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Flight Lt. Harita Kaur Deol ( 1972 - December 25 , 1996 ) was a pilot with the Indian Air Force . | Lt. Harita Kaur Deol ( 1972 -- 25 December 1996 ) is a pilot with the Indian Air Force ( IAF ) . | The Night of the Long Knives ( German : Nacht der langen Messer ( info \* help ) ) or `` Operation Hummingbird '' ( Kolibri ) , was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July 2 1934 , when the Nazi regime executed at least 90 people for political reasons . | eng_Latn | 15,300 |
In 2011 , HBO broadcast a television documentary about Weintraub 's life , called `` His Way . '' | In 2011 , HBO broadcast a television documentary about Weintraub 's life , called `` His Way '' . | Partly as because of Germany 's new-found cycling enthusiasm , the Bund Deutscher Radfahrer e.V. ( German Cyclists ' Federation ) and the company Upsolut founded the Deutschland Tour gmbh ( Ltd ) 1999 the Deutschlandtour restarted , but has not been run since 2008 because of a lack of interest from TV sponsors . | eng_Latn | 15,301 |
The country will mark the 20th anniversary of reunification on Sunday .
Merkel is the first former East German to lead the reunified country .
She praises strides made since the West and East merged in 1990 . | (CNN) -- As the 20th anniversary of the reunification between East and West Germany approaches, the country's leader says Germany has become "culturally richer" as a result. "We're pleased that the Eastern states have become much stronger, that a lot has been put into action and that Germany has become culturally richer," German Chancellor Angela Merkel told CNNI's "Connect the World" on Monday. "I think it's a wonderful story." The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 paved the way for reunification a year later with the collapse of Soviet-backed communist governments across Eastern Europe. Germany will officially mark the reunification milestone on Sunday. Merkel, the first former East German to lead the reunified country, praised Germany's strides toward accepting multiculturalism, despite tense relations with the Muslim community across Europe. "We've taken a remarkable step forward here in Germany," she said. "Before we spoke of multiculturalism, of parallel societies or even in my own party there were those who spoke about guest workers who would soon leave Germany. We've all understood now that immigrants are a part of our country. They have to speak our language, they have to receive an education here." Merkel also expressed optimism for Germany's economic future. "It's not guaranteed that the growth we're experiencing now will continue over the years, but I think overall we've acted smartly, G20 worked together well and I'm definitely optimistic that we can get through it, if we regulate the markets prudently and when we find the correct exit strategy after this expensive stimulus program," she said. CNN's Becky Anderson contributed to this report. | It was a question that plagued spooks for three decades - was Nick Clegg's great aunt a Soviet agent? Countess Moura Budberg's life reads like it was right off the pages of an espionage thriller, with walk-on parts from Josef Stalin, HG Wells and notorious Cambridge spy ring traitors Guy Burgess and Donald McLean. But it was the Russian emigre's relationship with famous agent Robert Bruce Lockhart that first aroused the suspicions of British intelligence. Intelligence officials speculated for three decades about whether Nick Clegg's great aunt, Countess Moura Budberg, pictured above, was a soviet spy . It had been well known that Lockhart had fallen for a woman named Moura when he was in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution - and that woman turned out to be Countess Budberg. The pair had met in 1918, when Lockhart was head of the British Legation in Russia, and Countess Budgerg was married to another man. Their romance was later dramatised in the 1934 film Secret Agent. The Countess was later cleared of being a spy and left Estonia. While living between Germany and Italy she applied to enter Britain to be with her niece, Baroness Kira von Engelhardt, The Independent reported. British authorities were not concerned about Baroness Engelhardt, but in the 1950s one spy sent a memo to another, expressing doubts about 'Kera (sic) Clegg', who appeared to be closely linked to Countess Budberg. Countess Engelhardt had changed her surname after marrying, Hugh Clegg. The couple were the grandparents of Nick Clegg, who has previously described his great aunt as an 'utterly terrifying' woman. The newspaper searched the National Archives and reports that Countess Budberg's name appeared in hundreds of documents, gathered by British intelligence officers over a 30 year period. Whether the Countess was in fact a Soviet spy was a question the MI5 never answered. Despite having contacts across Europe, including inside Stalin's regime, they suspected she was probably the target of hostile gossip. The French, however, concluded she was a spy. The British secret service's various informants were inconsistent in their observations about Countess Budberg. Her looks, intelligence and morality were debated. She was called an 'absolute devil', but it was also suggested that she could simply be the victim of spitefulness. Despite having had several male lovers, at least one source thought she was a lesbian. Lockhart and Countess Budberg were arrested in the panic that followed an attempt on Lenin's life in 1918. Lockhart was soon released. The Countess is thought to have later secured her freedom by seducing her investigating officer. Clegg, pictured as a boy with his father Nicholas Clegg, described his great aunt as 'utterly terrifying' Whether the Countess was in fact a Soviet spy was a question the MI5 never answered. Despite having contacts across Europe, including inside Stalin's regime, they suspected she was probably the target of hostile gossip. The French, however, concluded she was a spy . She then returned to Russia where she began working for writer Maxim Gorky, before becoming his lover. A year later, in 1921, Gorky secured permission for her to move to Estonia, after she had spent the night with HG Wells, who was staying with them. When she moved, documents noted that she the Countess had married another man, who she lived with for a year before they divorced. It was thought it was a marriage of convenience to secure the Countess Estonian citizenship. The Countess later reunited with Gorky and they lived together in Berlin for several years before the author returned to Russia. The newspaper speculated that her move to Britain was perhaps motivated more by her fear of being without a lover, than to be with her niece. The Countess soon became well connected in the UK and British authorities continued to keep her under surveillance. But because high profile people like wartime solicitor General Lord Iowitt and the Minister of Information, Lord Duff Cooper, vouched for her good character, the Countess simply remained a mystery. She had worked for Lord Cooper during the war. Clegg's aunt, Countess Budberg, became a British citizen in 1947; her first vote was for Labour . Countess Budgerg remained in contact with Gorky whose house remained under surveillance by Stalin's police. She travelled in and out of Russia on four occasions, the last of which was in 1936 when Gorky lay dying. She never required a visa and it is thought that is because Russian police may have wanted something from her. The trips ignited the suspicions of Maurice Dayet, secretary of the French embassy, who went on to warn his British counterparts about her. It was also thought the Countess was being paid by the Germans, but this was later dismissed. In April 1942, Winston Churchill's personal aide, Sir Desmond Morton, wrote to the secret service about the Countess warning that she was a 'perfect terror at intrigue'. The service acknowledged they knew a great deal about her, but said they considered her to be anti-nazi. Countess Budberg became a British citizen in 1947. Her first vote was for Labour. She came under suspicion again in 1951 when the MI5 were told that HG Well's family had known for years that she was a spy. And when the British intelligence service was hit by one of the biggest spy scandals in history, in May 1951, her name came up again. Two agents, Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, disappeared after the FBI learned that MacLean was a spy. Burgess had dined with the Countess on a number of occasions. But the British secret service never decided what to make of Countess Bugberg who died in November 1974. It concluded that it was 'a virtual impossibility' to draw any conclusions based on the conflicting reports about her. | eng_Latn | 15,302 |
Several injured after 'man steals policewoman's gun' and opens fire in Munich | Armed German policemen secure the scene of the shooting (Picture: EPA/MARC MUELLER
Several people have been injured after a man stole a policewoman’s pistol and shot her and several others at a Munich underground station.
Police evacuated Unterfohring underground station immediately after the incident this morning but the incident is not thought to be terror related.
Bernie Sanders supporter who shot US congressman dies from his injuries
Munich police tweeted that the policewoman’s injuries were serious and the suspect was in custody.
The shooting occurred during a morning police check at the station, Munich police spokesman Michael Riehlein added.
He had no further details, but Munich’s Merkur newspaper reported witnesses said the suspect took a police officer’s pistol and shot her, and also injured others at the scene.
Police officers secure the area around a commuter rail station in Unterfoehring near Munich (Picture: AFP/Getty Images)
Police block a street near a subway station in Munich (Picture: Sven Hoppe/dpa via AP)
Rescuers arrive near a subway station in Munich (Picture: Peter Kneffel/dpa via AP)
Mr Riehlein said the area has been secured and that there was no danger to the wider public.
MORE: Tory cabinet members in ‘secret talks with Labour to secure soft Brexit’
MORE: Woman charged with murder after man hit by tram in Manchester | Germany's Social Democratic Party candidate for chancellor Martin Schulz at the end of a news conference at Chigi Palace in Rome, Italy, July 27, 2017.
BERLIN (Reuters) - Chancellor Angela Merkel's main challenger, Martin Schulz, labelled U.S. President Donald Trump "irresponsible" on Sunday and insisted he could still win Germany's Sept. 24 election despite languishing in polls.
Schulz, leader of the left-leaning Social Democratic Party (SPD), said he would not take issue with Merkel's approach to handling the dispute between the United States and North Korea as Germany should stand united.
But he could not resist a dig at Trump, whom he described to the broadcaster ZDF as "this irresponsible man in the White House".
"What worries me is that an American president ... is sinking to the level of a North Korean dictator," Schulz added in a separate interview with the RTL channel.
On Friday, Merkel said there was no military solution to the North Korea issue, adding that "an escalation of the rhetoric is the wrong answer".
Six weeks out from the election, an Emnid opinion poll for Sunday's Bild am Sonntag newspaper put support for Schulz's SPD at 24 percent, far behind Merkel's conservative bloc, on 38 percent.
The two parties now rule in a "grand coalition", led by Merkel's conservatives. Despite the conservatives' big lead in surveys, a fractured political landscape could make it hard to form other viable coalitions.
Schulz insisted he could still win the election, telling ZDF: "I reckon I've got a good chance." Asked about the possibility of another grand coalition, he replied: "I have nothing against a grand coalition under my leadership."
The Emnid poll put support for the far-left Left party at 10 percent, with the pro-business Free Democrats (FDP) and the anti-immigration Alternative for Germany (AfD) both on 8 percent, and the environmentalist Greens on 7.
CAR MAKERS IN THE SPOTLIGHT
A day after Merkel rounded on Germany's auto executives for squandering trust in the sector, Schulz accused them of putting the industry at risk by failing to plan for the future.
The fate of the auto sector, Germany's biggest exporter and provider of some 800,000 jobs, has become a hot election issue as politicians accuse executives and each other of failing to find an adequate response to a scandal over emissions.
The scandal blew up almost two years ago when Volkswagen admitted to cheating U.S. emissions tests, throwing the spotlight on a major source of pollution and increasing the pressure for a decisive switch to alternative fuels.
"The problem is, we are living through a situation in Germany in which managers worth millions at VW, at Daimler, have fallen asleep and forgotten the future," Schulz told ZDF.
VW, along with fellow German car makers BMW, Daimler, Audi and Porsche, are also being investigated by European regulators for alleged anti-competitive collusion.
Trade unionists at VW have urged politicians not to exploit its problems for political gain.
Car bosses agreed this month to overhaul engine software on 5.3 million diesel cars to cut pollution.
Former chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, himself a former member of VW's supervisory board, accused Merkel of neglecting her duties by going on holiday rather than chairing the emissions talks with industry bosses.
"I don't want to spoil anyone's holiday. But here I would have taken charge personally. It is all far too important," Schroeder, a Social Democrat whom Merkel defeated in 2005, told the Swiss tabloid newspaper Blick. | eng_Latn | 15,303 |
'The Plot Against America' Asks: What If The U.S. Had Sided With The Nazis? | David Bianculli reviews HBO's new miniseries, which imagines that Charles Lindbergh became president in 1940. And we listen back to a 2004 with Philip Roth, who wrote the novel the series is based on. | <br />Guest:<br /><br /> <STRONG>William Langewiesche </STRONG><br /> * National Correspondent for the <EM>Atlantic Monthly</EM><br /> * Author of <EM>American Ground: Unbuilding the World Trade Center</EM> (North Point Press, 2002)<br /><br /> For nine months, journalist William Langewiesche had unrestricted access to Manhattan's Ground Zero. He wrote about his experiences in a three-part series for the Atlantic Monthly. Last July, Langewiesche shared the first part of his story with listeners of <EM>Talk of the Nation</EM>. Now, he returns to finish the story. From the moment of destruction to the last load of rubble, unbuilding the World Trade Center. Neal Conan talks with journalist William Langewiesche on <EM>Talk of the Nation</EM> from NPR News. | eng_Latn | 15,304 |
Are there nazi zombies on cod 5 final fronts? | In the end of cod world at war final fronts what happens? | In the end of cod world at war final fronts what happens? | eng_Latn | 15,305 |
Plans raise job jitters in Germany | BERLIN -- German officials expressed concern yesterday that their country has the most to lose with President Bush's announcement that tens of thousands of troops will return to the United States over the next decade. | Defence firm EADS has seen Jean-Paul Gut, one of its key strategy and sales executives, quit the firm. | eng_Latn | 15,306 |
Who was to blame for communism and capitalism? | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by "Jewish Bolshevik" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to "permanent mastery of the world", though he stated that they would "walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us." The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed] | In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York. However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001. Mr Greenberger was later corrected on this matter. | eng_Latn | 15,307 |
How many points were on each scale? | From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9. | This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity. It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insurances and providers of repo funding). With increasing distance from the underlying asset these actors relied more and more on indirect information (including FICO scores on creditworthiness, appraisals and due diligence checks by third party organizations, and most importantly the computer models of rating agencies and risk management desks). Instead of spreading risk this provided the ground for fraudulent acts, misjudgments and finally market collapse. In 2005 a group of computer scientists built a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies, which turned out to be adequate to what actually happened in 2006–2008.[citation needed] | eng_Latn | 15,308 |
Identifying German soldier in WWII from single photo? I found out that my grandfather was actually a German soldier in WWII who was in Austria in the year of 1945 but I only have a photograph and no other information. Is there any way I can search for his identity? | Finding information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? Where can I find information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? I am curious to find out about my ancestors' role in the wars, i.e. what rank they had, where they where fighting, with whom and anything else. | Am I technically allowed to look up cards during a Magic tournament match? Am I allowed to look up a card during a game, if it's being played with serious Rules Enforcement? Either to read the full card from the Gatherer, or to try to find the exact card I'm vaguely thinking of. Two possible scenarios: An opponent has revealed a card previously, and I want to remember the exact details. (Something like the exact wording of a sorcery, mana cost, keywords on a creature, subtypes, etc. etc.) I have a "name a card and remove it from the opponent's deck" type card, and I want to, say, ask google for "Blue Gearhulk" to remember that it's that that one is called "Torrential Gearhulk". Obviously, in casual or semi-casual games neither of these are a problem. Any reasonable opponent will just re-reveal the known card (assuming it IS still guaranteed to be known) or will accept "I name the Blue Gearhulk". Also obviously, it seems unlikely that I (or anyone else) would get to the stage of playing at the REL without knowing the cards too thoroughly for this to be relevant. But in principle... is it permitted? Or not? (and if not, is there a good reason, or just "we decided 'No'"?) | eng_Latn | 15,309 |
Why did Germany lose WWII? | Did Germany lose WW2? | How come Donald Trump is winning? | eng_Latn | 15,310 |
because when I went there I travel all over the country and I saw very few buildings and a lot of countryside with a few houses. | They live under ground. The next time you go there, you have to go to the CITY. Then lift up one of the man-hole covers. Climb down in there and walk or crawl about 200 yards. Then you will see another city under ground. It's cool. Those Germans are way more advanced than we Americans are. They have flying cars and stuff, all underground so that not everyone knows about it. It's really cool. You'll have to get a plane ticket and go back ASAP. | I think you should do a little research. Six retired generals out of how many generals that encompass the timeframe of the six outspoken ones? Do they consititute a majority of retired military (I can tell you that no, they don't, not even close). What you're seeing is that the press only publishes the interviews of people they agree with - they do not publish the interviews of the other hundred or so generals.\n\nSince what he's done so far has been successful - the actual war was over quickly, there is already a government coming into place, the local police and military are picking up well, and the infrastucture is coming online for the first time in almost 50 years. So yes, he's done a "good job", wouldn't you say?? | eng_Latn | 15,311 |
Sometimess it confuses me when many say 'hitler killed' all these people, when it wasn't him but the troops partaking in the task! Are people robots that they should not be held equally or more accountable? Am I missing something? What are you thoughts? | Soldiers love their country and they do what they are told, no matter what | So, what are you trying to prove this time? That cartoons the world over look strikingly similar, and motorbikes the world over look strikingly similar, and cars the world over look strikingly similar, and computer games and consoles not only LOOK similar, but aren't necessarily made by Sega or Nintendo, and that anyone, from anywhere in the world has the right (if not the ability) to make a corny little robot? If it sells, people from all over the world will make something similar. Money rules.\n\nOh, and I've told you before, stop pretending to be German! 8-O | eng_Latn | 15,312 |
What would have happened if Nazi Germany won WW2? | What if Germany won WWll? | Is SAP Germany's revenge for losing WWII? | eng_Latn | 15,313 |
