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Ryan Chapman (born 14 April 1987 in Cape Town, Western Cape) is a South African football (soccer) striker for Royal Eagles.
References
External links
Ryan Chapman at Soccerway
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"Chapman"
]
}
|
Ryan Chapman (born 14 April 1987 in Cape Town, Western Cape) is a South African football (soccer) striker for Royal Eagles.
References
External links
Ryan Chapman at Soccerway
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ryan"
]
}
|
Tori-Gare is a town and arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Tori-Bossito. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 6,997.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"Benin"
]
}
|
Tori-Gare is a town and arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Tori-Bossito. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 6,997.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
161
],
"text": [
"Tori-Bossito"
]
}
|
The Hamilton Alerts were a Canadian football-rugby union team based in Hamilton, Ontario that played in the Ontario Rugby Football Union from 1911 to 1912. The club won the 4th Grey Cup in 1912, becoming the first ever team from Hamilton to win the Grey Cup and the first team from the ORFU to win the Cup.
History
While the club won the Grey Cup in 1912, it was controversial. The Alerts were suspended by the Ontario Rugby Football Union on November 23, 1912, one week before the Grey Cup game, after questioning the Union's authority. After the Toronto Rowing and Athletic Club protested a questionable penalty call in a Hamilton Alert's victory, the ORFU ordered the Alerts to replay the game on November 23. The Alerts lost the rematch 39–7, mainly because they used backups while the main squad played the Hamilton Tigers in a regularly scheduled match – which the Alerts won 12–8. The Alerts proceeded to defeat the Toronto Argonauts in the Grey Cup the following week.
The Alerts tried to rejoin the ORFU with a formal request on September 6, 1913, but were denied reinstatement. This, along with the previous season's indiscretion, led many players to join the Hamilton Tigers of the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union in time for the 1913 season. What was left of the Alerts operated separately from any union for several years until they disbanded altogether.
In 1940, several ORFU teams disbanded during the war, and several more were quickly thrown together to ensure a season was played. The team from Hamilton was nicknamed the "Alerts" by the press, but was not a descendant or continuation of the original team: they won 1 of 5 games in 1940.
In 1941, Hamilton's place in the ORFU would be filled by the Hamilton Wildcats, who played through 1949 before merging with the Tigers to form the modern-day Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
Canadian Football Hall of Famers
Ross Craig
ORFU season-by-season
References
Football Canada
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
1931
],
"text": [
"Canada"
]
}
|
The Hamilton Alerts were a Canadian football-rugby union team based in Hamilton, Ontario that played in the Ontario Rugby Football Union from 1911 to 1912. The club won the 4th Grey Cup in 1912, becoming the first ever team from Hamilton to win the Grey Cup and the first team from the ORFU to win the Cup.
History
While the club won the Grey Cup in 1912, it was controversial. The Alerts were suspended by the Ontario Rugby Football Union on November 23, 1912, one week before the Grey Cup game, after questioning the Union's authority. After the Toronto Rowing and Athletic Club protested a questionable penalty call in a Hamilton Alert's victory, the ORFU ordered the Alerts to replay the game on November 23. The Alerts lost the rematch 39–7, mainly because they used backups while the main squad played the Hamilton Tigers in a regularly scheduled match – which the Alerts won 12–8. The Alerts proceeded to defeat the Toronto Argonauts in the Grey Cup the following week.
The Alerts tried to rejoin the ORFU with a formal request on September 6, 1913, but were denied reinstatement. This, along with the previous season's indiscretion, led many players to join the Hamilton Tigers of the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union in time for the 1913 season. What was left of the Alerts operated separately from any union for several years until they disbanded altogether.
In 1940, several ORFU teams disbanded during the war, and several more were quickly thrown together to ensure a season was played. The team from Hamilton was nicknamed the "Alerts" by the press, but was not a descendant or continuation of the original team: they won 1 of 5 games in 1940.
In 1941, Hamilton's place in the ORFU would be filled by the Hamilton Wildcats, who played through 1949 before merging with the Tigers to form the modern-day Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
Canadian Football Hall of Famers
Ross Craig
ORFU season-by-season
References
Football Canada
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"rugby union"
]
}
|
Joyce Greer de Holesch (1918–2009) was an Australian concert pianist.
Early life and education
Joyce Greer was born at Elsternwick, Victoria in Australia. She began to play the piano at the age of three.
In 1934, she won the inaugural Frank Homewood Memorial Scholarship, which gave her an opportunity to study at the Melbourne University for three years. She also played with the international conductor Sir Bernard Heinze who was dean of the faculty at that time.
In 1937, she moved to London with her mother and studied with an English pianist Tobias Matthay.
Career
In 1938, Joyce won the Bach Prize in London, and she also won the Musical Initiative Prize in the next year in London. She got a chance to perform in the Queen's Hall in London by the later prize.
In this time of her early career in London, she played the soloist with the Halle’ Orchestra under Eugene Ormandy. She also played with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra under Sir John Barbirolli.
In late 1939, she returned to Australia, WWII broke out her career in Europe. She started her career in Australia in 1940. She played a series of successful recitals and began to travel around Australia.In 1942, she played the music of Brahms and Bach in the Assembly Hall in Melbourne
In June 1943, she played Beethoven's Emperor Concerto with the Melbourne symphony orchestra.In 1945, she played Grieg's concerto with the Brisbane Orchestra with Eugene Ormandy. In the same year, she and her husband moved to New York where she studied with Egon Petri and Ignaz Friedman.In 1957, she played in Lieder Halle in Stuttgart.
In December 1957, she made her Town Hall debut in New York, she played the music of Beethoven, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Debussy, and Chopin.In March 1968, she played the music of Haydn, Beethoven, and Rachmaninoff in the Wigmore Hall in London.
Personal life
Joyce Greer married a Hungarian-born painter Denes de Holesch in 1944. They had two children, Laura and Hugo. Laura was born in Lilydale, Victoria in 1944, she married Christopher Hampton in 1971. Hugo was born in Montreal, Canada in 1946, has a Ph.D. In Philosophy from Sorbonne, Paris and currently lives in Budapest.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"pianist"
]
}
|
Alex Golesh (born June 24, 1984) is an American football coach who is currently the head football coach at the University of South Florida. He was previously the offensive coordinator and tight ends coach at the University of Tennessee.
Coaching career
Golesh began his coaching career as an assistant coach working with the defensive line at Westerville Central High School in Ohio, whose football program was in its first year. He was later hired as a student assistant at Ohio State in 2004 where he earned his degree in 2006. He also spent time coaching at Northern Illinois and Oklahoma State as a graduate assistant.
Toledo
Golesh was hired as the running backs coach and recruiting coordinator at Toledo in 2009 working under Tim Beckman, who he also worked under at Oklahoma State as a defensive graduate assistant. He was later shifted to the tight ends coach in 2010. Golesh aided the Toledo program in securing the No. 1 recruiting class in the Mid-American Conference in consecutive years.
Illinois
Golesh followed Beckman to Illinois in 2012, working once again as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator. He also added running backs coach duties in 2014 and was later promoted to special teams coordinator in 2015.
Iowa State
Golesh was hired as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator at Iowa State in 2016 under Matt Campbell, who he worked with at Toledo. In the season before Golesh came to Ames, Iowa State tight ends caught a combined five passes. In 2019, Cyclone tight ends caught 75 passes under his direction and played a pivotal role in the team’s success. Golesh mentored all-conference performers at tight end in 2017, 2018 and 2019, as the Cyclones recorded a pair of 8-5 seasons and back-to-back bowl berths in 2017 and 2018. In 2018, Iowa State broke its school record for conference victories in a season (six), tying for third in the Big 12 for the best conference finish 40 years. In 2019, the Cyclones ended 7-6 after an appearance in the Camping World Bowl in Orlando, for their third consecutive bowl invitation.
Sophomore tight end starter Charlie Kolar caught 51 passes for 697 yards (most yards all-time by a Cyclone tight end in a season) and seven touchdowns, helping him earn second-team All-America honors from Pro Football Focus and first-team All-Big 12 recognition, as well as first-team Academic All-America notice. He also was a semifinalist for the Mackey Award as one of the nation’s top tight ends. Teammate Chase Allen earned second-team All-Big 12 honors as Golesh’s unit completed the rare feat of sweeping both All-Big 12 tight end awards. The tight production helped Iowa State rank 11th nationally and second in the Big 12 in passing offense at 311.3 yards per game. Both, Charlie Kolar and Chase Allen, participated in the 2022 NFL Combine.
UCF
Golesh was hired as a co-offensive coordinator and tight ends coach at UCF in 2020, working under Josh Heupel. Despite the challenges presented by the unique COVID-19 shortened season, the Knights shined offensively in Golesh’s first year, ranking second in the FBS in total offense (568.1), fourth in passing offense (357.4), seventh in total passing yards (3,574) and eighth nationally in scoring offense (42.2).
Tennessee
Golesh followed Heupel to Tennessee as offensive coordinator and tight ends coach in 2021. During the 2021 season, Golesh helped Tennessee shatter eight team single-season records, including points (511), total offensive yards (6,174), touchdowns (67), point after touchdowns made (67), total first downs (316), rushing first downs (164), fewest interceptions thrown (3) and passing efficiency (167.10). Tennessee improved their scoring offense by 101 spots, going from 108th in the country in 2020 to seventh in 2021.
South Florida
On December 4, 2022, Golesh was announced as the sixth head coach of South Florida.
Personal life
Born in Moscow, Golesh moved to the United States as a child, growing up in Brooklyn, New York and Dublin, Ohio. Golesh and his wife Alexis have a daughter and a son, Corbin and Barrett.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Alex Golesh on Twitter
Iowa State profile
Tennessee profile
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"coach"
]
}
|
Alex Golesh (born June 24, 1984) is an American football coach who is currently the head football coach at the University of South Florida. He was previously the offensive coordinator and tight ends coach at the University of Tennessee.
Coaching career
Golesh began his coaching career as an assistant coach working with the defensive line at Westerville Central High School in Ohio, whose football program was in its first year. He was later hired as a student assistant at Ohio State in 2004 where he earned his degree in 2006. He also spent time coaching at Northern Illinois and Oklahoma State as a graduate assistant.
Toledo
Golesh was hired as the running backs coach and recruiting coordinator at Toledo in 2009 working under Tim Beckman, who he also worked under at Oklahoma State as a defensive graduate assistant. He was later shifted to the tight ends coach in 2010. Golesh aided the Toledo program in securing the No. 1 recruiting class in the Mid-American Conference in consecutive years.
Illinois
Golesh followed Beckman to Illinois in 2012, working once again as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator. He also added running backs coach duties in 2014 and was later promoted to special teams coordinator in 2015.
Iowa State
Golesh was hired as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator at Iowa State in 2016 under Matt Campbell, who he worked with at Toledo. In the season before Golesh came to Ames, Iowa State tight ends caught a combined five passes. In 2019, Cyclone tight ends caught 75 passes under his direction and played a pivotal role in the team’s success. Golesh mentored all-conference performers at tight end in 2017, 2018 and 2019, as the Cyclones recorded a pair of 8-5 seasons and back-to-back bowl berths in 2017 and 2018. In 2018, Iowa State broke its school record for conference victories in a season (six), tying for third in the Big 12 for the best conference finish 40 years. In 2019, the Cyclones ended 7-6 after an appearance in the Camping World Bowl in Orlando, for their third consecutive bowl invitation.
Sophomore tight end starter Charlie Kolar caught 51 passes for 697 yards (most yards all-time by a Cyclone tight end in a season) and seven touchdowns, helping him earn second-team All-America honors from Pro Football Focus and first-team All-Big 12 recognition, as well as first-team Academic All-America notice. He also was a semifinalist for the Mackey Award as one of the nation’s top tight ends. Teammate Chase Allen earned second-team All-Big 12 honors as Golesh’s unit completed the rare feat of sweeping both All-Big 12 tight end awards. The tight production helped Iowa State rank 11th nationally and second in the Big 12 in passing offense at 311.3 yards per game. Both, Charlie Kolar and Chase Allen, participated in the 2022 NFL Combine.
UCF
Golesh was hired as a co-offensive coordinator and tight ends coach at UCF in 2020, working under Josh Heupel. Despite the challenges presented by the unique COVID-19 shortened season, the Knights shined offensively in Golesh’s first year, ranking second in the FBS in total offense (568.1), fourth in passing offense (357.4), seventh in total passing yards (3,574) and eighth nationally in scoring offense (42.2).
Tennessee
Golesh followed Heupel to Tennessee as offensive coordinator and tight ends coach in 2021. During the 2021 season, Golesh helped Tennessee shatter eight team single-season records, including points (511), total offensive yards (6,174), touchdowns (67), point after touchdowns made (67), total first downs (316), rushing first downs (164), fewest interceptions thrown (3) and passing efficiency (167.10). Tennessee improved their scoring offense by 101 spots, going from 108th in the country in 2020 to seventh in 2021.
South Florida
On December 4, 2022, Golesh was announced as the sixth head coach of South Florida.
Personal life
Born in Moscow, Golesh moved to the United States as a child, growing up in Brooklyn, New York and Dublin, Ohio. Golesh and his wife Alexis have a daughter and a son, Corbin and Barrett.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Alex Golesh on Twitter
Iowa State profile
Tennessee profile
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"American football"
]
}
|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"Cleveland"
]
}
|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
place of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
2122
],
"text": [
"Freeport"
]
}
|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
533
],
"text": [
"Cleveland Institute of Music"
]
}
|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
field of work
|
{
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237
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|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
occupation
|
{
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63
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"text": [
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|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
employer
|
{
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1611
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|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
cause of death
|
{
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1704
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|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
family name
|
{
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5
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"text": [
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|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
given name
|
{
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0
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"text": [
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|
Hale Smith (June 29, 1925 – November 24, 2009) was an American composer, arranger, and pianist.
Biography
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he learned piano at an early age and played mellophone in the high school band. As a teenager, he played jazz piano in local nightclubs. When he was sixteen, he met Duke Ellington, who commented on his compositions.In the early 1940s he was drafted and worked for the U.S. Army as an arranger for shows at camps in Georgia and Florida. After the Army he studied classical music and composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music and received bachelor's and master's degrees. His composition Four Songs won the first student composer award given by BMI. During the late 1950s he moved to New York City and was employed as an editor at publishing companies. He worked as a jazz pianist and arranger with Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, Ahmad Jamal, Melba Liston, Oliver Nelson, and Randy Weston and wrote incidental music for television, radio, and theater. With Chico Hamilton he wrote music for the movie Mr. Ricco (1975).His compositions include The Valley Wind (1952), In Memoriam, Beryl Rubinstein (1953), Sonata for Cello and Piano (1955), Contours for Orchestra (1961), Faces of Jazz (1965), Evocation (1966), Ritual and Incantation (1974), Innerflexions (1977), Toussaint L'Ouverture (1979), Solemn Music (1979), Three Patterson Lyrics (1985), and Dialogues and Commentaries (1991) He wrote music for band, choir, orchestra, jazz groups, chamber ensembles, duos, and solo performance.Smith was a teacher at C.W. Post campus of Long Island University in Brookville and the University of Connecticut in Storrs. He died at the age of 84 on November 24, 2009, due to a stroke. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
Award and honors
Cleveland Art Prize in Music, 1973
Outstanding Achievement Award, National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, 1982
Honorary doctorate, Cleveland Institute of Music, 1988
Composer's Recording Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1988
Letter of Distinction, American Music Center, 2001
Hale Smith Day, Freeport, New York, 2010
Compositions
Orchestral Set (1952)
Four Songs for Medium Voice (1952)
The Valley Wind (1952)
In Memoriam – Beryl Rubinstein (1953)
Sonata for Violoncello and Piano (1955)
Two Love Songs of John Donne (1958)
Feathers (1960)
Contours for Orchestra (1961)
Take a Chance: An Aleatoric Episode (1964)
By Yearning and by Beautiful (1964)
Evocation (1966)
Expansions (1967)
Music for Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1967)
Trinal Dance (1968)
I Love Music (c. 1970) – recorded by Betty Carter, Joe Lovano,
Beyond the Rim of Day (1970)
Exchanges (1972)
Somersault: A Twelve Tone Adventure (1974)
Ritual and Incantation (1974)
Variations for Six Players (1975)
Innerflexions (1977)
Solemn Music (1979)
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1803 (1979)
Meditations in Passage (1982)
Variations a' Due for saxophone and cello (1984, rev.1995), recorded by Dr. Ira Wiggins and Dr. Timothy Holley
March and Fanfare for an Elegant Lady (1986)
Dialogues & Commentaries (1990–91)
Recitative and Aria (1995)
References
Breda, Malcolm Joseph. (1975). Hale Smith: A Biographical and Analytical Study of the Man and His Music. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
Caldwell, Hansonia La Verne (1975). "Conversation With Hale Smith, A Man of Many Parts." The Black Perspective in Music, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–76 (spring 1975).
External links
Hale Smith's page at Theodore Presser Company
Hale Smith page
Hale Smith tribute
Guide to the Hale Smith and Melba Liston Recordings, Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago
|
instrument
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{
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"text": [
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West Midlands Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England.
The force covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country. In 2020, there were 6,846 officers, 484 police community support officers (PCSO), and 219 volunteer special constables.The force is led by Chief Constable Craig Guildford. The force area is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs), each being served by four core policing teams – Response, Neighbourhood, Investigation and Community Action & Priority (CAPT) – with the support of a number of specialist crime teams. These specialist teams include CID, traffic and a firearms unit.
West Midlands Police is a partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in the Central Motorway Police Group. The force is party to a number of other resource sharing agreements including the National Police Air Service.
History
Regional policing in the West Midlands prior to 1974
Prior to the formation of West Midlands Police as it is known today, the area now covered by the force was served by a total of six smaller constabularies. These constabularies were as follows:
Birmingham City Police 1839–1974: Established in 1839 following an outbreak of Chartist rioting that the Metropolitan Police had to help quell, officers from Birmingham City Police first took to the streets on 20 November of that year. Initially with a strength of 260 officers paid at a rate of 17 shillings a week, the constabulary expanded to keep pace with the growth of the city with the final areas to be added before the force's amalgamation in West Midlands Police being the Hollywood area.
Coventry Police 1836–1974: Formed with the Municipal Corporations Act in 1836, Coventry Police was initially only twenty officers with the support of a single sergeant and one inspector. The force reached a strength of 137 officers by 1914 and continued to grow until in 1969 it was merged with the Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary, part of which it remained until the formation of West Midlands Police.
Dudley Borough Police 1920–1966: Formerly part of the Worcestershire Constabulary, Dudley gained its own police force on 1 April 1920 following a review by His Majesty's Inspector that had suggested previous policing arrangements were unsatisfactory. Dudley Borough Police remained independent until the Royal Commission in 1960 which resulted in its inclusion as part of the newly formed West Midlands Constabulary.
Walsall Borough Police 1832–1966: Moving away from a 'watch' system, Walsall Borough Police were formed on 6 July 1832 with an initial strength of only one superintendent and three constables. As with the other regional forces, Walsall Borough Police expanded with the area's population and in 1852 appointed its first two detectives. The force took on its first female recruits in 1918 and in the 1960s became one of the first forces to issues its officers with personal radios. As with Dudley's police force, Walsall Borough Police became part of the West Midlands Constabulary following the Royal Commission.
West Midlands Constabulary 1966–1974: Lasting only eight years, West Midlands Constabulary was a newly formed force encompassing a number of smaller borough forces including Dudley Borough Police, Walsall Borough Police, Wolverhampton Borough Police and parts of Staffordshire and Worcestershire Constabularies. The creation of the West Midlands Constabulary was the consequence of 1960's Royal Commission into policing.
Wolverhampton Borough Police 1837–1966: The formation of Wolverhampton Borough Police was approved on 3 August 1837 under the condition that the strength of the force not exceed sixteen men. The Police Act 1839 saw Staffordshire County Police taking over policing in Wolverhampton with Wolverhampton Borough Police regaining responsibility for policing the town in 1848. At the turn of the 20th century the force was 109 strong, reaching a highpoint of around 300 before the force became part of the short lived West Midlands Constabulary in 1966.
Establishment of West Midlands Police
West Midlands Police was formed on 1 April 1974, owing to the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 which created the new West Midlands metropolitan county. It was formed by merging the Birmingham City Police, the earlier West Midlands Constabulary, and parts of Staffordshire County and Stoke-on-Trent Constabulary, Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary and West Mercia Constabulary. The first Chief Constable appointed to the new force was Sir Derrick Capper, the last Chief Constable of Birmingham Police.
Controversies and allegations of corruption
Between 1974 and 1989, the force operated the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad. It was disbanded after allegations of endemic misconduct, leading to a series of unsafe convictions. These included allegations that officers had falsified confessions in witness statements, denied suspects access to solicitors and used torture such as "plastic bagging" to partially suffocate suspects in order to extract confessions. They were alleged to have abused payments to informers. A series of around 40 prosecutions failed in the late 1980s as defendants showed that evidence had or may have been tampered with. West Yorkshire Police led an investigation which led to a small number of internal disciplinary proceedings, but did not recommend any prosecutions for lack of evidence. However, over 60 convictions secured from their investigations have now been quashed, including those of the Birmingham Six.West Midlands Police had two serious firearms incidents, in 1980 and 1985. In 1980, David Pagett held his pregnant girlfriend as hostage while resisting arrest by the police. Officers returned fire, and shot her. Police had initially tried to claim that Pagett has shot her, but it became clear that it was police bullets that had caused her death. In 1985, John Shorthouse was arrested by West Midlands police for questioning about armed robberies in South Wales. His house was then searched. His five-year-old son, John, was shot by police searching under the child's bed. An internal inquiry was held, and as a result, use of firearms was restricted to a specialised and trained unit.Allegations of bribery and corruption were made in 1994 by World in Action, an investigative current affairs TV programme. The convicted criminal David Harris alleged that West Midlands police officers had demanded payments of more than £200,000 to keep criminals including himself away from prosecutions. Other allegations from police officers focused on officers attempting to persuade others to accept bribes. The CID was the focus of an investigation by Leicestershire Police at the request of the Police Complaints Authority.
2000s and onwards
Under proposals announced by the then Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, on 6 February 2006, West Midlands Police would have merged with Staffordshire Police, West Mercia Constabulary and Warwickshire Constabulary to form a single strategic force for the West Midlands region.
This, along with a number of other mergers which would have cut the number of forces in England and Wales from 43 to 24, were abandoned in July 2006 after widespread opposition from police and the public.Because of prison overcrowding in October 2006, up to 44 prison cells at Steelhouse Lane police station in Birmingham were made available to house inmates as part of Operation Safeguard and in accordance with an agreement between West Midlands Police and HM Prison Service.In October 2008, the Chief Constable Sir Paul Scott-Lee announced he would not be renewing his contract in May 2009, after seven years in the post. His replacement was Chris Sims.The force attracted controversy in 2010 when Project Champion, a £3 million scheme to install a network of CCTV cameras in the predominantly Muslim areas of Washwood Heath and Sparkbrook, came under fire from local residents and civil rights organisations. A total of 218 cameras had been planned for installation but the project was abandoned following concerns over their legality and objections from residents and local councillors that they had not been consulted by the force.Between April and September 2010, WMP budgets were cut by £3.4 million as part of a programme to reduce spending by £50M over four years. In response to the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review, Chief Constable Sims said WMP would need to reduce spending by up to £123 million over the same period.In 2010, the force implemented regulation A19, requiring officers with 30 or more years service to retire, in response to government funding cuts. The regulation, used by 15 forces to make emergency savings, led to 591 WMP officers being forced to retire. Some of these officers later took WMP to an employment tribunal, alleging age discrimination. In 2014 the tribunal found the regulation to be unlawful. In 2015, 498 former WMP officers were seeking compensation. The ruling was later overturned by the Employment Appeal Tribunal, whose decision was upheld in the Court of Appeal in 2017.Plans to privatise parts of the force were halted by Bob Jones, the force's first Police and Crime Commissioner, upon taking office in 2012.Chief Constable Chris Sims was reappointed to a second three-year term in 2013, then stepped down at the beginning of 2016. He was succeeded by Dave Thompson, who had previously been Deputy Chief Constable.In March 2021, Oliver Banfield, a probationary officer with West Midlands Police, was convicted of assault by beating after using techniques taught in police training to attack a woman while off-duty. Banfield was sentenced to a 14-week curfew and ordered to pay £500 compensation to his victim. Former Leader of the Opposition Harriet Harman described the fact Banfield did not receive a custodial sentence as “proof ... that [the] system fails women and protects men”. After the conviction, the Crown Prosecution Service apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield. In a May 2021 hearing, Banfield was found guilty of gross misconduct and banned from policing for life.A 2021 investigation by Newsnight and The Law Society Gazette found that alleged hate crimes in which the victim was a police officer were significantly more likely to result in a successful prosecution across a number of force areas including the West Midlands. The investigation found that in the year ending March 2020, crimes against police officers and staff constituted 7 percent of hate incidents recorded by West Midlands Police, but resulted in 43 percent of hate crimes convictions. In March 2022, a WMP constable resigned after having been found to have fabricated the death of a partner in order to receive bereavement leave and other benefits; Chief Constable Thompson said the officer would have been dismissed for gross misconduct had he not resigned.
Leadership and performance
As of 2018, West Midlands Police was smaller than at any previous time in its history, having lost nearly 2,300 officers since 2010. Government funding for West Midlands Police fell by £145M since 2010. In 2018, Chief Constable Dave Thompson said that falling numbers of police officers due to funding cuts, and a "wider spread of crime", prevented the police doing everything the public want or expect of them.
Leadership
The current chief constable is Craig Guildford, and the deputy chief constable is Vanessa Jardine.
Chief constables
Sir Derrick Capper (1974–1975)
Philip Knights (1975–1985)
Sir Geoffrey Dear (1985–1990)
Sir Ron Hadfield (1990–1996)
Sir Edward Crewe (1996–2002)
Sir Paul Scott-Lee (2002–2009)
Chris Sims (1 June 2009 – January 2016)
Sir Dave Thompson (January 2016 – December 2022)
Craig Guildford (December 2022 – present)
Police and Crime Commissioner
The West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), established in 2012 as one of several directly-elected police and crime commissioners is responsible for oversight and accountability for WMP and appoints the chief constable. As of 2021, the current PCC is Simon Foster.The West Midlands PCC replaces the West Midlands Police Authority, which was founded in 1996. Before it was replaced, the chair of the West Midlands Police Authority was Bishop Dr Derek Webley, of the New Testament Church of God in Handsworth, the first non-politician member of Authority to be elected chair, and the first African Caribbean chair of any police authority in the United Kingdom.
