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The peace agreement was renamed what? | John met the rebel leaders at Runnymede, near Windsor Castle, on 15 June 1215. Langton's efforts at mediation created a charter capturing the proposed peace agreement; it was later renamed Magna Carta, or "Great Charter". The charter went beyond simply addressing specific baronial complaints, and formed a wider proposal for political reform, albeit one focusing on the rights of free men, not serfs and unfree labour. It promised the protection of church rights, protection from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, new taxation only with baronial consent and limitations on scutage and other feudal payments. A council of twenty-five barons would be created to monitor and ensure John's future adherence to the charter, whilst the rebel army would stand down and London would be surrendered to the king. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,400 |
Who was Otzi the Iceman? | In 1991 a mummy of a neolithic body, known as Ötzi the Iceman, was discovered by hikers on the Similaun glacier. His clothing and gear indicate that he lived in an alpine farming community, while the location and manner of his death - an arrowhead was discovered in his shoulder - suggests he was travelling from one place to another. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of Ötzi, has shown that he belongs to the K1 subclade which cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subclade. The new subclade has provisionally been named K1ö for Ötzi. | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies. | eng_Latn | 15,401 |
Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War? | At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect. | Edward Hallett Carr, a frequent defender of Soviet policy, stated: "In return for 'non-intervention' Stalin secured a breathing space of immunity from German attack."[page needed] According to Carr, the "bastion" created by means of the Pact, "was and could only be, a line of defense against potential German attack."[page needed] According to Carr, an important advantage was that "if Soviet Russia had eventually to fight Hitler, the Western Powers would already be involved."[page needed] However, during the last decades, this view has been disputed. Historian Werner Maser stated that "the claim that the Soviet Union was at the time threatened by Hitler, as Stalin supposed ... is a legend, to whose creators Stalin himself belonged. In Maser's view, "neither Germany nor Japan were in a situation [of] invading the USSR even with the least perspective [sic] of success," and this could not have been unknown to Stalin. Carr further stated that, for a long time, the primary motive of Stalin's sudden change of course was assumed to be the fear of German aggressive intentions. | eng_Latn | 15,402 |
Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force? | A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire. | After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers. They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components. With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948. Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949. The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53. | eng_Latn | 15,403 |
Where did the July 15, 2011 meeting take place? | On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities are directed at African leaders". That month, Amnesty International published their findings, in which they asserted that many of the accusations of mass human rights abuses made against Gaddafist forces lacked credible evidence, and were instead fabrications of the rebel forces which had been readily adopted by the western media. Amnesty International did however still accuse Gaddafi forces of numerous war crimes. On 15 July 2011, at a meeting in Istanbul, over 30 governments recognised the NTC as the legitimate government of Libya. Gaddafi responded to the announcement with a speech on Libyan national television, in which he called on supporters to "Trample on those recognitions, trample on them under your feet ... They are worthless". | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,404 |
When was Otzi the Iceman found? | In 1991 a mummy of a neolithic body, known as Ötzi the Iceman, was discovered by hikers on the Similaun glacier. His clothing and gear indicate that he lived in an alpine farming community, while the location and manner of his death - an arrowhead was discovered in his shoulder - suggests he was travelling from one place to another. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of Ötzi, has shown that he belongs to the K1 subclade which cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subclade. The new subclade has provisionally been named K1ö for Ötzi. | Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was supporting the creation of an independent Arab state. | eng_Latn | 15,405 |
What was an important fuel in the Second World War? | In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial economies of the Second World War, would net a positive result. However, the use of delayed-action bombs, while initially very effective, gradually had less impact, partly because they failed to detonate.[c] Moreover, the British had anticipated the change in strategy and dispersed its production facilities making them less vulnerable to a concentrated attack. Regional commissioners were given plenipotentiary powers to restore communications and organise the distribution of supplies to keep the war economy moving. | From April–July, Soviet and German officials made statements regarding the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, while no actual negotiations took place during that time period. The ensuing discussion of a potential political deal between Germany and the Soviet Union had to be channeled into the framework of economic negotiations between the two countries, because close military and diplomatic connections, as was the case before the mid-1930s, had afterward been largely severed. In May, Stalin replaced his Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov, who was regarded as pro-western and who was also Jewish, with Vyacheslav Molotov, allowing the Soviet Union more latitude in discussions with more parties, not only with Britain and France. | eng_Latn | 15,406 |
