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kidney stone formation causes | There are many potential causes of kidney stone formation. In general they are the result of a super concentration of chemicals in the urine that results in crystals being formed. This may be brought on by one or more of the following: | Stones may be located in: 1 Kidney - Nephrolithiasis (Stone formation in the kidney). 2 Ureters - Ureterolithiasis (Stones in the ureters. Ureters are the tubes that propel urine from the kidney to the bladder). 3 Bladder - Cystolithiasis (Stone formation in the urinary bladder). | eng_Latn | 12,100 |
what kind of device is a nephrostomy tube | Nephrostomy Tube Care. A nephrostomy tube is a drainage tube placed into the kidney to drain urine directly from the kidney. The word nephrostomy comes from two Latin root words for kidney (nephr) and new opening (stomy). | A percutaneous (per-ku-TA-ne-us) nephrostomy (ne-FROS-to-me) tube is a catheter (plastic tube) that is inserted through your skin into your kidney. The nephrostomy tube is placed to drain urine from your body into a collecting bag outside your body. | eng_Latn | 12,101 |
what is the microanatomy of the nephron | The nephron is the basic structural unit of the kidney. It is a tubule that consists of different regions which handle the glomerular filtrate conserving valuable salts, water, proteins. Each region is a simple epithelium that is specialized to handle the unique functions. It begins with the PROXMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE.ove into the medulla and find the tubules there. You should be able to distinguish the VASA RECTA by their content of blood cells. Also, the thin limbs and the thicker limbs of the LOOP of HENLE can be seen. Finally, the COLLECTING TUBULES are cuboidal and columnar. | The nephron (from Greek νεÏÏÏÏ - nephros, meaning kidney) is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone. | eng_Latn | 12,102 |
can bladder stones be removed naturally | Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary. | When bladder stones are too large to break, open surgery is required, which involves making an incision in the bladder to get the stones out. Natural remedies for bladder stones. There are plenty of natural remedies to treat bladder stones that can be prepared right in your own home. Some of the simplest include: | eng_Latn | 12,103 |
what kind of kidney stones are there | Most kidney stones are made of calcium compounds, especially calcium oxalate. Calcium phosphate and other minerals also may be present. Conditions that cause high calcium levels in the body, such as hyperparathyroidism, increase the risk of calcium stones. | Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals. Kidney stones usually originate in your kidneys, but can develop anywhere along your urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Kidney stones are known to be one of the most painful medical conditions. The causes of kidney stones vary according to the type of stone. | eng_Latn | 12,104 |
is there swelling in womens female organs during kidney stones | Feet swelling is one typical sign of kidney disease and kidney failure. Renal disease is the most common cause of swelling in the feet, ankles, legs as well as face, hands, abdomen, etc. In kidney failure, excess water and sodium can not be removed efficiently from the blood.Water and sodium retention can cause swelling in the feet.lood can not flow from the legs back into the heart and this can cause feet swelling. Infections. Swelling of the feet can be a sign of infection. If you are having diabetes and kidney damages, you might have infections in the feet which can cause swelling in the feet. | The hormonal changes for women before the menstrual period also cause retention and may result in ... collects at the lowest part of the body due to gravity and makes your feet and ankles swell. People with high blood pressure frequently have this kind of swelling, according to the American Diabetes ... people with kidney problems, as a loss of protein in the urine can cause feet to ... | eng_Latn | 12,105 |
is stent insertion into the ureter an approved or procedure | Ureteral Stent Placement. Ureteral stent placement is a procedure to open a blocked or narrow ureter. The ureter is the tube that carries urine from your kidney into your bladder. A stent is a thin hollow plastic tube used to hold your ureter open and allow urine to flow. The stent may stay in for several weeks. Informed consent is a legal document that explains the tests, treatments, or procedures that you may need. | A âureteral stentâ or âureteric stentâ is a thin, hollow tube inserted into the ureter. Ureters are thin tube-like-organs which connect kidneys to the urinary bladder, to allow urine flow from the kidney. The stent is longer than the actual ureter and tube-ends are usually coiled. | eng_Latn | 12,106 |
[Emphysematous pyelonephritis. A case medically treated]. | Authors report on a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a woman affected with diabetes and renal failure. In order to avoid chronic dialysis, no nephrectomy was performed and the patient was treated only with drugs. Full recovery was obtained, without worsening of the renal function. | In this paper, a complete thermal characterization (measurement of all static and dynamic thermal parameters) of some selected II–VI binary crystals was carried out. The semiconductors under investigation were grown from the melt by high-pressure/high-temperature-modified Bridgman method. The contact photopyroelectric (PPE) method in back configuration and non-contact infrared lock-in thermography technique were used in order to get the thermal diffusivity of the investigated crystals. The thermal effusivity of the samples was obtained using the PPE technique in the front configuration, together with the thermal wave resonator cavity method. Knowing the values of the thermal effusivity and thermal diffusivity, the remaining two thermal parameters, i.e., thermal conductivity and specific heat were calculated. | eng_Latn | 12,107 |
Would some please tell me what Osmosis ,Active Transport and Diffusion is all about, PLEASE!? | Difusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until they are apread out evenly.\n\nExamples for diffusion: \nThe alveoli are well adapted for diffusion of gases, \nthey have a large surface area\nthey are moist, so gases can dissolve\nthey have thin walls\nand a good blood supply.\n\nThe small intestine is specialised for absorption. \nIt has: \nA thin lining\na good blood supply\na very large surface area.\n\nOsmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.\n\nA partially permeable membrane allows water molecules to pass through, but not solute molecules.\n\nWhen a plant cells are full of water they are turgid.\nThis rigidity or turgour gives the plant support\nCells are able to absorb some substances against a concentration gradient.\n\nActive transport needs energy from respiration. \n\nActive transport....\nNot all sustances pass into cells by diffusion or osmosis. Some substances are absorbed against a concentration gradient. But to do this energy is needed and it comes from respiration. This process is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT.\nExample of active transport are:\nThe uptake of ions by root hair cells from the soil, where they are in very dilute solution;\nthe uptake of sugar molecules into the small intestine;\nthe re-absorbtion of useful ions in the nephrons of the kidneys. | When you open a web page, the information on that page (pictures, sound, text, etc.) are sent from the "Server" to your computer through the internet.\n\nSome pages have lots of information on them ... the Yahoo home page, for example, has pictures and links and text. You'll note also that there are little applications that run a well. These little applications are called scripts.\n\nA script is a part of the web page that works like a little program. Ever noticed how when you move your mouse over the icons in the upper right corner of the Yahoo home page, that they buttons "expand" to show you more choices ?\n\nAll of this information and data must be sent from the Yahoo server to your computer.\n\nThink about it this way ... If I had to send you 20 gallons of water, you could get that 20 gallons a whole lot faster if there is a bigger pipe going into your house ! If I'm trying to send you 2000 gallons of water (like a page full of pictures and stuff) and all you have is a soda-straw sized pipe (i.e. dial-up), then it's gonna take a while ! | eng_Latn | 12,108 |
Kidney stones also frequently complicate gout , affecting between 10 and 40 % of people , and occur due to low urine pH promoting the precipitation of uric acid . | Kidney stones also frequently complicate gout , affecting between 10 and 40 % of people . Kidney stones occur due to low urine pH promoting the crystallization of uric acid . | Specifically , Michael Luby and Charles Rackoff analyzed the Feistel block cipher construction , and proved that if the round function is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom function , with Ki used as the seed , then 3 rounds is sufficient to make the block cipher a pseudorandom permutation , while 4 rounds is sufficient to make it a `` strong '' pseudorandom permutation ( which means that it remains pseudorandom even to an adversary who gets oracle access to its inverse permutation ) . | eng_Latn | 12,109 |
how to stop pain for your kidneys | 1 Take basil juice and honey in equal quantities. 2 Stir it well and consume this to get rid of the problem. 3 Regular intake of this will definitely help to cure the pain in your kidneys by clearing the stones in it. 4 Be sure to follow this process for not less than 4 months to get your desired and permanent results. | Urinate into a strainer (funnel with a fine mesh on the bottom) or glass jar to collect kidney stones. Pain medicine: You may be given medicine to take away or decrease pain. Do not wait until the pain is severe before you take your medicine. | eng_Latn | 12,110 |
does decaf iced tea cause kidney stones | 1 If you like iced tea and you are a stone former, drinking a moderate amount is unlikely to cause you to develop more stones. 2 Based on the available research, it may actually decrease your risk of stones.) If you drink tea with milk, the calcium in the milk binds the oxalate, further reducing the amount of oxalate absorbed. *As discussed previously, this may be different in the approximate 20% of stone formers who have high urinary oxalate as a risk factor; they may be âsuper-absorbersâ. | Confidence votes 5. kidney stones can cause bad bladder damage, urethra damage, and kidney scaring which after a while will cause kidney dysfunction. as side effects go, fever, burning urination, cold sweats, back aches and stomach pain. The urinary tract is the part of the body affected by a kidney stone.idney stones can affect the excretory system by blocking the urinary tract or getting stuck in the ureter or urethra or bladder. If this does occur, insufferable pain follows ⦠. It's kind of like not being able to pee and having to hold it in for a really long time. 4 people found this useful. | eng_Latn | 12,111 |
is a blood vessel associated with the nephron loop | Nephron. o The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It consists of a specialized tubular structure and closely associated blood vessels. Responsible for the formation of urine.o Each kidney contains 1,000,000 nephrons that filter the blood and form urine. The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It consists of a specialized tubular structure and closely associated blood vessels. Responsible for the formation of urine. | Nephron. o The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It consists of a specialized tubular structure and closely associated blood vessels. Responsible for the formation of urine.o Each kidney contains 1,000,000 nephrons that filter the blood and form urine.ephron. o The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It consists of a specialized tubular structure and closely associated blood vessels. Responsible for the formation of urine. | eng_Latn | 12,112 |
