a child becomes overweight. Studies have shown that parents who engage in healthier eating and activity habits are more likely to have children who mimic these behaviors as they grow into adulthood.
Who is responsible for obesity?
Who does obesity affect in Australia?
That’s around 12.5 million adults. Men had higher rates of overweight and obesity than women (75% of men and 60% of women), and higher rates of obesity (33% of men and 30% of women). Obesity is more common in older age groups—16% of adults aged 18–24 were obese, compared with 41% of adults aged 65–74.
How can we prevent childhood obesity?
Fats and Sweets
1. Discourage eating meals or snacks while watching TV. …
2. Buy fewer high-calorie, low-nutrient foods. …
3. Avoid labeling foods as “good” or “bad.” All foods in moderation can be part of a healthy diet.
4. Involve children in planning, shopping, and preparing meals. …
5. Make the most of snacks.
How can we help children with obesity?
1. be a good role model.
3. keep to child-sized portions.
4. eat healthy meals, drinks and snacks.
5. less screen time and more sleep.
Do parents contribute to child obesity?
These factors could contribute to an increased food intake and ultimately higher risk for obesity. Another important risk factor for childhood obesity is having parents who are obese. Children with 2 obese parents are 10 to 12 times more likely to be obese.
What causes childhood obesity?
What is the parents role in child development?
The proper role of the parent is to provide encouragement, support, and access to activities that enable the child to master key developmental tasks. … Child Development specialists have learned that from birth children are goal-directed to experiment and learn from each experience.
Who is to blame for the rise in obesity?
Is junk food the only reason for obesity?
Is fast food to blame for obesity in society?
Why is obesity such a big problem in Australia?
Overweight and obesity is a major public health issue in Australia. It results from a sustained energy imbalance—when energy intake from eating and drinking is greater than energy expended through physical activity.
What is the most obese country in the world?
Who is most at risk of obesity in Australia?
The prevalence of obesity was found to be highest among those aged 55 64 (29%), with the lowest rates being among those aged 25 34 (15%) or 75 years and over (14%). Prevalence patterns for all overweight people were similar, with the prevalence increasing with age to 65 74 years, and declining thereafter.
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identify and select appropriate interventions including diagnostic
Assignment Objectives:
o Identify and select appropriate interventions including diagnostic tests and nursing interventions.
o Analyze physiological and psychological responses to illness and treatment modalities
Purpose: Examine case studies related to neurologic disease and answer the assigned questions. This assignment should help refine your clinical/critical thinking skills.
Assignment Description:
o Describe the pathophysiology of extradural and subdural hematomas.
o Identify the surgical emergency and provided rationale for the choice.
o Describe the most likely type of head injury and outline an approriate treatment plan.
o Your answer must follow APA 6th edition format.
o Submit the answer to this assignment area.
Patient 1 – Two individuals come to the emergency department with head injuries. One, 25 years old, has just been in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and has a temporal lobe injury. The other, 65 years old, has increasing confusion after a fall that happened earlier in the week.
a. Differentiate the pathophysiology of extradural hematoma and subdural hematoma.
b. Identify the patient in the above scenario requiring immediate emergency surgical intervention and provide rationale for your choice.
Patient 2 – An 38 year old was driving his 1970 Chevy Corvette to a Milwaukee Brewers baseball game when a deer jumped out in front of him on the highway. He swerved his car and hit a telephone pole instead. His head hit the windshield and he suffered severe head trauma.
a. Describe the most likely specific type of head injury he suffered.
b. Outline the treatment plan for this patient.
Estimated time to complete: 6 hours
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FAQ: Where Was Obama Inauguration?
Where did Obama announce his presidency?
On February 10, 2007, Barack Obama, then-junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in Springfield, Illinois. Obama announced his candidacy at the Old State Capitol building, where Abraham Lincoln had delivered his “House Divided” speech.
Where was the inauguration of the first US president held?
Locations. Most presidential inaugurations since 1801 have been held in Washington D.C. at the Capitol Building. Prior inaugurations were held, first at Federal Hall in New York City (1789), and then at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1793 and 1797). Each city was, at the time, the nation’s capital.
Who sang at Obama’s first inauguration?
Performer(s) / Speaker(s) Act
Barack Obama Speech: Voices Calling for Change
You might be interested: Question: Who Changed The Date Of Inauguration Day?
Who wrote Obama inauguration speech?
How did Obama win in 2008?
Obama won a decisive victory over McCain, winning the Electoral College and the popular vote by a sizable margin, including states that had not voted for the Democratic presidential candidate since 1976 (North Carolina) and 1964 (Indiana and Virginia).
When did Obama choose his running mate?
Senator Joe Biden of Delaware was chosen by Barack Obama as his running mate on August 22, 2008.
Who swears in the president?
In order to assume his or her duties, the President-elect must recite the Oath of Office. The Oath is administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The President-elect places the left hand on the Bible, raises the right hand, and takes the Oath as directed by the Chief Justice.
Who was the first president in the United States?
You might be interested: FAQ: When Was George Washington's Second Inauguration?
Who sang at last at Obama?
What happens when two queens of music get into a public spat? The world found out when Beyoncé performed at the 2009 inauguration of U.S. President Barack Obama. During her performance, Beyoncé did a cover of “At Last,” one of the most well-known songs by the late musician Etta James.
Who performed at President Trump’s Inauguration Day?
Who performed at George W Bush’s inauguration?
What did Obama talk about in his inaugural address?
How long was Obama inaugural speech?
What is the purpose of the presidential inauguration address?
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Anime Merchandise And Modern Age
The beginning of Anime
Japan began producing animation in 1917, still, the era of silent cinema, using trial and error drawings and cropped animation techniques, based on animated shorts from France and the United States. People started talking about the high quality of Japanese “manga movies”. But Japanese anime were more expensive to produce than Western animations and were overshadowed by the popularity of Disney cartoons. From the beginning, they faced a tough battle.
The continuous struggle of the people
One of the things that helped them find their niche was anime production for public relations and advertising campaigns for public institutions. Domestic anime production was starting to develop a small but solid base when Tokyo and its neighborhoods suffered catastrophic damage in the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923. The anime industry was forced to start from scratch. The industry continued to struggle, unable to respond adequately to subsequent innovations, including the appearance of the first talkies in 1929 and the color film in 1932. During this period, Ōfuji Noburō gained international recognition for Bagudajō no tōzoku (The Thief of Bagdad Castle), which he made by cutting and gluing chiyogami (Japanese colored paper). His film is remembered as the first to make his presence felt outside of Japan.
The impact of war
Many other promising anime artists appeared one after another, but as the war approached, the products were extremely scarce as the national environment became militaristic. The film was also not easy to make. It is in this context that the first feature film in the history of Japanese anime was released. Momotarō: Umi no shinpei (Momotarō’s Divine Sea Warriors, B&W, 74 minutes), produced by the navy, was released shortly before the end of the war. This was a propaganda film designed to boost morale and commitment to the war effort. Shortly after the war ended, the Allied Occupation Headquarters (GHQ) gathered 100 anime artists in the bombed-out ruins of Tokyo to form Shin Nihon Dōgasha, or New Japan Animation Company. The aim was to facilitate the spread of employment policies by having artists produce anime in praise of democracy. However, many of the artists were fiercely independent and territorial, and the company was divided by disagreements from the start. The project went off course and was eventually dissolved. GHQ also threw in the towel. It seemed that the transition from militarism to democracy was not going to be so easy.
Anime in the modern age
After the war, Japan started its struggle to lift their country from the earth and we all know that they did it. They worked hard in every field of life and now this modern country has become one of the developed countries. This country worked diligently in every business and field of life. The Anime is one of the best achievements of the country. Now the anime merchandise has become popular all over the world. The place to buy anime merchandise in Malaysia is available in almost every big city of Malaysia.
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Luau uses the baseline syntax of Lua 5.1. For detailed documentation, please refer to the Lua manual, this is an example:
local function tree_insert(tree, x)
local lower, equal, greater = split(tree.root, x)
if not equal then
equal = {
x = x,
y = math.random(0, 2^31-1),
left = nil,
right = nil
tree.root = merge3(lower, equal, greater)
Note that future versions of Lua extend the Lua 5.1 syntax with the following features; Luau does support string literal extensions but does not support other features from this list:
• hexadecimal (\x), Unicode (\u) and \z escapes for string literals
• goto statements and labels
• bitwise operators
• floor division operator (//)
• <toclose> and <const> local attributes
For details please refer to compatibility section.
The rest of this document documents additional syntax used in Luau.
String literals
As noted above, Luau implements support for hexadecimal (\0x), Unicode (\u) and \z escapes for string literals. This syntax follows Lua 5.3 syntax:
• \xAB inserts a character with the code 0xAB into the string
• \u{ABC} inserts a UTF8 byte sequence that encodes U+0ABC character into the string (note that braces are mandatory)
• \z at the end of the line inside a string literal ignores all following whitespace including newlines, which can be helpful for breaking long literals into multiple lines.
Number literals
In addition to basic integer and floating-point decimal numbers, Luau supports:
• Hexadecimal integer literals, 0xABC or 0XABC
• Binary integer literals, 0b01010101 or 0B01010101
• Decimal separators in all integer literals, using _ for readability: 1_048_576, 0xFFFF_FFFF, 0b_0101_0101
Note that Luau only has a single number type, a 64-bit IEEE754 double precision number (which can represent integers up to 2^53 exactly), and larger integer literals are stored with precision loss.
Continue statement
In addition to break in all loops, Luau supports continue statement. Similar to break, continue must be the last statement in the block.
Note that unlike break, continue is not a keyword. This is required to preserve backwards compatibility with existing code; so this is a continue statement:
if x < 0 then
Whereas this is a function call:
if x < 0 then
When used in repeat..until loops, continue can not skip the declaration of a local variable if that local variable is used in the loop condition; code like this is invalid and won’t compile:
do continue end
local a = 5
until a > 0
Compound assignments
Luau supports compound assignments with the following operators: +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, ^=, ..=. Just like regular assignments, compound assignments are statements, not expressions:
-- this works
a += 1
-- this doesn't work
print(a += 1)
Compound assignments only support a single value on the left and right hand side; additionally, the function calls on the left hand side are only evaluated once:
-- calls foo() twice
a[foo()] = a[foo()] + 1
-- calls foo() once
a[foo()] += 1
Compound assignments call the arithmetic metamethods (__add et al) and table indexing metamethods (__index and __newindex) as needed - for custom types no extra effort is necessary to support them.
Type annotations
To support gradual typing, Luau supports optional type annotations for variables and functions, as well as declaring type aliases.
Types can be declared for local variables, function arguments and function return types using : as a separator:
function foo(x: number, y: string): boolean
local k: string = y:rep(x)
return k == "a"
In addition, the type of any expression can be overridden using a type cast :::
local k = (y :: string):rep(x)
There are several simple builtin types: any (represents inability of the type checker to reason about the type), nil, boolean, number, string and thread.
Function types are specified using the arguments and return types, separated with ->:
local foo: (number, string) -> boolean
To return no values or more than one, you need to wrap the return type position with parentheses, and then list your types there.
local no_returns: (number, string) -> ()
local returns_boolean_and_string: (number, string) -> (boolean, string)
function foo(x: number, y: number): (number, string)
return x + y, tostring(x) .. tostring(y)
Note that function types are specified without the argument names in the examples above, but it’s also possible to specify the names (that are not semantically significant but can show up in documentation and autocomplete):
local callback: (errorCode: number, errorText: string) -> ()
Table types are specified using the table literal syntax, using : to separate keys from values:
local array: { [number] : string }
local object: { x: number, y: string }
When the table consists of values keyed by numbers, it’s called an array-like table and has a special short-hand syntax, {T} (e.g. {string}).
Additionally, the type syntax supports type intersections (((number) -> string) & ((boolean) -> string)) and unions ((number | boolean) -> string). An intersection represents a type with values that conform to both sides at the same time, which is useful for overloaded functions; a union represents a type that can store values of either type - any is technically a union of all possible types.
It’s common in Lua for function arguments or other values to store either a value of a given type or nil; this is represented as a union (number | nil), but can be specified using ? as a shorthand syntax (number?).
In addition to declaring types for a given value, Luau supports declaring type aliases via type syntax:
type Point = { x: number, y: number }
type Array<T> = { [number]: T }
type Something = typeof(string.gmatch("", "\d"))
The right hand side of the type alias can be a type definition or a typeof expression; typeof expression doesn’t evaluate its argument at runtime.
By default type aliases are local to the file they are declared in. To be able to use type aliases in other modules using require, they need to be exported:
export type Point = { x: number, y: number }
An exported type can be used in another module by prefixing its name with the require alias that you used to import the module.
local M = require(Other.Module)
local a: M.Point = {x=5, y=6}
For more information please refer to typechecking documentation.
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(b) Isomorphism and polymorphism आइसोोक यज् औ हुू ता (b) Marine mineral resources स ुद्री िननज संसािन (d) Sustainable development in relation to geology Isomorphism ii. Pseudomorphism 4. Rules for substitutions: ! This phenomenon is know as isomorphism (Greek: same shape) and the substances are said to be isomorphism. ? Contact Us. What are different types of radioactive waste forms ? ISOMORPHISM POLYMORPHISM PSEUDOMORPHISM WHAT IS ISOMORPHISM, POLYMORPHISM, PSEUDOMORPHISM? Luster is the reflectivity of a mineral: metallic or non-metallic.Of the non-metallic minerals some may be glassy (vitreous), dull (earthy), or adamantine (bright with many internal reflections) as in diamond.. Color is simply the color of a mineral in hand specimen, but tiny amounts of certain elements like iron can strongly color a hand specimen. Organizing Chair JAM 2021. Mineralogy: Geology is a broad field of study that addresses all aspects of the physical makeup of the planet and how natural forces have changed the planet over time. Phone No. Minerals almost never are pure substances, i.e. These are distinctive View Notes - Geo101PReport from GEO 101 at Mapúa Institute of Technology. Twinning, Polymorphism, Polytypism, Pseudomorphism Twinning in Crystals Sometimes during the growth of a crystal, or if the crystal is subjected to stress or temperature/pressure conditions different from those under which it originally formed, two or more intergrown crystals are formed in a symmetrical fashion. ! The geology of the site (b) Cost of the darn (c) Environmental study (d) Ground water condition in the area. What are 10 different types of polymorphism ? Polymorphism iii. GATE-JAM Office Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Bengaluru - 560012, Karnataka, India substances that obey… Basic concept about isomorphism, polymorphism and pseudomorphism. There are many substances (elements or compounds) which exist in more than one crystalline form which are formed under different conditions of temperature and pressure. SDF-B-GLY Explain using phase rule the binary eutectic nature of diopside-anorthite system. Basic concept about isomorphism, polymorphism and pseudomorphism. Isomorphism (from Greek isos- "equal" and morphe- "shape") has different meanings in fields of biology, math, phsychlogy, and sociology. AND POLYMORPHISM VS. ISOMORPHISM ! Isomorphism = solid solutions: minerals with the same crystal structure in which specific sites can be occupied by two or more elements, ions, or radicals. Define 'isomorphism' and 'polymorphism' with suitable examples. Double sulfates, such as Tutton's salt, with the generic formula M I 2 M II (SO 4) 2.6H 2 O, where M I is an alkali metal and M II is a divalent ion of Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, form a series of isomorphous compounds which were important in the nineteenth century in establishing the correct atomic weights of the transition elements. … Extent of substitution enhanced at higher T ! This phenomenon is known as polymorphism. How are they disposed in 20 geological repository ? What is isomorphism in geology? Isomorphism relevant to my project is defined as a property of atoms of different elements to substitute each other in the formation of solid chemical compounds. These symmetrical intergrowths : 080-2293 2392 E-mail: [email protected] .
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The Analysis of Correlation
A direct romantic relationship refers to your own relationship that exists among two people. It is a close marriage where the relationship is so solid that it may be considered as a familial relationship. This definition does not necessarily mean which it is merely between adults. A close relationship can can be found between a young child and a, a friend, and even a other half and his/her partner.
A direct romantic relationship is often reported in economics as one of the essential factors in determining the cost of a thing. The relationship is normally measured by simply income, wellbeing programs, use preferences, and so forth The analysis of the romance among income and preferences is known as determinants of value. In cases where now there become more than two variables deliberated, each associated with one person, then simply we reference them mainly because exogenous factors.
Let us utilize the example taken into account above to illustrate the analysis for the direct marriage in monetary literature. Be expecting a firm markets its widget, claiming that their golf widget increases its market share. Move into also that there is absolutely no increase in production and workers are loyal for the company. I want to then plot the fads in development, consumption, job, and legitimate gDP. The increase in real gDP drawn against changes in production is usually expected to incline up with raising unemployment rates. The increase in employment is usually expected to slope downward with increasing lack of employment rates.
Your data for these assumptions is for this reason lagged and using lagged estimation techniques the relationship between these factors is hard to determine. The general problem with lagging estimation is usually that the relationships are necessarily continuous in nature because the estimates happen to be obtained by way of sampling. Any time one varied increases while the other lessens, then equally estimates will probably be negative and if perhaps one adjustable increases as the other decreases then both equally estimates will be positive. Hence, the estimations do not directly represent the real relationship between any two variables. These types of problems happen frequently in economic materials and are frequently attributable to the application of correlated variables in an attempt to get robust quotes of the direct relationship.
In situations where the straight estimated romance is detrimental, then the correlation between the immediately estimated variables is 0 % and therefore the estimates provide only the lagged effects of one variable on another. Correlated estimates will be therefore only reliable when the lag is definitely large. Likewise, in cases where the independent varying is a statistically insignificant variable, it is very hard to evaluate the sturdiness of the relationships. Estimates of your effect of declare unemployment on output and consumption will, for example , demonstrate nothing or perhaps very little importance when lack of employment rises, yet may signify a very large negative impact when it drops. Thus, even when the right way to estimate a direct romance exists, an individual must still be cautious about overdoing it, poste one generate unrealistic prospects about the direction of this relationship.
Additionally, it is worth noting that the correlation amongst the two factors does not need to be identical to get there to become significant direct relationship. In many cases, a much more powerful marriage can be established by calculating a weighted signify difference instead of relying simply on the standardized correlation. Measured mean dissimilarities are much better than simply making use of the standardized relationship and therefore provides a much wider range in which to focus the analysis.
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Look It Up
enter image description here
To whom it may concern.
Text Transcription from image:
Puzzle Design
Each title, image, and description is a potential clue, but not all of them have useful information. Critical thinking will be essential for seperating the relevant clues from irrelivant ones. Some clues are hardly noticable, so there will be hints to accomodate puzzlers who need a nudge in the right direction. Some of those puzzlers might have a tendancy to look up answers or form groups, but it's actually intended to work that way. The solutions are not easily searchable because many chapters contain oblique clues, and even with a group, each chapter offers enough resistence to provide satisfying payoff. Visually, puzzles will have a minimalistic appearence to avoid too many red herrings.
What do you think?
Sinatra is the initial letters of the misspelled words (seperating, irrelivant, noticable, accomodate, tendancy, resistence, appearence), in order.
• 1
$\begingroup$ Awesome! Correct answer with proper explanation...:) $\endgroup$
– cur10us
Dec 22 '20 at 16:30
Your Answer
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School Choice
Racially Motivated School-Secession Case Shows Need for Expanded School Choice
The NAACP has filed an appeal to stop the secession, on the grounds that race was an underlying factor in creating the new school district.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has filed a federal-court appeal to stop the city of Gardendale, Alabama, from secceding from the Jefferson County School District.
Last April, Judge Madeline Haikala ruled that the city of Gardendale could separate and create their own school district, despite the fact that "race was a motivating factor" on the part of some city officials and residents.
Officially, Gardendale leaders and residents say they just want local control of their schools and don't want to send their tax dollars to schools that their children don't attend. But, as is often the case with such endeavors, the area trying to secede is more affluent and white than the district they're trying to leave, meaning secession would further exacerbate school segregation along racial lines.
School secession is by no means a new phenomenon, but this case in particular touches on all the contentious points that typically accompany such separations.
In the aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education, school secession became a way to avoid desegregation orders that were placed on many of the nation's larger school districts. Creating new districts often meant that the desegregation orders no longer applied, and new court orders were unlikely since these new districts seldom had a significant number of minority students to integrate.
The legacy of this practice can clearly be seen on school district maps across the country. Many districts look like their gerrymandered congressional counterparts: bizarre in shape and each serving specific segregated demographic groups. In particular, urban areas, many of which are still plagued by the legacy of government redlining, have the most egregious gerrymandered school-district boundaries.
None of these lines would matter, of course, if one's residence did not determine where one goes to school.
Many strides have been made in this regard over the past few decades, thanks to the growth of charter schools and vouchers. Still, families in many places remain stuck with their local public school as the only option.
Alabama does have two school choice programs: a tax credit and a state education scholarship. But the number of students helped by these programs is relatively small.
What makes the Gardendale case even worse is that Alabama's school finance formula is woefully outdated and inefficient at distributing funds. Rather than having funds follow the student, money is allocated based on resources (teachers, etc.). This is a boon for more affluent districts that can raise more local tax dollars and hire more teachers, but disastrous for districts that serve more low-income areas.
From a libertarian perspective, the ruling to allow Gardendale's secession may seem perfectly justified, given the area's understandable desire for local autonomy. After all, locals should know how to spend their tax dollars better than county officials who may not live in the city. There's also an understandable aversion to government encouraging diversity for diversity's sake, which is often the perception of things like mandated busing to achieve racial integration.
Despite all of this, school secession still does far more harm than good. It further entrenches the idea that where you live should determine where you go to school, trapping kids who attend poor-performing schools. That's not something that any advocate of expanded school choice could reasonably support.
Gardendale's decision to cordon itself off from Jefferson County is merely a perpetuation of the exclusionary nature of America's public education system: these are our schools, not yours. Ideally, students from the rest of Jefferson County should be able to attend Gardendale schools if poorly served by their local school. In turn, Gardendale residents should be able to send their kids to schools like Jefferson County's International Baccalaureate School, consistently ranked as one of the best public high schools in the country.
When schools can compete with each other, good schools thrive, bad schools eventually shut down, and all students have better access to a good education. On the other hand, when district boundary lines limit student options, schools in both affluent and low-income areas have little incentive to improve.
Being a part of a large urban district with some poor-performing schools did not diminish the academic quality of my high school. In fact, with the district's policy of open enrollment (students can attend any school within the district, not just the school closest to them), my high school's enrollment swelled as more students who otherwise might have been zoned to go to a failing school closer to their home were now able to receive a better education. That's the power of the free market at work.
What's disappointing about the Gardendeale case (and others like it) is that ensuring that all children have access to good schools seemed to be a side issue. Messaging surrounding secession seemingly had more to do with race than anything else. As documented in Haikala's ruling, one of the first public statements from a pro-separation organizer discussed how "a municipal system would give Gardendale 'better control over the geographic composition of the student body.'" Other residents worried about how Gardendale's schools might change if left within the Jefferson County School District. "Would you like to live in Center Point or Adamsville [predominantly black areas]? . . . think about how quickly an area's demographics change," commented one resident on the school Facebook page.
By no means were all residents chiefly concerned about the school's racial demographics, but it's clear from the communication between some residents, organizers, and city officials that race was definitely an overriding factor. Haikala concluded her ruling with a scathing critique of the Gardendale School Board, writing that "the messages of inferiority in the record in this case assail the dignity of black school children." Yet she still begrudgingly allowed the separation to go forward.
