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Siegmund Mayer (December 27, 1842 – September, 1910) was a German physiologist and histologist.
Mayer was born in Bechtheim in Rhenish Hesse. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg, Giessen and Tübingen, where in 1865 he obtained his doctorate. He subsequently worked with Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821–1894) in Heidelberg, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1816–1895) and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (1839–1884) in Leipzig, and with Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (1819–1892) in Vienna.
In 1869 he was habilitated for physiology at Vienna, and during the next year became Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering's assistant in Prague. In 1872 he became an associate professor and in 1887 a full professor. From 1880 he was director at the newly founded institute of histology.
Mayer made several important contributions particularly concerning the physiology of the heart and vessels, respiration and intestines. He was one of the first to describe chromaffin cells in the sympathetic nerve, and with Ewald Hering and Ludwig Traube, his name is associated with "Traube–Hering–Mayer waves", a phenomenon that deals with rhythmic variations in arterial blood pressure.In addition to his scholarly papers published in scientific journals, he made contributions to Salomon Stricker's Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen und der Thiere (1872) and to Ludimar Hermann's Handbuch der Physiologie (1879). He was also author of Histologisches Taschenbuch (1887).
Mayer died September 1910 in Prague.
Publications
Studien zur Physiologie des Herzens und der Blutgefässe 6. Abhandlung: Über spontane Blutdruckschwankungen. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Anatomie, 1876, 74: 281–307
References
Sigmund Mayer @ the Jewish Encyclopedia, retrieved 5 April 2009.
Siegmund Mayer @ Who Named It, retrieved 5 April 2009.
Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950, Bd. 5, 1972. ISBN 3-7001-2146-6, S. 446f.
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languages spoken, written or signed
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{
"answer_start": [
59
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"text": [
"German"
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Siegmund Mayer (December 27, 1842 – September, 1910) was a German physiologist and histologist.
Mayer was born in Bechtheim in Rhenish Hesse. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg, Giessen and Tübingen, where in 1865 he obtained his doctorate. He subsequently worked with Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821–1894) in Heidelberg, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1816–1895) and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (1839–1884) in Leipzig, and with Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (1819–1892) in Vienna.
In 1869 he was habilitated for physiology at Vienna, and during the next year became Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering's assistant in Prague. In 1872 he became an associate professor and in 1887 a full professor. From 1880 he was director at the newly founded institute of histology.
Mayer made several important contributions particularly concerning the physiology of the heart and vessels, respiration and intestines. He was one of the first to describe chromaffin cells in the sympathetic nerve, and with Ewald Hering and Ludwig Traube, his name is associated with "Traube–Hering–Mayer waves", a phenomenon that deals with rhythmic variations in arterial blood pressure.In addition to his scholarly papers published in scientific journals, he made contributions to Salomon Stricker's Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen und der Thiere (1872) and to Ludimar Hermann's Handbuch der Physiologie (1879). He was also author of Histologisches Taschenbuch (1887).
Mayer died September 1910 in Prague.
Publications
Studien zur Physiologie des Herzens und der Blutgefässe 6. Abhandlung: Über spontane Blutdruckschwankungen. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Anatomie, 1876, 74: 281–307
References
Sigmund Mayer @ the Jewish Encyclopedia, retrieved 5 April 2009.
Siegmund Mayer @ Who Named It, retrieved 5 April 2009.
Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950, Bd. 5, 1972. ISBN 3-7001-2146-6, S. 446f.
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name in native language
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{
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"Siegmund Mayer"
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Burguillos de Toledo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1993 inhabitants.
== References ==
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country
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{
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93
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"text": [
"Spain"
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Burguillos de Toledo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1993 inhabitants.
== References ==
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capital
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{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Burguillos de Toledo"
]
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Burguillos de Toledo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1993 inhabitants.
== References ==
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shares border with
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{
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Burguillos de Toledo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1993 inhabitants.
== References ==
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located in the administrative territorial entity
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{
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Burguillos de Toledo"
]
}
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Burguillos de Toledo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1993 inhabitants.
== References ==
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capital of
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{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Burguillos de Toledo"
]
}
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Burguillos de Toledo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1993 inhabitants.
== References ==
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Commons category
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{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Burguillos de Toledo"
]
}
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Burguillos de Toledo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1993 inhabitants.
== References ==
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official name
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{
"answer_start": [
0
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"Burguillos de Toledo"
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Deep Roots may refer to:
Deep Roots (radio program), a Canadian radio program focusing on folk and roots music
Deep Roots (Steven Curtis Chapman album), 2013
Deep Roots (Lorez Alexandria album), 1962
Deep Roots (novel), 2018 novel by Ruthanna Emrys
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author
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{
"answer_start": [
235
],
"text": [
"Ruthanna Emrys"
]
}
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Deep Roots may refer to:
Deep Roots (radio program), a Canadian radio program focusing on folk and roots music
Deep Roots (Steven Curtis Chapman album), 2013
Deep Roots (Lorez Alexandria album), 1962
Deep Roots (novel), 2018 novel by Ruthanna Emrys
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title
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{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Deep Roots"
]
}
|
Deep Roots may refer to:
Deep Roots (radio program), a Canadian radio program focusing on folk and roots music
Deep Roots (Steven Curtis Chapman album), 2013
Deep Roots (Lorez Alexandria album), 1962
Deep Roots (novel), 2018 novel by Ruthanna Emrys
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form of creative work
|
{
"answer_start": [
213
],
"text": [
"novel"
]
}
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Deep Roots may refer to:
Deep Roots (radio program), a Canadian radio program focusing on folk and roots music
Deep Roots (Steven Curtis Chapman album), 2013
Deep Roots (Lorez Alexandria album), 1962
Deep Roots (novel), 2018 novel by Ruthanna Emrys
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"radio program"
]
}
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Deep Roots may refer to:
Deep Roots (radio program), a Canadian radio program focusing on folk and roots music
Deep Roots (Steven Curtis Chapman album), 2013
Deep Roots (Lorez Alexandria album), 1962
Deep Roots (novel), 2018 novel by Ruthanna Emrys
|
performer
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{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"Steven Curtis Chapman"
]
}
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The following units and commanders fought in the Battle of Iuka of the American Civil War. Order of battle compiled from the army organization, return of casualties and reports.
Abbreviations used
Military rank
MG = Major General
BG = Brigadier General
Col = Colonel
Other
k = killed
w = wounded
Union
Army of the Mississippi
MG William S. Rosecrans
Confederate
Army of the West
MG Sterling Price
Notes
References
U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
Cozzens, Peter. The Darkest Days of the War: The Battles of Iuka and Corinth. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8078-2320-1
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conflict
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{
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Karafestan (Persian: كرفستان, also Romanized as Karafestān) is a village in Malfejan Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 92, in 29 families.
== References ==
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country
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{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"Iran"
]
}
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Karafestan (Persian: كرفستان, also Romanized as Karafestān) is a village in Malfejan Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 92, in 29 families.
== References ==
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instance of
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{
"answer_start": [
65
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"text": [
"village"
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}
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Karafestan (Persian: كرفستان, also Romanized as Karafestān) is a village in Malfejan Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 92, in 29 families.
== References ==
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located in the administrative territorial entity
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{
"answer_start": [
144
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"text": [
"Gilan Province"
]
}
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Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Taga"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Taga"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
replaces
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Taga"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
replaced by
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"Hitachi"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
located in the present-day administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"Hitachi"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
said to be the same as
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Taga"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Taga"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
coextensive with
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Taga"
]
}
|
Taga may refer to:
Places
JapanTaga District, Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture
Hitachi-Taga Station in Ibaraki Prefecture
Yamashiro-Taga Station in Kyoto Prefecture
Taga, Shiga in Shiga Prefecture
Taga-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Taisha-mae Station in Shiga Prefecture
Ohmi Railway Taga Line in Shiga Prefecture
Taga Castle in Tōhoku PrefectureOtherTaga, Bhiwani, a village in India
Taga, Burkina Faso, a village
Taga, Iran, a village
Taga, Mali, a village
Țaga, a commune in Cluj County, Romania
Taga-Roostoja, a village in Estonia
Taga, Samoa, a village
Oued Taga, a town in north-eastern Algeria
House of Taga, an archeological site on the island of Tinian, United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Other uses
Taga (surname)
Tyagi (or Taga), an Indian surname
3997 Taga, a main-belt asteroid
Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, an American professional association
|
family name identical to this given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Taga"
]
}
|
The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina . It is based on the 1968 novel of the same title by Helen MacInnes. It was filmed in DeLuxe Color and Panavision. The sets were designed by the art director Hertha Hareiter. Extensive location shooting took place around Salzburg and at Lake Toplitz. The novel involves Nazi secret files found in a lake in similar circumstances to Lake Toplitz (Finstersee). Lake Toplitz is mentioned throughout the book also. Finstersee is the scene of action and is also shown on slides in the movie.
Plot
In 1971, the British photographer Richard Bryant (Patrick Jordan) dives into a deep mountain lake, the "Finstersee", and retrieves a heavy box. Soon afterwards two local men confront him, demanding to know where he has put the chest. When Bryant refuses to answer, the younger man strikes him, causing Bryant to fall and strike his head on a rock.
The US lawyer William "Bill" Mathison (Barry Newman) is on holiday in Europe and visits Bryant's photo shop in Salzburg to ask about a book of photographs of Austrian mountain lakes. He is acting on behalf of publisher James Newhart (Whit Bissell). Bryant's Austrian wife Anna (Anna Karina) hands Bill correspondence from a certain Eric Yates, Newhart's representative in Zurich, including a countersigned cheque for the illustrated book.
During the visit, Anna's brother Johann Kronsteiner (Klaus Maria Brandauer) receives a call from Felix Zauner (Wolfgang Preiss), a family friend, who tells him that Bryant has been the victim of a fatal accident. Johann goes to identify the body at an inn close to the Finstersee. The landlord of the inn, Grell (Helmut Schmid), is the elder of the men who had earlier confronted Bryant.
Not far from the photo shop, Mathison notices that he is being followed by two men. To lose them, he takes a hackney carriage and is driven through the city. Having shaken off the first tail, a heavy set man with a moustache (Raoul Retzer) also starts to follow him. Bill takes part in a tour of Hohensalzburg Fortress, verifies that he is being followed, and then loses the man.
While admiring the view from the fortress, Bill meets a young American Elissa Lang (Karen Jensen). They strike up a conversation and Mathison invites Elissa for a drink at his Salzburg hotel. It then turns out that she works for Zauner, who is part of the Austrian secret service. Elissa also passes information to KGB agent Lev Benedescu (Mischa Hausserman) and it becomes clear that she is also working for the Russians as a double agent.
While Johann drives to the Finstersee, Bill receives a visit from Anna, who tells him of her husband's death. Anna is firmly convinced that her husband has been murdered. She therefore asks Bill whether Yates is involved in this affair, but he explains that Yates has also mysteriously died.
Anna reveals that both her murdered husband and Yates had once worked for the British secret service. But she, Anna, had never trusted Yates. She confides in Bill her belief that her husband may have once again got involved in espionage. Later, while Bill is taking Anna home, Elissa breaks into Bryant's now-closed photo shop and steals the photos taken at Finstersee, as well as his correspondence with Yates.
Bill and Anna arrive at the shop and discover that someone is inside. Elissa flees unrecognised, but is pursued by Bill. In a side alley, Elissa is confronted by a stranger, but she is able to overpower and kill him. Bill and Anna find the dead man, who Anna recognises Bernard Dietrich, Zauner's deputy.
At Finstersee, where Johann is looking for the missing chest, he is followed by two neo-Nazis, one of whom is Anton (Udo Kier) – Richard Bryant's killer. Johann discovers the chest at the edge of the forest and is able to escape from the two men. Then he disappears and hides the box at the home of his girlfriend Trudi Seidl (Elisabeth Felchner).
Bill takes the distraught Anna to his hotel and rents a room for her there, because she would probably no longer be safe at home in the shop. At the hotel, her brother Johann visits her the following morning. He tells her that he has found and secured the box and reports that an Israeli had come to see him and offered to buy Bryant's chest. Obviously, its contents must be valuable.
Anna reminds her brother that Bryant and Dietrich had to die because of this chest and that it would be better to give it to the neo-Nazi Grell, or to destroy it. That same day, Bill meets up with CIA agent Chuck (Joe Maross), who has contacted him through Newhart. On the way to their meeting, Mathison is again followed the moustachioed man, who Chuck arranges to be shot on a chair lift by an assassin (Bert Fortell). According to Chuck, the dead man had been a Polish spy working for the Chinese. Chuck explains to Bill that the CIA had been working with Yates, who had been another double agent.
It gradually emerges that the mysterious box contains documents listing former Nazis who are still active, and who have infiltrated the West or are being used by Western intelligence services. The Russians have recently discovered a similar chest in Czechoslovakia, and have the lists already.
Bill cannot understand why the CIA is so desperate to acquire the documents, and Chuck explains that several Germans named in these lists are working in important scientific positions for the USA. They are now vulnerable to blackmail by the Soviets, and it is vital that the CIA knows their identities.
In the afternoon of the same day, Johann returns home, where the two neo-Nazis he encountered at the lake are waiting for him. They overpower and kidnap him. At the photo shop, Anna receives a phone call from Trudi, who tells her that Johann has not kept a date with her.
Bill drives Anna to her husband's funeral and waits at the entrance to the cemetery. Two men grab Anna and drag her into a car, which quickly leaves the scene. Bill notices and follows the car towards the city. He is able to get in front of the kidnapper's vehicle, slowing it down and causing enough traffic chaos to ensure that the Austrian police become involved. Anna is rescued and the men are arrested.
Meanwhile, the neo-Nazis begin to torture Johann. They want to know where he hid the chest. Elissa meets with the Soviet agent Benedescu, who is annoyed that she has so far failed to remove Bill from the scene. Benedescu hands Elissa a bomb with a 10-minute timer. As soon as she verifies that the chest is genuine, she is to use it to destroy the box once and for all. The Russians do not want anyone else to access the lists.
Anna and Bill, who are worried about Johann, want to meet Trudi in the evening, but see Zauner's vehicle on the road. They find him in his shop and he tells them how to find Trudi.
Then Elissa suddenly appears on the scene. Bill instinctively senses danger and takes Anna out of the shop. Zauner knows that Elissa is responsible for the death of his colleague Dietrich and makes it clear to her that the Austrian secret service knows about her double agent activity. Elissa assures Zauner that she only wants to destroy the chest, which seems to suit him.
Elissa goes to the inn where she meets a group of neo-Nazis, led by Grell, and makes it clear to them that she is also desperate to get her hands on Johann in order to find out the location of the chest. Grell then makes a brief phone call to Johann's kidnapper Anton.
Elissa pretends to be Anna on the phone and tries to convince Johann, who is already worn down, to hand over the chest, otherwise Trudi's life will be in serious danger. Johann passes on the location of the box, but also manages to reveal where he is being held.
At the same time, Chuck shows up in Bill's car and all three go to see Trudi. Trudi hands over the coveted chest. They are about to leave when Elissa and the Neo-Nazis arrive, closely followed by Felix Zauner. Zauner and Mathison interrogate Grell, whose henchmen have mysteriously disappeared, while Elissa attaches her bomb to the chest unnoticed. The explosion comes sooner than expected (as planned by Benedescu) and kills Elissa.
Chuck takes Grell into custody and Zauner tells Bill that he knows where Johann is being held. On the way there, Bill confesses that he and Chuck had swapped the chest for a duplicate. Zauner, in turn, makes it clear why he was so personally interested in getting his hands on the Finstersee find: his name is on one of the lists! He had once served as a Nazi informant to save his wife from deportation to a concentration camp during the Second World War, and the KGB had been blackmailing him. This was why he agreed to help Elissa.
Arriving at the hiding place, Zauner tries to negotiate a deal to take Johann without bloodshed, but Anton shoots him dead. At gunpoint, Bill disarms the neo-Nazis and rescues Johann. Soon after, Bill and Anna leave Salzburg together, driving Zauner's Porsche.
Cast
Barry Newman as Bill Mathison
Anna Karina as Anna Bryant
Klaus Maria Brandauer as Johann Kronsteiner
Karen Jensen as Elissa Lang
Joe Maross as Chuck
Wolfgang Preiss as Felix Zauner
Helmut Schmid as Grell
Udo Kier as Anton
Mischa Hausserman as Lev Benedescu
Whit Bissell as Newhart
Raoul Retzer as Large Man
Elisabeth Felchner as Trudi Seidl
Bert Fortell as Rugged Man
Adolf Beinl as Anton's Companion
Patrick Jordan as Richard Bryant
Eduard Linkers as Tour Guide
Christine Buchegger as Waitress
Johannes Buzalski as Telephone Technician
Reception
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote "With twice too many characters and three times too much plot, the Oscar Millard screenplay of 'The Salzburg Connection' might have defeated the best of directors. Against Lee H. Katzin ('Le Mans,' 'Heaven With a Gun') it isn't even a contest." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety described the film as "erratically limp" as "[t]he action plods through some beautiful scenery," adding, "The score sounds like a mish-mash of badly-selected transcription library stock themes." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film half of one star out of four, calling it "a lethargic and completely confusing spy story" that amounted to little more than "90 minutes of 'box, box, what's in the box?' This, of course, isn't revealed until the final minutes, at which point there is nothing that could be in the box which would save the movie." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "the worst motion picture I've seen all year...The least comprehensible, the least involving, the least interesting, the least entertaining, the least well-conceived, the least successful at bringing off what it set out to bring off." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post declared it "one of the least exciting espionage thrillers I've ever laid eyes on," adding "As the movie wends its unsuspenseful, uncharismatic, confusing-to-boring way, you hear the audience squirm and feel its spirits sag." Clyde Jeavons of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote "Full advantage is taken of the picturesque Salzburg locations...But nothing can redeem the indecipherable storyline and ham-handed direction (which includes gross misuse of slow-motion and freeze); and even the most indulgent aficionado of the spy genre will find this example hard to take."
References
External links
The Salzburg Connection at IMDb
The Salzburg Connection at AllMovie
The Salzburg Connection at the TCM Movie Database
The Salzburg Connection at the American Film Institute Catalog
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
52
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"text": [
"film"
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}
|
The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina . It is based on the 1968 novel of the same title by Helen MacInnes. It was filmed in DeLuxe Color and Panavision. The sets were designed by the art director Hertha Hareiter. Extensive location shooting took place around Salzburg and at Lake Toplitz. The novel involves Nazi secret files found in a lake in similar circumstances to Lake Toplitz (Finstersee). Lake Toplitz is mentioned throughout the book also. Finstersee is the scene of action and is also shown on slides in the movie.