why is important to strain urine for stone | Straining the first urine specimen of the morning is important, because a stone may pass into your bladder during the night. Look carefully at the strainer for a kidney stone. It may look like a grain of sand or a small piece of gravel.Any stone you find should be kept dry-do not put it in fluid or urine. kidney stone analysis is done to: 1 Find the chemical makeup of a kidney stone. 2 Guide treatment for a kidney stone. 3 Give information on how to prevent more kidney stones from forming. | General Strain Theory is very important, as it pays attention to the individual level, which strain theory does not. It also provides a very descriptive range of directions for where to research in the future, as well as why individuals may not commit crime s as they grow older or why their reasons may shift. | eng_Latn | 12,113 |
how long for a kidney stone to pass? | According to the American Urological Association, the time to pass stones located in ureters -- tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder -- is an average of 8 days for stones less than 2 mm, 12 days for stones between 2 and 4 mm and 22 days for stones between 4 and 6 mm. | Treatment includes relief of pain, hydration and, if there is concurrent urinary infection, antibiotics. The majority of stones pass spontaneously within 48 hours. However, some stones may not. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the person, prior stone passage, prostate enlargement, pregnancy, and the size of the stone. A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. | eng_Latn | 12,114 |
what is the calculi | Calculus, renal: A stone in the kidney (or lower down in the urinary tract). Also called a kidney stone. The stones themselves are called renal caluli. The word calculus (plural: calculi) is the Latin word for pebble. Renal stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. The development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate. | Staghorn calculi, more commonly called struvite stones or infection stones, are a type of kidney stone. These are hard deposits of minerals formed in the body's kidneys.taghorn calculi are a type of kidney stone. Staghorn calculi are hard deposits of minerals formed in the body's kidneys. | eng_Latn | 12,115 |
what does triple phosphate crystals in urine mean | Description : Common crystals seen even in healthy patients include calcium oxalate, triple phosphate crystals and amorphous phosphates. The crystals shown above are typical triple phosphate crystals, found in feline and canine urine, and are classically described as rectangular coffin lid shape. | They are also called magnesium ammonium phosphate or struvite crystals and are typically found in alkaline urine. In fact the name triple phosphate originates from an old erroneous belief that the phosphate ion was bound to 3 positive ions instead of just magnesium and ammonium. | eng_Latn | 12,116 |
causes for kidney stones | calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone they are caused when there is too much calcium in the urine high amounts of calcium could be a result of an inherited condition called hypercalcuria which leads to large amounts of calcium in urine high levels of vitamin d | kidney stones hard deposits of minerals and acid salts that form inside the kidneys can be very painful several things can cause kidney stones including over concentration of the urine metabolic or genetic disorders and infections | eng_Latn | 12,117 |
the ________ is a reservoir for urine. | centimeters (cm) long and transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Each ureter consists of three layers: ⢠Mucous Membrane â inner coat. ⢠Smooth Muscle â middle coat. ⢠Fibrous Tissue â outer coat. C. Urinary Bladder â the muscular, membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine. | Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. The urinary tract is the bodyâs drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Blood flows through the kidneys, and the kidneys filter out wastes and extra water, making urine. The urine travels down two narrow tubes called the ureters. | eng_Latn | 12,118 |
signs symptoms of kidney stones | In these cases, common symptoms of kidney stones include: 1 persistent ache in the lower back, which is sometimes also felt in the groin â men may have pain in the testicles and scrotum. 2 periods of intense pain in the back or side of your abdomen, or occasionally in your groin, which may last for minutes or hours.n these cases, common symptoms of kidney stones include: 1 persistent ache in the lower back, which is sometimes also felt in the groin â men may have pain in the testicles and scrotum. 2 periods of intense pain in the back or side of your abdomen, or occasionally in your groin, which may last for minutes or hours. | The location and sensation of pain caused by a kidney stone often changes as the stone passes through the urinary tract. Additional symptoms include cloudy, discolored or foul-smelling urine, a persistent need to urinate, scant urine, and fever and chills, notes Mayo Clinic. | eng_Latn | 12,119 |
what does calcium oxalate crystal abnormal few means | Bananas are a low-oxalate food. Kidney stones are small, hard, sharp crystals that can lodge in the kidneys or the ureter, which is the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and are potentially very painful. The most commonly occurring stones are made of calcium combined with either phosphate or oxalate. | Kidney stones can become very damaging when the stone blocks or limits the flow of urine from the kidney. Calcium oxalate crystals and stones occur in the upper urinary tract (the kidneys) and the lower urinary tract (the bladder). This type of stone is usually identifiable by use of an x-ray. | eng_Latn | 12,120 |
what procedure is used to treat kidney stones | Lithotripsy to Treat Kidney Stones. This procedure is most effective for stones in the kidney or upper ureter. Lithrotripsy uses an instrument, machine, or probe to break the stone into tiny particles that can pass naturally. This procedure is not appropriate for patients with very large stones or certain other medical conditions. | What are percutaneous nephrolithotomy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy? These procedures are treatments for kidney stones that are used in patients with large or irregularly shaped kidney stones, people with infections, stones that have not been broken up enough by SWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) or those who are not candidates for another common stone treatment, ureteroscopy. | eng_Latn | 12,121 |
what is secretion in renal system | Tubular secretion occurs from the epithelial cells that line the renal tubules and collecting ducts. It is the tubular secretion of H+ and NH4+ from the blood into the tubular fluid (i.e. urine-which is then excreted from the body via the ureter, bladder, and urethra) that helps to keep blood pH at its normal level. | Tubular secretion. Diagram showing the basic physiologic mechanisms of the kidney and the three steps involved in urine formation. This is a diagram that shows the basic physiologic mechanisms of the kidney and the three steps involved in urine formation, namely filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. | eng_Latn | 12,122 |
is kidney pain always kidney stones | Kidney pain is usually very severe and if caused due to kidney stones are known as colic which indicates its wave like occurrence as opposed to steady pain. Pain due to kidney infection is indicated by pain in flank area. All types of kidney pain are usually accompanied with fever, nausea and vomiting. | Kidney pain is caused by infection, inflammation, injury or enlargement of the kidney, or by conditions that block the flow of urine out of the kidney. Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) and kidney stones are the most common causes of kidney pain.tretching of the capsule around the kidney can cause pain, but many of the conditions that cause kidney enlargement develop gradually without much pain. These conditions include kidney cancer or benign tumors, polycystic kidney disease, and hydronephrosis (enlargement of the ureters, the tubes that drain the bladder). | eng_Latn | 12,123 |
incision of kidney to remove a stone med term | Guide. In percutaneous nephrolithotomy or nephrolithotripsy, the surgeon makes a small incision in your back to remove kidney stones. He or she then puts a hollow tube into your kidney and a probe through the tube. In nephrolithotomy, the surgeon removes the stone through the tube. In nephrolithotripsy, he or she breaks the stone up and then removes the fragments of the stone through the tube. | Surgery may be needed to remove a kidney stone if it. 1 does not pass after a reasonable period of time and causes constant pain. 2 is too large to pass on its own or is caught in a difficult place. 3 blocks the flow of urine. causes an ongoing urinary tract 1 infection. damages kidney tissue or causes constant bleeding. | eng_Latn | 12,124 |
common symptoms of kidney problem | Symptoms of kidney problems. When symptoms do occur, the common signs of kidney problems include feeling nauseous, back pain, frequent urination, dizziness, malaise, swelling feet and hands or face, blood in the urine and high blood pressure. Diagnosis of kidney problems. Since many kidney problems do not have symptoms until the problem has advanced, testing regularly will assist in early diagnosis. Anyone with a family history of kidney problems, diabetes or high blood pressure should get regular blood and urine tests. | Some of the most common signs and symptoms of kidney stones include the following: 1 Sudden, severe pain that comes and goes in intensity. Common areas afflicted include the back, groin, abdomen, side, and genitals. Nausea and vomiting. | eng_Latn | 12,125 |
how big of kidney stone can you pass | Even though 85 percent of kidney stones are small enough to pass during urination, fewer than 50 percent of patients chose this option. A person with a normal-size ureter can usually pass a kidney stone with a diameter less than 5 mm (about 3/16 of an inch) without significant pain or risk of kidney damage. | The smaller the kidney stone, the more likely it will pass on its own. If it is smaller than 5 mm (1/5 inch), there is a 90% chance it will pass without further intervention. If the stone is between 5 mm and 10 mm, the odds are 50%. If a stone is too large to pass on its own, several treatment options are available. | eng_Latn | 12,126 |
what is ureters | Ureters are tube-shaped organs that deliver urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Because the linings of the ureters and the bladder are continuous, it is possible for infection to start in the bladder and ascend into the tubes.he ureters are tube shaped organs whose main function is to deliver urine from the kidneys downward to the urinary bladder. They have a funnel shaped area at the top where they connect to the kidneys called the renal pelvis. | The ureter is a small tube that connects a kidney to a urinary bladder. Humans, along with most other mammals, typically have two ureters, with one coming from each kidney. These ureters run down the back of the abdominal cavity before connecting to the urinary bladder. | eng_Latn | 12,127 |
causes of kidney stones | Kidney stones are caused by high levels of calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus in the urine. These minerals are normally found in urine and do not cause problems at low levels. Certain foods may increase the chances of having a kidney stone in people who are more likely to develop them. | 1 When you don't drink enough water, the salts, minerals, and other substances in the urine can stick together and form a stone. This is the most common cause of kidney stones. Medical conditions. Many medical conditions can affect the normal balance and cause stones to form. | eng_Latn | 12,128 |