Whether the NAACP will successfully get this ruling overturned remains to be seen, but if they do succeed it may set a precedent for future school secession cases. It would be a very welcome development. More school choice, not less, is the key to success.
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How Healthy is Canned Food?
Canning foods, a practice for preserving food, was invented in France in 1809 by Nicolas Appert. Although canning has been around for an extended time, the question that appears often is, is it safe? How healthy is canned food? This article looks at these questions and provides the answer.
What is Canning?
Canning is a technique for food preservation in which food is prepared and sealed in an airtight vessel such as a jar or can. An advantage is canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although it can be much longer under specific circumstances.
Canning was first developed in the late 18th century to provide a stable food supply for soldiers and sailors during a war.
The canning method can vary slightly by the processed product, but there are three (3) key steps. These are:
• Processing. The product is first chopped, boned, peeled, sliced, pitted, shelled, or cooked.
• Sealing. Once the food is processed it is then sealed in cans.
• Heating. Cans are heated to destroy dangerous bacteria and prevent spoilage.
This process allows food to be shelf-stable and safe for consumption for 1–5 years or longer.
Common canned foods consist of fruits, vegetables, soups, meats, beans, and seafood.
The Advantages of Canning
Canned foods are convenient, affordable, and have a long shelf life. Additionally, canned foods are an effective and practical way to add increased nutrient-dense foods to a diet.
The availability of safe, quality foods falls short in many parts of the world, and canning aids in ensuring that individuals have a means of access to a wide assortment of foods throughout the year.
Actually, one can find almost any food in a can today.
Additionally, because canned foods can be stored safely for several years and usually involve minimal prep time, they are very convenient.
Furthermore, they are inclined to be less costly than their fresh counterparts are.
How Nutritious are Canned Foods?
Many feel that canned food is not as nutritious as frozen or fresh food. However, that is not always the case. The canning process does not impact fat, carbohydrates, and protein. Fat-soluble vitamins and minerals are additionally not affected. The issue with canning is the excessive heat employed can destroy water-soluble vitamins, like Vitamin B and Vitamin C.
One of the more interesting effects of canning is that a few compounds in food can multiply. Corn and tomatoes are great examples, given that they discharge antioxidants when heated. In general, the nutrients of canned foods are similar to foods preserved through freezing or fresh food.
The Disadvantages of Canning
Canned foods can contain trace amounts of BPA.
BPA (bisphenol-A) is a chemical used in food packaging, including cans, to prevent corrosion.
Studies have shown that the BPA in canned food may migrate from the
How Healthy is Canned Food - Canning BPA
Canning BPA
can’s lining into the food it encloses.
One study examined seventy-eight (78) canned foods and discovered BPA in over 90% of them. In addition, research has made it apparent that eating canned food is a principal source of BPA exposure.
In one study, contributors who ingested one (1) serving of canned soup every day for five (5) days observed more than a 1,000% increase in BPA levels in their urine.
Even though the confirmation is mixed, some human studies have connected BPA to health issues such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and male sexual dysfunction.
For individuals attempting to reduce their exposure to BPA, consuming an excessive amount of canned goods is not the wisest way.
For individuals that have BPA concerns, the following steps can be taken to reduce exposure:
• Use BPA-free products.
Companies are increasingly producing BPA-free containers. One can look for products labeled as BPA-free. If a product is not marked as such, note that a few, but not all, plastics labeled with recycling code 3 or 7 can contain BPA.How healthy is canned Food - Canning BPA Free
• Avoid the heat.
Do not place plastic containers in the microwave or dishwasher since the heat can cause them to break down over time and permit BPA to seep into foods.
• Cut down on cans.
Decrease the use of canned foods.
• Use alternatives.
Use stainless steel, porcelain, or glass containers for hot foods and liquids as a replacement for plastic containers.
Additionally, be on the lookout for canned foods containing multiple ingredients, like ready-made soups and pasta, as they often come with higher sodium and sugar levels. They are also some of the most common items too boot.
According to the Canned Food Alliance, canned soups were the most obtained canned item in the United States at 420 million cans in 2018. Further, Americans bought 78.8 million cans of Campbell’s Cream of Mushroom Soup by itself in 2018. Also, note that a single can contains 2,175 mg of sodium. That is almost the entirety of the 2,300 mg recommended sodium intake.
Other canned foods to bypass are vegetables and fruit packed in brine or syrup. A study printed in 2014 in the American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine discovered that these canned products tend to lose phenolic compounds that make for the flavors, color, and some of the health properties in produce, antioxidants, for example. This result was particularly true if they had been peeled or skinned.
Choosing canned fruits and vegetables that are do not contain these liquids will assist in avoiding this loss. Instead, one should go for products that are packed in water or its natural juice.
Canned foods can contain deadly bacteria.
How Healthy is Canned Food- Canning Boutlism
Clostridium Botulinum Bacterium
Although it is extremely rare, canned foods that have not been appropriately processed can develop hazardous bacteria known as
Ingesting tainted food can cause botulism, a severe illness that can lead to paralysis and death if left untreated.
Most cases of botulism come from foods that have not been appropriately canned at home. It is important to note that Botulism from commercially canned food is rare.
However, it is important to never eat from dented, cracked, bulging, or leaking cans.
Some canned foods include added sugar, salt, and or preservatives.
Sugar, salt, and preservatives are occasionally added throughout the canning practice.
Some canned foods may have excess salt. Although this does not pose a health threat for the majority of individuals, it may be challenging for others, such as those with high blood pressure.
They can also include added sugar, which can also have harmful effects.
Excess sugar has been linked with an amplified probability of many diseases, including obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. An assortment of additional natural or chemical preservatives may be included as well.
How to Choose the Right Canned Foods
It is wise to study the label on canned foods as well as the list of ingredients, as with all foods,
For individuals concerned about salt, choose the low sodium or no salt added option. Draining the fluid contents from and rinsing foods can additionally lower their salt and sugar contents.
In order to avoid excess sugar, fruits that are canned in water or juice instead of syrup is a viable option.
Some canned foods do not include any added ingredients in any way. However, the only way to know with certainty is to examine the ingredient list.
The Bottom Line
Canned foods can be a viable nutritious option when fresh foods are not accessible, as they provide essential nutrients and are incredibly convenient. Therefore, canned foods can be a part of a healthy diet, but it is critical to read labels and ingredient lists and choose accordingly. Bear in mind, that not all canned foods are created equal.
Also, understand that canned foods are also a considerable source of BPA, which can cause health issues.
Remember the necessity to read the labels.
Questions, comments, concerns, or experiences with canned food are welcomed below.
Good health!!
Leave a Reply
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Question: What Are The Two Houses Of Parliament In South Africa?
How do I get permission to visit the Parliament House?
Permits to visit the Parliament are available from the reception office on Raisina Road, but you will need a letter of introduction from your respective embassy..
Do we need two Houses of Parliament?
Necessity of Two Houses: Rajya Sabha reflects a federal character by representing the units of the Union. While, Lok Sabha represents spirit of people. 2. Both Houses plays positive role in matters of Legislations.
How old is the UK Government?
Government of the United KingdomHer Majesty’s GovernmentCentral governmentOverviewEstablished1707StateUnited Kingdom9 more rows
Why does Parliament have two houses?
In India, there are two houses of Parliament. They are the House of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of People (Lok Sabha). … This is because Lok Sabha is directly elected by and answerable to the people. However, the Rajya Sabha has some special powers to look after the interests of states or regions.
How many states in India are bicameral?
India. Out of 28 States and 8 Union Territories that India has, only 6 Indian states, viz. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh, have bicameral Legislatures, the rest all have Unicameral Legislatures.
Do shadow cabinet ministers get paid?
Who owns Big Ben?
On 31 May 2009, celebrations were held to mark the tower’s 150th anniversary. Big Ben is the largest of the tower’s five bells and weighs 13.5 long tons (13.7 tonnes; 15.1 short tons)….Big Ben.Elizabeth TowerCompleted31 May 1859Height96 metres (315 ft)Technical detailsFloor count1110 more rows
What are the 3 structures of government?
Which house is more powerful and why?
What were the two Houses of Parliament?
How many parliaments are there in South Africa?
Parliament of South AfricaParliament of the Republic of South Africa List[show]Chairperson of the National Council of ProvincesAmos Masondo, ANC since 23 May 2019StructureSeats490 90 National Council 400 National AssemblyNational Council of Provinces political groupsANC (29 + 25) DA (13 + 7) EFF (9 + 2) Others (3 + 2)15 more rows
How old is British Parliament?
Parliament of EnglandEstablished15 June 1215 (Lords only) 20 January 1265 (Lords and elected Commons)Disbanded1 May 1707Preceded byCuria RegisSucceeded byParliament of Great Britain16 more rows
How many MLA are there in India?
Why is the Lok Sabha the more important of the two houses?
But on most matters, the Lok Sabha exercises supreme power. Let us see how: 1 Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. … 2 Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it.
Who earns the most money in South Africa?
In the video the “Top 10 Highest Paying Jobs In South Africa” we look at which professions have the highest earning power.Software Engineers – R1.2 million p/a. … Pilots – R695,800 p/a. … Lawyers – R655,000 p/a. … IT Managers – R620,230 p/a. … Medical Specialists – R616,000 p/a.
Who ruled the Union of South Africa?
Which country has the first parliament?
In 930, the first assembly of the Alþingi was convened at Þingvellir in Iceland, becoming the earliest version of a formalized parliamentary system.
Where is the house of parliament in South Africa?
Cape TownThe Houses of Parliament of South Africa are situated in Cape Town.
Which states have both houses?
Legislative Assembly. For every state, there is a legislature, which consists of a Governor and either one or two houses. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh have bicameral legislatures, with the remaining states having a unicameral one.
Is Tamil Nadu a bicameral state?
Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was the upper house of the former bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. … The Council became a unicameral legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a bicameral legislature in 1937.
Who makes up the parliament?
Parliament is made up of three central elements: the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarchy. The main business of Parliament takes place in the two Houses. Generally the decisions made in one House have to be approved by the other.
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Contacting Your Legislator
What is Advocacy?
The act of speaking up and taking action is called advocacy. Services for individuals living with brain injury are often determined by decisions made at the legislative level of government. Every citizen in North Carolina has a right to share their voice and be heard by public officials. Even though it may feel better in the moment to argue, blame, or rant about the issues affecting your life, concise and personal testimony can be more effective. Though it may be daunting, real change can come about when people with brain injury speak up or have someone to speak on their behalf, if needed.
What is the General Assembly?
The North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA), or legislature, is made of two bodies or houses who are responsible for making and passing state laws, also known as statutes. Each legislator is voted for by citizens in their respective district in North Carolina and serves for two years. The legislature convenes in even-numbered years for shorter sessions, and every odd numbered years for its long session. Legislators are also involved in various committees to address specific issues.
The Senate
• 50 members
• Presided by Lieutenant Governor of the State (no vote except to break tie)
The House of Representatives
• 120 members
• Presided over by speaker elected from membership
How is a Law Made?
1. Concerned citizen or issue
2. Drafting of bill
3. Introduction of bill
4. Reference to committee
5. Consideration by first house
6. Consideration by second house
7. Concurrence of amendments
8. Enrollment, ratification, and publication
What is Your Role?
The legislation process can often be confusing and overwhelming to know how you can get involved. After a bill is drafted, it is referred to a committee for discussion. The House & Senate both get together for a session every year in the chamber to present calendared bills before deciding if those bills should be tossed, amended, and/or smoothed out into a law.
Your voice can make the difference between voting for or against a specific piece of legislation. If a legislator doesn't hear from their constituents (residents in their district) about an issue, they will have to make a guess as to what the public would want. As they are elected officials, if enough people make their thoughts known it is more likely to influence a vote. One voice in a crowd will not be as loud or have as much of an impact as a group of people saying the same thing. By advocating, you are a part of a movement and discussion larger than just one person. Individuals with brain injury, families, professionals, and their allies have a message that is impossible to ignore.
Find out who represents you.
All residents of North Carolina are represented in the United States Senate. Representation in the NC House, the NC Senate, and the US House is determined by district. Each resident of the state has one representative in each of those legislative bodies, determined by the district in which their residence falls.
North Carolina
United States
What Can You Do?
Advocacy involves identifying barriers to a life that is inclusive and addressing those concerns with the right people and organizations. In many cases, a person with a brain injury will advocate for better healthcare treatment, accommodations for disability, and/or for representation in legal matters. Anyone can become an effective advocate for themselves when prepared with the right information and resources. You do not need you be in this alone. You might seek out an advocate, such as a case manager, attorney, family members and/or friends to help out.
Download a Bill Tracker App or visit bill tracking websites
You can search, track, and report on legislation for any state and US Congress. The NC General Assembly website includes bill look-up by keyword, number, etc.: Apps and other websites include Govtrack or TrackBill.
Find out who represents you and contact your legislator
Keep it short, sweet, and simple, referring to bills by their number, title, and sponsor. Use your own words to make it more personalized and have resources to back up your reasoning (rather than using opinions or ranting to persuade). Address your letter to a specific individual and include your contact information.
Testify or speak at a hearing or committee meeting
Legislators are divided up into committees for certain topics and have a hearing to collect testimony for bills. This is your chance to speak your mind and suggest changes before the committee takes any action. The NC Brain Injury Advisory Council may have more ideas on how you can get involved at the state level. Visit for more information.
Visit the Capitol or Legislative Building
What better way to get a feel for government involvement than to check out the history? Usually tours are provided or you’re free to roam at will. You can always pop in to your legislator’s office but they typically spend very little time there. Their days are fast paced so call ahead if you really want to set up a meeting. Don’t forget they have normal offices outside of session, too, in more local locations!
Investigate More Ways to Get Involved
Investigate other resources and ways to advocate at these links.
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The LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® method is based in part on the constructionist principle. This principle posits that meaning, understanding, and ultimately our social reality are created through language and conversations, as we construct them. What we believe to be true is informed by and evolves through conversations with others.
In a TEDx Talk, Julia Galef (co-founder and president of the Nonprofit Center for Applied Rationality) presents the idea of two different mindsets. She purports that people naturally gravitate to one of two mindsets; the soldier mindset in which the believer defends his or her beliefs at all costs, or the scout mindset in which the believer strives to see the world as clearly as possible.
If we accept these two mindsets and examine how they shape the way we interpret information and construct our realities, we can find benefits and drawbacks to each. A soldier mindset, although mostly unconscious, allows you to passionately defend what you believe to be right, and encourages you to prioritize your values or beliefs. However, it also encourages holders of the mindset to discount contradictory evidence and essentially hear only what they want to hear. Alternatively, a scout mindset is highly conscious and requires an individual to be invested in maintaining this perspective. The key benefit to this mindset however, is that it allows you to investigate the world around you as accurately and unbiased as possible, to see what is truly there and to hear everything.
Unfortunately, regardless of the benefits, we as a society do a terrible job of creating or encouraging a scout mindset in our members, and instead give a lot of instruction to our membership to develop a soldier mindset. This is particularly problematic in today’s workforce, where employees are already more likely to be disengaged from the workplace (out of employees who do not feel they are comfortable talking to their managers, only 2% are engaged, and 65% are actively disengaged), disconnected from each other (despite being essential for employee engagement and happiness, in the last 30 years, the number of people reporting a friend at work has dropped by over 20%), and more unwilling to offer contradictory opinions (two-thirds of 18-24 year-olds and 56% of 35-44 year-olds are typically unwilling to offer differing opinions – Stats Source) .
If the way we talk together influences understanding, interpersonal dynamics, and teams, departments, and organizations, then it makes sense to hold your beliefs lightly and to ask questions and make room for both new knowledge, new ways of seeing and understanding, and new meaning. It makes sense to encourage a scout mindset in our society members. It makes sense to use the LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® Method to allow people to begin to reconstruct their social reality rather than instructing them to hold our beliefs.
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What Is Covid-19 Trying to Teach Us?
Photograph Source: NIAID – CC BY 2.0
Some people see the world as an infinite number of prize fights, each with one winner and one loser. For them life is an unending series of these zero-sum games. Unfortunately, one of these people is the President of the United States.
One example of something that is not a zero-sum game is a global pandemic. Someone else’s sickness is for me not a gain but a threat. No nation gains from the toll in another nation. To fight against the contagion, the main weapon is cooperation, on all levels, from interpersonal to international. On the international level, sharing resources and information is essential, because any vulnerability of any nation threatens the people of all other nations.
The nations fighting one another in World War I thought the opposite. So each one, including the US, treated the growing epidemic of 1918 as a military secret. The existence of the killer virus became public only because Spain, which was not one of the warring nations, refused to censor news about the disease. Estimates of death from the 1918 pandemic range from 17 million to 100 million. The war directly killed 53,000 Americans. The virus killed between 500,000 and 675,000 Americans. A deeper look would reveal that the ravages of the war, together with the perverted culture of war, were the pandemic’s greatest enablers, if not its causes.
Today we no longer fight wars on the grand scale of World Wars I and II, the Korea War, the Vietnam War, and the Iraq War, at least for a couple of decades. We mainly fight what are called, euphemistically, low-intensity wars and trade wars. The United States in particular has repeatedly demonstrated its ability to destroy the economy and infrastructure of entire nations, even such developed nations as Venezuela and Iran, using only subversion, bribery, boycotts, sabotage, disinformation, and tariffs.
This raises some questions too big to answer well in a brief essay. Question 1: Didn’t this present preferred war-fighting strategy in fact destroy the Soviet Union, making the United States the winner of the Cold War? There were three attempts to use conventional armies to destroy to the Soviet Union. First was the coordinated invasion, launched in 1918 by Britain, France, the US, Japan, Australian, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Serbia, Italy, Poland, Greece, and Romania. Second was the series of invasions by Japan, beginning in 1931 and ending with the Soviet destruction of Japan’s 6th Army in the historic Battle of Khalkin Gol in August 1939. Finally came the invasion by the Nazi juggernaut that had just easily conquered all its European adversaries. The USSR defeated even this military colossus in the decisive battle of World War II. Yet forty-five years of the Cold War left the USSR a dismembered giant corpse. Thus the second question: Could the strategy of Cold War destroy China, the latest contender to be the world’s largest and most technologically advanced nation? Even before Covid-19 arrived, Trump’s economic and political warfare against China was seriously damaging the Chinese economy as well as inflicting significant damage on its own. This leads to the most important question.
There was certainly a loser in the Cold War. But was the United States a winner? Looking at our abysmal health care statistics (including life expectancy, infant mortality, obesity, drug addiction, and suicide), our collapsing infrastructure, our disgraceful public education and public ignorance, the grotesque inequality between the one percent and everyone else, and our dysfunctional political system, one might ask: What did we win? And what would our nation look like today if, instead of the Cold War, we had extended the wartime cooperation with the USSR? The only certain outcome of the Cold War is that both Russia and the United States each still possess a doomsday weapon that continually threatens to wipe out human civilization and perhaps our species.
Which brings us back to today’s bleak scene of crashing stock markets, a tragic-comic US election, and a disease threatening our personal freedom, our social pleasures, and our lives. China, seriously weakened by the US trade and political wars, made the same mistake as the World War I belligerent nations: trying to keep Covid-19 a secret. The Trump administration, among many other blunders and gaffes, is now making a worse and truly incomprehensible mistake: maintaining the tariffs and the rest of the trade war.
It is making the same mistake in relation to Iran. Before Covid-19 hit, the US had succeeded in wrecking much of Iran’s economy and infrastructure, leaving that nation unable to contain the disease. The zero-sum game thinking behind this US policy hardly helps us win the game of death the virus is playing against us.
Trump’s continuation of his trade war with China is also directly damaging the US and global economies, thus significantly exacerbating the crash of stock markets at home and around the world. This should be obvious to Washington policy makers, but perhaps not to someone who inherited 412 million dollars and proceeded to go bankrupt multiple times.
Trump is now blaming the stock market crashes on the media and Democrats for allegedly exaggerating the dangers of the virus. Covid-19 is certainly the event that triggered the crashes and it will certainly worsen the recession that now threatens. But remember that before the virus struck, there were already numerous warnings of both wildly overvalued markets and a possible recession looming in the months ahead. US manufacturing indices were already contracting. The Trump Administration was handing out tens of billions of dollars to bail out American farmers, to make up for their loss of markets due to Chinese retaliation. The yield curve had already inverted twice, usually a reliable indicator of coming recession. Long-term interest rates were so low that they were giving the lie to stock market’s wild euphoria (which often precedes a major selloff or crash). Trump desperately sought to keep the markets fat and happy and to postpone any recession until after his reelection. That’s why he was furiously bullying to Fed to cut interest rates drastically. He even urged the Fed to push into negative yield territory.
Now think back to late 2007 and 2008, when eight years of Republican recklessness in war and finance came perilously close to destroying the global banking system and did succeed in crashing the markets and plunging the nation, and the global economy, into what’s now called the Great Recession, the worst recession since the Depression of 1929 and the 1930s. The only one major nation that steered clear of recession was China. While demand was collapsing around the world, it was China, acting like some super engine, that pulled the global economy out of the quagmire. Continuing to wage economic war against China today is thus suicidally insane.
Neither Covid-19 nor a major recession poses a threat to our survival as a species. We do, however, face two existential threats, both created by our species, and each featuring our nation in the lead role. At the very moment when only global unity and cooperation can save us from threats of nuclear holocaust and environmental devastation, deadly nationalism is tearing our species apart. Can Covid-19 teach us that those two great menaces to our existence are also not zero-sum games? That our species either wins or we, as well as many other species, all lose?
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Energy – Facts and Figures
Petroleum and other fuels are the main sources of energy in Switzerland (50.6%), followed by electricity (25%), gas (13.5%) and wood (4.4%).
Electricity is mainly generated by hydropower (59.9%), nuclear power (33.5%) and conventional thermal power plants (2.3%, non-renewable).
Average energy consumption per person in Switzerland has fallen by around 14.5% since 1990. However, given that the resident population has grown by 23.4% over the same period, total energy consumption actually has increased by 5.5%.
In 2015 per capita electricity consumption in Switzerland was 7,033 kWh. This is higher than the 2014 rate for France (6,233 kWh), Germany (6,225 kWh) and the Netherlands (6,108 kWh), but lower than that of Norway (21,091 kWh), Finland (14,477 kWh), Sweden (12,597 kWh), Belgium (7,225 kWh) and Austria (7,081 kWh).
Switzerland imports nearly half of its crude oil from Africa (39% Nigeria, 6% Libya, 1% Egypt); the remaining half comes from Mexico (18%), the United States (12%), Kazakhstan (8%) and other countries.
Over the years intense public opposition has scuppered several nuclear power plant projects. This was the case in 1975 when plans to build a nuclear power plant in Kaiseraugst (canton of Aargau) had to be abandoned as the result of public protests.
At present, Switzerland is in the midst of an energy transition. One of the aims of the country's ‘Energy Strategy 2050’ is the phase-out of nuclear power.
Switzerland has 638 hydroelectric power plants. They account for 59.9% of total domestic electricity production.
The largest dam in Switzerland is the 285 metre-high Grande-Dixence dam (canton of Valais). It is also the third-highest gravity dam in the world.
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Where Did Shotokan Karate Originated?
Why Shotokan Karate is bad?
What is the main purpose of Shotokan Karate?
Shotokan style Karate offers great benefits such as, greater focus, increased self-esteem, increased self-discipline, calmness, and a more positive attitude toward life, as well as,a knowledge of self-defense. The main focus of Shotokan Karate training is the perfection of character.
Who was the creator of Shotokan Karate?