Reflections on Germany, Poland and WW II | Prompted by the airing Ken Burns' television series on World War II, The War, we look back at the experiences of Poles and Germans at the outbreak of World War II. This story originally aired on All Things Considered in 1989. MADELEINE BRAND, host: This is DAY TO DAY from NPR News. I'm Madeleine Brand. ALEX COHEN, host: I'm Alex Cohen. Many Americans have been watching the Ken Burns documentary about World War II. It's airing this week on PBS. For some it's rekindled thoughts about that war. BRAND: Back in 1989, our colleague Alex Chadwick was thinking about it too. That summer he traveled to Europe to learn about the very beginning of that conflict 50 years after it began. In September of 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany after it invaded Poland. This is what Alex went to Europe to find out about. And today we represent part of his reporting on what happened in Germany and Poland in 1939. ALEX CHADWICK: There are monuments all over Poland to the courage displayed in the first weeks of September 1939. In a city north of Warsaw called Mlawa, for instance, the Polish defenders held out a lot longer than they should have against the far better equipped and prepared German army. These were doomed heroes, and they knew it. In Mlawa, as elsewhere in Poland, there was very soon no doubt as to the outcome of the invasion. What people did not know was what would happen next. Mr. WILLIE LORENZ: (Through translator) We did our last job just before Warsaw. CHADWICK: Willie Lorenz(ph) is now in his 70s, a retired union man living on a small pension in Southern Germany. He is a lifelong socialist, he says. He was always against Hitler. Nevertheless, when he was drafted into the German army in 1938, he went. Willie was assigned to the pioneers - road clearing and bridge building troops who went ahead of the infantry. A year later, in 1939, Willie Lorenz was in on the invasion of Poland from the first moments of the first day. He came under fire and he saw a man from his unit die, and saw many Poles killed too. But the German invasion was so swift that in less than a month Willie's unit was no longer needed. They had traveled no more than several dozen miles, staying all the time in the region of small farms and old villages north of Warsaw, where they had first crossed into Poland. Mr. LORENZ: (Through translator) The invasion ended at the end of October. After that, we rested in Makow. We lived alongside the village people there. CHADWICK: At an outdoor cafe in the Black Forest in Southern Germany, Willie Lorenz found the town of Makow - spelled M-A-K-O-W. He found it for me on a map. It was an unimportant-looking dot two inches from Warsaw. This was where he said, he was garrisoned soon after the invasion began and where he stayed for about a month before returning to Germany. Mr. LORENZ: (Through translator) It was totally quiet there, and we could do what we wanted to do. CHADWICK: Two weeks after recording this interview, I was in Warsaw, knowing nothing more of Makow than what Willie had told me, but prompted by curiosity to see the place, I drove there. It took two hours in the rain. (Soundbite of children) CHADWICK: Makow is big enough to have a church, but that's hardly a distinction in Poland. Children gathered around to see a stranger with a tape recorder. They showed where to find the priest, and I asked if he knew anyone still living there who'd been in Makow when the war began, and he took me to Dominica Delahovska(ph). Ms. DOMINICA DELAHOVSKA: (Polish spoken) CHADWICK: She was 28 back then, a farm girl who left the farm and married and became a hairdresser with her husband. They had a child - a boy. On the 1st of September 1939, a German plane bombed Makow to scare people, Mrs. Delahovska said, because there wasn't anything there of military use. Mrs. Delahovska is a widow now. The most valuable thing she has left is a beautiful, soft crown gray-green felt hat she bought for her handsome husband long ago. After the Germans bombed Makow, when they all ran for their lives, she took the hat with them because she couldn't imagine ever again spending so much money for anything like it. They fled south toward Warsaw for several days, but the Germans were much faster. They passed the refugees on the roads and ordered them to return to their villages. Ms. DELAHOVSKA: (Through translator) The soldiers themselves weren't so bad to the refugees. In fact, the ones that I met while I was on the cart, they were quite decent. CHADWICK: I heard a story from a German soldier who was in this area who told me that some soldiers were pulling Jews out of the lines of the refugees and beating them. Did you see that kind of thing? Ms. DELAHOVSKA: (Through translator) No. I didn't see them beat them. I only saw them when they hanged them. CHADWICK: You saw them when they hanged them? Ms. DELAHOVSKA: (Through translator) Yes, I saw it when they hanged them. I went to see it for myself. CHA | Robert Siegel talks with Kenneth Pollack, former CIA analyst and author of <EM>The Persian Puzzle</EM>, about U.S.-Iranian relations in light of Vice President Cheney's comments Thursday about Iran's nuclear program. | eng_Latn | 15,314 |
Remembering The Berlin Wall, 50 Years On | The Berlin Wall has now been torn down for nearly as long (22 years) as it stood (28 years). Yet it was such a powerful symbol of the Cold War that it still evokes a strong response today, a half-century after it was constructed in the summer of 1961. Germans will gather this weekend at the spot where the wall stood and reflect on how it shaped their lives and their society. While most of the wall is gone, a section still stands in the center of the city on a street called Bernauer Strasse. When the city was divided, this area was a no-man's land, covered in barbed wire and constantly monitored from watch towers. NPR's Bilal Qureshi recently visited the street, in what is now one of the city's most fashionable neighborhoods. Trams and bikes glide along in front of renovated apartment buildings. And that no-man's land has been turned into a park. Qureshi met Stephanie Kespohl, who was visiting with her 12-year-old daughter and her daughter's friend. "Now everything is unified," Kespohl said. "For them, it's one Berlin." NPR has curated a collection of photos showing the wall from its construction 50 years ago to the graffiti-covered slabs that are resting today in the yard of a Berlin construction company. | Archival Tape: Oklahoma City Bombing Montage. Five years ago today, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was bombed. | eng_Latn | 15,315 |
Excerpt: 'The Spies of Warsaw' | HOTEL EUROPEJSKI In the dying light of an autumn day in 1937, a certain Herr Edvard Uhl, a secret agent, descended from a first-class railway carriage in the city of Warsaw. Above the city, the sky was at war; the last of the sun struck blood-red embers off massed black cloud, while the clear horizon to the west was the color of blue ice. Herr Uhl suppressed a shiver; the sharp air of the evening, he told himself. But this was Poland, the border of the Russian steppe, and what had reached him was well beyond the chill of an October twilight. A taxi waited on Jerozolimskie street, in front of the station. The driver, an old man with a seamed face, sat patiently, knotted hands at rest on the steering wheel. "Hotel Europejski," Uhl told the driver. He wanted to add, and be quick about it, but the words would have been in German, and it was not so good to speak German in this city. Germany had absorbed the western part of Poland in 1795-Russia ruled the east, Austria-Hungary the southwest corner-for a hundred and twenty-three years, a period the Poles called "the Partition," a time of national conspiracy and defeated insurrection, leaving ample bad blood on all sides. With the rebirth of Poland in 1918, the new borders left a million Germans in Poland and two million Poles in Germany, which guaranteed that the bad blood would stay bad. So, for a German visiting Warsaw, a current of silent hostility, closed faces, small slights: we don't want you here. Nonetheless, Edvard Uhl had looked forward to this trip for weeks. In his late forties, he combed what remained of his hair in strands across his scalp and cultivated a heavy dark mustache, meant to deflect attention from a prominent bulbous nose, the bulb divided at the tip. A feature one saw in Poland, often enough. So, an ordinary- looking man, who led a rather ordinary life, a more-than-decent life, in the small city of Breslau: a wife and three children, a good job- as a senior engineer at an ironworks and foundry, a subcontractor to the giant Rheinmetall firm in Düsseldorf — a few friends, memberships in a church and a singing society. Oh, maybe the political situation — that wretched Hitler and his wretched Nazis strutting about-could have been better, but one abided, lived quietly, kept one's opinions to oneself; it wasn't so difficult. And the paycheck came every week. What more could a man want? Instinctively, his hand made sure of the leather satchel on the seat by his side. A tiny stab of regret touched his heart. Foolish, Edvard, truly it is. For the satchel, a gift from his first contact at the French embassy in Warsaw, had a false bottom, beneath which lay a sheaf of engineering diagrams. Well, he thought, one did what one had to do, so life went. No, one did what one had to do in order to do what one wanted to do-so life really went. He wasn't supposed to be in Warsaw; he was supposed, by his family and his employer, to be in Gleiwitz — just on the German side of the frontier dividing German Lower Silesia from Polish Upper Silesia-where his firm employed a large metal shop for the work that exceeded their capacity in Breslau. With the Reich rearming, they could not keep up with the orders that flowed from the Wehrmacht. The Gleiwitz works functioned well enough, but that wasn't what Uhl told his bosses. "A bunch of lazy idiots down there," he said, with a grim shake of the head, and found it necessary to take the train down to Gleiwitz once a month to straighten things out. And he did go to Gleiwitz-that pest from Breslau, back again!-but he didn't stay there. When he was done bothering the local management he took the train up to Warsaw where, in a manner of speaking, one very particular thing got straightened out. For Uhl, a blissful night of lovemaking, followed by a brief meeting at dawn, a secret meeting, then back to Breslau, back to Frau Uhl and his more-than-decent life. Refreshed. Reborn. Too much, that word? No. Just right. Uhl glanced at his watch. Drive faster, you peasant! This is an automobile, not a plow. The taxi crawled along Nowy Swiat, the grand avenue of Warsaw, deserted at this hour-the Poles went home for dinner at four. As the taxi passed a church, the driver slowed for a moment, then lifted his cap. It was not especially reverent, Uhl thought, simply something the man did every time he passed a church. At last, the imposing Hotel Europejski, with its giant of a doorman in visored cap and uniform worthy of a Napoleonic marshal. Uhl handed the driver his fare-he kept a reserve of Polish zloty in his desk at the office-and added a small, proper gratuity, then said "Dankeschön." It didn't matter now, he was where he wanted to be. In the room, he hung up his suit, shirt, and tie, laid out fresh socks and underwear on the bed, and went into the bathroom to have a thorough wash. He had just enough time; the Countess Sczelenska would arrive in thirty minutes. Or, rather, that was the time set for the rendezvous; she would of course | Guests: Adam Gopnik <LEM>New Yorker Correspondent</LEM> <LEM>Author, <EM>From Paris to the Moon</EM> (Random House)</LEM> Paris has long held the distinction of being the capital of culture and beauty even though the charm of Parisians can be elusive to some Americans. For decades, the <EM>New Yorker Magazine</EM> has sent writers to the City of Light and for Adam Gopnik, in 1995 -- his turn had come. Join guest host Melinda Penkava for a conversation with writer Adam Gopnik about being an American in Paris, on the next<EM> Talk of the Nation</EM> from NPR news. | eng_Latn | 15,316 |
Rowling: Ron and Hermione would have needed "relationship counseling"
The full interview will appear Thursday .
Some fans of the book are aghast .
Rowling revealed earlier she thought of offing Ron . | (CNN) -- If anyone here feels Ron and Hermione should not be united in holy matrimony, speak now or forever hold your peace. Well, guess who's got a problem -- seven years later. Author JK Rowling, the woman who dreamed up the pair and turned them into two of the most recognized figures in literature, is now throwing cold water on the central romance in the gazillion-selling Harry Potter series. Rowling now says she should have paired Hermoine Granger with Harry Potter, instead of his bud Ron Weasley. And then she delivers this punch to the gut of Ron fans everywhere: . Ron and Hermione would have needed relationship counseling. What the what??!! Rowling makes her disclosure in an interview that Emma Watson conducted with her for the entertainment mag, Wonderland. (Watson, of course, played Hermione in the film adaptations of the Harry Potter books.) The Wonderland issue doesn't come out until Thursday. But Britain's Sunday Times published excerpts of the interview in a front-page story, "JK admits Hermione should have wed Harry." "I wrote the Hermione/Ron relationship as a form of wish fulfillment. That's how it was conceived, really," Rowling says in the interview. "For reasons that have very little to do with literature and far more to do with me clinging to the plot as I first imagined it, Hermione ended up with Ron." "I know, I'm sorry," she adds. "I can hear the rage and fury it might cause some fans, but if I'm absolutely honest, distance has given me perspective on that. It was a choice I made for very personal reasons, not for reasons of credibility. Am I breaking people's hearts by saying this? I hope not." And what did the fictional Mrs. Weasley have to say about all this? She agrees! "I think there are fans out there who know that too and who wonder whether Ron would have really been able to make her happy," Watson says in the interview. Say it isn't so, howled Potter fans on Mugglenet.com (which bills itself as the world's No. 1 Harry Potter site). "WHAT??? I am heartbroken!," commented someone named "ana." "Ron and Hermione's relationship is wonderful because it is FAR from perfect at the beginning of the series and slowly (and ingeniously) develops into my favorite couple in the whole series! I could go on for days about why I love them." But the we-told-you-so side also came out in force. "Hermione deserved someone better. Ron would have been insecure and it would not have been a healthy relationship," said a commenter who goes by the name "militant delusionalist." "Harry had always said good things about Hermione and both of them being powerful wizards and brought up as muggles would have made them compatible." Hermione meets Ron in the first book of the series, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone," when he and Harry save her from a mountain troll. We learned of the pair getting hitched in the epilogue of the seventh and final book -- "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," published in 2007. The couple even have two kids, Rose and Hugo. And they lived happily ever after? Not quite. Not even before Rowling delivered this latest bombshell. Two years ago, she said she once considered offing Ron altogether. "Funnily enough, I planned from the start that none of them would die. Then midway through, which I think was a reflection that I wasn't in a very happy place, I started thinking I might punish one of them off. Out of sheer spite," she says in a conversation with Daniel Radcliffe for the DVD extra feature for "Deathly Hallows." (Radcliff, of course, played Harry in the movies.) "In my absolute heart of hearts of hearts -- although I did seriously consider killing ... Ron." 'Harry Potter' play coming to British stage . Rowling returns for more in Potter's world . Rowling almost killed off Ron Weasley . | By . Matt Blake . The Second World War could have been prevented by a single document... but Hitler destroyed it before it was made public, MI5 secret files have revealed. The last will and testament of Baron Paul von Hindenburg, Germany's president until his death in 1934, rejected Adolf Hitler's claim to the Reichstag and urged the nation to embrace democracy. Such was the respect that Germany's political class had for Hindenburg, his dissent from beyond the grave would surely have been heard and may well have obstructed Hitler's rise to power, prevented war and changed the course of history, reported The Times. Mistrust: The last will and testament of Baron Paul von Hindenburg (left), Germany's president until his death in 1934, rejected Adolf Hitler's claim to the Reichstag and urged the nation to embrace democracy. But Hitler caught wind of the document and demanded it be brought to him before it was released. It was never seen again. The claims, part of a haul of secret MI5 documents declassified last month, were made by Baron Fritz Günther von Tschirschky und Boegendorff, an aristocratic diplomat and confident of Hindenburg who helped draft the will. The confidant: The claims, part of a haul of secret MI5 documents declassified last month, were made by Baron Fritz Günther von Tschirschky und Boegendorff, an aristocratic diplomat and confidant of Hindenburg who helped draft the will . Tschirschky claimed Hindenburg's will was a powerful attack on Hitler's ambition, declaring that the the army should be independent from parliament, that a constitutional monarchy should be established and that the legislative and executive branches of government should be separated. 'He said further that he wanted the . rights of parliament established under a two-tier system on democratic . lines, like that of Britain, and that he wanted all racial and religious . discrimination abolished,' Tschirschky told the Times in 1947. Hitler and hindenburg hated each other. Hindenburg . described his Chancellor as that 'Bohemian corporal', intentionally . confusing Hitler's birthplace of Braunau in Austria, with Braunau in . Bohemia. Despite . Hitler's repeated demands to be appointed as Chancellor, Hindenburg . repeatedly refused until finally being forced by the deteriorating . political stability of the Weimar Republic to grant the Nazi Party . leader his wish. His health failing, he issued a decree which . suspended various civil liberties before signing the Enabling . Act, giving Hitler's administration legislative powers. He . died the following year, after which Hitler declared the office of . President vacant and, as 'Führer und Reichskanzler', made himself head . of state. Best of enemies: Hindenburg (left) described his Chancellor as that 'Bohemian corporal', intentionally confusing Hitler's birthplace of Braunau in Austria, with Braunau in Bohemia . But instead of sacking Hitler and . declaring martial law, Hindenburg drew up a will - a 'bomb timed to go . off posthumously and blow Hitler off course', wrote historian Ben . Macintyre in The Times. Before becoming Germany's president in 1925, Baron Paul von Hindenburg was a highly-decorated Prussian-German field marshal. He first came under the national spotlight when, at the age of 66, he won the decisive Battle of Tannenberg, almost completely destroying the Russian Second Army in August 1914. Becoming Chief of the General Staff in 1916, he quickly rose in the German public's esteem ultimately gaining more influence in Germany than the Kaiser himself. Retiring in 1919, he returned to public life in 1925, surfing his wave of popularity to become president. But the rise of the National Socialist Party made Adolf Hitler impossible to ignore. Hindenburg described his Chancellor as that 'Bohemian corporal', intentionally confusing Hitler's birthplace of Braunau in Austria, with Braunau in Bohemia. Despite his repeated attempts to spurn Hitler's advances on the office of Chancellor, the deteriorating political stability of the Weimar Republic coupled with the rise in popularity enjoyed by the Nazi Party forced Hindenburg to give in. He appointed Hitler as German Chancellor in January 1933. In February, he issued a decree which suspended various civil liberties before signing the Enabling Act a month later, giving Hitler legislative powers. He died the following year, after which Hitler declared the office of President vacant and, as 'Führer und Reichskanzler', made himself head of state. Within . hours of Hindenburg's death on August 2 1934, Hitler announced the . offices of Chancellor and President would merge under his rule as . supreme Fuhrer. A vote was called to let the German people express their view of Hitler's unprecedented move to become head of government and head of state. But as soon as he heard about the will, Hitler reportedly ordered his henchmen 'to ensure that this document comes into my possession as soon as possible'. Colonel Oskar von Hindenburg, son of the late President but a loyal Nazi, duly handed it over. It was never seen again. Instead, just before the vote, the Nazis published Hindenburg's 'political testament' - a glowing endorsement of Hitler and his political goals. Many historians believe it was a forgery. Four days later, 38 million voters supported Hitlars coup. Five million people rejected it. the next day, the Nazis made every member of the German army swear an obligatory oath of allegiance. Baron Tschirschky insisted: 'Hitler . would never have come into power, and there would have been no war, if . the wishes of Hindenburg had been known to the German people.' 'We . tend to see history in terms of unstoppable forces, great movements of . economics or ideology that dwarf individual choice and volition,' wrote Macintyre. 'But small things also change history — the whistle-blower, the resister, the single, history-defining document.' While Hitler must have destroyed the document he was given, two drafts survived. Nazi agents tracked the first down to a bank account in Switzerland and destroyed it. The other was kept by Tschirschky. But just before Tschirschky, a staunch opponent of Nazism, defected to Britain to spend the rest of the war in an internment camp, he said he burned his copy - the last written testament to Hindenburg's true feelings about Hitler and the future of Germany. | eng_Latn | 15,317 |
Was Erwin Rommel a great general? | Why do so many consider Erwin Rommel to be such a great general? | How does the average German citizen feel about Adolf Hitler and their nation’s role in WWII and the Holocaust? | eng_Latn | 15,318 |