Crime statistics and budget
The following table shows the percentage of cases resulting in a criminal charge or court summons in West Midlands Police's jurisdiction, by offence group, for the period from April 2020 to March 2021:
Dave Thompson stated that unforeseen pensions expenses of £8.6M in 2019 and £13.9M in 2020, from a budget of £514M cost roughly as much as 500 officers and would lower the total number of officers to 6,000, contrasted with 8,600 in 2010. Thompson added, “There is no question there will be more obvious rationing of services. The public can already see it is going on. We are already not pursuing crimes where we could find a suspect. We are doing things now that surprise me. We are struggling to deliver a service to the public. I think criminals are well aware now how stretched we are. These further cuts will leave us smaller than we have ever been. There is unquestionably more demand than there was in 1974.”In the 2021/22 financial year, West Midlands Police's budget was £655.6M, an increase from £619.7M in 2020/21.
Structure and departments
West Midlands Police covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country.
As of September 2020, the force has 6,846 police officers, 219 special constables, and 467 police community support officers (PCSO), 165 police support volunteers (PSV), and 3,704 staff.
In 2019, 10.9% of officers were from a BAME background, compared with 8.5% in 2014.
Local Policing Units
The area covered by West Midlands Police is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs). Each LPU is headed by a chief superintendent, responsible for the overall policing and management of the area, supported by a Local Command Team (LCT) composed of a varying number of superintendents and chief inspectors.Each LPU has a number of dedicated Neighbourhood Policing teams. These cover a specific area and are headed by a sergeant with support from a number of police officers, PCSOs and sometimes special constables. The force operates a number of police stations.
Core policing teams
West Midlands Police is structured in such a way that there are four key teams in each LPU who have the responsibility for dealing with everyday policing duties. The force's current structure was gradually introduced over the past two years with the Solihull and Birmingham South LPUs being the first area to see the change in June 2011, and the Walsall LPU being the last in January 2013. The structural change was introduced as part of the force's 'Continuous Improvement' programme with the ambition of working in a more cost effective and efficient manner and was overseen under the advice of accounting firm KPMG.Prior to Continuous Improvement, the force had operated with larger response and neighbourhood teams and smaller teams allocated to prisoner handling roles. Community action and priority teams were a new addition to the force's structure under Continuous Improvement.
The core policing teams are:
Community action and priority teams (CAPT)
The 'CAPT' support neighbourhood officers to address local issues and resource demands for service not met by other departments. They can be allocated to neighbourhoods suffering particular issues, for example anti-social behaviour, and are also often public order trained, so are used for policing football matches, demonstrations and similar occasions. As with the investigation teams, the community action and priority teams are supervised by a sergeant, who reports to an inspector.
Key responsibilities of community action and priority teams are as follows:
Supporting neighbourhood teams – Providing specialist support to Neighbourhood Teams for example, conducting drugs warrants or addressing anti-social behaviour.
Addressing local issues – Supporting other front line policing teams and completing tasking as directed by LPU local command teams
Providing support for abstractions – Resourcing abstractions such as football matches, demonstrations and similar incidents so that Neighbourhood officers are able to focus on their beats.
Investigation teams
Officers on investigation teams have three main responsibilities, these being secondary investigation, prisoner handling and attending scheduled appointments with the public. These officers are also responsible for completing prosecution files and other paperwork necessary for taking cases to court. Investigation teams are split into a number of shifts, each supervised by a sergeant, and will have an inspector supervising the sergeants.
Key responsibilities of investigation teams are as follows:
Secondary investigation – Following initial attendance of incidents by Response Team officers, investigations are allocated to investigation teams who conduct any follow up enquiries that are required.
Prisoner handling – Offenders arrested by response and neighbourhood officers are handed to investigation teams who will interview and retain ownership of the investigation up to the point of its conclusion.
Scheduled response – Operating on a diary system, investigation team officers attend pre-booked slots with members of the public who are wanting to report none urgent matters.
Neighbourhood teams
Aligned to specific neighbourhoods, these officers seek to tackle long term issues affecting local areas and attend community meetings. There are 171 neighbourhoods across the West Midlands, and officers assigned to neighbourhood teams are often supported by PCSOs and special constables. It is not uncommon for busier areas, such as town centres, to have several neighbourhood teams such as the St. Matthews beat covering Walsall town centre, which has two teams. Neighbourhood teams usually have a single sergeant who reports to a sector inspector.
Force response
Response officers work in shifts around the clock answering the most urgent calls for service received through the force's call centres. It is not unusual for response officers to work alone and each response shift usually has a number of officers who are authorised to carry Taser. In addition to Taser, some response officers also carry mobile fingerprint ID machines to confirm identities at the roadside. Response officers undergo enhanced driving training and also have a range of other skills required to perform their role including 'method of entry' training so that they can force entry into premises. Many response officers are also public order trained in order to respond to spontaneous disorder should it occur. Response teams are supervised by a number of sergeants and an inspector.
Key responsibilities of response teams are as follows:
Primary investigation – Attending incidents in the first instance, Response officers gather available evidence and record offences. Follow up enquiries are then allocated to the investigation teams.
Missing person enquiries – Response officers conduct investigations into missing persons with a low or medium risk assessment.
Traffic – Officers from response teams attend reported road traffic accidents, sometimes supporting force traffic in the case of serious collisions.
Specialist crime teams
The core policing teams are supported by, and work closely with, a number of specialist crime teams. West Midlands Police had a mounted division which was disbanded in 1999 to divert funds elsewhere. Current specialist crime teams include:
Air operations
Air operations in the force's area have been provided by the National Police Air Service since 2012.
Previously, the Midlands Air Operations Unit was a consortium of West Midlands, Warwickshire, West Mercia and Staffordshire Police based at Birmingham Airport. It operated from July 1987,
until it was replaced by the After experimenting, since the 1970s, with civilian helicopters hired on an occasional basis, West Midlands Police launched their own air unit on 10 May 1989. A WMP helicopter was destroyed by arson in June 2009, while at Birmingham Airport.
Airport policing
The West Midlands Police force area includes Birmingham Airport which is on the Solihull LPU.
The airport has a dedicated airports policing team assigned who work closely with Border Force customs and immigration officers. Officers working at the airport have additional powers under the Terrorism Act 2000 as the airport is "designated" under the terms of the Act and some are armed.
Central Motorway Police Group (CMPG)
West Midlands Police is one of the two police forces who contribute officers to the Central Motorway Police Group, the other being Staffordshire Police. CMPG operate out of three main bases, the main headquarters being under the M6 motorway at Perry Barr at which their central control room and vehicle depot is situated. CMPG also have a regional control centre in Quinton, Birmingham shared with National Highways. Officers attached to CMPG cover a wide geographical area, including in the West Midlands the M6, M54 and A45.
Counter terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM)
Based in Birmingham, the Counter Terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM) is responsible for co-ordinating the force's counter-terrorism activity. CTPWM works under the guidance of the Government's national counter terrorism strategy, CONTEST, with the aims of pursuing terrorists, protecting the public, preparing for a possible attack and preventing terrorism by working in the community to address the causes of terrorist activity.As part of the CTPWM's role in working with the community, its structure includes a Prevent Team which is a group of officers who visit schools, community groups and partner agencies to raise awareness about the work on the unit. Exercises include Act NOW, a tabletop exercise explaining what happens during a counter terrorism operation and WRAP (Workshop to Raise Awareness of Prevent), a presentation aimed at front-line public sector workers and organisations that work with potential victims of radicalisation.
Dog Section
Most dogs in the West Midlands Police Dog Section are products of an in-house breeding program which the force has been running at its Balsall Common training centre since 1994.Specialist search dogs including Springer Spaniels and Labradors are also used by the Dogs Unit to locate drugs or firearms and explosives. Dogs are continually recruited from rescue centres and from members of the public. All specialist dogs are handled by officers who already have a general purpose police dog, giving the handler responsibility in both training and operational deployment.Prior to 2013 there were 69 operational dog handlers working in West Midlands Police, dogs underwent an initial training program lasting twelve weeks. Officers with the Dog Section patrol in specially adapted Skoda patrol vehicles with air conditioned cages capable of carrying up to three dogs in the rear and operate from bases at Aston, Canley and Wednesbury.
Events planning and football
The events planning department has responsibility for co-ordinating large-scale events taking place within the force area and also for ensuring that officers are available should they be required to support other regional forces through mutual aid arrangements. One major responsibility of the department is organising the policing operation for the Autumn political party conferences that are often held at the International Convention Centre in Birmingham. Included within this department also is the Football Unit who coordinate policing of football games within the West Midlands and operate a team of "spotters" to identify violent supporters and banned individuals.The policing of large-scale events such as football matches, VIP visits and public demonstrations can be coordinated from the force's Events Control Suite (ECS) at the Tally Ho facility in Birmingham. The ECS is able to receive live CCTV footage and has computer facilities for the use of partner agencies with whom the suite is shared.
Firearms
West Midlands Police operate a number of armed response vehicles (ARVs) that patrol the region and respond to incidents typically involving guns, knives or dangerous dogs. Officers undertake a ten-week selection process to join the firearms unit with courses being delivered on weapons, tactics and advanced driving.
Alongside attending firearms incidents, officers attached to the firearms unit also provide tactical advice when planning operations and give lectures on firearms awareness to officers and members of the public. The force also has a Firearms Licensing Department which is responsible for the issue of shotgun and firearms certificates to members of the public and explosives certificates to companies requiring them.
Force CID
Detached from the LPUs, Force CID is staffed by officers holding a detective qualification and investigate serious and complicated crimes not taken on by Local CID or other departments. Such offences include murders, serious assaults, blackmail and arson. Force CID is arranged into a series of investigation teams including a dedicated Homicide Unit, working from bases at Harborne and Aston.Working within Force CID are a series of Payback Teams who are responsible for arranging asset seizures and confiscations under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. During 2011 offenders were forced to pay back £6.3M from proceeds of crime, a 39% increase on the previous year.
Force traffic
Based at Park Lane, Chelmsley Wood and Wednesbury, the force traffic unit has responsibility for roads policing on all roads inside the West Midlands other than the motorways which are covered by the Central Motorways Policing Group. Officers from the force traffic unit usually hold advanced driving grades and have access to marked and unmarked vehicles, including BMWs and Audis fitted with evidential video recording equipment. Force Traffic is supported by a Collision Investigation Unit based at Aston Police Station who investigate accidents involving fatalities or life-changing injuries.
Forensic scene investigators (FSI)
Officers are supported by a team of around 100 civilian forensics scene investigators who attend crime scenes and examine seized items to obtain forensic evidence for use in court. Formerly known as scenes of crime officers (SOCO), scene investigators have access to a wide range of specialist equipment to help with their role and alongside gathering forensic samples; they also are responsible for crime scene photography.
Intelligence unit
West Midlands Police has dedicated intelligence cells based on each LPU who collate and disseminate information collected by officers from a range of other sources. This role involves "sanitising" intelligence logs and forwarding them on to relevant persons, receiving information from outside sources such as Crimestoppers, and assisting with the progression of investigations.The intelligence unit is responsible for organising briefing material for officers and police leadership; they also include a covert operations unit, who coordinate undercover policing operations under the terms of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA).
West Midlands Police is a partner alongside Warwickshire Police, West Mercia Police and Staffordshire Police in the Regional Intelligence Unit collaborative working agreement under which information is shared between the forces on serious and organised criminals affecting the West Midlands Region.
Integrated emergency management (IEM)
The Operations Integrated Emergency Management service is responsible for ensuring that the force is ready to respond to major incidents, that business continuity plans are in place and that the force's duty under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 is satisfied. This work includes running exercises and drills to test readiness and working closely with other emergency services and local authorities. As part of the service's work, the force also maintains a number of Casualty Bureau facilities at which calls from the public are taken and collated following a major incident such as a plane crash or terrorist attack.
Local CID
Each LPU has a Local CID team of officers who hold a detective qualification and conduct secondary investigations into serious offences that occur within their area. Offences that fall under the remit of Local CID include burglary of dwellings, personal robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime.
Offender management unit (OMU)
All ten LPUs have an offender management unit (OMU) who work with partner agencies to concentrate on the offenders living on their areas identified as being particularly difficult or damaging. Offenders who fall into this category include those designated as prolific and other priority offenders (PPOs), drug users, violent criminals and young criminals.Officers from the OMU manage their assigned PPOs under two strands. One consists of rehabilitation and resettlement under which partner agencies are involved in an effort to halt re-offending whilst the other consists of catching and convicting offenders who have been identified as not participating in rehabilitation programmes or are wanted for outstanding crimes.
Operational support unit (OSU)
Working from Park Lane the operational support unit is a team of officers specially trained in areas including Public Order policing, method of entry and searching. Officers working with the OSU are typically deployed as part of a "serial" of one sergeant and seven officers and have access to specialist equipment and vehicles including armoured land rovers.
Public protection unit (PPU)
The public protection unit (PPU) investigates reports of sexual assaults and incidents involving children and vulnerable people. PPU is split between adult and child investigations, is responsible for safeguarding and works with partner agencies such as social services and domestic violence charities. As with CID, most officers working in the PPU hold a detective qualification.
Safer travel
The safer travel team is a collaboration between West Midlands Police, the British Transport Police and CENTRO, focusing on criminal activity occurring on the public transport network. The team is composed of officers and PCSOs who patrol trains, buses and trams in the region.
The Partnership, the first of its type in the country, also has access to around 1,000 CCTV cameras which are located at bus, rail and metro stations, park and ride sites and in bus shelters. The dedicated control centre is staffed 24 hours a day to spot and respond to incidents.
Professional standards department (PSD)
Based at Lloyd House, the professional standards department (PSD) is responsible for the recording and assessment of public complaints about police officers, police staff or special constables. PSD also has a role in investigating serious reports of misconduct and corruption involving members of the force.
Members of the public are eligible to make a complaint if the behaviour about which they want to complain was directed towards them, if they were "adversely affected" by said behaviour or if they were an eyewitness to said behaviour. A person is "adversely affected" if they suffer any form of loss or damage, distress or inconvenience, if they are put in danger or are otherwise unduly put at risk of being adversely affected.
PSD work alongside the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), to whom they will refer the most serious allegations.Where appropriate, PSD have a range of outcomes following disciplinary panels, including no action, counselling (management advice), written warning, transfer to another post, withholding increments and dismissal.West Midlands Police recorded 501 complaints for 2018/19, a 36 percent drop in comparison to 2017/18 during which 777 complaints were recorded.
Press Office
Also known as Corporate Communications, the West Midlands Police Press Office is centralised at headquarters and is charged with representing the force's public image. Each LPU has dedicated Territorial Communications officers and in addition to addressing media enquiries, the Press Office also looks after the force's website and publishes the force's internal online newspaper, News Beat.
Social media
West Midlands Police maintains a presence on social media websites including Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube and blogging platforms.Several of the force's social media accounts have won recognition as examples of best practice, including Solihull Police's Twitter feed which came first place in the 2012 Golden Twits' Customer Service category and Inspector Brown's Mark Hanson Digital Media Award 2012 for his mental health blog.
Special constabulary
Officers belonging to the special constabulary have the same powers as full-time officers and are unpaid volunteers, giving a minimum of sixteen hours a month of duty time.After initial training special constables are deployed wearing the same street uniform as other officers. They can be identified as Specials by their collar numbers, which start with 7 and the 'SC' on their epaulettes.
Special constables provide West Midlands Police with around 96,000 hours of voluntary duty each year and usually work alongside regular officers on neighbourhood teams, response teams and also Community Action & Priority Teams.
PEEL inspection
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) conducts a periodic police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy (PEEL) inspection of each police service's performance. In its latest PEEL inspection, West Midlands Police was rated as follows:
Recruitment and training
Applicants to join West Midlands Police as police officers are subject to a staged recruitment process designed to assess their suitability for the role, including background checks, medical and fitness tests.On being accepted to join the force, new recruits undergo an initial training course last eighteen weeks which is non-residential and based mainly in the classroom but with periodic practical exercises and attachments. Performance is assessed by a series of examinations and training includes self-defence lessons and tuition on police computer systems. Following successful completion of initial training, recruits are then tutored on their LPUs for nine weeks before being signed off for independent patrol. They retain their status as student officers for a period of two years from their joining date during which they are required to maintain a record of their development. Upon reaching two years service, student officers are "confirmed" in their rank by a senior officer, usually their LPU commander.
The recruitment process for PCSOs is similar to that of police officers although training periods are reduced.
In November 2018 it emerged that the police force had blocked white male officers from promotion, setting aside half of all promotion slots for women and ethnic minority candidates in seven out of eight of the year's promotion rounds. In the year's final round the force continued to discriminate, by blocking white male applicants for two days. A complaint by the Police Federation union noted that the practice was illegal and condemned it as "not fit for purpose". As a result West Midlands Police "paused" the practice.On 11 June 2020, West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner David Jamieson committed to ensuring that the force recruits 1,000 new Black, Asian and minority ethnic police officers over the following three years to make the force look more like the communities it serves.
Presentation
Police officers working for West Midlands Police wear a wide range of different uniforms, equipment and vehicles dependent on their specific role.
Uniform
Officers' standard street uniform consists of black lightweight zip-up shirts, black trousers and a high visibility protective vest. White shirts were replaced by the black T-shirts in 2010 at a cost of £100,000 but are retained for court and station duties. Officers are issued with fleeces, weatherproof pullovers, fluorescent jackets, high visibility tabards, waterproof over trousers and slash resistant gloves.
Ranks and epaulettes
Shoulder insignia for ranks above police constable are as follows:
West Midlands Police warranted officer ranks
When dressed for public order policing, officers wear coloured epaulettes indicating their respective roles. Bronze commanders wear yellow epaulettes, inspectors wear red epaulettes, sergeants wear white epaulettes, tactical advisors wear blue epaulettes, medics wear green epaulettes and evidence gathering officers have orange epaulettes.
Equipment
As part of standard issue Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), officers carry Sepura TETRA radios, rigid handcuffs, PAVA spray and an extendible friction lock baton. Officers also have access to first aid kits, limb restraints and torches.Traffic units, particularly officers performing collision investigation duties, use laser plotting devices to accurately survey collision sights and carry devices that can be used to measure road friction and deceleration values.
Facilities
As of 2021, there are 11 police stations in the West Midlands Police force area, including Lloyd House in Birmingham, the force headquarters. There are also two custody suites in Birmingham.The NPAS helicopter operates from a base at Birmingham Airport in Solihull.Large scale policing demonstrations such as protest marches and football matches are coordinated from the Events Control Suite (ECS) in Birmingham.Public Order courses are hosted at the regional training centre which consists of a converted aircraft hangar on the RAF Cosford site near Telford. The site has facilities allowing officers to experience riot situations including dealing with 'Emotionally Disturbed Person' scenarios during which they are subject to attacks by role playing actors wielding weapons.West Midlands Police operate a Custody Visiting Scheme under which independent representatives from local communities are able to access detention facilities to observe, comment and report upon the welfare and treatment of detained persons. Visits are conducted at random by volunteers working in pairs who then write a report on the feedback gathered during their visit.In 2017 a joint inspection of the force's custody suites was conducted by HMIC and Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons.
West Midlands Police Federation
The West Midlands Police Federation is a part of the Police Federation of England and Wales, which is the representative body for every police officer below the rank of superintendent. Representatives of the Federation are elected for three year terms and must be serving police officers.Police officers are restricted by their regulations from striking and from taking part in politics, hence the Federation represents their interests and negotiates on their behalf in relation to pay, conditions and pensions.
The Federation is funded by a monthly subscription paid from officers' salaries and provides representation and advice to officers who are subject to disciplinary processes.
West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund
The West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund was set up in 1974 following the amalgamation of local forces to form West Midlands Police. The fund is financed by subscriptions from members and donations and monies are distributed on application to the committee to members suffering financial hardship.
Officers killed in the line of duty
The Police Roll of Honour Trust and Police Memorial Trust list and commemorate all British police officers killed in the line of duty. Since its establishment in 1984, the Police Memorial Trust has erected 50 memorials nationally to some of those officers.
The following officers of West Midlands Police are listed by the trust as having died attempting to prevent, stop or solve a crime:
1975: PC David Christopher Green. Fatally stabbed during an arrest
1984: PC Andrew Stephen Le Comte. Fell from a roof while searching for suspects
1984: PC Colin John Hall. Collapsed attending a disturbance and died
1988: PC Gavin Richard Carlton. Shot by armed robber during a police pursuit
1989: PC Anthony John Salt. Fatally injured by falling on a mechanical digger after getting drunk on duty
2001: PC Malcolm Edward Walker. Fatally injured when his motorcycle was struck during a police pursuit
2004: DC Michael Swindells. Fatally stabbed; posthumously awarded Queen's Gallantry Medal
Notable incidents and investigations
21 November 1974 (1974-11-21): Birmingham Pub Bombings: Twenty one people killed and one hundred and eighty two injured after devices exploded in the Mulberry Bush and Tavern in the Town pubs in Birmingham City Centre. Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, six convicted but later compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
19 October 1978 (1978-10-19): Murder of Carl Bridgewater: Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, four convicted but later released and compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
1989: Review of South Yorkshire Police following the Hillsborough Disaster: Force called in to investigate South Yorkshire officers' conduct after the 1989 stadium crush. West Midlands discovered that South Yorkshire Police had altered 164 witness statements and alleged that they pressured and bullied witnesses to change their statements about the disaster.
July 1996: Wolverhampton machete attack.
2 January 2003 (2003-01-02): Murder of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in a gang-related drive-by machine-gunning.
28 July 2005 (2005-07-28): Birmingham tornado: Officers involved in rescue and recovery operation following a tornado touching down in Sparkbrook.
22 October 2005 (2005-10-22)–23 October 2005 (2005-10-23): Handsworth Riots: Race riots in Handsworth and Lozells on two consecutive nights, following rumours of an alleged gang rape of a teenage black girl by a group of South Asian men. One member of the public died as a result of stab wounds and a police officer was shot and wounded.
2007: Operation Gamble: A plot by British Pakistanis in Birmingham to kidnap and behead a British Muslim soldier. Eight homes and four businesses were raided after an investigation involving intelligence services and other police forces. The investigation led to 9 arrests, 6 of whom were charged.
2010: Papal visit to the United Kingdom: Large policing operation to assist with security measures during Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom which included a mass of Beatification in Cofton Park and dinner at St Mary's College, New Oscott, Sutton Coldfield.
6 August 2011 (2011-08-06)–10 August 2011 (2011-08-10): England Riots: Large scale disorders across England affecting the centres of Birmingham, Wolverhampton and West Bromwich, following the death of Mark Duggan
2012: London Olympic Games: Officers from across the West Midlands were involved in policing events in the region and were deployed on Mutual Aid to help assist other forces.
April - July 2013: Attempted Mosque bombings and murder of Mohammed Saleem.
May 2018 - March 2020: Birmingham bathing cult.
17 June 2020 - 4 December 2021: Murder of Arthur Labinjo-Hughes.
28 July and 8 August 2022: Policing the XXII Commonwealth Games.
See also
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom
Table of police forces in the United Kingdom
West Midlands Fire Service
West Midlands Ambulance Service
References
Further reading
M. Talbot, A Peeler in the Family, 2011.
M. Talbot, Birmingham City Police (1939–1945), 2012.
J. Klein, Invisible Men: The Daily Lives of Police Constable in Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2010.
J. Reilly, Policing Birmingham: An Account of 150 Years of Police in Birmingham, West Midlands Police, 1989.
P. Browning, The Good Guys Wear Blue: One Mans Struggle Policing the Tough Streets of Coventry, Reality Press Ltd, 2007.
External links
Official website
West Midlands Police at HMICFRS
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West Midlands Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England.
The force covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country. In 2020, there were 6,846 officers, 484 police community support officers (PCSO), and 219 volunteer special constables.The force is led by Chief Constable Craig Guildford. The force area is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs), each being served by four core policing teams – Response, Neighbourhood, Investigation and Community Action & Priority (CAPT) – with the support of a number of specialist crime teams. These specialist teams include CID, traffic and a firearms unit.
West Midlands Police is a partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in the Central Motorway Police Group. The force is party to a number of other resource sharing agreements including the National Police Air Service.
History
Regional policing in the West Midlands prior to 1974
Prior to the formation of West Midlands Police as it is known today, the area now covered by the force was served by a total of six smaller constabularies. These constabularies were as follows:
Birmingham City Police 1839–1974: Established in 1839 following an outbreak of Chartist rioting that the Metropolitan Police had to help quell, officers from Birmingham City Police first took to the streets on 20 November of that year. Initially with a strength of 260 officers paid at a rate of 17 shillings a week, the constabulary expanded to keep pace with the growth of the city with the final areas to be added before the force's amalgamation in West Midlands Police being the Hollywood area.
Coventry Police 1836–1974: Formed with the Municipal Corporations Act in 1836, Coventry Police was initially only twenty officers with the support of a single sergeant and one inspector. The force reached a strength of 137 officers by 1914 and continued to grow until in 1969 it was merged with the Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary, part of which it remained until the formation of West Midlands Police.
Dudley Borough Police 1920–1966: Formerly part of the Worcestershire Constabulary, Dudley gained its own police force on 1 April 1920 following a review by His Majesty's Inspector that had suggested previous policing arrangements were unsatisfactory. Dudley Borough Police remained independent until the Royal Commission in 1960 which resulted in its inclusion as part of the newly formed West Midlands Constabulary.
Walsall Borough Police 1832–1966: Moving away from a 'watch' system, Walsall Borough Police were formed on 6 July 1832 with an initial strength of only one superintendent and three constables. As with the other regional forces, Walsall Borough Police expanded with the area's population and in 1852 appointed its first two detectives. The force took on its first female recruits in 1918 and in the 1960s became one of the first forces to issues its officers with personal radios. As with Dudley's police force, Walsall Borough Police became part of the West Midlands Constabulary following the Royal Commission.