Gichin Funakoshi (船越 義珍, Funakoshi Gichin, November 10, 1868 – April 26, 1957) is the founder of Shotokan karate -do, perhaps the most widely known style of karate, and is known as a “father of modern karate “.
Is Shotokan Karate Okinawan or Japanese?
Karate originated in Okinawa, before it was part of Japan. It was originally called te, or ti in Okinawan. Gichin Funakoshi created Shotokan, which has become the most famous karate style worldwide. He is also known as the father of modern karate and the father of Japanese karate.
You might be interested: FAQ: The Real Karate Kid How I Met Your Mother?
Is Kung Fu better than karate?
Is Shotokan Karate dangerous?
There is also an excellent emphasis on breathing techniques designed to produce harmony between the body and brain. Kyokushin interprets into “ideal truth” in Japanese. It is an aggressive fighting style of Karate. It includes components of full-body contact sparring, high kicks, and aggressive punching.
Which is better Kyokushin or Shotokan?
Shotokan karate style is actually safer than Kyokushin karate, the reason it’s safer is bcause the striking in this style has less power than Kyokushin. It is therefore safer in terms of that, because Kyokushin karate style enforces harder strikes to knock out opponents.
What does Shotokan mean in English?
The name Shotokan is actually made up of two words “Shoto” and “Kan”, and actually came from his students. “Shoto” means pine waves or waving pines and it is referred to as Gichin Funakoshi’s pen-name as he would use this name when writing. The word “Kan” means house or hall.
How long does it take to get a black belt in Shotokan Karate?
Q: How long does it take to become a black belt? A: The average student that attends sessions diligently, at least three times a week, can potentially become a black belt in about 3 1/2 to 5 years. This window of time is based on individual skill and natural ability.
You might be interested: Readers ask: How To Open A Karate Dojo?
Who is father of karate?
Which country started karate first?
Who is the father of martial arts?
What is the oldest style of karate?
What is the highest belt in Shotokan Karate?
The ultimate rank achievable, in this original ranking system created by Master Funakoshi, is godan (5th degree black belt ), the highest rank ever awarded by him.
Which karate style is best?
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Diabetes resources that help you take control
Posted on January 13, 2017 by in Education
| Eugene Endocrinology
With type 1 diabetes, the body does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that strikes both adolescents and adults suddenly. There is no cure, but it can be managed.
With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, the body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in the blood.
It’s possible to develop prediabetes. This means happens when the blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. Having prediabetes puts you at a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes.
Over time, having too much glucose in the blood can damage the eyes, kidneys and nerves. Diabetes can also cause heart disease and stroke.
Pregnant women can also get diabetes, called gestational diabetes, which is normally temporary, but can put the baby and mother at risk of complications at birth.
Blood tests can show if you have diabetes. Exercise, weight control and sticking to a meal plan can help control diabetes, in addition to monitoring blood glucose levels and taking medicine, if prescribed.
The providers at Eugene Endocrinology and Podiatry are here to help diagnose, treat and counsel patients on ways to manage their diabetes.
Other resources include the American Diabetes Organization, which offers helpful information for those diagnosed with diabetes, and Cascade Health in Eugene, which offers classes, support groups and a comprehensive list of organizations, books, magazines and websites to manage the disease through proper nutrition. To learn more about the latest treatments and efforts to develop a cure for type 1 diabetes, visit JDRF.
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coal britain formation
No plants but coal still formed?
coal britain formation
If coal is formed by very slow natural process and has been formed in most geological ages then it must have been started to be created in the most recent geology periods?
And how was coal created when there were no plants on land, before there were land plants?
Mind the coal gap
coal britain mining
Formation of coal | Wikipedia
Why is so much coal mined on or very close to the surface of our planet?
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How Many Fry Words Should A 2Nd Grader Know?
How Many Fry Words Should A 2Nd Grader Know?
How Many Fry Words Should A 2Nd Grader Know? It is recommended that: The first 100 fry words, considered the most frequently occurring in the English language, should be mastered in Grade 1. The fry second 100 sight words should be mastered in 2nd Grade. The third 100 words should be mastered in Grade 3.
How many words should a 2nd grader know? The following are the number of words students should be able to read correctly at the end of each year: 1st grade: 60. 2nd grade: 90.
How many fry words should a fourth grader know? 4th & 5th grade sight words: fourth 100 Fry words through tenth 100 Fry words.
What is the difference between Dolch words and fry words? Dolch Sight Words vs. Fry Words. Dolch sight words are based on high-frequency words that students in kindergarten through second grade typically would be reading. They are listed by age group, whereas the first 300 Fry words are listed by order of frequency.
How Many Fry Words Should A 2Nd Grader Know? – Related Questions
What are Grade 2 Sightwords?
Typically, 2nd grade sight words are prominently displayed (preferably at a child’s eye level) on the wall for a student to reference. A second grader should spell these words correctly. By second grade, these words are more commonly referred to as wall words.
Should 2nd graders know how do you spell?
Second Grade Spelling Curriculum Sequence
Second grade children are expected to master short-vowel, long-vowel, r- controlled, and consonant-blend patterns correctly.
What should a 2nd grader learn in English?
Second graders understand many new words and use strategies for determining the meaning of unknown words. (population, culture, etc.), and math (equal, sum, graph etc.) Second graders use phonics and word analysis skills to read unfamiliar words. in “seed,” oa as in “boat,” oy as in “boy,” etc.
What are snap words 2nd grade?
Which is better Fry or Dolch?
What is Fry first 100 words?
How do you test Fry sight words?
Simply point to the word on the list and put a “+” in the square on the form if the student was able to say the word. If the student hesitates for more than 3 seconds before providing the word, sounds out the word, or provides an incorrect word, put a “-” in the square.
What is a tricky word?
What percentage of sight words are Decodable?
How many words that are being taught as ‘sight words’ are actually decodable? Research estimates that approximately 75% of the words in the English language fit into one of the 6 syllable types (or one of the 6 syllable type exceptions).
How high do Dolch words go?
Which sight words should I teach first?
Order to teach sight words
What subjects do 2nd graders learn?
In the second grade, children are usually 7 to 8 years old. Students are taught subjects such as Math, Science, Geography and Social Studies. In Math, they are introduced to larger numbers (building up on what was taught to them in the first grade) and fundamental operations such as addition and subtraction.
What are 2nd graders interested in?
In 2nd grade, your child becomes a more experienced writer and reader by practicing their skills in more complex and comprehensive ways. Students read bigger and more complicated books, and write longer and more in-depth pieces. What’s more, second graders pursue projects that involve research and critical thinking.
What are snap and trap words?
“What does it mean to be a trap word?” (Trap words are irregularly spelled. We will call them snap words because we can figure them out so easily, we know them in a snap!”
Are Fry sight words copyrighted?
Printable Sight Words Lists
The two most common sight word lists, Dolch and Fry, are both copyrighted and since I don’t have permission to post them word for word, I thought I’d combine them together {since they overlap quite a bit} to make my own sight word lists.
How many sight words should a first grader have?
What are the magic 300 words?
Magic 300 Words (201-300 Words) Learning Boards, contains the Pearl Words, Ruby Words, Sapphire Words, Jade Words and Amber Words Learning Boards for mastering the most important words in reading and writing.
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American Sign Language (ASL) Courses
American Sign Language (ASL) Courses
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American Sign Language (ASL) Program
American Sign Language 1, 2, 3 or 4
American Sign Language 1
This world language will provide an introduction to American Sign Language {ASL}, the primary language of the Deaf. This course is designed for students with little or no previous knowledge of American Sign Language. The course will also afford students insight into the culture of the Deaf community. An emphasis will be placed on basic ASL vocabulary development, and an introduction to the syntax and grammar, sentence structure, and the cultural foundations of ASL. Students will learn the manual alphabet (i.e., fingerspelling), numbers, and basic ASL vocabulary (e.g., vocabulary related to Students will work on developing both an expressive and receptive understanding of WH questions, Yes/No questions, basic sentence structure, directional verbs, and the use of imperatives, family, occupations, clothing, of ASL through demonstrations, dialogues, and videos. They will also be able to recognize some cultural practices. They will be able to understand some simple questions and statements, often needing to see things again. Course topics vary slightly by language, but are all culturally based through authentic resources, and can include greetings, your name, and where you learned ASL.
American Sign Language 2
This course is a continuation of ASL 1. Students will continue to build on the language skills acquired in ASL 1. It will begin with a review of curriculum from ASL 1, progressing to new vocabulary, as well as a continued understanding of syntax, grammar, and body language which will advance the students to a higher level of expressive and receptive ability. Through the integration of receptive and expressive language skills, as well as important cultural concepts, students learn to communicate in the target language with progressively more competence. Students will continue to practice and refine their fingerspelling and signing skills and expand their knowledge of the Deaf, and hard-of-hearing culture, and related technologies and the ethical decisions related to them. Conversational skill practice will be emphasized throughout the course. Students will communicate about topics relating to holiday gatherings, food preparation, daily routines, and academic choices. In addition, common phrases used to talk about the family and relatives, terminology popular in the Deaf community, and common means of communicating with a Deaf person including the use of a TTY which allows Deaf people to have conversations over a phone line.
American Sign Language 3
This course is designed for students who have taken American Sign Language 1 and 2. Students continue to acquire more complex features of grammar and lexical skills that will enable them to communicate with more fluency and competency in social, academic and professional situations within an authentic cultural context. Students will extend and improve their knowledge of both expressive and receptive vocabulary in ASL. Facial expressions and body movement associated with the syntax of ASL will be emphasized.
Students will understand the different meanings that an ASL sign might have, varying the meaning of an ASL sign by changes in sign movement and facial expressions. Students are exploring the target language and culture in terms of everyday life.
American Sign Language 4
This course will continue ASL receptive/expressive instruction. Receptive and expressive abilities are enhanced through exposure to selected stylistic, regional, and age renditions, as well as additional ASL vocabulary with emphasis on facial expressions and body language used for grammatical and emotive purposes. Students will sign conversations that take place around the house and school, common phrases associated with talking about the weather and sports. This course prepares students for further study and professional careers requiring competence in ASL and understanding of Deaf culture. By the end of the semester, they will be able to sign familiar words, and phrases and even begin to elaborate on familiar tasks, topics, and activities. They will begin to give their opinion about some cultural practices. Course topics vary slightly by language but are all culturally based through authentic resources and can include greetings and getting to know each other, celebrations, using technology or not and daily life experiences including routine and school.
Students can choose:
This means:
1 or 2 semesters
18 weeks per semester
3 hrs of asynchronous work per week
$550 per student per semester
1, 2 or 3 trimesters
12 weeks per trimester
3 hrs of asynchronous work per week
$370 per student per trimester
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 units
6 weeks per unit
3 hrs of asynchronous work per week
$190 per student per unit
Tutoring (individual or small group sessions)
30 minutes of synchronous tutoring
$30 per student per 30 min session
For school districts interested in enrolling multiple students or classes, we are happy to offer special district and cohort pricing. Please reach out to Elisa Kirschhoffer at for more information.
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• September 17, 2021
• Leo
Holidays are the perfect time for the kids to learn a few things outside their course curriculum. Unfortunately, the outdated education system in our school doesn’t teach them life sciences. You will be amazed to hear a considerable portion of young children are not even aware of how money works in real life.
However, you need to make learning fun if you want kids to participate in the activities actively. They will make every effort to make the tasks look like a drag, only to miss the key lessons. You are not alone with the intimidating task to groom your kids for the world outside their schools.
Cost of Adding Fun Activities During Holidays
Most parents are already struggling with the finances trying to manage the budget along with the financial goals. Curating a set of fun activities may sound intimidating because of the cost. Nevertheless, you should not ignore the importance of these real-life skills because of the incurring expenses.
You can organise numerous fun and educational activities in your backyard or home to save money. Many parents use their time outside offices to spend with their children with DIY projects. Or take out for Christmas loans to provide the best learning experience to your children.
Fun and Engaging Holiday Activities for Children
Kids have very high expectations of fun activities sometimes to make the task incredibly difficult for parents. You need to spend considerable time to align fun and learning aspects in one activity. Here are few suggestions to make sure your kids learn about the world outside their schools and digital screens.
1.Treasure Hunt
Treasure hunts are old-school activities to keep your kids engaged for hours. Many adults even participate in a treasure hunt during events at college, offices, and game nights. You can use a few sheets of paper and household items to create a treasure hunt for kids.
Adding the learning aspect to the fun activity is easier with a treasure hunt. You can ask questions to increase their knowledge while helping them improve their analytical skills. More importantly, your entire family can take part along with some friends in the activity to increase the competitive feel.
2. Mini Festival
Holidays are the time to enjoy festivals around the neighbourhood for people with different tastes. You can organise one in your backyard or garden to teach your children a few things about management. They will feel the responsibility to organise a festival with a few essential tasks allocated to them.
Give them a budget to complete the tasks with their favourite decorative items or themes. They will learn about money management, a fun way to avoid overspending in the years to come. Furthermore, you can invite your neighbours to the festivals to make your children feel satisfied with their hard work.
3. Rock Hunting
Rock hunting may seem like a boring task to kids, but it can ignite their interest in science. You can introduce them to the different types of rock in a small area to increase their curiosity for the subject. Take them to the nearest park or natural site to spend some hours in search of rocks.
You can use a similar activity to search for other types of items or organisms in space. Many kids find birds, insects, and aquatic life interesting during these hunting sessions. Remember, we are not talking about the literal killing of organisms, just their search in a natural environment.
4. Trip to Countryside
The countryside is full of fun activities for kids to learn about farming, animals, and other essential activities. You can take your family to a bread and breakfast on the nearby farm to give them a task of non-urban life. They may not appreciate the schedule with early morning work and no video games.
But you need to make sure they understand the importance of these activities for human society. It is a calming experience for adults as well to spend time away from the stressful life at home. You can enjoy fresh food with no preservatives and chemicals to increase its shelf life.
5. Holiday Camps
Holiday camps are the ideal option to help your kids learn specific skills without the need to organise everything. There are multiple options available for your kids keeping in mind your requirements and budget. The UK government is promoting these camps to compensate for the loss of educational time during the lockdown.
You should prioritise the life skills to impart to the children while trying to search for the ideal holiday camp. Look for the activities that promote management of finances, survival skills, and implementation of theoretical learning. You can use online short-term loans for the unemployed to manage the cost of holiday camps and other expenses for the season.
To sum up, you can help your kid learn with fun activities during the holiday season at a manageable cost. It will require a few hours to plan the whole activity as combining fun and learning is never easy. Though, you can use the above tips or take help from the online community to find other ways.
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What are the big red spiders on my porch?
Question: What are the big red spiders that are outside on my porch?
Answer: Assuming that these spiders are in webs, or maybe in plants around your porch, you probably have an orb-weaving spider. It could possibly be a red orb weaver (Araniella displicata), which is a harmless spider. This is a large family of spiders, and several hundred species are found in the U.S. Almost all of these spiders spin a large and sometimes complicated web of concentric rings. They often locate the webs on the sides of houses or on trees and shrubs, especially near outdoor lights.
Orb-weaving spiders are often brightly colored and attract attention as they sit in or near their web. They are waiting for prey to become stuck and shake the strands.
Some of the most dramatic of the orb weavers are the spiders in the genus Argiope. These spiders are striped black and orange, or black and white. They construct large webs that have a zig-zag pattern of silk in the center of the web. They are usually found hanging head down in the center of the web.
While orb-weaving spiders are large and look threatening, they are not aggressive to people. Certainly, you can be bitten if you try to handle one of these spiders, but they will usually try to get away from people. When their web is damaged, the pests will usually leave and rebuild it somewhere else.
Limiting the use of outdoor lights at night can help reduce the number of flying insects that gather there. These insects are the food for these and other spiders around the outside of the house. Changing porch lights to the yellow "bug light" bulbs may help. It is sometimes necessary to place curtains or shades on windows to reduce the amount of light that shines out to attract flying insects. While the spiders are pests inside homes, outside they are beneficial, as they prey on insects that may even cause harm to your plants.
If you would like assistance, call Orkin to schedule a home inspection. We can set up an inspection of the inside and outside, and recommend a treatment plan to eliminate conditions and food sources that may be attracting these spiders.
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Difference between a cellar spider and a brown recluse spider?
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To my knowledge, bed bugs don't just disappear, which is what makes me think that they may be bat bugs or bird bugs. Help!
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• Dr. Stieglitz
Breakfast with Solomon - Proverbs 4:13
This is an interesting proverb because it emphasizes something in the original that is lost in the translation. Solomon gives us crucial insight into how life works. If someone has the courage to correct us or punish us, we should take this in and make sure that we don't make the same mistake again.
This is the Hebrew word hazaq which means to be strong or to strengthen. The translators felt like it would not make much sense to say, "Strengthen yourself in instruction" or “Be strong in the instruction that you received," so they translated it “Take hold of instruction.”
This is the Hebrew word musar which means discipline, chastening, correction. This gives a different spin on the verse. It is talking about where you have been rebuked, corrected, or punished for doing something wrong. It is in these areas that you must make yourself strong. Don't ignore the lessons that people have had the courage to give you. Many people will let you make mistakes over and over again with no correction until an ultimate blow. So when you have been corrected about something, make sure that you take that in and change so that that problem is no longer a problem.
This is the Hebrew word natsar which means to watch, guard, to keep. The idea is that you should make sure that you don't make the same mistake twice. God allowed you to be corrected for a reason. Tuck away the lessons of what you learn the hard way by messing up and do not forget them.
This is the Hebrew word hayay which means live, be alive, have life, life. The point of using this word seems to be that joy and sustained prosperity lie in paying attention to what you were corrected for, not in ignoring it and doing what you want. The opposite of doing what this proverb suggests is rebellion, which is death.
Solomon is saying in a very positive way: Don't be a rebel. Embrace the lessons that came from making mistakes. Don't forget where you have been corrected. As you grow up you will be collecting bits of important wisdom. Some of your most important are those places where people have corrected, rebuked, disciplined, or even punished you for doing something wrong or incorrect. Don't forget those places.
This verse suggests that, at times, we will be tempted to repeat a mistake we have already made. Don't pay dumb tax twice.
Until tomorrow,
Gil Stieglitz
#DrGilStieglitz #Proverbs #wisdom #wiseliving #consequences
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What happened to John on Patmos?
John is considered to have been exiled to Patmos during a time of persecution under the Roman rule of Domitian in the late 1st century. According to Tertullian (in The Prescription of Heretics) John was banished after being plunged into boiling oil in Rome and suffering nothing from it.
How did they try to kill John the Apostle?
Herod wanted to kill John, but was afraid of the people. John the Baptist was executed by beheading by Herod Antipas on the request of Herodias’ daughter. His disciples buried his remains and told Jesus.
What happened to the apostles after Jesus died?
You might be interested: Readers ask: Apostle Paul I Do Not Do What I Want?
Who denied that John was an apostle?
Then Peter remembered the word the Lord had spoken to him: “Before the rooster crows today, you will disown me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly. The Gospel of John 18:13-27 describes the account of the three denials as follows: Simon Peter and another disciple were following Jesus.
How did all the apostles die?
Who was John the Beloved to Jesus?
Who was the oldest apostle of Jesus?
Saint John the Apostle
Attributes Book, a serpent in a chalice, cauldron, eagle
Is John the Beloved Jesus brother?
John was the son of Zebedee, a Galilean fisherman, and Salome. John and his brother St. James were among the first disciples called by Jesus. In the Gospel According to Mark he is always mentioned after James and was no doubt the younger brother.
You might be interested: How Paul Apostle Is Remembered?
Why did Herodias want John’s head?
According to the Bible, Herodias wanted John the Baptist dead because of his opposition. Herod admired John for his honesty and goodness and was reluctant to kill him. During a banquet for Herod’s birthday feast, Salome danced for Herod and pleased him greatly.
Who replaced Judas as an apostle?
How long after Jesus died was the Bible written?
Were there any apostles at the crucifixion?
The short answer is that there were probably none of his disciples present, and that their role during the event was basically to run away and hide. The short answer is that there were probably none of his disciples present, and that their role during the event was basically to run away and hide.
Why did Jesus love John the most?
You might be interested: Which Apostle Was Not Martyred?
Does Jesus forgive Peter?
Why is John called the apostle of love?
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Posted by / Thursday, 24 March 2016 / No comments
Peter's arrest by Herod
Colosseum Rome Italy Roman Architecture La
In those days, Herod the king began to persecute some of the members of the church. First, he killed James the brother of John and when he saw that the people were happy about what he had done, he proceeded to arrest Peter too. Since this was around the time of the festival of unleavened bread, Herod did not kill Peter. He kept him in prison cells with the intention of killing him after the feast of unleavened bread.
In the prison cell, Herod ordered that Peter must be guarded by four squads of soldiers. In the cell, Peter slept between two soldiers. His right hand was chained to the left hand of the soldier lying on his right and his left hand was chained to the right hand of the soldier on his left. There were guards stationed outside the cell too. All these were to ensure that Peter did not escape. While Peter was in prison, the rest of the members of the church prayed to God that he might be saved.
The night before the day Herod intended to bring Peter out to be killed, an angel of the Lord went into Peter's cell. Peter, as usual, was sleeping in-between two soldiers with his wrists chained to the two soldiers’ wrist, one on either side of his body.
The angel went into Peter’s cell and touched him by the side. The angel told him to stand up and when he did, the chains fell off his wrists. The angel told Peter to put on his sandals and to wrap his cloth around himself. Then he asked Peter to follow him and Peter did.
Rome Colosseum Italy Antiquity St Peter St
Peter and the angel passed the first guard and then they passed the second one. Then they came to the main gate which opened into the city. When they got there, the gate opened of its own accord. They walked out of the prison. They walked into a street and the angel left him. It was only then Peter that he realized he was not having a vision. It was real.
Peter went straight to the house of Mary the mother of John. He knocked on the door and a maid called Rhoda came to the door. When she recognized Peter’s voice, she did not open the door immediately, in her joy she went away to tell those in the house that Peter was at the door. In disbelief, they said she was mad. They also added that it was Peter’s angel.
Meanwhile, at the gate, Peter continued to knock the door and finally, they opened it. When Peter entered, he motioned to them in sign language to be quiet. He described what had happened and how he was rescued from prison. He told them to inform James and the other brothers. Then Peter left for an undisclosed location.
When it was realized the next day that Peter had escaped, a big stir was generated. Herod examined all the guards who were at the post and after finding them culpable, he executed them for dereliction of duty. After that Herod left Judea and went to stay at Caesarea for a while.
1. After the death of Herod, the church grew even further and spread even more.
2. The fear that came over the church as a result of its persecution was removed.
3. After the death of Herod, there was relative peace.
1. a. Explain how Herod opposed the early Church.
b. Identify two consequences of his action.
2. a. Narrate the story of how Peter escaped from Prison when he was arrested by Herod.
b. In which three ways did this story affect the development of the early Church?
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Group 4
An embarassment of plastics
Wiki site of the practical exercise of the IX Southern-Summer School on Mathematical Biology.
Here you will find the exercise assignment and the group's products.
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Many marine fish begin their life at ocean surface, where they live for days to weeks, feeding mainly from zooplankton until its development is complete. The availability of such resource is therefore fundamental for these marine fish species' survival.
Surface slicks are meandering lines of convergence on the ocean surface, usually formed by wind and internal waves, that accumulate zooplankton and other microorganisms, becoming an attractive spot for larval fish to feed when compared with other ocean surface areas. As the distance between surface slicks are of the order of 1 kilometer, larger larval fish, with increased swimming competency, are able to migrate to/from surface slicks in order to capitalize on concentrated prey resources, whilst other less competent small fish are simply dragged in and out of these regions.