How was the Planck constant calculated in the early 20th century? | In principle, the Planck constant could be determined by examining the spectrum of a black-body radiator or the kinetic energy of photoelectrons, and this is how its value was first calculated in the early twentieth century. In practice, these are no longer the most accurate methods. The CODATA value quoted here is based on three watt-balance measurements of KJ2RK and one inter-laboratory determination of the molar volume of silicon, but is mostly determined by a 2007 watt-balance measurement made at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Five other measurements by three different methods were initially considered, but not included in the final refinement as they were too imprecise to affect the result. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,407 |
What was the Liberian flag and constitution modeled after? | The Republic of Liberia, beginning as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The United States did not recognize Liberia's independence until during the American Civil War on February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 1822 and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born Black Americans from United States and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans relocated to the settlement. The Black American settlers carried their culture with them to Liberia. The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after the United States. In January 3, 1848 Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy free-born Black American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected as Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,408 |
The German beacons used what frequency band? | German beacons operated on the medium-frequency band and the signals involved a two-letter Morse identifier followed by a lengthy time-lapse which enabled the Luftwaffe crews to determine the signal's bearing. The Meacon system involved separate locations for a receiver with a directional aerial and a transmitter. The receipt of the German signal by the receiver was duly passed to the transmitter, the signal to be repeated. The action did not guarantee automatic success. If the German bomber flew closer to its own beam than the Meacon then the former signal would come through the stronger on the direction finder. The reverse would apply only if the meacon were closer. | In the Midrash compilation, Genesis Rabbah, Rabbi Berechiah mentions Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah as German tribes or as German lands. It may correspond to a Greek word that may have existed in the Greek dialect of the Palestinian Jews, or the text is corrupted from "Germanica." This view of Berechiah is based on the Talmud (Yoma 10a; Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 71b), where Gomer, the father of Ashkenaz, is translated by Germamia, which evidently stands for Germany, and which was suggested by the similarity of the sound. | eng_Latn | 15,409 |
What was Spielberg's role on 'Batteries Not Included'? | In 1987, as China began opening to Western capital investment, Spielberg shot the first American film in Shanghai since the 1930s, an adaptation of J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun, starring John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale. The film garnered much praise from critics and was nominated for several Oscars, but did not yield substantial box office revenues. Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade. Spielberg was also a co-producer of the 1987 film *batteries not included. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,410 |
In what year was Eisenhower involved in an incident while flying? | Over New York City in 1953, Eastern Airlines Flight 8610, a commercial flight, had a near miss with Air Force Flight 8610, a Lockheed C-121 Constellation known as Columbine II, while the latter was carrying President Eisenhower. This prompted the adoption of the unique call sign Air Force One, to be used whenever the president is on board any US Air Force aircraft. Columbine II is the only presidential aircraft to have ever been sold to the public and is the only remaining presidential aircraft left unrestored and not on public display. | A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire. | eng_Latn | 15,411 |
What paradox did Sheptycki point out? | Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific cross-border locations in North America and Europe confirmed that low visibility of police information and intelligence sharing was a common feature (Alain, 2001). Intelligence-led policing is now common practice in most advanced countries (Ratcliffe, 2007) and it is likely that police intelligence sharing and information exchange has a common morphology around the world (Ratcliffe, 2007). James Sheptycki has analyzed the effects of the new information technologies on the organization of policing-intelligence and suggests that a number of 'organizational pathologies' have arisen that make the functioning of security-intelligence processes in transnational policing deeply problematic. He argues that transnational police information circuits help to "compose the panic scenes of the security-control society". The paradoxical effect is that, the harder policing agencies work to produce security, the greater are feelings of insecurity. | In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis. That version persisted, without exception, in historical studies, official accounts, memoirs and textbooks published in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution. | eng_Latn | 15,412 |
Near the end of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to? | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen. | eng_Latn | 15,413 |
What did Robert Blumenschine propose? | Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans. | At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefited the most with Operation Paperclip, recruiting von Braun and most of his engineering team, who later helped develop the American missile and space exploration programs. The United States also acquired a large number of complete V2 rockets. | eng_Latn | 15,414 |
