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Chance M R A Attention structures as the basis of primate rank orders
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Man
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Dovidio J F Ellyson S L Keating C F Heltman K Brown C E The
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relationship of social power to visual displays of dominance between men and women
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Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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Dovido at al The relationship of social power to visual displays of dominance
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Nagasawa M Mitsui S En S Ohtani N Ohta M Sakuma Y Onaka T Mogi K
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Kikusui T Oxytocingaze positive loop and the coevolution of humandog bonds
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Science
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Tehovnik E J Slocum W M Carvey C E Schiller P H Phosphene induction
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and the generation of saccadic eye movements by striate cortex Journal of Neurophysiology
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Baguley D McFerran D Hall D Tinnitus The Lancet
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Chapter Recognize Muscular Tension
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and Dormancy
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You translate everything whether physical or mental or spiritual into muscular tension
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F M Alexander
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Suppose youre interacting with an abusive boss Without realizing it you hold some part of your body still in order
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to manage your behavior during the confrontation Tension in your jaw throat or shoulders keeps you from lashing
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out and losing your job Tension in your hips or feet keeps you from storming out of the room Similar tensions may
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arise when you deal with a relatives expectations of you or during a disagreement with a friend
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Mary Bond b
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This chapter discusses a form of trauma that transforms muscles on a cellular scale repetitive
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strain The first half of the chapter introduces the concepts of bracing and persistent muscular
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tension and explains how to recognize them in your own body The second half dives into the
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social and emotional aspects of muscle tension laying out the relationships between longterm
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strain pain breathing and submissiveness Exercises are offered throughout to aid you in
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recovering from your bodily tension
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Recognizing Excessive Muscular Tone
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It can be difficult to recognize the physical sensations of muscular strain We become so
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accustomed to the pain and discomfort that they become effectively imperceptible the same
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way we stop noticing unpleasant smells It often takes a significant shift for us to notice how
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our bodies really feel This happened to me after strained my shoulder skateboarding After
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the accident a doctor prescribed me a dozen pills of meloxicam a nonsteroidal anti
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inflammatory drug NSAID with analgesic effects After my first dose spent a few hours trying
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to analyze the effects of the drug My muscles felt looser and this quickly put me to sleep
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woke up in the middle of the night to feel my hamstrings burning intensely but they had
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not been stretched or exercised recently in any unusual way It took me a few minutes to
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realize that this pain was their normal baseline condition The strain had simply been unmasked
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by the NSAID drug had become utterly accustomed to the fact that this tension went to bed
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with me every night quickly realized that the problem was widespread My hamstrings were
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chronically strained from overzealous exercise but so were my hips lower back shoulders and
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neck That night as focused on gradually relaxing these body parts began to realize just how
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much had been clenching them in a bizarre contorted way
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This experience made me think of a lesson that my mother taught me In my twenties
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developed a condition called plantar fasciitis that causes pain in the soles of the feet She
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shared the method that she used to cure her plantar fasciitis saying something along these
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lines Jared its a medical disorder but it comes from tension You must be curling your feet
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into fists at night Right now you are unconscious of this tendency but it is possible to create
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awareness Each evening before you go to bed focus on the sensations in your feet and tell
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yourself that you plan to let the tension release and remain released as you sleep Dont allow
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your feet to remain clenched all night had painful plantar fasciitis for a full year yet after two
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nights of following her instructions meditating closely on the sensations of tension the pain in
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PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
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my feet was gone Right there lying in bed saw the connection and realized that this same
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lesson applied not only to my heels but to my hamstrings my heartache my headache
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and my whole body
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Tone Hypertonia and Hypotonia
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Muscle tone also referred to as residual muscle tension or tonus is a continuous and passive
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partial contraction found in all skeletal muscles It is often conceptualized as the muscles
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resistance to passive stretching during a resting state Muscles receive continuous innervation
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from the nervous system ensuring that even in rest they remain in a semiactive default state
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Thus there is no complete rest in living muscle tissue
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Both extensor and flexor muscles are constantly kept activated which helps us maintain
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muscle readiness For instance your bicep a flexor and triceps an extensor are both always
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in a state of partial contraction They complement and support each other no matter how
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much you try to relax them Muscles on opposite sides of a joint contract in unison to stabilize
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the joint This kind of antagonism occurs all over the body It is beneficial and necessary
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Muscle tone is normal but it can become too intense under certain conditions and begin to
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cause harm Excessive tone is referred to as persistent muscle tension muscle spasticity or
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hypertonia Hypertonic muscles can be found in crucial places throughout our bodies and are
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sources of chronic pain stiffness and premature frailty for every adult on the planet
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The cause of excessive muscular tone and the accompanying pain we experience is
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multifactorial Hypertonia can be exacerbated by bad habits wear and tear genetic risk factors
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and injuries such as car accidents and falls However most of the preventable muscular pain
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that we suffer is derived from a lowenergy injury to the tissues known as repetitive strain A
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repetitive strain injury is caused by repetitious tasks or by sustained awkward positions Almost
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any job profession or chore you can imagine involves monotonous contractions through which
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muscles are subject to continuous or nearcontinuous strain While repetitive strain may occur
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intermittently its effects build up over years resulting in chronic conditions
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Longstanding instances of muscular tension develop pathways in the nervous system that
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reinforce and perpetuate them Simultaneously an array of cellular changes takes place within
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muscle cells themselves forcing them to contract permanently forfeiting strength and
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flexibility By becoming accustomed to such burdens we force ourselves to carry them
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unknowingly This is how we come to feel the weight of the world on our shoulders We are all
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hauling an invisible intangible load forcing dozens of muscles throughout our body to push and
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pull against absolutely nothing
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Refrain from Muscular Bracing
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Excessive tension in any posture is called muscular bracing and it is pervasive We brace
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muscles all over our bodies every day Squinting and the raising and lowering of the brow
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discussed in Chapter are also forms of bracing Mostly we brace as a reflexive response to
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things that make us worried or uncomfortable Due to the false sense of security it can afford
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some researchers have termed it muscular armoring Bracing is intended to prepare us to
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quickly initiate offensive or defensive movements as when we protect the neck by keeping the
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shoulders raised Small amounts of temporary bracing are healthy and can be helpful during
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rough and tumble play contact sports falls or collisions Unnecessary bracing however
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Chapter Recognize Muscular Tension Dormancy
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keeps the body on guard and rigid Thus when you need to move you are forced to
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overcome your own resistance forfeiting grace and coordination
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Keeping our muscles tense makes us feel in control but is a dysfunctional coping tactic
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People generalize bracing from physical challenges to intellectual and social ones This is why
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