West Midlands Constabulary 1966–1974: Lasting only eight years, West Midlands Constabulary was a newly formed force encompassing a number of smaller borough forces including Dudley Borough Police, Walsall Borough Police, Wolverhampton Borough Police and parts of Staffordshire and Worcestershire Constabularies. The creation of the West Midlands Constabulary was the consequence of 1960's Royal Commission into policing.
Wolverhampton Borough Police 1837–1966: The formation of Wolverhampton Borough Police was approved on 3 August 1837 under the condition that the strength of the force not exceed sixteen men. The Police Act 1839 saw Staffordshire County Police taking over policing in Wolverhampton with Wolverhampton Borough Police regaining responsibility for policing the town in 1848. At the turn of the 20th century the force was 109 strong, reaching a highpoint of around 300 before the force became part of the short lived West Midlands Constabulary in 1966.
Establishment of West Midlands Police
West Midlands Police was formed on 1 April 1974, owing to the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 which created the new West Midlands metropolitan county. It was formed by merging the Birmingham City Police, the earlier West Midlands Constabulary, and parts of Staffordshire County and Stoke-on-Trent Constabulary, Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary and West Mercia Constabulary. The first Chief Constable appointed to the new force was Sir Derrick Capper, the last Chief Constable of Birmingham Police.
Controversies and allegations of corruption
Between 1974 and 1989, the force operated the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad. It was disbanded after allegations of endemic misconduct, leading to a series of unsafe convictions. These included allegations that officers had falsified confessions in witness statements, denied suspects access to solicitors and used torture such as "plastic bagging" to partially suffocate suspects in order to extract confessions. They were alleged to have abused payments to informers. A series of around 40 prosecutions failed in the late 1980s as defendants showed that evidence had or may have been tampered with. West Yorkshire Police led an investigation which led to a small number of internal disciplinary proceedings, but did not recommend any prosecutions for lack of evidence. However, over 60 convictions secured from their investigations have now been quashed, including those of the Birmingham Six.West Midlands Police had two serious firearms incidents, in 1980 and 1985. In 1980, David Pagett held his pregnant girlfriend as hostage while resisting arrest by the police. Officers returned fire, and shot her. Police had initially tried to claim that Pagett has shot her, but it became clear that it was police bullets that had caused her death. In 1985, John Shorthouse was arrested by West Midlands police for questioning about armed robberies in South Wales. His house was then searched. His five-year-old son, John, was shot by police searching under the child's bed. An internal inquiry was held, and as a result, use of firearms was restricted to a specialised and trained unit.Allegations of bribery and corruption were made in 1994 by World in Action, an investigative current affairs TV programme. The convicted criminal David Harris alleged that West Midlands police officers had demanded payments of more than £200,000 to keep criminals including himself away from prosecutions. Other allegations from police officers focused on officers attempting to persuade others to accept bribes. The CID was the focus of an investigation by Leicestershire Police at the request of the Police Complaints Authority.
2000s and onwards
Under proposals announced by the then Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, on 6 February 2006, West Midlands Police would have merged with Staffordshire Police, West Mercia Constabulary and Warwickshire Constabulary to form a single strategic force for the West Midlands region.
This, along with a number of other mergers which would have cut the number of forces in England and Wales from 43 to 24, were abandoned in July 2006 after widespread opposition from police and the public.Because of prison overcrowding in October 2006, up to 44 prison cells at Steelhouse Lane police station in Birmingham were made available to house inmates as part of Operation Safeguard and in accordance with an agreement between West Midlands Police and HM Prison Service.In October 2008, the Chief Constable Sir Paul Scott-Lee announced he would not be renewing his contract in May 2009, after seven years in the post. His replacement was Chris Sims.The force attracted controversy in 2010 when Project Champion, a £3 million scheme to install a network of CCTV cameras in the predominantly Muslim areas of Washwood Heath and Sparkbrook, came under fire from local residents and civil rights organisations. A total of 218 cameras had been planned for installation but the project was abandoned following concerns over their legality and objections from residents and local councillors that they had not been consulted by the force.Between April and September 2010, WMP budgets were cut by £3.4 million as part of a programme to reduce spending by £50M over four years. In response to the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review, Chief Constable Sims said WMP would need to reduce spending by up to £123 million over the same period.In 2010, the force implemented regulation A19, requiring officers with 30 or more years service to retire, in response to government funding cuts. The regulation, used by 15 forces to make emergency savings, led to 591 WMP officers being forced to retire. Some of these officers later took WMP to an employment tribunal, alleging age discrimination. In 2014 the tribunal found the regulation to be unlawful. In 2015, 498 former WMP officers were seeking compensation. The ruling was later overturned by the Employment Appeal Tribunal, whose decision was upheld in the Court of Appeal in 2017.Plans to privatise parts of the force were halted by Bob Jones, the force's first Police and Crime Commissioner, upon taking office in 2012.Chief Constable Chris Sims was reappointed to a second three-year term in 2013, then stepped down at the beginning of 2016. He was succeeded by Dave Thompson, who had previously been Deputy Chief Constable.In March 2021, Oliver Banfield, a probationary officer with West Midlands Police, was convicted of assault by beating after using techniques taught in police training to attack a woman while off-duty. Banfield was sentenced to a 14-week curfew and ordered to pay £500 compensation to his victim. Former Leader of the Opposition Harriet Harman described the fact Banfield did not receive a custodial sentence as “proof ... that [the] system fails women and protects men”. After the conviction, the Crown Prosecution Service apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield. In a May 2021 hearing, Banfield was found guilty of gross misconduct and banned from policing for life.A 2021 investigation by Newsnight and The Law Society Gazette found that alleged hate crimes in which the victim was a police officer were significantly more likely to result in a successful prosecution across a number of force areas including the West Midlands. The investigation found that in the year ending March 2020, crimes against police officers and staff constituted 7 percent of hate incidents recorded by West Midlands Police, but resulted in 43 percent of hate crimes convictions. In March 2022, a WMP constable resigned after having been found to have fabricated the death of a partner in order to receive bereavement leave and other benefits; Chief Constable Thompson said the officer would have been dismissed for gross misconduct had he not resigned.
Leadership and performance
As of 2018, West Midlands Police was smaller than at any previous time in its history, having lost nearly 2,300 officers since 2010. Government funding for West Midlands Police fell by £145M since 2010. In 2018, Chief Constable Dave Thompson said that falling numbers of police officers due to funding cuts, and a "wider spread of crime", prevented the police doing everything the public want or expect of them.
Leadership
The current chief constable is Craig Guildford, and the deputy chief constable is Vanessa Jardine.
Chief constables
Sir Derrick Capper (1974–1975)
Philip Knights (1975–1985)
Sir Geoffrey Dear (1985–1990)
Sir Ron Hadfield (1990–1996)
Sir Edward Crewe (1996–2002)
Sir Paul Scott-Lee (2002–2009)
Chris Sims (1 June 2009 – January 2016)
Sir Dave Thompson (January 2016 – December 2022)
Craig Guildford (December 2022 – present)
Police and Crime Commissioner
The West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), established in 2012 as one of several directly-elected police and crime commissioners is responsible for oversight and accountability for WMP and appoints the chief constable. As of 2021, the current PCC is Simon Foster.The West Midlands PCC replaces the West Midlands Police Authority, which was founded in 1996. Before it was replaced, the chair of the West Midlands Police Authority was Bishop Dr Derek Webley, of the New Testament Church of God in Handsworth, the first non-politician member of Authority to be elected chair, and the first African Caribbean chair of any police authority in the United Kingdom.
Crime statistics and budget
The following table shows the percentage of cases resulting in a criminal charge or court summons in West Midlands Police's jurisdiction, by offence group, for the period from April 2020 to March 2021:
Dave Thompson stated that unforeseen pensions expenses of £8.6M in 2019 and £13.9M in 2020, from a budget of £514M cost roughly as much as 500 officers and would lower the total number of officers to 6,000, contrasted with 8,600 in 2010. Thompson added, “There is no question there will be more obvious rationing of services. The public can already see it is going on. We are already not pursuing crimes where we could find a suspect. We are doing things now that surprise me. We are struggling to deliver a service to the public. I think criminals are well aware now how stretched we are. These further cuts will leave us smaller than we have ever been. There is unquestionably more demand than there was in 1974.”In the 2021/22 financial year, West Midlands Police's budget was £655.6M, an increase from £619.7M in 2020/21.
Structure and departments
West Midlands Police covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country.
As of September 2020, the force has 6,846 police officers, 219 special constables, and 467 police community support officers (PCSO), 165 police support volunteers (PSV), and 3,704 staff.
In 2019, 10.9% of officers were from a BAME background, compared with 8.5% in 2014.
Local Policing Units
The area covered by West Midlands Police is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs). Each LPU is headed by a chief superintendent, responsible for the overall policing and management of the area, supported by a Local Command Team (LCT) composed of a varying number of superintendents and chief inspectors.Each LPU has a number of dedicated Neighbourhood Policing teams. These cover a specific area and are headed by a sergeant with support from a number of police officers, PCSOs and sometimes special constables. The force operates a number of police stations.
Core policing teams
West Midlands Police is structured in such a way that there are four key teams in each LPU who have the responsibility for dealing with everyday policing duties. The force's current structure was gradually introduced over the past two years with the Solihull and Birmingham South LPUs being the first area to see the change in June 2011, and the Walsall LPU being the last in January 2013. The structural change was introduced as part of the force's 'Continuous Improvement' programme with the ambition of working in a more cost effective and efficient manner and was overseen under the advice of accounting firm KPMG.Prior to Continuous Improvement, the force had operated with larger response and neighbourhood teams and smaller teams allocated to prisoner handling roles. Community action and priority teams were a new addition to the force's structure under Continuous Improvement.
The core policing teams are:
Community action and priority teams (CAPT)
The 'CAPT' support neighbourhood officers to address local issues and resource demands for service not met by other departments. They can be allocated to neighbourhoods suffering particular issues, for example anti-social behaviour, and are also often public order trained, so are used for policing football matches, demonstrations and similar occasions. As with the investigation teams, the community action and priority teams are supervised by a sergeant, who reports to an inspector.
Key responsibilities of community action and priority teams are as follows:
Supporting neighbourhood teams – Providing specialist support to Neighbourhood Teams for example, conducting drugs warrants or addressing anti-social behaviour.
Addressing local issues – Supporting other front line policing teams and completing tasking as directed by LPU local command teams
Providing support for abstractions – Resourcing abstractions such as football matches, demonstrations and similar incidents so that Neighbourhood officers are able to focus on their beats.
Investigation teams
Officers on investigation teams have three main responsibilities, these being secondary investigation, prisoner handling and attending scheduled appointments with the public. These officers are also responsible for completing prosecution files and other paperwork necessary for taking cases to court. Investigation teams are split into a number of shifts, each supervised by a sergeant, and will have an inspector supervising the sergeants.
Key responsibilities of investigation teams are as follows:
Secondary investigation – Following initial attendance of incidents by Response Team officers, investigations are allocated to investigation teams who conduct any follow up enquiries that are required.
Prisoner handling – Offenders arrested by response and neighbourhood officers are handed to investigation teams who will interview and retain ownership of the investigation up to the point of its conclusion.
Scheduled response – Operating on a diary system, investigation team officers attend pre-booked slots with members of the public who are wanting to report none urgent matters.
Neighbourhood teams
Aligned to specific neighbourhoods, these officers seek to tackle long term issues affecting local areas and attend community meetings. There are 171 neighbourhoods across the West Midlands, and officers assigned to neighbourhood teams are often supported by PCSOs and special constables. It is not uncommon for busier areas, such as town centres, to have several neighbourhood teams such as the St. Matthews beat covering Walsall town centre, which has two teams. Neighbourhood teams usually have a single sergeant who reports to a sector inspector.
Force response
Response officers work in shifts around the clock answering the most urgent calls for service received through the force's call centres. It is not unusual for response officers to work alone and each response shift usually has a number of officers who are authorised to carry Taser. In addition to Taser, some response officers also carry mobile fingerprint ID machines to confirm identities at the roadside. Response officers undergo enhanced driving training and also have a range of other skills required to perform their role including 'method of entry' training so that they can force entry into premises. Many response officers are also public order trained in order to respond to spontaneous disorder should it occur. Response teams are supervised by a number of sergeants and an inspector.
Key responsibilities of response teams are as follows:
Primary investigation – Attending incidents in the first instance, Response officers gather available evidence and record offences. Follow up enquiries are then allocated to the investigation teams.
Missing person enquiries – Response officers conduct investigations into missing persons with a low or medium risk assessment.
Traffic – Officers from response teams attend reported road traffic accidents, sometimes supporting force traffic in the case of serious collisions.
Specialist crime teams
The core policing teams are supported by, and work closely with, a number of specialist crime teams. West Midlands Police had a mounted division which was disbanded in 1999 to divert funds elsewhere. Current specialist crime teams include:
Air operations
Air operations in the force's area have been provided by the National Police Air Service since 2012.
Previously, the Midlands Air Operations Unit was a consortium of West Midlands, Warwickshire, West Mercia and Staffordshire Police based at Birmingham Airport. It operated from July 1987,
until it was replaced by the After experimenting, since the 1970s, with civilian helicopters hired on an occasional basis, West Midlands Police launched their own air unit on 10 May 1989. A WMP helicopter was destroyed by arson in June 2009, while at Birmingham Airport.
Airport policing
The West Midlands Police force area includes Birmingham Airport which is on the Solihull LPU.
The airport has a dedicated airports policing team assigned who work closely with Border Force customs and immigration officers. Officers working at the airport have additional powers under the Terrorism Act 2000 as the airport is "designated" under the terms of the Act and some are armed.
Central Motorway Police Group (CMPG)
West Midlands Police is one of the two police forces who contribute officers to the Central Motorway Police Group, the other being Staffordshire Police. CMPG operate out of three main bases, the main headquarters being under the M6 motorway at Perry Barr at which their central control room and vehicle depot is situated. CMPG also have a regional control centre in Quinton, Birmingham shared with National Highways. Officers attached to CMPG cover a wide geographical area, including in the West Midlands the M6, M54 and A45.
Counter terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM)
Based in Birmingham, the Counter Terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM) is responsible for co-ordinating the force's counter-terrorism activity. CTPWM works under the guidance of the Government's national counter terrorism strategy, CONTEST, with the aims of pursuing terrorists, protecting the public, preparing for a possible attack and preventing terrorism by working in the community to address the causes of terrorist activity.As part of the CTPWM's role in working with the community, its structure includes a Prevent Team which is a group of officers who visit schools, community groups and partner agencies to raise awareness about the work on the unit. Exercises include Act NOW, a tabletop exercise explaining what happens during a counter terrorism operation and WRAP (Workshop to Raise Awareness of Prevent), a presentation aimed at front-line public sector workers and organisations that work with potential victims of radicalisation.
Dog Section
Most dogs in the West Midlands Police Dog Section are products of an in-house breeding program which the force has been running at its Balsall Common training centre since 1994.Specialist search dogs including Springer Spaniels and Labradors are also used by the Dogs Unit to locate drugs or firearms and explosives. Dogs are continually recruited from rescue centres and from members of the public. All specialist dogs are handled by officers who already have a general purpose police dog, giving the handler responsibility in both training and operational deployment.Prior to 2013 there were 69 operational dog handlers working in West Midlands Police, dogs underwent an initial training program lasting twelve weeks. Officers with the Dog Section patrol in specially adapted Skoda patrol vehicles with air conditioned cages capable of carrying up to three dogs in the rear and operate from bases at Aston, Canley and Wednesbury.
Events planning and football
The events planning department has responsibility for co-ordinating large-scale events taking place within the force area and also for ensuring that officers are available should they be required to support other regional forces through mutual aid arrangements. One major responsibility of the department is organising the policing operation for the Autumn political party conferences that are often held at the International Convention Centre in Birmingham. Included within this department also is the Football Unit who coordinate policing of football games within the West Midlands and operate a team of "spotters" to identify violent supporters and banned individuals.The policing of large-scale events such as football matches, VIP visits and public demonstrations can be coordinated from the force's Events Control Suite (ECS) at the Tally Ho facility in Birmingham. The ECS is able to receive live CCTV footage and has computer facilities for the use of partner agencies with whom the suite is shared.
Firearms
West Midlands Police operate a number of armed response vehicles (ARVs) that patrol the region and respond to incidents typically involving guns, knives or dangerous dogs. Officers undertake a ten-week selection process to join the firearms unit with courses being delivered on weapons, tactics and advanced driving.
Alongside attending firearms incidents, officers attached to the firearms unit also provide tactical advice when planning operations and give lectures on firearms awareness to officers and members of the public. The force also has a Firearms Licensing Department which is responsible for the issue of shotgun and firearms certificates to members of the public and explosives certificates to companies requiring them.
Force CID
Detached from the LPUs, Force CID is staffed by officers holding a detective qualification and investigate serious and complicated crimes not taken on by Local CID or other departments. Such offences include murders, serious assaults, blackmail and arson. Force CID is arranged into a series of investigation teams including a dedicated Homicide Unit, working from bases at Harborne and Aston.Working within Force CID are a series of Payback Teams who are responsible for arranging asset seizures and confiscations under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. During 2011 offenders were forced to pay back £6.3M from proceeds of crime, a 39% increase on the previous year.
Force traffic
Based at Park Lane, Chelmsley Wood and Wednesbury, the force traffic unit has responsibility for roads policing on all roads inside the West Midlands other than the motorways which are covered by the Central Motorways Policing Group. Officers from the force traffic unit usually hold advanced driving grades and have access to marked and unmarked vehicles, including BMWs and Audis fitted with evidential video recording equipment. Force Traffic is supported by a Collision Investigation Unit based at Aston Police Station who investigate accidents involving fatalities or life-changing injuries.
Forensic scene investigators (FSI)
Officers are supported by a team of around 100 civilian forensics scene investigators who attend crime scenes and examine seized items to obtain forensic evidence for use in court. Formerly known as scenes of crime officers (SOCO), scene investigators have access to a wide range of specialist equipment to help with their role and alongside gathering forensic samples; they also are responsible for crime scene photography.
Intelligence unit
West Midlands Police has dedicated intelligence cells based on each LPU who collate and disseminate information collected by officers from a range of other sources. This role involves "sanitising" intelligence logs and forwarding them on to relevant persons, receiving information from outside sources such as Crimestoppers, and assisting with the progression of investigations.The intelligence unit is responsible for organising briefing material for officers and police leadership; they also include a covert operations unit, who coordinate undercover policing operations under the terms of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA).
West Midlands Police is a partner alongside Warwickshire Police, West Mercia Police and Staffordshire Police in the Regional Intelligence Unit collaborative working agreement under which information is shared between the forces on serious and organised criminals affecting the West Midlands Region.
Integrated emergency management (IEM)
The Operations Integrated Emergency Management service is responsible for ensuring that the force is ready to respond to major incidents, that business continuity plans are in place and that the force's duty under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 is satisfied. This work includes running exercises and drills to test readiness and working closely with other emergency services and local authorities. As part of the service's work, the force also maintains a number of Casualty Bureau facilities at which calls from the public are taken and collated following a major incident such as a plane crash or terrorist attack.
Local CID
Each LPU has a Local CID team of officers who hold a detective qualification and conduct secondary investigations into serious offences that occur within their area. Offences that fall under the remit of Local CID include burglary of dwellings, personal robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime.
Offender management unit (OMU)
All ten LPUs have an offender management unit (OMU) who work with partner agencies to concentrate on the offenders living on their areas identified as being particularly difficult or damaging. Offenders who fall into this category include those designated as prolific and other priority offenders (PPOs), drug users, violent criminals and young criminals.Officers from the OMU manage their assigned PPOs under two strands. One consists of rehabilitation and resettlement under which partner agencies are involved in an effort to halt re-offending whilst the other consists of catching and convicting offenders who have been identified as not participating in rehabilitation programmes or are wanted for outstanding crimes.
Operational support unit (OSU)
Working from Park Lane the operational support unit is a team of officers specially trained in areas including Public Order policing, method of entry and searching. Officers working with the OSU are typically deployed as part of a "serial" of one sergeant and seven officers and have access to specialist equipment and vehicles including armoured land rovers.
Public protection unit (PPU)
The public protection unit (PPU) investigates reports of sexual assaults and incidents involving children and vulnerable people. PPU is split between adult and child investigations, is responsible for safeguarding and works with partner agencies such as social services and domestic violence charities. As with CID, most officers working in the PPU hold a detective qualification.
Safer travel
The safer travel team is a collaboration between West Midlands Police, the British Transport Police and CENTRO, focusing on criminal activity occurring on the public transport network. The team is composed of officers and PCSOs who patrol trains, buses and trams in the region.
The Partnership, the first of its type in the country, also has access to around 1,000 CCTV cameras which are located at bus, rail and metro stations, park and ride sites and in bus shelters. The dedicated control centre is staffed 24 hours a day to spot and respond to incidents.
Professional standards department (PSD)
Based at Lloyd House, the professional standards department (PSD) is responsible for the recording and assessment of public complaints about police officers, police staff or special constables. PSD also has a role in investigating serious reports of misconduct and corruption involving members of the force.
Members of the public are eligible to make a complaint if the behaviour about which they want to complain was directed towards them, if they were "adversely affected" by said behaviour or if they were an eyewitness to said behaviour. A person is "adversely affected" if they suffer any form of loss or damage, distress or inconvenience, if they are put in danger or are otherwise unduly put at risk of being adversely affected.
PSD work alongside the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), to whom they will refer the most serious allegations.Where appropriate, PSD have a range of outcomes following disciplinary panels, including no action, counselling (management advice), written warning, transfer to another post, withholding increments and dismissal.West Midlands Police recorded 501 complaints for 2018/19, a 36 percent drop in comparison to 2017/18 during which 777 complaints were recorded.
Press Office
Also known as Corporate Communications, the West Midlands Police Press Office is centralised at headquarters and is charged with representing the force's public image. Each LPU has dedicated Territorial Communications officers and in addition to addressing media enquiries, the Press Office also looks after the force's website and publishes the force's internal online newspaper, News Beat.
Social media
West Midlands Police maintains a presence on social media websites including Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube and blogging platforms.Several of the force's social media accounts have won recognition as examples of best practice, including Solihull Police's Twitter feed which came first place in the 2012 Golden Twits' Customer Service category and Inspector Brown's Mark Hanson Digital Media Award 2012 for his mental health blog.
Special constabulary
Officers belonging to the special constabulary have the same powers as full-time officers and are unpaid volunteers, giving a minimum of sixteen hours a month of duty time.After initial training special constables are deployed wearing the same street uniform as other officers. They can be identified as Specials by their collar numbers, which start with 7 and the 'SC' on their epaulettes.
Special constables provide West Midlands Police with around 96,000 hours of voluntary duty each year and usually work alongside regular officers on neighbourhood teams, response teams and also Community Action & Priority Teams.
PEEL inspection
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) conducts a periodic police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy (PEEL) inspection of each police service's performance. In its latest PEEL inspection, West Midlands Police was rated as follows:
Recruitment and training
Applicants to join West Midlands Police as police officers are subject to a staged recruitment process designed to assess their suitability for the role, including background checks, medical and fitness tests.On being accepted to join the force, new recruits undergo an initial training course last eighteen weeks which is non-residential and based mainly in the classroom but with periodic practical exercises and attachments. Performance is assessed by a series of examinations and training includes self-defence lessons and tuition on police computer systems. Following successful completion of initial training, recruits are then tutored on their LPUs for nine weeks before being signed off for independent patrol. They retain their status as student officers for a period of two years from their joining date during which they are required to maintain a record of their development. Upon reaching two years service, student officers are "confirmed" in their rank by a senior officer, usually their LPU commander.
The recruitment process for PCSOs is similar to that of police officers although training periods are reduced.
In November 2018 it emerged that the police force had blocked white male officers from promotion, setting aside half of all promotion slots for women and ethnic minority candidates in seven out of eight of the year's promotion rounds. In the year's final round the force continued to discriminate, by blocking white male applicants for two days. A complaint by the Police Federation union noted that the practice was illegal and condemned it as "not fit for purpose". As a result West Midlands Police "paused" the practice.On 11 June 2020, West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner David Jamieson committed to ensuring that the force recruits 1,000 new Black, Asian and minority ethnic police officers over the following three years to make the force look more like the communities it serves.
Presentation
Police officers working for West Midlands Police wear a wide range of different uniforms, equipment and vehicles dependent on their specific role.
Uniform
Officers' standard street uniform consists of black lightweight zip-up shirts, black trousers and a high visibility protective vest. White shirts were replaced by the black T-shirts in 2010 at a cost of £100,000 but are retained for court and station duties. Officers are issued with fleeces, weatherproof pullovers, fluorescent jackets, high visibility tabards, waterproof over trousers and slash resistant gloves.
Ranks and epaulettes
Shoulder insignia for ranks above police constable are as follows:
West Midlands Police warranted officer ranks
When dressed for public order policing, officers wear coloured epaulettes indicating their respective roles. Bronze commanders wear yellow epaulettes, inspectors wear red epaulettes, sergeants wear white epaulettes, tactical advisors wear blue epaulettes, medics wear green epaulettes and evidence gathering officers have orange epaulettes.
Equipment
As part of standard issue Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), officers carry Sepura TETRA radios, rigid handcuffs, PAVA spray and an extendible friction lock baton. Officers also have access to first aid kits, limb restraints and torches.Traffic units, particularly officers performing collision investigation duties, use laser plotting devices to accurately survey collision sights and carry devices that can be used to measure road friction and deceleration values.
Facilities
As of 2021, there are 11 police stations in the West Midlands Police force area, including Lloyd House in Birmingham, the force headquarters. There are also two custody suites in Birmingham.The NPAS helicopter operates from a base at Birmingham Airport in Solihull.Large scale policing demonstrations such as protest marches and football matches are coordinated from the Events Control Suite (ECS) in Birmingham.Public Order courses are hosted at the regional training centre which consists of a converted aircraft hangar on the RAF Cosford site near Telford. The site has facilities allowing officers to experience riot situations including dealing with 'Emotionally Disturbed Person' scenarios during which they are subject to attacks by role playing actors wielding weapons.West Midlands Police operate a Custody Visiting Scheme under which independent representatives from local communities are able to access detention facilities to observe, comment and report upon the welfare and treatment of detained persons. Visits are conducted at random by volunteers working in pairs who then write a report on the feedback gathered during their visit.In 2017 a joint inspection of the force's custody suites was conducted by HMIC and Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons.