What type of music was pioneered in Germany? | As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters. | On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division. | eng_Latn | 15,319 |
Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union? | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War. | At the same time, some Alsatians were in opposition to the Jacobins and sympathetic to the invading forces of Austria and Prussia who sought to crush the nascent revolutionary republic. Many of the residents of the Sundgau made "pilgrimages" to places like Mariastein Abbey, near Basel, in Switzerland, for baptisms and weddings. When the French Revolutionary Army of the Rhine was victorious, tens of thousands fled east before it. When they were later permitted to return (in some cases not until 1799), it was often to find that their lands and homes had been confiscated. These conditions led to emigration by hundreds of families to newly vacant lands in the Russian Empire in 1803–4 and again in 1808. A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea. | eng_Latn | 15,320 |
In "Young Frankenstein", Marty Feldman played this bumbling hunchback assistant | Amazon.ca:Customer Reviews: Young Frankenstein [Blu-ray ... Madeline Kahn plays the fiance, Marty Feldman as eyegor, and Peter Boyle as the ... Frankenstein (he pronounces it "FRONK-en-steen"), a bumbling but arrogant ... resist, and Frederick--with help from his assistant Inga (the beautiful Teri Garr), his .... From the wild-eyed Igor, the hunchbacked Transylvanian servant whose... | Luther at the Wartburg (1521/22) Luther as Junker Jrg at the Wartburg ... incognito at the Wartburg; he called himself Junker Jrg (Knight George) and "grew his ... Translation of the New Testament ... He translated the New Testament from its original Greek into German within ... In 1522, Luther returned to Wittenberg when the more radical functions of the... | eng_Latn | 15,321 |
The name of this psychology movement is German for "form" or "shape" | Gestalt psychology | Britannica.com Form and shape are the usual translations; in psychology the word is ... on apparent movement conducted in Frankfurt, Germany, with psychologists Wolfgang Khler and Kurt Koffka. ... This is usually called by its German name, gestalt. | Mengele's Boys from Brazil - Skeptoid May 4, 2010 ... In the film, Mengele, played by Gregory Peck, had been living in Paraguay and spent 20 years producing clones of Adolf Hitler. ... Did Josef Mengele continue his human experimentation in Brazil after the war? ... Histories of some of the South American Nazis and those pursuing them read like modern spy... | eng_Latn | 15,322 |
Of his 1941 flight to Scotland, Hitler said, "He is crazy; if he comes back, shoot him on sight" | World history - Ray Sahelian, M.D. Rudolph Hess flew to Britain in 1941, Of his 1941 flight to Scotland, Hitler said, "He is crazy; if he comes back, shoot him on sight", He helped Hitler write "Mein... | Quotes from The Diary of Anne Frank - BookRags.com Helpful for writing essays, studying or teaching The Diary of Anne Frank. ... March 1944 April 1944 May 1944 June 1944 July/August 1944 ... Quote 6: "I only look at her as a mother, and she just doesn't succeed in being .... Yet I keep them, because in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart. | eng_Latn | 15,323 |
What is the earliest surviving musical notation composed by Frédéric? | Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny. His elder sister Ludwika also took lessons from Żywny, and occasionally played duets with her brother. It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy. By the age of seven Fryderyk had begun giving public concerts, and in 1817 he composed two polonaises, in G minor and B-flat major. His next work, a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821, dedicated to Żywny, is his earliest surviving musical manuscript. | Things were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757 and then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757 With these victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's premier general and his men as Europe's most accomplished soldiers. In spite of this, the Prussians were now facing the prospect of four major powers attacking on four fronts (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North). Meanwhile, a combined force from a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership, thus threatening Prussian control of Saxony. | eng_Latn | 15,324 |
A bone called the vomer makes up much of this dividing wall in your nose | Anatomy of the human nose - Wikipedia The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal ... The vomer bone lies below and to the back (posteroinferiorly), and partially ... the structure of the external nose is divided into nine (9) aesthetic nasal subunits,... | Berlin Wall - Cold War - HISTORY.com Find out more about the history of Berlin Wall, including videos, interesting articles, ... allied occupation zones: The eastern part of the country went to the Soviet Union, ... government permission to stop the flow of emigrants by closing its border for good. In just two weeks, the East German army, police force and volunteer... | eng_Latn | 15,325 |
1977's "Son of Sam" | David Berkowitz - Wikipedia David Richard Berkowitz known also as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer, is an American serial killer convicted of a series of shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976, perpetrated with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver. He killed six victims and wounded seven others by July 1977. | List of terms used for Germans - Wikipedia There are many alternative terms for the people of Germany. In English the demonym is .... For example, in the film 1941 the Slim Pickens character calls a German officer "Mr Hynee .... Due to the negative perception of the Sudeten Germans' role in the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia in 1938-9, it is generally perceived... | eng_Latn | 15,326 |
What city did Hitler give a speech where he said he would erase British cities? | Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in strategy was also favoured to take place at night, to give the bombers greater protection under cover of darkness.[b] On 4 September 1940, in a long address at the Sportspalast, Hitler declared: "And should the Royal Air Force drop two thousand, or three thousand [kilograms ...] then we will now drop [...] 300,000, 400,000, yes one million kilograms in a single night. And should they declare they will greatly increase their attacks on our cities, then we will erase their cities." | The war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation. At the same time, the Russians failed in an attempt to take Kolberg in Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg, Poland) from the Prussians. | eng_Latn | 15,327 |
When is the title of rex teutonicum first used? | A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century. | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule. | eng_Latn | 15,328 |
What disagreements did the Luftwaffe staff center around? | Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OKL could not settle on an appropriate strategy. German planners had to decide whether the Luftwaffe should deliver the weight of its attacks against a specific segment of British industry such as aircraft factories, or against a system of interrelated industries such as Britain's import and distribution network, or even in a blow aimed at breaking the morale of the British population. The Luftwaffe's strategy became increasingly aimless over the winter of 1940–1941. Disputes among the OKL staff revolved more around tactics than strategy. This method condemned the offensive over Britain to failure before it began. | In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections. The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called "les députés protestataires", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France. At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians. | eng_Latn | 15,329 |
Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where? | Polabian Slavs (Wends) settled in parts of England (Danelaw), apparently as Danish allies. Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph's guards. In the 12th century, there was intensification of Slavic piracy in the Baltics. The Wendish Crusade was started against the Polabian Slavs in 1147, as a part of the Northern Crusades. Niklot, pagan chief of the Slavic Obodrites, began his open resistance when Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor, invaded Slavic lands. In August 1160 Niklot was killed and German colonization (Ostsiedlung) of the Elbe-Oder region began. In Hanoverian Wendland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lusatia invaders started germanization. Early forms of germanization were described by German monks: Helmold in the manuscript Chronicon Slavorum and Adam of Bremen in Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. The Polabian language survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state of Lower Saxony. In Eastern Germany, around 20% of Germans have Slavic paternal ancestry. Similarly, in Germany, around 20% of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin. | Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, in Warsaw, the November 1830 Uprising broke out, and Woyciechowski returned to Poland to enlist. Chopin, now alone in Vienna, was nostalgic for his homeland, and wrote to a friend, "I curse the moment of my departure." When in September 1831 he learned, while travelling from Vienna to Paris, that the uprising had been crushed, he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal: "Oh God! ... You are there, and yet you do not take vengeance!" Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer's maturing "into an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland." | eng_Latn | 15,330 |
When did St. Francis Xavier die? | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese, for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger." Xavier spent the years 1549–1551 converting Japanese to Christianity. He also observed: "The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China, Korea, Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines." | Things were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757 and then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757 With these victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's premier general and his men as Europe's most accomplished soldiers. In spite of this, the Prussians were now facing the prospect of four major powers attacking on four fronts (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North). Meanwhile, a combined force from a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership, thus threatening Prussian control of Saxony. | eng_Latn | 15,331 |
Who did Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17? | Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state. Victoria felt "sick at heart" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; "It really makes me shudder", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, "when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one." Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Kaiser. | On New Year's Day in 1930, von Neumann married Mariette Kövesi, who had studied economics at the Budapest University. Before his marriage he was baptized a Catholic. Max had died in 1929. None of the family had converted to Christianity while he was alive, but afterwards they all did. They had one child, a daughter, Marina, who is now a distinguished professor of business administration and public policy at the University of Michigan. The couple divorced in 1937. In October 1938, von Neumann married Klara Dan, whom he had met during his last trips back to Budapest prior to the outbreak of World War II. | eng_Latn | 15,332 |
What country was Schwarzenegger born in? | Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria and christened Arnold Alois. His parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger (August 17, 1907 – December 13, 1972), and Aurelia Schwarzenegger (née Jadrny; July 29, 1922 – August 2, 1998). Gustav was the local chief of police, and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938, though he was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. He married Arnold's mother on October 20, 1945;– he was 38, and she was 23 years old. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict: "Back then in Austria it was a very different world, if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared." He grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended Mass every Sunday. | At the end of May 1942, Eisenhower accompanied Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, commanding general of the Army Air Forces, to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England, Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney. He returned to Washington on June 3 with a pessimistic assessment, stating he had an "uneasy feeling" about Chaney and his staff. On June 23, 1942, he returned to London as Commanding General, European Theater of Operations (ETOUSA), based in London and with a house on Coombe, Kingston upon Thames, and replaced Chaney. He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7. | eng_Latn | 15,333 |
When was Victoria's oldest daughter married? | Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state. Victoria felt "sick at heart" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; "It really makes me shudder", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, "when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one." Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Kaiser. | On New Year's Day in 1930, von Neumann married Mariette Kövesi, who had studied economics at the Budapest University. Before his marriage he was baptized a Catholic. Max had died in 1929. None of the family had converted to Christianity while he was alive, but afterwards they all did. They had one child, a daughter, Marina, who is now a distinguished professor of business administration and public policy at the University of Michigan. The couple divorced in 1937. In October 1938, von Neumann married Klara Dan, whom he had met during his last trips back to Budapest prior to the outbreak of World War II. | eng_Latn | 15,334 |
How many TVs were made between 1936 and the start of the war in 1939? | According to figures from Britain's Radio Manufacturers Association, 18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, when production was halted by the war. | Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony. The Prussian army marched in three columns. On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the left was a column of 18,000 men under the command of the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. In the centre was Frederick II, himself with Field Marshal James Keith commanding a corps of 30,000 troops. Ferdinand of Brunswick was to close in on the town of Chemnitz. The Duke of Brunswick-Bevern was to traverse Lusatia to close in on Bautzen. Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden. | eng_Latn | 15,335 |
A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year? | The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets, with the goal that one day they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and traversing long distances. The head of the German Army's Ballistics and Munitions Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen, to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons. Wernher von Braun, a young engineering prodigy, was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program at Kummersdorf-West in 1932. Von Braun had dreams about conquering outer space with rockets, and did not initially see the military value in missile technology. | The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île (Cardo: current Rue du Dôme, Decumanus: current Rue des Hallebardes). The outline of the Roman "castrum" is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile. Many Roman artifacts have also been found along the current Route des Romains, the road that led to Argentoratum, in the suburb of Kœnigshoffen. This was where the largest burial places were situated, as well as the densest concentration of civilian dwelling places and commerces next to the camp. Among the most outstanding finds in Kœnigshoffen were (found in 1911–12) the fragments of a grand Mithraeum that had been shattered by early Christians in the fourth century. From the fourth century, Strasbourg was the seat of the Bishopric of Strasbourg (made an Archbishopric in 1988). Archaeological excavations below the current Église Saint-Étienne in 1948 and 1956 unearthed the apse of a church dating back to the late fourth or early fifth century, considered to be the oldest church in Alsace. It is supposed that this was the first seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Strasbourg. | eng_Latn | 15,336 |
What reinforcements were the Saxons expecting? | The Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered. Frederick occupied Dresden with little or no opposition from the Saxons. At the Battle of Lobositz on 1 October 1756, Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under General Browne. The Prussians then occupied Saxony; after the Siege of Pirna, the Saxon army surrendered in October 1756, and was forcibly incorporated into the Prussian army. The attack on neutral Saxony caused outrage across Europe and led to the strengthening of the anti-Prussian coalition. The only significant Austrian success was the partial occupation of Silesia. Far from being easy, Frederick's early successes proved indecisive and very costly for Prussia's smaller army. This led him to remark that he did not fight the same Austrians as he had during the previous war. | Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that integrated the regular army and the Landwehr reserves. The second was the provision for the conscription of every male Prussian of military age in the event of mobilization. Thus, despite the population of France being greater than the population of all of the German states that participated in the war, the Germans mobilized more soldiers for battle. | eng_Latn | 15,337 |
What method of transportation is used to get to Oberhauser's base? | The two travel to the hotel and discover White's secret room where they find co-ordinates pointing to Oberhauser's operations base in the desert. They travel by train to the nearest station, but are once again confronted by Hinx; they engage in a fight throughout the train in which Mr Hinx is eventually thrown off the train by Bond with Swann's assistance. After arriving at the station, Bond and Swann are escorted to Oberhauser's base. There, he reveals that Spectre has been staging terrorist attacks around the world, creating a need for the Nine Eyes programme. In return Spectre will be given unlimited access to intelligence gathered by Nine Eyes. Bond is tortured as Oberhauser discusses their shared history: after the younger Bond was orphaned, Oberhauser's father, Hannes, became his temporary guardian. Believing that Bond supplanted his role as son, Oberhauser killed his father and staged his own death, subsequently adopting the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld and going on to form Spectre. Bond and Swann escape, destroying the base in the process, leaving Blofeld to apparently die during the explosion. | In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections. The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called "les députés protestataires", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France. At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians. | eng_Latn | 15,338 |
I have a photo of a German youth soldier who was captured by American forces somewhere in the Ruhr area in March 1945. Can you give me some details as to who the young German soldier boy is? | Where can I find information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? I am curious to find out about my ancestors' role in the wars, i.e. what rank they had, where they where fighting, with whom and anything else. | When I have these facts, French coins were not found in the ruin. German coins were not found in the ruin. which of these sentences are grammatically correct? 1. No French and German coins were found in the ruin. 2. No French or German coins were found in the ruin. 3. No french nor German coins were found in the ruin. I think 1 is correct but I'm not sure. By the way, I can also say Neither German nor French coins were found in the ruin. Also, when you have an additional fact Italian coins were not found in the ruin which of these statements are grammatically correct? 1. No French, German and Italian coins were found in the ruin. 2. No French, German or Italian coins were found in the ruin. 3. None of French, German and Italian coins were found in the ruin. 4. None of French, German or Italian coins were found in the ruin. Thanks, | eng_Latn | 15,339 |
where can i find a down-loadable video with a speech of Hitler? | http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=hitler%20AND%20mediatype%3Amovies\nhttp://video.google.com/videosearch?q=hitler | Sound cards aren't downloadable - that's hardware. The drivers are another story. If you you know what make of soundcard you have you can do a search to see if it is available or check with a technician at any reputable computer store, Ie. Compusmart. etc. | eng_Latn | 15,340 |
Adolf Hitler was the real author of a biography which compared him to Jesus, a University of Aberdeen historian has claimed. | Adolf Hitler: His Life and his Speeches was published in 1923 - two years before his autobiography, Mein Kampf.