Which actor portrayed Franz Oberhauser? | Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser, a background character in the short story "Octopussy" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, and who is named in the film as having been a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond in 1983. Similarly, Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian, observing the back story established by Fleming. With the acquisition of the rights to Spectre and its associated characters, screenwriters Neal Purvis and Robert Wade revealed that the film would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of the previous films, with the Quantum organisation alluded to in Casino Royale and introduced in Quantum of Solace reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation. | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. Schleiermacher favored the latter approach; he was motivated, however, not so much by a desire to embrace the foreign, as by a nationalist desire to oppose France's cultural domination and to promote German literature. | eng_Latn | 15,415 |
From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from? | In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen. | The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets, with the goal that one day they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and traversing long distances. The head of the German Army's Ballistics and Munitions Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen, to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons. Wernher von Braun, a young engineering prodigy, was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program at Kummersdorf-West in 1932. Von Braun had dreams about conquering outer space with rockets, and did not initially see the military value in missile technology. | eng_Latn | 15,416 |
How did the Austrian troops spend the winter? | The war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation. At the same time, the Russians failed in an attempt to take Kolberg in Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg, Poland) from the Prussians. | In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. However, it would seem the two most prominent enthusiasts for the focus on ground-support operations (direct or indirect) were actually Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek. These men were long-time professional airmen involved in German air services since early in their careers. The Luftwaffe was not pressured into ground support operations because of pressure from the army, or because it was led by ex-army personnel. It was instead a mission that suited the Luftwaffe's existing approach to warfare; a culture of joint inter-service operations, rather than independent strategic air campaigns. | eng_Latn | 15,417 |
What led to constant problems with the Khazars? | The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th century, the collapse of the Göktürk Khaganate led the Magyars and the Pechenegs, Ugric and Turkic peoples from Central Asia, to migrate west into the steppe region, leading to military conflict, disruption of trade, and instability within the Khazar Khaganate. The Rus' and Slavs had earlier allied with the Khazars against Arab raids on the Caucasus, but they increasingly worked against them to secure control of the trade routes. | In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: | eng_Latn | 15,418 |
What did the integrated system for ADGB link? | Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system for ADGB that linked the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command, although field-deployed air defence relied on less sophisticated arrangements. NATO later called these arrangements an "air defence ground environment", defined as "the network of ground radar sites and command and control centres within a specific theatre of operations which are used for the tactical control of air defence operations". | Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of "Five", which means "Failed". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of "Three Plus". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule "Abitur light". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from "underprivileged groups" and sneering at their performance was a "piece of impudence". | eng_Latn | 15,419 |
Who presided over Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881? | From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance. In 1881, Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley, and in 1884, Charles Taze Russell incorporated the society as a non-profit business to distribute tracts and Bibles. By about 1900, Russell had organized thousands of part- and full-time colporteurs, and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices. By the 1910s, Russell's organization maintained nearly a hundred "pilgrims," or traveling preachers. Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry, and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,420 |
Who was the United States Secretary of State who visited Myanmar in 2014? | The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years (Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi); and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,421 |
What is the Ferro Factory known for producing? | The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to Ford Motor Company, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed in 1984. Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork. But technology has replaced the old manufacturing businesses of the 1970s and 1980s, with people now working in the many I.T. centres of the city – such as Amazon.com, the online retailer, which has set up in Cork Airport Business Park. | For Germany, because an autarkic economic approach or an alliance with Britain were impossible, closer relations with the Soviet Union to obtain raw materials became necessary, if not just for economic reasons alone. Moreover, an expected British blockade in the event of war would create massive shortages for Germany in a number of key raw materials. After the Munich agreement, the resulting increase in German military supply needs and Soviet demands for military machinery, talks between the two countries occurred from late 1938 to March 1939. The third Soviet Five Year Plan required new infusions of technology and industrial equipment.[clarification needed] German war planners had estimated serious shortfalls of raw materials if Germany entered a war without Soviet supply. | eng_Latn | 15,422 |