West Midlands Police Federation
The West Midlands Police Federation is a part of the Police Federation of England and Wales, which is the representative body for every police officer below the rank of superintendent. Representatives of the Federation are elected for three year terms and must be serving police officers.Police officers are restricted by their regulations from striking and from taking part in politics, hence the Federation represents their interests and negotiates on their behalf in relation to pay, conditions and pensions.
The Federation is funded by a monthly subscription paid from officers' salaries and provides representation and advice to officers who are subject to disciplinary processes.
West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund
The West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund was set up in 1974 following the amalgamation of local forces to form West Midlands Police. The fund is financed by subscriptions from members and donations and monies are distributed on application to the committee to members suffering financial hardship.
Officers killed in the line of duty
The Police Roll of Honour Trust and Police Memorial Trust list and commemorate all British police officers killed in the line of duty. Since its establishment in 1984, the Police Memorial Trust has erected 50 memorials nationally to some of those officers.
The following officers of West Midlands Police are listed by the trust as having died attempting to prevent, stop or solve a crime:
1975: PC David Christopher Green. Fatally stabbed during an arrest
1984: PC Andrew Stephen Le Comte. Fell from a roof while searching for suspects
1984: PC Colin John Hall. Collapsed attending a disturbance and died
1988: PC Gavin Richard Carlton. Shot by armed robber during a police pursuit
1989: PC Anthony John Salt. Fatally injured by falling on a mechanical digger after getting drunk on duty
2001: PC Malcolm Edward Walker. Fatally injured when his motorcycle was struck during a police pursuit
2004: DC Michael Swindells. Fatally stabbed; posthumously awarded Queen's Gallantry Medal
Notable incidents and investigations
21 November 1974 (1974-11-21): Birmingham Pub Bombings: Twenty one people killed and one hundred and eighty two injured after devices exploded in the Mulberry Bush and Tavern in the Town pubs in Birmingham City Centre. Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, six convicted but later compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
19 October 1978 (1978-10-19): Murder of Carl Bridgewater: Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, four convicted but later released and compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
1989: Review of South Yorkshire Police following the Hillsborough Disaster: Force called in to investigate South Yorkshire officers' conduct after the 1989 stadium crush. West Midlands discovered that South Yorkshire Police had altered 164 witness statements and alleged that they pressured and bullied witnesses to change their statements about the disaster.
July 1996: Wolverhampton machete attack.
2 January 2003 (2003-01-02): Murder of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in a gang-related drive-by machine-gunning.
28 July 2005 (2005-07-28): Birmingham tornado: Officers involved in rescue and recovery operation following a tornado touching down in Sparkbrook.
22 October 2005 (2005-10-22)–23 October 2005 (2005-10-23): Handsworth Riots: Race riots in Handsworth and Lozells on two consecutive nights, following rumours of an alleged gang rape of a teenage black girl by a group of South Asian men. One member of the public died as a result of stab wounds and a police officer was shot and wounded.
2007: Operation Gamble: A plot by British Pakistanis in Birmingham to kidnap and behead a British Muslim soldier. Eight homes and four businesses were raided after an investigation involving intelligence services and other police forces. The investigation led to 9 arrests, 6 of whom were charged.
2010: Papal visit to the United Kingdom: Large policing operation to assist with security measures during Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom which included a mass of Beatification in Cofton Park and dinner at St Mary's College, New Oscott, Sutton Coldfield.
6 August 2011 (2011-08-06)–10 August 2011 (2011-08-10): England Riots: Large scale disorders across England affecting the centres of Birmingham, Wolverhampton and West Bromwich, following the death of Mark Duggan
2012: London Olympic Games: Officers from across the West Midlands were involved in policing events in the region and were deployed on Mutual Aid to help assist other forces.
April - July 2013: Attempted Mosque bombings and murder of Mohammed Saleem.
May 2018 - March 2020: Birmingham bathing cult.
17 June 2020 - 4 December 2021: Murder of Arthur Labinjo-Hughes.
28 July and 8 August 2022: Policing the XXII Commonwealth Games.
See also
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom
Table of police forces in the United Kingdom
West Midlands Fire Service
West Midlands Ambulance Service
References
Further reading
M. Talbot, A Peeler in the Family, 2011.
M. Talbot, Birmingham City Police (1939–1945), 2012.
J. Klein, Invisible Men: The Daily Lives of Police Constable in Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2010.
J. Reilly, Policing Birmingham: An Account of 150 Years of Police in Birmingham, West Midlands Police, 1989.
P. Browning, The Good Guys Wear Blue: One Mans Struggle Policing the Tough Streets of Coventry, Reality Press Ltd, 2007.
External links
Official website
West Midlands Police at HMICFRS
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West Midlands Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England.
The force covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country. In 2020, there were 6,846 officers, 484 police community support officers (PCSO), and 219 volunteer special constables.The force is led by Chief Constable Craig Guildford. The force area is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs), each being served by four core policing teams – Response, Neighbourhood, Investigation and Community Action & Priority (CAPT) – with the support of a number of specialist crime teams. These specialist teams include CID, traffic and a firearms unit.
West Midlands Police is a partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in the Central Motorway Police Group. The force is party to a number of other resource sharing agreements including the National Police Air Service.
History
Regional policing in the West Midlands prior to 1974
Prior to the formation of West Midlands Police as it is known today, the area now covered by the force was served by a total of six smaller constabularies. These constabularies were as follows:
Birmingham City Police 1839–1974: Established in 1839 following an outbreak of Chartist rioting that the Metropolitan Police had to help quell, officers from Birmingham City Police first took to the streets on 20 November of that year. Initially with a strength of 260 officers paid at a rate of 17 shillings a week, the constabulary expanded to keep pace with the growth of the city with the final areas to be added before the force's amalgamation in West Midlands Police being the Hollywood area.
Coventry Police 1836–1974: Formed with the Municipal Corporations Act in 1836, Coventry Police was initially only twenty officers with the support of a single sergeant and one inspector. The force reached a strength of 137 officers by 1914 and continued to grow until in 1969 it was merged with the Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary, part of which it remained until the formation of West Midlands Police.
Dudley Borough Police 1920–1966: Formerly part of the Worcestershire Constabulary, Dudley gained its own police force on 1 April 1920 following a review by His Majesty's Inspector that had suggested previous policing arrangements were unsatisfactory. Dudley Borough Police remained independent until the Royal Commission in 1960 which resulted in its inclusion as part of the newly formed West Midlands Constabulary.
Walsall Borough Police 1832–1966: Moving away from a 'watch' system, Walsall Borough Police were formed on 6 July 1832 with an initial strength of only one superintendent and three constables. As with the other regional forces, Walsall Borough Police expanded with the area's population and in 1852 appointed its first two detectives. The force took on its first female recruits in 1918 and in the 1960s became one of the first forces to issues its officers with personal radios. As with Dudley's police force, Walsall Borough Police became part of the West Midlands Constabulary following the Royal Commission.
West Midlands Constabulary 1966–1974: Lasting only eight years, West Midlands Constabulary was a newly formed force encompassing a number of smaller borough forces including Dudley Borough Police, Walsall Borough Police, Wolverhampton Borough Police and parts of Staffordshire and Worcestershire Constabularies. The creation of the West Midlands Constabulary was the consequence of 1960's Royal Commission into policing.
Wolverhampton Borough Police 1837–1966: The formation of Wolverhampton Borough Police was approved on 3 August 1837 under the condition that the strength of the force not exceed sixteen men. The Police Act 1839 saw Staffordshire County Police taking over policing in Wolverhampton with Wolverhampton Borough Police regaining responsibility for policing the town in 1848. At the turn of the 20th century the force was 109 strong, reaching a highpoint of around 300 before the force became part of the short lived West Midlands Constabulary in 1966.
Establishment of West Midlands Police
West Midlands Police was formed on 1 April 1974, owing to the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 which created the new West Midlands metropolitan county. It was formed by merging the Birmingham City Police, the earlier West Midlands Constabulary, and parts of Staffordshire County and Stoke-on-Trent Constabulary, Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary and West Mercia Constabulary. The first Chief Constable appointed to the new force was Sir Derrick Capper, the last Chief Constable of Birmingham Police.
Controversies and allegations of corruption
Between 1974 and 1989, the force operated the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad. It was disbanded after allegations of endemic misconduct, leading to a series of unsafe convictions. These included allegations that officers had falsified confessions in witness statements, denied suspects access to solicitors and used torture such as "plastic bagging" to partially suffocate suspects in order to extract confessions. They were alleged to have abused payments to informers. A series of around 40 prosecutions failed in the late 1980s as defendants showed that evidence had or may have been tampered with. West Yorkshire Police led an investigation which led to a small number of internal disciplinary proceedings, but did not recommend any prosecutions for lack of evidence. However, over 60 convictions secured from their investigations have now been quashed, including those of the Birmingham Six.West Midlands Police had two serious firearms incidents, in 1980 and 1985. In 1980, David Pagett held his pregnant girlfriend as hostage while resisting arrest by the police. Officers returned fire, and shot her. Police had initially tried to claim that Pagett has shot her, but it became clear that it was police bullets that had caused her death. In 1985, John Shorthouse was arrested by West Midlands police for questioning about armed robberies in South Wales. His house was then searched. His five-year-old son, John, was shot by police searching under the child's bed. An internal inquiry was held, and as a result, use of firearms was restricted to a specialised and trained unit.Allegations of bribery and corruption were made in 1994 by World in Action, an investigative current affairs TV programme. The convicted criminal David Harris alleged that West Midlands police officers had demanded payments of more than £200,000 to keep criminals including himself away from prosecutions. Other allegations from police officers focused on officers attempting to persuade others to accept bribes. The CID was the focus of an investigation by Leicestershire Police at the request of the Police Complaints Authority.
2000s and onwards
Under proposals announced by the then Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, on 6 February 2006, West Midlands Police would have merged with Staffordshire Police, West Mercia Constabulary and Warwickshire Constabulary to form a single strategic force for the West Midlands region.
This, along with a number of other mergers which would have cut the number of forces in England and Wales from 43 to 24, were abandoned in July 2006 after widespread opposition from police and the public.Because of prison overcrowding in October 2006, up to 44 prison cells at Steelhouse Lane police station in Birmingham were made available to house inmates as part of Operation Safeguard and in accordance with an agreement between West Midlands Police and HM Prison Service.In October 2008, the Chief Constable Sir Paul Scott-Lee announced he would not be renewing his contract in May 2009, after seven years in the post. His replacement was Chris Sims.The force attracted controversy in 2010 when Project Champion, a £3 million scheme to install a network of CCTV cameras in the predominantly Muslim areas of Washwood Heath and Sparkbrook, came under fire from local residents and civil rights organisations. A total of 218 cameras had been planned for installation but the project was abandoned following concerns over their legality and objections from residents and local councillors that they had not been consulted by the force.Between April and September 2010, WMP budgets were cut by £3.4 million as part of a programme to reduce spending by £50M over four years. In response to the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review, Chief Constable Sims said WMP would need to reduce spending by up to £123 million over the same period.In 2010, the force implemented regulation A19, requiring officers with 30 or more years service to retire, in response to government funding cuts. The regulation, used by 15 forces to make emergency savings, led to 591 WMP officers being forced to retire. Some of these officers later took WMP to an employment tribunal, alleging age discrimination. In 2014 the tribunal found the regulation to be unlawful. In 2015, 498 former WMP officers were seeking compensation. The ruling was later overturned by the Employment Appeal Tribunal, whose decision was upheld in the Court of Appeal in 2017.Plans to privatise parts of the force were halted by Bob Jones, the force's first Police and Crime Commissioner, upon taking office in 2012.Chief Constable Chris Sims was reappointed to a second three-year term in 2013, then stepped down at the beginning of 2016. He was succeeded by Dave Thompson, who had previously been Deputy Chief Constable.In March 2021, Oliver Banfield, a probationary officer with West Midlands Police, was convicted of assault by beating after using techniques taught in police training to attack a woman while off-duty. Banfield was sentenced to a 14-week curfew and ordered to pay £500 compensation to his victim. Former Leader of the Opposition Harriet Harman described the fact Banfield did not receive a custodial sentence as “proof ... that [the] system fails women and protects men”. After the conviction, the Crown Prosecution Service apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield. In a May 2021 hearing, Banfield was found guilty of gross misconduct and banned from policing for life.A 2021 investigation by Newsnight and The Law Society Gazette found that alleged hate crimes in which the victim was a police officer were significantly more likely to result in a successful prosecution across a number of force areas including the West Midlands. The investigation found that in the year ending March 2020, crimes against police officers and staff constituted 7 percent of hate incidents recorded by West Midlands Police, but resulted in 43 percent of hate crimes convictions. In March 2022, a WMP constable resigned after having been found to have fabricated the death of a partner in order to receive bereavement leave and other benefits; Chief Constable Thompson said the officer would have been dismissed for gross misconduct had he not resigned.
Leadership and performance
As of 2018, West Midlands Police was smaller than at any previous time in its history, having lost nearly 2,300 officers since 2010. Government funding for West Midlands Police fell by £145M since 2010. In 2018, Chief Constable Dave Thompson said that falling numbers of police officers due to funding cuts, and a "wider spread of crime", prevented the police doing everything the public want or expect of them.
Leadership
The current chief constable is Craig Guildford, and the deputy chief constable is Vanessa Jardine.
Chief constables
Sir Derrick Capper (1974–1975)
Philip Knights (1975–1985)
Sir Geoffrey Dear (1985–1990)
Sir Ron Hadfield (1990–1996)
Sir Edward Crewe (1996–2002)
Sir Paul Scott-Lee (2002–2009)
Chris Sims (1 June 2009 – January 2016)
Sir Dave Thompson (January 2016 – December 2022)
Craig Guildford (December 2022 – present)
Police and Crime Commissioner
The West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), established in 2012 as one of several directly-elected police and crime commissioners is responsible for oversight and accountability for WMP and appoints the chief constable. As of 2021, the current PCC is Simon Foster.The West Midlands PCC replaces the West Midlands Police Authority, which was founded in 1996. Before it was replaced, the chair of the West Midlands Police Authority was Bishop Dr Derek Webley, of the New Testament Church of God in Handsworth, the first non-politician member of Authority to be elected chair, and the first African Caribbean chair of any police authority in the United Kingdom.
Crime statistics and budget
The following table shows the percentage of cases resulting in a criminal charge or court summons in West Midlands Police's jurisdiction, by offence group, for the period from April 2020 to March 2021:
Dave Thompson stated that unforeseen pensions expenses of £8.6M in 2019 and £13.9M in 2020, from a budget of £514M cost roughly as much as 500 officers and would lower the total number of officers to 6,000, contrasted with 8,600 in 2010. Thompson added, “There is no question there will be more obvious rationing of services. The public can already see it is going on. We are already not pursuing crimes where we could find a suspect. We are doing things now that surprise me. We are struggling to deliver a service to the public. I think criminals are well aware now how stretched we are. These further cuts will leave us smaller than we have ever been. There is unquestionably more demand than there was in 1974.”In the 2021/22 financial year, West Midlands Police's budget was £655.6M, an increase from £619.7M in 2020/21.
Structure and departments
West Midlands Police covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country.
As of September 2020, the force has 6,846 police officers, 219 special constables, and 467 police community support officers (PCSO), 165 police support volunteers (PSV), and 3,704 staff.
In 2019, 10.9% of officers were from a BAME background, compared with 8.5% in 2014.
Local Policing Units
The area covered by West Midlands Police is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs). Each LPU is headed by a chief superintendent, responsible for the overall policing and management of the area, supported by a Local Command Team (LCT) composed of a varying number of superintendents and chief inspectors.Each LPU has a number of dedicated Neighbourhood Policing teams. These cover a specific area and are headed by a sergeant with support from a number of police officers, PCSOs and sometimes special constables. The force operates a number of police stations.
Core policing teams
West Midlands Police is structured in such a way that there are four key teams in each LPU who have the responsibility for dealing with everyday policing duties. The force's current structure was gradually introduced over the past two years with the Solihull and Birmingham South LPUs being the first area to see the change in June 2011, and the Walsall LPU being the last in January 2013. The structural change was introduced as part of the force's 'Continuous Improvement' programme with the ambition of working in a more cost effective and efficient manner and was overseen under the advice of accounting firm KPMG.Prior to Continuous Improvement, the force had operated with larger response and neighbourhood teams and smaller teams allocated to prisoner handling roles. Community action and priority teams were a new addition to the force's structure under Continuous Improvement.
The core policing teams are:
Community action and priority teams (CAPT)
The 'CAPT' support neighbourhood officers to address local issues and resource demands for service not met by other departments. They can be allocated to neighbourhoods suffering particular issues, for example anti-social behaviour, and are also often public order trained, so are used for policing football matches, demonstrations and similar occasions. As with the investigation teams, the community action and priority teams are supervised by a sergeant, who reports to an inspector.
Key responsibilities of community action and priority teams are as follows:
Supporting neighbourhood teams – Providing specialist support to Neighbourhood Teams for example, conducting drugs warrants or addressing anti-social behaviour.
Addressing local issues – Supporting other front line policing teams and completing tasking as directed by LPU local command teams
Providing support for abstractions – Resourcing abstractions such as football matches, demonstrations and similar incidents so that Neighbourhood officers are able to focus on their beats.
Investigation teams
Officers on investigation teams have three main responsibilities, these being secondary investigation, prisoner handling and attending scheduled appointments with the public. These officers are also responsible for completing prosecution files and other paperwork necessary for taking cases to court. Investigation teams are split into a number of shifts, each supervised by a sergeant, and will have an inspector supervising the sergeants.
Key responsibilities of investigation teams are as follows:
Secondary investigation – Following initial attendance of incidents by Response Team officers, investigations are allocated to investigation teams who conduct any follow up enquiries that are required.
Prisoner handling – Offenders arrested by response and neighbourhood officers are handed to investigation teams who will interview and retain ownership of the investigation up to the point of its conclusion.
Scheduled response – Operating on a diary system, investigation team officers attend pre-booked slots with members of the public who are wanting to report none urgent matters.
Neighbourhood teams
Aligned to specific neighbourhoods, these officers seek to tackle long term issues affecting local areas and attend community meetings. There are 171 neighbourhoods across the West Midlands, and officers assigned to neighbourhood teams are often supported by PCSOs and special constables. It is not uncommon for busier areas, such as town centres, to have several neighbourhood teams such as the St. Matthews beat covering Walsall town centre, which has two teams. Neighbourhood teams usually have a single sergeant who reports to a sector inspector.
Force response
Response officers work in shifts around the clock answering the most urgent calls for service received through the force's call centres. It is not unusual for response officers to work alone and each response shift usually has a number of officers who are authorised to carry Taser. In addition to Taser, some response officers also carry mobile fingerprint ID machines to confirm identities at the roadside. Response officers undergo enhanced driving training and also have a range of other skills required to perform their role including 'method of entry' training so that they can force entry into premises. Many response officers are also public order trained in order to respond to spontaneous disorder should it occur. Response teams are supervised by a number of sergeants and an inspector.
Key responsibilities of response teams are as follows:
Primary investigation – Attending incidents in the first instance, Response officers gather available evidence and record offences. Follow up enquiries are then allocated to the investigation teams.
Missing person enquiries – Response officers conduct investigations into missing persons with a low or medium risk assessment.
Traffic – Officers from response teams attend reported road traffic accidents, sometimes supporting force traffic in the case of serious collisions.
Specialist crime teams
The core policing teams are supported by, and work closely with, a number of specialist crime teams. West Midlands Police had a mounted division which was disbanded in 1999 to divert funds elsewhere. Current specialist crime teams include:
Air operations
Air operations in the force's area have been provided by the National Police Air Service since 2012.
Previously, the Midlands Air Operations Unit was a consortium of West Midlands, Warwickshire, West Mercia and Staffordshire Police based at Birmingham Airport. It operated from July 1987,
until it was replaced by the After experimenting, since the 1970s, with civilian helicopters hired on an occasional basis, West Midlands Police launched their own air unit on 10 May 1989. A WMP helicopter was destroyed by arson in June 2009, while at Birmingham Airport.
Airport policing
The West Midlands Police force area includes Birmingham Airport which is on the Solihull LPU.
The airport has a dedicated airports policing team assigned who work closely with Border Force customs and immigration officers. Officers working at the airport have additional powers under the Terrorism Act 2000 as the airport is "designated" under the terms of the Act and some are armed.
Central Motorway Police Group (CMPG)
West Midlands Police is one of the two police forces who contribute officers to the Central Motorway Police Group, the other being Staffordshire Police. CMPG operate out of three main bases, the main headquarters being under the M6 motorway at Perry Barr at which their central control room and vehicle depot is situated. CMPG also have a regional control centre in Quinton, Birmingham shared with National Highways. Officers attached to CMPG cover a wide geographical area, including in the West Midlands the M6, M54 and A45.
Counter terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM)
Based in Birmingham, the Counter Terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM) is responsible for co-ordinating the force's counter-terrorism activity. CTPWM works under the guidance of the Government's national counter terrorism strategy, CONTEST, with the aims of pursuing terrorists, protecting the public, preparing for a possible attack and preventing terrorism by working in the community to address the causes of terrorist activity.As part of the CTPWM's role in working with the community, its structure includes a Prevent Team which is a group of officers who visit schools, community groups and partner agencies to raise awareness about the work on the unit. Exercises include Act NOW, a tabletop exercise explaining what happens during a counter terrorism operation and WRAP (Workshop to Raise Awareness of Prevent), a presentation aimed at front-line public sector workers and organisations that work with potential victims of radicalisation.
Dog Section
Most dogs in the West Midlands Police Dog Section are products of an in-house breeding program which the force has been running at its Balsall Common training centre since 1994.Specialist search dogs including Springer Spaniels and Labradors are also used by the Dogs Unit to locate drugs or firearms and explosives. Dogs are continually recruited from rescue centres and from members of the public. All specialist dogs are handled by officers who already have a general purpose police dog, giving the handler responsibility in both training and operational deployment.Prior to 2013 there were 69 operational dog handlers working in West Midlands Police, dogs underwent an initial training program lasting twelve weeks. Officers with the Dog Section patrol in specially adapted Skoda patrol vehicles with air conditioned cages capable of carrying up to three dogs in the rear and operate from bases at Aston, Canley and Wednesbury.
Events planning and football
The events planning department has responsibility for co-ordinating large-scale events taking place within the force area and also for ensuring that officers are available should they be required to support other regional forces through mutual aid arrangements. One major responsibility of the department is organising the policing operation for the Autumn political party conferences that are often held at the International Convention Centre in Birmingham. Included within this department also is the Football Unit who coordinate policing of football games within the West Midlands and operate a team of "spotters" to identify violent supporters and banned individuals.The policing of large-scale events such as football matches, VIP visits and public demonstrations can be coordinated from the force's Events Control Suite (ECS) at the Tally Ho facility in Birmingham. The ECS is able to receive live CCTV footage and has computer facilities for the use of partner agencies with whom the suite is shared.
Firearms
West Midlands Police operate a number of armed response vehicles (ARVs) that patrol the region and respond to incidents typically involving guns, knives or dangerous dogs. Officers undertake a ten-week selection process to join the firearms unit with courses being delivered on weapons, tactics and advanced driving.
Alongside attending firearms incidents, officers attached to the firearms unit also provide tactical advice when planning operations and give lectures on firearms awareness to officers and members of the public. The force also has a Firearms Licensing Department which is responsible for the issue of shotgun and firearms certificates to members of the public and explosives certificates to companies requiring them.
Force CID
Detached from the LPUs, Force CID is staffed by officers holding a detective qualification and investigate serious and complicated crimes not taken on by Local CID or other departments. Such offences include murders, serious assaults, blackmail and arson. Force CID is arranged into a series of investigation teams including a dedicated Homicide Unit, working from bases at Harborne and Aston.Working within Force CID are a series of Payback Teams who are responsible for arranging asset seizures and confiscations under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. During 2011 offenders were forced to pay back £6.3M from proceeds of crime, a 39% increase on the previous year.
Force traffic
Based at Park Lane, Chelmsley Wood and Wednesbury, the force traffic unit has responsibility for roads policing on all roads inside the West Midlands other than the motorways which are covered by the Central Motorways Policing Group. Officers from the force traffic unit usually hold advanced driving grades and have access to marked and unmarked vehicles, including BMWs and Audis fitted with evidential video recording equipment. Force Traffic is supported by a Collision Investigation Unit based at Aston Police Station who investigate accidents involving fatalities or life-changing injuries.
Forensic scene investigators (FSI)
Officers are supported by a team of around 100 civilian forensics scene investigators who attend crime scenes and examine seized items to obtain forensic evidence for use in court. Formerly known as scenes of crime officers (SOCO), scene investigators have access to a wide range of specialist equipment to help with their role and alongside gathering forensic samples; they also are responsible for crime scene photography.
Intelligence unit
West Midlands Police has dedicated intelligence cells based on each LPU who collate and disseminate information collected by officers from a range of other sources. This role involves "sanitising" intelligence logs and forwarding them on to relevant persons, receiving information from outside sources such as Crimestoppers, and assisting with the progression of investigations.The intelligence unit is responsible for organising briefing material for officers and police leadership; they also include a covert operations unit, who coordinate undercover policing operations under the terms of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA).
West Midlands Police is a partner alongside Warwickshire Police, West Mercia Police and Staffordshire Police in the Regional Intelligence Unit collaborative working agreement under which information is shared between the forces on serious and organised criminals affecting the West Midlands Region.
Integrated emergency management (IEM)
The Operations Integrated Emergency Management service is responsible for ensuring that the force is ready to respond to major incidents, that business continuity plans are in place and that the force's duty under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 is satisfied. This work includes running exercises and drills to test readiness and working closely with other emergency services and local authorities. As part of the service's work, the force also maintains a number of Casualty Bureau facilities at which calls from the public are taken and collated following a major incident such as a plane crash or terrorist attack.