Plot
In 1971, the British photographer Richard Bryant (Patrick Jordan) dives into a deep mountain lake, the "Finstersee", and retrieves a heavy box. Soon afterwards two local men confront him, demanding to know where he has put the chest. When Bryant refuses to answer, the younger man strikes him, causing Bryant to fall and strike his head on a rock.
The US lawyer William "Bill" Mathison (Barry Newman) is on holiday in Europe and visits Bryant's photo shop in Salzburg to ask about a book of photographs of Austrian mountain lakes. He is acting on behalf of publisher James Newhart (Whit Bissell). Bryant's Austrian wife Anna (Anna Karina) hands Bill correspondence from a certain Eric Yates, Newhart's representative in Zurich, including a countersigned cheque for the illustrated book.
During the visit, Anna's brother Johann Kronsteiner (Klaus Maria Brandauer) receives a call from Felix Zauner (Wolfgang Preiss), a family friend, who tells him that Bryant has been the victim of a fatal accident. Johann goes to identify the body at an inn close to the Finstersee. The landlord of the inn, Grell (Helmut Schmid), is the elder of the men who had earlier confronted Bryant.
Not far from the photo shop, Mathison notices that he is being followed by two men. To lose them, he takes a hackney carriage and is driven through the city. Having shaken off the first tail, a heavy set man with a moustache (Raoul Retzer) also starts to follow him. Bill takes part in a tour of Hohensalzburg Fortress, verifies that he is being followed, and then loses the man.
While admiring the view from the fortress, Bill meets a young American Elissa Lang (Karen Jensen). They strike up a conversation and Mathison invites Elissa for a drink at his Salzburg hotel. It then turns out that she works for Zauner, who is part of the Austrian secret service. Elissa also passes information to KGB agent Lev Benedescu (Mischa Hausserman) and it becomes clear that she is also working for the Russians as a double agent.
While Johann drives to the Finstersee, Bill receives a visit from Anna, who tells him of her husband's death. Anna is firmly convinced that her husband has been murdered. She therefore asks Bill whether Yates is involved in this affair, but he explains that Yates has also mysteriously died.
Anna reveals that both her murdered husband and Yates had once worked for the British secret service. But she, Anna, had never trusted Yates. She confides in Bill her belief that her husband may have once again got involved in espionage. Later, while Bill is taking Anna home, Elissa breaks into Bryant's now-closed photo shop and steals the photos taken at Finstersee, as well as his correspondence with Yates.
Bill and Anna arrive at the shop and discover that someone is inside. Elissa flees unrecognised, but is pursued by Bill. In a side alley, Elissa is confronted by a stranger, but she is able to overpower and kill him. Bill and Anna find the dead man, who Anna recognises Bernard Dietrich, Zauner's deputy.
At Finstersee, where Johann is looking for the missing chest, he is followed by two neo-Nazis, one of whom is Anton (Udo Kier) – Richard Bryant's killer. Johann discovers the chest at the edge of the forest and is able to escape from the two men. Then he disappears and hides the box at the home of his girlfriend Trudi Seidl (Elisabeth Felchner).
Bill takes the distraught Anna to his hotel and rents a room for her there, because she would probably no longer be safe at home in the shop. At the hotel, her brother Johann visits her the following morning. He tells her that he has found and secured the box and reports that an Israeli had come to see him and offered to buy Bryant's chest. Obviously, its contents must be valuable.
Anna reminds her brother that Bryant and Dietrich had to die because of this chest and that it would be better to give it to the neo-Nazi Grell, or to destroy it. That same day, Bill meets up with CIA agent Chuck (Joe Maross), who has contacted him through Newhart. On the way to their meeting, Mathison is again followed the moustachioed man, who Chuck arranges to be shot on a chair lift by an assassin (Bert Fortell). According to Chuck, the dead man had been a Polish spy working for the Chinese. Chuck explains to Bill that the CIA had been working with Yates, who had been another double agent.
It gradually emerges that the mysterious box contains documents listing former Nazis who are still active, and who have infiltrated the West or are being used by Western intelligence services. The Russians have recently discovered a similar chest in Czechoslovakia, and have the lists already.
Bill cannot understand why the CIA is so desperate to acquire the documents, and Chuck explains that several Germans named in these lists are working in important scientific positions for the USA. They are now vulnerable to blackmail by the Soviets, and it is vital that the CIA knows their identities.
In the afternoon of the same day, Johann returns home, where the two neo-Nazis he encountered at the lake are waiting for him. They overpower and kidnap him. At the photo shop, Anna receives a phone call from Trudi, who tells her that Johann has not kept a date with her.
Bill drives Anna to her husband's funeral and waits at the entrance to the cemetery. Two men grab Anna and drag her into a car, which quickly leaves the scene. Bill notices and follows the car towards the city. He is able to get in front of the kidnapper's vehicle, slowing it down and causing enough traffic chaos to ensure that the Austrian police become involved. Anna is rescued and the men are arrested.
Meanwhile, the neo-Nazis begin to torture Johann. They want to know where he hid the chest. Elissa meets with the Soviet agent Benedescu, who is annoyed that she has so far failed to remove Bill from the scene. Benedescu hands Elissa a bomb with a 10-minute timer. As soon as she verifies that the chest is genuine, she is to use it to destroy the box once and for all. The Russians do not want anyone else to access the lists.
Anna and Bill, who are worried about Johann, want to meet Trudi in the evening, but see Zauner's vehicle on the road. They find him in his shop and he tells them how to find Trudi.
Then Elissa suddenly appears on the scene. Bill instinctively senses danger and takes Anna out of the shop. Zauner knows that Elissa is responsible for the death of his colleague Dietrich and makes it clear to her that the Austrian secret service knows about her double agent activity. Elissa assures Zauner that she only wants to destroy the chest, which seems to suit him.
Elissa goes to the inn where she meets a group of neo-Nazis, led by Grell, and makes it clear to them that she is also desperate to get her hands on Johann in order to find out the location of the chest. Grell then makes a brief phone call to Johann's kidnapper Anton.
Elissa pretends to be Anna on the phone and tries to convince Johann, who is already worn down, to hand over the chest, otherwise Trudi's life will be in serious danger. Johann passes on the location of the box, but also manages to reveal where he is being held.
At the same time, Chuck shows up in Bill's car and all three go to see Trudi. Trudi hands over the coveted chest. They are about to leave when Elissa and the Neo-Nazis arrive, closely followed by Felix Zauner. Zauner and Mathison interrogate Grell, whose henchmen have mysteriously disappeared, while Elissa attaches her bomb to the chest unnoticed. The explosion comes sooner than expected (as planned by Benedescu) and kills Elissa.
Chuck takes Grell into custody and Zauner tells Bill that he knows where Johann is being held. On the way there, Bill confesses that he and Chuck had swapped the chest for a duplicate. Zauner, in turn, makes it clear why he was so personally interested in getting his hands on the Finstersee find: his name is on one of the lists! He had once served as a Nazi informant to save his wife from deportation to a concentration camp during the Second World War, and the KGB had been blackmailing him. This was why he agreed to help Elissa.
Arriving at the hiding place, Zauner tries to negotiate a deal to take Johann without bloodshed, but Anton shoots him dead. At gunpoint, Bill disarms the neo-Nazis and rescues Johann. Soon after, Bill and Anna leave Salzburg together, driving Zauner's Porsche.
Cast
Barry Newman as Bill Mathison
Anna Karina as Anna Bryant
Klaus Maria Brandauer as Johann Kronsteiner
Karen Jensen as Elissa Lang
Joe Maross as Chuck
Wolfgang Preiss as Felix Zauner
Helmut Schmid as Grell
Udo Kier as Anton
Mischa Hausserman as Lev Benedescu
Whit Bissell as Newhart
Raoul Retzer as Large Man
Elisabeth Felchner as Trudi Seidl
Bert Fortell as Rugged Man
Adolf Beinl as Anton's Companion
Patrick Jordan as Richard Bryant
Eduard Linkers as Tour Guide
Christine Buchegger as Waitress
Johannes Buzalski as Telephone Technician
Reception
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote "With twice too many characters and three times too much plot, the Oscar Millard screenplay of 'The Salzburg Connection' might have defeated the best of directors. Against Lee H. Katzin ('Le Mans,' 'Heaven With a Gun') it isn't even a contest." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety described the film as "erratically limp" as "[t]he action plods through some beautiful scenery," adding, "The score sounds like a mish-mash of badly-selected transcription library stock themes." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film half of one star out of four, calling it "a lethargic and completely confusing spy story" that amounted to little more than "90 minutes of 'box, box, what's in the box?' This, of course, isn't revealed until the final minutes, at which point there is nothing that could be in the box which would save the movie." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "the worst motion picture I've seen all year...The least comprehensible, the least involving, the least interesting, the least entertaining, the least well-conceived, the least successful at bringing off what it set out to bring off." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post declared it "one of the least exciting espionage thrillers I've ever laid eyes on," adding "As the movie wends its unsuspenseful, uncharismatic, confusing-to-boring way, you hear the audience squirm and feel its spirits sag." Clyde Jeavons of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote "Full advantage is taken of the picturesque Salzburg locations...But nothing can redeem the indecipherable storyline and ham-handed direction (which includes gross misuse of slow-motion and freeze); and even the most indulgent aficionado of the spy genre will find this example hard to take."
References
External links
The Salzburg Connection at IMDb
The Salzburg Connection at AllMovie
The Salzburg Connection at the TCM Movie Database
The Salzburg Connection at the American Film Institute Catalog
|
director
|
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"Lee H. Katzin"
]
}
|
The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina . It is based on the 1968 novel of the same title by Helen MacInnes. It was filmed in DeLuxe Color and Panavision. The sets were designed by the art director Hertha Hareiter. Extensive location shooting took place around Salzburg and at Lake Toplitz. The novel involves Nazi secret files found in a lake in similar circumstances to Lake Toplitz (Finstersee). Lake Toplitz is mentioned throughout the book also. Finstersee is the scene of action and is also shown on slides in the movie.
Plot
In 1971, the British photographer Richard Bryant (Patrick Jordan) dives into a deep mountain lake, the "Finstersee", and retrieves a heavy box. Soon afterwards two local men confront him, demanding to know where he has put the chest. When Bryant refuses to answer, the younger man strikes him, causing Bryant to fall and strike his head on a rock.
The US lawyer William "Bill" Mathison (Barry Newman) is on holiday in Europe and visits Bryant's photo shop in Salzburg to ask about a book of photographs of Austrian mountain lakes. He is acting on behalf of publisher James Newhart (Whit Bissell). Bryant's Austrian wife Anna (Anna Karina) hands Bill correspondence from a certain Eric Yates, Newhart's representative in Zurich, including a countersigned cheque for the illustrated book.
During the visit, Anna's brother Johann Kronsteiner (Klaus Maria Brandauer) receives a call from Felix Zauner (Wolfgang Preiss), a family friend, who tells him that Bryant has been the victim of a fatal accident. Johann goes to identify the body at an inn close to the Finstersee. The landlord of the inn, Grell (Helmut Schmid), is the elder of the men who had earlier confronted Bryant.
Not far from the photo shop, Mathison notices that he is being followed by two men. To lose them, he takes a hackney carriage and is driven through the city. Having shaken off the first tail, a heavy set man with a moustache (Raoul Retzer) also starts to follow him. Bill takes part in a tour of Hohensalzburg Fortress, verifies that he is being followed, and then loses the man.
While admiring the view from the fortress, Bill meets a young American Elissa Lang (Karen Jensen). They strike up a conversation and Mathison invites Elissa for a drink at his Salzburg hotel. It then turns out that she works for Zauner, who is part of the Austrian secret service. Elissa also passes information to KGB agent Lev Benedescu (Mischa Hausserman) and it becomes clear that she is also working for the Russians as a double agent.
While Johann drives to the Finstersee, Bill receives a visit from Anna, who tells him of her husband's death. Anna is firmly convinced that her husband has been murdered. She therefore asks Bill whether Yates is involved in this affair, but he explains that Yates has also mysteriously died.
Anna reveals that both her murdered husband and Yates had once worked for the British secret service. But she, Anna, had never trusted Yates. She confides in Bill her belief that her husband may have once again got involved in espionage. Later, while Bill is taking Anna home, Elissa breaks into Bryant's now-closed photo shop and steals the photos taken at Finstersee, as well as his correspondence with Yates.
Bill and Anna arrive at the shop and discover that someone is inside. Elissa flees unrecognised, but is pursued by Bill. In a side alley, Elissa is confronted by a stranger, but she is able to overpower and kill him. Bill and Anna find the dead man, who Anna recognises Bernard Dietrich, Zauner's deputy.
At Finstersee, where Johann is looking for the missing chest, he is followed by two neo-Nazis, one of whom is Anton (Udo Kier) – Richard Bryant's killer. Johann discovers the chest at the edge of the forest and is able to escape from the two men. Then he disappears and hides the box at the home of his girlfriend Trudi Seidl (Elisabeth Felchner).
Bill takes the distraught Anna to his hotel and rents a room for her there, because she would probably no longer be safe at home in the shop. At the hotel, her brother Johann visits her the following morning. He tells her that he has found and secured the box and reports that an Israeli had come to see him and offered to buy Bryant's chest. Obviously, its contents must be valuable.
Anna reminds her brother that Bryant and Dietrich had to die because of this chest and that it would be better to give it to the neo-Nazi Grell, or to destroy it. That same day, Bill meets up with CIA agent Chuck (Joe Maross), who has contacted him through Newhart. On the way to their meeting, Mathison is again followed the moustachioed man, who Chuck arranges to be shot on a chair lift by an assassin (Bert Fortell). According to Chuck, the dead man had been a Polish spy working for the Chinese. Chuck explains to Bill that the CIA had been working with Yates, who had been another double agent.
It gradually emerges that the mysterious box contains documents listing former Nazis who are still active, and who have infiltrated the West or are being used by Western intelligence services. The Russians have recently discovered a similar chest in Czechoslovakia, and have the lists already.
Bill cannot understand why the CIA is so desperate to acquire the documents, and Chuck explains that several Germans named in these lists are working in important scientific positions for the USA. They are now vulnerable to blackmail by the Soviets, and it is vital that the CIA knows their identities.
In the afternoon of the same day, Johann returns home, where the two neo-Nazis he encountered at the lake are waiting for him. They overpower and kidnap him. At the photo shop, Anna receives a phone call from Trudi, who tells her that Johann has not kept a date with her.
Bill drives Anna to her husband's funeral and waits at the entrance to the cemetery. Two men grab Anna and drag her into a car, which quickly leaves the scene. Bill notices and follows the car towards the city. He is able to get in front of the kidnapper's vehicle, slowing it down and causing enough traffic chaos to ensure that the Austrian police become involved. Anna is rescued and the men are arrested.
Meanwhile, the neo-Nazis begin to torture Johann. They want to know where he hid the chest. Elissa meets with the Soviet agent Benedescu, who is annoyed that she has so far failed to remove Bill from the scene. Benedescu hands Elissa a bomb with a 10-minute timer. As soon as she verifies that the chest is genuine, she is to use it to destroy the box once and for all. The Russians do not want anyone else to access the lists.
Anna and Bill, who are worried about Johann, want to meet Trudi in the evening, but see Zauner's vehicle on the road. They find him in his shop and he tells them how to find Trudi.
Then Elissa suddenly appears on the scene. Bill instinctively senses danger and takes Anna out of the shop. Zauner knows that Elissa is responsible for the death of his colleague Dietrich and makes it clear to her that the Austrian secret service knows about her double agent activity. Elissa assures Zauner that she only wants to destroy the chest, which seems to suit him.
Elissa goes to the inn where she meets a group of neo-Nazis, led by Grell, and makes it clear to them that she is also desperate to get her hands on Johann in order to find out the location of the chest. Grell then makes a brief phone call to Johann's kidnapper Anton.
Elissa pretends to be Anna on the phone and tries to convince Johann, who is already worn down, to hand over the chest, otherwise Trudi's life will be in serious danger. Johann passes on the location of the box, but also manages to reveal where he is being held.
At the same time, Chuck shows up in Bill's car and all three go to see Trudi. Trudi hands over the coveted chest. They are about to leave when Elissa and the Neo-Nazis arrive, closely followed by Felix Zauner. Zauner and Mathison interrogate Grell, whose henchmen have mysteriously disappeared, while Elissa attaches her bomb to the chest unnoticed. The explosion comes sooner than expected (as planned by Benedescu) and kills Elissa.
Chuck takes Grell into custody and Zauner tells Bill that he knows where Johann is being held. On the way there, Bill confesses that he and Chuck had swapped the chest for a duplicate. Zauner, in turn, makes it clear why he was so personally interested in getting his hands on the Finstersee find: his name is on one of the lists! He had once served as a Nazi informant to save his wife from deportation to a concentration camp during the Second World War, and the KGB had been blackmailing him. This was why he agreed to help Elissa.
Arriving at the hiding place, Zauner tries to negotiate a deal to take Johann without bloodshed, but Anton shoots him dead. At gunpoint, Bill disarms the neo-Nazis and rescues Johann. Soon after, Bill and Anna leave Salzburg together, driving Zauner's Porsche.
Cast
Barry Newman as Bill Mathison
Anna Karina as Anna Bryant
Klaus Maria Brandauer as Johann Kronsteiner
Karen Jensen as Elissa Lang
Joe Maross as Chuck
Wolfgang Preiss as Felix Zauner
Helmut Schmid as Grell
Udo Kier as Anton
Mischa Hausserman as Lev Benedescu
Whit Bissell as Newhart
Raoul Retzer as Large Man
Elisabeth Felchner as Trudi Seidl
Bert Fortell as Rugged Man
Adolf Beinl as Anton's Companion
Patrick Jordan as Richard Bryant
Eduard Linkers as Tour Guide
Christine Buchegger as Waitress
Johannes Buzalski as Telephone Technician
Reception
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote "With twice too many characters and three times too much plot, the Oscar Millard screenplay of 'The Salzburg Connection' might have defeated the best of directors. Against Lee H. Katzin ('Le Mans,' 'Heaven With a Gun') it isn't even a contest." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety described the film as "erratically limp" as "[t]he action plods through some beautiful scenery," adding, "The score sounds like a mish-mash of badly-selected transcription library stock themes." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film half of one star out of four, calling it "a lethargic and completely confusing spy story" that amounted to little more than "90 minutes of 'box, box, what's in the box?' This, of course, isn't revealed until the final minutes, at which point there is nothing that could be in the box which would save the movie." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "the worst motion picture I've seen all year...The least comprehensible, the least involving, the least interesting, the least entertaining, the least well-conceived, the least successful at bringing off what it set out to bring off." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post declared it "one of the least exciting espionage thrillers I've ever laid eyes on," adding "As the movie wends its unsuspenseful, uncharismatic, confusing-to-boring way, you hear the audience squirm and feel its spirits sag." Clyde Jeavons of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote "Full advantage is taken of the picturesque Salzburg locations...But nothing can redeem the indecipherable storyline and ham-handed direction (which includes gross misuse of slow-motion and freeze); and even the most indulgent aficionado of the spy genre will find this example hard to take."