The mean size of fishes in slicks was found to be almost 30% larger than in other surface areas, probably because some larger, more developed, larval fish are able to detect the accumulation of resources and indeed travel from slick to slick, whilst other large larval fish cannot detect said accumulation or choose not to travel to slicks, feeding less and hence presenting a smaller mean size. Also, since smaller, less developed, larval fish are dragged in and out of slicks, some can remain feeding in it and achieve larger sizes than the ones that don't.
Surface slicks areas in light blue, showing the accumulation of zooplankton and plastics
However, these surface slicks also tend to accumulate micro plastics that are often mistaken as food by larval fish. Currently slicks contain a ratio of about 7:1 of plastics:resource, which is much larger than the ratio of 1:2 found in other surface areas. Consuming plastics may have multiple negative effects in fish growth, posing a threat to some species as its main nurseries become plastic deposits.
Propose a mathematical model for the fish population in both habitats, that is, surface slicks and other surface areas, incorporating the effects of resource and plastic accumulation in slicks and also the harmful effects plastics may cause in fish population.
Suggested questions and tips
• Is there any advantage in avoiding surface slicks due to plastic accumulation? Would it make surface slicks a refuge for zooplankton? If so, could it be reversed once the ratio of plastics to zooplankton become small?
• Could larval fish maintain plastic levels in surface slicks under control due to their accidental consumption? Remember they take it away once they mature.
• We suggest you to focus on larger larval fishes, as they can actively search, or not, for slicks, and may spend time foraging in and out of it.
Further well-grounded questions from the group are welcome.
J.M. Gove et al. Prey-size plastics are invading larval fish nurseries, PNAS, 2019,
2020/groups/g4/start.txt · Last modified: 2020/01/10 19:58 by prado
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8 ways to attend college for free
List of Gods : "NE US E Canada" - 63 records
1 2 3 4
Name ▲▼Origin ▲▼Description ▲▼
God name
Goddess name
Bella Coola Indian / British Columbia, Canada River goddess. Said to oversee the arrival and departure of the salmon in the rivers. She lives in a cave called Nuskesiu'tsta....
Canada earth Mother. She wove a fireweed and willow blanket to cover earth. Canada
Goddess name
God name
Canada The god of righteousness who made the plains, food plants, animals and humans. Canada
God name
Haida Indian / Queen Charlotte Island, Canada Plague god. Particularly åśśociated with smallpox. Believed to be so terrible that he is not even propitiated with food. He sails in a canoe of pestilence with huge sails like those of the white man's ships which brought plague to the Indians....
God name
Haida Indian / Queen Charlotte Island, Canada Tribal god. The personification of the thunderbird known to many Indian tribes. The noise of the thunder is caused by the beating of its wings, and when it opens its eyes there is lightning. The thunder clouds are its cloak....
Goddess name
Spirit name
Canada The Caribou Master, is a powerful spirit in traditional Innu an Indegenous people of present day Canada and Quebec. In the myth, an Innu man goes to live with the Caribou. He marries one of the does, and becomes transformed himself into caribou form. He becomes the master of the caribou, and the provider of caribou for the Innu people.
God name
Algonquin / E Canada A being who is present everywhere in the universe, he is invisible, like most gods
God name
"Kitanitowit (good creator)"
Algonquin Indian / eastern Canada Creator god. The first being who is present everywhere in the universe. He is invisible and is represented diagrammatically by a point surrounded by a circle on which are marked the four quarters....
God name
Ma'malelegale Indian / British Columbia, Canada Tribal god. The personification of the thunderbird, known to many Indian tribes, who lives in a palace in the upper world. The noise of the thunder is the beating of its wings....
God name
"Ku'nkunxuliga Ma'maelegae"
BC Canada Tribal god and personification of the Thunderbird BC Canada
Goddess name
Bella Coola / PNW Canada The goddess who initiates the shamans
God name
Bella Coola Indian / British Columbia, Canada God of shamans. The deity who initiates into the shamanistic circle. He lives in the Forest and carries a wooden wand bound with cedar bark which he waves, creating a singing noise. He also frequents woodland lakes and ponds. When a woman meets him she is said to menstruate, while a man develops a nose bleed. Also Kle-klati-e'il....
God name
Chilcotin Indian / British Columbia, Canada Tutelary god. The so-called transformer known by different names among many Indian tribes. He is a wanderer who can change shape from human to animal and who educates the human race. He often appears in the guise of a raven, or as a dog, and has three sons....
God name
"Lendix-Teux Chilcotin"
BC Canada Tutelary god who educates the human race BC Canada
"Manabozo/ Nena bu shu Menonemi"
US / Canada A redeemer & a trickster who a rabbit on earth under a bowl
Deities name
God name
Ottawa / Canada This god is guilty of creating humans from animals
1 2 3 4
8 ways to attend college for free
1. Grants and scholarships
2. Give service to your country
3. Work for the school
4. Waive your costs
5. Become an apprentice
6. Have your employer pick up the costs
7. Be in demand
8. Choose a school that pays you
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The food of animal origin this is the most consumed may be the table egg, but laying hens treated with antibiotics can produce eggs contaminated with antibiotic residues
The food of animal origin this is the most consumed may be the table egg, but laying hens treated with antibiotics can produce eggs contaminated with antibiotic residues. antibiotic level of resistance [41]. In the entire case of excellent results for tetracycline residues, above the allowed optimum amounts (MRLs), confirmatory strategies are applied, lC-MS/MS [42] usually. Plant ingredients and spices as one substances or as purchase PF-04554878 blended preparations can possess a significant function in helping the performance, meals quality as well as the ongoing wellness position of laying hens [23,28,30]. Although continues to be free of laying hens generally, it is constantly on the persist in a number of generations of desk egg-producing hens worldwide, resulting in deficits in egg production, improved feed conversion rates and high mortality [43]. Over the years, adequate attention has not been paid to positive flocks were recorded [44]. Rabbit polyclonal to HERC4 This was the main reason for the improved desire for understanding the consequences of infections in laying hens. is an important pathogen of home poultry, causing economic losses to the table egg makers and is considered the second most important avian sp. for home poultry [45]. is an egg transmitted pathogen that spreads horizontally through the respiratory pathways, usually influencing 100% of the hens in the facility [43,45]. Once infected, the hens become persistently infected with and remain service providers for life. This is the main reason for the antibiotic treatments [46], so the natural alternative in the form of essential oils has been more than necessary [47]. Most frequently, the infection happens like a subclinical top respiratory infection, which can progress to the respiratory lesions and become aggravated by additional respiratory pathogens. Since 2000, problems in the table egg production have been more and more globally observed and are again caused by strains. The upper portion of the eggshell is definitely translucent, thinner and more fragile to break, although the poor eggshell is defined genetically [48] sometimes. Some useful and essential ramifications of the phytoadditives in pet diet are the arousal of give food to and urge for food intake, elevated digestive enzyme secretions, purchase PF-04554878 immune system response activations and antioxidant activities [21,26,28,29,31], aswell as the make use of in parasite remedies, such as for example [49,50]. The tea tree (continues to be intensively found in agriculture aswell as pharmaceutical and veterinary medication, like purchase PF-04554878 a great many other place products and species produced from their bioactive compounds [54]. Their antioxidant properties possess became effective in slowing lipid peroxidation, producing them ideal in the creation of desk eggs and raising the egg shelf lifestyle [21]. The structure from the tea tree bioactive substance extracts continues to be studied, furthermore to their benefits in in vivo tests in laying hens diet for egg quality variables, aswell as their program in organic agriculture [51]. Since bioactive substances represent supplementary metabolites in plant life, their concentration is normally inspired by many elements, environmental and genetic, therefore the continuous determination and investigation of their concentrations in plant life are of high importance [55]. Therefore, predicated on these information, our analysis aimed to research the impact of three different antibiotics set alongside the tea tree (over the antibiotic residues in eggs as well as the eggs nutritive and sensory characteristics. 2. Components and Methods Moral Acceptance: The natural test out laying hens was performed following European union legislation and concept from the Three Rs within Directive 2010/63/European union. 2.1. Experimental Style with Laying Hens The test out laying hens was executed under the concepts of europe Technique for the Security and Welfare of Pets. A complete of 20,000 Lohmann Dark brown hens aged 42 weeks had been split into four different treatment-diets supplemented with 100 mg/kg tea tree gas (TT) being a control treatment, accompanied by 100 mg/kg of every tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC), respectively (Desk 1). The tea tree essential antibiotics and oil were applied in laying hens treatments trough the feed. Each treatment contains 5000 laying hens, respectively. The.
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Asked by: Junie Hendricks
asked in category: General Last Updated: 1st February, 2020
How do you calculate BSA on a calculator?
Where BSA is represented in m2, W is weight in kg, and H is height in cm, the formulas are as follows:
1. Du Bois formula: BSA = 0.007184 × W0.425 × H0.725
2. Mosteller formula: BSA = = 0.016667 × W0.5 × H0.5
3. Haycock formula:
4. Gehan and George formula:
5. Boyd formula:
6. Fujimoto formula:
7. Takahira formula:
8. Schlich formula:
Click to see full answer.
Also to know is, how do you calculate BSA?
Body Surface Area (BSA)
1. Calculate weight in kilograms: 210 pounds ÷ 2.2 = 95.45 kg.
2. Calculate height in centimeters: 6 feet, 3 inches = 75 inches x 2.54 cm/inch = 190.5 cm.
3. Multiply height by weight and divide by 3600. (190.5 cm x 95.45 kg) ÷ 3600 = 5.
4. Take the square root of 5 = 2.24 m2
Subsequently, one may also ask, what does BSA calculated mean?
body surface area
What is normal BSA range?
Body surface area: BSA. The total surface area of the human body. The body surface area is used in many measurements in medicine, including the calculation of drug dosages and the amount of fluids to be administered IV. Average body surface area for adult men: 1.9 m2. Average body surface area for adult women: 1.6 m2.
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Cornerstones Curriculum 2021
Bloxwich Academy Primary
Here at the academy we will be providing a broad and balanced curriculum based around the Cornerstones Curriculum, a nationally recognised approach for delivering outstanding learning opportunities for children.
What is the Cornerstones Curriculum?
The Cornerstones Curriculum is a creative and thematic approach to learning that is mapped to the 2014 primary national curriculum to ensure comprehensive coverage of national expectations. It is based on a child-centred pedagogy called The Four Cornerstones and is delivered through Imaginative Learning Projects (ILPs) and Knowledge Rich Projects (KRPs), which provide a rich menu of exciting and motivating learning activities that make creative links between all aspects of children’s learning. We believe children learn better when they are encouraged to use their imagination and apply their learning to engaging contexts. Our curriculum provides many learning challenges throughout the academic year that require children to solve problems, apply themselves creatively and express their knowledge and understanding effectively. Cornerstones also provide a rigorous skills and knowledge framework that outlines the end of year expectations in all subjects. These skills and knowledge are tied to activities and are age-related so that staff can track children’s progress and identify their individual learning needs.
These are the following ILPs/KLPs that each Year group will be covering, each one will start with a ‘memorable experience’.
Screenshot 2021-05-25 at 12.22.18
Summer Term
Nursery: Can I have a dog?
How do I look after it? Children will explore these questions and more in this project about pets and how to care for them.
Reception: Do cows drink milk?
What are baby pigs called? Children will explore these questions and more in this project about life on the farm and the animals that live there.
Year 1: Childhood
This project teaches children about everyday life and families today, including comparisons with childhood in the 1950s, using artefacts, toys and a range of different sources. Children will compare their own experiences to those of children from the 1950’s.
Year 2: Scented garden
Children will take part in some amazing activities linked to gardening and will be creating a delicious herb garden for everyone to enjoy. They will also explore the sensory world of plants and the environment developing their knowledge of the five senses, how plants grow, and how we can use them in everyday life.
Year 3: Rocks, relics and rumbles
This project teaches children about the features and characteristics of Earth's layers, including a detailed exploration of volcanic and tectonic activity. They will learn about different types of rocks and we will be looking at world maps, locating where volcanoes are and where earthquakes have happened around the world.
Year 4: Traders and raiders
This project will develop children’s knowledge of Britain’s early invaders and settlers. Children learn about Anglo-Saxon and Viking culture, chronology and key events. The children will be looking at the collapse of the Roman Empire in Britain, and how the Anglo-Saxons stood up against the Vikings. Children will also be using their geographical knowledge to help them with locating famous Saxon sites around the UK.
Year 5: Sow, grow and farm
This project teaches children about the features and characteristics of land use in agricultural regions across the world, including a detailed exploration of significant environmental areas. The children will become gardeners with a passion for growing and encouraging the environment, and will learn about sustainability and the way in which all different manner of food is grown and harvested. The children will also discuss food miles and where food comes from across the world.
Year 6: Revolution
Children will be taught about life in Victorian times developing their knowledge about Victorian culture, including significant people and inventions of the time. Children will explore and sample life in the Victorian times and much more!
Help your child prepare for their project.
This half term, look at local pet store to learn about animal care. We’ll see small animals and ask lots of questions. Back at school, we’ll rear and look after some chicks. Our role play vets surgery will keep us busy, as we’ll bathe, bandage and feed toy animals. Using our problem-solving skills, we’ll sort pet care items using different criteria. Getting creative, we’ll use stencils to create animal prints. In our literacy work, we’ll share books, reading animal names and exploring the initial sounds. We’ll take a walk on the wild side when we practise moving like animals. Will we curl up like a cat or run like a dog? Inspired by pictures of amazing animals, we’ll draw the pet we would like and write its name. Using our maths skills, we’ll count the dogs in different sets.
At the end of the project, we’ll make a collaborative scrapbook and share stories about our pets.
Help your child prepare for their project.
This half term, we’ll be looking at local farms to take in the sights, sounds and smells. We’ll observe the different farm animals, crops and vehicles, and maybe explore what it is like to ride in on a tractor! Back in the classroom, we’ll monitor beans as they grow, noting how they change. In our literacy lessons, we’ll make predictions about stories and try out some farmyard rhymes. We’ll create songs about the farm to sing as we shake our homemade seed shakers in time. In our mathematics lessons, we’ll use an animal ‘baa chart’ to estimate the number of popular farmyard animals, and we’ll use addition and subtraction to help Little Bo Beep count her sheep. Outside once more, we’ll take it in turns to be sheepdogs, sheep and farmers. Can we herd all of our sheep into the pen? Getting creative, we’ll use coloured play dough and clay to create farmyard scenarios, and ‘paint’ farm animals using graphics software. Then, we’ll design and make delicious, flavoured breads to sell in our very own farm shop!
At the end of the project, we’ll invite you into school to share our best bits. We’ll write funny farmyard stories and compile a letter to send to the farm we visited, explaining what we’ve learned.
Help your child prepare for their project.
Farms are fantastic! Why not explore your kitchen cupboards together and talk about where different foods come from? Do you have any local farm produce? You could also visit a local farm or petting zoo and take pictures of each animal to share with the class. Alternatively, take toy tractors, spades and trowels outside to dig together in the mud. Add water to the soil for extra muddiness – don’t forget your wellies!
In the Childhood project, your child will learn words and phrases related to the passage of time. They will explore artefacts and toys to help them to understand childhood in the past and how childhood has changed over time. They will explore the six stages of life and explore timelines and family trees. Everyday life in the 1950s will be explored, including shopping, transport, family life and childhood. They will also learn about the significance of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation in 1953 by studying photographs and online sources. The children will use maps to explore how places have changed over time and highlight any similarities or differences between childhood today and childhood in the 1950s. At the end of the project, they will create knowledge organisers for children who are about to study the topic of childhood.
Let’s tiptoe through the tulips together and discover the sights, sounds and smells of the garden.
This half term, we’ll recreate a florist’s shop and a garden centre as a roleplay area. We’ll find out how to look after plants, ask the experts questions and appreciate the flowers. We’ll write a recount about our experiences, follow instructions, enjoy the story of Superworm and write stories of our own. Discovering our green fingers will be fun when we plant and tend a pizza garden of herbs. We’ll also learn about the different parts of a plant and create our own ‘planting and growing’ action rhyme. Our senses will help us describe and sort a range of smells and we’ll make beautifully scented products. We’ll look closely at a wide variety of plants, create detailed, observational drawings and press real flowers to use in collages.
At the end of our project, we will have become plant experts! We’ll create a presentation about plants, share the information books that we have made and design a fantasy garden.
Help your child prepare for their project.
Gardens are so special and are an excellent place to visit together. Why not take close-up photographs of flowers and use a plant identification app or spotting guide to find the name of each plant? You could also buy some wildflower seeds and watch them grow. Alternatively, bake recipes containing fragrant herbs and spices! Cheese and chive scones, cinnamon biscuits and lavender cake are all delicious!
In the Rocks, Relics and Rumbles project, your child will learn about the different layers of the Earth, including plate tectonics and their potential effects on the Earth's surface. They will investigate different types of rock to learn about their uses and properties. They will also investigate soil and fossils. They will have the opportunity to use maps to learn about the lines of latitude and longitude and a compass to learn about the cardinal and intercardinal points. They will also learn about volcanoes, earthquakes and the long and short-term consequences that these can have.
Who’s that waving axes and brandishing swords? It’s the Saxons invading Britain’s shores!
During this half term, we’ll start by making sturdy boats to sail the ocean’s fearsome waves. We’ll write diary entries as an Anglo-Saxon who witnessed the Vikings’ landing, and we’ll find out about key dates. Using Ordnance maps, we’ll plot the location of Roman shore forts and draw our own sketch maps. We’ll make models of Saxon jewellery and carefully carve runes using clay tools. We will be creating exciting non-chronological reports to explain who the Vikings were and what they wanted. Using maps, we’ll identify the places where the invaders came from and locate Viking invasion sites. We’ll also be researching Viking beliefs including all the gods they believed in.
At the end of the project, we’ll reflect on what it would have been like to be a child during these troubled times, and we will be hosting an in-school Anglo-Saxon market. This is where we will be trading the items we have made throughout the project with our classmates.
Help your child prepare for their project.
Watch out – the Saxons and Vikings are invading! Why not research online together to see if there have been any Saxon or Viking invasions in your area? You could also find out more by visiting museum websites to explore Saxon and Viking connections further. Alternatively, read books and watch films together to gain an insight into this period, such as How to Train Your Dragon.
In the Sow, Grow and Farm project, your child will learn about allotments in the United Kingdom and how the government encouraged people to have them to support food rationing during the Second World War (Dig for Victory). They will investigate the different ways that plants reproduce and how this affects the way that farmers plant their crops. They will have the opportunity to learn about farming in the United Kingdom and the techniques used in modern farming and discuss the challenges that farmers face. In writing, the children will explore how one problem involving the climate can affect the way that livestock is cared for the everyday impacts on farmers. They will learn about when different foods and in seasons and the benefits of eating seasonally, as well as the pros and cons of importing food. They will also learn about world farming and how the different climate zones affect where different foods can be grown.
During this half term, we’ll use non-fiction books to research Victorian education and people, including famous inventors, reformers and Queen Victoria herself. Then, we’ll write a diary entry and a newspaper using a range of source materials. We’ll write on slates, learn the three ‘Rs’ and take part in cooking, sewing and woodwork lessons, just like a child in a Victorian school. We’ll learn about crime and punishment and what games the Victorian children would have played with. ‘Drill’ activities will have us following instructions to march, stretch and jump in formation. We’ll learn all about the Industrial Revolution and find out what life was like in a Victorian slum. How things have changed! Copying the style of famous Victorian paintings, we’ll experiment with block printing techniques.
At the end of the ILP, we’ll stage an exhibition to showcase the work we have done during the project.
Help your child prepare for their project.
The Victorian era influenced the way we live now in many ways. Why not visit a local museum to learn about what Victorians’ lives were like in your area? You could also visit the library to find out about local Victorian history. Alternatively, make a collage timeline of key events in the Victorian period.
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Not in my back yard (NIMBY)
Not in my back yard (NIMBY) refers to the fact that people want the convenience of products and proper disposal of the waste generated by their use of products, provided the disposal area not located near them.
Waste management
Waste Management is a term used to describe the classification of waste hierarchy divided into the following categories and models.
Recovery rate
Recovery rate refers to the percentage of usable recycled materials generated from the total amount of municipal solid waste in a specific area or industry.
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Gordon Rhythm Syllables Chart: [Detailed Guide]
image gordon rhythm syllables chart guide
Are you interested in teaching using rhythm syllables that follow the beat?
Do you want a simple resource for using the rhythm syllables used by some major music methods
The Gordon rhythm method was developed by James Froseth and is popular with Music Learning Theory and Conversational Solfege.
One useful tool to use would be a Gordon rhythm syllables chart.
Gordon rhythm syllables align with beat no matter what meter you’re in. For example, any note which lands on the beat is said with “du” while any note landing exactly halfway between the beat is called “de.” This adapts to any meter easily.
Read on for more details on the system and how it compares to other similar systems.
What Are Rhythm Syllables?
In general, rhythm syllables are sounds developed for students and musicians as a way to help them understand and perform rhythms quicker and deeper than through rote memorization. The syllables come in two main types: replacement syllables or beat-function syllables.
Replacement syllables do what the name says: they replace the note values with a specific sound. For example, a quarter would always be called a “ta” no matter what the meter was.
Beat-function syllables follow the rhythm that gets the beat and changes depending on the meter. The Gordon rhythm syllables are an example of this type of system.
Gordon Rhythm Solfege
The Gordon rhythm syllables (sometimes called Gordon rhythm solfege) is an example of a beat-function system.
These syllables change based on the placement of the rhythm in relation to the beat rather than the specific rhythm value as used by the Kodaly counting system (also known as ta ti ti rhythm).
The following chart demonstrates how the system works in 4/4 meter.
image gordon rhythm syllables chart
If the meter was changed to 2/2, the syllables would then change to match this:
• Half note = du
• 2 quarter notes = du de
• 4 eighth notes = du ta de ta
• 3 quarter note triplets = du da di
• Dotted half-quarter = du – de
• Quarter-dotted half = du de –
What Is A Macrobeat? What Is A Microbeat?
When reading about the Gordon rhythm syllables, you’ll often come across the terms macrobeat and microbeat. But what do these mean?
These words are different terms which mean concepts you may already understand or know by different words.
Macrobeat – The large beat pulse. When in relation to meter, this is the note that gets the beat.
In 4/4, the quarter note pulse is the macrobeat. In 2/2, the half note is the macrobeat. With 6/8, the dotted quarter note is the macrobeat.
Macrobeat can also just be known as the beat by most musicians.
Microbeat – Microbeat is what the macrobeat is divided into. The beat is typically divided into either groups of 2 or 3.
Microbeats of 2 is also called duple or simple, while microbeats of 3 may be called triple or compound.
The microbeat can also be called the division.
Froseth Syllables
A lot of people wrongfully assume that Edwin Gordon developed his Gordon rhythm method all on his own. While the method of instruction may be his own, the sounds used are actually properly called Froseth syllables.
James O. Froseth of the University of Michigan was a pioneer for instruction in beginning instrumentalists. As part of this, he sought to develop a rhythm system using syllables which could help the articulation of young band students.
This is why the syllables use the “d” and “t” sounds for their syllables rather than the “t”, “k”, “v”, “d”, and “m” sounds of the previous takadimi system.
Edwin Gordon, founder of Music Learning Theory, borrowed from this system for his own teaching focused on elementary students. This is similar to how Kodaly and other experts borrowed from those who came before.