The first book was published under the name of German aristocrat Victor von Koerber and likens Hitler's political life to Jesus' resurrection.
Historian Thomas Weber believes Hitler penned it himself as a publicity stunt.
Professor Weber said he unearthed "compelling evidence" - including signed testimony - in a South African archive which proves who the real author was.
He said the original book helped propel Hitler to power and was the first sign that he planned to lead a German revolution.
Professor Weber made the discovery while carrying out research for his latest book about how Hitler became a Nazi.
He said: "I stumbled across a reference to von Koerber's private papers at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
"Once I had flown to South Africa, it quickly became apparent that surprisingly they had not previously been investigated in this context.
"Going through his papers, I soon realized that von Koerber, who later broke with the Nazis, had merely been a front for the profile and not its real author."
He added: "The book makes some outlandish claims, arguing that it should become 'the new bible of today' and uses terms such as 'holy' and 'deliverance'.
"To find it was actually written by Hitler himself demonstrates that he was a conniving political operator with a masterful understanding of political processes and narratives long before he drafted what is regarded as his first autobiography, Mein Kampf.
"It also challenges the accepted view that at this stage in his life he did not see himself as the man to lead the German revolution."
"Taken together, the pieces of evidence now available to us build a compelling picture that this was indeed an autobiography written to boost Hitler's profile as the 'German saviour' and that even at this early stage of his career he was an astute and manipulative political operator."
Prof Weber's as yet untitled book will be published in the UK next year. | 17 May 2016 Last updated at 15:41 BST
Folk aficionados saw it as a betrayal when Dylan left his acoustic roots behind in favour of playing music with a full band and electric guitars.
The gig was at the Manchester Free Trade Hall and when the anonymous heckler dubbed Dylan "Judas", the singer famously retorted, "I don't believe you."
The multi-award winning artist continues to record and tour 50 years after the infamous incident. | eng_Latn | 15,341 |
pls l need a breif explantion about what happen to adolf hitler at the end. | On April 29, 1945, he married his mistress Eva Braun. The following day Hitler committed suicide, shooting himself through the mouth with a pistol. His body was carried into the garden of the Reich Chancellery by aides, covered with petrol and burned along with that of Eva Braun.This final, macabre act of self-destruction appropriately symbolized the career of a political leader whose main legacy to Europe was the ruin of its civilization and the senseless sacrifice of human life for the sake of power and his own commitment to the bestial nonsense of National Socialist race mythology. With his death nothing was left of the "Greater Germanic Reich," of the tyrannical power structure and ideological system which had devastated Europe during the twelve years of his totalitarian rule. | Well I don't really know the details of lab, but just discuss what you did in the lab, such as the procedure itself and then if calculus was involved or any type of math discuss the math you had to use and equations and then what value you got and what it represented. Then in the conclusion basically state your objective and hypothesis. State whether or not your hypothesis was correct, why or why not, and that your objective was met. | eng_Latn | 15,342 |
whats HITLER favorites toys? | it seems Jewish people were | My guess is that we wouldn't call it a spare tire anymore, but maybe instead a .... spare sausage? | eng_Latn | 15,343 |
Advertised by channel seven in Australia as the "untold story", this miniseries undoes itself in the first five minutes by washing over the titular character's childhood and adolescence in less time than a good director will use to set up a single event. This cowardice and self-censorship for the fear of offending anyone permeates the series, and is ultimately responsible for its failure.Robert Carlyle puts in a valiant performance as the most hated man of the twentieth century, but he is hamstrung by two things. The lack of a decent dialogue coach on the series leaves his Northern-UK heritage shining blindingly through his physical appearance, and the dialogue is at times truly abysmal. Apparently, acknowledging the fact that Hitler was raised in a Catholic family is off limits, but insulting millions of Vikings and their descendants by having Carlyle spew the most ridiculous lines about Valhalla is quite okay. Well, here's a clue for the writers - any person familiar with Viking mythology will tell you that Valhalla is about the embodiment of honour and might in battle, two things that the Nazis quickly eschewed in favour of rat cunning and backstabbing. Until we can wake up to ourselves and realise that the reason Hitler has never been excommunicated from the Catholic church is because it would require the embarassing acknowledgement that he was once a member, we will never learn what this awful period of the world's history has to teach us.So now that we've managed to insult Vikings and the citizens of Scandinavian countries in this sham, you'd think the series would stop there, but it doesn't. Stockard Channing's listing in the opening credits was particularly eyebrow-raising, given that her voice is heard, and her face seen, for about thirty seconds at the most during the opening credits, making it patently transparent that more footage of Hitler's early days were shot, but not included because of a typical nanny-state fear of offending someone. It is also quite ironic that the films or miniseries which give a far better insight into Hilter's character do not feature him at all.Until we learn to stop sugar-coating the truth and realise that the citizenry of Germany was mostly unopposed to Hitler's views, and not necessarily through ignorance, we will never learn to deal with the fact that subversions of democracy (yes, Germany was a democracy pre-Hitler) can occur anywhere, we are doomed. That's the one thing this mini-series got right in portraying. Unfortunately, that element is lost in attempts to make Hitler's religious beliefs appear those of a much more valiant people, and the inability to scratch past the surface in any part of the subject matter. David Letterman's show had it pegged when they ran short satirical segments about the series. They really might as well have made a family sitcom with him as the star, that's how badly it was written.All in all, this politically correct farce of a bio-pic is worth no points, but I gave it two because Robert Carlyle definitely deserves better material than this, and he is about the only thing in it that works. | As someone who was born to a German mother and English father (who spent five years in a prisoner of war camp) I come from unique position. One of having to deal with the various Nazis on one side of the family and the victors of WW2 on the other. This miniseries cannot delve into every single part of Hitler's psyche and must give the viewer a general flavor of the situation at the time and as best as one can Hitler's state of mind. In this the series does quite well. Carlyle is very good as is O'Toole, I would however liked to have got more information on the relationships with others in party Because Hitler did not do anything on his own. He had people around him that followed him to the letter often without question and certainly without question later on in his murderous career. What was going through Goebbels, Goring and Hess's mind? It would have been helpful to see more of these relationships. But I hope it will make people research the subject more. It might also make people understand why someone like Saddam Hussein cannot be allowed to continue in power. | Advertised by channel seven in Australia as the "untold story", this miniseries undoes itself in the first five minutes by washing over the titular character's childhood and adolescence in less time than a good director will use to set up a single event. This cowardice and self-censorship for the fear of offending anyone permeates the series, and is ultimately responsible for its failure.Robert Carlyle puts in a valiant performance as the most hated man of the twentieth century, but he is hamstrung by two things. The lack of a decent dialogue coach on the series leaves his Northern-UK heritage shining blindingly through his physical appearance, and the dialogue is at times truly abysmal. Apparently, acknowledging the fact that Hitler was raised in a Catholic family is off limits, but insulting millions of Vikings and their descendants by having Carlyle spew the most ridiculous lines about Valhalla is quite okay. Well, here's a clue for the writers - any person familiar with Viking mythology will tell you that Valhalla is about the embodiment of honour and might in battle, two things that the Nazis quickly eschewed in favour of rat cunning and backstabbing. Until we can wake up to ourselves and realise that the reason Hitler has never been excommunicated from the Catholic church is because it would require the embarassing acknowledgement that he was once a member, we will never learn what this awful period of the world's history has to teach us.So now that we've managed to insult Vikings and the citizens of Scandinavian countries in this sham, you'd think the series would stop there, but it doesn't. Stockard Channing's listing in the opening credits was particularly eyebrow-raising, given that her voice is heard, and her face seen, for about thirty seconds at the most during the opening credits, making it patently transparent that more footage of Hitler's early days were shot, but not included because of a typical nanny-state fear of offending someone. It is also quite ironic that the films or miniseries which give a far better insight into Hilter's character do not feature him at all.Until we learn to stop sugar-coating the truth and realise that the citizenry of Germany was mostly unopposed to Hitler's views, and not necessarily through ignorance, we will never learn to deal with the fact that subversions of democracy (yes, Germany was a democracy pre-Hitler) can occur anywhere, we are doomed. That's the one thing this mini-series got right in portraying. Unfortunately, that element is lost in attempts to make Hitler's religious beliefs appear those of a much more valiant people, and the inability to scratch past the surface in any part of the subject matter. David Letterman's show had it pegged when they ran short satirical segments about the series. They really might as well have made a family sitcom with him as the star, that's how badly it was written.All in all, this politically correct farce of a bio-pic is worth no points, but I gave it two because Robert Carlyle definitely deserves better material than this, and he is about the only thing in it that works. | eng_Latn | 15,344 |
what did otto von bismarck stand for | OTTO VON BISMARCK Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) The battleship Bismarck was named in honour of Otto F rst von Bismarck, the architect of German unification and the arbiter of European politics during the second half of the 19th century. | Best Answer: Blood and Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the title of a famous speech by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories. It is also a famous transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most famous quotations. | eng_Latn | 15,345 |
when was the battle of the bulge | Map showing the swelling of the Bulge as the German offensive progressed creating the nose-like salient during 16â25 December 1944. The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 â 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign of World War II. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France, and Luxembourg, on the Western Front, towards the end of World War II, in the European theatre. | January 25, 201712452 views. The Battle of the Bulge was a surprise German offensive that took place between Trier and Monschau in late 1944 to early 1945. The battle was a surprise offensive by the Germans and is also known as the Von Rundstedt Offensive or the Ardennes Offensive. | eng_Latn | 15,346 |
define bruecher | Evans and Rocha will graduate in May, and Bruecher is an exchange student, but the rest of the lineup will be back next spring, and Bible said there is some talent among the team's alternates. The Times-Journal: News. Bruecher and Cassie Holleman won the No. 3 doubles match 8-0. The Times-Journal: News. | Die Brucke (The Bridge) was a group of German Expressionist artists that banded together in Dresden in 1905. The group, which includes artists such as Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, and Emil Nolde, had a major impact on the evolution of modern art in the twentieth century and the creation of Expressionism.lthough it included various artists and styles, Expressionism first emerged in 1905, when a group of four German architecture students who desired to become painters-Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Fritz Bleyl, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, and Erich Heckel-formed the group Die Bruecke (brücke The) bridge in the city Of. dresden | eng_Latn | 15,347 |
german expressionist film definition | German Expressionism was a movement when filmmakers captured the struggles that Germany was going through during the 1920s. During this time in Germany, they were transitioning from World War I into the years leading tothe second world war. | German Expressionism refers to a number of related creative movements beginning in Germany before the First World War that reached a peak in Berlin during the 1920s. | eng_Latn | 15,348 |
who was the lost battalion | However, the lost battalion is an interesting journalistic account of the seven companies of the American 77th Infantry Division who found themselves cut off behind German lines for six days during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the First World War. | The Lost Generation is a group of artists and writers who settled in Europe after World War I. They were known for their bohemian... | eng_Latn | 15,349 |
Is it true that Leonardo da Vinci is German? | Was Leonardo da Vinci a German? | Did Brad Pitt cheat on Jennifer Aniston before they split? | eng_Latn | 15,350 |
Hermann Gerdau, now 100, speaks for first time of his part in the conflict .
He claims he fired on Westerplatte base at 4.50am on September 1 1939 .
Hitler had told the world the bombardment began at 5.45am . | By . Allan Hall . PUBLISHED: . 23:01 EST, 25 August 2013 . | . UPDATED: . 05:03 EST, 26 August 2013 . Hermann Gerdau was a gunner aboard the Nazi battleship Schleswig Holstein when it opened fire on a Polish base - 55 minutes before Hitler said the war started . The German gunner who fired the first shots of the Second World War claims the conflict began 55 minutes than Hitler claimed. Hermann Gerdau, now 100 years old, was a . gunner aboard the Nazi battleship Schleswig Holstein whose big guns . opened up on Poland in the early hours of September 1 1939. Speaking for the first time of his part in the conflict he said: 'Hitler told the world that the bombardment began at 5.45am, but this was untrue. 'It began at 4.50am. I know because I was there.' It was the first of the many thousands of lies Hitler would tell the German people throughout the conflict. Gerdau, now a resident of an OAP home near Hamburg, was 26 on the morning the world changed forever. He said: 'We knew nothing of Hitler's war plans, but immediately before the invasion of Poland, strange things happened. 'At night we took 225 marine infantry, machine guns and ammunition on board a feeder ship and early the next morning came the order to open fire on the Westerplatte Polish naval base that was only 500 metres away from us. 'The call to battle stations came and I jumped out of the hammock and ran to my post. We fired the first shots of the war. We were so close it was impossible to miss. 'I was bound up in the euphoria of victory. We were all seized by the Nazi regime. But I was not enthusiastic about the war in general. And soon there was only horror.' He lost countless comrades in the battles . to come. Some 800 men from the Schleswig-Holstein - which was sunk by . British bombs in 1944 - were transferred in 1941 to the battleship . Bismarck, which was sunk with the loss of nearly all hands in May that . year. Gerdau (left) was 26 on the morning the world changed forever. He says the first cannon's roar was at 4.50am, not 5.45am, as Hitler claimed . Fury: The Nazi battleship Schleswig Holstein fires its cannons . 'I was lucky that I was not aboard,' said Gerdau. 'I had just completed a training course and missed the transfer.' Instead he was transferred to U-Boats which suffered 80 percent fatality rates. He was awarded the Iron Cross First Class in 1943 for his actions against Allied convoys in the North Atlantic - but had grown totally disillusioned with the war by then. He added: 'So many ships were sunk. The . war was lost. But you couldn't discuss it; you never knew if the next . person was a devil of the Nazis. Mr Gerdau was awarded the Iron Cross First Class in 1943, although he had grown totally disillusioned with the war by then . Invasion: German soldiers tear down the barrier at the German-Polish border on Sept. 1, 1939 . Herr Gerdauhe was transferred to U-Boats . and was awarded the Iron Cross . First Class in 1943 for his actions against Allied convoys in the North . Atlantic (file picture) These were the lost years when a whole generation were burned by the Nazis.....' He was captured in 1945 and imprisoned, first in the UK and then in America. After returning to Germany he worked on coalers and a whaling ship before becoming a captain. His wife Alwina died in 2001, and he lost his son in 1986. Now the last survivor the Schleswig Holstein he had this advice for the younger generation: 'To avoid war, learn. Education is everything. Go to school. And don't forget to vote.' | A British scientist fathered up to 600 children after founding a fertility clinic that promised to provide sperm donors from ‘intelligent stock’, it emerged yesterday. Biologist Bertold Wiesner supplied sperm to the partners of infertile men from the middle and upper classes, including ‘peers of the realm’. His wife Mary Barton later destroyed medical records, meaning most of those conceived there – and their thousands of subsequent offspring – have no idea of their true family history and blood ties. Family ties: Barry Stevens with a photograph of his father Bertold Wiesner . Half-brothers: Barry Stevens from Canada, left, and David Gollancz from London, right, were both conceived at the controversial Barton clinic and have discovered that Bertold Wiesner is their biological father . But two men conceived by artificial . insemination at the practice, which operated from the early 1940s until . the mid-1960s, have completed research suggesting up to two-thirds of . sperm donations during that period were by Wiesner. David Gollancz, one of Wiesner’s . biological sons, estimated he would have made 20 donations a year, . meaning he is likely to have fathered between 300 and 600 children. The barrister found out in 1965, at . the age of 12, that he was born from a sperm donor, but was never told . who his biological father was. He finally discovered the truth . through DNA tests and has subsequently made contact with 11 of his . half-siblings, including documentary-maker Barry Stevens, who led . research into the clinic. Mr Gollancz said he had mixed feelings about . his unusual family history. Donor: It is believed that Bertold Wiesner may have fathered up to 600 children through donating sperm at the fertility clinic he founded with his wife Mary Barton in the 1940s . He said: ‘It’s rather uncomfortable, . because artificial insemination was developed on an industrial scale for . cattle and I don’t like the feeling of having been “bred”. ‘But meeting the half siblings that I . have tracked down has been a very life-enriching experience. This does . make it frustrating too, because I know there are all those other . siblings out there who I don’t know but would really like to meet. I’d . love to be able to hire a huge marquee and invite them all to a party.’ Wiesner and Barton’s clinic, based in . London’s Portland Place, is believed to have helped women conceive . around 1,500 babies known as the ‘Barton Brood’. Trent Arsenault, 36, hit the headlines last December after revealing he had fathered 14 children despite being a virgin by donating his sperm to reproductively challenged couples. Mr Arsenault, from Silicon Valley, California, set up a free online sperm bank to help childless couples in situations where he claimed the only other alternative would be sex with a stranger. Speaking on Anderson Cooper's daytime show, he said: '100 per cent of my sexual energy is for producing sperm for childless couples to have babies. So I don't have other activity outside of that. 'I will probably be the 40-year-old virgin, except I'll have 15 plus kids.' He told Huffington Post: ‘I'm helping people in need... I'm not running a business here.' The high fees meant most of their clients were middle-class, but Barton also claimed to have helped many of the upper classes and even some ‘peers of the realm’. The couple used family friends to provide sperm, but a shortage of donors is believed to have led to Wiesner providing the majority. DNA tests were carried out in 2007 on 18 people conceived at the clinic between 1943 and 1962. The tests found that 12 of the group – two-thirds – were Wiesner’s children. Dr Barton told a 1959 government forum on artificial insemination: ‘I matched race, colouring and stature and all donors were drawn from intelligent stock.’ She added: ‘I wouldn’t take a donor unless he was, if anything, a little above average. ‘If you are going to do it [create a child] deliberately, you have got to put the standards rather higher than normal.’ An article the couple wrote in 1945 about their work prompted a peer to denounce their activities in the House of Lords as ‘the work of Beelzebub’. Geoffrey Fisher, then Archbishop of Canterbury, also demanded the closure of the clinic. Austrian-born Wiesner died in 1972, aged 70. His wife died 11 years ago. Mr Gollancz was involved in a campaign to stop sperm donors being anonymous, but said he still wanted further changes in the law. He said: ‘I would like to see birth certificates also carrying the name of the sperm or egg donor. ‘Most recipient parents don’t tell their children they are conceived this way, meaning they would never know to search for a donor father. ‘People have a right to know about their own history.’ | eng_Latn | 15,351 |
Correspondence includes adulatory and critical letters from 1924 to 1945 .