References
External links
The Salzburg Connection at IMDb
The Salzburg Connection at AllMovie
The Salzburg Connection at the TCM Movie Database
The Salzburg Connection at the American Film Institute Catalog
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
43
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"text": [
"thriller film"
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}
|
The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina . It is based on the 1968 novel of the same title by Helen MacInnes. It was filmed in DeLuxe Color and Panavision. The sets were designed by the art director Hertha Hareiter. Extensive location shooting took place around Salzburg and at Lake Toplitz. The novel involves Nazi secret files found in a lake in similar circumstances to Lake Toplitz (Finstersee). Lake Toplitz is mentioned throughout the book also. Finstersee is the scene of action and is also shown on slides in the movie.
Plot
In 1971, the British photographer Richard Bryant (Patrick Jordan) dives into a deep mountain lake, the "Finstersee", and retrieves a heavy box. Soon afterwards two local men confront him, demanding to know where he has put the chest. When Bryant refuses to answer, the younger man strikes him, causing Bryant to fall and strike his head on a rock.
The US lawyer William "Bill" Mathison (Barry Newman) is on holiday in Europe and visits Bryant's photo shop in Salzburg to ask about a book of photographs of Austrian mountain lakes. He is acting on behalf of publisher James Newhart (Whit Bissell). Bryant's Austrian wife Anna (Anna Karina) hands Bill correspondence from a certain Eric Yates, Newhart's representative in Zurich, including a countersigned cheque for the illustrated book.
During the visit, Anna's brother Johann Kronsteiner (Klaus Maria Brandauer) receives a call from Felix Zauner (Wolfgang Preiss), a family friend, who tells him that Bryant has been the victim of a fatal accident. Johann goes to identify the body at an inn close to the Finstersee. The landlord of the inn, Grell (Helmut Schmid), is the elder of the men who had earlier confronted Bryant.
Not far from the photo shop, Mathison notices that he is being followed by two men. To lose them, he takes a hackney carriage and is driven through the city. Having shaken off the first tail, a heavy set man with a moustache (Raoul Retzer) also starts to follow him. Bill takes part in a tour of Hohensalzburg Fortress, verifies that he is being followed, and then loses the man.
While admiring the view from the fortress, Bill meets a young American Elissa Lang (Karen Jensen). They strike up a conversation and Mathison invites Elissa for a drink at his Salzburg hotel. It then turns out that she works for Zauner, who is part of the Austrian secret service. Elissa also passes information to KGB agent Lev Benedescu (Mischa Hausserman) and it becomes clear that she is also working for the Russians as a double agent.
While Johann drives to the Finstersee, Bill receives a visit from Anna, who tells him of her husband's death. Anna is firmly convinced that her husband has been murdered. She therefore asks Bill whether Yates is involved in this affair, but he explains that Yates has also mysteriously died.
Anna reveals that both her murdered husband and Yates had once worked for the British secret service. But she, Anna, had never trusted Yates. She confides in Bill her belief that her husband may have once again got involved in espionage. Later, while Bill is taking Anna home, Elissa breaks into Bryant's now-closed photo shop and steals the photos taken at Finstersee, as well as his correspondence with Yates.
Bill and Anna arrive at the shop and discover that someone is inside. Elissa flees unrecognised, but is pursued by Bill. In a side alley, Elissa is confronted by a stranger, but she is able to overpower and kill him. Bill and Anna find the dead man, who Anna recognises Bernard Dietrich, Zauner's deputy.
At Finstersee, where Johann is looking for the missing chest, he is followed by two neo-Nazis, one of whom is Anton (Udo Kier) – Richard Bryant's killer. Johann discovers the chest at the edge of the forest and is able to escape from the two men. Then he disappears and hides the box at the home of his girlfriend Trudi Seidl (Elisabeth Felchner).
Bill takes the distraught Anna to his hotel and rents a room for her there, because she would probably no longer be safe at home in the shop. At the hotel, her brother Johann visits her the following morning. He tells her that he has found and secured the box and reports that an Israeli had come to see him and offered to buy Bryant's chest. Obviously, its contents must be valuable.
Anna reminds her brother that Bryant and Dietrich had to die because of this chest and that it would be better to give it to the neo-Nazi Grell, or to destroy it. That same day, Bill meets up with CIA agent Chuck (Joe Maross), who has contacted him through Newhart. On the way to their meeting, Mathison is again followed the moustachioed man, who Chuck arranges to be shot on a chair lift by an assassin (Bert Fortell). According to Chuck, the dead man had been a Polish spy working for the Chinese. Chuck explains to Bill that the CIA had been working with Yates, who had been another double agent.
It gradually emerges that the mysterious box contains documents listing former Nazis who are still active, and who have infiltrated the West or are being used by Western intelligence services. The Russians have recently discovered a similar chest in Czechoslovakia, and have the lists already.
Bill cannot understand why the CIA is so desperate to acquire the documents, and Chuck explains that several Germans named in these lists are working in important scientific positions for the USA. They are now vulnerable to blackmail by the Soviets, and it is vital that the CIA knows their identities.
In the afternoon of the same day, Johann returns home, where the two neo-Nazis he encountered at the lake are waiting for him. They overpower and kidnap him. At the photo shop, Anna receives a phone call from Trudi, who tells her that Johann has not kept a date with her.
Bill drives Anna to her husband's funeral and waits at the entrance to the cemetery. Two men grab Anna and drag her into a car, which quickly leaves the scene. Bill notices and follows the car towards the city. He is able to get in front of the kidnapper's vehicle, slowing it down and causing enough traffic chaos to ensure that the Austrian police become involved. Anna is rescued and the men are arrested.
Meanwhile, the neo-Nazis begin to torture Johann. They want to know where he hid the chest. Elissa meets with the Soviet agent Benedescu, who is annoyed that she has so far failed to remove Bill from the scene. Benedescu hands Elissa a bomb with a 10-minute timer. As soon as she verifies that the chest is genuine, she is to use it to destroy the box once and for all. The Russians do not want anyone else to access the lists.
Anna and Bill, who are worried about Johann, want to meet Trudi in the evening, but see Zauner's vehicle on the road. They find him in his shop and he tells them how to find Trudi.
Then Elissa suddenly appears on the scene. Bill instinctively senses danger and takes Anna out of the shop. Zauner knows that Elissa is responsible for the death of his colleague Dietrich and makes it clear to her that the Austrian secret service knows about her double agent activity. Elissa assures Zauner that she only wants to destroy the chest, which seems to suit him.
Elissa goes to the inn where she meets a group of neo-Nazis, led by Grell, and makes it clear to them that she is also desperate to get her hands on Johann in order to find out the location of the chest. Grell then makes a brief phone call to Johann's kidnapper Anton.
Elissa pretends to be Anna on the phone and tries to convince Johann, who is already worn down, to hand over the chest, otherwise Trudi's life will be in serious danger. Johann passes on the location of the box, but also manages to reveal where he is being held.
At the same time, Chuck shows up in Bill's car and all three go to see Trudi. Trudi hands over the coveted chest. They are about to leave when Elissa and the Neo-Nazis arrive, closely followed by Felix Zauner. Zauner and Mathison interrogate Grell, whose henchmen have mysteriously disappeared, while Elissa attaches her bomb to the chest unnoticed. The explosion comes sooner than expected (as planned by Benedescu) and kills Elissa.
Chuck takes Grell into custody and Zauner tells Bill that he knows where Johann is being held. On the way there, Bill confesses that he and Chuck had swapped the chest for a duplicate. Zauner, in turn, makes it clear why he was so personally interested in getting his hands on the Finstersee find: his name is on one of the lists! He had once served as a Nazi informant to save his wife from deportation to a concentration camp during the Second World War, and the KGB had been blackmailing him. This was why he agreed to help Elissa.
Arriving at the hiding place, Zauner tries to negotiate a deal to take Johann without bloodshed, but Anton shoots him dead. At gunpoint, Bill disarms the neo-Nazis and rescues Johann. Soon after, Bill and Anna leave Salzburg together, driving Zauner's Porsche.
Cast
Barry Newman as Bill Mathison
Anna Karina as Anna Bryant
Klaus Maria Brandauer as Johann Kronsteiner
Karen Jensen as Elissa Lang
Joe Maross as Chuck
Wolfgang Preiss as Felix Zauner
Helmut Schmid as Grell
Udo Kier as Anton
Mischa Hausserman as Lev Benedescu
Whit Bissell as Newhart
Raoul Retzer as Large Man
Elisabeth Felchner as Trudi Seidl
Bert Fortell as Rugged Man
Adolf Beinl as Anton's Companion
Patrick Jordan as Richard Bryant
Eduard Linkers as Tour Guide
Christine Buchegger as Waitress
Johannes Buzalski as Telephone Technician
Reception
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote "With twice too many characters and three times too much plot, the Oscar Millard screenplay of 'The Salzburg Connection' might have defeated the best of directors. Against Lee H. Katzin ('Le Mans,' 'Heaven With a Gun') it isn't even a contest." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety described the film as "erratically limp" as "[t]he action plods through some beautiful scenery," adding, "The score sounds like a mish-mash of badly-selected transcription library stock themes." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film half of one star out of four, calling it "a lethargic and completely confusing spy story" that amounted to little more than "90 minutes of 'box, box, what's in the box?' This, of course, isn't revealed until the final minutes, at which point there is nothing that could be in the box which would save the movie." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "the worst motion picture I've seen all year...The least comprehensible, the least involving, the least interesting, the least entertaining, the least well-conceived, the least successful at bringing off what it set out to bring off." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post declared it "one of the least exciting espionage thrillers I've ever laid eyes on," adding "As the movie wends its unsuspenseful, uncharismatic, confusing-to-boring way, you hear the audience squirm and feel its spirits sag." Clyde Jeavons of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote "Full advantage is taken of the picturesque Salzburg locations...But nothing can redeem the indecipherable storyline and ham-handed direction (which includes gross misuse of slow-motion and freeze); and even the most indulgent aficionado of the spy genre will find this example hard to take."
References
External links
The Salzburg Connection at IMDb
The Salzburg Connection at AllMovie
The Salzburg Connection at the TCM Movie Database
The Salzburg Connection at the American Film Institute Catalog
|
cast member
|
{
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"Anna Karina"
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}
|
The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina . It is based on the 1968 novel of the same title by Helen MacInnes. It was filmed in DeLuxe Color and Panavision. The sets were designed by the art director Hertha Hareiter. Extensive location shooting took place around Salzburg and at Lake Toplitz. The novel involves Nazi secret files found in a lake in similar circumstances to Lake Toplitz (Finstersee). Lake Toplitz is mentioned throughout the book also. Finstersee is the scene of action and is also shown on slides in the movie.
Plot
In 1971, the British photographer Richard Bryant (Patrick Jordan) dives into a deep mountain lake, the "Finstersee", and retrieves a heavy box. Soon afterwards two local men confront him, demanding to know where he has put the chest. When Bryant refuses to answer, the younger man strikes him, causing Bryant to fall and strike his head on a rock.
The US lawyer William "Bill" Mathison (Barry Newman) is on holiday in Europe and visits Bryant's photo shop in Salzburg to ask about a book of photographs of Austrian mountain lakes. He is acting on behalf of publisher James Newhart (Whit Bissell). Bryant's Austrian wife Anna (Anna Karina) hands Bill correspondence from a certain Eric Yates, Newhart's representative in Zurich, including a countersigned cheque for the illustrated book.
During the visit, Anna's brother Johann Kronsteiner (Klaus Maria Brandauer) receives a call from Felix Zauner (Wolfgang Preiss), a family friend, who tells him that Bryant has been the victim of a fatal accident. Johann goes to identify the body at an inn close to the Finstersee. The landlord of the inn, Grell (Helmut Schmid), is the elder of the men who had earlier confronted Bryant.
Not far from the photo shop, Mathison notices that he is being followed by two men. To lose them, he takes a hackney carriage and is driven through the city. Having shaken off the first tail, a heavy set man with a moustache (Raoul Retzer) also starts to follow him. Bill takes part in a tour of Hohensalzburg Fortress, verifies that he is being followed, and then loses the man.
While admiring the view from the fortress, Bill meets a young American Elissa Lang (Karen Jensen). They strike up a conversation and Mathison invites Elissa for a drink at his Salzburg hotel. It then turns out that she works for Zauner, who is part of the Austrian secret service. Elissa also passes information to KGB agent Lev Benedescu (Mischa Hausserman) and it becomes clear that she is also working for the Russians as a double agent.
While Johann drives to the Finstersee, Bill receives a visit from Anna, who tells him of her husband's death. Anna is firmly convinced that her husband has been murdered. She therefore asks Bill whether Yates is involved in this affair, but he explains that Yates has also mysteriously died.
Anna reveals that both her murdered husband and Yates had once worked for the British secret service. But she, Anna, had never trusted Yates. She confides in Bill her belief that her husband may have once again got involved in espionage. Later, while Bill is taking Anna home, Elissa breaks into Bryant's now-closed photo shop and steals the photos taken at Finstersee, as well as his correspondence with Yates.
Bill and Anna arrive at the shop and discover that someone is inside. Elissa flees unrecognised, but is pursued by Bill. In a side alley, Elissa is confronted by a stranger, but she is able to overpower and kill him. Bill and Anna find the dead man, who Anna recognises Bernard Dietrich, Zauner's deputy.
At Finstersee, where Johann is looking for the missing chest, he is followed by two neo-Nazis, one of whom is Anton (Udo Kier) – Richard Bryant's killer. Johann discovers the chest at the edge of the forest and is able to escape from the two men. Then he disappears and hides the box at the home of his girlfriend Trudi Seidl (Elisabeth Felchner).
Bill takes the distraught Anna to his hotel and rents a room for her there, because she would probably no longer be safe at home in the shop. At the hotel, her brother Johann visits her the following morning. He tells her that he has found and secured the box and reports that an Israeli had come to see him and offered to buy Bryant's chest. Obviously, its contents must be valuable.
Anna reminds her brother that Bryant and Dietrich had to die because of this chest and that it would be better to give it to the neo-Nazi Grell, or to destroy it. That same day, Bill meets up with CIA agent Chuck (Joe Maross), who has contacted him through Newhart. On the way to their meeting, Mathison is again followed the moustachioed man, who Chuck arranges to be shot on a chair lift by an assassin (Bert Fortell). According to Chuck, the dead man had been a Polish spy working for the Chinese. Chuck explains to Bill that the CIA had been working with Yates, who had been another double agent.
It gradually emerges that the mysterious box contains documents listing former Nazis who are still active, and who have infiltrated the West or are being used by Western intelligence services. The Russians have recently discovered a similar chest in Czechoslovakia, and have the lists already.
Bill cannot understand why the CIA is so desperate to acquire the documents, and Chuck explains that several Germans named in these lists are working in important scientific positions for the USA. They are now vulnerable to blackmail by the Soviets, and it is vital that the CIA knows their identities.
In the afternoon of the same day, Johann returns home, where the two neo-Nazis he encountered at the lake are waiting for him. They overpower and kidnap him. At the photo shop, Anna receives a phone call from Trudi, who tells her that Johann has not kept a date with her.
Bill drives Anna to her husband's funeral and waits at the entrance to the cemetery. Two men grab Anna and drag her into a car, which quickly leaves the scene. Bill notices and follows the car towards the city. He is able to get in front of the kidnapper's vehicle, slowing it down and causing enough traffic chaos to ensure that the Austrian police become involved. Anna is rescued and the men are arrested.
Meanwhile, the neo-Nazis begin to torture Johann. They want to know where he hid the chest. Elissa meets with the Soviet agent Benedescu, who is annoyed that she has so far failed to remove Bill from the scene. Benedescu hands Elissa a bomb with a 10-minute timer. As soon as she verifies that the chest is genuine, she is to use it to destroy the box once and for all. The Russians do not want anyone else to access the lists.
Anna and Bill, who are worried about Johann, want to meet Trudi in the evening, but see Zauner's vehicle on the road. They find him in his shop and he tells them how to find Trudi.
Then Elissa suddenly appears on the scene. Bill instinctively senses danger and takes Anna out of the shop. Zauner knows that Elissa is responsible for the death of his colleague Dietrich and makes it clear to her that the Austrian secret service knows about her double agent activity. Elissa assures Zauner that she only wants to destroy the chest, which seems to suit him.
Elissa goes to the inn where she meets a group of neo-Nazis, led by Grell, and makes it clear to them that she is also desperate to get her hands on Johann in order to find out the location of the chest. Grell then makes a brief phone call to Johann's kidnapper Anton.
Elissa pretends to be Anna on the phone and tries to convince Johann, who is already worn down, to hand over the chest, otherwise Trudi's life will be in serious danger. Johann passes on the location of the box, but also manages to reveal where he is being held.
At the same time, Chuck shows up in Bill's car and all three go to see Trudi. Trudi hands over the coveted chest. They are about to leave when Elissa and the Neo-Nazis arrive, closely followed by Felix Zauner. Zauner and Mathison interrogate Grell, whose henchmen have mysteriously disappeared, while Elissa attaches her bomb to the chest unnoticed. The explosion comes sooner than expected (as planned by Benedescu) and kills Elissa.
Chuck takes Grell into custody and Zauner tells Bill that he knows where Johann is being held. On the way there, Bill confesses that he and Chuck had swapped the chest for a duplicate. Zauner, in turn, makes it clear why he was so personally interested in getting his hands on the Finstersee find: his name is on one of the lists! He had once served as a Nazi informant to save his wife from deportation to a concentration camp during the Second World War, and the KGB had been blackmailing him. This was why he agreed to help Elissa.
Arriving at the hiding place, Zauner tries to negotiate a deal to take Johann without bloodshed, but Anton shoots him dead. At gunpoint, Bill disarms the neo-Nazis and rescues Johann. Soon after, Bill and Anna leave Salzburg together, driving Zauner's Porsche.