What is a treaty that supplements a previous treaty in international law? | In international law and international relations, a protocol is generally a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement. A protocol can amend the previous treaty, or add additional provisions. Parties to the earlier agreement are not required to adopt the protocol. Sometimes this is made clearer by calling it an "optional protocol", especially where many parties to the first agreement do not support the protocol. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,423 |
Who delineated the "consent of the governed" in Two Treatises of Government (1689)? | The Enlightenment has been frequently linked to the French Revolution of 1789. One view of the political changes that occurred during the Enlightenment is that the "consent of the governed" philosophy as delineated by Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1689) represented a paradigm shift from the old governance paradigm under feudalism known as the "divine right of kings". In this view, the revolutions of the late 1700s and early 1800s were caused by the fact that this governance paradigm shift often could not be resolved peacefully, and therefore violent revolution was the result. Clearly a governance philosophy where the king was never wrong was in direct conflict with one whereby citizens by natural law had to consent to the acts and rulings of their government. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,424 |
Who wrote The Racial Contract? | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics: how (or whether) to apply utilitarianism to problems of political policy, or how (or whether) to apply economic models (such as rational choice theory) to political issues. The rise of feminism, LGBT social movements and the end of colonial rule and of the political exclusion of such minorities as African Americans and sexual minorities in the developed world has led to feminist, postcolonial, and multicultural thought becoming significant. This led to a challenge to the social contract by philosophers Charles W. Mills in his book The Racial Contract and Carole Patemen in her book The Sexual Contract that the social contract excluded persons of colour and women respectively. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,425 |
Who developed chain termination DNA sequencing in 1977? | In 1972, Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein. The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool. An automated version of the Sanger method was used in early phases of the Human Genome Project. | The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA). | eng_Latn | 15,426 |
Seeking WW2 service record of Helmut Pelz? I am looking to find my grandfather's service record in the German navy during the Second World War. He was also a prisoner of war and I have the paper work for this. | Finding information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? Where can I find information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? I am curious to find out about my ancestors' role in the wars, i.e. what rank they had, where they where fighting, with whom and anything else. | Is it possible to level grind in Normal Mode? So in Awakening, we can use Reeking Boxes... but what of Three Houses? I'm not far off from the beginning of the game- I have just recently finished the mock battle, actually, but I noticed this calendar mechanic in the game (and in extension, the activity points stuffs). Apparently, the days just... jump. With this info, I assume there's only a limited number of days before reaching the so-called War Phase... so this brings me back to the question: are there maps or battles that I can replay again and again so that I can level grind the characters, or are there only a limited amount of maps/battles that I can participate in? | eng_Latn | 15,427 |
I'm looking for information on a German POW based taken to a camp in England during WW2. His name was Karl Weber I believe at some point he was based in Nuneaton. He could speak English and was the 'go between' at the camp. He was a talented artist and sculptor and there is still a sculpture of his in England. He had a very good friendship with my grandmother who was a WAAF nurse. And he drew an amazing portrait of her which I have hanging in my house. I would really like to know what happened to him after the war. I cannot find him on Ancestry or Findmypast. Does anyone know where else I could look? | Where can I find information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? I am curious to find out about my ancestors' role in the wars, i.e. what rank they had, where they where fighting, with whom and anything else. | I have seen lots of UI designer nowadays including this kind of illustration i want to know the name of this style so that i can also learn and try this in my designs. | eng_Latn | 15,428 |
Searching for WW1 records of Adolf Totschek or Totscheck | Finding information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? | Intersection of all $p$-Sylow subgroups is normal | eng_Latn | 15,429 |
Seeking WW2 service record of Helmut Pelz? | Finding information on German soldiers from World War I and World War II? | Intersection of all $p$-Sylow subgroups is normal | eng_Latn | 15,430 |
this nazi told me this, I have no clueeeee | It was a Hitler salute. Kind of ironic to find this Q. I just received my grandfathers prisoner ring from his time during his stay as a prisoner of war in a German concentration camp. I'm sure it actually has a literal meaning in German but I really hate to hit a wiki-website for the answer. | go to ytmnd.com, they explain it, check wikipedia.org\n\nThey ask to have cookies enabled, cookies may contain spyware, but unless your downloading something, dont worry about it... | eng_Latn | 15,431 |