Letters were found in Russian archive .
They have now been translated into English and published in a new book .
Letters show how 'shaky' Hitler's hold on power was at times and how .
unpopular the Second World War became among the German masses . | Letters show how 'shaky' Hitler's hold on power was at times and how . unpopular the Second World War became among the German masses . Letters written by ordinary Germans to Adolf Hitler during the dark days of Nazi Germany have been discovered in a Russian archive. The fascinating correspondence, which will surprise many with their critical tone, begins in 1924 and goes right through to the Fuhrer’s last days as he cowered in a Berlin bunker in 1945. The documents, which were found in a Russian archive, have now been translated into English and reveal a side of the Nazis that is rarely considered. Support: Gustav Jaindl of Vienna wrote this letter to Hitler thanking him for the integration of Austria into the greater German Reich. His letter is among those recently found in a Russian archive and which are now published in a new book . Fan mail: A decorative telegram to Hitler declaring 'loyalty and love' sent in 1937 from a Dr Otto Hellmuth . Tribute: Erwin Walther composed the 'Heil Hitler, Heil' march for his beloved Fuhrer . They show how the popularity of Hitler's National Socialists party was carefully managed as support grew among the German population - and beyond. But, more surprisingly, the letters . also show how 'shaky' Hitler’s hold on power was at times and how . unpopular the Second World War became among the masses. His office even received, and replied to, letters from Jews complaining about his party's increasingly anti-Semitic stance. Chillingly, the British editor of a . book publishing the correspondence, Letter To Hitler, claims the . collection shows how a similarly totalitarian regime could emerge today. Dr Victoria Harris said: 'Some letters from people who idolise . him are totally fawning, but you get the impression from the others . that he could easily lose his approval. 'The biggest lesson I learned was how shaky his popularity was and how the regime had to work hard to maintain popularity. 'What is chilling is that you can see how he built his support and how you could see it happening elsewhere.' Lotte Kaiser wrote this Mothers' Day card for Hitler. 'Unutterably great thanks to Adolf's parents for giving birth to Our Fuhrer', she gushed . Young admirers: Susi and Daisy from the Sudetenland thank Hitler for having 'freed us and brought us into your beautiful Reich' Document: An eulogy from the Basalt works of Radebeule in praise of the Fuhrer . The Nazis carefully filed all the letters that their leader received, copied the replies and filed those as well. The letters grew in number through . the 1930s as the Nazi party became more powerful, and include thousands . wishing Hitler a happy birthday. The correspondence includes letters . from Jews unhappy with his policies, and from others pointing out to . Hitler what he ought to be doing. From Mrs von Ponief in 1930 . As early as 1925 the direction of the National Socialist party was being questioned, especially its lack of religious revival. Hitler’s deputy Rudolf Hess responded . to one such enquiry by stating that religious revival was not among the . goals of the Nazi Party. Hess replied to another correspondent in 1925 who asked whether Hitler drank. The reply was: 'Mr Hitler does not . drink alcohol, except perhaps a few drops on very exceptional occasions. He does not smoke at all.' Support for anti-Semitic policies was received from a Mrs von Ponief in 1930. She wrote: 'In order to do completely . Jew-free work, we must require our members to agree not to buy from . Jews, in this way we can gradually succeed in driving Jews out of . retailing and thus put the middle-class back in the saddle.' International appeal: A bizarre book from the Austrians of Argentina declaring their approval of Hitler . Frankfurt mayor Freidrich Krebs sent his best to Hitler for the New Year in the form of a medieval manuscript . Awed: Lottie H wrote a poem to Hitler worrying that he worked too hard . The letters also show how well . Hitler’s book Mein Kampf was doing, and in 1932 his publisher wrote to . him: 'Between the beginning of this year and 21 May we have been able to . sell a total of 29,385 copies of your work. Therefore we are crediting . you with a payment of 21,157.20 marks...' Another writer wanted permission to market 'Hitler Cigarettes', but the offer was declined. One letter from a Jew showed how integrated into German society they were and how the discrimination surprised them. Heinrich Herz wrote: 'But what I . cannot say I am satisfied with is the one-sided treatment of thousands . of my co-religionists, whose feeling and thinking are just as German as . mine. 'How much I should like to help build up my beloved Fatherland, if only an opportunity to do so were offered me.' In 1934, as Hitler built up a head of . steam, the fawning letters grew in number and included this from . Stanislaus Jaros, who wrote: 'I am prepared, like my father, even to . sacrifice my life, when Germany is involved and you, my Leader, call.' As war approached, correspondents . kept asking for peace. In 1938, Josef and Elli Jablonski wrote: 'It . makes us happy and glad to know that peace exists and will remain.' Treasure trove: The box in the Russian archives that contained the Hitler correspondence . The correspondence has been gathered in new book Letters To Hitler . As the Second World War headed to its . conclusion many wrote to Hitler with ideas for new weapons, but the . letters asking for autographs and showing declarations of support fell . to zero. But some remained faithful unto the . end, like Justizrat W von Zezschwitz, who wrote: 'But it may be granted . to your prudent, temporising leadership, as we all confidently hope it . will, at the right moment, with fullest health, to put a compelling halt . to the enemy who has penetrated so far into German lands in the East . and the West.' Dr Harrissaid: 'Through . the 1930s the letters grow in number and Hitler received many before . the elections in 1933. And he got thousands on his birthday. 'The high point was in 1938 and then the numbers of letters dropped off quite suddenly when the war started in 1939. 'In the 1930s, the letters show veneration and excitement but also strongly-worded criticism. 'People wrote to complain about . specific aspects of his policies. In 1934, he received a letter from a . Jew who was not practising, but still had the confidence to write. 'Surprisingly those who complained . often received feedback and it is clear that the regime realised the . importance of popularity. 'Hitler said that popularity was the . most important aspect of authority and by replying to the letters the . regime was giving the illusion of paying attention. 'And the longer the war went on the more they needed to enhance their popularity. 'It is also clear what a strategic . error it was to start the war because the people saw Hitler as someone . to bring peace and they didn’t want to go to war. 'And they did feel able to write to . Hitler about it and the letters were carefully filed away and copies of . replies that were sent were filed alongside the letters. 'There is even one objecting to a relative being sent to Auschwitz.' | (CNN) -- I've never been one to attend the performances of symphony orchestras, but off and on, for more than 35 years, I gave myself the gift of something even better: . Paul Harvey received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Bush in 2005. I would go and sit with Paul Harvey as he broadcast his radio show. It was music; it was thrilling. I met him in the early 1970s, when I was a young newspaper reporter in Chicago, and that's when he allowed me, for the first time, to sit silently in his studio as he did his work. Over the years, whenever I felt a need for a Paul Harvey fix, he was always welcoming, and we came to know each other well. I would sit there wordlessly and observe absolute excellence. He would invariably be wearing a smock when I arrived -- he had been working since well before the sun came up, and the smock would cover his shirt and tie. It was the kind of smock a jeweler might wear, or a watchmaker -- it was crisply pressed, the uniform of an expert craftsman. I never asked him why he wore it, but I suspect that was the reason -- pride in craftsmanship. He would be at the typewriter, honing his script. He was famed for his voice, but the writing itself was so beautiful -- his respect for words, his understanding of the potency of economy, his instinct for removing the superfluous. The world heard him speak, but the world never saw him write, and I think he honored both aspects of his skill equally. He would walk down the hallway to his studio just minutes before airtime. The studio itself -- when I first knew him it was on the west side of North Michigan Avenue, and in later years he moved it to the east side of the street -- was far from lavish. It was impossible to equate the spartan surroundings with the idea that his voice was leaving this little room and traveling around the world. Maybe that was the point: He worked for the illusion of unfussy intimacy. He would make these warm-up noises -- voice exercises, silly-sounding tweets and yodels, strange little un-Paul-Harvey-like sounds -- and he showed no self-consciousness about doing it in front of someone else, because would a National Football League linebacker be self-conscious about someone seeing him stretch before a game, would a National Basketball Association forward be worried about someone seeing him leap up and down before tipoff? This was Paul Harvey's arena, and he would get the voice ready, loosening it, easing it up to the starting line. And then the signal from the booth, and. . . "Hello, Americans! This is Paul Harvey! Stand by. . . for news!" And he would look down at those words that had come out of his typewriter minutes before -- some of them underlined to remind him to punch them hard -- and they became something grander than ink on paper, they became the song, the Paul Harvey symphony. He would allow me to sit right with him in the little room -- he never made me watch from behind the glass -- and there were moments, when his phrases, his word choices, were so perfect -- flawlessly written, flawlessly delivered -- that I just wanted to stand up and cheer. But of course I never did any such thing -- in Paul Harvey's studio, if you felt a tickle in your throat you would begin to panic, because you knew that if you so much as coughed it would go out over the air into cities and towns all across the continent -- so there were never any cheers. The impulse was always there, though -- when he would drop one of those famous Paul Harvey pauses into the middle of a sentence, letting it linger, proving once again the power of pure silence, the tease of anticipation, you just wanted to applaud for his mastery of his life's work. iReport.com: Share your memories of radio legend Harvey . He probably wouldn't have thought of himself this way, but he was the ultimate singer-songwriter. He wrote the lyrics. And then he went onto his stage and performed them. The cadences that came out of his fingertips at the typewriter were designed to be translated by one voice -- his voice -- and he did it every working day for more than half a century: did it so well that he became a part of the very atmosphere, an element of the American air. He had difficult years toward the end. At one point there was a problem with his vocal cords, and he had to leave his broadcast for an extended period; when he came back he told me he had felt fear and the deepest kind of despondency, because he thought he might be finished. He wasn't; he was able to work again, and then in the last 12 months he became ill, and his beloved wife, Angel, died; he turned 90 and he wasn't on the air as much. I was in St. Louis last fall to cover the vice presidential debate, and I was taking a morning walk through the suburb of Clayton. I was on Wydown Boulevard, on a sidewalk beneath some old and thick trees, and the cell phone in my pocket rang. It was Mr. Harvey. I didn't know exactly why he was calling that day, and I still am not certain, but my sense was that he just felt a need to talk. This was during the time when his radio appearances had become sporadic; I knew how lonely he was without Mrs. Harvey. The voice, of course, was much older, and not as strong, but it was his voice, arriving out of the air in yet another American town, and what I said to him then is what I will say to you now: It was wonderful to hear it again. I walked down the street, his voice in my ear. The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Bob Greene. | eng_Latn | 15,352 |
'Alone In Berlin': A Grieving German Couple Sets Out To Undermine The Nazi Movement | When Otto and Anna Quangel, a middle-aged couple in early '40s Berlin, receive a letter informing them their only son has died in the Battle of France, they take the news with curious resignation. Otto can't even bring himself to open the envelope, leaving his wife alone to process its contents. Their reaction is somewhere between shock and a grim acceptance of the inevitable, and it stands in sharp contrast to a city buoyed by Nazi victories and nationalist propaganda. They've lost their child and they've lost their country, perhaps long before. And their grief hardens their resolve to embark on a suicide mission in protest of Germany's extinguished conscience. Based on Hans Fallada's bestselling 1947 book Every Man Dies Alone, director Vincent Perez's Alone in Berlin should crackle with paranoia and suspense, as Otto and Anna, a comfortable couple of means, plant seeds of rebellion in seemingly infertile ground. Yet this adaptation chooses to go the prestige route instead, smothering the action in an autumn-hued respectability that condemns it to mediocrity. A veteran actor making his second feature, Perez tells the story cleanly, getting fine performances out of the decidedly not-German Brendan Gleeson and Emma Thompson as Otto and Anna, and the quite-German Daniel Brühl, who plays their investigator. But he's made an exceedingly well-mannered film about rejecting autocracy in its darkest hour, and the disconnect is jarring. As the Nazi regime thrives around them, in a city of outward exuberance and hidden fear, Otto and Anna reside in an apartment building that's like a quiet oasis of contrary values. Their anti-Nazi postwoman Eva (Katrin Pollitt) soberly delivers the bad news about their son and the Quangels, along with a kind widower, do what they can to protect a Jewish neighbor from the looters who raid her apartment. During the day, Otto logs time as a machinist while Anna reluctantly canvasses the city on behalf of the Nazi Women's League, which goes door-to-door reminding other women of their duties. After hearing of his son's death, Otto sets to work meticulously handcrafting anti-Nazi postcards to distribute surreptitiously in buildings around the city and Anna quickly volunteers to act as his lookout. They know that the vast majority of the postcards will be turned into the authorities and they also know that they face execution for treason if they're caught. Yet they do it anyway, under the nose of police inspector Escherich (Brühl), who catches flak from his SS superiors for his failure to snuff out this embarrassing counter-propaganda. Gleeson and Thompson probably haven't given a single bad performance between them, and they do better than speak English with German accents — they share a bond steeped in grief and moral conviction, and a mutual willingness to skip to the death-do-us-part vow sooner than expected. But Alone in Berlin only quickens the pulse when the drama shifts to Brühl's riveting work as Escherich, a professional who obsesses over triangulating his suspects' location, but runs up against seething Nazi officers who want someone — anyone — to pay for defying the Führer. He has to fall to line, too, when just doing the work isn't enough. The dynamic between the Quangels and their half-sympathetic investigator recalls The Lives of Others, the superb 2006 German thriller about an East German couple monitored by the Stasi in the mid-1980s. The analogy isn't perfect — not all flavors of German oppression are the same — but Alone in Berlin conspicuously misses the suspicion and dread that fog everyday life under an oppressive regime. Perez's Berlin is too art-house-handsome, too committed to the look and feel of conventionally well-appointed historical drama. Just a scintilla of the Quangels' audacity would have gone a long way | NPR's Sacha Pfeiffer speaks with Steve Brenner and Linda Martinez, owners of the Beehive Hostel in Rome, about how the EU's ban on American travelers is impacting their business this summer. | eng_Latn | 15,353 |
Germany - Foreign Minister | NPR's Guy Raz reports from Berlin that German foreign minister Joschka Fischer was in parliament today, defending himself in the face of calls by some opposition members for his resignation. Last week, a news magazine published photos of Fischer as a nineteen seventies street radical, beating a policeman. Yesterday, he was called as a character witness in the trial of a former comrade, accused in a terrorist attack. Today, in parliament, Fischer again admitted he had once beaten a policeman, but said he took responsibility for his actions. Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder cancelled appointments to come to his foreign minister's defense. | Ah, the joys and challenges of polyglot music making! Martin talks to Justus Frantz, music director of the Mont Blanc Philharmonia of the Nations about melding young players from 40 different countries into one voice. | eng_Latn | 15,354 |