what is the structure of the ureter | In human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually 25â30 cm (10â12 in) long and ~3â4 mm in diameter.n human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually 25â30 cm (10â12 in) long and ~3â4 mm in diameter. | Function: It is the tube that carries urine from kidney to the bladder. Structure: It orignates from the base of the kidney and terminates in the base of the bladder. Each kidney has one ureter measuriing from 28 to 34 cm long, the right one is slightly shorter than the left.The diameter varies from 1mm to 1 cm.tructure: It orignates from the base of the kidney and terminates in the base of the bladder. Each kidney has one ureter measuriing from 28 to 34 cm long, the right one is slightly shorter than the left. The diameter varies from 1mm to 1 cm. | eng_Latn | 12,129 |
Treat Kidney Pain | Kidney pain can be due to injury, infection, stones, or inflammation in your kidney. Often this feels like a dull ache in your upper back or side, usually on only one side of your body. | Do you have horrible menstrual cramps? This wikiHow will give you lots of tips on how to get rid of cramps short-term and long-term. | eng_Latn | 12,130 |
is potassium good for kidney stones | potassium citrate. Uses. This medication is used to make the urine less acidic. This effect helps the kidneys get rid of uric acid, thereby helping to prevent gout and kidney stones. This medication can also prevent and treat certain metabolic problems (acidosis) caused by kidney disease. Citric acid and citrate salts (which contain potassium and sodium) belong to a class of drugs known as urinary alkalinizers. | Minerals Important for Good Kidney Function. Potassium is a very important mineral used in the kidneys. It is a mineral that helps with fluid control in the body, which your kidneys play a big role in when it comes to elimination of fluid. Phosphorus is another mineral important in kidney function. These minerals help to keep the kidneys functioning in the way of fluid control. They are what is known as electrolytes. If the kidneys do not get their electrolytes, they cannot help control fluid levels in the body. | eng_Latn | 12,131 |
what type of potassium does a doctor give | What is potassium citrate? Potassium is a mineral that is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart. Potassium citrate is used to treat a kidney stone condition called renal tubular acidosis. | What Is Potassium? Potassium is a mineral that, among other things, helps muscles contract, helps regulate fluids and mineral balance in and out of body cells, and helps maintain normal blood pressure by blunting the effect of sodium. Potassium also may reduce the risk of recurrent kidney stones and bone loss as we age. | eng_Latn | 12,132 |
do sponges drain water in minecraft | A sponge can be used to turn water into air (it absorbs the water). To place a sponge, use a sponge item while pointing at a surface facing the space the sponge should occupy. | Sponges donât have internal organs. They donât have muscles, a nervous system, or a circulatory system. Their walls are lined with many small pores called ostia that allow water flow into the sponge. The structure of a sponge is simple. | eng_Latn | 12,133 |
does anyone know an easy way to tell if a solution is a colloid or a crystaloid? | By looking at it. A colloid has pieces that are large that will not mix in. A crystalloid has small pieces that will normall dissolve. Colloids are typically with liquids, and crystalloids, solids. | This is something you learn best through hands-on... but here's a couple of sites to help you. For most simple equipment like magnifying glasses or balance scales, use the package insert for details.\n\nhttp://www.ekcsk12.org/science/lelab/microscopeuselab.htm\n\nhttp://www.mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/science/safety/safety.html | eng_Latn | 12,134 |
what does crystal lattice mean | Also called Bravais lattice, crystal lattice, space lattice. Crystallography. an arrangement in space of isolated points (lattice points) in a regular pattern, showing the positions of atoms, molecules, or ions in the structure of a crystal. 5. Mathematics. | The discipline of crystallography has developed a descriptive terminology which is applied to crystals and crystal features in order to describe their structure, symmetry, and shape. This terminology defines the crystal lattice which provides a mineral with its ordered internal structure. | eng_Latn | 12,135 |
what does is mean when a proton is hydrated | Please read the two papers below and they will better explain to you the structure of the hydrated proton in liquid water. The hydrated proton is actually an electron âdefectâ or âholeâ in the liquid. | Report Abuse. A hydrated crystal is a crystal that contains water as part of its chemical formula and structure. It may or may not absorb water vapor from the atmosphere. A crystal that is hygroscopic is one that absorbs water vapor from the atmosphere.eport Abuse. A hydrated crystal is a crystal that contains water as part of its chemical formula and structure. It may or may not absorb water vapor from the atmosphere. A crystal that is hygroscopic is one that absorbs water vapor from the atmosphere. | eng_Latn | 12,136 |
what makes crystals form in ear | Ear crystals (otolith or otoconia) are tiny calcium carbonate/calcite crystals embedded in the gelatinous otolithic membrane in the inner ear.The otolithic organs (the utricle and the saccule) are what enables you to discern which way is up even when your eyes are closed.ar crystals (otolith or otoconia) are tiny calcium carbonate/calcite crystals embedded in the gelatinous otolithic membrane in the inner ear. | The process of crystal forming is called crystallization. Crystals often form in nature when liquids cool and start to harden. Certain molecules in the liquid gather together as they attempt to become stable. They do this in a uniform and repeating pattern that forms the crystal. In nature, crystals can form when liquid rock, called magma, cools. If it cools slowly, then crystals may form. Many valuable crystals such as diamonds, rubies, and emeralds form this way. Another way crystals form is when water evaporates from a mixture. Salt crystals often form as salt water evaporates. What unique properties do crystals have? Crystals can have very flat surfaces called facets. They can form geometric shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and squares. The shapes are a direct result of the type of molecules and atoms that make up the crystal. Smaller crystals and larger crystals that were formed of the same molecules and in the same method should have similar shapes. | eng_Latn | 12,137 |
what are the electrolytes | An electrolyte disorder occurs when the levels of electrolytes in your body are either too high or too low. Electrolytes are naturally occurring elements and compounds in the body. They control important physiologic functions. Examples of electrolytes include: calcium; chloride; magnesium; phosphate; potassium; sodium | Skills to develop. 1 Identify what are electrolytes. 2 Distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes. 3 Explain what happens when electrolytes dissolve in water. Give the equilibrium constant expression for 1 ionizaton. Explain ion product of water, autoionization of water, and 2 pH. Calculate ionization percentage of weak electrolytes. | eng_Latn | 12,138 |
types of electrolytes in body fluids | Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They are in your blood, urine and body fluids. Maintaining the right balance of electrolytes helps your body's blood chemistry, muscle action and other processes. Sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, phosphate and magnesium are all electrolytes. You get them from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink. | Definition. Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. Electrolytes affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (pH), your muscle function, and other important processes. You lose electrolytes when you sweat. You must replace them by drinking fluids that contain electrolytes. Water does not contain electrolytes. | eng_Latn | 12,139 |
what is a crystallization equation | Crystallization refers to the formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution. It is essentially a solid-liquid separation technique and a very important one at that. Crystals are grown in many shapes, which are dependent upon downstream processing or final product requirements.he salt that will not dissolve will help the first step in crystallization begin. This first step is called nucleation or primary nucleation. The salt resting at the bottom of the pot will provide a site for nucleation to occur. Primary nucleation is the first step in crystallization. | Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some of the ways by which crystals form are through precipitating from a solution, melting, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas. | eng_Latn | 12,140 |
what is a crystalline solid | A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. crystal is a solid where the atoms form a periodic arrangement. (Quasicrystals are an exception, see below .). Not all solids are crystals. For example, when liquid water starts freezing, the phase change begins with small ice crystals that grow until they fuse, forming a polycrystalline structure. | A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. | eng_Latn | 12,141 |
Human arm modeling for analysis/synthesis image coding | Robot Manipulators: Mathematics, Programming, and Control | Improved diagnostic confidence and accuracy of pediatric elbow fractures with digital tomosynthesis | eng_Latn | 12,142 |
DEVICES TO MEASURE TONGUE FORCE-A CRITICAL ANALYSIS | Coordination of Tongue Pressure and Jaw Movement in Mastication | Hybrid Position and Force Control without Force Sensor | yue_Hant | 12,143 |
A Random Walk in Sensors: Recent Advances and Market Opportunities | Multi‐arm robotics: a solution to fast re‐configuration for changing automated tasks | Human-Intent Detection and Physically Interactive Control of a Robot Without Force Sensors | eng_Latn | 12,144 |
A passively safe and gravity-counterbalanced anthropomorphic robot arm | Preliminary design of a whole-arm manipulation system (WAMS) | Full paper Antagonism for a Highly Anthropomorphic Hand–Arm System | eng_Latn | 12,145 |
Hybrid external control for two robot coordinated motion | Robot Contact Language for Manipulation Planning | Hybrid Position and Force Control without Force Sensor | eng_Latn | 12,146 |
Evaluation of an electromagnetic system with haptic feedback for control of untethered, soft grippers affected by disturbances | Intuitive control of self-propelled microjets with haptic feedback | Do Not Turn to the Hypothalamus for Feedback on Stress If You Are Growth Restricted | eng_Latn | 12,147 |
HEXOTRAC: A highly under-actuated hand exoskeleton for finger tracking and force feedback | Bi-Manual Articulated Robot Teleoperation using an External RGB-D Range Sensor | CT45A1 acts as a new proto-oncogene to trigger tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis | eng_Latn | 12,148 |
The future of sensor interface electronics | Interfacing intelligent systems to the natural world: micro-sensors and micro-actuators | Hybrid Position and Force Control without Force Sensor | eng_Latn | 12,149 |
Sticky Hands interaction with an anthropomorphic robot | Got rhythm? Haptic-only lead and follow dancing | Full paper Antagonism for a Highly Anthropomorphic Hand–Arm System | eng_Latn | 12,150 |
On multi-arm manipulation planning | Optimization criterion for safety task transfer in cooperative robotics | An instrumental variable approach finds no associated harm or benefit from early dialysis initiation in the United States | eng_Latn | 12,151 |
Noise Model Analysis for Sensor Arrays | Hand Segmentation for Augmented Reality System | Sensorless vector and direct torque control | kor_Hang | 12,152 |
Teaching-playback of robot manipulator based on human gesture recognition and motion tracking | Robot teaching playback based on machine vision and human hand demonstration | Backstepping control of the Stefan problem with flowing liquid | eng_Latn | 12,153 |
Wearable Robots in Rehabilitation Engineering Tremor Suppression | Development of a Wearable Tremor Suppression Glove | Development of a Wearable Tremor Suppression Glove | eng_Latn | 12,154 |
Pronounced bilateral asymmetry of the complete upper extremity: a case from the early Neolithic Baikal, Siberia | The expression of asymmetry in hand bones from the medieval cemetery at Écija, Spain | Passive bilateral teleoperation of a car-like mobile robot | eng_Latn | 12,155 |