What inspired Helen Wills to play tennis in the 1920's? | I'm not sure...I looked every where online about her..I know they called her Miss. Pocker Face cause she never showed emotion, but other than that all i found out is that her last name is Moody...thanks I have learned alot. | You can post this question as many times as you want, you're still wrong. Wrong on so many levels;\n\nWilson did not "force" the US into WW1. War was declared as set out in the Constitution. Wilson was elected President and given authority to take exactly those decisions. Given the behaviour of German submarines while the US was still neutral the general view is that he behaved with remarkable restraint. Certainly the idea that he wanted a war is BS.\n\nIf the US had not declared war the most likely outcome would have been for the Germans to over run northern France and then the Allies would have sued for peace. If you remember the Russians had recently signed their own peace treaty with Germany following the revolution. Several million German troops were heading for the western front at the point the US entered the war.\n\nSuggesting that the Nazi Party just wanted "Redemption of Germany" is a particularly revolting smear on the memory of all the people murdered by Hitler's regime. What the Nazi Party wanted is set out in black and white in Mein Kampf, published before Hitler came to power. It's all there if you bother to read it. How you can possibly equate the murder of 6 million plus innocents and the invasion of a dozen European countries with payback for the WW1 peace treaty is beyond me.\n\nThe Serbian state did not assassinate anyone. It was the work of an extremist political group. And the idea that the assassination "forced" Germany to invade Belgium is truly pathetic. | eng_Latn | 15,432 |
is there any hotels left available left in cologne, for the world cup? date for the 20 june 2006? | Probably but try www.expedia.com | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | eng_Latn | 15,433 |
Hi, looking for book title from 1970's. About American High School boy soccer player with Leukemia. Thanks | I think the book you are looking for is ERIC by Doris Lund written in 1974. | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | eng_Latn | 15,434 |
who is the founder of IBM computers??? | Thomas J. Watson JR.\nborn in Dayton, Ohio. 1914\n1946 returned from war and rejoined IBM, within a year he became vice president and a member of the board of directors.\n1956 became IBM CEO.\n1971 stepped down as chairman and CEO after suffering a heart attack. T. Vincent Learson became CEO.\n1979 served as US Ambassador to the S. Union until 1981.\n1985 stepped down from IBM board.\n1993 died at 79 in Greenwich, Conn.\n "Perhaps the most important legacy of his leadership can be summarized in just three words: IBM means service," \n^_^ | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | eng_Latn | 15,435 |
World War 2 questions!!!? | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | Why don't you try doing your own homework, rather than cheating to get your degree??? | eng_Latn | 15,436 |
The Sex Pistols first gig outside London was in NORTHALLERTON on 19 May, 1976. What was the venue? | Northallerton is near to where I live and is a pretty quiet Market Town where I cannot imagine any Bands have played. However I do know that the Pistols played at the Rock Garden, Newport Road, Middlesbrough around this time.\nYou have got me interested now and I am going to ask some mates about this. | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | eng_Latn | 15,437 |
In the 19th century what were peoples attitudes about scientific discovery? What discoveries were being made? | In the 1800's, scientific discovery was really encouraged (the church-science rivalry was in the 1600's). Towards the end of the 1800's, Newtonian mechanichs had been virtually perfected, and it was thought that everything in science had been discovered. Then in early 1900's, Einstein came up with Relativity, and other scientists like Maxwell, etc. introduced Quantum mechanics... Hope that answers. | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | eng_Latn | 15,438 |
What was the day to day life like od a german soldier? | It depends on the job bexerciseave a few things in common.\n\nFirst they wake up and exersise. Running and weighs ect.\nThen breakfast.\nWork, depending on job.\nLunch\nWork\nDinner\nOff time \nSleep | gospieler was correct!\nGliders were the ORIGINAL STEALTH FLYERS.\nNo engines....therefore no noise....whatsoever!\nThey would fly in and out...no sound.\nThey did not require a run, they could land on just about any wide patch of land.\nA silent aggressor floating on air.\nJust like a large paper airplane.\nI've actually meet a WWII glider pilot.\nYou talkin' about brave!\nThese guys were incredibly brave! | eng_Latn | 15,439 |
I saw this on a PBS documentary, but I can't remember the name of the show. | The Aryan Myth may have had roots in Indian Vedic tradition. The time period pre-dates ancient Rome. During the Roman late republic and early Imperialistic periods the Germans were considered a unique group. Plutarch, Tacitus and Dio, [roman historians] make specific reference to these people in respect to their strength of mind and bodily stature.\n\nThe "Master Race" myth is simple propaganda.. It was not the predominating idea of Germany or Hitler. It was an abstraction from the rhetoric of pre war Germany. The term and iea was used for propaganda purposes by the Allies to muster support for the war and also by the Jews after the war for the purpose of ridicule. Later, the Jews incorporated the idea into their propaganda in an effort to justify the exaggerations of the holocost.\n\nI understand the genus of the racial idea[s] in 20th century Germany to be that of racial purity and not of racial oppression. It appears to be a call to preserve the roots of native German culture at the most basic and intimate level; progeneration. Tacitus in the early first century, "Germania" describes the German tribes in some detail. In this short thesis he, Tacitus, elucidates their customs and social structure. They were considered a pure racial element at that period and had qualities of culture and virtue quite distinct form the Greco-Roman world. This is where I believe Hitler drew the impetus for his desire to coalesce the German people and culture. | well the poor were apprenticed into either the father or mothers trade. dad taught boys mom taught girls. that was for a large majority and yeah they did have scribes and such to but an exception to the rule for a majority of the people. think politicians and ceos got the good stuff. | eng_Latn | 15,440 |