A Zeal For Change, Raging Out Of Control | Youthful idealism turns to indiscriminate fury in The Baader Meinhof Complex, a movie that will divide audiences — and not just along political lines. True, left-leaning viewers are more likely to sympathize with Germany's Red Army Faction, also known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang. But there's another likely split: between people seeing their first movie about the group and those who have followed German cinema's obsession with Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof and Gudrun Ensslin. The latest film on the subject — and one of the five nominees for 2009's foreign-film Oscar — director Uli Edel's The Baader Meinhof Complex powerfully evokes the 1960s and '70s, when radical youths scourged the U.S., Europe and Japan. But as its protagonists' goals become less coherent, the movie itself likewise loses focus. German directors have produced a dozen or more movies about the Baader-Meinhof Gang, including documentaries, fictions and docudramas that — like Udel's — follow the facts as closely as possible. Each film recounts pieces of the same story, which begins in 1967 with, oddly, the Shah of Iran. The dictator's visit to Germany sparks street protests and an open letter from journalist Meinhof (The Lives of Others' Martina Gedeck). The demonstrators are fiercely repressed, and one is shot by a plainclothes policeman. The official brutality prompts fears that West Germany is returning to Nazi-style totalitarianism. Political ferment coincides with personal turmoil: Meinhof leaves her adulterous husband, taking their two young daughters. Ensslin (Johanna Wokalek) flees the home of her father, a conservative Lutheran pastor. And Baader (Run Lola Run's Moritz Bleibtreu) is arrested for placing bombs in department stores, designed to detonate after-hours as a rebuke to consumer capitalism. (Also, it seems, because he just likes to mess things up.) The Baader-Meinhof connection is made when the journalist schedules an interview with the bomber that's actually the pretext for a prison break. Meinhof then joins Baader's band in Jordan to "train" with the Palestine Liberation Organization. The German radicals like to fire machine guns and sunbathe in the nude, to the astonishment of their Muslim hosts. It's Ensslin who is Baader's true partner; his lover and his equal in ideological severity. Meinhof has growing doubts about the group, but can't simply return to her old life. As the bombings, kidnappings and bank robberies mount, police investigator Horst Herold methodically tracks Baader and his cohorts. (Herold is played by Bruno Ganz, a star of the 1970s New German Cinema that was part of the same youth culture that yielded the RAF.) While 2002's Baader ended with its title character's death in a fictional shootout, The Baader Meinhof Complex spends its overlong final section observing the RAF members on trial and in prison. Their solidarity is tested, as is the viewer's patience. When the inmates die — officially suicides, but perhaps murder victims — the movie doesn't attempt a definitive judgment. Bernd (Downfall) Eichinger's script includes some interesting details, mostly derived from a book by reporter Stefan Aust, a friend of Meinhof's. The movie reveals, for example, how Aust rescued Meinhof's daughters from an unpleasant, if politically correct, fate. Yet such minutiae will appeal principally to those who've seen previous films about the RAF. For first timers, The Baader Meinhof Complex offers both too much and too little. Using newsreel footage and Anglo-American rock, the movie conjures up the heady feel of the late '60s, when revolution and adolescent ebullience seemed interchangeable. But it doesn't begin to explain how Baader and his cohorts came to act just as violently as the regimes they condemned. | I'm having hearing issues this week (why I was checking out doctor's waiting rooms earlier this week), so forgive me if I am wrong but I think I just heard Joe Scarborough on his show say that he might switch parties too if he were still a working pol, the party being so lost and all (my words, not his). Even if I misheard Joe I don't doubt there are some thinking that. That neither party really has that vision thing — and the GOP especially — so it's all flexible. Well . . . or this is a great opportunity for real grounded leaders who know who they are. The problem right now is the guys up front may not be real grounded leaders who know who they are. The real grounded leaders who know who they are might not have the ambition or we don't know their names because they are doing real work on the ground in the states, in business . . . making real legitmate livings and raising families. But we better hope we see them soon. And I don't doubt we will. Put another way, we need more partisanship, not less. We need real idea battles from people who have gotten their hands dirty being conservatives in real life. Not just in rhetoric and the theoretical (though these things help, too.) Reagan, ultimately, made sure he had both — striking up a mentee/mentor frienship with WFB, for big instance. | eng_Latn | 15,355 |
The Fall of the Berlin Wall | Commentator Dinesh D'Souza postulates on the reason for the fall of Communism. He credits the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev, Margaret Thatcher, and Ronald Reagan. | Fresh Air Weekend highlights some of the best interviews and reviews from past weeks, and new program elements specially paced for weekends. Our weekend show emphasizes interviews with writers, filmmakers, actors, and musicians, and often includes excerpts from live in-studio concerts. This week: From Walter White To LBJ, Bryan Cranston Is A Master Of Transformation: While Breaking Bad fans were watching him portray Walt in the series' final episodes, Cranston was already reinventing himself — playing Lyndon B. Johnson in the play All the Way. 'Redeployment' Explores Iraq War's Physical And Psychic Costs: In his short story collection, former Marine Phil Klay takes his experience in Iraq and clarifies it, lucidly tracing the moral, political and psychological curlicues of Operation Iraqi Freedom. New Yorker Cartoon Editor Explores What Makes Us Get It: Humor is both a creative and a cognitive process, says Bob Mankoff, who has contributed cartoons to The New Yorker since 1977. His memoir is called How About Never — Is Never Good For You? You can listen to the original interviews here: From Walter White To LBJ, Bryan Cranston Is A Master Of Transformation 'Redeployment' Explores Iraq War's Physical And Psychic Costs New Yorker Cartoon Editor Explores What Makes Us Get It | eng_Latn | 15,356 |
Minaj has been accused of blatantly using Nazi imagery in the newly released video for her song Only .
Animated video features Minaj as a dictator and is clearly inspired by the black and white Nazi-propaganda films of German director Leni Riefenstahl .
An army of soldiers wear red armbands reminiscent of those worn by the Nazis, while large red banner flags appear with a swastika-like symbol .
'Hey @NickiMinaj thanks for the blatant Nazi imagery in your new video! really great allusion to persecution & genocide,' read one tweet . | Rapper Nicki Minaj has been accused of blatantly using Nazi imagery and ‘glorifying Hitler’ in the newly released video for her song Only . Rapper Nicki Minaj has been accused of blatantly using Nazi imagery and ‘glorifying Hitler’ in the newly released video for her song Only, which also features Chris Brown, Drake and Lil Wayne. The animated video, which features Minaj as a dictator, is clearly inspired by the black and white Nazi-propaganda films of German director Leni Riefenstahl. An army of soldiers wear red armbands reminiscent of those worn by the Nazis, while large red banner flags appear with an overlapping Y-M symbol in a design eerily similar to a swastika. YM stands for Young Money, the record label founded by rapper Lil Wayne, who appears in the video as industrialist Henry Ford, along with Drake who appears as the pope, while Chris Brown appears as a military leader. 'Hey @NickiMinaj thanks for the blatant Nazi imagery in your new video! really great allusion to persecution & genocide' tweeted Melissa Morgan. On Reddit, was video was discussion is length under the heading 'The new Nicki Minaj video Only is glorifying Nazism and Hitler'. Other criticism on Twitter was directed at Drake, who is half Jewish. ‘Drake I don’t get how you’re Jewish participating in a video that is clearly mimicking Nazi propaganda like are you dumb or do u not care?,’ someone tweeted. Scroll down for video . Minaj isn't the first musician to have flaunted with Nazi imagery, but while others such as Pink Floyd can claim to have been making a political statement, the rapper appears to be using comparisons to Hitler's regime as a compliment. Minaj, who hosted the MTV Europe Music Awards in Glasgow, Scotland on Sunday evening, has yet to respond to the criticism. The animated video features Minaj as a dictator, rapper Lil Wayne as industrialist Henry Ford, Drake as The Pope and Chris Brown as a military leader . The video is clearly inspired by the black and white Nazi-propaganda films of German director Leni Riefenstahl . An army of soldiers wear red armbands reminiscent of those worn by the Nazis, while large red banner flags appear with an overlapping Y-M symbol in a design eerily similar to a swastika . Minaj isn't the first musician to have flaunted with Nazi imagery, but while others such as Pink Floyd can claim to have been making a political statement, the rapper appears to be using comparisons to Hitler's regime as a compliment . | Experts have discovered that this dove grey suit was once worn by notorious Nazi leader Hermann Goering. They used sweat stains on the uniform to link it to the overweight German commander and it is now expected to fetch £85,000 when it goes under the hammer in Plymouth, Devon. Goering, who founded the Gestapo and was commander of the German air force, was well known for being overweight and as a result the suit shows the strain of being worn by the large officer. It was originally believed to be a replica, but the careful examination of the sweat blemishes and fraying on the buttons and buckles led experts to believe it had been worn. The dove grey suit made by a Viennese tailor that was once worn by ruthless Nazi commander Hermann Goering . Hermann Goering, pictured in his full military dress during World War Two, favoured a dove grey suit . John Cabello, owner of Devon-Parade Antiques, where the uniform is being sold, said the wear and tear on the uniform helped them identify Goering as its original owner. He said: 'Goering was hugely overweight and had a tendency to sweat a lot, that would explain the profusion of sweat in the tunic. 'The stress levels on the tunic's folds coupled with the strain on the broaches of the tunic show it was worn by someone overweight. 'This also proves it was worn for a long, long time by someone who was fat enough to cause it to stretch and wear over a period of time. 'He also had a habit when he used to walk around talking to people of putting his left hand into his left pocket. Because of this the wear on the left pocket is substantially more than the right.' The outfit was made by the Viennese tailor, Tiller, who was known to have made uniforms for the Nazis during the war. Stress levels on the tunic's folds coupled with the strain on the broaches of the tunic show it was worn by someone overweight . The uniform was believed to have been liberated by the Americans before it found its way into a collection in Switzerland . The outfit was made by the Viennese tailor, Tiller, who was known to have made uniforms for the Nazis during the war . Although the tailoring of dove grey blue ensemble is very good, the materials used are of remarkably lower quality when compared to the uniforms worn by Nazi officers at the beginning of the war. Mr Cabello, from Plymouth, Devon, said: 'As the war progressed, it got harder to get materials and quality everywhere went down. 'There was also an effort by Goering to appear less grand during the latter part of the war. This is because as he was going around meeting the population, if he looks like he is living in opulence when they are in poverty it would not go down well.' Goering, pictured above, saw himself as Hitler's successor and was known to have been ill for much of the war . Air Force chief Hermann Goering pictured with Adolf Hitler by the Nazi leader's train during the war . Mr Cabello bought the uniform at auction from a private museum in Switzerland, and at the time it was believed to have been a copy of Goering's uniform that would have been used only as a display model and not actually worn by Goering. It was not until Mr Cabello began looking at the tunic and trousers in detail that he realised there were too many aspects of the uniform that could only have been caused by being worn by the Nazi himself. The son of a judge Hermann Goering was born in Germany in 1893. He fought in the air force during World War One and at the end of the conflict was recognised as a hero. Goering became a leading figure in the Nazi party and was awarded a high position in Hitler's Government after he became Chancellor in 1933. He went on to play a key role in establishing the Gestapo and created early concentration camps for political opponents of Hitler. In 1935 he became commander in chief of the luftwaffe and held the post until the final days of the war. After learning that Hitler intended to commit suicide in 1945 he sent Hitler a telegram asking if he could assume control after his death. He was removed from his position, expelled from the party and arrested. Goering was indicted by the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg in 1946. Goering was found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death by hanging. Ahead of his execution he took cyanide and died. Mr Cabello said: 'We had it looked at by several people who deal in uniforms and the general consensus is the fact that it is old and has definitely been worn. 'We don't know the origin of the uniform. We assume it was liberated by the Americans and the local population and found its way into a collection in Switzerland.' The uniform is being sold as a set which includes the original tunic, trousers and braces worn by Goering as well as a replica peaked cap and an original Nazi general's belt that would not have been owned by the Nazi commander. It is being sold by Parade Antiques in Plymouth, Devon . An overweight Hermann Goering, in one of his grander suits, arriving at the Bayreuth Festival with Frau Winifred Wagner . Hermann Goering standing in the dock during the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial in November 1945 . | eng_Latn | 15,357 |
In what film did Spielberg address terrorism? | In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's List), the transatlantic slave trade (in Amistad), war (in Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse and Bridge of Spies) and terrorism (in Munich). His other films include Close Encounters of the Third Kind, the Indiana Jones film series, and A.I. Artificial Intelligence. | In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: | eng_Latn | 15,358 |
This pop artist's 1974 film "Dracula" was actually directed by Paul Morrissey | Blood for Dracula (1974) | Classic-Horror.com Oct 22, 2006 ... Dracula, long the enemy of Victorian standards, needed to be updated ... Leave it to pop artist/film producer Andy Warhol and director Paul Morrissey to do .... However, behind the goofiness lies the heart of a film that actually... | King Michael's Coup - Wikipedia King Michael in 1947. King Michael's Coup was a coup d'tat led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on ... an agreement with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin on how to split up Eastern Europe in spheres of influence after the war. | eng_Latn | 15,359 |
In it, Paul Reubens' alter ego joins the circus | Pee-wee's Big Comeback - The New York Times Feb 10, 2016 ... Paul Reubens's subversive alter ego returns ... he created Pee-wee Herman, his indelible comic alter-ego; through the Burbank ..... Last July, Reubens joined Lee and his editor, Jeff Buchanan, to fine-tune .... In addition to school musicals, Reubens performed in local theater, studied trapeze at circus camp,... | 2016 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN | Bureaucracybuster's Blog After all, Gaius Gracchus, the leader of the Roman Senate, hates Crassus, and stands .... On July 20, 1944, Colonel Claus Shenk von Stauffenberg appeared at ... Standing before a makeshift firing squad at midnight, he cried: Long live our ... The other Republican candidates watched him with envyand tried to out-do his... | eng_Latn | 15,360 |
Colloquial term for German mercenaries who served with the British | Hessian (soldier) - Wikipedia Hessians /hn/ is the term given to the 18th century German auxiliaries contracted for ... About 30,000 German soldiers fought for the British during the American Revolutionary .... In the 2013-present TV show Sleepy Hollow, a battalion of Hessian mercenaries served the British Empire, as well as the demon Moloch. | Final Jeopardy: Major League Baseball Fikkle Fame Jul 30, 2015 ... The Polizei Pistole Kurz model was often used very effectively by this literary character introduced in 1953. show. WHO IS JAMES BOND? | eng_Latn | 15,361 |
Because he said "Ich bin ein Berliner", not "Ich bin Berliner", it could have meant "I am a doughnut" | Ich bin ein Berliner (I am a doughnut). JFK should have researched ... In response to No, Kennedy did not say he was a donut. He... Ich bin Berliner means I am from Berlin. Because he translated it literally it didn't mean what he intended. ... In response to Ich bin Berliner means I am from Berlin... still...if he would have said he was a doughnut he would have said, Ich bin ein donut, or ich bin... | ICONOGRAPHY (Part 1): Ideas, Images, and Individuals in Film ... Josephine Baker (1906-1975), was born in St. Louis, Missouri, began work young and also married ... Princess Tam-Tam (1935), directed by Edmond Greville, is about a ... She returned to France, and participated in the Resistance against the Nazis, .... About the film Boesman and Lena, starring Angela Bassett and Danny... | eng_Latn | 15,362 |
In a play by Karl Schonherr, a man who plays this role in a passion play becomes a betrayer in real life, too | Jeopary Questions page 1055 - 1812 - TriviaBistro.com "IN" THE BEGINNING: One life in a series of lives BIRTHSTONES: At 563 carats, the Star .... THEATRE: In a play by Karl Schonherr, a man who plays this role in a passion play becomes a betrayer in real life, too DORM LIFE: You're all set to... | Alger Hiss, 92, Central Figure in Long-Running Cold War Controversy Nov 16, 1996 ... Alger Hiss, 92, Central Figure in Long-Running Cold War Controversy ... Hiss was accused in 1948 of having been a Communist spy while working in the State ... Whittaker Chambers, a Time magazine editor and onetime Soviet agent. ... As Chambers himself once put it, the case became "a permanent war. | eng_Latn | 15,363 |
Born in Germany in 1879, he became a Swiss citizen around the turn of the century & a U.S. citizen in 1940 | Prominent Refugees | Refugees who have made a difference Passionate, tragic, melancholic and patriotic, the great 19th-century composer ... She began touring the world giving concerts, adding to her 1940s repertoire of ... In her memoirs she stated: "I was born a German and shall always remain one. ... He became a citizen of the United States, but retained Swiss citizenship. | Al Lewis, 95, Dies; Portrayed Grandpa on 'The Munsters' - The New ... Feb 5, 2006 ... Mr. Lewis was born Alexander Meister in upstate Wolcott before his family moved ... Mr. Lewis, as Officer Leo Schnauzer, played opposite Mr. Gwynne's Officer ... a comedy about a Bronx police precinct that was broadcast from 1961-63. One year later, the duo appeared together in "The Munsters," taking up... | eng_Latn | 15,364 |
What does OSP stand for? | Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often nickel plated then gold plated. Another coating consideration is rapid diffusion of coating metal into Tin solder. Tin forms intermetallics such as Cu5Sn6 and Ag3Cu that dissolve into the Tin liquidus or solidus(@50C), stripping surface coating or leaving voids. | The two travel to the hotel and discover White's secret room where they find co-ordinates pointing to Oberhauser's operations base in the desert. They travel by train to the nearest station, but are once again confronted by Hinx; they engage in a fight throughout the train in which Mr Hinx is eventually thrown off the train by Bond with Swann's assistance. After arriving at the station, Bond and Swann are escorted to Oberhauser's base. There, he reveals that Spectre has been staging terrorist attacks around the world, creating a need for the Nine Eyes programme. In return Spectre will be given unlimited access to intelligence gathered by Nine Eyes. Bond is tortured as Oberhauser discusses their shared history: after the younger Bond was orphaned, Oberhauser's father, Hannes, became his temporary guardian. Believing that Bond supplanted his role as son, Oberhauser killed his father and staged his own death, subsequently adopting the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld and going on to form Spectre. Bond and Swann escape, destroying the base in the process, leaving Blofeld to apparently die during the explosion. | eng_Latn | 15,365 |
Hindenburg rejected Adolf Hitler's claim to power, pushing for democracy .