Cast
Barry Newman as Bill Mathison
Anna Karina as Anna Bryant
Klaus Maria Brandauer as Johann Kronsteiner
Karen Jensen as Elissa Lang
Joe Maross as Chuck
Wolfgang Preiss as Felix Zauner
Helmut Schmid as Grell
Udo Kier as Anton
Mischa Hausserman as Lev Benedescu
Whit Bissell as Newhart
Raoul Retzer as Large Man
Elisabeth Felchner as Trudi Seidl
Bert Fortell as Rugged Man
Adolf Beinl as Anton's Companion
Patrick Jordan as Richard Bryant
Eduard Linkers as Tour Guide
Christine Buchegger as Waitress
Johannes Buzalski as Telephone Technician
Reception
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote "With twice too many characters and three times too much plot, the Oscar Millard screenplay of 'The Salzburg Connection' might have defeated the best of directors. Against Lee H. Katzin ('Le Mans,' 'Heaven With a Gun') it isn't even a contest." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety described the film as "erratically limp" as "[t]he action plods through some beautiful scenery," adding, "The score sounds like a mish-mash of badly-selected transcription library stock themes." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film half of one star out of four, calling it "a lethargic and completely confusing spy story" that amounted to little more than "90 minutes of 'box, box, what's in the box?' This, of course, isn't revealed until the final minutes, at which point there is nothing that could be in the box which would save the movie." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "the worst motion picture I've seen all year...The least comprehensible, the least involving, the least interesting, the least entertaining, the least well-conceived, the least successful at bringing off what it set out to bring off." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post declared it "one of the least exciting espionage thrillers I've ever laid eyes on," adding "As the movie wends its unsuspenseful, uncharismatic, confusing-to-boring way, you hear the audience squirm and feel its spirits sag." Clyde Jeavons of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote "Full advantage is taken of the picturesque Salzburg locations...But nothing can redeem the indecipherable storyline and ham-handed direction (which includes gross misuse of slow-motion and freeze); and even the most indulgent aficionado of the spy genre will find this example hard to take."
References
External links
The Salzburg Connection at IMDb
The Salzburg Connection at AllMovie
The Salzburg Connection at the TCM Movie Database
The Salzburg Connection at the American Film Institute Catalog
|
narrative location
|
{
"answer_start": [
1121
],
"text": [
"Austria"
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}
|
The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina . It is based on the 1968 novel of the same title by Helen MacInnes. It was filmed in DeLuxe Color and Panavision. The sets were designed by the art director Hertha Hareiter. Extensive location shooting took place around Salzburg and at Lake Toplitz. The novel involves Nazi secret files found in a lake in similar circumstances to Lake Toplitz (Finstersee). Lake Toplitz is mentioned throughout the book also. Finstersee is the scene of action and is also shown on slides in the movie.
Plot
In 1971, the British photographer Richard Bryant (Patrick Jordan) dives into a deep mountain lake, the "Finstersee", and retrieves a heavy box. Soon afterwards two local men confront him, demanding to know where he has put the chest. When Bryant refuses to answer, the younger man strikes him, causing Bryant to fall and strike his head on a rock.
The US lawyer William "Bill" Mathison (Barry Newman) is on holiday in Europe and visits Bryant's photo shop in Salzburg to ask about a book of photographs of Austrian mountain lakes. He is acting on behalf of publisher James Newhart (Whit Bissell). Bryant's Austrian wife Anna (Anna Karina) hands Bill correspondence from a certain Eric Yates, Newhart's representative in Zurich, including a countersigned cheque for the illustrated book.
During the visit, Anna's brother Johann Kronsteiner (Klaus Maria Brandauer) receives a call from Felix Zauner (Wolfgang Preiss), a family friend, who tells him that Bryant has been the victim of a fatal accident. Johann goes to identify the body at an inn close to the Finstersee. The landlord of the inn, Grell (Helmut Schmid), is the elder of the men who had earlier confronted Bryant.
Not far from the photo shop, Mathison notices that he is being followed by two men. To lose them, he takes a hackney carriage and is driven through the city. Having shaken off the first tail, a heavy set man with a moustache (Raoul Retzer) also starts to follow him. Bill takes part in a tour of Hohensalzburg Fortress, verifies that he is being followed, and then loses the man.
While admiring the view from the fortress, Bill meets a young American Elissa Lang (Karen Jensen). They strike up a conversation and Mathison invites Elissa for a drink at his Salzburg hotel. It then turns out that she works for Zauner, who is part of the Austrian secret service. Elissa also passes information to KGB agent Lev Benedescu (Mischa Hausserman) and it becomes clear that she is also working for the Russians as a double agent.
While Johann drives to the Finstersee, Bill receives a visit from Anna, who tells him of her husband's death. Anna is firmly convinced that her husband has been murdered. She therefore asks Bill whether Yates is involved in this affair, but he explains that Yates has also mysteriously died.
Anna reveals that both her murdered husband and Yates had once worked for the British secret service. But she, Anna, had never trusted Yates. She confides in Bill her belief that her husband may have once again got involved in espionage. Later, while Bill is taking Anna home, Elissa breaks into Bryant's now-closed photo shop and steals the photos taken at Finstersee, as well as his correspondence with Yates.
Bill and Anna arrive at the shop and discover that someone is inside. Elissa flees unrecognised, but is pursued by Bill. In a side alley, Elissa is confronted by a stranger, but she is able to overpower and kill him. Bill and Anna find the dead man, who Anna recognises Bernard Dietrich, Zauner's deputy.
At Finstersee, where Johann is looking for the missing chest, he is followed by two neo-Nazis, one of whom is Anton (Udo Kier) – Richard Bryant's killer. Johann discovers the chest at the edge of the forest and is able to escape from the two men. Then he disappears and hides the box at the home of his girlfriend Trudi Seidl (Elisabeth Felchner).
Bill takes the distraught Anna to his hotel and rents a room for her there, because she would probably no longer be safe at home in the shop. At the hotel, her brother Johann visits her the following morning. He tells her that he has found and secured the box and reports that an Israeli had come to see him and offered to buy Bryant's chest. Obviously, its contents must be valuable.
Anna reminds her brother that Bryant and Dietrich had to die because of this chest and that it would be better to give it to the neo-Nazi Grell, or to destroy it. That same day, Bill meets up with CIA agent Chuck (Joe Maross), who has contacted him through Newhart. On the way to their meeting, Mathison is again followed the moustachioed man, who Chuck arranges to be shot on a chair lift by an assassin (Bert Fortell). According to Chuck, the dead man had been a Polish spy working for the Chinese. Chuck explains to Bill that the CIA had been working with Yates, who had been another double agent.
It gradually emerges that the mysterious box contains documents listing former Nazis who are still active, and who have infiltrated the West or are being used by Western intelligence services. The Russians have recently discovered a similar chest in Czechoslovakia, and have the lists already.
Bill cannot understand why the CIA is so desperate to acquire the documents, and Chuck explains that several Germans named in these lists are working in important scientific positions for the USA. They are now vulnerable to blackmail by the Soviets, and it is vital that the CIA knows their identities.
In the afternoon of the same day, Johann returns home, where the two neo-Nazis he encountered at the lake are waiting for him. They overpower and kidnap him. At the photo shop, Anna receives a phone call from Trudi, who tells her that Johann has not kept a date with her.
Bill drives Anna to her husband's funeral and waits at the entrance to the cemetery. Two men grab Anna and drag her into a car, which quickly leaves the scene. Bill notices and follows the car towards the city. He is able to get in front of the kidnapper's vehicle, slowing it down and causing enough traffic chaos to ensure that the Austrian police become involved. Anna is rescued and the men are arrested.
Meanwhile, the neo-Nazis begin to torture Johann. They want to know where he hid the chest. Elissa meets with the Soviet agent Benedescu, who is annoyed that she has so far failed to remove Bill from the scene. Benedescu hands Elissa a bomb with a 10-minute timer. As soon as she verifies that the chest is genuine, she is to use it to destroy the box once and for all. The Russians do not want anyone else to access the lists.
Anna and Bill, who are worried about Johann, want to meet Trudi in the evening, but see Zauner's vehicle on the road. They find him in his shop and he tells them how to find Trudi.
Then Elissa suddenly appears on the scene. Bill instinctively senses danger and takes Anna out of the shop. Zauner knows that Elissa is responsible for the death of his colleague Dietrich and makes it clear to her that the Austrian secret service knows about her double agent activity. Elissa assures Zauner that she only wants to destroy the chest, which seems to suit him.
Elissa goes to the inn where she meets a group of neo-Nazis, led by Grell, and makes it clear to them that she is also desperate to get her hands on Johann in order to find out the location of the chest. Grell then makes a brief phone call to Johann's kidnapper Anton.
Elissa pretends to be Anna on the phone and tries to convince Johann, who is already worn down, to hand over the chest, otherwise Trudi's life will be in serious danger. Johann passes on the location of the box, but also manages to reveal where he is being held.
At the same time, Chuck shows up in Bill's car and all three go to see Trudi. Trudi hands over the coveted chest. They are about to leave when Elissa and the Neo-Nazis arrive, closely followed by Felix Zauner. Zauner and Mathison interrogate Grell, whose henchmen have mysteriously disappeared, while Elissa attaches her bomb to the chest unnoticed. The explosion comes sooner than expected (as planned by Benedescu) and kills Elissa.
Chuck takes Grell into custody and Zauner tells Bill that he knows where Johann is being held. On the way there, Bill confesses that he and Chuck had swapped the chest for a duplicate. Zauner, in turn, makes it clear why he was so personally interested in getting his hands on the Finstersee find: his name is on one of the lists! He had once served as a Nazi informant to save his wife from deportation to a concentration camp during the Second World War, and the KGB had been blackmailing him. This was why he agreed to help Elissa.
Arriving at the hiding place, Zauner tries to negotiate a deal to take Johann without bloodshed, but Anton shoots him dead. At gunpoint, Bill disarms the neo-Nazis and rescues Johann. Soon after, Bill and Anna leave Salzburg together, driving Zauner's Porsche.
Cast
Barry Newman as Bill Mathison
Anna Karina as Anna Bryant
Klaus Maria Brandauer as Johann Kronsteiner
Karen Jensen as Elissa Lang
Joe Maross as Chuck
Wolfgang Preiss as Felix Zauner
Helmut Schmid as Grell
Udo Kier as Anton
Mischa Hausserman as Lev Benedescu
Whit Bissell as Newhart
Raoul Retzer as Large Man
Elisabeth Felchner as Trudi Seidl
Bert Fortell as Rugged Man
Adolf Beinl as Anton's Companion
Patrick Jordan as Richard Bryant
Eduard Linkers as Tour Guide
Christine Buchegger as Waitress
Johannes Buzalski as Telephone Technician
Reception
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote "With twice too many characters and three times too much plot, the Oscar Millard screenplay of 'The Salzburg Connection' might have defeated the best of directors. Against Lee H. Katzin ('Le Mans,' 'Heaven With a Gun') it isn't even a contest." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety described the film as "erratically limp" as "[t]he action plods through some beautiful scenery," adding, "The score sounds like a mish-mash of badly-selected transcription library stock themes." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film half of one star out of four, calling it "a lethargic and completely confusing spy story" that amounted to little more than "90 minutes of 'box, box, what's in the box?' This, of course, isn't revealed until the final minutes, at which point there is nothing that could be in the box which would save the movie." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "the worst motion picture I've seen all year...The least comprehensible, the least involving, the least interesting, the least entertaining, the least well-conceived, the least successful at bringing off what it set out to bring off." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post declared it "one of the least exciting espionage thrillers I've ever laid eyes on," adding "As the movie wends its unsuspenseful, uncharismatic, confusing-to-boring way, you hear the audience squirm and feel its spirits sag." Clyde Jeavons of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote "Full advantage is taken of the picturesque Salzburg locations...But nothing can redeem the indecipherable storyline and ham-handed direction (which includes gross misuse of slow-motion and freeze); and even the most indulgent aficionado of the spy genre will find this example hard to take."
References
External links
The Salzburg Connection at IMDb
The Salzburg Connection at AllMovie
The Salzburg Connection at the TCM Movie Database
The Salzburg Connection at the American Film Institute Catalog
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Salzburg Connection"
]
}
|
Heptapleurum nanocephalum is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Its natural habitat is montane rain forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was previously placed in the genus Schefflera.It is a small tree which grows in montane forest and at forest edges. It is often ephiphytic and sometimes grows as a crown epiphyte on canopy trees. It is known from six collections, including four in the Cameron Highlands and two further south towards Gunung Mengkuang north of Gunung Ulu Kali. It is threatened with habitat loss from deforestation.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Heptapleurum nanocephalum is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Its natural habitat is montane rain forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was previously placed in the genus Schefflera.It is a small tree which grows in montane forest and at forest edges. It is often ephiphytic and sometimes grows as a crown epiphyte on canopy trees. It is known from six collections, including four in the Cameron Highlands and two further south towards Gunung Mengkuang north of Gunung Ulu Kali. It is threatened with habitat loss from deforestation.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Heptapleurum"
]
}
|
Heptapleurum nanocephalum is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Its natural habitat is montane rain forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was previously placed in the genus Schefflera.It is a small tree which grows in montane forest and at forest edges. It is often ephiphytic and sometimes grows as a crown epiphyte on canopy trees. It is known from six collections, including four in the Cameron Highlands and two further south towards Gunung Mengkuang north of Gunung Ulu Kali. It is threatened with habitat loss from deforestation.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Heptapleurum nanocephalum"
]
}
|
Dilta saxicola is a species of jumping bristletail in the family Machilidae. It is found in Europe.
References
== Further reading ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Dilta saxicola is a species of jumping bristletail in the family Machilidae. It is found in Europe.
References
== Further reading ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dilta"
]
}
|
Dilta saxicola is a species of jumping bristletail in the family Machilidae. It is found in Europe.
References
== Further reading ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dilta saxicola"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Victoria"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"Trentham, Victoria"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
Commons gallery
|
{
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"Trentham, Victoria"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Trentham"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"suburb"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Trentham"
]
}
|
Trentham may refer to:
Places
AustraliaTrentham, VictoriaEnglandTrentham, Staffordshire, a suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
Trentham Estate, a visitor attraction
Trentham Priory, now a ruinNew ZealandTrentham, New Zealand, a suburb of Upper Hutt City
Trentham Military Camp, located in Upper Hutt
Surname
Elizabeth Trentham
Herbert Trentham
Richard Trentham, MP
Thomas Trentham
Thomas Trentham (died ?1519), MP
|
historic county
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"Staffordshire"
]
}
|
Cheft Sar (Persian: چفت سر; also known as Chefteh Sar) is a village in Rudpey-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 149, in 37 families.
== References ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"Iran"
]
}
|
Cheft Sar (Persian: چفت سر; also known as Chefteh Sar) is a village in Rudpey-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 149, in 37 families.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"village"
]
}
|
The Diocese of Bismarck (Latin: Dioecesis Bismarckiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in western North Dakota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
As of 2023, the bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck is David Kagan. The mother church of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Bismarck.
Territory
The Diocese of Bismarck encompasses the following 24 North Dakota counties over 34,0000 square miles:
Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh, Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Renville, Sioux, Slope, Stark, Ward and Williams counties (along with the western part of Bottineau County).The diocese has a total population over 253,000 people, with approximately 66,400 Catholic church members.
History
The first Catholic church in western North Dakota was the Church of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated in Bismarck in 1875.
1909 to 1951
On December 31, 1909 Pope Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck, taking its territory from the Diocese of Fargo. He appointed Reverend Vincent de Paul Wehrle as the first bishop of the new diocese. During Wehrle's 29-year-long tenure, the Catholic population increased from 25,000 to 55,000. He constructed 55 churches, 18 parochial schools, and four hospitals were established. Wehrle established 115 new congregations. He also began construction on the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, but was forced to abandon his efforts due to the Great Depression.After Wehrle retired in 1939, Pope Pius XII named Monsignor Vincent Ryan of Fargo as the second bishop of Bismarck. During his 11-year tenure, Ryan constructed 69 church buildings for a total cost of over ten million dollars. Ryan founded the diocesan newspaper, Dakota Catholic Action, in 1941. The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit was dedicated in 1945. Ryan publicly opposed the 1948 North Dakota "anti-garb" law, which prohibited nuns from wearing their religious habits while teaching in public schools. Ryan died in 1951.
1952 to 1982
In 1952, Monsignor Lambert Hoch of the Diocese of Sioux Falls was appointed the third bishop of Bismarck, by Pius XII. During his four-year tenure, Hoch worked to promote vocations to the priesthood and religious life; between 1952 and 1960, 29 priests were ordained for the diocese and 13 for Assumption Abbey in Richardton. Hoch became bishop of Sioux Falls in 1956.
Pius XII named Monsignor Hilary Hacker of Saint Paul as the fourth bishop of Bismarck in 1956. Hacker dedicated much of his tenure implementing the Second Vatican Council reforms, especially the Mass of Paul VI, and greater participation of the laity. His tenure was also marked by high Catholic school enrollment, as well as the founding of Bishop Ryan High School in Minor and Trinity High School in Dickinson. He also established an annual appeal called God's Share; between 1956 and 1963, the annual collection rose from $165,000 to $225,000. Hacker retired in 1982.
1982 to present
The next bishop of Bismarck was Auxiliary Bishop John Kinney of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, named by Pope John Paul II in 1982. Kinney became bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud in 1995. To replace Kinney, the pope appointed Auxiliary Bishop Paul Zipfel of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis in 1997 as bishop of Bismarck. Zipfel retired in 2011.
The bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck, as of 2023, is David Kagan from the Diocese of Rockford. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011. In 2015, Kagan announced that the diocese was cutting ties with the Boy Scouts of America due to policy changes by the Boy Scouts allowing gay men to become scout leaders and volunteers. Kagan announced in 2022 that the diocese would investigate the life of Michelle Duppong for possible canonization, a young woman who conducted missionary work for several years at universities and colleges in North Dakota.
Sex abuse
In June 2002, Bishop Zipfel introduced a zero-tolerance policy of sexual abuse allegations against priests in the diocese. Under the policy, anyone accused of abuse would be immediately removed from active ministry and reported to the police for investigation.On January 2, 2019, the Diocese of Bismarck released the names of 22 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors since 1950.In 2020, Bishop Kagan released a list of 18 diocesan clergy and four extern clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors. He stated that the last substantiated case of sexual abuse occurred in 1989.