is there any prominant nations in naruto other than the shinobi nations (i.e. samurai, knight, gladiator, tribal wariors, shiek assassins), i know there is a movie thats about to came out that features a couple of knight nations but word on the grapevine its more of a bridging dimensions thing, i hope thats not true (i like knights) | HEY I'M GLAD YOUR BRAIN EXPLODED I THOUGHT THAT WAS MY FART !!!! | The Aryan Myth may have had roots in Indian Vedic tradition. The time period pre-dates ancient Rome. During the Roman late republic and early Imperialistic periods the Germans were considered a unique group. Plutarch, Tacitus and Dio, [roman historians] make specific reference to these people in respect to their strength of mind and bodily stature.\n\nThe "Master Race" myth is simple propaganda.. It was not the predominating idea of Germany or Hitler. It was an abstraction from the rhetoric of pre war Germany. The term and iea was used for propaganda purposes by the Allies to muster support for the war and also by the Jews after the war for the purpose of ridicule. Later, the Jews incorporated the idea into their propaganda in an effort to justify the exaggerations of the holocost.\n\nI understand the genus of the racial idea[s] in 20th century Germany to be that of racial purity and not of racial oppression. It appears to be a call to preserve the roots of native German culture at the most basic and intimate level; progeneration. Tacitus in the early first century, "Germania" describes the German tribes in some detail. In this short thesis he, Tacitus, elucidates their customs and social structure. They were considered a pure racial element at that period and had qualities of culture and virtue quite distinct form the Greco-Roman world. This is where I believe Hitler drew the impetus for his desire to coalesce the German people and culture. | eng_Latn | 15,441 |
Some elements like uranium,thornium are called radio active elements. But the actuall definition of radio active element is not cleared? | It means an element in which its atoms emit electromagnetig waves and particles Without the use of any medium. normaly radoiactive is liked to harm but since all radioactive material has harmfull efects to living organisims then it is true to link radioactivity with harm. | The Aryan Myth may have had roots in Indian Vedic tradition. The time period pre-dates ancient Rome. During the Roman late republic and early Imperialistic periods the Germans were considered a unique group. Plutarch, Tacitus and Dio, [roman historians] make specific reference to these people in respect to their strength of mind and bodily stature.\n\nThe "Master Race" myth is simple propaganda.. It was not the predominating idea of Germany or Hitler. It was an abstraction from the rhetoric of pre war Germany. The term and iea was used for propaganda purposes by the Allies to muster support for the war and also by the Jews after the war for the purpose of ridicule. Later, the Jews incorporated the idea into their propaganda in an effort to justify the exaggerations of the holocost.\n\nI understand the genus of the racial idea[s] in 20th century Germany to be that of racial purity and not of racial oppression. It appears to be a call to preserve the roots of native German culture at the most basic and intimate level; progeneration. Tacitus in the early first century, "Germania" describes the German tribes in some detail. In this short thesis he, Tacitus, elucidates their customs and social structure. They were considered a pure racial element at that period and had qualities of culture and virtue quite distinct form the Greco-Roman world. This is where I believe Hitler drew the impetus for his desire to coalesce the German people and culture. | eng_Latn | 15,442 |
When is the release date of the movie "Flags of Our Fathers"? | I can't find the release date for the DVD. | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | eng_Latn | 15,443 |
i mean how were they able to re-arm without us doing anything about it. | Germany was a major ally of Great Britain and the US after the war. We extended huge credits to the Reichsbank for them to build up their industries and infrastructure so they could pay the massive war compensations (reparations) that we demanded of them. The German economy flourished but it took a major hit along with the US in the 1929 stock market crash. When Hitler came to power in 1933, he used the revived German economy to make arms and build up the armed forces, again using credit from the west, negotiated by his finance minister, Schacht. By this point, we were appeasing the Germans, keeping them happy to avoid another war. By the mid 1930's, the new German military was ready. The air force was tested in the Spanish civil war and then Hitler started taking back German lands. Poland was last and we all know what happened after that... | Ask the following question: who's the ONLY nuke power in the mid-east, has a former superpower as a lapdog and doesn't want any other nuke power in the mid-east? | eng_Latn | 15,444 |
Can anyone tell me why the enemy is called Charlie during war times?? My son is working on this for school and can't find it anywhere. | Its was started in Vietnam, the Vietcong or VC was who it started with. The previous answer is kinda right, it is correct that Charlie is the phonetic letter for C in the military. We just shorted VC to C and called them Charlie. Just military lingo. We have a lot of lingo that the rest of the US doesn't understand. For example when some of us say "Roger" or "Check" it means, yes, I affirm, or I understand. Of course the Army has Hooah, which really can mean anything and everything. | The answer to these few questions will help out:\n- When was the US Stock Market Crash?\n- What had Germany just admitted guilt to (think of a big treaty named after a big place and a big event in history that had just happened)?\n- What political party began to take hold in the German government?\n- Who did the Germans stereotype as being responsible for the economic depression? | eng_Latn | 15,445 |