Local CID
Each LPU has a Local CID team of officers who hold a detective qualification and conduct secondary investigations into serious offences that occur within their area. Offences that fall under the remit of Local CID include burglary of dwellings, personal robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime.
Offender management unit (OMU)
All ten LPUs have an offender management unit (OMU) who work with partner agencies to concentrate on the offenders living on their areas identified as being particularly difficult or damaging. Offenders who fall into this category include those designated as prolific and other priority offenders (PPOs), drug users, violent criminals and young criminals.Officers from the OMU manage their assigned PPOs under two strands. One consists of rehabilitation and resettlement under which partner agencies are involved in an effort to halt re-offending whilst the other consists of catching and convicting offenders who have been identified as not participating in rehabilitation programmes or are wanted for outstanding crimes.
Operational support unit (OSU)
Working from Park Lane the operational support unit is a team of officers specially trained in areas including Public Order policing, method of entry and searching. Officers working with the OSU are typically deployed as part of a "serial" of one sergeant and seven officers and have access to specialist equipment and vehicles including armoured land rovers.
Public protection unit (PPU)
The public protection unit (PPU) investigates reports of sexual assaults and incidents involving children and vulnerable people. PPU is split between adult and child investigations, is responsible for safeguarding and works with partner agencies such as social services and domestic violence charities. As with CID, most officers working in the PPU hold a detective qualification.
Safer travel
The safer travel team is a collaboration between West Midlands Police, the British Transport Police and CENTRO, focusing on criminal activity occurring on the public transport network. The team is composed of officers and PCSOs who patrol trains, buses and trams in the region.
The Partnership, the first of its type in the country, also has access to around 1,000 CCTV cameras which are located at bus, rail and metro stations, park and ride sites and in bus shelters. The dedicated control centre is staffed 24 hours a day to spot and respond to incidents.
Professional standards department (PSD)
Based at Lloyd House, the professional standards department (PSD) is responsible for the recording and assessment of public complaints about police officers, police staff or special constables. PSD also has a role in investigating serious reports of misconduct and corruption involving members of the force.
Members of the public are eligible to make a complaint if the behaviour about which they want to complain was directed towards them, if they were "adversely affected" by said behaviour or if they were an eyewitness to said behaviour. A person is "adversely affected" if they suffer any form of loss or damage, distress or inconvenience, if they are put in danger or are otherwise unduly put at risk of being adversely affected.
PSD work alongside the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), to whom they will refer the most serious allegations.Where appropriate, PSD have a range of outcomes following disciplinary panels, including no action, counselling (management advice), written warning, transfer to another post, withholding increments and dismissal.West Midlands Police recorded 501 complaints for 2018/19, a 36 percent drop in comparison to 2017/18 during which 777 complaints were recorded.
Press Office
Also known as Corporate Communications, the West Midlands Police Press Office is centralised at headquarters and is charged with representing the force's public image. Each LPU has dedicated Territorial Communications officers and in addition to addressing media enquiries, the Press Office also looks after the force's website and publishes the force's internal online newspaper, News Beat.
Social media
West Midlands Police maintains a presence on social media websites including Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube and blogging platforms.Several of the force's social media accounts have won recognition as examples of best practice, including Solihull Police's Twitter feed which came first place in the 2012 Golden Twits' Customer Service category and Inspector Brown's Mark Hanson Digital Media Award 2012 for his mental health blog.
Special constabulary
Officers belonging to the special constabulary have the same powers as full-time officers and are unpaid volunteers, giving a minimum of sixteen hours a month of duty time.After initial training special constables are deployed wearing the same street uniform as other officers. They can be identified as Specials by their collar numbers, which start with 7 and the 'SC' on their epaulettes.
Special constables provide West Midlands Police with around 96,000 hours of voluntary duty each year and usually work alongside regular officers on neighbourhood teams, response teams and also Community Action & Priority Teams.
PEEL inspection
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) conducts a periodic police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy (PEEL) inspection of each police service's performance. In its latest PEEL inspection, West Midlands Police was rated as follows:
Recruitment and training
Applicants to join West Midlands Police as police officers are subject to a staged recruitment process designed to assess their suitability for the role, including background checks, medical and fitness tests.On being accepted to join the force, new recruits undergo an initial training course last eighteen weeks which is non-residential and based mainly in the classroom but with periodic practical exercises and attachments. Performance is assessed by a series of examinations and training includes self-defence lessons and tuition on police computer systems. Following successful completion of initial training, recruits are then tutored on their LPUs for nine weeks before being signed off for independent patrol. They retain their status as student officers for a period of two years from their joining date during which they are required to maintain a record of their development. Upon reaching two years service, student officers are "confirmed" in their rank by a senior officer, usually their LPU commander.
The recruitment process for PCSOs is similar to that of police officers although training periods are reduced.
In November 2018 it emerged that the police force had blocked white male officers from promotion, setting aside half of all promotion slots for women and ethnic minority candidates in seven out of eight of the year's promotion rounds. In the year's final round the force continued to discriminate, by blocking white male applicants for two days. A complaint by the Police Federation union noted that the practice was illegal and condemned it as "not fit for purpose". As a result West Midlands Police "paused" the practice.On 11 June 2020, West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner David Jamieson committed to ensuring that the force recruits 1,000 new Black, Asian and minority ethnic police officers over the following three years to make the force look more like the communities it serves.
Presentation
Police officers working for West Midlands Police wear a wide range of different uniforms, equipment and vehicles dependent on their specific role.
Uniform
Officers' standard street uniform consists of black lightweight zip-up shirts, black trousers and a high visibility protective vest. White shirts were replaced by the black T-shirts in 2010 at a cost of £100,000 but are retained for court and station duties. Officers are issued with fleeces, weatherproof pullovers, fluorescent jackets, high visibility tabards, waterproof over trousers and slash resistant gloves.
Ranks and epaulettes
Shoulder insignia for ranks above police constable are as follows:
West Midlands Police warranted officer ranks
When dressed for public order policing, officers wear coloured epaulettes indicating their respective roles. Bronze commanders wear yellow epaulettes, inspectors wear red epaulettes, sergeants wear white epaulettes, tactical advisors wear blue epaulettes, medics wear green epaulettes and evidence gathering officers have orange epaulettes.
Equipment
As part of standard issue Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), officers carry Sepura TETRA radios, rigid handcuffs, PAVA spray and an extendible friction lock baton. Officers also have access to first aid kits, limb restraints and torches.Traffic units, particularly officers performing collision investigation duties, use laser plotting devices to accurately survey collision sights and carry devices that can be used to measure road friction and deceleration values.
Facilities
As of 2021, there are 11 police stations in the West Midlands Police force area, including Lloyd House in Birmingham, the force headquarters. There are also two custody suites in Birmingham.The NPAS helicopter operates from a base at Birmingham Airport in Solihull.Large scale policing demonstrations such as protest marches and football matches are coordinated from the Events Control Suite (ECS) in Birmingham.Public Order courses are hosted at the regional training centre which consists of a converted aircraft hangar on the RAF Cosford site near Telford. The site has facilities allowing officers to experience riot situations including dealing with 'Emotionally Disturbed Person' scenarios during which they are subject to attacks by role playing actors wielding weapons.West Midlands Police operate a Custody Visiting Scheme under which independent representatives from local communities are able to access detention facilities to observe, comment and report upon the welfare and treatment of detained persons. Visits are conducted at random by volunteers working in pairs who then write a report on the feedback gathered during their visit.In 2017 a joint inspection of the force's custody suites was conducted by HMIC and Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons.
West Midlands Police Federation
The West Midlands Police Federation is a part of the Police Federation of England and Wales, which is the representative body for every police officer below the rank of superintendent. Representatives of the Federation are elected for three year terms and must be serving police officers.Police officers are restricted by their regulations from striking and from taking part in politics, hence the Federation represents their interests and negotiates on their behalf in relation to pay, conditions and pensions.
The Federation is funded by a monthly subscription paid from officers' salaries and provides representation and advice to officers who are subject to disciplinary processes.
West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund
The West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund was set up in 1974 following the amalgamation of local forces to form West Midlands Police. The fund is financed by subscriptions from members and donations and monies are distributed on application to the committee to members suffering financial hardship.
Officers killed in the line of duty
The Police Roll of Honour Trust and Police Memorial Trust list and commemorate all British police officers killed in the line of duty. Since its establishment in 1984, the Police Memorial Trust has erected 50 memorials nationally to some of those officers.
The following officers of West Midlands Police are listed by the trust as having died attempting to prevent, stop or solve a crime:
1975: PC David Christopher Green. Fatally stabbed during an arrest
1984: PC Andrew Stephen Le Comte. Fell from a roof while searching for suspects
1984: PC Colin John Hall. Collapsed attending a disturbance and died
1988: PC Gavin Richard Carlton. Shot by armed robber during a police pursuit
1989: PC Anthony John Salt. Fatally injured by falling on a mechanical digger after getting drunk on duty
2001: PC Malcolm Edward Walker. Fatally injured when his motorcycle was struck during a police pursuit
2004: DC Michael Swindells. Fatally stabbed; posthumously awarded Queen's Gallantry Medal
Notable incidents and investigations
21 November 1974 (1974-11-21): Birmingham Pub Bombings: Twenty one people killed and one hundred and eighty two injured after devices exploded in the Mulberry Bush and Tavern in the Town pubs in Birmingham City Centre. Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, six convicted but later compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
19 October 1978 (1978-10-19): Murder of Carl Bridgewater: Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, four convicted but later released and compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
1989: Review of South Yorkshire Police following the Hillsborough Disaster: Force called in to investigate South Yorkshire officers' conduct after the 1989 stadium crush. West Midlands discovered that South Yorkshire Police had altered 164 witness statements and alleged that they pressured and bullied witnesses to change their statements about the disaster.
July 1996: Wolverhampton machete attack.
2 January 2003 (2003-01-02): Murder of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in a gang-related drive-by machine-gunning.
28 July 2005 (2005-07-28): Birmingham tornado: Officers involved in rescue and recovery operation following a tornado touching down in Sparkbrook.
22 October 2005 (2005-10-22)–23 October 2005 (2005-10-23): Handsworth Riots: Race riots in Handsworth and Lozells on two consecutive nights, following rumours of an alleged gang rape of a teenage black girl by a group of South Asian men. One member of the public died as a result of stab wounds and a police officer was shot and wounded.
2007: Operation Gamble: A plot by British Pakistanis in Birmingham to kidnap and behead a British Muslim soldier. Eight homes and four businesses were raided after an investigation involving intelligence services and other police forces. The investigation led to 9 arrests, 6 of whom were charged.
2010: Papal visit to the United Kingdom: Large policing operation to assist with security measures during Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom which included a mass of Beatification in Cofton Park and dinner at St Mary's College, New Oscott, Sutton Coldfield.
6 August 2011 (2011-08-06)–10 August 2011 (2011-08-10): England Riots: Large scale disorders across England affecting the centres of Birmingham, Wolverhampton and West Bromwich, following the death of Mark Duggan
2012: London Olympic Games: Officers from across the West Midlands were involved in policing events in the region and were deployed on Mutual Aid to help assist other forces.
April - July 2013: Attempted Mosque bombings and murder of Mohammed Saleem.
May 2018 - March 2020: Birmingham bathing cult.
17 June 2020 - 4 December 2021: Murder of Arthur Labinjo-Hughes.
28 July and 8 August 2022: Policing the XXII Commonwealth Games.
See also
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom
Table of police forces in the United Kingdom
West Midlands Fire Service
West Midlands Ambulance Service
References
Further reading
M. Talbot, A Peeler in the Family, 2011.
M. Talbot, Birmingham City Police (1939–1945), 2012.
J. Klein, Invisible Men: The Daily Lives of Police Constable in Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2010.
J. Reilly, Policing Birmingham: An Account of 150 Years of Police in Birmingham, West Midlands Police, 1989.
P. Browning, The Good Guys Wear Blue: One Mans Struggle Policing the Tough Streets of Coventry, Reality Press Ltd, 2007.
External links
Official website
West Midlands Police at HMICFRS
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West Midlands Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England.
The force covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country. In 2020, there were 6,846 officers, 484 police community support officers (PCSO), and 219 volunteer special constables.The force is led by Chief Constable Craig Guildford. The force area is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs), each being served by four core policing teams – Response, Neighbourhood, Investigation and Community Action & Priority (CAPT) – with the support of a number of specialist crime teams. These specialist teams include CID, traffic and a firearms unit.
West Midlands Police is a partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in the Central Motorway Police Group. The force is party to a number of other resource sharing agreements including the National Police Air Service.
History
Regional policing in the West Midlands prior to 1974
Prior to the formation of West Midlands Police as it is known today, the area now covered by the force was served by a total of six smaller constabularies. These constabularies were as follows:
Birmingham City Police 1839–1974: Established in 1839 following an outbreak of Chartist rioting that the Metropolitan Police had to help quell, officers from Birmingham City Police first took to the streets on 20 November of that year. Initially with a strength of 260 officers paid at a rate of 17 shillings a week, the constabulary expanded to keep pace with the growth of the city with the final areas to be added before the force's amalgamation in West Midlands Police being the Hollywood area.
Coventry Police 1836–1974: Formed with the Municipal Corporations Act in 1836, Coventry Police was initially only twenty officers with the support of a single sergeant and one inspector. The force reached a strength of 137 officers by 1914 and continued to grow until in 1969 it was merged with the Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary, part of which it remained until the formation of West Midlands Police.
Dudley Borough Police 1920–1966: Formerly part of the Worcestershire Constabulary, Dudley gained its own police force on 1 April 1920 following a review by His Majesty's Inspector that had suggested previous policing arrangements were unsatisfactory. Dudley Borough Police remained independent until the Royal Commission in 1960 which resulted in its inclusion as part of the newly formed West Midlands Constabulary.
Walsall Borough Police 1832–1966: Moving away from a 'watch' system, Walsall Borough Police were formed on 6 July 1832 with an initial strength of only one superintendent and three constables. As with the other regional forces, Walsall Borough Police expanded with the area's population and in 1852 appointed its first two detectives. The force took on its first female recruits in 1918 and in the 1960s became one of the first forces to issues its officers with personal radios. As with Dudley's police force, Walsall Borough Police became part of the West Midlands Constabulary following the Royal Commission.
West Midlands Constabulary 1966–1974: Lasting only eight years, West Midlands Constabulary was a newly formed force encompassing a number of smaller borough forces including Dudley Borough Police, Walsall Borough Police, Wolverhampton Borough Police and parts of Staffordshire and Worcestershire Constabularies. The creation of the West Midlands Constabulary was the consequence of 1960's Royal Commission into policing.
Wolverhampton Borough Police 1837–1966: The formation of Wolverhampton Borough Police was approved on 3 August 1837 under the condition that the strength of the force not exceed sixteen men. The Police Act 1839 saw Staffordshire County Police taking over policing in Wolverhampton with Wolverhampton Borough Police regaining responsibility for policing the town in 1848. At the turn of the 20th century the force was 109 strong, reaching a highpoint of around 300 before the force became part of the short lived West Midlands Constabulary in 1966.
Establishment of West Midlands Police
West Midlands Police was formed on 1 April 1974, owing to the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 which created the new West Midlands metropolitan county. It was formed by merging the Birmingham City Police, the earlier West Midlands Constabulary, and parts of Staffordshire County and Stoke-on-Trent Constabulary, Warwickshire and Coventry Constabulary and West Mercia Constabulary. The first Chief Constable appointed to the new force was Sir Derrick Capper, the last Chief Constable of Birmingham Police.
Controversies and allegations of corruption
Between 1974 and 1989, the force operated the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad. It was disbanded after allegations of endemic misconduct, leading to a series of unsafe convictions. These included allegations that officers had falsified confessions in witness statements, denied suspects access to solicitors and used torture such as "plastic bagging" to partially suffocate suspects in order to extract confessions. They were alleged to have abused payments to informers. A series of around 40 prosecutions failed in the late 1980s as defendants showed that evidence had or may have been tampered with. West Yorkshire Police led an investigation which led to a small number of internal disciplinary proceedings, but did not recommend any prosecutions for lack of evidence. However, over 60 convictions secured from their investigations have now been quashed, including those of the Birmingham Six.West Midlands Police had two serious firearms incidents, in 1980 and 1985. In 1980, David Pagett held his pregnant girlfriend as hostage while resisting arrest by the police. Officers returned fire, and shot her. Police had initially tried to claim that Pagett has shot her, but it became clear that it was police bullets that had caused her death. In 1985, John Shorthouse was arrested by West Midlands police for questioning about armed robberies in South Wales. His house was then searched. His five-year-old son, John, was shot by police searching under the child's bed. An internal inquiry was held, and as a result, use of firearms was restricted to a specialised and trained unit.Allegations of bribery and corruption were made in 1994 by World in Action, an investigative current affairs TV programme. The convicted criminal David Harris alleged that West Midlands police officers had demanded payments of more than £200,000 to keep criminals including himself away from prosecutions. Other allegations from police officers focused on officers attempting to persuade others to accept bribes. The CID was the focus of an investigation by Leicestershire Police at the request of the Police Complaints Authority.
2000s and onwards
Under proposals announced by the then Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, on 6 February 2006, West Midlands Police would have merged with Staffordshire Police, West Mercia Constabulary and Warwickshire Constabulary to form a single strategic force for the West Midlands region.
This, along with a number of other mergers which would have cut the number of forces in England and Wales from 43 to 24, were abandoned in July 2006 after widespread opposition from police and the public.Because of prison overcrowding in October 2006, up to 44 prison cells at Steelhouse Lane police station in Birmingham were made available to house inmates as part of Operation Safeguard and in accordance with an agreement between West Midlands Police and HM Prison Service.In October 2008, the Chief Constable Sir Paul Scott-Lee announced he would not be renewing his contract in May 2009, after seven years in the post. His replacement was Chris Sims.The force attracted controversy in 2010 when Project Champion, a £3 million scheme to install a network of CCTV cameras in the predominantly Muslim areas of Washwood Heath and Sparkbrook, came under fire from local residents and civil rights organisations. A total of 218 cameras had been planned for installation but the project was abandoned following concerns over their legality and objections from residents and local councillors that they had not been consulted by the force.Between April and September 2010, WMP budgets were cut by £3.4 million as part of a programme to reduce spending by £50M over four years. In response to the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review, Chief Constable Sims said WMP would need to reduce spending by up to £123 million over the same period.In 2010, the force implemented regulation A19, requiring officers with 30 or more years service to retire, in response to government funding cuts. The regulation, used by 15 forces to make emergency savings, led to 591 WMP officers being forced to retire. Some of these officers later took WMP to an employment tribunal, alleging age discrimination. In 2014 the tribunal found the regulation to be unlawful. In 2015, 498 former WMP officers were seeking compensation. The ruling was later overturned by the Employment Appeal Tribunal, whose decision was upheld in the Court of Appeal in 2017.Plans to privatise parts of the force were halted by Bob Jones, the force's first Police and Crime Commissioner, upon taking office in 2012.Chief Constable Chris Sims was reappointed to a second three-year term in 2013, then stepped down at the beginning of 2016. He was succeeded by Dave Thompson, who had previously been Deputy Chief Constable.In March 2021, Oliver Banfield, a probationary officer with West Midlands Police, was convicted of assault by beating after using techniques taught in police training to attack a woman while off-duty. Banfield was sentenced to a 14-week curfew and ordered to pay £500 compensation to his victim. Former Leader of the Opposition Harriet Harman described the fact Banfield did not receive a custodial sentence as “proof ... that [the] system fails women and protects men”. After the conviction, the Crown Prosecution Service apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield. In a May 2021 hearing, Banfield was found guilty of gross misconduct and banned from policing for life.A 2021 investigation by Newsnight and The Law Society Gazette found that alleged hate crimes in which the victim was a police officer were significantly more likely to result in a successful prosecution across a number of force areas including the West Midlands. The investigation found that in the year ending March 2020, crimes against police officers and staff constituted 7 percent of hate incidents recorded by West Midlands Police, but resulted in 43 percent of hate crimes convictions. In March 2022, a WMP constable resigned after having been found to have fabricated the death of a partner in order to receive bereavement leave and other benefits; Chief Constable Thompson said the officer would have been dismissed for gross misconduct had he not resigned.
Leadership and performance
As of 2018, West Midlands Police was smaller than at any previous time in its history, having lost nearly 2,300 officers since 2010. Government funding for West Midlands Police fell by £145M since 2010. In 2018, Chief Constable Dave Thompson said that falling numbers of police officers due to funding cuts, and a "wider spread of crime", prevented the police doing everything the public want or expect of them.
Leadership
The current chief constable is Craig Guildford, and the deputy chief constable is Vanessa Jardine.
Chief constables
Sir Derrick Capper (1974–1975)
Philip Knights (1975–1985)
Sir Geoffrey Dear (1985–1990)
Sir Ron Hadfield (1990–1996)
Sir Edward Crewe (1996–2002)
Sir Paul Scott-Lee (2002–2009)
Chris Sims (1 June 2009 – January 2016)
Sir Dave Thompson (January 2016 – December 2022)
Craig Guildford (December 2022 – present)
Police and Crime Commissioner
The West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), established in 2012 as one of several directly-elected police and crime commissioners is responsible for oversight and accountability for WMP and appoints the chief constable. As of 2021, the current PCC is Simon Foster.The West Midlands PCC replaces the West Midlands Police Authority, which was founded in 1996. Before it was replaced, the chair of the West Midlands Police Authority was Bishop Dr Derek Webley, of the New Testament Church of God in Handsworth, the first non-politician member of Authority to be elected chair, and the first African Caribbean chair of any police authority in the United Kingdom.
Crime statistics and budget
The following table shows the percentage of cases resulting in a criminal charge or court summons in West Midlands Police's jurisdiction, by offence group, for the period from April 2020 to March 2021:
Dave Thompson stated that unforeseen pensions expenses of £8.6M in 2019 and £13.9M in 2020, from a budget of £514M cost roughly as much as 500 officers and would lower the total number of officers to 6,000, contrasted with 8,600 in 2010. Thompson added, “There is no question there will be more obvious rationing of services. The public can already see it is going on. We are already not pursuing crimes where we could find a suspect. We are doing things now that surprise me. We are struggling to deliver a service to the public. I think criminals are well aware now how stretched we are. These further cuts will leave us smaller than we have ever been. There is unquestionably more demand than there was in 1974.”In the 2021/22 financial year, West Midlands Police's budget was £655.6M, an increase from £619.7M in 2020/21.
Structure and departments
West Midlands Police covers an area of 348 square miles (900 km2) with 2.93 million inhabitants, which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country.
As of September 2020, the force has 6,846 police officers, 219 special constables, and 467 police community support officers (PCSO), 165 police support volunteers (PSV), and 3,704 staff.
In 2019, 10.9% of officers were from a BAME background, compared with 8.5% in 2014.
Local Policing Units
The area covered by West Midlands Police is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs). Each LPU is headed by a chief superintendent, responsible for the overall policing and management of the area, supported by a Local Command Team (LCT) composed of a varying number of superintendents and chief inspectors.Each LPU has a number of dedicated Neighbourhood Policing teams. These cover a specific area and are headed by a sergeant with support from a number of police officers, PCSOs and sometimes special constables. The force operates a number of police stations.
Core policing teams
West Midlands Police is structured in such a way that there are four key teams in each LPU who have the responsibility for dealing with everyday policing duties. The force's current structure was gradually introduced over the past two years with the Solihull and Birmingham South LPUs being the first area to see the change in June 2011, and the Walsall LPU being the last in January 2013. The structural change was introduced as part of the force's 'Continuous Improvement' programme with the ambition of working in a more cost effective and efficient manner and was overseen under the advice of accounting firm KPMG.Prior to Continuous Improvement, the force had operated with larger response and neighbourhood teams and smaller teams allocated to prisoner handling roles. Community action and priority teams were a new addition to the force's structure under Continuous Improvement.
The core policing teams are:
Community action and priority teams (CAPT)
The 'CAPT' support neighbourhood officers to address local issues and resource demands for service not met by other departments. They can be allocated to neighbourhoods suffering particular issues, for example anti-social behaviour, and are also often public order trained, so are used for policing football matches, demonstrations and similar occasions. As with the investigation teams, the community action and priority teams are supervised by a sergeant, who reports to an inspector.
Key responsibilities of community action and priority teams are as follows:
Supporting neighbourhood teams – Providing specialist support to Neighbourhood Teams for example, conducting drugs warrants or addressing anti-social behaviour.
Addressing local issues – Supporting other front line policing teams and completing tasking as directed by LPU local command teams
Providing support for abstractions – Resourcing abstractions such as football matches, demonstrations and similar incidents so that Neighbourhood officers are able to focus on their beats.
Investigation teams
Officers on investigation teams have three main responsibilities, these being secondary investigation, prisoner handling and attending scheduled appointments with the public. These officers are also responsible for completing prosecution files and other paperwork necessary for taking cases to court. Investigation teams are split into a number of shifts, each supervised by a sergeant, and will have an inspector supervising the sergeants.
Key responsibilities of investigation teams are as follows:
Secondary investigation – Following initial attendance of incidents by Response Team officers, investigations are allocated to investigation teams who conduct any follow up enquiries that are required.
Prisoner handling – Offenders arrested by response and neighbourhood officers are handed to investigation teams who will interview and retain ownership of the investigation up to the point of its conclusion.
Scheduled response – Operating on a diary system, investigation team officers attend pre-booked slots with members of the public who are wanting to report none urgent matters.
Neighbourhood teams
Aligned to specific neighbourhoods, these officers seek to tackle long term issues affecting local areas and attend community meetings. There are 171 neighbourhoods across the West Midlands, and officers assigned to neighbourhood teams are often supported by PCSOs and special constables. It is not uncommon for busier areas, such as town centres, to have several neighbourhood teams such as the St. Matthews beat covering Walsall town centre, which has two teams. Neighbourhood teams usually have a single sergeant who reports to a sector inspector.