Pre-Grasp Sliding Manipulation of Thin Objects Using Soft, Compliant, or Underactuated Hands | Design and use paradigms for Gazebo, an open-source multi-robot simulator | Mounting evidence against the role of ICC in neurotransmission to smooth muscle in the gut | eng_Latn | 12,156 |
Multi-Link Multi-Contact Force Control for Manipulators | Muscular Effort for the Characterization of Human Postural Behaviors | Hybrid Position and Force Control without Force Sensor | kor_Hang | 12,157 |
Wearable haptic-feedback navigational assistance for people with dementia: Preliminary assessment | Design and fabrication of wearable male-type radio button-shaped vibrotactile actuators | An utter refutation of the ‘Fundamental Theorem of the HapMap’ | eng_Latn | 12,158 |
Design methods and algorithms for configurable capacitive sensor interfaces | Three Dimensional Capacitive Force Sensor for Tactile Applications | Hybrid Position and Force Control without Force Sensor | eng_Latn | 12,159 |
In this paper, we propose a human-safety-oriented design method to realize a safe robot system for human-robot coexistence. We conduct some simulations to identify problems in human-robot collision situations, and point out, based on the human pain tolerance limit which we have clarified, that a robot working next to a human should be covered with a soft material and be equipped with prompt stopping capability. First, we construct a fail-safe robot system with contact sensing and subsequent emergency stop control capabilities using a simple disturbance observer which plays an important role in checking the normal operation of a two-link DD-motor-driven manipulator. Second, we design a soft covering made of a viscoetastic material which achieves both effective impact force attenuation and high contact sensitivity, keeping impact force within the human pain tolerance limit. Finally, we demonstrate actual human-robot collision experiments to show that the contact force generated at collisions was suppressed below the human pain tolerance limit. | Force display systems are a kind of human-coexistent robot systems, which share the space with people while working, and which directly touch and display force-senses to their users. They are expected to have much effects and advantages as means of human interface. On the other hand, they are inherently involved a potential hazard in that they may uncontrollably move and hurt operators. We have proposed that safety of robot systems can be estimated quantitatively and ensured mechanically by using a clutch-type actuator. Moreover, we have developed ER actuators and MR actuators that are a kind of clutch-type actuators. In this study, we successed to develop an MR actuator with low inertia, high responsibility, and high torque/inertia ratio, and to develop a 2-D force display system using the developed MR actuator that can present virtual objects with high rigidity and good operativeness. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,160 |
A Ultrasonic Ranging System for Robot End-Effector Position Measurement. | Position Estimation with Intermittent Measurements | SNARE Function Is Not Involved in Early Endosome Docking | eng_Latn | 12,161 |
Rendering stiffness with a prototype haptic glove actuated by an integrated piezoelectric motor | Comparison of Walking and Traveling-Wave Piezoelectric Motors as Actuators in Kinesthetic Haptic Devices | Inactivation of Cdc13p triggers MEC1-dependent apoptotic signals in yeast. | eng_Latn | 12,162 |
Unsupervised simultaneous learning of gestures, actions and their associations for Human-Robot Interaction | Computational Approaches to Motor Learning by Imitation | Full paper Antagonism for a Highly Anthropomorphic Hand–Arm System | eng_Latn | 12,163 |
Operation assist control system of rotary crane using proposed haptic joystick as man-machine interface | Development of a dual robotic arm system to evaluate intelligent system for advanced construction machinery | Why I have abandoned robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery | eng_Latn | 12,164 |
Implementation of an Intelligent Integrated Detection System Based on Virtual Instrument for Different Missiles | A Virtual Instrument Based Testing System for Micro Gyroscope with Magnetically Levitated Rotor | Human-Intent Detection and Physically Interactive Control of a Robot Without Force Sensors | eng_Latn | 12,165 |
Robot for Carrying Food Trays to the Aged and Disabled | Expert massage motion control by multi-fingered robot hand | Why I have abandoned robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery | eng_Latn | 12,166 |
Shape Control for Experimental Continuation | Bespoke extensional elasticity through helical lattice systems | Vision is superior to touch in shape perception even with equivalent peripheral input | eng_Latn | 12,167 |
Measurement of grasp position by human hands and grasp criterion for two soft-fingered robot hands | A grasp performance criterion for robot hands considering multiple aspects of tasks and hand configurations | Mounting evidence against the role of ICC in neurotransmission to smooth muscle in the gut | eng_Latn | 12,168 |
Grasping Objects Using Shadow DexterousHand with Tactile Feedback | A 3D printed soft gripper integrated with curvature sensor for studying soft grasping | Further evidence of impaired tactile learning after removals of the second somatic sensory projection cortex (SII) in the monkey | kor_Hang | 12,169 |
This paper addresses the design of a novel computer keyboard embedding 64 miniature actuators providing a programmable force feedback in response to human strokes. A specific electromechanical actuator is designed using a global methodology. Then, a parallel strategy is set to efficiently control all the actuators simultaneously. Finally, two prototypes are presented: the haptic pad and the haptic keyboard. In addition, a graphic interface allows the user to define his preferable force profile: whether he prefers tough or soft keys, smooth of rough sensation or even a buckling-spring like feeling. | A single keycap on a standard alphanumeric computer keyboard was instrumented with a piezoelectric load cell and the fingertip motion was recorded with a high-speed video motion analysis system. Contact force histories between the fingertip and the keycap were recorded while four subjects typed a standard text for five minutes. Each keystroke force history is characterized by three distinct phases: (I) keyswitch compression, (II) finger impact and (III) fingertip pulp compression and release. Each keystroke force history contained two relative maxima, one in phase II and one in phase III. The subject mean peak forces ranged from 1.6 to 5.3 N and the subject mean peak fingertip velocities ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 m/s. Motion analyses and force measurements suggest a ballistic model of finger motion during typing. | This paper describes an investigation into the application of an active control strategy for reducing the motion of offshore platforms in waves. The simulated structure is augmented with an active mass damper with a passive component tuned to the natural frequency of the platform. An actuator force under feedback control is used to improve the performance of the device. Simulations with realistic wave loadings are conducted and the performance is compared with that achieved using a passive tuned mass damper. A robust output feedback control strategy is utilized, which includes an extended observer to simultaneously estimate the system states and disturbance force. It is shown that significant performance improvements can be achieved when compared with passive control devices, and that the application is feasible within practical constraints, at least for smaller platforms. | eng_Latn | 12,170 |
Due to the special characteristics of the wheel force transducer (WFT), the traditional methods are hard to acquire the initial values of the WFT precisely and conveniently. Aiming at the problem, two online calculation methods for the initial value are proposed in this paper. The key of these methods is that the two proposed methods convert the problem of solving the initial values to an optimization problem. The two methods do not need any calibration equipments or additional manual operation, just require to drive the vehicle on a relatively flat road at an approximate constant speed for a while or park the vehicle on the relatively flat ground for several times. To find out the factors which influence the performance of the proposed methods, the experiments on the simulating data are carried out. To verify the effect of the presented methods, the experiments on the wheel test bed and dynamic road test are carried out. The experiment results show that the presented two initial value calculation methods can acquire the initial values of the WFT with high accuracy and simple operation. | In-situ sensing the tire–road interactions such as local contact friction force distributions provides crucial information for building accurate friction force models for vehicle safety control. In this paper, we report the development of an embedded, flexible local force sensor for measuring the tire local friction forces and their distributions. A new pressure-sensitive, electric conductive rubber (PSECR) sensor is used and embedded inside the tire rubber layer to extract the multi-dimensional local friction forces on the tire contact patch. The low-cost, flexible PSECR sensor is oriented in certain directions, and is sensitive to multiple compressive forces. To interpret the sensor measurements, we use a beam-spring model for the tire–road interactions to extract the local contact friction forces. The experimental results of stick–slip interaction testing on a motorcycle tire demonstrate the effective and good performance of the PSECR-based tire force sensor. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 12,171 |
IPMC (Ionic Polymer Metal Composite) is a class of electroactive polymers (EAP) that bend when electric field is applied to the material. From our theoretical studies of the material it appears that IPMC can be modelled as a lossy transmission line. From simulations it appears that IPMC reaction time depends on length of the strip used. Also the shorter the transmission line the less complex it is to model. We have also mechanically modeled an IPMC. It appears that the output force does not depend on length on IPMC but on width. Also the shape unpredictability is the larger the longer the strip is. Based on these results the concept of a short IPMC with rigid extension was created. From simulations and experiments it was seen that there exists a certain length of IPMC at which output force and deflection angle remain close to those of a long IPMC while precision increases. Also, the material becomes easier to model and its short-term stability appears to be sufficient to be controlled. A manipulator was built to verify IPMC compatibility as links, tested for accuracy and compared with a long sheet of IPMC. The manipulator appeared to be 314% more accurate and twice as fast compared to the long strip of an IPMC and thus confirming the usability of the described design. | This paper describes a linear dynamic model of an elongated bending Electroactive Polymer (EAP) actuator applicable ::: with deformations of any magnitude. The model formulates relation of a) voltage applied to the EAP sheet, b) current ::: passing through the EAP sheet, c) force applied by the actuator and d) deformation of the actuator. In this model only the ::: geometry of EAP piece and four empirical parameters of the EAP material: a) bending stiffness, b) electromechanical ::: coupling term, c) electrical impedance and d) initial curvature are considered. The contribution of this paper is ::: introducing a model that can be used to characterize the properties of different EAP materials and compare them. The ::: advantage of the model is its simplicity and ability to provide insights in to the behavior of bending EAPs. Additionally, ::: due to linearity of the model, the real-time control is feasible. Experiments, using Ionomeric Polymer-Metal Composite ::: (IPMC) sheet from Environmental Robotics Inc., where carried out to verify the model. The experimental results confirm ::: the model is valid. | Background ::: The Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses is the main approach for treating children in more than 100 low income countries worldwide. In 2007, the World Health Assembly urged countries to integrate ‘better medicines for children’ into their essential medicines lists and treatment guidelines. WHO regularly provides generic algorithms for IMCI and publishes the Model Essential Medicines List with child-friendly medicines based on new evidence for member countries to adopt. However, the status of ‘better medicines for children’ within the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses approach in Uganda has not been studied. | eng_Latn | 12,172 |