He recorded feelings in will, drafted by Fritz Günther von Tschirschky .
But Hitler demanded to see will before it was published and destroyed it .
Hindenburg hated Hitler, despite making him German Chancellor in 1933 .
It was intended as a 'bomb timed to go off posthumously' and derail Hitler . | By . Matt Blake . The Second World War could have been prevented by a single document... but Hitler destroyed it before it was made public, MI5 secret files have revealed. The last will and testament of Baron Paul von Hindenburg, Germany's president until his death in 1934, rejected Adolf Hitler's claim to the Reichstag and urged the nation to embrace democracy. Such was the respect that Germany's political class had for Hindenburg, his dissent from beyond the grave would surely have been heard and may well have obstructed Hitler's rise to power, prevented war and changed the course of history, reported The Times. Mistrust: The last will and testament of Baron Paul von Hindenburg (left), Germany's president until his death in 1934, rejected Adolf Hitler's claim to the Reichstag and urged the nation to embrace democracy. But Hitler caught wind of the document and demanded it be brought to him before it was released. It was never seen again. The claims, part of a haul of secret MI5 documents declassified last month, were made by Baron Fritz Günther von Tschirschky und Boegendorff, an aristocratic diplomat and confident of Hindenburg who helped draft the will. The confidant: The claims, part of a haul of secret MI5 documents declassified last month, were made by Baron Fritz Günther von Tschirschky und Boegendorff, an aristocratic diplomat and confidant of Hindenburg who helped draft the will . Tschirschky claimed Hindenburg's will was a powerful attack on Hitler's ambition, declaring that the the army should be independent from parliament, that a constitutional monarchy should be established and that the legislative and executive branches of government should be separated. 'He said further that he wanted the . rights of parliament established under a two-tier system on democratic . lines, like that of Britain, and that he wanted all racial and religious . discrimination abolished,' Tschirschky told the Times in 1947. Hitler and hindenburg hated each other. Hindenburg . described his Chancellor as that 'Bohemian corporal', intentionally . confusing Hitler's birthplace of Braunau in Austria, with Braunau in . Bohemia. Despite . Hitler's repeated demands to be appointed as Chancellor, Hindenburg . repeatedly refused until finally being forced by the deteriorating . political stability of the Weimar Republic to grant the Nazi Party . leader his wish. His health failing, he issued a decree which . suspended various civil liberties before signing the Enabling . Act, giving Hitler's administration legislative powers. He . died the following year, after which Hitler declared the office of . President vacant and, as 'Führer und Reichskanzler', made himself head . of state. Best of enemies: Hindenburg (left) described his Chancellor as that 'Bohemian corporal', intentionally confusing Hitler's birthplace of Braunau in Austria, with Braunau in Bohemia . But instead of sacking Hitler and . declaring martial law, Hindenburg drew up a will - a 'bomb timed to go . off posthumously and blow Hitler off course', wrote historian Ben . Macintyre in The Times. Before becoming Germany's president in 1925, Baron Paul von Hindenburg was a highly-decorated Prussian-German field marshal. He first came under the national spotlight when, at the age of 66, he won the decisive Battle of Tannenberg, almost completely destroying the Russian Second Army in August 1914. Becoming Chief of the General Staff in 1916, he quickly rose in the German public's esteem ultimately gaining more influence in Germany than the Kaiser himself. Retiring in 1919, he returned to public life in 1925, surfing his wave of popularity to become president. But the rise of the National Socialist Party made Adolf Hitler impossible to ignore. Hindenburg described his Chancellor as that 'Bohemian corporal', intentionally confusing Hitler's birthplace of Braunau in Austria, with Braunau in Bohemia. Despite his repeated attempts to spurn Hitler's advances on the office of Chancellor, the deteriorating political stability of the Weimar Republic coupled with the rise in popularity enjoyed by the Nazi Party forced Hindenburg to give in. He appointed Hitler as German Chancellor in January 1933. In February, he issued a decree which suspended various civil liberties before signing the Enabling Act a month later, giving Hitler legislative powers. He died the following year, after which Hitler declared the office of President vacant and, as 'Führer und Reichskanzler', made himself head of state. Within . hours of Hindenburg's death on August 2 1934, Hitler announced the . offices of Chancellor and President would merge under his rule as . supreme Fuhrer. A vote was called to let the German people express their view of Hitler's unprecedented move to become head of government and head of state. But as soon as he heard about the will, Hitler reportedly ordered his henchmen 'to ensure that this document comes into my possession as soon as possible'. Colonel Oskar von Hindenburg, son of the late President but a loyal Nazi, duly handed it over. It was never seen again. Instead, just before the vote, the Nazis published Hindenburg's 'political testament' - a glowing endorsement of Hitler and his political goals. Many historians believe it was a forgery. Four days later, 38 million voters supported Hitlars coup. Five million people rejected it. the next day, the Nazis made every member of the German army swear an obligatory oath of allegiance. Baron Tschirschky insisted: 'Hitler . would never have come into power, and there would have been no war, if . the wishes of Hindenburg had been known to the German people.' 'We . tend to see history in terms of unstoppable forces, great movements of . economics or ideology that dwarf individual choice and volition,' wrote Macintyre. 'But small things also change history — the whistle-blower, the resister, the single, history-defining document.' While Hitler must have destroyed the document he was given, two drafts survived. Nazi agents tracked the first down to a bank account in Switzerland and destroyed it. The other was kept by Tschirschky. But just before Tschirschky, a staunch opponent of Nazism, defected to Britain to spend the rest of the war in an internment camp, he said he burned his copy - the last written testament to Hindenburg's true feelings about Hitler and the future of Germany. | Two brothers who found the remains of the plane flown by their grandfather in the First World War have spent 12 years restoring it to working order. David and Rick Bremner from Milson, Shropshire, have scoured the globe looking for parts to rebuild the Bristol Scout Type-C plane once piloted by their grandfather, Francis Donald Holden Bremner. The pair have spent out over £100,000 since they found three small parts in his shed following his death in 1983 and have finally completed the reconstruction this week. The rebuilt Bristol Scout Type C airfcraft, which was flown between 1914 and 1916 by David and Rick Bremner's grandfather Francis . Their grandfather Francis Donald Holden Bremner in Thasos in 1916 with one of the seven Bristol Scout Type C biplane he flew . Flight sub-lieutenant Francis Donald Holden Bremner (left), in 1915, and his grandson David Bremner (right), 63, who took on the task . Flight Sub Lieutenant Bremner had flown the plane between 1914 and 1918 while serving with the Royal Naval Air Service during the Gallipoli campaign. On his return from battle the war hero had always told his family he would like to see the aircraft take to the skies once again. To honour their late grandfather's wishes David, 63, and Rick, 61, along with friend and amateur pilot Theo Willford, 66, began looking for the other components that would complete the aircraft. Starting with just a joystick, rudder bar and magneto - an electrical generator which uses magnets - found in the shed the trio have travelled the world looking for the rest of the parts - many no longer in existence - including the engine, which was purchased in New Zealand. After a staggering 10,000 hours of building the plane from scratch, this week they put the final touches to the aircraft, which has a wingspan of 24ft and is 20ft in length. It is due to take the skies in spring next year and the trio plan to fly it over the River Somme on July 1, 2016, marking exactly 100 years since the fateful day in 1916 when almost 20,000 British soldiers lost their lives in France. Rick Bremner (left), friend Theo Willford (centre) and David Bremner (right) spent 12 years rebuilding the First World War fighter plane . Theo Willford lays out the wing structure during its restoration (left) and the grip of the plane's joystick which had to be repaired (right) Some of the plane's original parts, including the stick, rubber and magneto (left), which David (right) found after his grandfather's death . The trio are celebrating this week after completing the restoration of the plane and plan to take it to the skies for the first time in spring . It will be the only flyable Bristol Scout Type-C anywhere in the world when it finally takes off. David, who works as a mechanical engineer and is chairman of the British Microlight Aircraft Association, said he believed his grandfather would be proud. He said: 'We grew up less than 10 miles from my grandfather in Kent so we heard all his war stories. 'Although he talked about flying a lot he had never mentioned keeping these parts before. 'When we found them we knew they belonged to his favourite plane because the magneto was made by Bosch, the German company. 'Back in those days it was very hard to get German parts obviously, but my grandfather had told us the story of how he traded a few bombs and some food to a French base in return for the Bosch magneto. 'So these parts came from that plane and it would make sense that he would keep hold of them because it was his favourite aircraft he had flown. 'He said one day he would like to see it fly again over British skies.' The brother's have spent over £10,000 on the plane and wanted to rebuilt it as a tribute to their grandfather who died in 1983 . The aircraft will be the only flyable Bristol Scout Type-C anywhere in the world when it finally takes off. David is pictured with his wife Susan Bremner and the plane, which he says his grandfather would have been 'proud' of . These three pieces of the plane were discovered when David and his father, Ian, 91, were clearing out Francis' workshop, following his death in 1983. They quickly realised they had found the part which provides a spark for the engine, from the pilot's beloved No.1264 aircraft. But it was not until Mr Willford, a fellow amateur pilot, encouraged the family to start rebuilding the plane that the project came about. In 2002, the trio began researching where they could find appropriate parts to start rebuilding the plane before work began in 2010. David, a grandfather-of-two, added: 'We had the parts for years and had the idea in the back of our minds that one day we would try to rebuild the plane. 'But it was Theo who actually got us to make a start. 'We started researching what the plane would look like and because the parts don't exist anymore we had to plan what replacements we could still get now. 'The three original bits we had only probably made up about two per cent of the whole thing, so there was so much left to do. 'The only thing we didn't make ourselves was the engine, which we got from a New Zealand-based company and it's is an actual 1917 engine in a beautiful condition. One of the Bristol Scouts crashed on the island of Imbros in Turkey, which is now officially known as Gökçeada, in March 1916 . 'The aircraft is pretty much finished now apart from the petrol tank and the fabric covering the fuselage. 'Rick and I live in Shropshire but Theo lives in Dorset, so we took small things down to him and then brought them back in a trailer when he was working on it. 'I think our grandfather would be proud of us re-building his favourite plane, but he'd probably say we've spent far too much time and money on it as well.' Sub-lieutenant Holden, nicknamed 'Bunnie' because he was always twitching his nose, was in active service between, throughout the whole of the First World War. After the war he worked as a patents engineer in Brasted, Kent and lived with his wife Vivyen, and two sons, Christopher, and Ian - Rick and David's father. During 1916, Officer Holden had been stationed on the islands of Imbros and Thasos in the Aegean Sea as part of the Royal Naval Air Service, and flew seven Bristol Scout Type-C planes. His favourite plane of the seven had Serial No. 1264 and he kept three small parts of that aircraft in his workshop until he died aged 89. Rick, a builder and father-of-two from Tenbury Wells, added: 'It's been a huge privilege to be part of this project. It's just fantastic. 'We all just wish my grandfather was here to answer a lot of questions we have about details of the plane, because he could have told us straight away. 'We have old photos of what the plane should look like, but when you try to zoom in to look a specific details, it's too grainy to make out. 'But fortunately we got there in the end - its been a long old labour of love but it's been worth it. 'I think its a fitting tribute to my grandad and other British pilots who battled so valiantly for us during the Great War.' Flight sub-lieutenant Francis Bremner, nicknamed 'Bunnie' can be seen in the seat of the Bristol Scout on Thasos, Greece, in June 1916 . This is the map that Francis Bremner used to fly 89 miles across water from Imbors to Thasos. Most if it was out of sight with no radio and an unreliable compass . The Bristol Scout was a single-engine, single-seat fighter intended to supply ground commanders with an advantageous 'eye in the sky'. The initial prototype, Scout A, was unveiled in 1913 with a top speed of 100 miles per hour, a service ceiling of 14,000 feet and an endurance of 2.5 hours. Its design was regarded as very streamlined and consisted of a well-contoured fuselage with the single rotary piston engine set to the front and a conventional tail to the rear. The engine powered a two-bladed wooden propeller and the open air cockpit was held just under and aft of the upper wing assembly with generally adequate views. The Scout B was established as an early militarised form and led to the development of the Scout C – which was the one flown by the Bremner's grandfather. Type C aircraft was first ordered by the British government on November 5, 1914, in a 12 aircraft production batch for the Royal Flying Corps. In was later commissioned by the competing Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in a 24-aircraft batch and its first combat was in February 1915. It was armed with a standardised mounting and a 7.7mm Lewis machine gun along the left side of the fuselage away from the spinning propeller arc. Some were also finished with their guns fielded across the upper wing assembly. Its targets ranged from enemy aircraft (patrol, escort, interception), bombers, observation balloons, ground-based 'targets of opportunity' and even Zeppelins, which regularly patrolled airspaces. The C type Scout was followed by Scout D in November 1915, when 210 aircraft were produced. Source: Military Factory . | eng_Latn | 15,366 |
How do the Americans view German people? | How do Americans view German people? | What was Joseph Mengele like? | eng_Latn | 15,367 |
W. Germany Social Revolution | NPR's Edward Lifson reports on the ongoing repercussions of the 1968 social revolution in West Germany, which brought the nation the women's movement, a more democratic university system, less formality in the workplace and new grass roots movements. | The 'WTF' podcast host and comedian shares his experience interviewing the President in his garage. We remember composer Gunther Schuller with his 1988 interview. | eng_Latn | 15,368 |
What should German Chancellor do to make himself dictator? | What should a German Chancellor do to make himself a dictator? | What do you think would be the worst thing that can happen if Trump is elected as president? | eng_Latn | 15,369 |
Did rising efficiency in production and communication lower or raise the prices of consumer goods? | The context for the rise of the public sphere was the economic and social change commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution: "economic expansion, increasing urbanization, rising population and improving communications in comparison to the stagnation of the previous century"." Rising efficiency in production techniques and communication lowered the prices of consumer goods and increased the amount and variety of goods available to consumers (including the literature essential to the public sphere). Meanwhile, the colonial experience (most European states had colonial empires in the 18th century) began to expose European society to extremely heterogeneous cultures, leading to the breaking down of "barriers between cultural systems, religious divides, gender differences and geographical areas". | Dismayed to find that groundbreaking work had already been undertaken by Helmholtz who had conveyed vowel sounds by means of a similar tuning fork "contraption", he pored over the German scientist's book. Working from his own erroneous mistranslation of a French edition, Bell fortuitously then made a deduction that would be the underpinning of all his future work on transmitting sound, reporting: "Without knowing much about the subject, it seemed to me that if vowel sounds could be produced by electrical means, so could consonants, so could articulate speech." He also later remarked: "I thought that Helmholtz had done it ... and that my failure was due only to my ignorance of electricity. It was a valuable blunder ... If I had been able to read German in those days, I might never have commenced my experiments!"[N 7] | eng_Latn | 15,370 |
What must state parties to a treaty repeat to adopt a formal amendment to the treaty? | There are three ways an existing treaty can be amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can be long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only be bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also be amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may be adopted by a procès-verbal; but a procès-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,371 |
When did the Berlin Wall get torn down? | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Communist leadership being questioned and held accountable. This example fueled a limited experiment with democracy in Poland, which quickly led to the toppling of the Communist government in Warsaw that summer – which in turn sparked uprisings that overthrew communism in the other five Warsaw Pact countries before the end of 1989, the year the Berlin Wall fell. These events showed that the people of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union did not support Gorbachev's drive to modernize Communism; rather, they preferred to abandon it altogether. | After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers. They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components. With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948. Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949. The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53. | eng_Latn | 15,372 |
When did Brandenburg join the Fraunhofen Institute? | As a doctoral student at Germany's University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Karlheinz Brandenburg began working on digital music compression in the early 1980s, focusing on how people perceive music. He completed his doctoral work in 1989. MP3 is directly descended from OCF and PXFM, representing the outcome of the collaboration of Brandenburg—working as a postdoc at AT&T-Bell Labs with James D. Johnston ("JJ") of AT&T-Bell Labs—with the Fraunhofer Institut for Integrated Circuits, Erlangen, with relatively minor contributions from the MP2 branch of psychoacoustic sub-band coders. In 1990, Brandenburg became an assistant professor at Erlangen-Nuremberg. While there, he continued to work on music compression with scientists at the Fraunhofer Society (in 1993 he joined the staff of the Fraunhofer Institute). | Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies. | eng_Latn | 15,373 |
What happens to a molecule if an oscillation results in a dipole being changed? | Infrared vibrational spectroscopy (see also near-infrared spectroscopy) is a technique that can be used to identify molecules by analysis of their constituent bonds. Each chemical bond in a molecule vibrates at a frequency characteristic of that bond. A group of atoms in a molecule (e.g., CH2) may have multiple modes of oscillation caused by the stretching and bending motions of the group as a whole. If an oscillation leads to a change in dipole in the molecule then it will absorb a photon that has the same frequency. The vibrational frequencies of most molecules correspond to the frequencies of infrared light. Typically, the technique is used to study organic compounds using light radiation from 4000–400 cm−1, the mid-infrared. A spectrum of all the frequencies of absorption in a sample is recorded. This can be used to gain information about the sample composition in terms of chemical groups present and also its purity (for example, a wet sample will show a broad O-H absorption around 3200 cm−1). | Regarding the timing of German rapprochement, many historians agree that the dismissal of Maxim Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to "purge the ministry of Jews." Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany.[f] Likewise, Molotov's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the USSR was open to offers. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote that Litvinov's disappearance also meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov's "modus operandi" was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan." Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Foreign Minister Litvinov with Molotov on May 3, 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany, but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man, namely Molotov, to the Foreign Commissariat. Historian Albert Resis stated that the Litvinov dismissal gave the Soviets freedom to pursue faster-paced German negotiations, but that they did not abandon British–French talks. Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany. Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks, because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions. | eng_Latn | 15,374 |