Force response
Response officers work in shifts around the clock answering the most urgent calls for service received through the force's call centres. It is not unusual for response officers to work alone and each response shift usually has a number of officers who are authorised to carry Taser. In addition to Taser, some response officers also carry mobile fingerprint ID machines to confirm identities at the roadside. Response officers undergo enhanced driving training and also have a range of other skills required to perform their role including 'method of entry' training so that they can force entry into premises. Many response officers are also public order trained in order to respond to spontaneous disorder should it occur. Response teams are supervised by a number of sergeants and an inspector.
Key responsibilities of response teams are as follows:
Primary investigation – Attending incidents in the first instance, Response officers gather available evidence and record offences. Follow up enquiries are then allocated to the investigation teams.
Missing person enquiries – Response officers conduct investigations into missing persons with a low or medium risk assessment.
Traffic – Officers from response teams attend reported road traffic accidents, sometimes supporting force traffic in the case of serious collisions.
Specialist crime teams
The core policing teams are supported by, and work closely with, a number of specialist crime teams. West Midlands Police had a mounted division which was disbanded in 1999 to divert funds elsewhere. Current specialist crime teams include:
Air operations
Air operations in the force's area have been provided by the National Police Air Service since 2012.
Previously, the Midlands Air Operations Unit was a consortium of West Midlands, Warwickshire, West Mercia and Staffordshire Police based at Birmingham Airport. It operated from July 1987,
until it was replaced by the After experimenting, since the 1970s, with civilian helicopters hired on an occasional basis, West Midlands Police launched their own air unit on 10 May 1989. A WMP helicopter was destroyed by arson in June 2009, while at Birmingham Airport.
Airport policing
The West Midlands Police force area includes Birmingham Airport which is on the Solihull LPU.
The airport has a dedicated airports policing team assigned who work closely with Border Force customs and immigration officers. Officers working at the airport have additional powers under the Terrorism Act 2000 as the airport is "designated" under the terms of the Act and some are armed.
Central Motorway Police Group (CMPG)
West Midlands Police is one of the two police forces who contribute officers to the Central Motorway Police Group, the other being Staffordshire Police. CMPG operate out of three main bases, the main headquarters being under the M6 motorway at Perry Barr at which their central control room and vehicle depot is situated. CMPG also have a regional control centre in Quinton, Birmingham shared with National Highways. Officers attached to CMPG cover a wide geographical area, including in the West Midlands the M6, M54 and A45.
Counter terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM)
Based in Birmingham, the Counter Terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM) is responsible for co-ordinating the force's counter-terrorism activity. CTPWM works under the guidance of the Government's national counter terrorism strategy, CONTEST, with the aims of pursuing terrorists, protecting the public, preparing for a possible attack and preventing terrorism by working in the community to address the causes of terrorist activity.As part of the CTPWM's role in working with the community, its structure includes a Prevent Team which is a group of officers who visit schools, community groups and partner agencies to raise awareness about the work on the unit. Exercises include Act NOW, a tabletop exercise explaining what happens during a counter terrorism operation and WRAP (Workshop to Raise Awareness of Prevent), a presentation aimed at front-line public sector workers and organisations that work with potential victims of radicalisation.
Dog Section
Most dogs in the West Midlands Police Dog Section are products of an in-house breeding program which the force has been running at its Balsall Common training centre since 1994.Specialist search dogs including Springer Spaniels and Labradors are also used by the Dogs Unit to locate drugs or firearms and explosives. Dogs are continually recruited from rescue centres and from members of the public. All specialist dogs are handled by officers who already have a general purpose police dog, giving the handler responsibility in both training and operational deployment.Prior to 2013 there were 69 operational dog handlers working in West Midlands Police, dogs underwent an initial training program lasting twelve weeks. Officers with the Dog Section patrol in specially adapted Skoda patrol vehicles with air conditioned cages capable of carrying up to three dogs in the rear and operate from bases at Aston, Canley and Wednesbury.
Events planning and football
The events planning department has responsibility for co-ordinating large-scale events taking place within the force area and also for ensuring that officers are available should they be required to support other regional forces through mutual aid arrangements. One major responsibility of the department is organising the policing operation for the Autumn political party conferences that are often held at the International Convention Centre in Birmingham. Included within this department also is the Football Unit who coordinate policing of football games within the West Midlands and operate a team of "spotters" to identify violent supporters and banned individuals.The policing of large-scale events such as football matches, VIP visits and public demonstrations can be coordinated from the force's Events Control Suite (ECS) at the Tally Ho facility in Birmingham. The ECS is able to receive live CCTV footage and has computer facilities for the use of partner agencies with whom the suite is shared.
Firearms
West Midlands Police operate a number of armed response vehicles (ARVs) that patrol the region and respond to incidents typically involving guns, knives or dangerous dogs. Officers undertake a ten-week selection process to join the firearms unit with courses being delivered on weapons, tactics and advanced driving.
Alongside attending firearms incidents, officers attached to the firearms unit also provide tactical advice when planning operations and give lectures on firearms awareness to officers and members of the public. The force also has a Firearms Licensing Department which is responsible for the issue of shotgun and firearms certificates to members of the public and explosives certificates to companies requiring them.
Force CID
Detached from the LPUs, Force CID is staffed by officers holding a detective qualification and investigate serious and complicated crimes not taken on by Local CID or other departments. Such offences include murders, serious assaults, blackmail and arson. Force CID is arranged into a series of investigation teams including a dedicated Homicide Unit, working from bases at Harborne and Aston.Working within Force CID are a series of Payback Teams who are responsible for arranging asset seizures and confiscations under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. During 2011 offenders were forced to pay back £6.3M from proceeds of crime, a 39% increase on the previous year.
Force traffic
Based at Park Lane, Chelmsley Wood and Wednesbury, the force traffic unit has responsibility for roads policing on all roads inside the West Midlands other than the motorways which are covered by the Central Motorways Policing Group. Officers from the force traffic unit usually hold advanced driving grades and have access to marked and unmarked vehicles, including BMWs and Audis fitted with evidential video recording equipment. Force Traffic is supported by a Collision Investigation Unit based at Aston Police Station who investigate accidents involving fatalities or life-changing injuries.
Forensic scene investigators (FSI)
Officers are supported by a team of around 100 civilian forensics scene investigators who attend crime scenes and examine seized items to obtain forensic evidence for use in court. Formerly known as scenes of crime officers (SOCO), scene investigators have access to a wide range of specialist equipment to help with their role and alongside gathering forensic samples; they also are responsible for crime scene photography.
Intelligence unit
West Midlands Police has dedicated intelligence cells based on each LPU who collate and disseminate information collected by officers from a range of other sources. This role involves "sanitising" intelligence logs and forwarding them on to relevant persons, receiving information from outside sources such as Crimestoppers, and assisting with the progression of investigations.The intelligence unit is responsible for organising briefing material for officers and police leadership; they also include a covert operations unit, who coordinate undercover policing operations under the terms of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA).
West Midlands Police is a partner alongside Warwickshire Police, West Mercia Police and Staffordshire Police in the Regional Intelligence Unit collaborative working agreement under which information is shared between the forces on serious and organised criminals affecting the West Midlands Region.
Integrated emergency management (IEM)
The Operations Integrated Emergency Management service is responsible for ensuring that the force is ready to respond to major incidents, that business continuity plans are in place and that the force's duty under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 is satisfied. This work includes running exercises and drills to test readiness and working closely with other emergency services and local authorities. As part of the service's work, the force also maintains a number of Casualty Bureau facilities at which calls from the public are taken and collated following a major incident such as a plane crash or terrorist attack.
Local CID
Each LPU has a Local CID team of officers who hold a detective qualification and conduct secondary investigations into serious offences that occur within their area. Offences that fall under the remit of Local CID include burglary of dwellings, personal robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime.
Offender management unit (OMU)
All ten LPUs have an offender management unit (OMU) who work with partner agencies to concentrate on the offenders living on their areas identified as being particularly difficult or damaging. Offenders who fall into this category include those designated as prolific and other priority offenders (PPOs), drug users, violent criminals and young criminals.Officers from the OMU manage their assigned PPOs under two strands. One consists of rehabilitation and resettlement under which partner agencies are involved in an effort to halt re-offending whilst the other consists of catching and convicting offenders who have been identified as not participating in rehabilitation programmes or are wanted for outstanding crimes.
Operational support unit (OSU)
Working from Park Lane the operational support unit is a team of officers specially trained in areas including Public Order policing, method of entry and searching. Officers working with the OSU are typically deployed as part of a "serial" of one sergeant and seven officers and have access to specialist equipment and vehicles including armoured land rovers.
Public protection unit (PPU)
The public protection unit (PPU) investigates reports of sexual assaults and incidents involving children and vulnerable people. PPU is split between adult and child investigations, is responsible for safeguarding and works with partner agencies such as social services and domestic violence charities. As with CID, most officers working in the PPU hold a detective qualification.
Safer travel
The safer travel team is a collaboration between West Midlands Police, the British Transport Police and CENTRO, focusing on criminal activity occurring on the public transport network. The team is composed of officers and PCSOs who patrol trains, buses and trams in the region.
The Partnership, the first of its type in the country, also has access to around 1,000 CCTV cameras which are located at bus, rail and metro stations, park and ride sites and in bus shelters. The dedicated control centre is staffed 24 hours a day to spot and respond to incidents.
Professional standards department (PSD)
Based at Lloyd House, the professional standards department (PSD) is responsible for the recording and assessment of public complaints about police officers, police staff or special constables. PSD also has a role in investigating serious reports of misconduct and corruption involving members of the force.
Members of the public are eligible to make a complaint if the behaviour about which they want to complain was directed towards them, if they were "adversely affected" by said behaviour or if they were an eyewitness to said behaviour. A person is "adversely affected" if they suffer any form of loss or damage, distress or inconvenience, if they are put in danger or are otherwise unduly put at risk of being adversely affected.
PSD work alongside the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), to whom they will refer the most serious allegations.Where appropriate, PSD have a range of outcomes following disciplinary panels, including no action, counselling (management advice), written warning, transfer to another post, withholding increments and dismissal.West Midlands Police recorded 501 complaints for 2018/19, a 36 percent drop in comparison to 2017/18 during which 777 complaints were recorded.
Press Office
Also known as Corporate Communications, the West Midlands Police Press Office is centralised at headquarters and is charged with representing the force's public image. Each LPU has dedicated Territorial Communications officers and in addition to addressing media enquiries, the Press Office also looks after the force's website and publishes the force's internal online newspaper, News Beat.
Social media
West Midlands Police maintains a presence on social media websites including Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube and blogging platforms.Several of the force's social media accounts have won recognition as examples of best practice, including Solihull Police's Twitter feed which came first place in the 2012 Golden Twits' Customer Service category and Inspector Brown's Mark Hanson Digital Media Award 2012 for his mental health blog.
Special constabulary
Officers belonging to the special constabulary have the same powers as full-time officers and are unpaid volunteers, giving a minimum of sixteen hours a month of duty time.After initial training special constables are deployed wearing the same street uniform as other officers. They can be identified as Specials by their collar numbers, which start with 7 and the 'SC' on their epaulettes.
Special constables provide West Midlands Police with around 96,000 hours of voluntary duty each year and usually work alongside regular officers on neighbourhood teams, response teams and also Community Action & Priority Teams.
PEEL inspection
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) conducts a periodic police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy (PEEL) inspection of each police service's performance. In its latest PEEL inspection, West Midlands Police was rated as follows:
Recruitment and training
Applicants to join West Midlands Police as police officers are subject to a staged recruitment process designed to assess their suitability for the role, including background checks, medical and fitness tests.On being accepted to join the force, new recruits undergo an initial training course last eighteen weeks which is non-residential and based mainly in the classroom but with periodic practical exercises and attachments. Performance is assessed by a series of examinations and training includes self-defence lessons and tuition on police computer systems. Following successful completion of initial training, recruits are then tutored on their LPUs for nine weeks before being signed off for independent patrol. They retain their status as student officers for a period of two years from their joining date during which they are required to maintain a record of their development. Upon reaching two years service, student officers are "confirmed" in their rank by a senior officer, usually their LPU commander.
The recruitment process for PCSOs is similar to that of police officers although training periods are reduced.
In November 2018 it emerged that the police force had blocked white male officers from promotion, setting aside half of all promotion slots for women and ethnic minority candidates in seven out of eight of the year's promotion rounds. In the year's final round the force continued to discriminate, by blocking white male applicants for two days. A complaint by the Police Federation union noted that the practice was illegal and condemned it as "not fit for purpose". As a result West Midlands Police "paused" the practice.On 11 June 2020, West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner David Jamieson committed to ensuring that the force recruits 1,000 new Black, Asian and minority ethnic police officers over the following three years to make the force look more like the communities it serves.
Presentation
Police officers working for West Midlands Police wear a wide range of different uniforms, equipment and vehicles dependent on their specific role.
Uniform
Officers' standard street uniform consists of black lightweight zip-up shirts, black trousers and a high visibility protective vest. White shirts were replaced by the black T-shirts in 2010 at a cost of £100,000 but are retained for court and station duties. Officers are issued with fleeces, weatherproof pullovers, fluorescent jackets, high visibility tabards, waterproof over trousers and slash resistant gloves.
Ranks and epaulettes
Shoulder insignia for ranks above police constable are as follows:
West Midlands Police warranted officer ranks
When dressed for public order policing, officers wear coloured epaulettes indicating their respective roles. Bronze commanders wear yellow epaulettes, inspectors wear red epaulettes, sergeants wear white epaulettes, tactical advisors wear blue epaulettes, medics wear green epaulettes and evidence gathering officers have orange epaulettes.
Equipment
As part of standard issue Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), officers carry Sepura TETRA radios, rigid handcuffs, PAVA spray and an extendible friction lock baton. Officers also have access to first aid kits, limb restraints and torches.Traffic units, particularly officers performing collision investigation duties, use laser plotting devices to accurately survey collision sights and carry devices that can be used to measure road friction and deceleration values.
Facilities
As of 2021, there are 11 police stations in the West Midlands Police force area, including Lloyd House in Birmingham, the force headquarters. There are also two custody suites in Birmingham.The NPAS helicopter operates from a base at Birmingham Airport in Solihull.Large scale policing demonstrations such as protest marches and football matches are coordinated from the Events Control Suite (ECS) in Birmingham.Public Order courses are hosted at the regional training centre which consists of a converted aircraft hangar on the RAF Cosford site near Telford. The site has facilities allowing officers to experience riot situations including dealing with 'Emotionally Disturbed Person' scenarios during which they are subject to attacks by role playing actors wielding weapons.West Midlands Police operate a Custody Visiting Scheme under which independent representatives from local communities are able to access detention facilities to observe, comment and report upon the welfare and treatment of detained persons. Visits are conducted at random by volunteers working in pairs who then write a report on the feedback gathered during their visit.In 2017 a joint inspection of the force's custody suites was conducted by HMIC and Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons.
West Midlands Police Federation
The West Midlands Police Federation is a part of the Police Federation of England and Wales, which is the representative body for every police officer below the rank of superintendent. Representatives of the Federation are elected for three year terms and must be serving police officers.Police officers are restricted by their regulations from striking and from taking part in politics, hence the Federation represents their interests and negotiates on their behalf in relation to pay, conditions and pensions.
The Federation is funded by a monthly subscription paid from officers' salaries and provides representation and advice to officers who are subject to disciplinary processes.
West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund
The West Midlands Police Benevolent Fund was set up in 1974 following the amalgamation of local forces to form West Midlands Police. The fund is financed by subscriptions from members and donations and monies are distributed on application to the committee to members suffering financial hardship.
Officers killed in the line of duty
The Police Roll of Honour Trust and Police Memorial Trust list and commemorate all British police officers killed in the line of duty. Since its establishment in 1984, the Police Memorial Trust has erected 50 memorials nationally to some of those officers.
The following officers of West Midlands Police are listed by the trust as having died attempting to prevent, stop or solve a crime:
1975: PC David Christopher Green. Fatally stabbed during an arrest
1984: PC Andrew Stephen Le Comte. Fell from a roof while searching for suspects
1984: PC Colin John Hall. Collapsed attending a disturbance and died
1988: PC Gavin Richard Carlton. Shot by armed robber during a police pursuit
1989: PC Anthony John Salt. Fatally injured by falling on a mechanical digger after getting drunk on duty
2001: PC Malcolm Edward Walker. Fatally injured when his motorcycle was struck during a police pursuit
2004: DC Michael Swindells. Fatally stabbed; posthumously awarded Queen's Gallantry Medal
Notable incidents and investigations
21 November 1974 (1974-11-21): Birmingham Pub Bombings: Twenty one people killed and one hundred and eighty two injured after devices exploded in the Mulberry Bush and Tavern in the Town pubs in Birmingham City Centre. Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, six convicted but later compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
19 October 1978 (1978-10-19): Murder of Carl Bridgewater: Investigation by the West Midlands Serious Crimes Squad, four convicted but later released and compensated for wrongful imprisonment.
1989: Review of South Yorkshire Police following the Hillsborough Disaster: Force called in to investigate South Yorkshire officers' conduct after the 1989 stadium crush. West Midlands discovered that South Yorkshire Police had altered 164 witness statements and alleged that they pressured and bullied witnesses to change their statements about the disaster.
July 1996: Wolverhampton machete attack.
2 January 2003 (2003-01-02): Murder of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in a gang-related drive-by machine-gunning.
28 July 2005 (2005-07-28): Birmingham tornado: Officers involved in rescue and recovery operation following a tornado touching down in Sparkbrook.
22 October 2005 (2005-10-22)–23 October 2005 (2005-10-23): Handsworth Riots: Race riots in Handsworth and Lozells on two consecutive nights, following rumours of an alleged gang rape of a teenage black girl by a group of South Asian men. One member of the public died as a result of stab wounds and a police officer was shot and wounded.
2007: Operation Gamble: A plot by British Pakistanis in Birmingham to kidnap and behead a British Muslim soldier. Eight homes and four businesses were raided after an investigation involving intelligence services and other police forces. The investigation led to 9 arrests, 6 of whom were charged.
2010: Papal visit to the United Kingdom: Large policing operation to assist with security measures during Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United Kingdom which included a mass of Beatification in Cofton Park and dinner at St Mary's College, New Oscott, Sutton Coldfield.
6 August 2011 (2011-08-06)–10 August 2011 (2011-08-10): England Riots: Large scale disorders across England affecting the centres of Birmingham, Wolverhampton and West Bromwich, following the death of Mark Duggan
2012: London Olympic Games: Officers from across the West Midlands were involved in policing events in the region and were deployed on Mutual Aid to help assist other forces.
April - July 2013: Attempted Mosque bombings and murder of Mohammed Saleem.
May 2018 - March 2020: Birmingham bathing cult.
17 June 2020 - 4 December 2021: Murder of Arthur Labinjo-Hughes.
28 July and 8 August 2022: Policing the XXII Commonwealth Games.
See also
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom
Table of police forces in the United Kingdom
West Midlands Fire Service
West Midlands Ambulance Service
References
Further reading
M. Talbot, A Peeler in the Family, 2011.
M. Talbot, Birmingham City Police (1939–1945), 2012.
J. Klein, Invisible Men: The Daily Lives of Police Constable in Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2010.
J. Reilly, Policing Birmingham: An Account of 150 Years of Police in Birmingham, West Midlands Police, 1989.
P. Browning, The Good Guys Wear Blue: One Mans Struggle Policing the Tough Streets of Coventry, Reality Press Ltd, 2007.
External links
Official website
West Midlands Police at HMICFRS
|
number of volunteers
|
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|
El testament d'Amèlia is a popular Catalan folk song. It tells the story of a young lady in her deathbed who knowingly drank the poisoned drink given to her by her stepmother, whom she knows has been sleeping with her husband.
It is commonly known as the first part of Miguel Llobet's Canciones Populares Catalanas. Llobet's D minor arrangement has become the accepted classic version for this piece. It has been recorded by Llobet, Andrés Segovia, John Williams, Julian Bream, Pepe Romero, David Russell, Guy Bacon, Chet Atkins, Stefano Grondona and many others.
|
language of work or name
|
{
"answer_start": [
35
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"text": [
"Catalan"
]
}
|
El testament d'Amèlia is a popular Catalan folk song. It tells the story of a young lady in her deathbed who knowingly drank the poisoned drink given to her by her stepmother, whom she knows has been sleeping with her husband.
It is commonly known as the first part of Miguel Llobet's Canciones Populares Catalanas. Llobet's D minor arrangement has become the accepted classic version for this piece. It has been recorded by Llobet, Andrés Segovia, John Williams, Julian Bream, Pepe Romero, David Russell, Guy Bacon, Chet Atkins, Stefano Grondona and many others.
|
form of creative work
|
{
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"text": [
"song"
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|
Sullivan House may refer to:
Sullivan Roadhouse, Delta Junction, AK, listed on the NRHP in Alaska
G. H. Sullivan Lodging House, Kingman, AZ, listed on the NRHP in Arizona
Sullivan–Hillyer House, Rome, GA, listed on the NRHP in Georgia
Sullivan-Kinney House, Pocatello, ID, listed on the NRHP in Idaho
Joseph P. O. Sullivan House, Maywood, IL, listed on the NRHP in Illinois
Bond–Sullivan House, Wichita, KS, listed on the NRHP in Kansas
Sullivan House (Bogalusa, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
Edward Sullivan House, Winchester, MA, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Daniel O'Sullivan House/Halfway House, Flushing, MI, listed on the NRHP in Michigan
Johnson–Sullivant House, Kosciusko, MS, listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
James J. Sullivan House, Hardin, MT, listed on the NRHP in Montana
Sullivan Rooming House, Hardin, MT, listed on the NRHP in Montana
John Sullivan House, Durham, New Hampshire
Roger Sullivan House, Manchester, NH, listed on the NRHP in New Hampshire
Cornelius Sullivan House, Hillsboro, NM, listed on the NRHP in New Mexico
Sullivan House (Laurens, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in South Carolina
Robert Hodge House, Franklin, Tennessee, also known as Sullivan Farm House, NRHP-listed
James R. and Mary E. Sullivan House, Park City, UT, listed on the NRHP in Utah
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"house"
]
}
|
Sullivan House may refer to:
Sullivan Roadhouse, Delta Junction, AK, listed on the NRHP in Alaska
G. H. Sullivan Lodging House, Kingman, AZ, listed on the NRHP in Arizona
Sullivan–Hillyer House, Rome, GA, listed on the NRHP in Georgia
Sullivan-Kinney House, Pocatello, ID, listed on the NRHP in Idaho
Joseph P. O. Sullivan House, Maywood, IL, listed on the NRHP in Illinois
Bond–Sullivan House, Wichita, KS, listed on the NRHP in Kansas
Sullivan House (Bogalusa, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
Edward Sullivan House, Winchester, MA, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Daniel O'Sullivan House/Halfway House, Flushing, MI, listed on the NRHP in Michigan
Johnson–Sullivant House, Kosciusko, MS, listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
James J. Sullivan House, Hardin, MT, listed on the NRHP in Montana
Sullivan Rooming House, Hardin, MT, listed on the NRHP in Montana
John Sullivan House, Durham, New Hampshire
Roger Sullivan House, Manchester, NH, listed on the NRHP in New Hampshire
Cornelius Sullivan House, Hillsboro, NM, listed on the NRHP in New Mexico
Sullivan House (Laurens, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in South Carolina
Robert Hodge House, Franklin, Tennessee, also known as Sullivan Farm House, NRHP-listed
James R. and Mary E. Sullivan House, Park City, UT, listed on the NRHP in Utah
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
454
],
"text": [
"Bogalusa"
]
}
|
Heiðrún or Heidrun is a goat in Norse mythology, who consumes the foliage of the tree Læraðr and produces mead for the einherjar. She is described in the Poetic Edda and Prose Edda.
Prose Edda
Poetic Edda
In the Poetic Edda Heiðrún is mentioned twice. She is described in the Grímnismál in a way similar to Snorri's description.
Since Snorri quotes other strophes of Grímnismál it seems reasonable to assume that he knew this strophe too and used it as his source for his description of Heiðrún.
In the Hyndluljóð the giantess Hyndla (lit. bitch/she-dog) used the term "Heiðrún" to insult the goddess Freyja. Thorpe and some other translators translated the name straight to "she-goat".
Etymology
The etymology of Heiðrún remains debatable. Anatoly Liberman suggests that Heiðþyrnir, the name of the lowest heaven in Scandinavian mythology (from heið "bright sky"), was cut into two, and on the basis of those halves the names the heavenly goat Heiðrún and of the heavenly stag Eikþyrnir were formed (the element rún ~ run concealed several puns, but it is a common suffix of female names). The etymology of the New High German name Heidrun is also debatable.
Heiðrún's name is sometimes anglicized Heidrun, Heidhrun, Heithrun, Heidrún, Heithrún or Heidhrún.
In Popular Culture
Heidrun is a song by Amon Amarth, a Swedish melodic death metal band, about the goat Heiðrún.
See also
Auðumbla, a primeval cow in Norse mythology whose udders produce four rivers of milk, from which Ymir fed
List of people named Heidrun
Bibliography
Bellows, Henry Adams. Translation of the Poetic Edda.
Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.) (2005). Snorra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning : Textar fjögurra meginhandrita.
Hollander, Lee M. (1962). The Poetic Edda. Austin: University of Texas. ISBN 0-292-76499-5.
Jón Helgason (Ed.). (1955). Eddadigte (3 vols.). Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
Liberman, Anatoly (2016). In Prayer and Laughter. Essays on Medieval Scandinavian and Germanic Mythology, Literature, and Culture. Paleograph Press. ISBN 9785895260272.
Young, Jean I. (1964). Snorri Sturluson : the Prose Edda. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01231-3.
== References ==
|
part of
|
{
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"Norse mythology"
]
}
|
Heiðrún or Heidrun is a goat in Norse mythology, who consumes the foliage of the tree Læraðr and produces mead for the einherjar. She is described in the Poetic Edda and Prose Edda.
Prose Edda
Poetic Edda
In the Poetic Edda Heiðrún is mentioned twice. She is described in the Grímnismál in a way similar to Snorri's description.
Since Snorri quotes other strophes of Grímnismál it seems reasonable to assume that he knew this strophe too and used it as his source for his description of Heiðrún.