Takadimi Vs Gordon
For those familiar with takadimi, you may notice some similarities between that method and the Gordon rhythm syllables.
They’re both beat-function systems using syllables that follow the placement of the rhythm on the beat.
Here are some quick pros and cons for a quick takadimi vs. Gordon comparison.
Pros For Takadimi:
• Commonly used at high levels
• Follows the beat
• Develops awareness of pulse and rhythm relations
• Rooted in classical Indian music
Cons For Takadimi:
• Syllables not useful for teaching instrumental articulation
Pros For Gordon:
• Used by several elementary music methods
• Syllables help with articulation of wind instruments
• Follows the beat
• Develops awareness of pulse and rhythm relations
Cons For Gordon:
• Sometimes the du-di for quarter-eighth in triple will make kids laugh and get distracted
• Not as common as other rhythm systems (although it is growing in popularity)
I hope you found this information and the Gordon rhythm syllables chart helpful. This system is in use by many and can help your student understand rhythms quicker and deeper.
Do you use this system? Let us know why you like it!
Zach VanderGraaff
Recent Posts
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Your team is working extremely hard, but it seems like no progress is being made. Project team members are highly skilled but not unmanageable. The project is complex but not overly difficult. The deadline is tight but not impossible. The simplest tasks seem to drain the team’s motivation to produce good work. Every change or adjustment is met with apprehension and anxiety. You ignore the nagging feeling that something is wrong.
Communication is often viewed as a simple act. However, the more people who are involved the more complex it can become. Whether your project is big or small, bad communication can cripple how it’s running. Below are three areas that can improve how a project team communicates.
• Project goals
• Team roles
• Tracking decisions
Project Goals
The goals of a project can vary drastically. The owner wants a “beautiful” building, the user groups want more space and storage, the patients want to be comfortable, and the code official wants a safe building. The project team must define those goals and make sure all team members understand them at each stage of a project. The path to achieve those objectives can differ within the project team, but without clearly defined goals team members are in danger of becoming lost among a sea of requests and directives.
Team Roles
Recognizing the roles of team members and what they are responsible for is crucial to creating good communication. Imagine a sports team who didn’t understand the roles of each player. How could they play as a team, let alone win a game? Understanding what a fellow team member is responsible for and how that contributes to the project provides guidance. Who manages the project schedule? Who initiates the “look” and layout of the building? Who’s in charge of researching code requirements for the project? Understanding team roles provides direction on where communication should flow and where to get answers to issues that develop.
Tracking Decisions
An unbelievable number of decisions are made during a building project. User group meetings, presentations, phone calls, emails, building codes, regional requirements, and government entities all contribute to which direction a project should take. Communicating those decisions among team members is crucial to the success of the project. How is a decision recorded? Why was that decision made? Was this decision a request or a requirement? When is direction distributed to the team? Recording decisions for a project directs the team on how to proceed and allows direction to guide the project to completion.
These are just a few areas that can improve communication among a team. The experience of being on a team that works well together can rival the feeling of completing a project. Good communication establishes and strengthens the trust and commitment of each team member to each other and contributes to the success of a project.
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What is the rule for over and back in basketball?
Over and back in basketball is a violation that occurs when a player gains possession of the ball past the half-court line and proceeds to cross back over the boundary.
What is the rule for backcourt in basketball?
A backcourt violation is an illegal play that the offense commits while in their own half of the court. Teams can commit backcourt violations by taking too long to cross the mid-court line, or by dribbling or passing into the backcourt after they cross the mid-court line.
What is the penalty over and back?
Over and Back Rule
Once an offensive team has taken the basketball completely past midcourt and into the front court, they are no longer allowed to enter the backcourt. Any part of the ball or player that touches the midcourt line or back court is deemed to be in violation.
What is the backcourt violation rule?
Backcourt Violations (Rule 9-12.5) – This rule states that “A pass or any other loose ball in the. front court that is deflected by a defensive player, which causes the ball to go into the backcourt. may be recovered by either team even if the offense was last to touch the ball before it went into. the backcourt.”
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What is pushing foul in basketball?
Pushing Foul – A “Pushing Foul” occurs when a defender pushes an offensive player or bumps into the body of an offensive player. Page 2. Illegal Use of Hands Foul – This is a foul called when a defender slaps, hacks, or smacks an offensive player with the ball.
What is the 10 second rule in basketball?
The NBA rulebook says a player has 10 seconds to shoot a free throw after receiving the ball from the official. If he takes more than 10 seconds, he is in violation of league rules, and is thus penalized. The opponent gets possession.
Can you step back without dribbling?
In the NBA the player may still use either foot to pivot, this can give the look of a player being allowed to take two steps, but the no rule book phrases it that way. These same rules apply when catching the ball after dribbling or “picking up your dribble”. So no, you cannot take 4 steps without dribbling the ball.
Is an over the back a turnover?
When an offensive player who has possession of the ball crosses over the half-court line (with both feet) into their opponent’s court, then steps back over the half-court line back into their half of the court. This is a violation in basketball and results in a turnover.
What is the penalty for committing a violation?
Most violations are committed by the team with possession of the ball, when a player mishandles the ball or makes an illegal move. The typical penalty for a violation is loss of the ball to the other team. This is one type of turnover.
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Is there an over the back call in basketball?
There is no such thing as an “over the back” foul in basketball. A player may legally reach all the way over the top of another player and get a rebound. A foul only occurs when the player pushes or holds the player he is reaching over in order to gain advantage.
Can you block from the back in basketball?
Is it legal to block a shot if I am behind the player? Yes, it’s completely legal to block someone’s shot behind them, as long as you don’t foul them.
Playing basketball
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How to Use a Compass || REI
Sharing buttons:
a compass is part of the 10 essentials
and most people take one with them into
the mountains but how in the world does
it work luckily it isn't too hard to use
your compass and when paired with a good
map and a bit of know-how it becomes a
powerful tool for navigation in this
video we're going to cover the essential
parts of the compass how to set up your
compass to account for the declination
for your region how to take a bearing
from a map to find an object in the
field and how to take a bearing in the
field to find yourself on a map alright
it's going to be hard to talk about how
to use the compass without first
understanding what all the different
parts are for so let's go through that
real quick this is the base plate it's
clear so you can see the map below it
and there's always at least one straight
edge that you'll use later for taking
bearings on the side there are rulers
that you can use along with your map
scale to help you calculate distance
on top you'll find a direction of travel
arrow to remind you which direction to
point the compass when you're taking a
bearing this big circle is the rotating
bezel which is marked with degrees from
zero clockwise up to 360 above the bezel
is a little marker called the index line
which marks where you'll read your
bearings inside the bezel the first
thing you'll notice is the magnetized
needle which always points to the
magnetic north pole not the true North
Pole we'll get into the difference in a
minute there's also a big arrow called
the orienting arrow which we'll use to
help you orient the bezel alongside the
orienting arrow our orienting lines that
you'll use to help you line up the
compass with north on a map finally some
compasses have a handy declination scale
which makes it easier to adjust
declination what's declination you ask
well declination is the angle difference
between true north and magnetic north
the needle in your compass will only
point to magnetic north so right now
it's pointing to somewhere in northern
Canada not Santa's workshop if you don't
adjust your compass to account for the
difference between magnetic north and
true north
it can really mess up your navigation
depending on where you are in the
country the declination will be a
certain number of degrees to either the
west or the east
you can find the direction a number of
degrees in the declination diagram near
the legend along with the date of the
maps most recent revision if your map
hasn't been revised for several years
it's worth looking up the current
declination online different compass
brands set declination in different ways
and once you know the declination for
your region you can put that information
into your compass when you do and the
needle lines up inside the orienting
arrow the north marker on the bezel will
point to true north this map of the Lake
Tahoe area has a declination of 14
degrees east and it was updated very
recently so we need to move the
orienting arrow 14 degrees to the east
now that the declination is set you can
start using your compass with your map
first off a bearing describes a
direction in terms of degrees bearings
are way more precise than just saying go
east or west instead you can say to get
to the lake follow a bearing of 79
degrees one of the most common way is to
use the bearing is when you're out
hiking and you want to head to a
specific point like a peak or your
campsite if you know where you are on a
map it's a simple process start by
finding your current location on the map
let's say were here now set your compass
on the map so that the straight side of
the baseplate lines up with your
position next find the point you want to
head toward let's say it's this peak and
rotate the entire compass until it forms
a line between your position and your
make sure the direction of travel arrow
is pointing in the direction of the peak
once the compass is in position rotate
the bezel until the orienting lines are
lined up with north and south on the map
you can use the edge of the map to help
you get the lines position just right
remember to make sure that the North
marker on the bezel is pointing to north
on the map and not south okay once the
orienting lines are running north-south
look at the index line to read the
bearing you've just captured here it's
Congrats now you can use the compass to
follow the bearing pull the compass in
front of you with the direction of
travel arrow pointing away from you now
rotate your whole body until the north
side of the magnetized needle is inside
the orienting arrow if it helps you can
remember red in the shed once you've got
red in the shed you're facing the
bearing of 188 and your destination if
you're out hiking and you want to find
your location on a map you can also take
a bearing off a landmark near you then
you can transfer that bearing to your
map and figure out where you are start
by finding a landmark that you can also
identify on your map hold your compass
up with the direction of travel arrow
pointing away from you and directly at
the landmark now keep the compass flat
and rotate the bezel until the
magnetized needle is inside the
orienting arrow or red is in the shed
once the needle is in you've captured
the bearing a compass with a sighting
near makes it easy to take very accurate
bearings hold the compass at eye level
and point it at the object then tilt the
mirror until you can see straight down
into the bezel this way you can see the
object and the bezel at the same time
once you've got the bearing you can
transfer it to the map lay your compass
on the map and line up its edge with a
known landmark make sure that the
direction of travel arrow is pointing in
the direction of the landmark with the
edge of the compass lined up against the
object rotate the entire baseplate until
the orienting lines are running
north-south and the North marker on the
bezel is pointing to North on the map
once you've finished you can draw a line
on the map along the edge of your
compass you are somewhere along this
line if you want to find your exact
position you use the process called
triangulation all you have to do is take
another bearing but with a different
object that's at least sixty degrees
away from the first where the two lines
intersect is your position
if you take a third bearing you'll end
up with a little triangle and the
smaller the triangle the more accurate
the reading compass skills can be
daunting at first but they get way
easier with practice watch the video a
few times to get familiar with the
techniques and then test them out on
your favorite Trail and for more
practice and a deeper dive into
navigation click here to find a
navigation class near you
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How Often Do Aloe Plants Bloom?
The aloe family (Aloe spp.) contains more than 400 species, the most well-known of which is aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), noted for its ability to soothe dry or sunburned skin. Many aloes grow well in rock gardens or arid landscapes in warm climates, and most bloom at least once a year.
Aloes come from arid climates, and have developed thick, fleshy leaves to conserve water and became adapted to bright light and dry soil. The climates in which they grow depends on the species, but most will not grow well in cool or wet climates. Blooms typically form on tall, stalks, which are sometimes branched and range from white and yellow to orange and red. Because aloes are native to Africa and the Mediterranean region, where they are pollinated by birds, they have developed stalks for the birds to sit on while drinking nectar.
Bloom Time
Aloe bloom times depend on the species, but they often bloom sporadically throughout the year. Aloe vera, which grows in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, usually blooms in summer, although it can bloom at other times, provided it has the right growing conditions. Its flowers are yellow, a common color for aloe plants. Gold-toothed aloe (Aloe x spinosissima) grows in USDA zones 9 through 11 and produces orange flowers in March to April.
Aloes grow well in warmer climates where winter temperatures do not fall below freezing. In areas where colder temperatures are possible, the plants must be protected if temperatures fall below 32 degrees Fahrenheit for more than a few hours. While they will tolerate full sun, bright, reflected light may become too much for them. In summer, water them every other week, and winter rainfall will take care of them the rest of the year. They prefer sandy, well-draining soil, and you should ensure it is dry before planting them in the ground.
Garden Uses
Aloes do well in low-water environments like dune scapes or rock gardens. Aloe plants work well as edgings or borders, depending on size, and can also be planted in colonies for a dramatic effect. Their sturdy appearance contrasts well with more delicate plants, and they make good additions to perennial or tropical gardens. Aloes are also frequently grown as container plants, both indoors and out.
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What Time Does The Inauguration Take Place?
When did the inauguration ceremony take place?
This happened on four occasions, in 1821, 1849, 1877, and 1917. Inauguration Day moved to January 20, beginning in 1937, following ratification of the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution, where it has remained since.
Is the inauguration virtual?
Which president did not attend the inauguration?
When and where was the first presidential inauguration?
The first inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States was held on Thursday, April 30, 1789 on the balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, New York.
Where did the inauguration ceremony takes place?
Where did the inauguration ceremony take place? The inauguration ceremony took place in the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria. It was attended by politicians and dignitaries from more than 140 countries around the world.
You might be interested: Question: What Day Was Barack Inauguration?
Where did the ceremony takes place Why?
Answer: The ceremonies took place in the sandstone amphitheater formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. The Supreme Court of India, Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhavan are some of the public buildings in India made of sandstone.
Which president was drunk at his inauguration?
Why didn’t John Adams attend Jefferson’s inauguration?
Did Andrew Jackson attend inauguration?
Why did they change the inauguration date?
You might be interested: Often asked: What You Need To Know About Dc During Inauguration Weekend?
What was Washington saying in his inaugural address?
Did George Washington speak softly?
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Why Has El Salvador Adopted Bitcoin?
Why Has El Salvador Adopted Bitcoin
El Salvador received a lot of attention when it became the first country to make Bitcoin legal tender. The implications of this are fairly large for the small Central American country.
However, many people forget to mention why El Salvador adopted Bitcoin as a currency. This article will explain exactly why El Salvador made Bitcoin legal tender. We will also explain what this means for the country itself.
Here’s Why El Salvador Adopted Bitcoin
Understanding why El Salvador has embraced Bitcoin requires some understanding of how the El Salvadoran economy functions.
The basics are that El Salvador has a gross domestic product (GDP) of about $27 billion. Remittances from Salvadorans living abroad make up one fifth of the GDP or about $6 billion.
Most of the remittances come from the United States via wire transfer companies like Western Union and MoneyGram.
With that in mind, a major reason El Salvador adopted Bitcoin is to save Salvadorans over $400 million total in fees that they pay for using Western Union and MoneyGram
Transferring money from the United States to El Salvador is not cheap when using traditional finance like Western Union. On the other hand, the fees for transferring Bitcoin are negligible when using a layer 2 solution like Lightning Network.
To summarize, El Salvador started using Bitcoin to allow citizens to reduce fees they must pay when receiving remittances from abroad. But it goes a little further than that reason alone, which we will explain in the next section.
El Salvador Wants To Become a Bitcoin Mining Hub
An often forgotten aspect of El Salvador embracing Bitcoin is that the country has more plans than just using it as legal tender.
For one, El Salvador gets most of its energy from geothermal sources owned by a state run company. Unfortunately, the geothermal plants are in rural areas away from cities. This means that a lot of electricity is lost transporting the electricity to cities.
Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele has said that Bitcoin miners (and other factories) might be interested in developing mining facilities near the geothermal sites because of the access to cheap electricity.
El Salvador also offers residency to anyone that invests 3 bitcoin into the country. The residency has a path to citizenship after 5 years.
This is a great way to attract Bitcoin miners that were kicked out of China.
So, El Salvador offers a path to citizenship for investing bitcoin into the country combined with offering cheap electricity to Bitcoin miners.
It’s clear that the country is attempting to attract Bitcoin miners. This could be risky if the country decides to nationalize Bitcoin mining companies, but that seems unlikely to occur at this point.
70% of Salvadorans Don’t Have Bank Accounts
Another interesting point with El Salvador is that nearly 70% of the population does not have a bank account. They presumably use cash for all transactions. But it’s expensive to transfer money domestically if one party does not have a bank account.
Bitcoin sort of remedies this because it is extremely easy to set up a Bitcoin wallet. El Salvador was even paying citizens $30 to create their own Bitcoin wallet on the official government wallet app.
El Salvador Uses The US Dollar
A major reason a country like El Salvador would make bitcoin legal tender is that the country does not have its own national currency. Instead, El Salvador uses the United States Dollar as an official currency.
The major problem with this is that the country has no monetary sovereignty. This became a bit of a problem when the United States decided to print 25% of the entire money supply in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Countries that use the US Dollar are collateral damage in that monetary decision. They will face a large amount of inflation and cannot really do anything because, well, the decision comes from Washington DC.
El Salvador does not mention this topic too much, but it is reasonable to assume that the government likely considered this when making the decision. The long term plan may even involve dropping the US Dollar entirely once people become comfortable using Bitcoin for transactions.
How Bitcoin Can Be Used in El Salvador
Bitcoin is now legal tender in El Salvador. This means it has all the same uses as normal money. This includes the following:
• Businesses must accept Bitcoin payments.
• Not strictly enforced, but it is the law.
• Taxes can be paid in Bitcoin.
• No capital gains tax must be paid when selling Bitcoin.
• This also applies to foreigners selling Bitcoin in El Salvador.
• Bitcoin can be used for transfers.
Those are the three primary ways that Bitcoin is used in the country. The biggest, in our opinion, is that foreigners do not pay any taxes when selling their bitcoin.
That will attract a lot of foreigners to the country that want to close out their position. Not to mention that those foreigners can also use their bitcoin to buy goods in the country.
It goes without saying that El Salvador will likely become a big money laundering hotspot. But that has already been fairly common when the country decided to use the US Dollar as the official currency.
What Is The End Game With El Salvador Adopting Bitcoin?
The likely end game with El Salvador adopting Bitcoin likely involves ditching the United States Dollar. The writing is sort of on the wall for the US Dollar with the reckless printing that has occurred over the past two years.
It’s also difficult for a country to function with 3 currencies. The original plan with El Salvador involved using the US Dollar alongside the Salvadoran Colon, but that plan was quickly scrapped and Colons were a
Another sad reality is that El Salvador does have a large crime problem mostly related to the drug trade with the United States. Many have speculated that El Salvador adopted the US Dollar in order to facilitate money laundering within the country.
Anyway, the likely end game of El Salvador adopting Bitcoin is a slow transition from the United States Dollar to Bitcoin, similar to the switch from the Colon to the Dollar. This could be related to El Salvador wanting to launder bitcoin or it could simply be because the US Dollar will likely inflate away all its value.
Closing Thoughts
That covers it for why El Salvador adopted Bitcoin. The surface level reason relates to remittances from the United States to El Salvador.
However, underlying reasons likely include distrust in the future of the US Dollar combined with encouraging more citizens to adopt digital banking of some sort. Another reason possibly includes to facilitate money laundering in a country rife with money laundering from gangs and the government itself.
All things considered, the adoption of Bitcoin by El Salvador is likely a net positive for the future of the cryptocurrency and the health of the country. It may come to the point that Salvadorans become extremely wealthy if the price of Bitcoin rises significantly in the future.
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Data corruption is the accidental change of a file or the losing of information which often occurs during reading or writing. The reason could be hardware or software fail, and because of this, a file could become partially or fully corrupted, so it'll no longer work as it should as its bits shall be scrambled or lost. An image file, for instance, will no longer show a true image, but a random mix of colors, an archive will be impossible to unpack as its content will be unreadable, and so on. In the event that such an issue appears and it's not recognized by the system or by an administrator, the data will become corrupted silently and in case this happens on a disk drive that is a part of a RAID array where the info is synchronized between various different drives, the corrupted file will be replicated on all of the other drives and the damage will become long term. A number of frequently used file systems either do not offer real-time checks or don't have high quality ones that can detect a problem before the damage is done, so silent data corruption is a rather common matter on internet hosting servers where huge amounts of information are kept.
No Data Corruption & Data Integrity in Cloud Hosting
We have dealt with the issue of silent data corruption on all our cloud hosting servers by using the cutting-edge Z file system, or ZFS. The latter is better than other file systems because it is the only one out there which checks all the files right away by using a checksum - a digital identifier that is unique for each and every file. When you upload content to your account, it will be stored on several SSD drives and constantly synced between them for redundancy. ZFS regularly examines the checksum of all files and in case any file is detected as damaged, it is replaced right away with a good copy from some other disk. As this happens in real time, there's no risk that a bad file may remain or may be copied on the rest of the SSDs. ZFS requires a lot of physical memory in order to perform the real-time checks and the benefit of our cloud hosting platform is that we employ multiple very powerful servers working together. In case you host your sites with us, your info will be undamaged no matter what.
No Data Corruption & Data Integrity in Semi-dedicated Hosting
We've avoided any risk of files getting corrupted silently due to the fact that the servers where your semi-dedicated hosting account will be created use a powerful file system known as ZFS. Its main advantage over various other file systems is that it uses a unique checksum for each and every file - a digital fingerprint that is checked in real time. Since we store all content on multiple SSD drives, ZFS checks if the fingerprint of a file on one drive corresponds to the one on the other drives and the one it has saved. In the event that there's a mismatch, the damaged copy is replaced with a good one from one of the other drives and considering that this happens in real time, there's no chance that a corrupted copy could remain on our web servers or that it could be copied to the other hard disks in the RAID. None of the other file systems work with this type of checks and furthermore, even during a file system check after an unexpected power failure, none of them will discover silently corrupted files. In contrast, ZFS doesn't crash after a power failure and the constant checksum monitoring makes a time-consuming file system check unnecessary.
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Mar 25, 2020
A nanoscale device to generate high-power terahertz waves
Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, nanotechnology, security, sustainability
Terahertz (THz) waves fall between microwave and infrared radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum, oscillating at frequencies of between 100 billion and 30 trillion cycles per second. These waves are prized for their distinctive properties: they can penetrate paper, clothing, wood and walls, as well as detect air pollution. THz sources could revolutionize security and medical imaging systems. What’s more, their ability to carry vast quantities of data could hold the key to faster wireless communications.
THz waves are a type of non-ionizing radiation, meaning they pose no risk to human health. The technology is already used in some airports to scan passengers and detect dangerous objects and substances.
Despite holding great promise, THz waves are not widely used because they are costly and cumbersome to generate. But new technology developed by researchers at EPFL could change all that. The team at the Power and Wide-band-gap Electronics Research Laboratory (POWERlab), led by Prof. Elison Matioli, built a nanodevice that can generate extremely high-power signals in just a few picoseconds, or one trillionth of a second, which produces high-power THz waves.
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What is Negative Punishment?
As parents, nannies, babysitters, or daycare workers, we have been in situations where we don’t know what to do about a child’s unpleasant behavior. Although punishment sounds like too much, it can be the only thing that will work.
Behavioral psychology has it that punishment (positive or negative) helps reduce and tame unwanted behavior. As a parenting technique, punishment has been proved to work well applied with moderation.
Negative punishment is where you take away (temporarily) something that your child loves so that they can get rid of unpleasant behavior. For example, a child refusing to do their homework to watch television, negative punishment comes in when the child is denied the TV and sent to write their assignment.
On the flip side, positive punishment is where an unpleasant action is taken, or something undesirable is added to trigger a change of behavior in the child. For example, when a child is always bullying others, the teacher reprimands him in front of everyone.
This article focuses on negative punishment, describing factors that affect its effectiveness and its effects on your child.
Factors that Affect Effectiveness of Negative Punishment
Whether the punishment works or not, it affects your child’s behavior. Its effectiveness depends mainly on these factors:
It is how fast the punishment is instilled in relevance to the unwanted behavior. Is it infused immediately or delayed for some time? Negative punishment works best when it is applied at the instance of undesirable behavior. If you wait to punish them later, it will be difficult for it to be effective.