Flexible electronic technologies offer the potential for the co-integration of mechanical sensors that measure the state of the flexible surface under actuation or deformation. This format of sensor offers significant opportunities for the instrumentation of existing systems for a range of applications such as touch, measurement of acoustic field, and the detection of deformation modes of a system. Beyond the instrumentation of existing systems, flexible devices can themselves serve as actuators, allowing for sheet-based robotic devices, as well as the development of sensor formats for challenging applications. | This work provides an architecture that incorporates depth and tactile information to create rich and accurate 3D models useful for robotic manipulation tasks. This is accomplished through the use of a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN). Offline, the network is provided with both depth and tactile information and trained to predict the object’s geometry, thus filling in regions of occlusion. At runtime, the network is provided a partial view of an object. Tactile information is acquired to augment the captured depth information. The network can then reason about the object’s geometry by utilizing both the collected tactile and depth information. We demonstrate that even small amounts of additional tactile information can be incredibly helpful in reasoning about object geometry. This is particularly true when information from depth alone fails to produce an accurate geometric prediction. Our method is benchmarked against and outperforms other visual-tactile approaches to general geometric reasoning. We also provide experimental results comparing grasping success with our method. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 12,173 |
Telemanipulated robot-assisted surgical procedures of the retina require precise manipulation of instruments inserted through trocars in the sclera. However, there is not a unique mapping of the motions of the surgeon’s hand to the lower-dimensional motions of the instrument through the trocar, and it is not obvious what method would be best. In this letter, we study operator performance during a precision positioning task reminiscent of telemanipulated retinal surgery on a force-sensing phantom retina with three viable and previously considered options for the haptic-interface kinematics. The haptic-interface kinematics are implemented virtually, in software, on a PHANTOM Premium 6DOF haptic interface. Results from a study with 12 novice human subjects show that overall performance is best with the kinematics that represent a compact and inexpensive option, and that subjects’ subjective preference agrees with the objective performance results. | Reduced dexterity and an unergonomic body posture are two of the shortcomings for the surgeon while performing conventional minimally invasive surgery or vitreo-retinal eye surgery. With a master-µslave system these inconveniences during ophthalmic surgery can be overcome. To gain insight in the requirements for the master device a master/slave setup with 1 degree of freedom and high resolution position and force measurement is realized. The first part of the paper is about the design of this setup. The design of a haptic interface as part of the master device, the preliminary results and future work are discussed in the second part of this paper. | It is proved, by using topological properties, that when a group automorphism of a locally compact totally disconnected group is ergodic under the Haar measure, the group is compact. The result is an answer for Halmos's question that has remained open for the totally disconnected case. | eng_Latn | 12,174 |
This paper proposes a force feedback compliance force lock for biltateral control based on sensor-less sensor Reaction Force Observer (RFOB). The force limit is defined by the operator in advance based on the experience. The force lock protects the object which is in contact with the slave actuator from excessive force imposed by the master operator in bilateral control. A small vibration has been introduced to notify the attainment of the force limit to the master operator. Furthermore, if master operator wishes to increase his applied force, he will experience spring effect. The equilibrium point of virtual spring controller which is continuously copied from the slave force locked position aligns master and slave positions at force lock mode. The loss of reaction force occurs at the transition from bilateral control to force lock and vice versa has been removed to regain system stability and to facilitate comfortable operation for the operator. Releasing logic of force lock can be determined by the operator. The proposed system is validated with experiments and results prove the concept of RFOB based force feedback compliance force lock for bilateral control. | This paper proposes an enhanced force limiting gripper to avoid object deformation when it is in contact with the slave due to excessive forces imposed by the master operator in bilateral control. The force lock protects the gripped object on the slave and the attainment of the force limit is notified to the master operator via a small vibration. Master operator is expected to experience a spring effect if the operator presses his leaver towards the force increasing direction. The continuous copying of the slave position as the reference to the virtual spring controller's spring equilibrium point allows smooth releasing. In addition to vibration the loss of reaction force coming from the slave environment could also be sensed by the master operator. Reversing of the applied force on master handle releases the object attached to the slave. In this proposed system sensor-less sensing is used. Disturbance Observer is used to estimate disturbances and Reaction Force Observer estimates reaction forces. The proposed gripper is having a jaw opening of 0.15 m which has linear 1-DOF. Simulation is conducted using real world linear motor parameters and simulation results prove the applicability of proposed system. | This paper proposes an enhanced force limiting gripper to avoid object deformation when it is in contact with the slave due to excessive forces imposed by the master operator in bilateral control. The force lock protects the gripped object on the slave and the attainment of the force limit is notified to the master operator via a small vibration. Master operator is expected to experience a spring effect if the operator presses his leaver towards the force increasing direction. The continuous copying of the slave position as the reference to the virtual spring controller's spring equilibrium point allows smooth releasing. In addition to vibration the loss of reaction force coming from the slave environment could also be sensed by the master operator. Reversing of the applied force on master handle releases the object attached to the slave. In this proposed system sensor-less sensing is used. Disturbance Observer is used to estimate disturbances and Reaction Force Observer estimates reaction forces. The proposed gripper is having a jaw opening of 0.15 m which has linear 1-DOF. Simulation is conducted using real world linear motor parameters and simulation results prove the applicability of proposed system. | eng_Latn | 12,175 |
This paper describes a marker-based Augmented Reality system for editing tensor-product Bezier surfaces. It uses both a small- scale multi-marker mat and a two-marker wand as its interactive elements. The multi-marker mat establishes a coordinate frame for the display of the surface. Because of its size, it allows the user to rotate and translate the mat physically, even while editing it. The wand is used to select individual control points and edit their 3D position with respect to the surface's coordinate frame. Differentiation between selection and modification is accomplished through a bimodal association of two markers at the end of the wand. The wand's mode is switched by rolling it between the fingers. | We introduce symSpline: a symmetric, dual-mouse technique for the manipulation of spline curves. In symSpline, two cursors control the positions of the ends of the tangent to an edit point. By moving the tangent with both mice, the tangent and the edit point can be translated while the curvature of the spline is adjusted simultaneously, according to the length and angle of the tangent. We compare the symSpline technique to two asymmetric dual-mouse spline manipulation techniques and to a standard single-mouse technique. In a spline matching experiment, symSpline outperformed the two asymmetric dual-mouse techniques and all three dual-mouse techniques proved to be faster than the single-mouse technique. Additionally, symSpline was the technique most preferred by test participants. | A multivariable self-tuning PID (SPID) controller is introduced to robot manipulator control. The control structure is simple, eliminates interactions quite well, and is easy to implement. | eng_Latn | 12,176 |
In previous chapters, human hand and arm kinematics have been analyzed through a synergstic approach and the underlying concepts were used to design robotic systems and devise simplified control algorithms. On the other hand, it is well-known that synergies can be studied also at a muscular level as a coordinated activation of multiple muscles acting as a single unit to generate different movements. As a result, muscular activations, quantified through Electromyography (EMG) signals can be then processed and used as direct inputs to external devices with a large number of DOFs. In this chapter, we present a minimalistic approach based on tele-impedance control, where EMGs from only one pair of antagonistic muscle pair are used to map the users postural and stiffness references to the synergy-driven anthropomorphic robotic hand, described in Chap. 7. In this direction, we first provide an overview of the teleimpedance control concept which forms the basis for the development of the hand controller. Eventually, experimental results evaluate the effectiveness of the teleimpedance control concept in execution of the tasks which require significant dynamics variation or are executed in remote environments with dynamic uncertainties. | Grasping and manipulation skills are at the core of the development of modern robotic systems. With the introduction of robotics in new applications involving unstructured environments (e.g. space, undersea, surgery), intelligent manipulation and grasping has become a crucial research area. The authors have developed an internationally recognized expertise in this area. Additionally, they designed and built several prototypes which attracted the attention of the scientific community. Their work was reported in several publications which appeared in the most renowned journals and conferences. The purpose of this book is to summarize years of research and to present, in an attractive format, the expertise developed by the authors on a new technology for graspingnamely under actuationwhich has achieved great success both in theory and in practice. This book is not intended to be used as a textbook but could be used as a reference at the post-graduate level. | It is proved, by using topological properties, that when a group automorphism of a locally compact totally disconnected group is ergodic under the Haar measure, the group is compact. The result is an answer for Halmos's question that has remained open for the totally disconnected case. | eng_Latn | 12,177 |