Brazilian magic ? Too good too late ? I feel that the Japanese were not good enough to oppose the Brazilians. Japan allowed Brazil to demonstrate their enormous skills. I donot think Brazil would be that magical if they were paying more worthy opponents. On the other hand it could mean goodbye to Argentina, Portugal, Spain. Those good old Brazilians are BACK !!! Views ???? | brasil is the best... they are just great. japan wasnt all that bad, jut not good enogh for brasil. brasil is one of the greatest teams, along with england, portugal, and argentina | The Aryan Myth may have had roots in Indian Vedic tradition. The time period pre-dates ancient Rome. During the Roman late republic and early Imperialistic periods the Germans were considered a unique group. Plutarch, Tacitus and Dio, [roman historians] make specific reference to these people in respect to their strength of mind and bodily stature.\n\nThe "Master Race" myth is simple propaganda.. It was not the predominating idea of Germany or Hitler. It was an abstraction from the rhetoric of pre war Germany. The term and iea was used for propaganda purposes by the Allies to muster support for the war and also by the Jews after the war for the purpose of ridicule. Later, the Jews incorporated the idea into their propaganda in an effort to justify the exaggerations of the holocost.\n\nI understand the genus of the racial idea[s] in 20th century Germany to be that of racial purity and not of racial oppression. It appears to be a call to preserve the roots of native German culture at the most basic and intimate level; progeneration. Tacitus in the early first century, "Germania" describes the German tribes in some detail. In this short thesis he, Tacitus, elucidates their customs and social structure. They were considered a pure racial element at that period and had qualities of culture and virtue quite distinct form the Greco-Roman world. This is where I believe Hitler drew the impetus for his desire to coalesce the German people and culture. | eng_Latn | 15,446 |
why did the soviets blockade west berlin? | to make the leaders of the west berlin leave this part of Gremany since west berlin was becoming a threat to the communist nations because east berliners were influenced by the west berliners | Have you heard of Iraq?\n\nWesterners are still trying to enforce their will on Arabs.\n\nLittle has changed.\n\nlove and blessings Don | eng_Latn | 15,447 |
who was the german general in world war two? | Many. \nOne was E.(Erwin) Rommel who commanded The Afrika Corps (note spelling of africa)\nHowever Adolf Hitler was the Chancellor | This was a little before my time, but you might enjoy taking a look at the USS Magoffin APA-199 Veterans Association. And sure enough Sam Rubin is listed as the officer in charge of Membership/Ships Store/Past President/Editor for the association.\n\nTell your grandpa the website is very well done. | eng_Latn | 15,448 |
What's Bob Dylan's song "Changing of the Guards" about? | Lyrically, this song has provoked much critical insight, both positive and negative. According to Oliver Trager, "Changing of the Guards" has been criticized as a "song in which Dylan unsuccessfully and cynically parodies his anthemic self in haunting fashion..." But many have found much depth and meaning in the song's lyrics. Michael Gray sees this song as a thorough description of Dylan's journey, from the beginning of his musical career, about sixteen years prior (the opening line is "Sixteen years"), through his marriage and divorce with Sara Dylan, up to his soon-to-be-announced conversion to Christianity. Indeed, much religious and biblical imagery is readily apparent in this work, especially apocalyptic imagery (not new ground for Dylan). Dylan once commented: "It means something different every time I sing it. 'Changing of the Guards' is a thousand years old'". However, even the song's critical supporters admit that there is a good amount of opacity in this song's lyrics: "Like much in 'Changing of the Guards,' the intended meaning of this passage is opaque..." | 1 - The Germans surrendered on the European front. The Japanese surrendered after they were bombed.\n\n2 - Allies: Poland,\nBritish Commonwealth,\nFrance/Free France,\nSoviet Union,\nUnited States,\nChina,\nand others\n\nAxis: Germany,\nItaly,\nJapan,\nand others\n\n3 - Blitzkrieg - (German, literally lightning war or flash war) is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which employed mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense. The doctrines resulting in the blitzkrieg effect were developed in the years after World War I as a method to help prevent trench warfare and linear warfare.\n\n4 - Stalin - December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader.\n\n5 - D-Day - By far, the most well known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day on which "Operation Overlord" began — commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord.\n\nThe terms D-day and H-hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. There is but one D-day and one H-hour for all units participating in a given operation.\n\n\n6 - Winston Churchill | eng_Latn | 15,449 |
if a person has two DINs how to surrender | B. If the person is director from both the DIN, then how can he make application for Surrender in RD-1. Then the person has to mention in DIR-5 about use of both the DIN and details of DIN which person want to surrender.The Regional Director will migrate the Companies of other DIN on the DIN which the person wants to retain with him.f Both the DIN is not in use:· Person has to prepare DIR-5 and other relevant documents and fill the form RD-1 in physical and submit RD-1 along with all relevant attachments with Regional Director of that region in physical form. | The Surrender of Nazi Germany. Nazi Germany surrendered on May 7th 1945 thus bringing World War Two in Europe to an end. On May 6th General Alfred Jodl arrived at General Dwight Eisenhowerâs temporary headquarters â a small schoolhouse in Reims, France â to sign the surrender document.Four versions of the surrender document were required: in English, French, Russian and German.he Germans were summoned a short time after to sign theAct of Military Surrender. One witness to the signing said that it was done without an air of celebration. For reasons of protocol, Eisenhower was not at the signing. He remained in a nearby room. | eng_Latn | 15,450 |