Let’s look at an example where a fifth-grade boy who’s always disrupting others in the class goes unpunished for several days. It will be difficult for the teacher to punish him concerning this mistake days later. Even if he is punished after repeating it, the punishment will not be beneficial as he’ll quickly make a mistake again, since he went for days without being punished.
The best action for the teacher to take is to punish the child immediately whenever he disrupts others so that he can learn and change the bad behavior.
What is Negative Punishment?
It describes what the punishment depends on so that it is executed. Is the child punished when he makes a mistake, or does the history of unwanted behavior determine the punishment?
If the punishment is dependent on the child’s mistake, there’s a higher chance that it will work. But, if the punishment is instilled depending on past mistakes, whether or not the child does it again, it is less likely to work.
For example, punishing a boy who disrupts others in the class by taking away his gold badges will change his behavior because he wants his badges back. But if you keep taking them even when he hasn’t disrupted others, he’ll end up disrupting them and give up on the badges. It will reduce the effectiveness of this method.
It describes how often the punishment is instilled. Does it happen every time the mistake is committed, or are there times when the punishment is skipped? To ensure that the punishment is effective, ensure that it is applied any time the unwanted behavior shows up.
For example, a driver who crosses the speed limits every time and gets away with it. Punishment is not effective because it is only applied once in a while only when the driver is caught. To ensure an increased adherence to the traffic speeding rules, the ticket fine should apply every time the driver crosses the limit.
It works the same in children. If you take away the toy car every time they fight while playing, with time, they will learn to play without fighting so that you don’t take it away. That means that the punishment will be effective.
Effects of Negative Punishment on a Child
Punishment, in general, can make your child feel rejected, unwanted, or unappreciated. Negative punishment is effective, but if overdone, it can result in such feelings in a child. As a parent, that’s the last thing you’d want to happen to your child.
To evade such reactions, take time to explain to your child why you are taking away something they love from them. Let them know their lousy behavior caused you to do that, but if they correct it, then they can have it back.
For example, if you took the tablet from your 4-year-old kid because he was throwing tantrums, wait until he’s calm, then explain it to him. It will ensure that he understands that throwing tantrums is wrong, and you’ll take away the tablet if he does so. It will be easier for him to correct his mistake from there.
An aspect of love is needed when applying negative punishment to your child, especially to those under seven years. At this age, your child is learning the difference between good and bad. Punishment will play a significant role in bringing this difference, only that you be careful not to overdo it and trigger unwanted feelings in the child.
Drawbacks of Negative Punishment
Will it always work? Well, it depends on the factors we’ve discussed earlier in this article. However, while it may work, some drawbacks can happen.
The Child Can Go Back to Former Habits If Consistent Punishment Is Withdrawn
What is Negative Punishment?
The negative punishment effect will continue as long as it is consistently applied, and the stimulus is removed every time. The problem is, if the punishment is stopped, the child will easily slide back into it.
For example, suppose you consistently take away chocolates and sweets from a child who refuses to eat vegetables so that they eat the vegetables first. In that case, it’s crucial to continue insisting that they eat healthy food first before they get a sweet.
On the day you allow them to eat sweets without any restrictions, it is easy for them to slide back to the unwanted behavior, and you’ll have to start the punishment all over again.
Negative Punishment Doesn’t Offer Solutions
Negative punishment is useful, but it only takes away the stimulus without telling the child what to do instead. It does not provide the child with information on how to go about the desired action.
For example, a child who misbehaves in the class receives punishment and all his badges taken from him. Without guidance on how to behave and interact with others in the class, this child might developmental or emotional problems.
That is why it is vital to apply this kind of punishment without being forceful to ensure that it’s practical without harming the child.
What Are Some Examples of Negative Punishment Application?
Throughout this article, I’ve been keen to give an example under most points. This section will highlight a few more examples of how you can use negative punishment to correct your child’s unwanted behavior.
Skipping School
Children, especially teenagers, would rather stay at home than go to school. If you found out that your child skipped school or an exam at school, you can take away their car keys as punishment for their wrong decision. By doing this, you hope that your child realizes their mistake and correct it accordingly.
Refusing to Help with House Chores
We know that children nowadays would rather play computer games all day than wash dishes or even clean their room. Most of them are hooked online on their phones and laptops that they have no time for house chores.
To correct this behavior, you can cut out the internet connectivity until they finish all the duties and put everything in order. It can be a very effective method of disciplining your children, especially in this new age where technology has taken over. They’ll want to do their chores fast every day so that you don’t cut out the internet connectivity.
Disrespectful Children
What is Negative Punishment?
We don’t want to bring up disrespectful children. Psychologists recommend putting a rude child on time out every time they are disrespectful. The time out should be determined by the child’s age (one minute per year) and should only last for a short period.
Time outs help your child calm down, and you can easily talk to them when they are calm. Your child also learns to be more respectful, not only to you but also to others.
A Teenager Ignoring Set Curfew Times
Teenagers are a handful, and that’s why you set a limit to how much time they spend out with their friends and what time to come back home. If your child flouts your curfew time limits, you can punish her by grounding her for a few days.
The next time she goes out, she’ll be careful to be home before her time is up. Grounding is a form of negative punishment as it takes away their time, forcing them to remain at home while their friends are out there having fun.
One More Thing
When applying negative punishment, be on the lookout for changes in behavior in your child. It will tell you whether the strategy you are using is working or not. If you notice a new positive action in your child, reinforce it so that it remains with him.
Recognize the new positive behavior, praise your child every time you see them doing good things, and encourage them to do more. While punishment can be useful in correcting unwanted behavior, it’s essential to ensure that your child retains the good behaviors they learn along the way.
Remember to enforce negative punishment considering your child’s emotional state and take time to explain your actions to them so that they’ll not only change the bad behavior but do so with the understanding of what is right and what is wrong.
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Escaping fake news by running to media literacy
Dylan Frazier
In the last of four events that helped promote media literacy and education on how to spot real news, which was led by 2019-2020 Wilkin Chair recipient and Communication Department Chair, Diana Montague, the fight against fake news wrapped up with an escape from fake news. The event consisted of an escape-room type of game, where all who attend will have to have a keen eye to spot out fake news and look for clues to point out they are fake pieces of info. Although the term fake news gets throw around quite frequently, Montague wants people to know that there is no such thing as ‘fake news’.
“It [fake news] is an oxymoron. If it’s fake, it isn’t news. So, I like to use the terms ‘misinformation’ and ‘disinformation’,” said Montague.
While the two terms may sound very similar, according to Montague, they are very different.
“So, your inaccuracies and misinformation, are [when] people may not get the right message and it may be incomplete,” said Montague. “Disinformation is when this information is delivered to deliberately deceive.”
The internet can be a great tool for promoting media literacy and it can help inform people. But at the same time, it can also be used as a tool to spread fake stories and lies to mass audiences. Montague agrees.
“Certainly, it’s given research tools to find the information they weren’t able to before, so that’s a positive. On the other hand, it’s also allowed people to be mischievous and create falsehoods and distribute them as truth,” said Montague. “With the internet, you can send them around the world instantaneously.”
With the implementation of Twitter and other social media platforms being used as a news tool, more and more people try to get the story out faster rather than correctly. One recent example was the tragic passing of Kobe Bryant and his daughter, Gianna, along with 7 others. ABC News chief national correspondent, Matt Gutman, reported that all of his children had passed alongside him. As a result of reporting this, Gutman was suspended from ABC News. This is a struggle in the industry that goes back for years.
“In the history of journalism, everybody wants to be first and initially in legitimate journalism, you had enough newspapers that were competing with each other, literally. With the newsies out there hawking the papers. So, if someone had newer news, they’d want that copy,” said Montague. “In that competition, people aren’t realizing that not double-checking your information can have devastating effects. You gotta check your sources.”
With this event wrapping up her time as Wilkin Chair, Montague is hopeful that everyone had a fun time while also learning to check and double-check your news sources.
“I am hoping that in a fun, competitive environment, that they will check facts they find in the news, they will learn how to distinguish the difference between opinion and fact because one of our challenges today is that opinions get spewed out there as if they are fact.,” said Montague. “They will learn how to use reference imaging tools online and the other thing they will learn is how to evaluate social media claims.”
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August 25, 2021 - Comments Off on Types of Essay Writing
Types of Essay Writing
A composition is, basically, an essay that presents the writer's argument, but on occasion the extent is very vague, encompassing all manner of other writing, like a personal story, a newspaper article, an essay, a book, pamphlet, and even a short story. Essays have historically been categorized either as academic and/or formal. Academic essays are designed to introduce new research and scholarly work in a way that's well established as being worth studying. They are generally written about a current or historical topic and may be written about a variety of different places. Even though they do not necessarily consist of wordiness, they could often still suffer with poor grammar, incorrect grammar, and wrong spellings.
Formal expository essays are composed for a variety of different purposes. A few examples of this could be an essay required for a thesis requirement, faculty evaluation, professional journalization, or even a dissertation. In this kind of essay, the focus is determined by the construction of this essay itself as well as the various components that compose the entire composition. These kinds of essay are inclined to be longer than a personal story and more structured than the above-mentioned illustrations.
The next major category of essay is your descriptive essay. A descriptive article is one that focuses on the telling of anecdotes, descriptions, or other similar way of conveying information that the essayist has gathered through personal experience or observation. Essays in this category tend to be lengthy, quite descriptive, and best suited to use in academic scholarship and research. Nearly all descriptive essays are written for a specific person or for a specific research topic. For example, if you're writing a paper concerning the history of American film, you'd probably write a descriptive article about film footage from a specific movie.
Finally, the fourth big category is that the expository essay. Expository essays are composed with the goal of conveying ideas and information on an academic subject. In cases like this, the focus is on encouraging or elaborating about the writer's arguments in order to encourage or further their point of view. This type of essay tends to be very writing essay lengthy and much more formal than personal narrative files or descriptive essays.
There are a few resources available online that can offer essay illustrations in each one of these categories. Nonetheless, in the interest of conserving time and energy, it's often easiest to simply turn into essay examples found in books or scholarly journals. Additionally, there are many essay illustrations found within books and thesis documents which have been peer reviewed and edited for content and style. Many universities offer resource centers, which contain a vast choice of sample essays and research papers. Along with the library, many colleges and universities provide tuition assistance programs that allow students to have a sample essay and use it as a guide for crafting their own essay.
Since it has been shown, there are several different types of essay writing. Students should select the type of essay that best fits their requirements. Pupils who need strong arguments and are particularly good at creating persuasive argument should look at using argumentative essays. Students who don't have as much time or desire to write broad discussions may benefit from using descriptive essays. Finally, students who prefer to develop their own remarks or have strong opinions but need a supportive environment throughout their research may decide on a persuasive article.
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Homework and Reading Records - A guide for parents and carers Mapplewell Primary school
Starting with a Thank you!
We would like to start with a massive thank you to all parents and carers for our pupils during these challenging times! Despite the unfamiliarity and difficulties faced during this pandemic it has been absolutely fantastic to see how everyone has engaged with our home learning through seesaw. Your passion and enthusiasm for learning at home has been truly inspiring and made us reflect on how we can move forward together as a community to ensure all pupils have access to digital home learning when children are back to school.
Home Work
Home Work Overview
At Mapplewell, we believe home work should be done to inspire pupils to want to learn more, stretch those pupils who want to deepen their understanding and support pupils who want improve on what they have been learning in class.
We have moved forward with the times and will offer dynamic learning opportunities that can be responded to in a variety of ways. We want pupils to have a thirst for furthering their knowledge at home and more importantly want to share that with their teacher and their peers, which is where we believe this new approach will truly thrive. We want pupils, families can carers to be excited to share their homework rather than force pupils to complete tasks that they do not value.
We have decided to use seesaw for home work based on the success and feedback from teachers, parents and pupils during the time of home learning. Below are examples of what home work will look in September.
Here is an example of what home work tasks will look like. Class teachers will set tasks tailored to their own class to incorporate what they have learned about in school so that it can be consolidated at home. It also allows class teachers to stretch pupils and further their learning at home.
Clicking the 'Add Response' button shows you the different ways that children can interact with what the class teacher has set. As you can see pupils can respond in a variety of ways. Rather than just writing out in their homework books they can record a video of themselves, upload photos and much more. This will help to motivate pupils in their home learning and encourage them to use imaginative ways to further their learning at home.
This is what home work tasks will look like for the class teacher when the task is first set. Every pupil has a blank above their name showing that they have not responded.
Here is an example that has been responded to. As you can see children who have not completed their homework still remain as a blank. The class teacher will receive a notification when a child has submitted their homework online and this overview page allows them to see what they have submitted. As you can see for this task some children have chosen to write their answers on paper and upload a photo, others have responded directly on an electronic device. Using seesaw gives pupils and parents flexibility to choose what suits them best.
Reading Records
At Mapplewell we believe that reading for pleasure can be a huge step to unlocking a pupils potential. We want to encourage pupils to discover a wide range of texts and fall in love with reading and share their passion. We believe that using reading records is still the best ways for families and pupils to do this, however similarly to home work we believe that using seesaw can help pupils share their reading journey but offer them a variety of ways to do so.
Reading records can still be used in the traditional way. However opening up sharing reading on seesaw can help overcome some issues we know parents, teachers and pupils have had using them.
Here is an example of how reading records will be used digitally. Families have the flexibility to respond by writing in the reading record as normal but then can use all the fantastic features through seesaw such as recording a video or recording their own voice.
An example of a hand written reading record uploaded to seesaw simply using 1 photograph.
An example of the template that pupils can type directly on to their electronic device meaning that they don not have to rely on a written reading record but allows them to show their teacher what they have been reading and when.
At Mapplewell we have a paid subscription to Spelling Shed giving pupils their own log on details so they can improve their spellings on any electronic device.
This is an example of what will be sent home. Keep this somewhere safe at home! Pupils can enter their log in details or just use the QR code to log straight in.
Pupils can select words from different stages. The stage should match up the year group that they are in, but pupils can choose to spell words from earlier stages to build their confidence and review words that they are still struggling with.
Pupils can decide for themselves their own difficulty level ensuring that their spelling homework is never too difficult for them.
If pupils select the easiest setting they will be shown the correct spelling and a definition
They will then be given the correct letters jumbled up that they have to spell out in the correct order.
As the difficulty increases more and more letters are added. On the extreme level the pupils will get no visual prompts and will only hear the word being read and will then have to spell the word out from a full keyboard of letters.
Here is an example of a pupil who has played the game and spelled some words correctly and some incorrectly. Teachers, parents and carers can see how words have been misspelled so they can help address the issue and give extra practice to those words.
Teachers can see how regularly pupils are using spelling shed and how accurate they are being with their spellings.
To encourage parents and carers to support learning times tables at home we have a paid subscription for Times Tables Rockstars. Pupils will access the software in school, but they will also be given log ins so that they can practice at home. For further information on Times Times and how we use TTRockstars please see the Times Tables spark: https://spark.adobe.com/page/xFEHSuJXpbzQI/
Will my child get into trouble for not doing homework?
No, children will not be in trouble if they have not completed a task. Of course we would like to encourage families to engage in extending their learning and reading at home, but it is the families ultimate decision. We want to offer a wide and varied set of opportunities, not set a monotonous set of weekly tasks.
Do I only have one week to complete homework or reading record entry?
No - the tasks will remain on seesaw throughout the term. This allows flexibility for families to go back and complete sections when they have the time.
Does the homework have to follow the exact tasks set on seesaw?
No - we want pupils to follow their interests and use their creativity. If reading a book has inspired them to create a piece of artwork then seesaw allows them to share that with their teacher and their peers.
I don't have access to digital resources, can I still do homework?
Yes! Reading records can still be brought in to school and shared with class teachers. Homework books and work done on paper can still be shared in class and every class has an area to display brilliant work from home.
What are the benefits of using digital resources?
• If reading records or homework books are lost or left at school, home work and reading can still be uploaded to seesaw and completed digitally or on paper and a photo can be uploaded.
• Tasks are accessible at any time. If a task is too difficult or your child does not have the time to complete it they can always return to it later - it won't disappear.
• Class teachers can 'like' uploads to show that have seen it and add comments if they believe it will help further their learning or to praise the pupil's hard work.
• Class teachers can upload activities that are linked to current learning to further pupils knowledge and deepen their understanding.
• It will keep a digital record of all you child's home learning. Rather than keeping it in a book which can easily become lost or damaged there will be a digital log of what they have achieved at home.
Created with images by Tim Mossholder - "Love to Learn" • Anton Sukhinov - "Color pencils on bright background" • David Pennington - "The world’s best pencils. Apparently. In a world inundated with the freshest technology, no one has ever found a reason to improve upon a pencil." • Ajda Berzin - "Infinite stories" • Aaron Burden - "Writing with a fountain pen"
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EducationFrom topics like Behavioral Psychology to conventional learning, these websites provide barrage of free studying options to college students at numerous ranges. Organized, structured and systemic studying process end with acknowledged certificates which ends up in entry an inexpensive job. Digital advertising is an enormous umbrella beneath which comes SEARCH ENGINE ADVERTISING, social media marketing, e-mail advertising , content promoting and marketing and so forth.
Inclusive, scholar-centered classrooms enhance overall learner success and enhance studying outcomes. The Certificates of Achievement in Media Know-how is a compact assortment of applications in media manufacturing expertise that permits individuals to work effectively within the inventive elements of digital media.
CodeHS — CodeSchool presents software coding lessons (by subscription) for individuals who want to study at home, or for students studying in a high school trainer-led class. Many politicians have embraced faculty choice in numerous types, prompting the Center for Public Education to ask if the rhetoric of school alternative lives up the claims of its supporters.
It additionally tends to distract their learning focus because they are going to use their gadget for leisure function while in the classroom. Some unprofessional and non-normal education system could cause the wastage of time and money of the scholars which leads to the disappointment from formal education and argue them to go for non-formal education.
With the uptake of distance learning (DL), which has actually been marginal for many teachers, instructing contexts, conventional energy buildings and relationships have been reworked, leaving lecturers probably disenfranchised. The NOAA Education Portal is your one-stop shop to connect with studying and instructing resources in regards to the ocean and ambiance.
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• Advanced Watertek
How AI And IoT Can Improve Water Management
Updated: May 24
The situation with water now Water has become one of the major problems across countries and societies. Due to rapid industrialization and population explosion, worldwide demand for water has been steadily increasing. Research by the United Nations has shown that the demand is predicted to overcome supply by a margin of 50% within the next 5 years specifically in places like Sudan, Venezuela, Ethiopia, Tunisia & Cuba. Scientists and governments all over the world are looking for more robust ways to effectively manage water. Realistically, all aspects of water management such as collection, storage and distribution need a technological makeover. Artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) will, eventually, reshape the way we manage water. What is AI and the Internet of Things? Oxford Dictionary defines it as ‘the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.’ In simple terms, it creates the ability for ANY object or thing to become connected to the Internet. This could be a chair, a pump or a light switch. The ability to connect these objects to the internet come in the form of sensors which allow you to track the data and usage at the touch of a button. AI (Artificial Intelligence) is defined as ‘the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence’. Essentially, it enables machines to perform tasks normally reserved for humans, allowing us to perform tasks quicker and more efficiently. Artificial Intelligence systems will interpret the data gathered from objects within the IoT and utilise it to perform tasks, all without human intervention. So how can both AI and IoT benefit us? Smart monitoring of waterways AI makes it possible to visualize the real-time data of waterways for future projection and risk management. AI systems could be even programmed to send out a warning to the smart devices when the water level goes above a specific level of a certain chemical or certain biological element. The implementation of AI could, in theory, incorporate machine learning algorithms to make decisions on whether you should shut off a certain water station to prevent water contamination, increase in water level or distribution of water to other water stations. Better infrastructure development By implementing AI, water management authorities can create strategic and dynamic operations. Cities can better plan and execute projects, run water distribution networks more efficiently and ensure minimum running costs, all while meeting increasing consumer demands. AI-powered resource planning can analyse growth projections and future trends in the availability of freshwater while assessing current infrastructure to increase efficiency and reduce expense. Reliable water re-use system AI is poised to radically change the way water management systems in the world operate and manage water. Its ability to analyse and handle large amounts of data allows Artificial intelligence to be a viable technology for water asset management. It has the potential to bring significant improvement in terms of cutting wastage of water, increasing the efficiency of treatment plants and keeping overall water infrastructure healthy. Moreover, AI is highly scalable and economically feasible. All you have to do is change what you’re adding up. Intelligent water treatment The decision-making abilities of AI can be used to automate and optimize water treatment plants. Using water monitoring tools and a data registry of the water source, AI can forecast water shortage at a particular point in time or predict a high demand in the water supply. The system also helps to visualize real-time water loss and misuse of resources such as leaks or damaged pumps. Proven implementations of AI & IoT in Water Management Some countries have already proven that, with AI & IoT technology, growth is possible through better economic planning & water management. For instance in Australia, the water consumption declined by around 50% between 2002 – 2009 while the total economy grew by more than 40%. Many Australian water utility plants are using artificial intelligence (AI) to cut down electricity costs in their water treatment plants. Here, the custom-made AI-driven solution coordinates the pump movements with the level of water available for treatment purpose without any human intervention. Forecasts had shown that drinking water availability would increase by up to 25 million people over the next 2 years through the installation of over 1,20,000 more water taps. While the concepts of AI and IoT are quite relatively new, the possible future benefits of utilising AI and IoT in water management will change how we consume water. It’ll allow us to plan better, understand our water better and know when to react when a possible health crisis is approaching.
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Grade 5 ELA Module 4, Unit 2, Lesson 8 | EngageNY
Grade 5 ELA Module 4, Unit 2, Lesson 8
Buddy Readers
Reading about the Author’s Perspective: Why Do Authors Write about Natural Disasters?
Downloadable Resources
Common Core Learning Standards
CCLS State Standard
RL.5.7 Analyze how visual and multimedia elements contribute to the meaning, tone, or beauty of a text (e....
L.5.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
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Cultivated Carrot - Carrots
Carrots - Credits: Anaterate
Carrot - Botanical Iinformations of the Cultivated Carrot
Let’s look each other in eyes and let’s serius talk about cultivated carrot.
At least.
Which are the (tap)roots of Cultivated Carrot? What is the carrot as plant? Why Bugs Banny is eating as maniac carrots? How looks like the leaves and carrot flowers? And finally, why did never Popeye eat carrots?
At least.
In these essential questions, but also in others that will be put in the immediate and predictable future, the following article will try. Will try to give sober, meaningful and thorough answers.
At least.
Popeye, what to say now, was simple a carrotophobic.
A. Botanical Description
Carrot, botanical description
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot leaves
Carrot plants in early stages of growth
Cultivated carrot - The plant
The cultivated carrot is a cool-season biennial vegetable, but practically cultivated as annual for its edible fleshy root. In the first year, the leaves grows and reaches the height of 50 cm and the second shows the flower stem, with its final height being 1,20 – 1,50 m.
However, sometimes the stem is formed from the first year. This occurs when its fleshy root has a diameter of more than 1/2 cm, has developed at least 8 leaves prematurely and has been exposed for about 2 months at low winter temperatures.
Carrot exposure at low temperatures is called vernalization. The phenomenon of vernalization is of decisive importance for the flower induction of the plant and consequently for the seed production.
Vernalization is directly related to the cultivation zone: in temperate regions it requires exposure at low temperatures from 0 to 10 oC for a period of about two months, while in the tropical and subtropical regions the temperature upper limit is 15 oC and the time period is shorter.