Considering the great change on human machine interface between the Control-by-Wire vehicle and traditional ones, this paper tries to analysis and adjust the key characteristics of human-vehicle, such as the H-point, eye ellipse, head enveloping line and accessible area and then construct the human characteristics database focusing on the Control-by-Wire vehicle control system. This paper also realizes the new interface layout and verification of Control-by-Wire vehicle by taking of the different parameters of human characteristics, which can provide the effective methods of interior layout and measurements in the process of conceptual design. | Proper assessment of human reach posture is one of the essential functions for ergonomic workspace design and evaluation in computer-aided ergonomic evaluation models or any CAD system with a built-in man model. To predict reach posture, most existing models have been using heuristic methods, which provide only the range of feasible postures, not always ensuring the one that a person naturally takes. An analytic reach prediction algorithm was developed in this study by employing the inverse kinematics methods. Each upper limb is modelled as a four-link system, consisting of trunk, upper arm, lower arm, and hand, being regarded as a redundant manipulator with a total of eight degrees of freedom. Among several kinematic methods for solving human reach movement, the resolved motion method which is one of the redundant manipulator techniques in robotics was found to be effective. In this method, the joint range availability was used as a performance function to guarantee kinematic optimality and to simulate human reach closely. In addition, an approximate algorithm to generate the workspaces of human body was developed. Real reach postures taken from the subjects were analyzed by the motion analysis system and were statistically similar to those obtained from the prediction model. | Energies are reported for the first four singlet and triplet spherically symmetric states of 2e systems confined in an impenetrable sphere. All calculations used explicitly correlated Hylleraas basis sets. These calculations identify a series of level crossings and avoided crossings for Coulombic systems with a positive charge at the center of the sphere. Similar crossings do not occur for the 2e quantum dot. Configuration interaction calculations conducted in parallel provide a description of the system within the more traditional atomic orbital picture. The general shape of the energy versus confinement graphs and the locations of level crossings are shown to be consequences of scaling properties of the interparticle potentials. | eng_Latn | 12,178 |
This invention is relating to an improvement configured to a pushing caster of jogging machine. The body of jogging machine contains one master frame, one framework, one jogging board, one front transverse-rod, one hand holder, one rear floor-rod, etc. components. The transverse rod designed for master frame's base and front transverse-rod are fitted to the base of master frame where caster assemblies are plugged and retained at their both ends respectively. Diameter of caster is slightly bigger than diameter of rods. The inner sides of caster assembly, that is, the opposite direction that caster assembly face one another as they are installed at transverse-rod of master frame's base and front transverse-rod, is erected a positioning bushing to secure itself individually. Afterward, the outer circumference of each positioning bushing is enveloped by a floor-type rubber block which is in rectangular shape. This floor-type rubber block can be revolved around positioning bushing. Floor-type rubber block has been featured unequal thickness. It is designed to have its thickness bigger than diameter of caster assembly. Therefore, when the non-slip surface, that is, floor-type rubber block's bottom, contacts with floor surface, it will prop up the height of transverse-rod at master frame's base and the height of front transverse-rod because of the design feature. This prop will create a gap between each caster assembly and floor surface, and then disable caster's flnction. On the other hand, when floor-type rubber block is revolved to lose the contact between non-slip surface and floor surface, the thickness is small enough to reduce the height of transverse-rod at master frame's base and the height of front transverse-rod. The contact mechanism will be switched to caster assembly and floor surface instead. The machine body of jogging machine is ready for pushing movement. | Practical robot motion planning for multiple moving objects in large complex scenarios requires very fast collision detection. We present an approach to collision detection between multiple moving objects for robot motion planning. It is based on a spherical hierarchy of detail. The objects can be non-convex and curved and they are not decomposed into convex ones. We present results that show the stability of the approach with respect to the number of polygons used to model the scene. Numerical evidence of the efficiency of the algorithm is also shown with several experiments, obtaining average intersection detection times of a few milliseconds for two closely moving robots involving 1,900 polygons. A parallel version of the algorithm is also described with which computation times of around one millisecond are obtained in an average case. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,179 |
We propose a vision control strategy to perform automatic microassembly tasks in three-dimension (3-D) and develop relevant control software: specifically, using a 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic workstation to control a passive microgripper to automatically grasp a designated micropart from the chip, pivot the micropart, and then move the micropart to be vertically inserted into a designated slot on the chip. In the proposed control strategy, the whole microassembly task is divided into two subtasks, micro-grasping and micro-joining, in sequence. To guarantee the success of microassembly and manipulation accuracy, two different two-stage feedback motion strategies, the pattern matching and auto-focus method are employed, with the use of vision-based control system and the vision control software developed. Experiments conducted demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed control strategy. | There is a great demand for arrangement of micro objects smaller than 100 micrometers with high accuracy and reliability in order to construct micro devices. Since micro objects tend to adhere to other objects by electrostatic force, we can pick them up easily by contacting with a needle tip instead of grasping by tweezers. On the contrary, it is difficult to place them on a substrate. To solve this problem, we have proposed a handling method by controlling the facing area, i.e. picking up the object by contacting with the center of the tooltip plane, and placing it by contacting with the edge and also inclining the tool. However it is difficult to execute this operation by manual control, because it requires delicate control of the manipulator, not to break or flip away the object. In this study, we automate this pick-and-place operation by visual and force control. Moreover, to arrange micro objects with high accuracy and reliability, all necessary functions such as calibration, object search, and positioning are integrated, and an automatic handling system is constructed. We successfully demonstrate a completely automatic arrangement of several micro objects of 30 micrometers in diameter under SEM monitoring. | This article provides a postcolonial critique of power-resistance dialectics among outsourced call center workers in India. A constructivist grounded theory analysis of focus group and interview data with 65 participants reveals how microresistance intersects with global capitalism in ways that both accommodate and rupture Western discourses. These discursive and material intersectionalities are made visible through employees' processes of (1) aping the West, (2) articulating new logics and demonstrating Indian sensibilities, and (3) embracing a new life. The themes primarily reveal how the employees rupture the essentialist image of the other and challenge the dominant logic of neoliberalism. | eng_Latn | 12,180 |
The objective of this panel session is to describe how and when manufacturing simulation practitioners should add to the value of projects by interfacing simulation analyses with other analyses such as optimization, layout/material flow, scheduling, robotic, and queuing. The panelists will discuss how each analytical tool adds value to the discrete-event manufacturing simulation, when in the life cycle of a project it should be brought in, what are the main advantages and disadvantages of bringing in the additional tools, managing and selling collaborative analyses projects, and training requirements for collaborative analyses. | Employment of robots in manufacturing has been a value-added entity in a manufacturing industry. Robotic simulation is used to visualize entire robotic application system, to simulate the movement of robot arm incorporated with components consist in its environment and to detect collision between the robot and components. This paper presents result of a project in implementing a computer based model to simulate Okura A1600 palletizer robot. The application uses Okura A1600 robot for palletizing bags at the end of the production line and focuses on pick-and-place application. The project objective is to generate a computer simulated model to represent the actual robot model and its environment. The project simulates the robot's first four joints, namely as the waist, shoulder, elbow and waist and focuses on the position of the robot's end effector, regardless its orientation. Development of the model is using Workspace5 as a simulation tool. Two types of methodology are used, which are the methodology for developing the robotic workcell simulation model and the methodology for executing the robotic simulation. The output of the project will be a three-dimensional view of robot arm movement based on series of predefined geometry points, layout checking and robot's reachability by generating working envelope, collision and near miss detection, and monitoring on the cycle time upon completing a task. The project is an offline programming and no robot language is generated. | We report enhancement of the mechanical stability of graphene through a one-step method to disperse gold nanoparticles on the pristine graphene without any added agent. | eng_Latn | 12,181 |
A handover strategy is proposed that aims at natural and fluent robot to human object handovers. For the approaching phase, a globally asymptotically stable dynamical system (DS) is utilized, trained from human demonstrations and exploiting the existence of mirroring in the human wrist motion. The DS operates in the robot task space thus achieving independence with respect to the robot platform, encapsulating the position and orientation of the human wrist within a single DS. It is proven that the motion generated by such a DS, having as target the current wrist pose of the receiver’s hand, is bounded and converges to the previously unknown handover location. Haptic cues based on load estimates at the robot giver ensure full object load transfer before grip release. The proposed strategy is validated with simulations and experiments in real settings. | This thesis addresses the problem of modeling and planning anthropomorphic movements for robots during object handovers. The anthropomorphic movement during interactions between humans and robots should enable humans to feel safer and thus more accepting of robots. Using a combined model of Cartesian trajectory and the limitations of joint function using the recorded primitive joint movements of humans, we aimed to model and plan such an anthropomorphic movement. A simulation involving two different robots (the humanoid robot Pepper, and a Franka Panda) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model against human motion models and test the required planning time. The results showed that the proposed model is a useful trade-off between a model in Cartesian space and a model in joint space. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 12,182 |