Bishops
Bishops of Bismarck
John Baptist Vincent de Paul Wehrle, O.S.B. (1910–1939)
Vincent James Ryan (1940–1951)
Lambert Anthony Hoch (1952–1956), appointed Bishop of Sioux Falls
Hilary Baumann Hacker (1956–1982)
John Francis Kinney (1982–1995), appointed Bishop of Saint Cloud
Paul Albert Zipfel (1996–2011)
David D. Kagan (2011–Present)
Other diocesan priests who became bishops
Sylvester William Treinen, appointed Bishop of Boise City in 1962
Austin Anthony Vetter, appointed Bishop of Helena in 2019
Diocesan officers
Bishop
Chancellor
Financial officer
Judicial vicar
Vicar general
Diocesan offices
Diocesan consultative groups
Corporate Board
Expansion Fund Board
Finance Council
Permanent Diaconate Commission
Priests' Benefit Association
Priests' Personnel Board
Presbyteral Council
High schools
Bishop Ryan High School, Minot
St. Mary's Central High School, Bismarck
Trinity High School, Dickinson
See also
Notes
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck Official Site-archives
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"North Dakota"
]
}
|
The Diocese of Bismarck (Latin: Dioecesis Bismarckiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in western North Dakota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
As of 2023, the bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck is David Kagan. The mother church of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Bismarck.
Territory
The Diocese of Bismarck encompasses the following 24 North Dakota counties over 34,0000 square miles:
Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh, Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Renville, Sioux, Slope, Stark, Ward and Williams counties (along with the western part of Bottineau County).The diocese has a total population over 253,000 people, with approximately 66,400 Catholic church members.
History
The first Catholic church in western North Dakota was the Church of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated in Bismarck in 1875.
1909 to 1951
On December 31, 1909 Pope Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck, taking its territory from the Diocese of Fargo. He appointed Reverend Vincent de Paul Wehrle as the first bishop of the new diocese. During Wehrle's 29-year-long tenure, the Catholic population increased from 25,000 to 55,000. He constructed 55 churches, 18 parochial schools, and four hospitals were established. Wehrle established 115 new congregations. He also began construction on the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, but was forced to abandon his efforts due to the Great Depression.After Wehrle retired in 1939, Pope Pius XII named Monsignor Vincent Ryan of Fargo as the second bishop of Bismarck. During his 11-year tenure, Ryan constructed 69 church buildings for a total cost of over ten million dollars. Ryan founded the diocesan newspaper, Dakota Catholic Action, in 1941. The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit was dedicated in 1945. Ryan publicly opposed the 1948 North Dakota "anti-garb" law, which prohibited nuns from wearing their religious habits while teaching in public schools. Ryan died in 1951.
1952 to 1982
In 1952, Monsignor Lambert Hoch of the Diocese of Sioux Falls was appointed the third bishop of Bismarck, by Pius XII. During his four-year tenure, Hoch worked to promote vocations to the priesthood and religious life; between 1952 and 1960, 29 priests were ordained for the diocese and 13 for Assumption Abbey in Richardton. Hoch became bishop of Sioux Falls in 1956.
Pius XII named Monsignor Hilary Hacker of Saint Paul as the fourth bishop of Bismarck in 1956. Hacker dedicated much of his tenure implementing the Second Vatican Council reforms, especially the Mass of Paul VI, and greater participation of the laity. His tenure was also marked by high Catholic school enrollment, as well as the founding of Bishop Ryan High School in Minor and Trinity High School in Dickinson. He also established an annual appeal called God's Share; between 1956 and 1963, the annual collection rose from $165,000 to $225,000. Hacker retired in 1982.
1982 to present
The next bishop of Bismarck was Auxiliary Bishop John Kinney of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, named by Pope John Paul II in 1982. Kinney became bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud in 1995. To replace Kinney, the pope appointed Auxiliary Bishop Paul Zipfel of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis in 1997 as bishop of Bismarck. Zipfel retired in 2011.
The bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck, as of 2023, is David Kagan from the Diocese of Rockford. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011. In 2015, Kagan announced that the diocese was cutting ties with the Boy Scouts of America due to policy changes by the Boy Scouts allowing gay men to become scout leaders and volunteers. Kagan announced in 2022 that the diocese would investigate the life of Michelle Duppong for possible canonization, a young woman who conducted missionary work for several years at universities and colleges in North Dakota.
Sex abuse
In June 2002, Bishop Zipfel introduced a zero-tolerance policy of sexual abuse allegations against priests in the diocese. Under the policy, anyone accused of abuse would be immediately removed from active ministry and reported to the police for investigation.On January 2, 2019, the Diocese of Bismarck released the names of 22 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors since 1950.In 2020, Bishop Kagan released a list of 18 diocesan clergy and four extern clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors. He stated that the last substantiated case of sexual abuse occurred in 1989.
Bishops
Bishops of Bismarck
John Baptist Vincent de Paul Wehrle, O.S.B. (1910–1939)
Vincent James Ryan (1940–1951)
Lambert Anthony Hoch (1952–1956), appointed Bishop of Sioux Falls
Hilary Baumann Hacker (1956–1982)
John Francis Kinney (1982–1995), appointed Bishop of Saint Cloud
Paul Albert Zipfel (1996–2011)
David D. Kagan (2011–Present)
Other diocesan priests who became bishops
Sylvester William Treinen, appointed Bishop of Boise City in 1962
Austin Anthony Vetter, appointed Bishop of Helena in 2019
Diocesan officers
Bishop
Chancellor
Financial officer
Judicial vicar
Vicar general
Diocesan offices
Diocesan consultative groups
Corporate Board
Expansion Fund Board
Finance Council
Permanent Diaconate Commission
Priests' Benefit Association
Priests' Personnel Board
Presbyteral Council
High schools
Bishop Ryan High School, Minot
St. Mary's Central High School, Bismarck
Trinity High School, Dickinson
See also
Notes
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck Official Site-archives
|
religion or worldview
|
{
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"Catholic Church"
]
}
|
The Diocese of Bismarck (Latin: Dioecesis Bismarckiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in western North Dakota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
As of 2023, the bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck is David Kagan. The mother church of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Bismarck.
Territory
The Diocese of Bismarck encompasses the following 24 North Dakota counties over 34,0000 square miles:
Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh, Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Renville, Sioux, Slope, Stark, Ward and Williams counties (along with the western part of Bottineau County).The diocese has a total population over 253,000 people, with approximately 66,400 Catholic church members.
History
The first Catholic church in western North Dakota was the Church of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated in Bismarck in 1875.
1909 to 1951
On December 31, 1909 Pope Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck, taking its territory from the Diocese of Fargo. He appointed Reverend Vincent de Paul Wehrle as the first bishop of the new diocese. During Wehrle's 29-year-long tenure, the Catholic population increased from 25,000 to 55,000. He constructed 55 churches, 18 parochial schools, and four hospitals were established. Wehrle established 115 new congregations. He also began construction on the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, but was forced to abandon his efforts due to the Great Depression.After Wehrle retired in 1939, Pope Pius XII named Monsignor Vincent Ryan of Fargo as the second bishop of Bismarck. During his 11-year tenure, Ryan constructed 69 church buildings for a total cost of over ten million dollars. Ryan founded the diocesan newspaper, Dakota Catholic Action, in 1941. The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit was dedicated in 1945. Ryan publicly opposed the 1948 North Dakota "anti-garb" law, which prohibited nuns from wearing their religious habits while teaching in public schools. Ryan died in 1951.
1952 to 1982
In 1952, Monsignor Lambert Hoch of the Diocese of Sioux Falls was appointed the third bishop of Bismarck, by Pius XII. During his four-year tenure, Hoch worked to promote vocations to the priesthood and religious life; between 1952 and 1960, 29 priests were ordained for the diocese and 13 for Assumption Abbey in Richardton. Hoch became bishop of Sioux Falls in 1956.
Pius XII named Monsignor Hilary Hacker of Saint Paul as the fourth bishop of Bismarck in 1956. Hacker dedicated much of his tenure implementing the Second Vatican Council reforms, especially the Mass of Paul VI, and greater participation of the laity. His tenure was also marked by high Catholic school enrollment, as well as the founding of Bishop Ryan High School in Minor and Trinity High School in Dickinson. He also established an annual appeal called God's Share; between 1956 and 1963, the annual collection rose from $165,000 to $225,000. Hacker retired in 1982.
1982 to present
The next bishop of Bismarck was Auxiliary Bishop John Kinney of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, named by Pope John Paul II in 1982. Kinney became bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud in 1995. To replace Kinney, the pope appointed Auxiliary Bishop Paul Zipfel of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis in 1997 as bishop of Bismarck. Zipfel retired in 2011.
The bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck, as of 2023, is David Kagan from the Diocese of Rockford. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011. In 2015, Kagan announced that the diocese was cutting ties with the Boy Scouts of America due to policy changes by the Boy Scouts allowing gay men to become scout leaders and volunteers. Kagan announced in 2022 that the diocese would investigate the life of Michelle Duppong for possible canonization, a young woman who conducted missionary work for several years at universities and colleges in North Dakota.
Sex abuse
In June 2002, Bishop Zipfel introduced a zero-tolerance policy of sexual abuse allegations against priests in the diocese. Under the policy, anyone accused of abuse would be immediately removed from active ministry and reported to the police for investigation.On January 2, 2019, the Diocese of Bismarck released the names of 22 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors since 1950.In 2020, Bishop Kagan released a list of 18 diocesan clergy and four extern clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors. He stated that the last substantiated case of sexual abuse occurred in 1989.
Bishops
Bishops of Bismarck
John Baptist Vincent de Paul Wehrle, O.S.B. (1910–1939)
Vincent James Ryan (1940–1951)
Lambert Anthony Hoch (1952–1956), appointed Bishop of Sioux Falls
Hilary Baumann Hacker (1956–1982)
John Francis Kinney (1982–1995), appointed Bishop of Saint Cloud
Paul Albert Zipfel (1996–2011)
David D. Kagan (2011–Present)
Other diocesan priests who became bishops
Sylvester William Treinen, appointed Bishop of Boise City in 1962
Austin Anthony Vetter, appointed Bishop of Helena in 2019
Diocesan officers
Bishop
Chancellor
Financial officer
Judicial vicar
Vicar general
Diocesan offices
Diocesan consultative groups
Corporate Board
Expansion Fund Board
Finance Council
Permanent Diaconate Commission
Priests' Benefit Association
Priests' Personnel Board
Presbyteral Council
High schools
Bishop Ryan High School, Minot
St. Mary's Central High School, Bismarck
Trinity High School, Dickinson
See also
Notes
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck Official Site-archives
|
headquarters location
|
{
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Bismarck"
]
}
|
The Diocese of Bismarck (Latin: Dioecesis Bismarckiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in western North Dakota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
As of 2023, the bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck is David Kagan. The mother church of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Bismarck.
Territory
The Diocese of Bismarck encompasses the following 24 North Dakota counties over 34,0000 square miles:
Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh, Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Renville, Sioux, Slope, Stark, Ward and Williams counties (along with the western part of Bottineau County).The diocese has a total population over 253,000 people, with approximately 66,400 Catholic church members.
History
The first Catholic church in western North Dakota was the Church of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated in Bismarck in 1875.
1909 to 1951
On December 31, 1909 Pope Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck, taking its territory from the Diocese of Fargo. He appointed Reverend Vincent de Paul Wehrle as the first bishop of the new diocese. During Wehrle's 29-year-long tenure, the Catholic population increased from 25,000 to 55,000. He constructed 55 churches, 18 parochial schools, and four hospitals were established. Wehrle established 115 new congregations. He also began construction on the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, but was forced to abandon his efforts due to the Great Depression.After Wehrle retired in 1939, Pope Pius XII named Monsignor Vincent Ryan of Fargo as the second bishop of Bismarck. During his 11-year tenure, Ryan constructed 69 church buildings for a total cost of over ten million dollars. Ryan founded the diocesan newspaper, Dakota Catholic Action, in 1941. The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit was dedicated in 1945. Ryan publicly opposed the 1948 North Dakota "anti-garb" law, which prohibited nuns from wearing their religious habits while teaching in public schools. Ryan died in 1951.
1952 to 1982
In 1952, Monsignor Lambert Hoch of the Diocese of Sioux Falls was appointed the third bishop of Bismarck, by Pius XII. During his four-year tenure, Hoch worked to promote vocations to the priesthood and religious life; between 1952 and 1960, 29 priests were ordained for the diocese and 13 for Assumption Abbey in Richardton. Hoch became bishop of Sioux Falls in 1956.
Pius XII named Monsignor Hilary Hacker of Saint Paul as the fourth bishop of Bismarck in 1956. Hacker dedicated much of his tenure implementing the Second Vatican Council reforms, especially the Mass of Paul VI, and greater participation of the laity. His tenure was also marked by high Catholic school enrollment, as well as the founding of Bishop Ryan High School in Minor and Trinity High School in Dickinson. He also established an annual appeal called God's Share; between 1956 and 1963, the annual collection rose from $165,000 to $225,000. Hacker retired in 1982.
1982 to present
The next bishop of Bismarck was Auxiliary Bishop John Kinney of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, named by Pope John Paul II in 1982. Kinney became bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud in 1995. To replace Kinney, the pope appointed Auxiliary Bishop Paul Zipfel of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis in 1997 as bishop of Bismarck. Zipfel retired in 2011.
The bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck, as of 2023, is David Kagan from the Diocese of Rockford. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011. In 2015, Kagan announced that the diocese was cutting ties with the Boy Scouts of America due to policy changes by the Boy Scouts allowing gay men to become scout leaders and volunteers. Kagan announced in 2022 that the diocese would investigate the life of Michelle Duppong for possible canonization, a young woman who conducted missionary work for several years at universities and colleges in North Dakota.
Sex abuse
In June 2002, Bishop Zipfel introduced a zero-tolerance policy of sexual abuse allegations against priests in the diocese. Under the policy, anyone accused of abuse would be immediately removed from active ministry and reported to the police for investigation.On January 2, 2019, the Diocese of Bismarck released the names of 22 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors since 1950.In 2020, Bishop Kagan released a list of 18 diocesan clergy and four extern clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors. He stated that the last substantiated case of sexual abuse occurred in 1989.
Bishops
Bishops of Bismarck
John Baptist Vincent de Paul Wehrle, O.S.B. (1910–1939)
Vincent James Ryan (1940–1951)
Lambert Anthony Hoch (1952–1956), appointed Bishop of Sioux Falls
Hilary Baumann Hacker (1956–1982)
John Francis Kinney (1982–1995), appointed Bishop of Saint Cloud
Paul Albert Zipfel (1996–2011)
David D. Kagan (2011–Present)
Other diocesan priests who became bishops
Sylvester William Treinen, appointed Bishop of Boise City in 1962
Austin Anthony Vetter, appointed Bishop of Helena in 2019
Diocesan officers
Bishop
Chancellor
Financial officer
Judicial vicar
Vicar general
Diocesan offices
Diocesan consultative groups
Corporate Board
Expansion Fund Board
Finance Council
Permanent Diaconate Commission
Priests' Benefit Association
Priests' Personnel Board
Presbyteral Council
High schools
Bishop Ryan High School, Minot
St. Mary's Central High School, Bismarck
Trinity High School, Dickinson
See also
Notes
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck Official Site-archives
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
5598
],
"text": [
"Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck"
]
}
|
The Diocese of Bismarck (Latin: Dioecesis Bismarckiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in western North Dakota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
As of 2023, the bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck is David Kagan. The mother church of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Bismarck.
Territory
The Diocese of Bismarck encompasses the following 24 North Dakota counties over 34,0000 square miles:
Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh, Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Renville, Sioux, Slope, Stark, Ward and Williams counties (along with the western part of Bottineau County).The diocese has a total population over 253,000 people, with approximately 66,400 Catholic church members.
History
The first Catholic church in western North Dakota was the Church of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated in Bismarck in 1875.
1909 to 1951
On December 31, 1909 Pope Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck, taking its territory from the Diocese of Fargo. He appointed Reverend Vincent de Paul Wehrle as the first bishop of the new diocese. During Wehrle's 29-year-long tenure, the Catholic population increased from 25,000 to 55,000. He constructed 55 churches, 18 parochial schools, and four hospitals were established. Wehrle established 115 new congregations. He also began construction on the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, but was forced to abandon his efforts due to the Great Depression.After Wehrle retired in 1939, Pope Pius XII named Monsignor Vincent Ryan of Fargo as the second bishop of Bismarck. During his 11-year tenure, Ryan constructed 69 church buildings for a total cost of over ten million dollars. Ryan founded the diocesan newspaper, Dakota Catholic Action, in 1941. The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit was dedicated in 1945. Ryan publicly opposed the 1948 North Dakota "anti-garb" law, which prohibited nuns from wearing their religious habits while teaching in public schools. Ryan died in 1951.
1952 to 1982
In 1952, Monsignor Lambert Hoch of the Diocese of Sioux Falls was appointed the third bishop of Bismarck, by Pius XII. During his four-year tenure, Hoch worked to promote vocations to the priesthood and religious life; between 1952 and 1960, 29 priests were ordained for the diocese and 13 for Assumption Abbey in Richardton. Hoch became bishop of Sioux Falls in 1956.
Pius XII named Monsignor Hilary Hacker of Saint Paul as the fourth bishop of Bismarck in 1956. Hacker dedicated much of his tenure implementing the Second Vatican Council reforms, especially the Mass of Paul VI, and greater participation of the laity. His tenure was also marked by high Catholic school enrollment, as well as the founding of Bishop Ryan High School in Minor and Trinity High School in Dickinson. He also established an annual appeal called God's Share; between 1956 and 1963, the annual collection rose from $165,000 to $225,000. Hacker retired in 1982.
1982 to present
The next bishop of Bismarck was Auxiliary Bishop John Kinney of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, named by Pope John Paul II in 1982. Kinney became bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud in 1995. To replace Kinney, the pope appointed Auxiliary Bishop Paul Zipfel of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis in 1997 as bishop of Bismarck. Zipfel retired in 2011.
The bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck, as of 2023, is David Kagan from the Diocese of Rockford. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011. In 2015, Kagan announced that the diocese was cutting ties with the Boy Scouts of America due to policy changes by the Boy Scouts allowing gay men to become scout leaders and volunteers. Kagan announced in 2022 that the diocese would investigate the life of Michelle Duppong for possible canonization, a young woman who conducted missionary work for several years at universities and colleges in North Dakota.
Sex abuse
In June 2002, Bishop Zipfel introduced a zero-tolerance policy of sexual abuse allegations against priests in the diocese. Under the policy, anyone accused of abuse would be immediately removed from active ministry and reported to the police for investigation.On January 2, 2019, the Diocese of Bismarck released the names of 22 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors since 1950.In 2020, Bishop Kagan released a list of 18 diocesan clergy and four extern clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors. He stated that the last substantiated case of sexual abuse occurred in 1989.