Modern varieties of cultivated carrot needs about 60 to 130 days to reach full maturity.
Carrot, botanical description
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot roots
Conical shaped carrot roots
The root of the carrot
There are at least two zones in the taproot. The central one belongs to the inner core (xylem) and the outer to the pulpy cortex (phloem). The proportional relationship between xylem and phloem is of great importance: indeed, the taproots in which the phloem participates in a higher proportion, characterize the superior quality carrots. The shape of the cultivated carrot root may be nearly-spherical, cylindrical or conical. The size also varies, since its length may vary between 5 and 50 cm and the diameter is from 2 to 5 cm.
Carrot, botanical description
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot leaves
Carrot leaves
The leaves
The carrot leaves grows one per node along the stem and they are long, composite, very finely divided, oblong and bimorphic. The lower ones are considerably larger than the upper, elongated, deeper lobed and toothed or smooth, while the upper leaves are smaller and less segregated. The shape of the leaves of the first year is characteristic rosette, while the second year grow alternately on the flowering stem. Color in cultivated carrot leaves various from grey-green to deep green.
Carrot, botanical description
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot, flowering stem
Flowering carrot stem
Carrots flowering stem
The elongated flower stalk appears from the center of the top taproot meristom – after the plant has been vernalized.
The stem branched into many short sections, at the edges of which are formed the inflorescences. The inflorescences in carrots are compound umbel and each umbel comprises of at least 50 umbellates.
Depending on their position on the flower stem, they are distinguished by primaries umbels and upper followers (second order umbels, third order umbels, e.t.c).
The number of secondary umbels varies from about 8 to 10 for each carrot plant.
Carrot, botanical description
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot, inflorescence
Carrot blossoms
The carrot flowers, white, yellowish or pinkish, are carried around 50 on each umbellate.
They are mostly pentameric and hermaphrodites, with 5 stamens and a two-sided ovary with 2 poles. However, single male flowers, as well as females, can also coexist as well as totally sterile flowers with atrophic reproductive organs – they are in the center of umbel with characteristic dark violet color.
It is worth noting that the male flowers, in numerous varieties, reach 50% of the total flowers of the 4th or 5th order inflorescences.
Carrot, botanical description
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot flower
The bloom of the carrot
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot, pollination
Floral nectaries attract pollinating insects
Flowering & pollination
The main inflorescences bloom first and gradually follow the other lowest order ones. The interval from each other umbels is about 8 – 12 days and the period of flowering can last more than a month.
The central flowers pollen of an umbellate is often more large and fertile.
In most cases, the split stamens release their pollen before the stigma of the flower is receptive, that is to say, in each flower, precedes the maturation of the male part and then follows the female.
The pollen of the flower anthers is released in the first two days while the stigma is receptive from the third day.
In the early morning hours, the largest percentage of flower apertures is observed.
The inflorescences, when ripened, take a spherical shape as the endless umbel bend inward, acquiring a shape resembling bird nests.
The pollination of the flowers is carried out with the help of the insects and due to protandry phenomenon cross-pollination promoted.
Carrot, botanical description
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot seeds
Carrot seeds
The fruits and seeds of carrots
The fruits are oval schizocarpia consisting of two mericarps; each mericarp is a true seed. Before planting the mericarps removal because contains an oil which inhibits seed germination.
The produced seeds are brown when ripevery, small in size, on average between 1 and mm and number about 10,500 per gram. For carrot seeds crops, harvest starts when the earliest maturing seed on the primary umbel is mature and starting to drop.
Seeds, when stored in an environment with a temperature of less than 18 °C and a humidity of less than 9%, retain their germination at a rate of 70-80 % for 5 – 7 years.
B. Botanical Classification
Carrot, botanical
Cultivated Carrot - Carrot botanical classification
Carrot plants
Family, genus, species of cultivated carrot
The cultivated carrot is a member of the Apiaceae family (Umbeliferae), members of which are also some widely cultivated plants such as parsley, parsnip, dill, caraway, fennel, celery, as well as the not so widely cultivated cumin and coriander but also includes some highly toxic plants, such as hemlock.
Because the inflorescence – the arrangement of flowers on a stem – compound umbel, former (but also allowed by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) name of the family was Umbelliferae. The umbels comprises many small radially symmetrical flowers with five petals, sepals and stamens.
The genus Daucus carries a duplicate number of chromosomes (2n = 18) and includes about 20 species. The cultivated carrot is one of the subspecies of the carota species and botanically called Daucus carota (L.) subsp. sativus (Hoffm.).
Based on the morphology of leaves and root, the botanical varieties of carrot are divided into two large groups: Eastern carrot and Western carrot.
Carrot, botanical
Cultivated Carrot - Carrots of Eastern/Asiatic group
Violet carrots of Eastern Group
Eastern (Asiatic) group
The Eastern group includes carrot plants whose roots are branched, their leaves have no deep lobes, and blooming occurs in the first year.
In this group, the root color varies and may be yellow or a combination of red, black, violet, and yellow.
Despite the presence of yellow carrot populations, often they are also called anthocyanin carrots because of the presence of this dye in violet and purple colored carrots.
The majority of Eastern species are found in Afghanistan, India, Russia and Iran. Although they are still cultivated to a certain extent in Asia, they are progressively replaced by the carrots of the Western group.
Carrot, botanical
Cultivated Carrot - Western carrot
Orange carrots the West Group
West group
The West group includes carrot plants whose roots do not branched out, their leaves have deeper lobes and blooming takes place in the second year. In this group, the root color is yellow, orange, red, violet and white.
It is generally accepted that western carrots are likely to originate from the east as a result of the selection of wild Mediterranean subspecies, yellow and white, with the latter two owing to the natural mutations of violet and purple carrots.
In any case, what seems certain is that modern carrots originate from their common ancestor developed by Dutch growers in the 16th to the 17th century.
Since then the carrots have found their way orange.
Whether they met with the Dutch music ensemble ‘Golden Earring’ we do not know it. What we know is that the Dutch music ensemble will close the evening of reading the narrative “Carrot – Botanical informations of the cultivated carrots”, with a song.
‘Radar love’ and plenty of carrot juice.
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Pandemics and Social Cohesion: 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic and the Reduction in US Suicide Rates
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2021;23(3):20com02882
To cite: Bastiampillai T, Allison S, Brailey J, et al. Pandemics and social cohesion: 1918–1920 influenza pandemic and the reduction in US suicide rates. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2021;23(3):20com02882.
To share:
© Copyright 2021 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
aDepartment of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
bCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
cDepartment of Psychiatry, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
eAcademic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
*Corresponding author: Tarun Bastiampillai, MBBS, FRANZCP, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton 3800, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may increase US suicide rates due to the combined impact of high COVID-19–related mortality, acute recession, income shock, bankruptcy, decline in asset values, loss of savings, rising unemployment, job stress and insecurity, social isolation, barriers to accessing treatment, increased population distress and anxiety, and increased alcohol misuse.1,2 There is some suggestion that previous epidemics may have increased suicide rates in Hong Kong (severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic) and in the United States (influenza pandemic: 1918–1920).3,4
However, increased social cohesion through shared experience in disasters (ie, a “pulling-together effect”) may mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on suicide rates.2 Durkheim5 hypothesized that greater social integration protects against suicide, and these protective effects may become evident during the community-wide responses to COVID-19. Findings from the last influenza pandemic between 1918 and 1920 suggest that Durkheim’s hypothesis could be correct for pandemics: US suicide rates fell during this influenza pandemic, only increasing during a subsequent economic downturn.
The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic killed 1%–2.7% of the world’s population, reducing US life expectancy by 13%, with 0.51% of the US population dying due to the Spanish flu.6,7 Analysis of the health and economic effects of the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic and impact on US suicide rates may help predict these corresponding effects of COVID-19.
US age-standardized suicide rates (Figure 1) during the pandemic (1918–1920) averaged 14.7 per 100,000, which were 24% lower than suicide rates between 1909 and 1917 (19.3 per 100,000).8,9 Male and female suicide rates declined by 26% and 12%, respectively, during this period.8,9 Following the pandemic (1921–1929), suicide rates increased by 12%, with male suicide rates increasing by 16% and female suicide rates declining slightly by 3%.8,9 Our results differ from those of Wasserman,3 which suggested an increase in US suicide rates during the first influenza wave (1918) followed by a decrease in suicide rates during the second influenza wave (1919–1920). However our data obtained from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed a reduction of US suicide rates throughout each year of the pandemic compared to the baseline period.8,9
Durkheim’s5 hypothesis about the protective effects of social integration was specifically related to times of war when suicide rates decline due to increasing levels of social integration. The combined effects of the 2 major US crises of 1918 related to World War 1 and the Spanish flu outbreak were collective adversities, which may have increased social cohesion and contributed to a reduction in US suicide rates.
However, there is a well-established link between rising unemployment rates and higher suicide rates, especially among males.1 In contrast to COVID-19, the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic was associated with lower unemployment rates and an improved economy. The reduced suicide rate during the pandemic coincided with reduced unemployment levels, which averaged 2.6% compared to the unemployment level of 6% between 1909 and 1917 (see Figure 1) and an increase in gross domestic product per capita (Table 1) by 7% to $8,604 (in 1918–1920 compared with 1917).10,11 Temporally distant and compared with the 1918–1920 pandemic, US suicide rates increased by 11% during the 1921 recession (unemployment rate reached 11.9%).8–10
Our analysis of the health and economic effects of the Spanish flu pandemic and the ensuing 1921 recession indicates that US suicide rates are more likely to be influenced by significant economic recession and higher unemployment due to economic effects of COVID-19 public health measures (eg, social distancing) rather than the direct health and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a COVID-19–induced economic recession may increase US suicide rates.
In contrast to the United States, in Taiwan, there was a small and short-lived, statistically significant increase in suicide rates during a second wave of infection of the influenza pandemic between 1918 and 1920.12 With the current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the United States,13 it is possible that similar later effects may emerge. US suicide rates may increase during further waves of COVID-19, as observed in the Taiwanese influenza (1918–1920) second wave, possibly influenced by increased fearfulness primed by the first wave, as well as social isolation, unemployment, and economic effects.12
Early suicide research during the current COVID-19 pandemic from high-income countries shows either no rise in suicide rates (Massachussets, United States; Victoria and Queensland, Australia; England) or a decline in suicide rates (Japan, Norway).14,15 Whether the negative economic effects of COVID-19, or effects of further waves of infection, will surpass any potential beneficial effects of increased social cohesion during the immediate crisis remains unknown. Accordingly, US public health authorities should undertake contemporaneous population mental health monitoring, including suicide rates, enabling timely evidence-based policy responses appropriately targeted to high-risk populations and regions during the current pandemic.
Received: November 27, 2020.
Published online: April 29, 2021.
Potential conflicts of interest: None.
Funding/support: None.
Volume: 23
Quick Links: COVID-19 , Suicide
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Interrupt-driven data transfer in 8085
We use this method when there is a lack of accurate knowledge of the timing characteristics of the Input Output device which takes maximum time for the device to be ready for use. Suppose we resort for the checking of data transfer; the processor here wastes a huge time in the loop for the device to get ready up to the mark. For avoiding this problem, we use the interrupt-driven data transfer process. Here the processor goes ahead with its desired work, and as soon as the device is ready for data transfer process, the corresponding Input Output port sends a signal for interrupt request to the processor. The arrival of the interrupt request be the half way throughout the execution of the instruction. After that the entire set of instruction is completed.
This is a very complex method. But the advantage is that the processor employed here does not wastes its time for the loop checking as well as the device to get ready for use. An example to be cited as if 8085 is allowed for reading from the keyboard, the one way is just to continuously scan the keyboard by looking at the key which is pressed. This method is called the status check method. It happens as such in one second when the key is already pressed. For this amount of time 8085 is in a loop for this amount of time waiting for the depression of the key. In this span of time, the 8085 should have executed about 500,000 instructions, assuming an average time of execution of 2 μs for each instruction! In the interrupt-driven data transfer scheme, the 8085 executes about 500,000 useful instructions, by the time at which a key is pressed at the keyboard by the user. This results sending of an interrupt signal to the 8085 by the Input Output port.
Published on 12-Mar-2019 12:33:01
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Why Do More Men Get Cancer Than Women? X Chromosome May Hold A Key
(Courtesy of the National Institutes of Health)
(Courtesy of the National Institutes of Health)
This article is more than 4 years old.
More men get cancer than women do, and more boys than girls. With certain cancer types, a lot more. The American Cancer Society says about half of men get cancer at some point, compared to closer to one-third of women. Why?
It's long been a puzzle, but some Boston-based research just out in the journal Nature Genetics finds a possible key in the X chromosome. (Grade school biology reminder: Females have two Xs, males have an X and a Y.)
I spoke with Dr. Andrew Lane of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, co-senior author of the paper. Our conversation, lightly edited:
How would you sum up what you found?
We were interested in what is a longstanding observation, that men get cancer more than women, and this is across just about all cancer types. There are very few cancers that are not 'male-biased,' meaning that in a given cancer type — say, colon cancer — more men than women get that per year. And some of them are very biased, like two or three times higher in males.
It’s been blamed on environmental exposures for a long time — men smoke cigarettes more than women, and men work in factories more, so they’re exposed to more dangerous chemicals. But that was probably not the entire story. For example, pediatric leukemias and brain tumors, the common cancers that happen in kids, are also male-biased to some extent.
So this was the mystery...
Exactly. So we used cancer genetics to ask about differences between male and female cancers. We dug into sequencing data that had been generated over the last 10 years as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas, a project funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute. And we simply asked if there are genes that are more likely to be mutated in male vs. female cancers.
We were specifically interested in tumor suppressor genes. These are genes that normally are in all of our cells, and they protect the cells, if you will, from cancer. In cancers, those tumor suppressor genes are often mutated or deleted in a way that they’re no longer functional.
When we looked across the whole genome, in which there are about 20,000 genes, the only genes that were mutated more frequently in male cancers than female cancers were on the X chromosome. So of all these genes, everything we found that had a male bias was on the X chromosome. And that was already interesting.
As you know, males have an X and a Y chromosome, and females have two Xs, and that’s what makes us male and female. What is fascinating is that evolutionarily, one copy of the X chromosome gets shut down in all cells. That’s thought to be to balance out the gene expression, because males only have one X and females have two.
So because of that, you would have assumed that if there’s a tumor suppressor gene on the X chromosome, it would be equally likely to be mutated in a male or a female, because they each essentially have one that’s active. The other one is supposed to be shut down.
So that didn’t make a lot of sense. But it turns out that for somewhat unclear reasons, about 50 or so genes of the 800 on the X chromosome escape this process called 'X inactivation' — they escape X inactivation routinely, in all cells in the body. There’s a complicated biology behind why this is the case. but about those 50 do, so that means female cells actually have two copies of those genes whereas males have only one. And believe it or not, all the genes we found that were mutated more often in male cancers were those genes, those escaped genes.
To put it another way, females are protected from cancer to some relative extent because they have two copies of these genes whereas males only have one. So if they’re going to get a cancer that those genes are involved in, they have to mutate them twice, whereas males only have to have one mutation.
We could back-calculate what percentage of the male bias in a particular cancer type was related to these genes, and it was variable but in some it was up to 80 percent of the excess male cases were related to mutations in these particular genes.
So that could explain most of the cancer gap?
I think it’s a significant proportion, but it’s not most and it’s not all. There are lots of things that are differences between males and females that we’ve recognized for a long time, like hormones: the difference in the levels of estrogen and testosterone. They probably have something to do with it. There are probably multiple other factors.
One implication is that if you have a given cancer type in two patients sitting in front of you in the clinic, a male and a female, they’re actually different not just in the fact that they’re a male and a female, but in that the genetics that are driving their cancer might be different.
How might this affect treatment eventually?
The first step is that it means that we need to make sure we are including enough males and enough females in cancer research — clinical trials or other lab-based studies — to understand the differences. It’s relevant even down to experiments in animals in the laboratory.
We also did some research about how many cancer cases you would need to identify these genetic differences fully. We basically said we’re only scratching the surface, because in some of the cancers that we studied we just didn’t have enough cases in total to tease out these differences between male and female cells. So it means that we need to study a lot more cancer cases just to even figure out the differences in the first place.
And treatments tailored to male or female patients?
We’re really having an explosion of so-called precision cancer therapy, where we sequence the DNA in a tumor, figure out which particular genes are altered, and there are many therapies in development that target those specific genes.
So if it turns out that males and females are much more likely to have one pathway or another mutated in their cancers, it could mean that some of these precision-type therapies are more likely to benefit a male or a female.
Carey Goldberg Twitter Editor, CommonHealth
Carey Goldberg is the editor of WBUR's CommonHealth section.
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Saturday, December 16, 2017
Happy Birthday, Ludwig von Beethoven!
Ludwig von Beethoven
Beethoven remains the single most influential figure in the history of Western music, having composed some of classical music's most lasting and popular pieces, including nine symphonies (in particular the Eroica, the 5th, 7th and 9th (with it's famous Ode to Joy), the opera Fidelio, Missa Solemnis, many of the greatest string quartets ever written (including the classic String Quartet No.14), five piano concertos (capped by the popular Piano Concerto No.5), Piano Sonata No.30, the Coriolan Overture, Violin Concerto in D, the Kreutzer Sonata and many more!
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on December 16, 1770. His father was a court musician who had hopes of making money by exploiting his son as a child prodigy. At the time, Vienna was the place where any German or Austrian musician had to go to acquire a reputation, and it's where Beethoven landed, just a year after Mozart's death.
Beethoven had previously visited Mozart in Vienna and had hoped to study composition with him, but ended up studying with Haydn. Beethoven's music has become a testament to the human spirit in the face of cruel misfortune.
His 32 piano sonatas, which he wrote in bursts throughout his career, experiment with form in all directions, using the full expressive range of an instrument that was itself changing rapidly, growing louder and with an ever greater range of notes.
Benjamin Appl sings "An der ferne Geliebte":
His songs have not gained the popularity that his other works attained, possibly because his emotions came out in the piano parts rather than the vocal lines. Nonetheless he left us the glorious An die ferne Geliebte song cycle, the six Gellert settings, folksong arrangements and, perhaps his greatest song, Adelaide.
Adelaide was composed in 1794 or 1795 and was the composer's favorite song, which he played in an 1815 concert in celebration of the Empress of Russia's birthday.
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau sings Adelaide:
Adelaide is structured like a sonata in miniature, with a middle passage that goes through several keys. The first verse of the setting, for example, in which the poet describes wandering in a garden during a spring night, is tranquil; in the second, when he describes seeing the face of his beloved in the grandeur of nature, the music is far more stately; in the third, the piano vividly depicts both rushing waves and the song of the nightingales. Throughout, however, the overall tone, one of ecstatic contemplation, is the same. One of the song's most important unifying elements is the tender repetition of the name "Adelaide."
The quartet from Fidelio:
Fidelio, Beethoven's only opera, dates from the heady days of revolutionary idealism, but its cry for freedom has echoed through the centuries. The opera premiered at the Theater an der Wien in November 1805, only days after Napoleon and his army had occupied Vienna. Fidelio seemed to have all the ingredients for success, but the initial performances were a disaster, attended by sparse crowds, which included the composer’s friends and a handful of stray French soldiers. It is best remembered for the Prisoners' Chorus ("O welche Lust" - "O what a joy"), an ode to freedom sung by a chorus of political prisoners, a glorious vocal quartet, Fidelio's magnificent aria "Abscheulicher! Wo eilst du hin?" and Florestan's aria "Gott! Welch Dunkel hier!," which he sings from deep inside a dark dungeon.
Walter Berry sings Ha! Welch ein augenblick:
Fortunately, Beethoven also left us the sinister aria "Ha! Welch ein augenblick," sung by the evil bass-baritone Don Pizarro, who orders that Florestan be killed.
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Praat scripting tutorial
Dealing with file names programmatically
I personally found paths to be a big pain in the kiester when I first started programming and programming for Praat. Maybe you've had the experience of trying to get a script to open or write a file, and been driven mad with a "File not found" error. I'm under the impression that with more recent upgrades of Praat some of this has been made easier. This chapter's goal is bring you up to speed on how files are named programmatically, allowing you easily open and save files from your scripts, and understand any errors when you've made a mistake.
So, what is a path? A path is essentially a location on your file system, aka the name of a file or folder. Let's pretend we have a folder on our Desktop called "myVideos", that contains a movie file called "Graduation.mp4". We're used to interacting with that file through something like Mac's Finder or Windows' File Explorer, where we click our way to the file, navigating through folders as if they were "places". This is definitely a user-friendly way of doing things in a point and click environment.
These nice user interfaces somewhat obscure the fact that this file's full name (full path) is something like this (I'm saving the path name to a string variable, vidFile$):
vidFile$ = "/home/daniel/Desktop/myVideos/Graduation.mp4"
vidFile$ = "/Users/daniel/Desktop/myVideos/Graduation.mp4"
vidFile$ = "C:\Users\daniel\Desktop\myVideos\Graduation.mp4"
In Praat scripts, when you are going to read (open) or write (save) a file, you use paths and write them in the format above, you are not going to emulate point and click behavior.
Look at the sample path again. Each slash (forward slash in Mac and Linux, backslash in Windows) represents a "directory". "Directory" is the older name for "folder" that is commonly used by programmers. The house icon on your point and click file browser represents your "home directory", and is a graphic representation of something like /Users/<yourusername>, or C:\Users\<yourusername>. This is where all files that belong to you (your computer user) live. Note that files that are above this folder (like those is C:\ or / ("root")) typically belong to the system, and you are not supposed to mess with those files unless you know what you're doing.
You can pretty easily get the path of a folder or file by looking at its Info/Properties. In Mac's finder, select the item, and from one of the dropdown menu above select "Get info", or hit ⌘ + i. In Windows, you can right click it, and select "Properties". There should be a field showing you the path of the item.
Make your paths more "future-proof": Relative paths
Up until now, we've been talking about "absolute paths". That is, we've given a file's full name. This has a big downside, though: My computer username is not the same as yours, and if I own two computers, the username might not be the same on both machines. If I'm ever planning on sharing my script, I have just guaranteed an error: If I try to open or write any files it won't work because they wouldn't exist. If I wrote the script on a Mac, and give it to a Windows user, the problem is even worse: they would have to change the beginning to "C:" and reverse all of the slashes. One very good and very simple solution to this is to use "relative paths". Let's look at one:
vidFile$ = "myVideos/Graduation.mp4"
vidFile$ = "myVideos\Graduation.mp4"
You can tell that it's a relative path because it doesn't start with a slash or C: (C:, D:, etc. are drive names in Windows). If you give a program a "relative path", it will figure out the full name by itself, using the location of the script as a reference point (your "working directory"). So if I have a Praat script "bitchinScript.praat" on my Desktop, and in this script I reference a file with a relative path like "input/whaleSounds.wav", Praat will expand it to this on my machine:
Let's say Queen Elizabeth was keen on checking out those whale sounds, and she downloaded "bitchinScript.praat" into her Downloads folder on her Windows machine. The relative path will be expanded to:
Another very helpful trick is that two dots and a slash "../" means "Go a level up". So if the script is in Her Majesty's Downloads folder and we save a file at this path:
outFile$ = "../analysis.txt"
It will end up in her home folder, one folder higher on the file system. You can also combine them to go up multiple levels "../../analysis.txt". This is a good thing to know, but honestly you shouldn't use it in your Praat scripts, because going levels above a home folder could either generate permission errors or do some damage. It is generally expected behavior for a script to only deal with files in its own folder and "below".