This paper presents an artificial cognitive system tightly integrating object perception and manipulation for assistive robotics. This is necessary for assistive robots, not only to perform manipulation tasks in a reasonable amount of time and in an appropriate manner, but also to robustly adapt to new environments by handling new objects. In particular, this system includes perception capabilities that allow robots to incrementally learn object categories from the set of accumulated experiences and reason about how to perform complex tasks. To achieve these goals, it is critical to detect, track and recognize objects in the environment as well as to conceptualize experiences and learn novel object categories in an open-ended manner, based on human–robot interaction. Interaction capabilities were developed to enable human users to teach new object categories and instruct the robot to perform complex tasks. A naive Bayes learning approach with a Bag-of-Words object representation are used to acquire and refine object category models. Perceptual memory is used to store object experiences, feature dictionary and object category models. Working memory is employed to support communication purposes between the different modules of the architecture. A reactive planning approach is used to carry out complex tasks. To examine the performance of the proposed architecture, a quantitative evaluation and a qualitative analysis are carried out. Experimental results show that the proposed system is able to interact with human users, learn new object categories over time, as well as perform complex tasks. | Service robots are expected to autonomously and efficiently work in human-centric environments. For this type of robots, object perception and manipulation are challenging tasks due to need for accurate and real-time response. This paper presents an interactive open-ended learning approach to recognize multiple objects and their grasp affordances concurrently. This is an important contribution in the field of service robots since no matter how extensive the training data used for batch learning, a robot might always be confronted with an unknown object when operating in human-centric environments. The paper describes the system architecture and the learning and recognition capabilities. Grasp learning associates grasp configurations (i.e., end-effector positions and orientations) to grasp affordance categories. The grasp affordance category and the grasp configuration are taught through verbal and kinesthetic teaching, respectively. A Bayesian approach is adopted for learning and recognition of object categories and an instance-based approach is used for learning and recognition of affordance categories. An extensive set of experiments has been performed to assess the performance of the proposed approach regarding recognition accuracy, scalability and grasp success rate on challenging datasets and real-world scenarios. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 12,183 |
In this work, we present a high-speed pick-and-place method for cell-assembly applications. Besides range of motion and accuracy, rapidness of a manipulation system is an important parameter, which is so far underrated in related studies. To achieve high-speed micromanipulation, obtaining 3D positions of both the target microobject and the end effector rapidly is necessary. In addition, controlling the vibration of the end effector, which is greater at high speed, is another arduous task. We propose a new fast detection algorithm for both the target microobject and the end effector for achieving high-speed control of the system. Moreover, to realize the stable control for very fast movements, the vibration of the system is compensated. High-speed control of the microhand system is demonstrated with preliminary experiments consisting of pick-and-place actions of 40 to 60 μm microspheres; we aimed at performing a manipulation task in 1 second. Comparison with similar studies shows the merit of the proposed automated high-speed micromanipulation system. | This paper describes a novel microassembly system that can be used to construct out-of-plane three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures. The system makes use of a surface-micromachined microgripper that is solder bonded to a robotic manipulator. The microgripper is able to grasp a micropart, remove it from the chip, reorient it about two independent axes, translate it along the x, y and z axes to a secondary location, and join it to another micropart. In this way, out-of-plane 3-D microstructures can be assembled from a set of initially planar and parallel surface micromachined microparts. The microgripper is 380 /spl times/ 410 /spl mu/m in size. It utilizes three geometric features for operation: 1) compliant beams to allow for deflection at the grasping tips; 2) self-tightening geometry during grasping; and 3) 3-D interlocking geometry to secure a micropart after the grasp. Each micropart has three geometric features built into its body. The first is the interlock interface feature that allows it to be grasped by the microgripper. The second is a tether feature that secures the micropart to the substrate, and breaks away after the microgripper has grasped the micropart. The third is the snap-lock feature, which is used to join the micropart to other microparts. | ●The conditions are officially justified not as punishment for prisoners but as an administrative measure. Prisoners are placed in control units in administrative moves and since there are no rules governing such moves (in contrast to punitive moves), prisoners are denied any due process and prison officials can incarcerate any prisoner in a control unit for as long as they choose, without having to give any reason. | eng_Latn | 12,184 |
EVALUATION OF THE RUNNING SURFACE DEFORMATIONS INFLUENCE ON THE VIBRATION BEHAVIOUR OF OFF-ROAD VEHICLES | Abstract: Road profile and the technical condition of the suspension affect a large measure of comfort, road safety and endurance. This paper contains the theoretical study results of the offroad vehicle vibration when running on a bumpy section of road. For this purpose has been developed mechanical model of tire-suspension -self supporting bodyshell system with five degrees of freedom. The bodyshell was approximated by a flat plate, suspension and tires were modelled by four mass-damper-spring system attached to the four corners of the plate; the tire mass together with a mass suspension is concentrated at a single point. Vertical vibration displacement, velocity and acceleration of the body were determined using Matlab. Key words: vehicle vibration, vehicle mechanical modelling, road deformation. | A robot cooperative manipulation system based on visual simultaneous localization and mapping is proposed in this paper. A single camera mounted on each mobile robot is used to observe unknown environments. SURF algorithm is employed to extract features of the environment and the target object. Three-dimensional positions of the features are estimated according to the visual information. The states of the robot and matched features are updated using extended Kalman filtering to reconstruct a consistent environment map based on which path planning and robot navigation are further accomplished. To carry out cooperative manipulation tasks, a compliance control approach is adopted to avoid dropping the object and ensure completing manipulation tasks successfully. | yue_Hant | 12,185 |
STeP : AN INNOVATIVE TELEOPERATION SYSTEM FOR DECOMMISSIONING OPERATIONS | Decommissioning tasks in laboratories or interim storage facilities may be complicated by poor accessibility and by the diversity of operations that must be carried out. This is particularly true of waste storage shafts that are often accessible only from above and are relatively limited in size compared with existing intervention systems. This article describes the issues involved and the studies that have been carried out to develop a force-feedback Shaft Teleoperation system (STeP). Following a discussion of a range of possible concepts and of the preliminary tests carried out to define the system architecture and functions, the specifications and expected performance of the specially developed master-slave system are described. An example of a waste retrieval application is then presented with emphasis on the tools used and the full-scale mockup that will be built. | Abstract : An experimental model linear one kilowatt PEP all solid state HF amplifier and the factors leading to the development of the design approach used are described in this report. Sixty transistors were successfully combined over four octaves of band-width without individual tuning, or component selection. (Author) | yue_Hant | 12,186 |
A survey on real-time controlled multi-fingered robotic hand | Based on a wide range of literature review, the basic concepts and methodologies of real-time controlled robotic hand grasping system are reorganized, presented and illustrated in this paper. Two different taxonomies of the grasp mode are described here based on the connectivity between the robot hand and the object, and the geometry of the object respectively. A generic architecture for vision guided grasping system is illustrated which could be used as a reference for designing any other grasping system in related fields. The criteria used for evaluating generated grasps are listed and a brief introduction of a useful 3D simulator ldquoGraspIt!rdquo is given in the corresponding section. In the last part of the paper, three types of approaches that drive the grasping system and some of their counter applications are presented. | The thesis is relative to the development of an innovative Human Machine Interface for UAS Flight Management System. In particular, touchscreena have been selected as data entry interface. The thesis has been done together at Alenia Aermacchi | eng_Latn | 12,187 |
High stiffness capacitive type torque sensor with flexure structure for cooperative industrial robots | In this paper, a capacitive type torque sensor for cooperative robot manipulators is proposed. Flexure structures are used to increase its sensitivity while maintaining the high stiffness between input and output. The sensor can measure external torque of the joint by sensing capacitance of the parallel electrode plates which are attached to the flexure structures. Symmetrically placed 4 sets of electrodes can compensate the torque ripples caused by harmonic drive gears and absorb undesired off-axis moments. The basic concept and detailed design are presented and the experimental results of the implemented sensor are shown. | Abstract A computer-oriented method for sensitivity model construction of open-chain active mechanism is developed. It comprises two different calculations: (a) the sensitity of generalized forces acting in mechanism joints and (b) the sensitivity of actuator inputs, Variable parameters are accepted to be the dynamic parameters (masses and moments of inertia) of mechanism links. The method is convenient for real-time control application and is intended to provide a basis for adaptive manipulator control. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example of a six degree-of-freedom manipulator. | eng_Latn | 12,188 |
Acquisition of Slip Phenomenon between Developed Distributed-Type Force Sensor and the Contacted Object | This paper describes output algorithms to evaluate slip, using our developed distributed-type force sensor. To realize advanced manipulation, it is necessary to acquire the forces and moments applied to the fingertips of the robot hand, and to evaluate the slip between the contacted object and the sensor. The algorithms continuously detect translational micro-and micro-and micro-and macro-slip. Micro-slip is detected from vibration information output by strain gauges attached to the surface of each sensor element, while macro-slip is detected as movement of the center of pressure distribution. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm. | We prove existence of solutions for a class of systems of subelliptic PDEs arising from Mean Field Game systems with H\"ormander diffusion. These results are motivated by the feedback synthesis Mean Field Game solutions and the Nash equilibria of a large class of $N$-player differential games. | eng_Latn | 12,189 |