What is the mentality of potential opponents also known as? | Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General Staff studies in those subjects fell by the wayside, and the Air Academies focused on tactics, technology, and operational planning, rather than on independent strategic air offensives. | The quick German victory over the French stunned neutral observers, many of whom had expected a French victory and most of whom had expected a long war. The strategic advantages possessed by the Germans were not appreciated outside Germany until after hostilities had ceased. Other countries quickly discerned the advantages given to the Germans by their military system, and adopted many of their innovations, particularly the General Staff, universal conscription and highly detailed mobilization systems. | eng_Latn | 15,375 |
What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Britain? | After the costly U.S. involvement in World War I, isolationism grew within the nation. Congress refused membership in the League of Nations, and in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia, the gradually more restrictive Neutrality Acts were passed, which were intended to prevent the U.S. from supporting either side in a war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to support Britain, however, and in 1940 signed the Lend-Lease Act, which permitted an expansion of the "cash and carry" arms trade to develop with Britain, which controlled the Atlantic sea lanes. | After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers. They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components. With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948. Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949. The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53. | eng_Latn | 15,376 |
What do the treaties defend against? | There are four categories of terra nullius, land that is unclaimed by any state: the small unclaimed territory of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, Antarctica, the oceans, and celestial bodies such as the Moon or Mars. In the last three of these, international treaties (the Antarctic Treaty, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Outer Space Treaty respectively) prevent colonization and potential statehood of any of these uninhabited (and, given current technology, not permanently inhabitable) territories. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,377 |
What type of American crews came down in China following the Doolittle raid? | During the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led into World War II, much of Zhejiang was occupied by Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China. Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The Imperial Japanese Army began the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign to intimidate the Chinese out of helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians while searching for Doolittle’s men. | After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers. They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components. With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948. Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949. The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53. | eng_Latn | 15,378 |
When did Schleiermacher publish his lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation"? | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. Schleiermacher favored the latter approach; he was motivated, however, not so much by a desire to embrace the foreign, as by a nationalist desire to oppose France's cultural domination and to promote German literature. | When it turned out that there would not be enough uranium-235 to make more than one bomb, the implosive lens project was greatly expanded and von Neumann's idea was implemented. Implosion was the only method that could be used with the plutonium-239 that was available from the Hanford Site. He established the design of the explosive lenses required, but there remained concerns about "edge effects" and imperfections in the explosives. His calculations showed that implosion would work if it did not depart by more than 5% from spherical symmetry. After a series of failed attempts with models, this was achieved by George Kistiakowsky, and the construction of the Trinity bomb was completed in July 1945. | eng_Latn | 15,379 |
How would you compare the rules of a treaty and a covenant under international law? | A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,380 |
This movie star reminded the World War II troops what they were fighting for | 10 Things You'd See In A WWII Military Office From 1941 Jan 7, 2016 ... If you stepped back into time and into a WWII military office, what would ... Wherever U.S. soldiers went, Old Spice followed. ... in order to raise morale and remind young men what they were fighting for. ... Movie stars smoked. | Jeopary Questions page 1520 - ASTRONOMY - TriviaBistro.com SPORTS PEOPLE: The career of this 1930s Norwegian figure skater was damaged by a photo of her shaking hands with Adolf Hitler ASTRONOMY: These... | eng_Latn | 15,381 |
Blitzkrieg! | Blitzkrieg - History Learning Site Blitzkrieg means lightning war. It was an innovative military technique first used by the Germans in World War Two and was a tactic based on speed and... | Gestalt psychology | Britannica.com Form and shape are the usual translations; in psychology the word is ... on apparent movement conducted in Frankfurt, Germany, with psychologists Wolfgang Khler and Kurt Koffka. ... This is usually called by its German name, gestalt. | deu_Latn | 15,382 |
The Munich Pact ceded the western part of Czechoslovakia, known as this, to Germany | Munich Agreement - Wikipedia The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of ... Part of the borderland was invaded and annexed by Poland. ... On 28 May, Hitler called a meeting of his service chiefs where he ordered an .... Britain and France demanded that Czechoslovakia cede to Germany all those... | Ask Me A Trivia Question -- 2 -- - Discussion on Topix Jul 24, 2012 ... This Ward Bond series started its trek in St. Joseph, Missouri & headed west to California. Would that be "Wagon Train"? Reply . Report Abuse... | eng_Latn | 15,383 |
This 20th century German wondered about the nature of being in works like "Being and Time" | Martin Heidegger | German philosopher | Britannica.com Apr 26, 2016 ... Despite its nearly impenetrable obscurity, the work earned ... Being and Time began with a traditional ontological question, which ... within Germany's largely illiberal professoriate in the early 20th century. ... In that text the worldly and practical involvements of Dasein seem like a dim and distant memory. | jeopardy/1058_Qs.txt at master jedoublen/jeopardy GitHub THE NEW YORK TIMES MOVIE REVIEWS | Vincent Canby said it's Woody Allen's "homage to Tolstoy, Kierkegaard, Einstein, Groucho Marx..." | Love and Death. | eng_Latn | 15,384 |
These German armored divisions consisted of 2 to 4 tank battalions | Panzer division - Wikipedia These first panzer divisions (1st through 5th) were composed of two tank regiments and one motorised infantry regiment of two battalions ... the German invasion of the Soviet Union, in 1941 the 21 panzer ... Each was now supposed to consist of two battalions (one Panzer IV, the other Panzer V). | Heritage History | Homeschool History Curriculum | Story of ... "We had long observed," it runs, "on the part of the Emperor of the French, the .... shown of another of the Emperor's principles, that "an army marches on its stomach." In the paragraph immediately following the one quoted above, Labaume... | eng_Latn | 15,385 |
What army were Korean men conscripted into? | During World War II, Japan used Korea's food, livestock, and metals for their war effort. Japanese forces in Korea increased from 46,000 soldiers in 1941 to 300,000 in 1945. Japanese Korea conscripted 2.6 million forced laborers controlled with a collaborationist Korean police force; some 723,000 people were sent to work in the overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan. By 1942, Korean men were being conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army. By January 1945, Koreans made up 32% of Japan's labor force. At the end of the war, other world powers did not recognize Japanese rule in Korea and Taiwan. | Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that integrated the regular army and the Landwehr reserves. The second was the provision for the conscription of every male Prussian of military age in the event of mobilization. Thus, despite the population of France being greater than the population of all of the German states that participated in the war, the Germans mobilized more soldiers for battle. | eng_Latn | 15,386 |
Were other mathematicians amazed by von Neumann? | Von Neumann's ability to instantaneously perform complex operations in his head stunned other mathematicians. Eugene Wigner wrote that, seeing von Neumann's mind at work, "one had the impression of a perfect instrument whose gears were machined to mesh accurately to a thousandth of an inch." Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring." Israel Halperin said: "Keeping up with him was ... impossible. The feeling was you were on a tricycle chasing a racing car." Edward Teller wrote that von Neumann effortlessly outdid anybody he ever met, and said "I never could keep up with him". Teller also said "von Neumann would carry on a conversation with my 3-year-old son, and the two of them would talk as equals, and I sometimes wondered if he used the same principle when he talked to the rest of us. Most people avoid thinking if they can, some of us are addicted to thinking, but von Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else." | Feynman alludes to his thoughts on the justification for getting involved in the Manhattan project in The Pleasure of Finding Things Out. He felt the possibility of Nazi Germany developing the bomb before the Allies was a compelling reason to help with its development for the U.S. He goes on to say that it was an error on his part not to reconsider the situation once Germany was defeated. In the same publication, Feynman also talks about his worries in the atomic bomb age, feeling for some considerable time that there was a high risk that the bomb would be used again soon, so that it was pointless to build for the future. Later he describes this period as a "depression". | eng_Latn | 15,387 |
What did Lecturer Polya think about von Nuemann? | Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim described von Neumann as the "fastest mind I ever met", and Jacob Bronowski wrote "He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius." George Pólya, whose lectures at ETH Zürich von Neumann attended as a student, said "Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of. If in the course of a lecture I stated an unsolved problem, the chances were he'd come to me at the end of the lecture with the complete solution scribbled on a slip of paper." Halmos recounts a story told by Nicholas Metropolis, concerning the speed of von Neumann's calculations, when somebody asked von Neumann to solve the famous fly puzzle: | The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century. | eng_Latn | 15,388 |
Eugen Bohm was friends with which of Hayek's grandfathers? | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known. | The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan." | eng_Latn | 15,389 |
Which type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and groups? | Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among persons and groups. Cultural anthropology is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts (how one's culture affects experience for self and group, contributing to more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to sociology and history. in that it helps develop understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations (such as minorities, subgroups, dissidents, etc.). There is no hard-and-fast distinction between them, and these categories overlap to a considerable degree. | In 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826–1905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind". He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); different cultures, or different "folk ideas" (Völkergedanken), are local modifications of the elementary ideas. This view paved the way for the modern understanding of culture. Franz Boas (1858–1942) was trained in this tradition, and he brought it with him when he left Germany for the United States. | eng_Latn | 15,390 |
What was the outcome of the meeting ? | Following Thein Sein's first ever visit to the UK and a meeting with Prime Minister David Cameron, the Myanmar president declared that all of his nation's political prisoners will be released by the end of 2013, in addition to a statement of support for the well-being of the Rohingya Muslim community. In a speech at Chatham House, he revealed that "We [Myanmar government] are reviewing all cases. I guarantee to you that by the end of this year, there will be no prisoners of conscience in Myanmar.", in addition to expressing a desire to strengthen links between the UK and Myanmar's military forces. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,391 |
What does the NSDAP stand for? | After 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP (Nazi party). A large Jewish population then existed in Hanover. In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland, including the Grynszpan family. However, Poland refused to accept them, leaving them stranded at the border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees, fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations. The Gryszpan's son Herschel Grynszpan was in Paris at the time. When he learned of what was happening, he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath, who died shortly afterwards. | In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was those chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. Neumann János became Margittai Neumann János (John Neumann of Marghita), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann. | eng_Latn | 15,392 |
What did Germany add to the 20 mm to make it more effective? | Rheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke and became the 2 cm FlaK 38. Nevertheless, while 20 mm was better than a machine gun and mounted on a very small trailer made it easy to move, its effectiveness was limited. Germany therefore added a 3.7 cm. The first, the 3.7 cm FlaK 18 developed by Rheinmetall in the early 1930s, was basically an enlarged 2 cm FlaK 30. It was introduced in 1935 and production stopped the following year. A redesigned gun 3.7 cm FlaK 36 entered service in 1938, it too had a two-wheel carriage. However, by the mid-1930s the Luftwaffe realised that there was still a coverage gap between 3.7 cm and 8.8 cm guns. They started development of a 5 cm gun on a four-wheel carriage. | In 1930 Thuringia was one of the free states where the Nazis gained real political power. Wilhelm Frick was appointed Minister of the Interior for the state of Thuringia after the Nazi Party won six delegates to the Thuringia Diet. In this position he removed from the Thuringia police force anyone he suspected of being a republican and replaced them with men who were favourable towards the Nazi Party. He also ensured that whenever an important position came up within Thuringia, he used his power to ensure that a Nazi was given that post. | eng_Latn | 15,393 |
What's the title of the fifth film in the Terminator franchise? | On May 20, 2011, Schwarzenegger's entertainment counsel announced that all movie projects currently in development were being halted: "Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines". On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film despite his legal problems. He appeared in The Expendables 2 (2012), and starred in The Last Stand (2013), his first leading role in 10 years, and Escape Plan (2013), his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone. He starred in Sabotage, released in March 2014, and appeared in The Expendables 3, released in August 2014. He starred in the fifth Terminator movie Terminator Genisys in 2015 and will reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,394 |
Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party? | In 2010 there was an attempt to register a 51st State Party with the New Zealand Electoral Commission. The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America. The party's secretary is Paulus Telfer, a former Christchurch mayoral candidate. On February 5, 2010, the party applied to register a logo with the Electoral Commission. The logo – a US flag with 51 stars – was rejected by the Electoral Commission on the grounds that it was likely to cause confusion or mislead electors. As of 2014[update], the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,395 |
How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg? | While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,396 |
Who is the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations? | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and political capacity. Kenneth Waltz, the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations, uses a set of five criteria to determine great power: population and territory; resource endowment; economic capability; political stability and competence; and military strength. These expanded criteria can be divided into three heads: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,397 |
Which jet engine did GE introduce in 1941? | GE's history of working with turbines in the power-generation field gave them the engineering know-how to move into the new field of aircraft turbosuperchargers.[citation needed] Led by Sanford Alexander Moss, GE introduced the first superchargers during World War I, and continued to develop them during the Interwar period. Superchargers became indispensable in the years immediately prior to World War II, and GE was the world leader in exhaust-driven supercharging when the war started. This experience, in turn, made GE a natural selection to develop the Whittle W.1 jet engine that was demonstrated in the United States in 1941. GE ranked ninth among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. Although their early work with Whittle's designs was later handed to Allison Engine Company, GE Aviation emerged as one of the world's largest engine manufacturers, second only to the British company, Rolls-Royce plc. | In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up with banners and slogans despite an official ban. On August 15, 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson. In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made, and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia's transition to autonomy. Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti ("A Self-Managing Estonia") became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means "miracle". On October 21, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia. For the first time in years, the blue, black, and white national tricolor was publicly displayed. | eng_Latn | 15,398 |
Who announced over the Radio that the president had been arrested? | By 26 March, the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult, and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement. That afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president, Moussa Traoré. As a consequence, opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum. | Dismayed to find that groundbreaking work had already been undertaken by Helmholtz who had conveyed vowel sounds by means of a similar tuning fork "contraption", he pored over the German scientist's book. Working from his own erroneous mistranslation of a French edition, Bell fortuitously then made a deduction that would be the underpinning of all his future work on transmitting sound, reporting: "Without knowing much about the subject, it seemed to me that if vowel sounds could be produced by electrical means, so could consonants, so could articulate speech." He also later remarked: "I thought that Helmholtz had done it ... and that my failure was due only to my ignorance of electricity. It was a valuable blunder ... If I had been able to read German in those days, I might never have commenced my experiments!"[N 7] | eng_Latn | 15,399 |
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