Lastly, note that a single dot and slash "./" refers to the current directory. You usually won't have to use that in your scripts, but it's good to know for other applications.
Hopefully the advantage of relative paths has made itself clear. Someone can download a script or a folder containing a script, and if you did your job right, all paths will work. It doesn't matter if the script is in their Downloads folder, in their Desktop, or some other random place, there shouldn't be any errors unless you're trying to write to a folder you don't have permissions for, like those above your home folder. But a normal user would have to try hard to make this error.
Slashes, note to Windows users
Some of you might rightfully be wondering about the problem of slashes being reversed between Windows and Unix-based systems. In more recent versions of Praat, this has been resolved quite nicely: If you use the Unix style --forward slashes for folders--, Praat will convert it on Windows. So please, windows users, play nice and only use forward slashes to delineate directories in Praat. It will work on everyone's machine.
Creating better full paths
Let's say we just want to write something to the user's Desktop, a common place that every computer user is comfortable with. We again run into the problem of not knowing their username, and not knowing what their operating system is. Praat solves this for us by giving us the global variable homeDirectory$. We can build paths using homeDirectory$, and Praat will automatically convert this to "C:\Users\frankenstein" or "/home/daniel". Therefore, we can specify a full path with something like this:
outFile$ = homeDirectory$ + "/Desktop/outFile.csv"
As long as the user has a Desktop folder, this will be a good path and the script will not throw an error. Other useful global variables are temporaryDirectory$, preferencesDirectory$, and check out more at the Praat Scripting Tutorial, Chapter 5.1: Variables, available in your Help menu or online. Note that these variables have special meaning for Praat, so don't try to change them. Use them, don't assign to them:
#Perfectly fine:
workingDirectory$ = homeDirectory$ + "/Desktop/"
#Asking for trouble, DON'T DO THIS:
homeDirectory$ = homeDirectory$ + "/Desktop/"
A path is a location on a filesystem. If you always use relative paths or create absolute paths with homeDirectory$, and you always use forward slashes, a well-written script is much more portable and can work on anyone's machine.
Tip: Building paths piecemeal
This last point is just a tip, it's a sort of best practice I've come to follow myself based on what I've seen other programmers do. I think it's ultimately more efficient to build up paths piecemeal if you're going to have several files referenced in your script.
Let's pretend we have a folder that contains our script, another folder "input" containing .wav files and .TextGrids, and a folder "output", where we'll write some spreadsheets. This is the less maintainable way:
inputFile1$ = "input/peach.wav"
outputFile1$ = "output/peach.csv"
Again, this is a very short script so it's trivial here, but in longer scripts it's ultimately more efficient to define the input and output folders at the top of the script, and the build the file names using the "+" concatenate operator:
inDir$ = "input/"
outDir$ = "outDir/"
######later on in the script...
inFile1$ = inDir$ + "peach.wav"
outFile1$ = outDir$ + "peach.csv"
If I later rename the input and output folders, I only have to change this once in the script.
Personally, and again this is just me, I like to keep all of my scripts in one place so that I can find them more easily. The problem with this is that I always have to use absolute paths, since I don't want to mix data from a project with my script library. So again, I build the full path piecemeal.
#wd$ is my working directory
wd$ = homeDirectory$ + "/Documents/praatTutorial/"
inDir$ = wd$ + "input/"
outDir$ = wd$ + "output/"
inFile1$ = inDir$ + "peach.wav"
outFile1$ = outDir$ + "peach.csv"
Now if I want to reuse the script with a different set of data, I only change one line of code (the line with the working directory) and everything else works.
Watch out for trailing slashes
When we build files by combining variables, pay attention to whether or not there's a slash on the end of the folder name. See if you can spot the subtle mistake here:
# Trouble
inDir$ = homeDirectory$ + "Desktop/input"
outFile1$ = inDir$ + "out.txt"
Print the value of "outFile1$". Since it's missing a slash, you're going to create a file named "inputout.txt" in your Desktop, not a file named "out.txt" in a folder called "input"! My personal custom (based on what I've seen others do) is to always end folders with a slash.
Final important note about paths: Special characters
One thing I can't go without mentioning, is that Praat has simplified paths for us. In traditional paths, you may have to consider "special" characters, like (ahem) spaces! Paths come from way back, where spaces separated commands and their arguments. So when you have a "special" character, you have to "escape" it with the opposite slash. So if we have a folder that has parentheses and spaces in the name (like "Acabou chorare (1972)", on *nix the path will be Acabou\ chorare\ \(1972\). On Windows it would be Acabou/ chorare/ /(1972/). The opposite slash alerts the program that the character that follows should be treated as a normal character, and not interpreted with its special significance (like "separator of arguments" for spaces).
Last I checked, Praat was behaving very well if I just surrounded the path in double quotes, meaning that we could just enter "Acabou chorare (1972)" and it should work. But since you're going down the road of getting into programming and digging deeper into your computer, do yourself a big favor: Get in the habit of thinking carefully about how you name your folders and files. Don't include "weird" characters, like parentheses, colons, semicolons, or spaces. It's common to use camel case: "acabouChorare1972" or use underscores: "acabou_chorare_1972", and combine one of these with dashes: "acabouChorare-1971". Dashes are really nice for giving your files logical names. We'll see in a later chapter that we can leverage this to read files in an intelligent way, like "01-bank-46.wav", representing Group 1, "bank", subject 46.
Common errors:
I know this file exists but it still says not found!
Next page: Files
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Laptop Touch Screen Protectors
• September 8, 2021
• General
A touch screen or multi touch screen is simply an assembly of an input and output unit. The touch screen is generally layered directly on top of an integrated data processing system’s monitor. While the system is most often a smartphone, tablet, or laptop, the display is most often an LCD or LED screen. These days it’s almost always an LCD panel. Because of the thinness of today’s displays, and the increased reliance on virtual reality for many consumers, the industry has come up with new and interesting products called “mixed reality” display units. This term was coined to describe devices that function in the presence of additional electronic devices like cameras, GPS, microphones, speakers, etc.
touch screen
Multi-touch display systems can take a different form when coupled with the latest infrared technology. Most infrared units fall into one of three groups. One type projects light that strikes a surface; another produces light that travels along a liquid barrier; or the third type projects invisible infrared light. These beams can penetrate very shallow layers of any material, including plastic, metal, glass, etc. In the past, we’ve used liquid barrier infrared units, but they proved too expensive and their limited range made them ineffective.
To overcome their limitations, the industry has recently developed ultra-thin film technologies that project infrared and visible light. In essence, these systems are made up of layers of a very thin sheet of transparent plastic, which are in a completely conductive state. When a finger is placed on one of the thin layers, the light is emitted and the whole unit is then charged. When the user then touches the unit, the electrical charge is emitted as well, irrespective of whether the finger is touched above or below the surface. This is known as “capacitive sensing” and has been very useful for many years now.
The idea behind this technology is to allow a user to “see” a certain area without actually touching it. One of the advantages is to eliminate all interaction with a surface, except for the briefest of moments when the finger is actually detected. For example, if a user were walking through a garden and was suddenly confronted by a thorny bush, they would probably be unable to simply brush it away, without having to remove their finger, wipe the spot they just touched with a towel, etc. With a capacitive display screen, the moment the finger is touched, the electrical current produced is detected and a message is sent to the unit, telling it to remove the finger. With traditional touch screen units, the user would need to activate the unit manually and then touch a finger to turn it on, and then touch it again to turn it off.
Another advantage of these new units is that they do not need a stylus or pen to create contact with the screen. Traditional touch screen units usually require a small stylus or pen to draw on the image, or place other visual elements on the screen. These are pieces of hardware which must be carried along with the device and must remain charged at all times, so they are not always practical to use while traveling. A capacitive pen eliminates this problem, because there is no physical contact between the user’s finger and the display.
Capacitive LCD screens have been used in portable computers and touch screen laptops for years, but a recent type of technology has enabled LCD panels to provide users with a much clearer image than that from earlier generations of touch screen laptops. This is due to the increased use of thin layers of organic material, which are built into the display panels themselves. When the user gently applies pressure with the tip of a finger on one of the thin layers of material, the electrical current generated is captured by the device and sent to the circuitry within the laptop. This new type of technology allows even the most timid of computer users to easily navigate and interact with the laptop’s computer system.
Touch screen protectors can help prevent damage to your laptop. Careful care during use is essential and should always be practiced. Laptop touch screens and touch screen protectors can help keep your investment safe and prevent the loss or damage of your expensive computer system. Many manufacturers provide warranty protection in case your laptop meets damage while in use. Most manufacturers state that the batteries within the touch screen protectors will expire if they are used during a period of less than one year.
There are many brands of laptop touch screen protectors available on the market today, including names such as DigiPanel, Optizoom, HP Compaq, Toshiba, and ViewSonic. Glass touch screen protectors are also available for some models of laptop computers. The types of material that different models may be covered with vary, and include acrylic, plastic, polycarbonate, and tempered glass. tempered glass is a specialized type of glass and is sometimes used in professional settings, such as sports stadiums and office buildings. Each of these types of glass protectors have their own advantages, and all are effective at preventing damage to your screen.
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What is Bitcoin mining software?
Bitcoin mining is a process that uses computational power to solve cryptographic puzzles.
Bitcoin mining involves solving mathematical equations to find out how to create a new block of bitcoins.
There are many different types of mining software, but the most common is known as Bitcoin mining.
The algorithm used to create the new block in Bitcoin mining uses a hash function that is generated by solving the same number of complex mathematical equations over and over again.
This process can take months to months to complete.
The difficulty in mining bitcoins is determined by the number of bitcoins that have been created and the difficulty of solving the equations over time.
As a result, the number and difficulty of bitcoins created in a day will be very different than the number that are mined in a year or two.
Bitcoin mining is typically done by the most powerful computers in the world.
These computers are called mining rigs.
The rigs are usually made up of several different computers, each of which is connected to a network of computers that run different software applications.
These specialized computers have different algorithms that can be used to solve the problems that the miners need to solve in order to make the blocks.
A mining rig is essentially a computer that runs a program that can mine bitcoins.
These programs can be designed to solve a number of different problems.
These problems can include finding a way to generate a new set of bitcoins, finding a new way to verify transactions in a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin, finding the best way to encode or encrypt data and more.
The mining rig usually has a set of mining computers that are connected to each other via fiber optic cables.
The mining computers have computers that can solve complex mathematical problems, such as finding a block of coins.
The computers have specialized chips that can handle the problems the miners will be solving.
The miners typically use these specialized computers to solve complex math problems in order for the network of mining machines to generate the next block of bitcoin.
The next block will be created by the computers that solved the problems.
The next block that is created is known in the cryptocurrency as a “mined” block.
It is a set or set of blocks that is larger than the first mined block.
The miners are rewarded with bitcoins.
The total amount of bitcoins in circulation at any given time is known by the cryptocurrency name of “block”.
The currency bitcoin is created when a miner finds a new Bitcoin block and the network is able to generate new bitcoins.
The Bitcoin network has been around since 2010, and there are currently over 20 million bitcoins in existence.
The number of Bitcoins in existence has increased every day.
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Biological Explanations of Homosexuality Assignment
Biological Explanations of Homosexuality Assignment Words: 1940
Biological Explanations for Homosexuality Katherine Calla Opening This paper is aimed to address the question of whether homosexuality is biologically based. This topic is quite relevant today because homosexuality is a huge civil rights issue which is also conflicting with the church’s moral standards. While many religious bodies claim that homosexuality is a choice and a “sin”, many in the homosexual community have strongly refuted that claim, instead saying they were born this way and their sexual identity is not a choice for them. Currently one of the biggest debates regarding the rights of homosexuals is same sex marriage .
If scientist are Indeed able to show evidence that homosexuality is result of biologic or genetic factors and thus not a choice or a morality Issue then we as a society might be able to make better headway In legalizing sesames marriage. Each culture addresses the Issue of homosexuality In various ways, while tolerance Is slowly gaining momentum In the United States, many other cultures have long accepted and even embraced homosexual like style. Finding a biological explanation is important in helping countries who are strongly influenced by the Catholic churches moral code to refute the churches’ stance that homosexuality is a choice.
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Literature review In America today there Is a large social debate over whether sexual orientation Is Influenced by environmental or biological factors. If sexual orientation Is determined biologically the moral Issue of the debate would be be relevant. If however homosexual behavior is a choice or a preference then the stance of homosexuality being immoral may have some justification. Research suggests that left handed homosexual men have less older brothers that expected (Blanchard & Lippy, 2006). Compelling evidence has shown that homosexuality in men is associated with having more older brothers and being left handed.
Interestingly however having older brothers only increases the probability of developing homosexual behavior in males who are right handed not left handed. Blanchard (2006) recruited 2,486 participants to fill out questionnaires related to sexual orientation, older siblings and hand-preference. The participants were then separated Into eight groups based on hand-preference, sexual orientation and sex and a three-way nova was done to compare them. The results supported the prediction that left handed homosexual men had less older brother than expected. Left handed homosexual men ended up having more older sisters than older
Trotters Ana ruling nana nonsexual men Ana more older Trotters than slitters. One weakness in the research is that it cannot be determined if older brothers decrease the chances of homosexuality in left handed men. ANother weakness was that there was no distinction made between “genetic” left-handedness and “pathological” left-handedness. Future research should look at hand preference of family members to distinguish between the two. Previous research suggests that concentrations of sex hormones in fetal umbilical chord blood is related to birth order (Macomb, Doddering, Cackling & Kramer 1979).
Research has investigated the relationship of hormone levels and birth order as a potential biological cause of homosexuality in men. When analyzing three groups of newborns and looking at the concentration of five sex hormones from samples of umbilical-chord blood it data suggests that hormonal factors play a role in adult sexual orientation. The five hormones if interest that were assessed were estrogen, testosterone, interpretations, astraddle and progesterone. Past research had indicated that homosexual behavior is a result of postnatal environmental factors such as interaction with siblings and parents.
However it has been argued that family environmental factors cannot explain for the differences (Waldron & Bell 1966). Research has explored the possibility that variations in hormonal concentrations in the prenatal environment are the main contributors to variation in sexual orientation post birth through studying umbilical chord blood from three samples of newborn infants. Researches conducted a longitudinal study in which behavioral development was being studied in these infants through birth through the age of six (Macomb, Doddering, Cackling & Kramer 1979).
Their main objective was to asses whether and or how a newborn’s sex and birth order were related to hormones in the umbilical chord blood. Five sex hormones were measured: progesterone, two estrogen (estrogen and astraddle) and two androgen’s (testosterone and interpretations). The fist sample of infants consisted of 40 males and 35 females, the second consisted of 32 males and 42 females and the third consisted of 53 males and 54 females totaling to 256 newborns born between 1973 and 1974. Only infants with no complications during delivery (including caesarian births) and had an Pagan score of at least 7 were included in the samples.
Right after delivery, and severance of the umbilical chord a sample of ml of blood was extracted and frozen for hormonal analysis. After the mother agreed to enter her child in the six year longitudinal study the frozen samples of blood were then later tested for for the five sex hormones of interest, Underestimation ( 4-Andresen, 17-done), testosterone (17;-hydroxyl-4-Andresen-3-one), estrogen (3-hydroxyl-l, 5 (10) -straitens-3), 17 p- idol), and astraddle (1 , 3,5 (10)-straitens-3), 17;-idol) were estimated in a laboratory by retransmission’s methods.
Progesterone (4-peregrine-3,20-done) was analyzed y a competitive method of protein binding. The hormones were then purified to to remove any potentially interfering steroids or containments. To study the relationship between birth-order and sex a supply ex. analysis of two sexes and first born versus later born was used as well as a xx analysis of two sexes, two birth outers and three samples. for the second and third samples birth order was not evaluated until children were behaviorally assessed at a later time.
Due to drop outs (attrition) in the study the number of infants who remained came to a total of 234. Tater studying ten data collected It could De tetrameter Tanat males Ana a significantly higher level of testosterone in umbilical chord blood than females and that later-born males had lower levels of testosterone than first-born males. First- born of both sexes had higher levels astraddle, progesterone unravel estrogen to some extent. The study also recognizes other influences for increase of testosterone in first-born infants such as stress, mothers age, birthright, and length of labor. Hill they do recognize other possible variables they state that it is doubtful that hose conditions would account for birth-order differences in testosterone. They concluded that only testosterone showed a birth-order effect and only in males. And that progesterone was the hormone that showed birth-order effect regardless of sex. Another factor which could influence the results obtained was the spacing between births. for some samples this information could not be obtained which resulted in only 218 subjects being analyzed in the study. His because it was found that if more than 4 years passed between a first and second child’s birth testosterone levels were elatedly equal in male infants. Research examining whether there is a relationship between having older brothers and or sisters influences homosexuality in male children (Bankcard, & Bogart 1996) has indicated that regardless of cultural influences or demographics homosexual men have higher odds of having older brothers than heterosexual men. The subjects were chosen from a sample of 877 gay and straight men between the ages of 19 and 82 years of age from Canada. The homosexual groups mean number of siblings was 2. 3 and the mean age was 38. 33 years old. The heterosexuals mean number of siblings was 2. 5 and the mean age was 40 years of age. These means were compared with a two tailed t-test and there was no significant difference between means. Due to the negative stigma associated with homosexuality participants were not required to disclose their identity. Participants were informed that the study was examining the relationship between sexual orientation and family background. The subjects were asked to fill out a 10 min questionnaire,which asked questions relating to paternity and age of siblings born to the same biological mother.
Only full siblings from the same mother and father were included. The hypothesis was tested using logistic regression analysis and there were six predictor variables: the number of younger brothers, number of younger sisters, the number of older brothers, the number of older sisters, fathers age, and mothers age. Their results confirmed their Hypothesis that homosexual men had a higher number of older siblings than heterosexual men, but that there was no relationship with having older sisters, younger sisters or younger brothers.
The results showed that the odds of a male developing a homosexual identity increased by 33 percent with each older brother. It is interesting to note that only older brothers affect the chances of a younger sibling being homosexual while number of older sisters has no effect. Another factor could be that a mothers immune system may be able to remember the number of male children she has carried and since male fetus are more antigenic she may have maternal immune reactions. There have been many studies on the relationship between homosexuality and birth order, however the reason for this relationship is still vague.
It is interesting that there has been no evidence to support that birth order has any effect the sexual relation AT women, Wendell It Is ten strongest Inhalator Tort men I . T NAS Eden suggested in recent research that the fraternal birth order effect is linked to height (Bogart & Lie, 2006). This indicates that the fraternal birth order effect physical development as well as sexual orientation. Interaction of Fraternal Birth Order and Handedness in the development of the male Homosexuality (Blanchard, Cantor, Bogart, Broadleaved, & Ellis). The study examines the interaction between two etiological markers of homosexuality in males.
These to main factors are hand preference and the fraternal birth order. He fraternal birth order effect is lately based on the maternal immune hypothesis which hypothesized that each male child a woman carries increases her immunization to male-specific antigens by increasing anti-male antibodies which might effect miscommunication of the infants brain. Other studies ( bog rare, 2005) back up the fraternal birth order effect because the odds of developing homosexual behaviors in later-born males were not influenced by children being raised in different homes.
Comparative data on the relationship between the second to fourth digit ratio has indicated a scientific connection between heritability, prenatal hormone transfer, and sexual orientation (Hirsh, Assai, Sashimi, & And, 2012). Using a sample of Japanese twins the relationship between homosexuality and second to fourth digit ratio has been examined. This ratio may be influenced by prenatal hormones associated with homosexuality. The second to fourth digit ratio is the relative length of the index finger to the ring finger. The Koki Twin Project (KIT) recruited voluntary twin participants aged 14 to 30 years old from Tokyo.
Out of the 5, 217 pairs of twins ho were recruited, 2, 073 twins agreed to participate in the study. Part of the research involved questionnaires sent by mail which were then analyzed upon return. Included in the questionnaire was the Klein Grid, a questioner that assess sexual orientation, as well as questions about health, eating behavior, economic status, social status. The total number of participants who returned the questionnaires an a photocopy of their hands was 223. Participants signed consent and were informed of the purpose of the study and their right to drop out. Here were three main assures, Zygotic determination, finger-length measurement, and sexual orientation assessment. Zygotic was determined through physical resemblance and DNA information. There were 75 identical females, and 29 males as well as 22 fraternal females and 9 fraternal males. Sexual orientation was assessed using the Klein Grid which is comprised of questions relating to sexual attraction, sexual behavior, sexual fantasy, emotional closeness, social preference, sexual identification and heterosexual/homosexual life style during three phases in life (past, present, and future)
How to cite this assignment
Choose cite format:
Biological Explanations of Homosexuality Assignment. (2018, Oct 05). Retrieved October 28, 2021, from
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Luigi Dallapiccola
The Italian composer Luigi Dallapiccola (1904-1975) is best known for his twelve-tone compositions, often of highly lyrical and expressive nature.
Luigi Dallapiccola was born on Feb. 3, 1904, at Pisino in Istria. The town (now Pazin; after World War I, part of Italy) belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire during his childhood. In 1917 the Dallapiccolas and other Italian families of that community were deported to Graz, Austria, for political reasons. There Dallapiccola had his first opportunity to hear major operas, such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Don Giovanni and Richard Wagner's Die Meistersinger and The Flying Dutchman. At this time he decided definitely to become a musician, although his father, a professor of classical languages, insisted that he complete a classical education also.
In 1921 Dallapiccola graduated from high school. The next year he went to Florence, where he entered the harmony class of the conservatory in 1923. Two years later he composed three songs Fiuri de Tapo (texts by Biagio Marin); these remained unpublished and unperformed. In 1931 he became a professor at the Florence Conservatory. Dallapiccola's first major commission came in 1934: Divertimento in quattro essercizi for soprano and five instruments (on a 12th-century text), written for the group Le Carillon in Geneva.
In his early works Dallapiccola did not follow twelve-tone principles. However, he came to feel that the consistent use of the twelve tones would enable him to write richer and more expressive melodies. A fine example of such a melody occurs at the beginning of his opera Volo di notte (1937-1939; Night Flight; text after Saint-Exupéry). The Canti di prigionia (1939-1941; Prison Songs; texts by Mary, Queen of Scots, Boethius, and Savonarola) are united by a single twelve-tone row but still contain many free passages. His first work to use the strict twelve-tone method throughout is the Cinque frammenti di Saffo (1942). Dallapiccola was the first Italian composer to study and apply twelve-tone principles systematically. In applying them he also found his personal style. While he learned much from the example of Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern, Dallapiccola's expressiveness is his own.
Most of Dallapiccola's important works are vocal. He often chose texts which glorified the idea of liberty. Three of his major compositions on this theme are the Canti di prigionia; Il Prigioniero, a one-act opera with prologue (1949; text after Villiers de l'lsle-Adam and Charles de Coster); and Canti de liberazione for choir and orchestra (1955; Songs of Liberation; texts from Castillio, St. Augustine, and the Book of Exodus). His opera Ulysses (1967) deals with Ulysses's quest for himself and his final delivery into the hands of God. He also composed Sicut Umbra (1970) and Commiato (1972). Dallapiccola died on February 19, 1975 and was buried in Florence.
Further Reading on Luigi Dallapiccola
A biography available in English on Dallapiccola is Roman Vlad's brief study, Luigi Dallapiccola (trans. 1957). A lengthy biography appears in Thompson, Oscar, ed., International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians (11th edition, Dodd, Mead & Co, Inc., 1985).
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