In the Hyndluljóð the giantess Hyndla (lit. bitch/she-dog) used the term "Heiðrún" to insult the goddess Freyja. Thorpe and some other translators translated the name straight to "she-goat".
Etymology
The etymology of Heiðrún remains debatable. Anatoly Liberman suggests that Heiðþyrnir, the name of the lowest heaven in Scandinavian mythology (from heið "bright sky"), was cut into two, and on the basis of those halves the names the heavenly goat Heiðrún and of the heavenly stag Eikþyrnir were formed (the element rún ~ run concealed several puns, but it is a common suffix of female names). The etymology of the New High German name Heidrun is also debatable.
Heiðrún's name is sometimes anglicized Heidrun, Heidhrun, Heithrun, Heidrún, Heithrún or Heidhrún.
In Popular Culture
Heidrun is a song by Amon Amarth, a Swedish melodic death metal band, about the goat Heiðrún.
See also
Auðumbla, a primeval cow in Norse mythology whose udders produce four rivers of milk, from which Ymir fed
List of people named Heidrun
Bibliography
Bellows, Henry Adams. Translation of the Poetic Edda.
Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.) (2005). Snorra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning : Textar fjögurra meginhandrita.
Hollander, Lee M. (1962). The Poetic Edda. Austin: University of Texas. ISBN 0-292-76499-5.
Jón Helgason (Ed.). (1955). Eddadigte (3 vols.). Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
Liberman, Anatoly (2016). In Prayer and Laughter. Essays on Medieval Scandinavian and Germanic Mythology, Literature, and Culture. Paleograph Press. ISBN 9785895260272.
Young, Jean I. (1964). Snorri Sturluson : the Prose Edda. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01231-3.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Heiðrún"
]
}
|
Tanybria costata is a species of leaf beetle of Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, described by Martin Jacoby in 1898.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Tanybria costata is a species of leaf beetle of Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, described by Martin Jacoby in 1898.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tanybria"
]
}
|
Tanybria costata is a species of leaf beetle of Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, described by Martin Jacoby in 1898.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tanybria costata"
]
}
|
Koriniti is a settlement 47 kilometres (29 mi) upriver from Whanganui, New Zealand, home to the Ngāti Pāmoana hapū of the iwi Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi.The Māori settlement of Operiki was one of the larger on the Whanganui River, with a population of about 200. In 1848 the village was abandoned and a new one built in better agricultural land nearby at Otukopiri, renamed Koriniti by the missionary Richard Taylor, a Māori transliteration of Corinth.Across the river from Koriniti, and reachable only by boat or cable car, is the Flying Fox lodge.
Marae
The local marae (Māori meeting place) is known as Koriniti Marae or Otukopiri Marae. It has three wharenui (meeting houses): Hikurangi Wharerata; the original whare Te Waiherehere, restored by Hõri Pukehika in 1921; and Poutama, moved across the river from Karatia (Galatia) in 1967.Ōperika pā, the original home of Ngāti Pamoana, is nearby.In the 19th century Māori at Koriniti raised £400 to build a flour mill, which was completed in 1854, the same year as the Kawana flour mill near Matahiwi.: 108 In October 2020, the Government committed $287,183 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae, creating 19 jobs.
Notable people
Rangi Hauiti Pokiha (1895–1980), farmer, surveyor, and orator
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"New Zealand"
]
}
|
Longfellow Peak (8,904 feet (2,714 m)) is located in the Livingston Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Longfellow Peak is immediately north of Paul Bunyans Cabin, a rock formation that resembles a log cabin from a distance. Lake Evangeline is northeast of the peak and Ruger Lake is to the east. The mountain was named by R. H. Sargent, topographer for the US Geological Survey in the early mapping of Glacier Park, to honor the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (1807–1882).
Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Longfellow Peak is located in a subarctic climate characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.
See also
List of mountains and mountain ranges of Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Gallery
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"mountain"
]
}
|
Longfellow Peak (8,904 feet (2,714 m)) is located in the Livingston Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Longfellow Peak is immediately north of Paul Bunyans Cabin, a rock formation that resembles a log cabin from a distance. Lake Evangeline is northeast of the peak and Ruger Lake is to the east. The mountain was named by R. H. Sargent, topographer for the US Geological Survey in the early mapping of Glacier Park, to honor the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (1807–1882).
Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Longfellow Peak is located in a subarctic climate characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.
See also
List of mountains and mountain ranges of Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Gallery
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"Montana"
]
}
|
Longfellow Peak (8,904 feet (2,714 m)) is located in the Livingston Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Longfellow Peak is immediately north of Paul Bunyans Cabin, a rock formation that resembles a log cabin from a distance. Lake Evangeline is northeast of the peak and Ruger Lake is to the east. The mountain was named by R. H. Sargent, topographer for the US Geological Survey in the early mapping of Glacier Park, to honor the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (1807–1882).
Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Longfellow Peak is located in a subarctic climate characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.
See also
List of mountains and mountain ranges of Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Gallery
== References ==
|
mountain range
|
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"Livingston Range"
]
}
|
James Coyne could refer to:
James Henry Coyne (1849–1942), Canadian lawyer and historian
James Bowes Coyne, Canadian lawyer and jurist, son of Henry
James Elliott Coyne (1910–2012), Canadian Governor of the Bank of Canada, son of Bowes
James K. Coyne III (born 1946), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
James C. Coyne (born 1947), American psychologist
See also
Jamie Coyne
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"Coyne"
]
}
|
James Coyne could refer to:
James Henry Coyne (1849–1942), Canadian lawyer and historian
James Bowes Coyne, Canadian lawyer and jurist, son of Henry
James Elliott Coyne (1910–2012), Canadian Governor of the Bank of Canada, son of Bowes
James K. Coyne III (born 1946), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
James C. Coyne (born 1947), American psychologist
See also
Jamie Coyne
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"James"
]
}
|
James Coyne could refer to:
James Henry Coyne (1849–1942), Canadian lawyer and historian
James Bowes Coyne, Canadian lawyer and jurist, son of Henry
James Elliott Coyne (1910–2012), Canadian Governor of the Bank of Canada, son of Bowes
James K. Coyne III (born 1946), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
James C. Coyne (born 1947), American psychologist
See also
Jamie Coyne
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"Canada"
]
}
|
James Coyne could refer to:
James Henry Coyne (1849–1942), Canadian lawyer and historian
James Bowes Coyne, Canadian lawyer and jurist, son of Henry
James Elliott Coyne (1910–2012), Canadian Governor of the Bank of Canada, son of Bowes
James K. Coyne III (born 1946), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
James C. Coyne (born 1947), American psychologist
See also
Jamie Coyne
|
position held
|
{
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"Governor of the Bank of Canada"
]
}
|
James Coyne could refer to:
James Henry Coyne (1849–1942), Canadian lawyer and historian
James Bowes Coyne, Canadian lawyer and jurist, son of Henry
James Elliott Coyne (1910–2012), Canadian Governor of the Bank of Canada, son of Bowes
James K. Coyne III (born 1946), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
James C. Coyne (born 1947), American psychologist
See also
Jamie Coyne
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"lawyer"
]
}
|
Sebastian Dalgaard Asmussen (born 23 August 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for USL Championship club Tampa Bay Rowdies. Dalgaard primarily plays on the left wing but can also excel up top as a striker.
Career
Dalgaard was promoted and signed to the first-team squad of FC Fyn in a age of 18-years for the 2009–10 season, even making a few first team appearances as a U19 player. Earning the honors of getting picked for the Danish U-18 national team.On July 1, 2010, Dalgaard left FC Fyn to sign for Denmark Series club BK Marienlyst, inking his second senior-level contract. He went on to make 61 appearances over two seasons with the club, scoring eight goals in 2010–11 and played a big role as Marienlyst won promotion to the Danish 2nd Division. Dalgaard enjoyed interest from multiple 1st Division and Superliga clubs after his time in Marienlyst BK.
Over the 2012–13 winter break, Dalgaard moved to Danish 1st Division club Brønshøj BK joining the legendary coach Bo Henriksen (currently FC Midtjylland). He became a regular in the club's starting lineup, and in January 2014 he extended his contract for a further 18 months.Dalgaard left Denmark for the first time in his career on 15 December 2014, signing for countryman Jimmy Nielsen at United Soccer League club OKC Energy. Dalgaard played a big part of two successful seasons in Oklahoma City, making appearances in both the USL Western Conference Final in 2015 and the USL Western Conference Semi-Final in 2016.On 15 November 2016, Dalgaard got offered a contract across the conference by fellow United Soccer League club Saint Louis FC.After departing Saint Louis, Dalgaard returned to his native Denmark and signed for 2nd Division club Middelfart G&BK on 9 March 2018. After less than two months with the club, he extended his contract to the summer of 2019.In January 2019, Dalgaard returned to the USL Championship and reunited with Jimmy Nielsen by signing with Hartford Athletic.In February 2020, Dalgaard joined Tampa Bay Rowdies, also in the USL Championship. Playing a big role in two historic seasons to win the USL Eastern Conference and making it to the USL Championship Final which was cancelled due to COVID-19.
References
External links
Sebastian Dalgaard at Soccerway
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
534
],
"text": [
"Denmark"
]
}
|
Sebastian Dalgaard Asmussen (born 23 August 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for USL Championship club Tampa Bay Rowdies. Dalgaard primarily plays on the left wing but can also excel up top as a striker.
Career
Dalgaard was promoted and signed to the first-team squad of FC Fyn in a age of 18-years for the 2009–10 season, even making a few first team appearances as a U19 player. Earning the honors of getting picked for the Danish U-18 national team.On July 1, 2010, Dalgaard left FC Fyn to sign for Denmark Series club BK Marienlyst, inking his second senior-level contract. He went on to make 61 appearances over two seasons with the club, scoring eight goals in 2010–11 and played a big role as Marienlyst won promotion to the Danish 2nd Division. Dalgaard enjoyed interest from multiple 1st Division and Superliga clubs after his time in Marienlyst BK.
Over the 2012–13 winter break, Dalgaard moved to Danish 1st Division club Brønshøj BK joining the legendary coach Bo Henriksen (currently FC Midtjylland). He became a regular in the club's starting lineup, and in January 2014 he extended his contract for a further 18 months.Dalgaard left Denmark for the first time in his career on 15 December 2014, signing for countryman Jimmy Nielsen at United Soccer League club OKC Energy. Dalgaard played a big part of two successful seasons in Oklahoma City, making appearances in both the USL Western Conference Final in 2015 and the USL Western Conference Semi-Final in 2016.On 15 November 2016, Dalgaard got offered a contract across the conference by fellow United Soccer League club Saint Louis FC.After departing Saint Louis, Dalgaard returned to his native Denmark and signed for 2nd Division club Middelfart G&BK on 9 March 2018. After less than two months with the club, he extended his contract to the summer of 2019.In January 2019, Dalgaard returned to the USL Championship and reunited with Jimmy Nielsen by signing with Hartford Athletic.In February 2020, Dalgaard joined Tampa Bay Rowdies, also in the USL Championship. Playing a big role in two historic seasons to win the USL Eastern Conference and making it to the USL Championship Final which was cancelled due to COVID-19.
References
External links
Sebastian Dalgaard at Soccerway
|
member of sports team
|
{
"answer_start": [
303
],
"text": [
"FC Fyn"
]
}
|
Sebastian Dalgaard Asmussen (born 23 August 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for USL Championship club Tampa Bay Rowdies. Dalgaard primarily plays on the left wing but can also excel up top as a striker.
Career
Dalgaard was promoted and signed to the first-team squad of FC Fyn in a age of 18-years for the 2009–10 season, even making a few first team appearances as a U19 player. Earning the honors of getting picked for the Danish U-18 national team.On July 1, 2010, Dalgaard left FC Fyn to sign for Denmark Series club BK Marienlyst, inking his second senior-level contract. He went on to make 61 appearances over two seasons with the club, scoring eight goals in 2010–11 and played a big role as Marienlyst won promotion to the Danish 2nd Division. Dalgaard enjoyed interest from multiple 1st Division and Superliga clubs after his time in Marienlyst BK.
Over the 2012–13 winter break, Dalgaard moved to Danish 1st Division club Brønshøj BK joining the legendary coach Bo Henriksen (currently FC Midtjylland). He became a regular in the club's starting lineup, and in January 2014 he extended his contract for a further 18 months.Dalgaard left Denmark for the first time in his career on 15 December 2014, signing for countryman Jimmy Nielsen at United Soccer League club OKC Energy. Dalgaard played a big part of two successful seasons in Oklahoma City, making appearances in both the USL Western Conference Final in 2015 and the USL Western Conference Semi-Final in 2016.On 15 November 2016, Dalgaard got offered a contract across the conference by fellow United Soccer League club Saint Louis FC.After departing Saint Louis, Dalgaard returned to his native Denmark and signed for 2nd Division club Middelfart G&BK on 9 March 2018. After less than two months with the club, he extended his contract to the summer of 2019.In January 2019, Dalgaard returned to the USL Championship and reunited with Jimmy Nielsen by signing with Hartford Athletic.In February 2020, Dalgaard joined Tampa Bay Rowdies, also in the USL Championship. Playing a big role in two historic seasons to win the USL Eastern Conference and making it to the USL Championship Final which was cancelled due to COVID-19.
References
External links
Sebastian Dalgaard at Soccerway
|
league
|
{
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"USL Championship"
]
}
|
Sebastian Dalgaard Asmussen (born 23 August 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for USL Championship club Tampa Bay Rowdies. Dalgaard primarily plays on the left wing but can also excel up top as a striker.
Career
Dalgaard was promoted and signed to the first-team squad of FC Fyn in a age of 18-years for the 2009–10 season, even making a few first team appearances as a U19 player. Earning the honors of getting picked for the Danish U-18 national team.On July 1, 2010, Dalgaard left FC Fyn to sign for Denmark Series club BK Marienlyst, inking his second senior-level contract. He went on to make 61 appearances over two seasons with the club, scoring eight goals in 2010–11 and played a big role as Marienlyst won promotion to the Danish 2nd Division. Dalgaard enjoyed interest from multiple 1st Division and Superliga clubs after his time in Marienlyst BK.
Over the 2012–13 winter break, Dalgaard moved to Danish 1st Division club Brønshøj BK joining the legendary coach Bo Henriksen (currently FC Midtjylland). He became a regular in the club's starting lineup, and in January 2014 he extended his contract for a further 18 months.Dalgaard left Denmark for the first time in his career on 15 December 2014, signing for countryman Jimmy Nielsen at United Soccer League club OKC Energy. Dalgaard played a big part of two successful seasons in Oklahoma City, making appearances in both the USL Western Conference Final in 2015 and the USL Western Conference Semi-Final in 2016.On 15 November 2016, Dalgaard got offered a contract across the conference by fellow United Soccer League club Saint Louis FC.After departing Saint Louis, Dalgaard returned to his native Denmark and signed for 2nd Division club Middelfart G&BK on 9 March 2018. After less than two months with the club, he extended his contract to the summer of 2019.In January 2019, Dalgaard returned to the USL Championship and reunited with Jimmy Nielsen by signing with Hartford Athletic.In February 2020, Dalgaard joined Tampa Bay Rowdies, also in the USL Championship. Playing a big role in two historic seasons to win the USL Eastern Conference and making it to the USL Championship Final which was cancelled due to COVID-19.
References
External links
Sebastian Dalgaard at Soccerway
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"Dalgaard"
]
}
|
Sebastian Dalgaard Asmussen (born 23 August 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for USL Championship club Tampa Bay Rowdies. Dalgaard primarily plays on the left wing but can also excel up top as a striker.
Career
Dalgaard was promoted and signed to the first-team squad of FC Fyn in a age of 18-years for the 2009–10 season, even making a few first team appearances as a U19 player. Earning the honors of getting picked for the Danish U-18 national team.On July 1, 2010, Dalgaard left FC Fyn to sign for Denmark Series club BK Marienlyst, inking his second senior-level contract. He went on to make 61 appearances over two seasons with the club, scoring eight goals in 2010–11 and played a big role as Marienlyst won promotion to the Danish 2nd Division. Dalgaard enjoyed interest from multiple 1st Division and Superliga clubs after his time in Marienlyst BK.
Over the 2012–13 winter break, Dalgaard moved to Danish 1st Division club Brønshøj BK joining the legendary coach Bo Henriksen (currently FC Midtjylland). He became a regular in the club's starting lineup, and in January 2014 he extended his contract for a further 18 months.Dalgaard left Denmark for the first time in his career on 15 December 2014, signing for countryman Jimmy Nielsen at United Soccer League club OKC Energy. Dalgaard played a big part of two successful seasons in Oklahoma City, making appearances in both the USL Western Conference Final in 2015 and the USL Western Conference Semi-Final in 2016.On 15 November 2016, Dalgaard got offered a contract across the conference by fellow United Soccer League club Saint Louis FC.After departing Saint Louis, Dalgaard returned to his native Denmark and signed for 2nd Division club Middelfart G&BK on 9 March 2018. After less than two months with the club, he extended his contract to the summer of 2019.In January 2019, Dalgaard returned to the USL Championship and reunited with Jimmy Nielsen by signing with Hartford Athletic.In February 2020, Dalgaard joined Tampa Bay Rowdies, also in the USL Championship. Playing a big role in two historic seasons to win the USL Eastern Conference and making it to the USL Championship Final which was cancelled due to COVID-19.
References
External links
Sebastian Dalgaard at Soccerway
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sebastian"
]
}
|
Sebastian Dalgaard Asmussen (born 23 August 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for USL Championship club Tampa Bay Rowdies. Dalgaard primarily plays on the left wing but can also excel up top as a striker.
Career
Dalgaard was promoted and signed to the first-team squad of FC Fyn in a age of 18-years for the 2009–10 season, even making a few first team appearances as a U19 player. Earning the honors of getting picked for the Danish U-18 national team.On July 1, 2010, Dalgaard left FC Fyn to sign for Denmark Series club BK Marienlyst, inking his second senior-level contract. He went on to make 61 appearances over two seasons with the club, scoring eight goals in 2010–11 and played a big role as Marienlyst won promotion to the Danish 2nd Division. Dalgaard enjoyed interest from multiple 1st Division and Superliga clubs after his time in Marienlyst BK.
Over the 2012–13 winter break, Dalgaard moved to Danish 1st Division club Brønshøj BK joining the legendary coach Bo Henriksen (currently FC Midtjylland). He became a regular in the club's starting lineup, and in January 2014 he extended his contract for a further 18 months.Dalgaard left Denmark for the first time in his career on 15 December 2014, signing for countryman Jimmy Nielsen at United Soccer League club OKC Energy. Dalgaard played a big part of two successful seasons in Oklahoma City, making appearances in both the USL Western Conference Final in 2015 and the USL Western Conference Semi-Final in 2016.On 15 November 2016, Dalgaard got offered a contract across the conference by fellow United Soccer League club Saint Louis FC.After departing Saint Louis, Dalgaard returned to his native Denmark and signed for 2nd Division club Middelfart G&BK on 9 March 2018. After less than two months with the club, he extended his contract to the summer of 2019.In January 2019, Dalgaard returned to the USL Championship and reunited with Jimmy Nielsen by signing with Hartford Athletic.In February 2020, Dalgaard joined Tampa Bay Rowdies, also in the USL Championship. Playing a big role in two historic seasons to win the USL Eastern Conference and making it to the USL Championship Final which was cancelled due to COVID-19.
References
External links
Sebastian Dalgaard at Soccerway
|
country for sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
534
],
"text": [
"Denmark"
]
}
|
2014 SC324 is a sub-kilometer asteroid and fast rotator, classified as a near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 50 meters in diameter. It was first observed on 30 September 2014, by the Mount Lemmon Survey at an apparent magnitude of 21 using a 1.5-meter (59 in) reflecting telescope. With an absolute magnitude of 24.3, the asteroid is about 37–85 meters in diameter.
Description
The preliminary orbit with a short observation arc of 2 days showed that the asteroid had a very small chance of passing 0.000125 AU (18,700 km; 11,600 mi) from the Moon or 0.0012 AU (180,000 km; 110,000 mi) from Earth on about 23 October 2014. But with an observation arc of 10 days, the nominal (best fit) orbit showed that on 24 October 2014 the asteroid would pass 0.0038 AU (570,000 km; 350,000 mi) (1.5 LD) from Earth and even further from the Moon. The asteroid peaked at apparent magnitude 13.5, placing it in the range of amateurs with roughly 0.25-meter (10 in) telescopes.
It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 10 October 2014 using JPL solution #5 with a 10-day observation arc.It was observed by Goldstone radar on 24–25 October 2014.
References
External links
Near-Earth Asteroid 2014 SC324: an exceptional movie (Virtual Telescope Project – 25 October 2014)
2014 SC324 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
Ephemerides · Observation prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Observational info · Close approaches · Physical info · Orbit animation
2014 SC324 at ESA–space situational awareness
Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical properties · Summary
2014 SC324 at the JPL Small-Body Database
|
discoverer or inventor
|
{
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"Mount Lemmon Survey"
]
}
|
May/September is a 2014 site-specific, permanent art installation created by artist Rob Ley, which is located on the south exterior wall of the Parking Garage on the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus, near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, and is part of the Eskenazi Health Art Collection.
Description
May/September is a 2014 site-specific, permanent art installation created by artist Rob Ley located on the south exterior wall of the Parking Garage on the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus. The work, which measures 60' x 245' x 4', consists of approximately 6,500 anodized aluminum “leaves” or panels of differing angles generally arranged vertically on the vast plane of the parking garage in order to create an “interactive, synthetic terrain.” Inspired by colors found in Hoosier artist T.C. Steele’s Four Seasons, works that are part of a larger mural project created for the hospital more than a century ago, and the changing of Indiana’s four recognizable seasons, the east sides of the installed aluminum panels feature a vibrant yellow color, while west-facing panel faces are dark indigo. This directional color program, in tandem with the differing angles and depths of protrusions, results in a dynamic façade that appears soft and undulating, ever-changing with the viewer’s position and speed. May/September was manufactured in collaboration with Indianapolis Fabrications, also known as iFab, an Indianapolis-based creative project fabrication company.
Historical information
Acquisition
May/September was commissioned by Eskenazi Health as part of a re-imagining of the organization's historical art collection and to support "the sense of optimism, vitality and energy" of its new campus in 2013. In response to its nationwide request for proposals, Eskenazi Health received more than 500 submissions from 39 states, which were then narrowed to 54 finalists by an independent jury. Each of the 54 proposals was assigned an area of the new hospital by Eskenazi Health's art committee and publicly displayed in the existing Wishard Hospital and online for public comment; more than 3,000 public comments on the final proposals were collected and analyzed in the final selection.
Location
May/September is located on the south exterior wall of the Parking Garage located on the Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Awards
May/September is a 2015 Public Art Network (PAN) Year in Review award recipient, the highest recognition for public art in the United States. Along with 30 other award recipients, May/September was chosen from more than 300 nationwide entries and was honored at the Americans for the Arts’ 2015 Annual Convention in Chicago.
Artist
Rob Ley attended University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, where he received his B.Arch, and earned his M.Arch. from the University of California, Los Angeles. Before founding Urbana Studio in 2002, he worked for public artist Cliff Garten, as a designer for Randall Stout Architects, and with Chicago’s MAK Architecture. Ley teaches fabrication and digital technologies undergraduate and graduate studios and seminars at the University of Southern California. He lives in Los Angeles.
See also
Eskenazi Health Art Collection
Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital
References
External links
Rob Ley, Artist's Website
Rob Ley - May/September (video)
Eskenazi Health Art Installations (video)
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"Indiana"
]
}
|
May/September is a 2014 site-specific, permanent art installation created by artist Rob Ley, which is located on the south exterior wall of the Parking Garage on the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus, near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, and is part of the Eskenazi Health Art Collection.
Description
May/September is a 2014 site-specific, permanent art installation created by artist Rob Ley located on the south exterior wall of the Parking Garage on the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus. The work, which measures 60' x 245' x 4', consists of approximately 6,500 anodized aluminum “leaves” or panels of differing angles generally arranged vertically on the vast plane of the parking garage in order to create an “interactive, synthetic terrain.” Inspired by colors found in Hoosier artist T.C. Steele’s Four Seasons, works that are part of a larger mural project created for the hospital more than a century ago, and the changing of Indiana’s four recognizable seasons, the east sides of the installed aluminum panels feature a vibrant yellow color, while west-facing panel faces are dark indigo. This directional color program, in tandem with the differing angles and depths of protrusions, results in a dynamic façade that appears soft and undulating, ever-changing with the viewer’s position and speed. May/September was manufactured in collaboration with Indianapolis Fabrications, also known as iFab, an Indianapolis-based creative project fabrication company.
Historical information
Acquisition
May/September was commissioned by Eskenazi Health as part of a re-imagining of the organization's historical art collection and to support "the sense of optimism, vitality and energy" of its new campus in 2013. In response to its nationwide request for proposals, Eskenazi Health received more than 500 submissions from 39 states, which were then narrowed to 54 finalists by an independent jury. Each of the 54 proposals was assigned an area of the new hospital by Eskenazi Health's art committee and publicly displayed in the existing Wishard Hospital and online for public comment; more than 3,000 public comments on the final proposals were collected and analyzed in the final selection.
Location
May/September is located on the south exterior wall of the Parking Garage located on the Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Awards
May/September is a 2015 Public Art Network (PAN) Year in Review award recipient, the highest recognition for public art in the United States. Along with 30 other award recipients, May/September was chosen from more than 300 nationwide entries and was honored at the Americans for the Arts’ 2015 Annual Convention in Chicago.
Artist
Rob Ley attended University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, where he received his B.Arch, and earned his M.Arch. from the University of California, Los Angeles. Before founding Urbana Studio in 2002, he worked for public artist Cliff Garten, as a designer for Randall Stout Architects, and with Chicago’s MAK Architecture. Ley teaches fabrication and digital technologies undergraduate and graduate studios and seminars at the University of Southern California. He lives in Los Angeles.