Bishops
Bishops of Bismarck
John Baptist Vincent de Paul Wehrle, O.S.B. (1910–1939)
Vincent James Ryan (1940–1951)
Lambert Anthony Hoch (1952–1956), appointed Bishop of Sioux Falls
Hilary Baumann Hacker (1956–1982)
John Francis Kinney (1982–1995), appointed Bishop of Saint Cloud
Paul Albert Zipfel (1996–2011)
David D. Kagan (2011–Present)
Other diocesan priests who became bishops
Sylvester William Treinen, appointed Bishop of Boise City in 1962
Austin Anthony Vetter, appointed Bishop of Helena in 2019
Diocesan officers
Bishop
Chancellor
Financial officer
Judicial vicar
Vicar general
Diocesan offices
Diocesan consultative groups
Corporate Board
Expansion Fund Board
Finance Council
Permanent Diaconate Commission
Priests' Benefit Association
Priests' Personnel Board
Presbyteral Council
High schools
Bishop Ryan High School, Minot
St. Mary's Central High School, Bismarck
Trinity High School, Dickinson
See also
Notes
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck Official Site-archives
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chairperson
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The Diocese of Bismarck (Latin: Dioecesis Bismarckiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in western North Dakota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
As of 2023, the bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck is David Kagan. The mother church of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Bismarck.
Territory
The Diocese of Bismarck encompasses the following 24 North Dakota counties over 34,0000 square miles:
Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh, Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Golden Valley, Grant, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Renville, Sioux, Slope, Stark, Ward and Williams counties (along with the western part of Bottineau County).The diocese has a total population over 253,000 people, with approximately 66,400 Catholic church members.
History
The first Catholic church in western North Dakota was the Church of the Immaculate Conception, dedicated in Bismarck in 1875.
1909 to 1951
On December 31, 1909 Pope Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck, taking its territory from the Diocese of Fargo. He appointed Reverend Vincent de Paul Wehrle as the first bishop of the new diocese. During Wehrle's 29-year-long tenure, the Catholic population increased from 25,000 to 55,000. He constructed 55 churches, 18 parochial schools, and four hospitals were established. Wehrle established 115 new congregations. He also began construction on the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, but was forced to abandon his efforts due to the Great Depression.After Wehrle retired in 1939, Pope Pius XII named Monsignor Vincent Ryan of Fargo as the second bishop of Bismarck. During his 11-year tenure, Ryan constructed 69 church buildings for a total cost of over ten million dollars. Ryan founded the diocesan newspaper, Dakota Catholic Action, in 1941. The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit was dedicated in 1945. Ryan publicly opposed the 1948 North Dakota "anti-garb" law, which prohibited nuns from wearing their religious habits while teaching in public schools. Ryan died in 1951.
1952 to 1982
In 1952, Monsignor Lambert Hoch of the Diocese of Sioux Falls was appointed the third bishop of Bismarck, by Pius XII. During his four-year tenure, Hoch worked to promote vocations to the priesthood and religious life; between 1952 and 1960, 29 priests were ordained for the diocese and 13 for Assumption Abbey in Richardton. Hoch became bishop of Sioux Falls in 1956.
Pius XII named Monsignor Hilary Hacker of Saint Paul as the fourth bishop of Bismarck in 1956. Hacker dedicated much of his tenure implementing the Second Vatican Council reforms, especially the Mass of Paul VI, and greater participation of the laity. His tenure was also marked by high Catholic school enrollment, as well as the founding of Bishop Ryan High School in Minor and Trinity High School in Dickinson. He also established an annual appeal called God's Share; between 1956 and 1963, the annual collection rose from $165,000 to $225,000. Hacker retired in 1982.
1982 to present
The next bishop of Bismarck was Auxiliary Bishop John Kinney of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, named by Pope John Paul II in 1982. Kinney became bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud in 1995. To replace Kinney, the pope appointed Auxiliary Bishop Paul Zipfel of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis in 1997 as bishop of Bismarck. Zipfel retired in 2011.
The bishop of the Diocese of Bismarck, as of 2023, is David Kagan from the Diocese of Rockford. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011. In 2015, Kagan announced that the diocese was cutting ties with the Boy Scouts of America due to policy changes by the Boy Scouts allowing gay men to become scout leaders and volunteers. Kagan announced in 2022 that the diocese would investigate the life of Michelle Duppong for possible canonization, a young woman who conducted missionary work for several years at universities and colleges in North Dakota.
Sex abuse
In June 2002, Bishop Zipfel introduced a zero-tolerance policy of sexual abuse allegations against priests in the diocese. Under the policy, anyone accused of abuse would be immediately removed from active ministry and reported to the police for investigation.On January 2, 2019, the Diocese of Bismarck released the names of 22 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors since 1950.In 2020, Bishop Kagan released a list of 18 diocesan clergy and four extern clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors. He stated that the last substantiated case of sexual abuse occurred in 1989.
Bishops
Bishops of Bismarck
John Baptist Vincent de Paul Wehrle, O.S.B. (1910–1939)
Vincent James Ryan (1940–1951)
Lambert Anthony Hoch (1952–1956), appointed Bishop of Sioux Falls
Hilary Baumann Hacker (1956–1982)
John Francis Kinney (1982–1995), appointed Bishop of Saint Cloud
Paul Albert Zipfel (1996–2011)
David D. Kagan (2011–Present)
Other diocesan priests who became bishops
Sylvester William Treinen, appointed Bishop of Boise City in 1962
Austin Anthony Vetter, appointed Bishop of Helena in 2019
Diocesan officers
Bishop
Chancellor
Financial officer
Judicial vicar
Vicar general
Diocesan offices
Diocesan consultative groups
Corporate Board
Expansion Fund Board
Finance Council
Permanent Diaconate Commission
Priests' Benefit Association
Priests' Personnel Board
Presbyteral Council
High schools
Bishop Ryan High School, Minot
St. Mary's Central High School, Bismarck
Trinity High School, Dickinson
See also
Notes
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck Official Site-archives
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Elizabeth Marion Innes FRCPE (10 April 1921 - 10 April 2015) was a Scottish paediatric haematologist.
Early life and education
Elizabeth Marion Innes (nickname, "Elma") was born in Adrossan, 10 April 1921. She grew up in Burntisland, Scotland.Innes attended The Mary Erskine's School in Edinburgh, commuting by train each day from her home in Fife. She studied for her medical degree at the University of Edinburgh in 1943 and was the most distinguished woman graduate in her year.
Career and research
As a junior doctor, she treated soldiers returning from the World War II at Gogarburn Emergency medical services hospital, going on to later specialise in paediatrics and community child health. In 1962, she established the paediatric haematology unit in Edinburgh's Royal Hospital for Sick Children, and was unpaid for the first two years of this work. Innes became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1946, and a Fellow in 1966.Innes spent a year working as a haematology research fellow in St Louis, United states in the late 1940s. She participated in multi-centre trials of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for children with leukaemia, and became a member of the Medical Research Council's working party on childhood leukaemia in 1969. Innes was appointed as a senior lecturer at the University of Edinburgh in 1976.
Personal life
She married her husband, James, in 1946 who had told her that he would only marry her if she passed the Royal College of Physicians examinations. Together the couple had two daughters and a son. After retiring in 1981, she enjoyed travelling with James, particularly to Barra, and spending time with her family, gardening, reading and playing piano. Innes was widowed in 2009, after 63 years of marriage. She died on her 94th birthday, on 10 April 2015.
== References ==
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Elizabeth Marion Innes FRCPE (10 April 1921 - 10 April 2015) was a Scottish paediatric haematologist.
Early life and education
Elizabeth Marion Innes (nickname, "Elma") was born in Adrossan, 10 April 1921. She grew up in Burntisland, Scotland.Innes attended The Mary Erskine's School in Edinburgh, commuting by train each day from her home in Fife. She studied for her medical degree at the University of Edinburgh in 1943 and was the most distinguished woman graduate in her year.
Career and research
As a junior doctor, she treated soldiers returning from the World War II at Gogarburn Emergency medical services hospital, going on to later specialise in paediatrics and community child health. In 1962, she established the paediatric haematology unit in Edinburgh's Royal Hospital for Sick Children, and was unpaid for the first two years of this work. Innes became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1946, and a Fellow in 1966.Innes spent a year working as a haematology research fellow in St Louis, United states in the late 1940s. She participated in multi-centre trials of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for children with leukaemia, and became a member of the Medical Research Council's working party on childhood leukaemia in 1969. Innes was appointed as a senior lecturer at the University of Edinburgh in 1976.
Personal life
She married her husband, James, in 1946 who had told her that he would only marry her if she passed the Royal College of Physicians examinations. Together the couple had two daughters and a son. After retiring in 1981, she enjoyed travelling with James, particularly to Barra, and spending time with her family, gardening, reading and playing piano. Innes was widowed in 2009, after 63 years of marriage. She died on her 94th birthday, on 10 April 2015.
== References ==
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employer
|
{
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393
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"text": [
"University of Edinburgh"
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|
Elizabeth Marion Innes FRCPE (10 April 1921 - 10 April 2015) was a Scottish paediatric haematologist.
Early life and education
Elizabeth Marion Innes (nickname, "Elma") was born in Adrossan, 10 April 1921. She grew up in Burntisland, Scotland.Innes attended The Mary Erskine's School in Edinburgh, commuting by train each day from her home in Fife. She studied for her medical degree at the University of Edinburgh in 1943 and was the most distinguished woman graduate in her year.
Career and research
As a junior doctor, she treated soldiers returning from the World War II at Gogarburn Emergency medical services hospital, going on to later specialise in paediatrics and community child health. In 1962, she established the paediatric haematology unit in Edinburgh's Royal Hospital for Sick Children, and was unpaid for the first two years of this work. Innes became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1946, and a Fellow in 1966.Innes spent a year working as a haematology research fellow in St Louis, United states in the late 1940s. She participated in multi-centre trials of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for children with leukaemia, and became a member of the Medical Research Council's working party on childhood leukaemia in 1969. Innes was appointed as a senior lecturer at the University of Edinburgh in 1976.
Personal life
She married her husband, James, in 1946 who had told her that he would only marry her if she passed the Royal College of Physicians examinations. Together the couple had two daughters and a son. After retiring in 1981, she enjoyed travelling with James, particularly to Barra, and spending time with her family, gardening, reading and playing piano. Innes was widowed in 2009, after 63 years of marriage. She died on her 94th birthday, on 10 April 2015.
== References ==
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family name
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{
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Elizabeth Marion Innes FRCPE (10 April 1921 - 10 April 2015) was a Scottish paediatric haematologist.
Early life and education
Elizabeth Marion Innes (nickname, "Elma") was born in Adrossan, 10 April 1921. She grew up in Burntisland, Scotland.Innes attended The Mary Erskine's School in Edinburgh, commuting by train each day from her home in Fife. She studied for her medical degree at the University of Edinburgh in 1943 and was the most distinguished woman graduate in her year.
Career and research
As a junior doctor, she treated soldiers returning from the World War II at Gogarburn Emergency medical services hospital, going on to later specialise in paediatrics and community child health. In 1962, she established the paediatric haematology unit in Edinburgh's Royal Hospital for Sick Children, and was unpaid for the first two years of this work. Innes became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1946, and a Fellow in 1966.Innes spent a year working as a haematology research fellow in St Louis, United states in the late 1940s. She participated in multi-centre trials of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for children with leukaemia, and became a member of the Medical Research Council's working party on childhood leukaemia in 1969. Innes was appointed as a senior lecturer at the University of Edinburgh in 1976.
Personal life
She married her husband, James, in 1946 who had told her that he would only marry her if she passed the Royal College of Physicians examinations. Together the couple had two daughters and a son. After retiring in 1981, she enjoyed travelling with James, particularly to Barra, and spending time with her family, gardening, reading and playing piano. Innes was widowed in 2009, after 63 years of marriage. She died on her 94th birthday, on 10 April 2015.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
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"text": [
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3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
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instance of
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3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
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3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
record label
|
{
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"Atlantic Records"
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}
|
3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
numeric value
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"3860"
]
}
|
3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"3860"
]
}
|
3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
number of parts of this work
|
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1480
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"text": [
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3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
KIT Linked Open Numbers ID
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"3860"
]
}
|
3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
prime factor
|
{
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"2"
]
}
|
3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
number of decimal digits
|
{
"answer_start": [
1062
],
"text": [
"4"
]
}
|
3860 is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Quando Rondo and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It was released through Atlantic Records and Never Broke Again on November 25, 2022. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lul Timm. Four singles supported the mixtape: "Give Me a Sign", "Cream Soda", "Keep Me Dry", and "It's On". YoungBoy's in-house producer and engineer Jason "Cheese" Goldberg and Quando's engineer, Jacoby “CxbGoCrazy” Cherry mixed, mastered, and recorded every track on the mixtape. The album also features production from many prestigious producers such as 808Melo, Bankroll Got It, Dmac, Droc, Pooh Beatz, Synco, and Yakree. The mixtape marks Quando's first project of 2022 and YoungBoy's seventh project of 2022.
Release and promotion
On August 30, 2022, following the death of Quando's close friend Lul Pab after both Quando and Pab were victims of a drive-by shooting, Quando and YoungBoy released the mixtape's first single, "Give Me a Sign", in memory of Lul Pab and Big Dump, as seen on the single's cover art. On October 4, 2022, Rolling Stone conducted an interview with Quando Rondo; in the interview, Quando spoke about the behind the scenes and making of the mixtape. On October 26, 2022, the mixtape's second single, "Cream Soda", was released. The single only featured vocals from Quando Rondo. On November 17, 2022, the mixtape's third single, "Keep Me Dry", was released following its announcement and tracklist reveal on November 16, 2022. The mixtape's fourth and final single, "It's On", was released on November 21, 2022, just four days prior to the release of the project.
Artwork
The mixtape's artwork presents an animated version of Quando and YoungBoy with blue and green bandanas tied to a street sign making references to each of their gang affiliations. YoungBoy — on the left-hand side — has a "38" on the street sign, making a reference to the North 38th St in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; the street on which YoungBoy had grown up. The street was also used as inspiration for YoungBoy's other mixtapes, 38 Baby and 38 Baby 2. The green flag tied to the street sign references the colors of YoungBoy's 4KTrey gang. The reference regarding the green flags have also been used as inspiration for Never Broke Again's compilation, Green Flag Activity. Quando — on the right-hand side — has a "60" on the street sign, making a direct reference to the Rollin' 60s Neighborhood Crips which Quando has both rapped about and spoken about his affiliation with. The blue bandana also makes a direct reference to the Crips as they're heavily associated with the color blue.
Controversy
According to reports, Quando Rondo dissed Lil Durk, King Von, and their respective association with gangs, most particularly in the first verse of the mixtape's fifth cut, "Want Me Dead." Quando begins his verse by taking shots at both King Von and his sister Kayla B, otherwise known as Kayla Bennett as he rapped: "Ha, my favorite opp dead, sister talk too much, no, I don't like the bitch/Lul Timmy rolled her brother up, got stepped on in some Nike kicks." The lyric refers to Von as his "favorite opp" and states that Von's sister, Kayla, talks too much, referring to several of her past interviews in which she speaks about the murder of her brother. Quando further goes into detail about the night of Von's murder as "Timmy," otherwise known as Lul Timm, the solo guest appearance on the mixtape is the alleged murderer of King Von. The diss received a mixed number of response from fans, many taunting Quando about the death of his friend Lul Pabb, others advocating the violent lyrics.Furthermore, on the day of the project's release, Quando and YoungBoy received mild backlash from fans after there was a lack of promotion, this was soon followed by a response from YoungBoy where he stated that he and Quando had come to a mutual agreement to not release the project, however, Atlantic Records had gone behind the two artists' back and released the mixtape, uploading it to YoungBoy's official YouTube channel: I had to tell Quando don't nobody care as long as they making dollars off you I've begged for that tape to not be Released and quando respected my wishes/I talk to missionaries everyday inside my home who probably gone ask me about that tape that shit not sitting on top of my heart right but pay attention to what these people promote they are even and don't give a fuck about us." The release had led to YoungBoy deleting the mixtape from his YouTube channel as he disapproved of the lyrics after stating that he wants to "stop the violence."
Critical reception
3860 received generally negative reviews from music critics. Paul Simmons from AllMusic stated that "the tape is hard as nails, with drill-influenced production and ruthless lyrics."
Commercial performance
3860 debuted at number sixty-two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 14,397 album-equivalent units (including 329 copies in pure album sales) in its first week.
Track listing
Sample credits
"I Swear" contains a sample of "Le Ultime Occasioni - Reloaded Version" by DJ Fede, performed by Caneda, Fred De Palma, Jack the Smoker, Jake La Furia, and Primo Brown.
Personnel
Quando Rondo – vocals (1–16)
YoungBoy Never Broke Again – vocals (1–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15)
Lul Timm – vocals (1)
Jason "Cheese" Goldberg – mastering, mixing (1-16), recording (1–13, 15)
CxbGoCrazy – mastering (4), mixing (4, 6), recording (1–4, 6–10, 11–16)
Fabian Marasciullo – mixing (13, 14)
David Devaney – assistant mixing (4)
Charts
== References ==
|
form of creative work
|
{
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"mixtape"
]
}
|
Raymond Harold Sawkins (14 July 1923 – 23 August 2006) was a British novelist, who mainly published under the pseudonym Colin Forbes, but also as Richard Raine, Jay Bernard and Harold English. He published only three of his first books under his own name.
Sawkins wrote over 40 books, mostly as Colin Forbes. He was most famous for his long-running series of thriller novels in which the principal character is Tweed, Deputy Director of the Secret Intelligence Service.
Life
Born in Hampstead, London, Sawkins attended The Lower School of John Lyon in Harrow, London. At the age of 16 he started work as a sub-editor with a magazine and book publishing company. He served with the British Army in North Africa and the Middle East during World War II. Before his demobilisation he was attached to the Army Newspaper Unit in Rome. On his return to civilian life he joined a publishing and printing company, commuting to London for 20 years, until he became successful enough to be a full-time novelist.
Sawkins was married to a Scots-Canadian, Jane Robertson (born 31 March 1925, died 1993). Together they had one daughter, Janet.
Sawkins died of a heart attack on 23 August 2006.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) received £3.5 million as the sole beneficiary of Sawkins' estate following his death. This is the largest legacy ever received by the RSPB.
Work
His first book, Snow on High Ground, was written under his own name in 1966. Two more books in the Snow series were also published under his own name. Over the next few years Sawkins experimented with books under three pseudonyms: Richard Raine, Colin Forbes, and Jay Bernard (though the latter is not to be confused with the UK poet). Tramp in Armour was the first book published as Colin Forbes, in 1969. All subsequent books, apart from The Burning Fuse and The Heavens Above Us (only published in German, as In letzter Minute), he wrote as Forbes.