Robust landmark selection for mobile robot navigation | Effective Landmark Placement for Accurate and Reliable Mobile Robot Navigation | A 3D printed monolithic soft gripper with adjustable stiffness | eng_Latn | 12,190 |
Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA | In response to mounting evidence that use of electronic medical record systems may cause unintended consequences, and even patient harm, the AMIA Board of Directors convened a Task Force on Usability to examine evidence from the literature and make recommendations. This task force was composed of representatives from both academic settings and vendors of electronic health record (EHR) systems. After a careful review of the literature and of vendor experiences with EHR design and implementation, the task force developed 10 recommendations in four areas: (1) human factors health information technology (IT) research, (2) health IT policy, (3) industry recommendations, and (4) recommendations for the clinician end-user of EHR software. These AMIA recommendations are intended to stimulate informed debate, provide a plan to increase understanding of the impact of usability on the effective use of health IT, and lead to safer and higher quality care with the adoption of useful and usable EHR systems. | INTRODUCTION ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether the new robot hand technique can help to avoid the complication in the course of high precise microneurosurgical operations. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The physical efficacy was measured by tremorometry. The comparative study of the incidence of complications measured the clinical efficacy. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The tremors of the operating hand and the number of complications have decreased effectively. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The precise level of robots could be available by novel robot hand technique. By this technique the microsurgical work has become more effective. | eng_Latn | 12,191 |
Influence of visual and haptic cues on podokinetic after-rotation | ABSTRACT Active countercircling on a rotating platform for 15 min causes individuals to involuntarily circle in the same direction when they step in place on firm ground. This is referred to as podokinetic after-rotation (PKAR). It is unclear how interjecting brief periods of visual or haptic inputs for a stable orientation reference affects PKAR. The authors studied this issue in 16 healthy individuals who participated in three sessions each. Following active countercircling, participants attempted to step in place for 30 min on firm ground. In two of three sessions, participants received full visual input or made fingertip contact with a stationary object for 30 s during 30 min of ongoing PKAR. All participants slowed or stopped rotating during the presence of visual or haptic inputs and resumed PKAR after removal of these inputs. Exponential functions fitted to angular trunk velocity versus time plots revealed no significant differences across conditions (p > .05). The preservation of PKAR after brief ... | INTRODUCTION ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether the new robot hand technique can help to avoid the complication in the course of high precise microneurosurgical operations. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The physical efficacy was measured by tremorometry. The comparative study of the incidence of complications measured the clinical efficacy. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The tremors of the operating hand and the number of complications have decreased effectively. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The precise level of robots could be available by novel robot hand technique. By this technique the microsurgical work has become more effective. | eng_Latn | 12,192 |
User Perceptions of Haptic Fidgets on Mobile Devices for Attention and Task Performance | Fidgeting, while primarily recognized as a distinguishing characteristic of neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism or ADHD, has also recently been recognized as a potential focus and attention aid for learning in traditional classroom environments. Everyone fidgets to greater or lesser extents, perhaps everyone can benefit from fidgeting aids to refocus attention. The recent explosion in popularity of fidgeting aids, such as fidget spinners, fidget cubes, and other toys highlights the broad appeal of these objects. Human-Computer Interaction researchers have taken an interest in the contributions of fidgeting to productivity. While these works connect the concepts of visual and motor stimulus as meaningful fidgets, little investigation has been done as to the potential contributions of haptic stimulus in digital fidgets. We designed and tested haptic mobile fidgets and compared their effects on task performance and user preference against the traditional spinner and no fidget apparatus. | INTRODUCTION ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether the new robot hand technique can help to avoid the complication in the course of high precise microneurosurgical operations. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The physical efficacy was measured by tremorometry. The comparative study of the incidence of complications measured the clinical efficacy. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The tremors of the operating hand and the number of complications have decreased effectively. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The precise level of robots could be available by novel robot hand technique. By this technique the microsurgical work has become more effective. | eng_Latn | 12,193 |
Application of robot hand technique in the course of microneurosurgical operations | INTRODUCTION ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether the new robot hand technique can help to avoid the complication in the course of high precise microneurosurgical operations. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The physical efficacy was measured by tremorometry. The comparative study of the incidence of complications measured the clinical efficacy. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The tremors of the operating hand and the number of complications have decreased effectively. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The precise level of robots could be available by novel robot hand technique. By this technique the microsurgical work has become more effective. | In this study, we perform in vivo OCT human arthroscopic imaging in patients undergoing menisectomy. Results are compared to MRI and arthroscopy. | eng_Latn | 12,194 |
Wearable device assembly having a motor function of | A wearable device assembly includes a controller, the display and indicator system supported in the housing thereon. The controller includes at least one sensor, wherein detecting the user wearing the device activity. The controller selects the activity level lit the indicator system to indicate the user. | INTRODUCTION ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether the new robot hand technique can help to avoid the complication in the course of high precise microneurosurgical operations. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The physical efficacy was measured by tremorometry. The comparative study of the incidence of complications measured the clinical efficacy. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The tremors of the operating hand and the number of complications have decreased effectively. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The precise level of robots could be available by novel robot hand technique. By this technique the microsurgical work has become more effective. | eng_Latn | 12,195 |
The effect of electronic trading on market volatility and liquidity in emerging markets: Evidence from Amman Stock Exchange | This study investigates the impact of the electronic trading system (ETS) on market volatility and liquidity on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) before and after its implementation on 26th March, 2000. Using a sample of 34 companies, we collected data on closing prices, volume, and number of shares traded over the period from 2nd January, 1996 to 2nd January, 2004. The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model was used to test the volatility level, while liquidity was examined by measuring the difference between the relative means of ‘trading volume’ in the two periods. Empirical results using the GARCH model with dummy variable show a reduction in volatility after the adoption of electronic trading. The persistence of the shocks to volatility, however, seemed to last for sometime in the future when the exchange moved to an ETS. Similar results were detected for each company separately. In addition, the adoption of electronic trading has improved the liquidity level of ASE. | INTRODUCTION ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether the new robot hand technique can help to avoid the complication in the course of high precise microneurosurgical operations. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The physical efficacy was measured by tremorometry. The comparative study of the incidence of complications measured the clinical efficacy. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The tremors of the operating hand and the number of complications have decreased effectively. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The precise level of robots could be available by novel robot hand technique. By this technique the microsurgical work has become more effective. | eng_Latn | 12,196 |
Preoperative management of patients with major trauma injuries. | Traumatic injuries require rapid, efficient, and precise diagnose and immediate treatment. Patients with major trauma injuries place special demands on emergency department, OR, and intensive care unit health care providers. Cost-effective and time-efficient management of these patients results in improved patient care and optimal outcomes in this era of shrinking health care dollars. Perioperative nurses need to be aware of the many evolving changes in the preoperative management of patients with major trauma injuries to provide quality care to these patients. | INTRODUCTION ::: The aim of this study was to determine whether the new robot hand technique can help to avoid the complication in the course of high precise microneurosurgical operations. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: The physical efficacy was measured by tremorometry. The comparative study of the incidence of complications measured the clinical efficacy. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The tremors of the operating hand and the number of complications have decreased effectively. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: The precise level of robots could be available by novel robot hand technique. By this technique the microsurgical work has become more effective. | eng_Latn | 12,197 |
Use Good Posture to Prevent Carpal Tunnel | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the result of repetitive strain and a fixed (static) posture. Learning how to incorporate natural human motion into your work helps relieve the stress and strain created by static postures. | This wikiHow teaches you how to use Google's keyboard to gesture (or glide) type -- composing without lifting your finger from the keyboard -- on your Android device. | eng_Latn | 12,198 |
Do Kegel Exercises | This wikiHow will teach you how to do Kegel exercises, which can help ward off pelvic floor problems, including urinary and fecal incontinence, and improve your sex life. | Do you have weak fingers? Do you need to use them for something that requires flexibility? Do you want to have a better grip on jars and lids and slippery objects? | eng_Latn | 12,199 |
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