See also
Eskenazi Health Art Collection
Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital
References
External links
Rob Ley, Artist's Website
Rob Ley - May/September (video)
Eskenazi Health Art Installations (video)
|
location
|
{
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital"
]
}
|
Daisy Town may refer to:
Daisy Town (film), a 1971 French-Belgian film based upon the comic book character Lucky Luke
Daisy Town (comics), a 1983 Lucky Luke comic, adapted from the film
|
original language of film or TV show
|
{
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"French"
]
}
|
Daisy Town may refer to:
Daisy Town (film), a 1971 French-Belgian film based upon the comic book character Lucky Luke
Daisy Town (comics), a 1983 Lucky Luke comic, adapted from the film
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"Lucky Luke"
]
}
|
Daisy Town may refer to:
Daisy Town (film), a 1971 French-Belgian film based upon the comic book character Lucky Luke
Daisy Town (comics), a 1983 Lucky Luke comic, adapted from the film
|
duration
|
{
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"71"
]
}
|
Daisy Town may refer to:
Daisy Town (film), a 1971 French-Belgian film based upon the comic book character Lucky Luke
Daisy Town (comics), a 1983 Lucky Luke comic, adapted from the film
|
part of the series
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"Lucky Luke"
]
}
|
Daisy Town may refer to:
Daisy Town (film), a 1971 French-Belgian film based upon the comic book character Lucky Luke
Daisy Town (comics), a 1983 Lucky Luke comic, adapted from the film
|
media franchise
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"Lucky Luke"
]
}
|
Rosewell and Hawthornden railway station served the village of Rosewell, Midlothian, Scotland from 1855 to 1962 on the Peebles Railway.
History
The station opened on 4 July 1855 by the Peebles Railway. The station was situated on the south side of the A6094. In March 1872 the NBR requested that Rosewell should be added to the beginning of the station's name. The directors of the Peebles Railway declined this, although it was later changed. Various combinations were used, such as Hawthornden & Rosewell and Hawthornden Junction & Rosewell, but Rosewell and Hawthornden was eventually used from 9 July 1928. The goods yard was to the west of the down platform and had one siding which ran to a cattle dock. The station was closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 10 September 1962.
References
== External links ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"railway station"
]
}
|
Rosewell and Hawthornden railway station served the village of Rosewell, Midlothian, Scotland from 1855 to 1962 on the Peebles Railway.
History
The station opened on 4 July 1855 by the Peebles Railway. The station was situated on the south side of the A6094. In March 1872 the NBR requested that Rosewell should be added to the beginning of the station's name. The directors of the Peebles Railway declined this, although it was later changed. Various combinations were used, such as Hawthornden & Rosewell and Hawthornden Junction & Rosewell, but Rosewell and Hawthornden was eventually used from 9 July 1928. The goods yard was to the west of the down platform and had one siding which ran to a cattle dock. The station was closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 10 September 1962.
References
== External links ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"Midlothian"
]
}
|
Rosewell and Hawthornden railway station served the village of Rosewell, Midlothian, Scotland from 1855 to 1962 on the Peebles Railway.
History
The station opened on 4 July 1855 by the Peebles Railway. The station was situated on the south side of the A6094. In March 1872 the NBR requested that Rosewell should be added to the beginning of the station's name. The directors of the Peebles Railway declined this, although it was later changed. Various combinations were used, such as Hawthornden & Rosewell and Hawthornden Junction & Rosewell, but Rosewell and Hawthornden was eventually used from 9 July 1928. The goods yard was to the west of the down platform and had one siding which ran to a cattle dock. The station was closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 10 September 1962.
References
== External links ==
|
operator
|
{
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"Peebles Railway"
]
}
|
Rosewell and Hawthornden railway station served the village of Rosewell, Midlothian, Scotland from 1855 to 1962 on the Peebles Railway.
History
The station opened on 4 July 1855 by the Peebles Railway. The station was situated on the south side of the A6094. In March 1872 the NBR requested that Rosewell should be added to the beginning of the station's name. The directors of the Peebles Railway declined this, although it was later changed. Various combinations were used, such as Hawthornden & Rosewell and Hawthornden Junction & Rosewell, but Rosewell and Hawthornden was eventually used from 9 July 1928. The goods yard was to the west of the down platform and had one siding which ran to a cattle dock. The station was closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 10 September 1962.
References
== External links ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rosewell and Hawthornden railway station"
]
}
|
Rosewell and Hawthornden railway station served the village of Rosewell, Midlothian, Scotland from 1855 to 1962 on the Peebles Railway.
History
The station opened on 4 July 1855 by the Peebles Railway. The station was situated on the south side of the A6094. In March 1872 the NBR requested that Rosewell should be added to the beginning of the station's name. The directors of the Peebles Railway declined this, although it was later changed. Various combinations were used, such as Hawthornden & Rosewell and Hawthornden Junction & Rosewell, but Rosewell and Hawthornden was eventually used from 9 July 1928. The goods yard was to the west of the down platform and had one siding which ran to a cattle dock. The station was closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 10 September 1962.
References
== External links ==
|
historic county
|
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"Midlothian"
]
}
|
Creolimax fragrantissima is a single-celled protist that occupies a key phylogenetic position to understand the origin of animals. It was isolated from the digestive tract of some marine invertebrates, mainly from the peanut worm, collected from the Northeast Pacific.
Taxonomy
Creolimax is a member of the Ichthyosporea, which is the earliest branching holozoan lineage.
Applications
Creolimax is one of the few ichthyosporeans that is culturable. It can be easily grown in the lab through cycles of asexual reproduction. Each cycle comprises two stages. First, a growth stage, in which the cells, which are non-motile, contain several nuclei, a cell wall, and a big central vacuole. This stage is followed by a release of motile amoeboids, which are mono-nucleated and non-dividing. Characterising those two stages can help to elucidate the development of specific cell types in multicellular animals.
Moreover, it has been shown that Creolimax uses a complex gene regulation system, including long non-coding RNAs and exon skipping alternative splicing, which were normally associated with multicellular animals.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Creolimax"
]
}
|
Creolimax fragrantissima is a single-celled protist that occupies a key phylogenetic position to understand the origin of animals. It was isolated from the digestive tract of some marine invertebrates, mainly from the peanut worm, collected from the Northeast Pacific.
Taxonomy
Creolimax is a member of the Ichthyosporea, which is the earliest branching holozoan lineage.
Applications
Creolimax is one of the few ichthyosporeans that is culturable. It can be easily grown in the lab through cycles of asexual reproduction. Each cycle comprises two stages. First, a growth stage, in which the cells, which are non-motile, contain several nuclei, a cell wall, and a big central vacuole. This stage is followed by a release of motile amoeboids, which are mono-nucleated and non-dividing. Characterising those two stages can help to elucidate the development of specific cell types in multicellular animals.
Moreover, it has been shown that Creolimax uses a complex gene regulation system, including long non-coding RNAs and exon skipping alternative splicing, which were normally associated with multicellular animals.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Creolimax fragrantissima"
]
}
|
Creolimax fragrantissima is a single-celled protist that occupies a key phylogenetic position to understand the origin of animals. It was isolated from the digestive tract of some marine invertebrates, mainly from the peanut worm, collected from the Northeast Pacific.
Taxonomy
Creolimax is a member of the Ichthyosporea, which is the earliest branching holozoan lineage.
Applications
Creolimax is one of the few ichthyosporeans that is culturable. It can be easily grown in the lab through cycles of asexual reproduction. Each cycle comprises two stages. First, a growth stage, in which the cells, which are non-motile, contain several nuclei, a cell wall, and a big central vacuole. This stage is followed by a release of motile amoeboids, which are mono-nucleated and non-dividing. Characterising those two stages can help to elucidate the development of specific cell types in multicellular animals.
Moreover, it has been shown that Creolimax uses a complex gene regulation system, including long non-coding RNAs and exon skipping alternative splicing, which were normally associated with multicellular animals.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Creolimax fragrantissima"
]
}
|
Maidoly Poumier (born 1984) is a team handball player from Cuba. She has played on the Cuba women's national handball team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"Cuba"
]
}
|
Maidoly Poumier (born 1984) is a team handball player from Cuba. She has played on the Cuba women's national handball team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"handball player"
]
}
|
Maidoly Poumier (born 1984) is a team handball player from Cuba. She has played on the Cuba women's national handball team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
== References ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"handball"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"film"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
director
|
{
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"Ken Loach"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
screenwriter
|
{
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"Paul Laverty"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
cast member
|
{
"answer_start": [
4921
],
"text": [
"Gary Lewis"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
original language of film or TV show
|
{
"answer_start": [
5839
],
"text": [
"Spanish"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
country of origin
|
{
"answer_start": [
161
],
"text": [
"Spain"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
narrative location
|
{
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"Glasgow"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
filming location
|
{
"answer_start": [
5352
],
"text": [
"Scotland"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
AlloCiné film ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
5987
],
"text": [
"26261"
]
}
|
Carla's Song is a 1996 film directed by Ken Loach and written by Paul Laverty, that deals with the impact of the Contra War in Nicaragua. It is a United Kingdom–Spain–Germany co-production.
Plot
Set in 1987, Carla's Song tells the story of love in a time of war. The plot follows the relationship between a Scottish bus driver, George Lennox (Robert Carlyle) and Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), a Nicaraguan refugee living in Glasgow. George first encounters Carla when she sneaks onto his bus without paying the fare. They go out for coffee but Carla seems hesitant to tell George anything about her life or where she's from. When Carla needs a place to stay George arranges for her to stay at his friend's place.
Later George returns to his friend's flat and finds Carla in the bathtub where she has slit her wrists. George takes her to the hospital where he learns that Carla also attempted suicide six weeks ago. George stays by Carla's side in the hospital while she is recovering.
Carla later explains that she read letters from her boyfriend, Antonio (Richard Loza), which she had never been able to open before. She was so horrified by the content of the letters that she tried to take her own life. Carla tells him that she doesn't know what happened to her boyfriend Antonio or to her family and asks George to hold her. She appears to be haunted by her past and suffering the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder.
George decides they need to return to a war-torn Nicaragua to find out what happened to Antonio and Carla's family. George begins to learn and about the U.S.-sponsored Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas. When they return to Nicaragua, they find Bradley, a U.S. citizen who is working as an aid worker and helping other U.S. citizens document human rights abuses conducted by the Contras. Bradley claims that he doesn't know the whereabouts of Carla's boyfriend and says that he will be heading North soon and that Carla should join him.
While Carla and George are taking a truck to the North of the country, the truck engine overheats and explodes in a burst of steam making a sound resembling gunfire. Carla completely breaks down and becomes catatonic when she hears this, and George tries to comfort her. Bradley happens by in a 4x4 and offers to take them off the truck and give them a ride while attempting to calm Carla down.
Bradley later admits that Antonio has been staying with him. Carla tells Bradley that he needs to let go of his past, which he seems to be struggling with also. Carla has terrible night horrors where she relives the experience of being in the revolution and their group being attacked by the Contras. In the nightmare, Carla is shot in the back several times yet manages to flee while the Contras descend on Antonio who falls after being shot. Carla's watches on in horror from some bushes.
On the way to Carla's family, a group of Sandinistas warns them that there are Contra fighters in the area. Carla finds her family and introduces George to them. Later that night, heavily armed Contras attack the village. The Contras kill many people and huge explosions go off around the village, while Sandinista villagers return fire.
In the morning George discovers that Carla and Antonio have a baby daughter. George asks Carla to return to Glasgow with him and bring the baby, but Carla refuses. George meets Bradley who seems absolutely incensed. Bradley explains that the Contras, who are operating out of Honduras, are a CIA-organized and funded group. Bradley then explains how Antonio was captured by the Contras, who used CIA torture methods. The Contras cut out Antonio's tongue, broke his spine in several places with rifle butts leaving him paralysed, and poured acid on his face, all while Carla watched from her hiding place in the bushes.
George breaks down when he hears what Carla has suffered through and runs to find her. George finds Carla's family who gives him a letter which Carla left for him. The letter says that Carla is heading north to find Antonio, and implies she may try to take her own life again. George steals a bus and Bradley joins him to help find Carla. They head to Bradley's village and find Carla in a room curled up and terrified of reuniting with Antonio. George encourages her to visit Antonio and explains that she will have to do this alone, that he can't do it with her.
Antonio is sitting on a stool in Bradley's house, a guitar in hand. Antonio's face is severely disfigured from the acid mutilation. Antonio reaches out to Carla and begins to play his guitar. Carla tearfully sings her song in accompaniment with the guitar. George prepares to return to Glasgow the next day, having found closure as both he and Carla keep one another in their hearts.
Cast
Robert Carlyle - George Lennox
Oyanka Cabezas - Carla
Scott Glenn - Bradley
Salvador Espinoza - Rafael
Louise Goodall - Maureen
Richard Loza - Antonio
Gary Lewis as Sammy
Soundtrack
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 86% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 6.7 out of 10.The film opened with a gross of £71,968 in the UK from 42 screens in its opening weekend.
Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards and for Best Feature Film at the 1997 BAFTA Awards, Scotland. Ken Loach won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal at the 1996 Venice Film Festival. The film also won the Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject at the 1996 Havana Film Festival. In 1998 Robert Carlyle won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor for his performance, as well as the 1998 London Critics Circle Film Awards British Actor of the Year Award.
See also
List of British films of 1996
List of Spanish films of 1996
References
External links
Carla's Song at IMDb
Carla's Song at the BFI's Screenonline
https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-26261/soundtrack/
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Carla's Song"
]
}
|
Hiebara Dam is a gravity dam located in Shimane Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 4.6 km2. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 1210 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1980 and completed in 2004.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
}
|
Hiebara Dam is a gravity dam located in Shimane Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 4.6 km2. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 1210 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1980 and completed in 2004.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"dam"
]
}
|
Hiebara Dam is a gravity dam located in Shimane Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 4.6 km2. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 1210 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1980 and completed in 2004.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"Shimane Prefecture"
]
}
|
Serbs in Norway (Norwegian: Serber; Serbian: Срби у Норвешкој/Srbi u Norveškoj) are Norwegian citizens and residents of ethnic Serb descent or Serbian-born persons who reside in Norway.
Demographics
The Norwegian census data includes immigrants with country of birth (first-generation) and Norwegian-born with immigrant parentage (second-generation), but does not include ethnicity, thus, the total number of ethnic Serbs in Norway is hard to define. According to 2006 data, there were 10,042 immigrants from Serbia and Montenegro, 2,863 with parents from that country, 12,718 from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2,104 with parents from that country, 2,566 from Croatia, 449 with parents from that country. In 2001, the number of immigrants from FR Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) was 15,469. 2017 data lists 6,396 immigrants from Serbia and Norwegian-born descendants.The Serbian Ministry of Diaspora estimated in 2007 that there was a Serb diaspora community numbering ca. 2,500 people in Norway. This data includes emigrants from Serbia as well as ethnic Serbs or other minorities who view Serbia as their nation-state.
History
Serbs and Serbians have migrated to Norway as guest and migrant workers during Socialist Yugoslavia, and as refugees of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s.
Notable people
See also
Norway–Serbia relations
Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Britain and Scandinavia
Serbs in Sweden
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Norway"
]
}
|
Sasho is a male given name that is a diminutive of Alexander and which originates in Bulgaria and North Macedonia The name may refer to:
Sasho Angelov (born 1969), Bulgarian football player and manager
Sasho Cirovski (born 1962), American football coach
Sasho Mijalkov (born 1965), Macedonian politician
Sasho Pargov (born 1946), Bulgarian football player
Sasho Petrovski (born 1975), Australian football player
Sasho Nikolov, Canadian theoretical computer scientist
See also
Sasha (disambiguation)
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"male given name"
]
}
|
Sasho is a male given name that is a diminutive of Alexander and which originates in Bulgaria and North Macedonia The name may refer to:
Sasho Angelov (born 1969), Bulgarian football player and manager
Sasho Cirovski (born 1962), American football coach
Sasho Mijalkov (born 1965), Macedonian politician
Sasho Pargov (born 1946), Bulgarian football player
Sasho Petrovski (born 1975), Australian football player
Sasho Nikolov, Canadian theoretical computer scientist
See also
Sasha (disambiguation)
== References ==
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sasho"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Perano"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Italy"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Perano"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
capital of
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Perano"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Perano"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
capital
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Perano"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Perano"
]
}
|
Perano is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy
== References ==
|
De Agostini ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Perano"
]
}
|
I, John is the second album by rapper John Forté. It was released in 2002 on the indie label Transparent. Recorded while he was awaiting sentencing for drug distribution charges, Forte's album was arguably the most introspective, reflective, and experimental of his short career. "Harmonize" rides a classic break beat and shows the styling that he employed so successfully with the Fugees. However, "Been There, Done That" might as well be an alternative rock song, and "Reunion" closes the album in acoustic fashion. "Will you hold a place for me?" John vulnerably sings.
Track listing
"What A Difference"
Featuring Dinah Washington
"Harmonize"
Featuring Robyn Springer
"What You're Used To"
"Trouble Again"
Featuring Tricky
"All the Pretty People"
"Take Time, Slow Down"
"Beware"
"Been There, Done That"
Featuring Carly Simon
"How Could I?"
Featuring Esthero
"Out of Bed"
"Hungry"
"Dearest Father"
"Lady"
"Reunion"
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"album"
]
}
|
I, John is the second album by rapper John Forté. It was released in 2002 on the indie label Transparent. Recorded while he was awaiting sentencing for drug distribution charges, Forte's album was arguably the most introspective, reflective, and experimental of his short career. "Harmonize" rides a classic break beat and shows the styling that he employed so successfully with the Fugees. However, "Been There, Done That" might as well be an alternative rock song, and "Reunion" closes the album in acoustic fashion. "Will you hold a place for me?" John vulnerably sings.
Track listing
"What A Difference"
Featuring Dinah Washington
"Harmonize"
Featuring Robyn Springer
"What You're Used To"
"Trouble Again"
Featuring Tricky
"All the Pretty People"
"Take Time, Slow Down"
"Beware"
"Been There, Done That"
Featuring Carly Simon
"How Could I?"
Featuring Esthero
"Out of Bed"
"Hungry"
"Dearest Father"
"Lady"
"Reunion"
== References ==
|
performer
|
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"John Forté"
]
}
|
Giorgio Albani (born 15 June 1929 – 29 July 2015) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in ten editions of the Giro d'Italia, and won seven stages.
Major results
References
External links
Giorgio Albani at Cycling Archives
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Albani"
]
}
|
Giorgio Albani (born 15 June 1929 – 29 July 2015) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in ten editions of the Giro d'Italia, and won seven stages.
Major results
References
External links
Giorgio Albani at Cycling Archives
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Giorgio"
]
}
|
Giorgio Albani (born 15 June 1929 – 29 July 2015) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in ten editions of the Giro d'Italia, and won seven stages.
Major results
References
External links
Giorgio Albani at Cycling Archives
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"Italian"
]
}
|
Nancy Ford Cones (September 11, 1869 – January 3, 1962) was an early photographer from Loveland, Ohio, where she documented country life.
Biography
Born in Milan, Ohio in 1868, Cones was a doctor's daughter. When she was 25, her father sent her to a photographic studio to learn how to retouch after which she began taking photographs herself in the pictorial style. Impressed by her early work, her father bought her an interest in a studio in Mechanicsburg, Ohio. In 1900, she married James Cones, also a photographer, who assisted her with darkroom work, frequently using the gum bichromate printing process. The couple first moved to Covington, Kentucky where they ran a studio together before settling at Roads Inn farm near Loveland, Ohio in 1905. That year, with a photograph title "Threading the needle", Cones finished second to Eduard Steichen in an Eastman Kodak competition which attracted 28,000 entries. Her "Calling The Ferryman" came in first in the Photo-Era contest in 1907. Most of her photographs were of family and friends on the farm. They proved popular for the advertising campaigns of Eastman Kodak, Bausch & Lomb and other camera firms. Some of them also appeared in Country Life in America and Woman's Home Companion. In 1926, the couple spent a year in Mariemont, Ohio, where they had been commissioned to photograph the new town.Nancy Cones' interest in photography came to an end after her husband's death in 1939. She remained on the Loveland family farm where she died in 1962.
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"Milan"
]
}
|
Nancy Ford Cones (September 11, 1869 – January 3, 1962) was an early photographer from Loveland, Ohio, where she documented country life.
Biography
Born in Milan, Ohio in 1868, Cones was a doctor's daughter. When she was 25, her father sent her to a photographic studio to learn how to retouch after which she began taking photographs herself in the pictorial style. Impressed by her early work, her father bought her an interest in a studio in Mechanicsburg, Ohio. In 1900, she married James Cones, also a photographer, who assisted her with darkroom work, frequently using the gum bichromate printing process. The couple first moved to Covington, Kentucky where they ran a studio together before settling at Roads Inn farm near Loveland, Ohio in 1905. That year, with a photograph title "Threading the needle", Cones finished second to Eduard Steichen in an Eastman Kodak competition which attracted 28,000 entries. Her "Calling The Ferryman" came in first in the Photo-Era contest in 1907. Most of her photographs were of family and friends on the farm. They proved popular for the advertising campaigns of Eastman Kodak, Bausch & Lomb and other camera firms. Some of them also appeared in Country Life in America and Woman's Home Companion. In 1926, the couple spent a year in Mariemont, Ohio, where they had been commissioned to photograph the new town.Nancy Cones' interest in photography came to an end after her husband's death in 1939. She remained on the Loveland family farm where she died in 1962.
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"photographer"
]
}
|
Nancy Ford Cones (September 11, 1869 – January 3, 1962) was an early photographer from Loveland, Ohio, where she documented country life.
Biography
Born in Milan, Ohio in 1868, Cones was a doctor's daughter. When she was 25, her father sent her to a photographic studio to learn how to retouch after which she began taking photographs herself in the pictorial style. Impressed by her early work, her father bought her an interest in a studio in Mechanicsburg, Ohio. In 1900, she married James Cones, also a photographer, who assisted her with darkroom work, frequently using the gum bichromate printing process. The couple first moved to Covington, Kentucky where they ran a studio together before settling at Roads Inn farm near Loveland, Ohio in 1905. That year, with a photograph title "Threading the needle", Cones finished second to Eduard Steichen in an Eastman Kodak competition which attracted 28,000 entries. Her "Calling The Ferryman" came in first in the Photo-Era contest in 1907. Most of her photographs were of family and friends on the farm. They proved popular for the advertising campaigns of Eastman Kodak, Bausch & Lomb and other camera firms. Some of them also appeared in Country Life in America and Woman's Home Companion. In 1926, the couple spent a year in Mariemont, Ohio, where they had been commissioned to photograph the new town.Nancy Cones' interest in photography came to an end after her husband's death in 1939. She remained on the Loveland family farm where she died in 1962.
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"Ford"
]
}
|
Nancy Ford Cones (September 11, 1869 – January 3, 1962) was an early photographer from Loveland, Ohio, where she documented country life.
Biography
Born in Milan, Ohio in 1868, Cones was a doctor's daughter. When she was 25, her father sent her to a photographic studio to learn how to retouch after which she began taking photographs herself in the pictorial style. Impressed by her early work, her father bought her an interest in a studio in Mechanicsburg, Ohio. In 1900, she married James Cones, also a photographer, who assisted her with darkroom work, frequently using the gum bichromate printing process. The couple first moved to Covington, Kentucky where they ran a studio together before settling at Roads Inn farm near Loveland, Ohio in 1905. That year, with a photograph title "Threading the needle", Cones finished second to Eduard Steichen in an Eastman Kodak competition which attracted 28,000 entries. Her "Calling The Ferryman" came in first in the Photo-Era contest in 1907. Most of her photographs were of family and friends on the farm. They proved popular for the advertising campaigns of Eastman Kodak, Bausch & Lomb and other camera firms. Some of them also appeared in Country Life in America and Woman's Home Companion. In 1926, the couple spent a year in Mariemont, Ohio, where they had been commissioned to photograph the new town.Nancy Cones' interest in photography came to an end after her husband's death in 1939. She remained on the Loveland family farm where she died in 1962.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Nancy"
]
}
|
Saalim Abdul Hakim (born February 1, 1990) is a former American football wide receiver. He was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football at Palomar College and Tarleton State. He is the younger brother of former NFL wide receiver and punt returner Az-Zahir Hakim.
Amateur career
Hakim did not play organized football on any level until his senior year of high school. Hakim spent his first three years of high school at a Muslim school in Atlanta which did not have a football team. He then transferred to Palo Verde High School in Nevada. After graduating high school, he played college football at Palomar College in San Marcos, California before earning a scholarship to play for Cary Fowler at Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas. Hakim spent one season as a reserve at Tarleton State before leaving for the pros.
Professional career
Las Vegas Locomotives
He played the 2011 season with the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League. He played four games in which he recorded 3 receptions, 81 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown.
Dallas Cowboys
On April 30, 2012, he signed with the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent. Hakim missed two weeks of training camp due to a finger injury and was released by the team before the start of the regular season.
St. Louis Rams
On November 7, 2012, he signed with the St. Louis Rams.
New Orleans Saints
On December 18, 2012, he was promoted from the practice squad to the active roster after the team placed strong safety Corey White on injured reserve due to a knee injury. On August 31, 2013, he was released.
New York Jets
On October 10, 2013, he signed with the New York Jets to join the practice squad. On December 13, 2013, Hakim was placed on the Jets active roster, after a season-ending injury to receiver Stephen Hill.
On October 26, 2014, Hakim made a diving tackle on Buffalo Bills rookie receiver Sammy Watkins, who slowed down on his way to the endzone in celebration. Watkins was downed at the five after having gained 84-yards on the play.
On August 29, 2015 Hakim was one of twelve players to be cut by the New York Jets.
Detroit Lions
On September 8, 2015, Saalim was signed to the Detroit Lions' practice squad. On September 17, 2015, he was released from practice squad.
Kansas City Chiefs
On October 13, 2015, Saalim was signed to the Kansas City Chiefs' practice squad. On November 9, 2015, he was promoted to the active roster. On November 28, 2015, he was waived.
Cleveland Browns
Hakim signed with the Cleveland Browns on April 25, 2016. On May 2, 2016, he was released.
Personal life
His brother is former NFL wide receiver Az-Zahir Hakim, was selected in the fourth round, 96th overall pick by the St. Louis Rams in the 1998 NFL Draft. Hakim is a devout Muslim who prays five times daily.
References
External links
Palomar bio
Tarleton bio
St. Louis Rams bio
New Orleans Saints bio
New York Jets bio
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
490
],
"text": [
"Atlanta"
]
}
|
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