Sawkins later distanced himself from his early books, choosing to refer to Tramp in Armour as his first novel.Sawkins was often quoted as personally visiting every location he features in his books to aid the authenticity of the writing. As a result, there is detailed description of the places where the action in his books takes place.
A common thread in his later work was the incorporation of climatic conditions, especially fog. His works are also notable for his frequent inclusion of a prologue and epilogue.
One of his manuscripts, The Heavens Above Us, was published only in German, under the title In letzter Minute. The two first releases, in 1979 and 1981, were under the pseudonym Harold English, but in 2002 it was re-released under the Colin Forbes name.Fury (1995) was inspired by the courage of his wife before she died, and he set it apart from his other novels "because of the strong emotion and sense of loss that runs through it".Just one of Forbes's novels was made into a film: Avalanche Express, directed by Mark Robson and starring Lee Marvin and Robert Shaw, which was released in 1979 to generally poor reviews.
His last book, The Savage Gorge, was published posthumously in November 2006.
Bibliography
as Raymond Sawkins
Snow series:
Snow on High Ground (1966)
Snow in Paradise (1967)
Snow Along The Border (1968)
as Richard Raine
David Martini series:
A Wreath for America (1967) (published in the United States as The Corder Index)
Night of the Hawk (1968)
Bombshell (1969)
as Jay Bernard
The Burning Fuse (1970)
as Colin Forbes
Tramp In Armour (1969)
The Heights of Zervos (1970)
The Palermo Ambush (1972)
Target 5 (1973)
The Year of the Golden Ape (1974)
The Stone Leopard (1975)
Avalanche Express (1976)
The Stockholm Syndicate (1981)
Cross of Fire (1992)
Tweed & Co. series:
Double Jeopardy (1982)
Terminal (1984)
Cover Story (1985)
The Janus Man (1987)
Deadlock (1988)
The Greek Key (1989)
Shockwave (1990)
Whirlpool (1991)
Cross of Fire (1992)
By Stealth (1992)
The Power (1994)
Fury (1995)
Precipice (1995)
The Cauldron (1997)
The Sisterhood (1998)
This United State (1998)
Sinister Tide (1999)
Rhinoceros (2000)
The Vorpal Blade (2001)
The Cell (2002)
No Mercy (2003)
Blood Storm (2004)
The Main Chance (2005)
The Savage Gorge (2006). Published posthumously
The Leader and the Damned (1983)
as Harold English
In letzter Minute (English script title: The Heavens Above Us) (1979)
References
External links
Colin Forbes at the Internet Book List
The Times obituary, 24 November 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2010
|
place of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
495
],
"text": [
"London"
]
}
|
Raymond Harold Sawkins (14 July 1923 – 23 August 2006) was a British novelist, who mainly published under the pseudonym Colin Forbes, but also as Richard Raine, Jay Bernard and Harold English. He published only three of his first books under his own name.
Sawkins wrote over 40 books, mostly as Colin Forbes. He was most famous for his long-running series of thriller novels in which the principal character is Tweed, Deputy Director of the Secret Intelligence Service.
Life
Born in Hampstead, London, Sawkins attended The Lower School of John Lyon in Harrow, London. At the age of 16 he started work as a sub-editor with a magazine and book publishing company. He served with the British Army in North Africa and the Middle East during World War II. Before his demobilisation he was attached to the Army Newspaper Unit in Rome. On his return to civilian life he joined a publishing and printing company, commuting to London for 20 years, until he became successful enough to be a full-time novelist.
Sawkins was married to a Scots-Canadian, Jane Robertson (born 31 March 1925, died 1993). Together they had one daughter, Janet.
Sawkins died of a heart attack on 23 August 2006.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) received £3.5 million as the sole beneficiary of Sawkins' estate following his death. This is the largest legacy ever received by the RSPB.
Work
His first book, Snow on High Ground, was written under his own name in 1966. Two more books in the Snow series were also published under his own name. Over the next few years Sawkins experimented with books under three pseudonyms: Richard Raine, Colin Forbes, and Jay Bernard (though the latter is not to be confused with the UK poet). Tramp in Armour was the first book published as Colin Forbes, in 1969. All subsequent books, apart from The Burning Fuse and The Heavens Above Us (only published in German, as In letzter Minute), he wrote as Forbes.
Sawkins later distanced himself from his early books, choosing to refer to Tramp in Armour as his first novel.Sawkins was often quoted as personally visiting every location he features in his books to aid the authenticity of the writing. As a result, there is detailed description of the places where the action in his books takes place.
A common thread in his later work was the incorporation of climatic conditions, especially fog. His works are also notable for his frequent inclusion of a prologue and epilogue.
One of his manuscripts, The Heavens Above Us, was published only in German, under the title In letzter Minute. The two first releases, in 1979 and 1981, were under the pseudonym Harold English, but in 2002 it was re-released under the Colin Forbes name.Fury (1995) was inspired by the courage of his wife before she died, and he set it apart from his other novels "because of the strong emotion and sense of loss that runs through it".Just one of Forbes's novels was made into a film: Avalanche Express, directed by Mark Robson and starring Lee Marvin and Robert Shaw, which was released in 1979 to generally poor reviews.
His last book, The Savage Gorge, was published posthumously in November 2006.
Bibliography
as Raymond Sawkins
Snow series:
Snow on High Ground (1966)
Snow in Paradise (1967)
Snow Along The Border (1968)
as Richard Raine
David Martini series:
A Wreath for America (1967) (published in the United States as The Corder Index)
Night of the Hawk (1968)
Bombshell (1969)
as Jay Bernard
The Burning Fuse (1970)
as Colin Forbes
Tramp In Armour (1969)
The Heights of Zervos (1970)
The Palermo Ambush (1972)
Target 5 (1973)
The Year of the Golden Ape (1974)
The Stone Leopard (1975)
Avalanche Express (1976)
The Stockholm Syndicate (1981)
Cross of Fire (1992)
Tweed & Co. series:
Double Jeopardy (1982)
Terminal (1984)
Cover Story (1985)
The Janus Man (1987)
Deadlock (1988)
The Greek Key (1989)
Shockwave (1990)
Whirlpool (1991)
Cross of Fire (1992)
By Stealth (1992)
The Power (1994)
Fury (1995)
Precipice (1995)
The Cauldron (1997)
The Sisterhood (1998)
This United State (1998)
Sinister Tide (1999)
Rhinoceros (2000)
The Vorpal Blade (2001)
The Cell (2002)
No Mercy (2003)
Blood Storm (2004)
The Main Chance (2005)
The Savage Gorge (2006). Published posthumously
The Leader and the Damned (1983)
as Harold English
In letzter Minute (English script title: The Heavens Above Us) (1979)
References
External links
Colin Forbes at the Internet Book List
The Times obituary, 24 November 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2010
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"novelist"
]
}
|
Raymond Harold Sawkins (14 July 1923 – 23 August 2006) was a British novelist, who mainly published under the pseudonym Colin Forbes, but also as Richard Raine, Jay Bernard and Harold English. He published only three of his first books under his own name.
Sawkins wrote over 40 books, mostly as Colin Forbes. He was most famous for his long-running series of thriller novels in which the principal character is Tweed, Deputy Director of the Secret Intelligence Service.
Life
Born in Hampstead, London, Sawkins attended The Lower School of John Lyon in Harrow, London. At the age of 16 he started work as a sub-editor with a magazine and book publishing company. He served with the British Army in North Africa and the Middle East during World War II. Before his demobilisation he was attached to the Army Newspaper Unit in Rome. On his return to civilian life he joined a publishing and printing company, commuting to London for 20 years, until he became successful enough to be a full-time novelist.
Sawkins was married to a Scots-Canadian, Jane Robertson (born 31 March 1925, died 1993). Together they had one daughter, Janet.
Sawkins died of a heart attack on 23 August 2006.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) received £3.5 million as the sole beneficiary of Sawkins' estate following his death. This is the largest legacy ever received by the RSPB.
Work
His first book, Snow on High Ground, was written under his own name in 1966. Two more books in the Snow series were also published under his own name. Over the next few years Sawkins experimented with books under three pseudonyms: Richard Raine, Colin Forbes, and Jay Bernard (though the latter is not to be confused with the UK poet). Tramp in Armour was the first book published as Colin Forbes, in 1969. All subsequent books, apart from The Burning Fuse and The Heavens Above Us (only published in German, as In letzter Minute), he wrote as Forbes.
Sawkins later distanced himself from his early books, choosing to refer to Tramp in Armour as his first novel.Sawkins was often quoted as personally visiting every location he features in his books to aid the authenticity of the writing. As a result, there is detailed description of the places where the action in his books takes place.
A common thread in his later work was the incorporation of climatic conditions, especially fog. His works are also notable for his frequent inclusion of a prologue and epilogue.
One of his manuscripts, The Heavens Above Us, was published only in German, under the title In letzter Minute. The two first releases, in 1979 and 1981, were under the pseudonym Harold English, but in 2002 it was re-released under the Colin Forbes name.Fury (1995) was inspired by the courage of his wife before she died, and he set it apart from his other novels "because of the strong emotion and sense of loss that runs through it".Just one of Forbes's novels was made into a film: Avalanche Express, directed by Mark Robson and starring Lee Marvin and Robert Shaw, which was released in 1979 to generally poor reviews.
His last book, The Savage Gorge, was published posthumously in November 2006.
Bibliography
as Raymond Sawkins
Snow series:
Snow on High Ground (1966)
Snow in Paradise (1967)
Snow Along The Border (1968)
as Richard Raine
David Martini series:
A Wreath for America (1967) (published in the United States as The Corder Index)
Night of the Hawk (1968)
Bombshell (1969)
as Jay Bernard
The Burning Fuse (1970)
as Colin Forbes
Tramp In Armour (1969)
The Heights of Zervos (1970)
The Palermo Ambush (1972)
Target 5 (1973)
The Year of the Golden Ape (1974)
The Stone Leopard (1975)
Avalanche Express (1976)
The Stockholm Syndicate (1981)
Cross of Fire (1992)
Tweed & Co. series:
Double Jeopardy (1982)
Terminal (1984)
Cover Story (1985)
The Janus Man (1987)
Deadlock (1988)
The Greek Key (1989)
Shockwave (1990)
Whirlpool (1991)
Cross of Fire (1992)
By Stealth (1992)
The Power (1994)
Fury (1995)
Precipice (1995)
The Cauldron (1997)
The Sisterhood (1998)
This United State (1998)
Sinister Tide (1999)
Rhinoceros (2000)
The Vorpal Blade (2001)
The Cell (2002)
No Mercy (2003)
Blood Storm (2004)
The Main Chance (2005)
The Savage Gorge (2006). Published posthumously
The Leader and the Damned (1983)
as Harold English
In letzter Minute (English script title: The Heavens Above Us) (1979)
References
External links
Colin Forbes at the Internet Book List
The Times obituary, 24 November 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2010
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Sawkins"
]
}
|
Raymond Harold Sawkins (14 July 1923 – 23 August 2006) was a British novelist, who mainly published under the pseudonym Colin Forbes, but also as Richard Raine, Jay Bernard and Harold English. He published only three of his first books under his own name.
Sawkins wrote over 40 books, mostly as Colin Forbes. He was most famous for his long-running series of thriller novels in which the principal character is Tweed, Deputy Director of the Secret Intelligence Service.
Life
Born in Hampstead, London, Sawkins attended The Lower School of John Lyon in Harrow, London. At the age of 16 he started work as a sub-editor with a magazine and book publishing company. He served with the British Army in North Africa and the Middle East during World War II. Before his demobilisation he was attached to the Army Newspaper Unit in Rome. On his return to civilian life he joined a publishing and printing company, commuting to London for 20 years, until he became successful enough to be a full-time novelist.
Sawkins was married to a Scots-Canadian, Jane Robertson (born 31 March 1925, died 1993). Together they had one daughter, Janet.
Sawkins died of a heart attack on 23 August 2006.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) received £3.5 million as the sole beneficiary of Sawkins' estate following his death. This is the largest legacy ever received by the RSPB.
Work
His first book, Snow on High Ground, was written under his own name in 1966. Two more books in the Snow series were also published under his own name. Over the next few years Sawkins experimented with books under three pseudonyms: Richard Raine, Colin Forbes, and Jay Bernard (though the latter is not to be confused with the UK poet). Tramp in Armour was the first book published as Colin Forbes, in 1969. All subsequent books, apart from The Burning Fuse and The Heavens Above Us (only published in German, as In letzter Minute), he wrote as Forbes.
Sawkins later distanced himself from his early books, choosing to refer to Tramp in Armour as his first novel.Sawkins was often quoted as personally visiting every location he features in his books to aid the authenticity of the writing. As a result, there is detailed description of the places where the action in his books takes place.
A common thread in his later work was the incorporation of climatic conditions, especially fog. His works are also notable for his frequent inclusion of a prologue and epilogue.
One of his manuscripts, The Heavens Above Us, was published only in German, under the title In letzter Minute. The two first releases, in 1979 and 1981, were under the pseudonym Harold English, but in 2002 it was re-released under the Colin Forbes name.Fury (1995) was inspired by the courage of his wife before she died, and he set it apart from his other novels "because of the strong emotion and sense of loss that runs through it".Just one of Forbes's novels was made into a film: Avalanche Express, directed by Mark Robson and starring Lee Marvin and Robert Shaw, which was released in 1979 to generally poor reviews.
His last book, The Savage Gorge, was published posthumously in November 2006.
Bibliography
as Raymond Sawkins
Snow series:
Snow on High Ground (1966)
Snow in Paradise (1967)
Snow Along The Border (1968)
as Richard Raine
David Martini series:
A Wreath for America (1967) (published in the United States as The Corder Index)
Night of the Hawk (1968)
Bombshell (1969)
as Jay Bernard
The Burning Fuse (1970)
as Colin Forbes
Tramp In Armour (1969)
The Heights of Zervos (1970)
The Palermo Ambush (1972)
Target 5 (1973)
The Year of the Golden Ape (1974)
The Stone Leopard (1975)
Avalanche Express (1976)
The Stockholm Syndicate (1981)
Cross of Fire (1992)
Tweed & Co. series:
Double Jeopardy (1982)
Terminal (1984)
Cover Story (1985)
The Janus Man (1987)
Deadlock (1988)
The Greek Key (1989)
Shockwave (1990)
Whirlpool (1991)
Cross of Fire (1992)
By Stealth (1992)
The Power (1994)
Fury (1995)
Precipice (1995)
The Cauldron (1997)
The Sisterhood (1998)
This United State (1998)
Sinister Tide (1999)
Rhinoceros (2000)
The Vorpal Blade (2001)
The Cell (2002)
No Mercy (2003)
Blood Storm (2004)
The Main Chance (2005)
The Savage Gorge (2006). Published posthumously
The Leader and the Damned (1983)
as Harold English
In letzter Minute (English script title: The Heavens Above Us) (1979)
References
External links
Colin Forbes at the Internet Book List
The Times obituary, 24 November 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2010
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Raymond"
]
}
|
Raymond Harold Sawkins (14 July 1923 – 23 August 2006) was a British novelist, who mainly published under the pseudonym Colin Forbes, but also as Richard Raine, Jay Bernard and Harold English. He published only three of his first books under his own name.
Sawkins wrote over 40 books, mostly as Colin Forbes. He was most famous for his long-running series of thriller novels in which the principal character is Tweed, Deputy Director of the Secret Intelligence Service.
Life
Born in Hampstead, London, Sawkins attended The Lower School of John Lyon in Harrow, London. At the age of 16 he started work as a sub-editor with a magazine and book publishing company. He served with the British Army in North Africa and the Middle East during World War II. Before his demobilisation he was attached to the Army Newspaper Unit in Rome. On his return to civilian life he joined a publishing and printing company, commuting to London for 20 years, until he became successful enough to be a full-time novelist.
Sawkins was married to a Scots-Canadian, Jane Robertson (born 31 March 1925, died 1993). Together they had one daughter, Janet.
Sawkins died of a heart attack on 23 August 2006.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) received £3.5 million as the sole beneficiary of Sawkins' estate following his death. This is the largest legacy ever received by the RSPB.
Work
His first book, Snow on High Ground, was written under his own name in 1966. Two more books in the Snow series were also published under his own name. Over the next few years Sawkins experimented with books under three pseudonyms: Richard Raine, Colin Forbes, and Jay Bernard (though the latter is not to be confused with the UK poet). Tramp in Armour was the first book published as Colin Forbes, in 1969. All subsequent books, apart from The Burning Fuse and The Heavens Above Us (only published in German, as In letzter Minute), he wrote as Forbes.
Sawkins later distanced himself from his early books, choosing to refer to Tramp in Armour as his first novel.Sawkins was often quoted as personally visiting every location he features in his books to aid the authenticity of the writing. As a result, there is detailed description of the places where the action in his books takes place.
A common thread in his later work was the incorporation of climatic conditions, especially fog. His works are also notable for his frequent inclusion of a prologue and epilogue.
One of his manuscripts, The Heavens Above Us, was published only in German, under the title In letzter Minute. The two first releases, in 1979 and 1981, were under the pseudonym Harold English, but in 2002 it was re-released under the Colin Forbes name.Fury (1995) was inspired by the courage of his wife before she died, and he set it apart from his other novels "because of the strong emotion and sense of loss that runs through it".Just one of Forbes's novels was made into a film: Avalanche Express, directed by Mark Robson and starring Lee Marvin and Robert Shaw, which was released in 1979 to generally poor reviews.
His last book, The Savage Gorge, was published posthumously in November 2006.
Bibliography
as Raymond Sawkins
Snow series:
Snow on High Ground (1966)
Snow in Paradise (1967)
Snow Along The Border (1968)
as Richard Raine
David Martini series:
A Wreath for America (1967) (published in the United States as The Corder Index)
Night of the Hawk (1968)
Bombshell (1969)
as Jay Bernard
The Burning Fuse (1970)
as Colin Forbes
Tramp In Armour (1969)
The Heights of Zervos (1970)
The Palermo Ambush (1972)
Target 5 (1973)
The Year of the Golden Ape (1974)
The Stone Leopard (1975)
Avalanche Express (1976)
The Stockholm Syndicate (1981)
Cross of Fire (1992)
Tweed & Co. series:
Double Jeopardy (1982)
Terminal (1984)
Cover Story (1985)
The Janus Man (1987)
Deadlock (1988)
The Greek Key (1989)
Shockwave (1990)
Whirlpool (1991)
Cross of Fire (1992)
By Stealth (1992)
The Power (1994)
Fury (1995)
Precipice (1995)
The Cauldron (1997)
The Sisterhood (1998)
This United State (1998)
Sinister Tide (1999)
Rhinoceros (2000)
The Vorpal Blade (2001)
The Cell (2002)
No Mercy (2003)
Blood Storm (2004)
The Main Chance (2005)
The Savage Gorge (2006). Published posthumously
The Leader and the Damned (1983)
as Harold English
In letzter Minute (English script title: The Heavens Above Us) (1979)
References
External links
Colin Forbes at the Internet Book List
The Times obituary, 24 November 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2010
|
pseudonym
|
{
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"Colin Forbes"
]
}
|
Raymond Harold Sawkins (14 July 1923 – 23 August 2006) was a British novelist, who mainly published under the pseudonym Colin Forbes, but also as Richard Raine, Jay Bernard and Harold English. He published only three of his first books under his own name.
Sawkins wrote over 40 books, mostly as Colin Forbes. He was most famous for his long-running series of thriller novels in which the principal character is Tweed, Deputy Director of the Secret Intelligence Service.
Life
Born in Hampstead, London, Sawkins attended The Lower School of John Lyon in Harrow, London. At the age of 16 he started work as a sub-editor with a magazine and book publishing company. He served with the British Army in North Africa and the Middle East during World War II. Before his demobilisation he was attached to the Army Newspaper Unit in Rome. On his return to civilian life he joined a publishing and printing company, commuting to London for 20 years, until he became successful enough to be a full-time novelist.
Sawkins was married to a Scots-Canadian, Jane Robertson (born 31 March 1925, died 1993). Together they had one daughter, Janet.
Sawkins died of a heart attack on 23 August 2006.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) received £3.5 million as the sole beneficiary of Sawkins' estate following his death. This is the largest legacy ever received by the RSPB.
Work
His first book, Snow on High Ground, was written under his own name in 1966. Two more books in the Snow series were also published under his own name. Over the next few years Sawkins experimented with books under three pseudonyms: Richard Raine, Colin Forbes, and Jay Bernard (though the latter is not to be confused with the UK poet). Tramp in Armour was the first book published as Colin Forbes, in 1969. All subsequent books, apart from The Burning Fuse and The Heavens Above Us (only published in German, as In letzter Minute), he wrote as Forbes.
Sawkins later distanced himself from his early books, choosing to refer to Tramp in Armour as his first novel.Sawkins was often quoted as personally visiting every location he features in his books to aid the authenticity of the writing. As a result, there is detailed description of the places where the action in his books takes place.
A common thread in his later work was the incorporation of climatic conditions, especially fog. His works are also notable for his frequent inclusion of a prologue and epilogue.
One of his manuscripts, The Heavens Above Us, was published only in German, under the title In letzter Minute. The two first releases, in 1979 and 1981, were under the pseudonym Harold English, but in 2002 it was re-released under the Colin Forbes name.Fury (1995) was inspired by the courage of his wife before she died, and he set it apart from his other novels "because of the strong emotion and sense of loss that runs through it".Just one of Forbes's novels was made into a film: Avalanche Express, directed by Mark Robson and starring Lee Marvin and Robert Shaw, which was released in 1979 to generally poor reviews.
His last book, The Savage Gorge, was published posthumously in November 2006.
Bibliography
as Raymond Sawkins
Snow series:
Snow on High Ground (1966)
Snow in Paradise (1967)
Snow Along The Border (1968)
as Richard Raine
David Martini series:
A Wreath for America (1967) (published in the United States as The Corder Index)
Night of the Hawk (1968)
Bombshell (1969)
as Jay Bernard
The Burning Fuse (1970)
as Colin Forbes
Tramp In Armour (1969)
The Heights of Zervos (1970)
The Palermo Ambush (1972)
Target 5 (1973)
The Year of the Golden Ape (1974)
The Stone Leopard (1975)
Avalanche Express (1976)
The Stockholm Syndicate (1981)
Cross of Fire (1992)
Tweed & Co. series:
Double Jeopardy (1982)
Terminal (1984)
Cover Story (1985)
The Janus Man (1987)
Deadlock (1988)
The Greek Key (1989)
Shockwave (1990)
Whirlpool (1991)
Cross of Fire (1992)
By Stealth (1992)
The Power (1994)
Fury (1995)
Precipice (1995)
The Cauldron (1997)
The Sisterhood (1998)
This United State (1998)
Sinister Tide (1999)
Rhinoceros (2000)
The Vorpal Blade (2001)
The Cell (2002)
No Mercy (2003)
Blood Storm (2004)
The Main Chance (2005)
The Savage Gorge (2006). Published posthumously
The Leader and the Damned (1983)
as Harold English
In letzter Minute (English script title: The Heavens Above Us) (1979)
References
External links
Colin Forbes at the Internet Book List
The Times obituary, 24 November 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2010
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
184
],
"text": [
"English"
]
}
|
Xiao Xiaolin (Chinese: 肖晓琳; pinyin: Xiāo Xiǎolín, August 1956 or 1962 – June 28, 2017) was a TV host and anchorwoman in mainland China and a native of Changsha, Hunan.
Biography
After graduating from the Beijing Broadcasting Institute (now the Communication University of China) in 1981, she went to Changsha TV Station (now Hunan Media Group).
In 1988, she was officially transferred to China Central Television as the anchor. During the period, she hosted the "Xinwen Lianbo", "Focus Report", "Legal Report" and so on.
She were officially retired until February 2017.
On June 28, 2017 (speculative date), she died of rectal cancer in Logan, Utah, USA.
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"Changsha"
]
}
|
Xiao Xiaolin (Chinese: 肖晓琳; pinyin: Xiāo Xiǎolín, August 1956 or 1962 – June 28, 2017) was a TV host and anchorwoman in mainland China and a native of Changsha, Hunan.
Biography
After graduating from the Beijing Broadcasting Institute (now the Communication University of China) in 1981, she went to Changsha TV Station (now Hunan Media Group).
In 1988, she was officially transferred to China Central Television as the anchor. During the period, she hosted the "Xinwen Lianbo", "Focus Report", "Legal Report" and so on.
She were officially retired until February 2017.
On June 28, 2017 (speculative date), she died of rectal cancer in Logan, Utah, USA.
== References ==
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"Communication University of China"
]
}
|
Xiao Xiaolin (Chinese: 肖晓琳; pinyin: Xiāo Xiǎolín, August 1956 or 1962 – June 28, 2017) was a TV host and anchorwoman in mainland China and a native of Changsha, Hunan.
Biography
After graduating from the Beijing Broadcasting Institute (now the Communication University of China) in 1981, she went to Changsha TV Station (now Hunan Media Group).
In 1988, she was officially transferred to China Central Television as the anchor. During the period, she hosted the "Xinwen Lianbo", "Focus Report", "Legal Report" and so on.
She were officially retired until February 2017.
On June 28, 2017 (speculative date), she died of rectal cancer in Logan, Utah, USA.
== References ==
|
employer
|
{
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"China Central Television"
]
}
|
Xiao Xiaolin (Chinese: 肖晓琳; pinyin: Xiāo Xiǎolín, August 1956 or 1962 – June 28, 2017) was a TV host and anchorwoman in mainland China and a native of Changsha, Hunan.
Biography
After graduating from the Beijing Broadcasting Institute (now the Communication University of China) in 1981, she went to Changsha TV Station (now Hunan Media Group).
In 1988, she was officially transferred to China Central Television as the anchor. During the period, she hosted the "Xinwen Lianbo", "Focus Report", "Legal Report" and so on.
She were officially retired until February 2017.
On June 28, 2017 (speculative date), she died of rectal cancer in Logan, Utah, USA.
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Xiao"
]
}
|
Xiao Xiaolin (Chinese: 肖晓琳; pinyin: Xiāo Xiǎolín, August 1956 or 1962 – June 28, 2017) was a TV host and anchorwoman in mainland China and a native of Changsha, Hunan.
Biography
After graduating from the Beijing Broadcasting Institute (now the Communication University of China) in 1981, she went to Changsha TV Station (now Hunan Media Group).
In 1988, she was officially transferred to China Central Television as the anchor. During the period, she hosted the "Xinwen Lianbo", "Focus Report", "Legal Report" and so on.
She were officially retired until February 2017.
On June 28, 2017 (speculative date), she died of rectal cancer in Logan, Utah, USA.
== References ==
|
name in native language
|
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"肖晓琳"
]
}
|
Dahi chutney is strained dahi that is mixed into a chutney of mint and onions, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is popular in South India and is a side dish along with mirchi ka salan for the popular Hyderabadi biryani.
Ingredients
The traditional ingredients are dahi, onions, tomatoes, mint leaves, coriander, chilli peppers, and salt to taste.
Preparations
There are multiple ways to prepare the side dish. Mint, coriander, and a chilli pepper is cut and mixed into yogurt which is then blended in a blender for a minute. Another way is to simply mix diced onions with salt and coriander into a bowl of fresh yogurt and serve as is.
Perugu pachadi
Perugu pachadi is Southern Indian regional variant of curd chutney. It is also a yogurt-based dip that includes vegetables such as tomato, cucumbers, squash, mango, bitter gourd either raw or cooked.This variety is popular in coastal Andhra Pradesh. In Northern India, it would be called raita.Varieties include:
Tomato perugu pachadi
Snake gourd peguru pachadi
Coconut Perugu Pachadi
Okra Perugu Pachadi
See also
Kadhi
List of chutneys
List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages
Raita
References
Further reading
"Sorakaya Perugu Pachadi - Bottle Gourd Raita". 3 October 2014.
"Snake Gourd Perugu Pachadi Recipe". 30 December 2013.
|
subclass of
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"chutney"
]
}
|
Dahi chutney is strained dahi that is mixed into a chutney of mint and onions, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is popular in South India and is a side dish along with mirchi ka salan for the popular Hyderabadi biryani.
Ingredients
The traditional ingredients are dahi, onions, tomatoes, mint leaves, coriander, chilli peppers, and salt to taste.
Preparations
There are multiple ways to prepare the side dish. Mint, coriander, and a chilli pepper is cut and mixed into yogurt which is then blended in a blender for a minute. Another way is to simply mix diced onions with salt and coriander into a bowl of fresh yogurt and serve as is.
Perugu pachadi
Perugu pachadi is Southern Indian regional variant of curd chutney. It is also a yogurt-based dip that includes vegetables such as tomato, cucumbers, squash, mango, bitter gourd either raw or cooked.This variety is popular in coastal Andhra Pradesh. In Northern India, it would be called raita.Varieties include:
Tomato perugu pachadi
Snake gourd peguru pachadi
Coconut Perugu Pachadi
Okra Perugu Pachadi
See also
Kadhi
List of chutneys
List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages
Raita
References
Further reading
"Sorakaya Perugu Pachadi - Bottle Gourd Raita". 3 October 2014.
"Snake Gourd Perugu Pachadi Recipe". 30 December 2013.
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dahi chutney"
]
}
|
Dahi chutney is strained dahi that is mixed into a chutney of mint and onions, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is popular in South India and is a side dish along with mirchi ka salan for the popular Hyderabadi biryani.
Ingredients
The traditional ingredients are dahi, onions, tomatoes, mint leaves, coriander, chilli peppers, and salt to taste.
Preparations
There are multiple ways to prepare the side dish. Mint, coriander, and a chilli pepper is cut and mixed into yogurt which is then blended in a blender for a minute. Another way is to simply mix diced onions with salt and coriander into a bowl of fresh yogurt and serve as is.
Perugu pachadi
Perugu pachadi is Southern Indian regional variant of curd chutney. It is also a yogurt-based dip that includes vegetables such as tomato, cucumbers, squash, mango, bitter gourd either raw or cooked.This variety is popular in coastal Andhra Pradesh. In Northern India, it would be called raita.Varieties include:
Tomato perugu pachadi
Snake gourd peguru pachadi
Coconut Perugu Pachadi
Okra Perugu Pachadi
See also
Kadhi
List of chutneys
List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages
Raita
References
Further reading
"Sorakaya Perugu Pachadi - Bottle Gourd Raita". 3 October 2014.
"Snake Gourd Perugu Pachadi Recipe". 30 December 2013.
|
country of origin
|
{
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"India"
]
}
|
Dahi chutney is strained dahi that is mixed into a chutney of mint and onions, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is popular in South India and is a side dish along with mirchi ka salan for the popular Hyderabadi biryani.
Ingredients
The traditional ingredients are dahi, onions, tomatoes, mint leaves, coriander, chilli peppers, and salt to taste.
Preparations
There are multiple ways to prepare the side dish. Mint, coriander, and a chilli pepper is cut and mixed into yogurt which is then blended in a blender for a minute. Another way is to simply mix diced onions with salt and coriander into a bowl of fresh yogurt and serve as is.
Perugu pachadi
Perugu pachadi is Southern Indian regional variant of curd chutney. It is also a yogurt-based dip that includes vegetables such as tomato, cucumbers, squash, mango, bitter gourd either raw or cooked.This variety is popular in coastal Andhra Pradesh. In Northern India, it would be called raita.Varieties include:
Tomato perugu pachadi
Snake gourd peguru pachadi
Coconut Perugu Pachadi
Okra Perugu Pachadi
See also
Kadhi
List of chutneys
List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages
Raita
References
Further reading
"Sorakaya Perugu Pachadi - Bottle Gourd Raita". 3 October 2014.
"Snake Gourd Perugu Pachadi Recipe". 30 December 2013.
|
has part(s)
|
{
"answer_start": [
483
],
"text": [
"yogurt"
]
}
|
Mark Kwok may refer to:
Mark Kwok (actor) (born 1963)
Mark Kwok (swimmer) (born 1977)
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
36
],
"text": [
"actor"
]
}
|
Mark Kwok may refer to:
Mark Kwok (actor) (born 1963)
Mark Kwok (swimmer) (born 1977)
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Mark"
]
}
|
Tulipa systola, the desert tulip, is a species of tulip native to the Middle East; Sinai, the Levant, Anatolia, Iraq and Iran. A geophyte adapted to arid conditions, it can remain dormant or produce only leaves in bad years based on environmental cues.
== References ==
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Tulipa systola, the desert tulip, is a species of tulip native to the Middle East; Sinai, the Levant, Anatolia, Iraq and Iran. A geophyte adapted to arid conditions, it can remain dormant or produce only leaves in bad years based on environmental cues.
== References ==
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tulip"
]
}
|
Tulipa systola, the desert tulip, is a species of tulip native to the Middle East; Sinai, the Levant, Anatolia, Iraq and Iran. A geophyte adapted to arid conditions, it can remain dormant or produce only leaves in bad years based on environmental cues.
== References ==
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tulipa systola"
]
}
|
Tulipa systola, the desert tulip, is a species of tulip native to the Middle East; Sinai, the Levant, Anatolia, Iraq and Iran. A geophyte adapted to arid conditions, it can remain dormant or produce only leaves in bad years based on environmental cues.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tulipa systola"
]
}
|
Tulipa systola, the desert tulip, is a species of tulip native to the Middle East; Sinai, the Levant, Anatolia, Iraq and Iran. A geophyte adapted to arid conditions, it can remain dormant or produce only leaves in bad years based on environmental cues.
== References ==
|
Commons gallery
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tulipa systola"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
place of birth
|
{
"answer_start": [
608
],
"text": [
"Yerevan"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"Armenia"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
1613
],
"text": [
"human"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
place of burial
|
{
"answer_start": [
2672
],
"text": [
"Yerablur"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Armen"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"Armenian"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
name in native language
|
{
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան"
]
}
|
Armen Levoni Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Հովհաննիսյան; June 30, 1994 – January 20, 2014) was a junior sergeant in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage for noticing the intrusion of Azerbaijani subversive groups into the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and organizing appropriate measures to move the enemy back to their starting positions.
Biography
Armen Hovhannisyan was born on June 30, 1994. He was named after his uncle, who died at age 18. Armen was one of four children in the family, and was the only son.
He graduated from Yerevan Basic School #141 named after Grigor Baghyan in Yerevan. Before being recruited, he studied at the State College of Culture and intended to continue his education as an operator. Armen was a sculptor and worked in a furniture workshop.
Death
According to Armenian accounts, on January 19 and January 20, 2014, between 23:50 and 00:15, Azerbaijani subversive groups made simultaneous attempts at intrusion on the north-eastern (Jraberd) and south-eastern (Qorqan) portions of the NKR-Azerbaijani border line.
Azerbaijani saboteurs attacked in a large group of about 30 soldiers. However, Armen Hovhannisyan noticed them, warned his companions, and mounted a defense. Though badly wounded, he did not retreat but continued his defense. His actions allowed Armenian subunits of about nine soldiers to push the enemy back and inflict serious casualties.
Vanguard subunits of NKR forces, identifying the activities of the Azerbaijani subversive group, mounted an organized defense, inflicted serious human and material damage, and pushed the enemy back to their original positions. Armen Hovhannisyan, wounded during the skirmish by an Azerbaijani bullet at a northeastern post, died during the military mission.
He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage by order of NKR president Bako Sahakyan. He is the youngest soldier ever granted this medal.
After his death, roughly thirty Azerbaijani web sites were attacked by the Armenian Cyber Army which placed a photo of the heroic Armenian soldier, accompanied by Armenian patriotic songs and the following message: “Armenian Cyber Army; in memoriam of Armen Hovhannisyan”.The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence denied any involvement in Hovhannisyan's death and claimed he died as a result of internal conflicts within the Armenian army. The Ministry also claimed that on the night of the 19th and 20 January, there were no incidents on the front lines, and specifically denied that the Azerbaijani armed forces had suffered any losses.
Funeral ceremony
On January 22 Armen Hovhannisyan was buried in the Yerablur Military Pantheon following military practice. Funeral ceremonies were held in front of St. Vardanants Church. The Medal of Courage was presented to Armen's father, Levon Hovhannisyan. Minister of Defense Seyran Ohanyan, MD officials, freedom fighters, politicians, and representatives of intelligence agencies were present at the ceremony.Candle-lighting and funeral ceremonies were organized in Yerevan, Gyumri, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in his memory. A number of citizens honoured him by lighting candles in front of his house. Young people and passersby honoured his memory with a moment of silence on Northern Avenue. Later, a picture of Armen Hovhannisyan was brought into the square and candles were lit around it. A similar ceremony was also held in the Park of Cross-stones in Gyumri. At the same time as Armen Hovhannisyan was being buried in Yerablur Military Pantheon, a funeral ceremony was held in St. Jacob Church of Stepanakert with NKR president Bako Sahakyan, high-ranking officials, soldiers, and ordinary citizens in attendance.
See also
Azerbaijani diversion threatens peaceful conflict resolution: Vice Parliament Speaker
[1]
== References ==
|
place of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
608
],
"text": [
"Yerevan"
]
}
|
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