describe the schlieffen plan | The Schlieffen Plan. Count von Schlieffen, the architect of the German war plan activated in 1914. The Schlieffen Plan was a battle plan, drawn up by German tacticians, to secure victory against both France and Russia.he Germans embraced a workaround to this impasse called the Schlieffen Plan. It was named for its inventor, Count von Schlieffen, who constructed the plan in 1905 after studying the Russian militaryâs performance in its ill-fated war with Japan (1904-5). | The plan, called the Schlieffen Plan, was to occupy Western Europe, then defeat the Soviet Union. During the early part of the war, Hitler hoped to sue Britain for peace follo ⦠wing Dunkirk and the battle of Britain. German military planning was based on the idea of blitzkrieg, which meant a short war. | eng_Latn | 15,451 |
where did the bismarck sink | A+E Networks. On May 27, 1941, the British navy sinks the German battleship Bismarck in the North Atlantic near France. The German death toll was more than 2,000. | Hood played in the British pursuit of the German battleship Bismarck in May 1941. It is not an in-depth review of the entire operation to sink Bismarck, but is primarily focused on Hoodâs involvement. This article is based on official British and German record as well as anecdotal inputs from battle participants. | eng_Latn | 15,452 |
what was blitzkrieg? | blitzkrieg. German term meaning lightning war, used to describe Germany's novel military tactics in World War II, which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and airpower over large areas. | Full Definition of BLITZKRIEG. 1. : war conducted with great speed and force; specifically: a violent surprise offensive by massed air forces and mechanized ground forces in close coordination.2. : blitz 2a.â blitzkrieg transitive verb. See blitzkrieg defined for English-language learners.ull Definition of BLITZKRIEG. 1. : war conducted with great speed and force; specifically: a violent surprise offensive by massed air forces and mechanized ground forces in close coordination. | eng_Latn | 15,453 |
why was the gestapo important | It was the Nazis' secret political police. Established initially by Goering in 1933, it was transferred to Himmler's control in 1934 when the whole Nazi terror apparatus was fully centralized. The Gestapo was the Nazi political police and the key element in the regime's terror apparatus.he Gestapo was Hitlers secret police and the Gestapo was one of the key parts in support in hitlers rise to power along with the SA because like the SA, They influence terror ⦠to people who opposed the Nazis or didn't support them. Answered. | Heinrich Himmler. The Geheime Staatspolizei (German for Secret State Police, abbreviated Gestapo) was formally organized after the Nazi's seized power in 1933. Hermann Göring, the Prussian minister of the interior, detached the espionage and political units of the Prussian police. And staffed them with thousands of Nazis. | eng_Latn | 15,454 |
what was the name of the operation of the invasion of poland | Operation Himmler (less often known as Operation Konserve or Operation Canned Goods) was a 1939 false flag project planned by Nazi Germany to create the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany, which was subsequently used by Nazi propaganda to justify the invasion of Poland.he plan, named after its originator, Heinrich Himmler, was supervised by Reinhard Heydrich and managed by Heinrich Mueller. Müller the goal of this false flag project was to create the appearance Of polish aggression Against, germany which could be used to justify The german invasion Of. poland | This article is about the invasion in 1939. For the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1920, see PolishâSoviet War. The Soviet invasion of Poland was a Soviet military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939. On that morning, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. | eng_Latn | 15,455 |
third reich definition | 2 (Insurance) providing protection against liability caused by accidental injury or death of other persons or damage to their property. third person. n a grammatical category of pronouns and verbs used when referring to objects or individuals other than the speaker or his addressee(s). third rail. | Common English terms are Nazi Germany and Third Reich. The latter, adopted by Nazi propaganda, was first used in a 1923 book by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck. The book counted the Holy Roman Empire (962â1806) as the first Reich and the German Empire (1871â1918) as the second.itler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933. The Nazi Party then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power. | eng_Latn | 15,456 |
the third reich definition | Third Reich: Meaning third regime or empire, the Nazi designation of Germany and its regime from 1933-45. Historically, the First Reich was the medieval Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. The Second Reich included the German Empire from 1871-1918. | The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich from 1933 to 1943, and GroÃdeutsches Reich from 1943 to 1945. Common English terms are Nazi Germany and Third Reich. The latter, adopted by Nazi propaganda, was first used in a 1923 book by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck. | eng_Latn | 15,457 |
edgelord meaning | Edgelord is a derogatory label used to describe someone who exhibits extremely edgy behaviors, typically with a penchant for discussions relating to grimdark literature, nihilism and other taboo subject matters like nazism, for the sake of offending or shocking others in online forums. | Operation Overlord. Operation Overlord was the code-name given to the Allied invasion of France scheduled for June 1944. The overall commander of Operation Overlord was General Dwight Eisenhower.Other senior commanders for Overlord included Air Marshall Leigh-Mallory, Air Marshall Tedder, Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery and Admiral Bertram Ramsey.he overall commander of Operation Overlord was General Dwight Eisenhower. Other senior commanders for Overlord included Air Marshall Leigh-Mallory, Air Marshall Tedder, Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery and Admiral Bertram Ramsey. | eng_Latn | 15,458 |
the berlin crisis definition | The Berlin Crisis of 1961 (4 June â 9 November 1961) was the last major politico-military European incident of the Cold War about the occupational status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of postâWorld War II Germany. | 1 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev: Premier of the Soviet Union during the Berlin crisis. 2 Walter Ulbricht: Chancellor of East Germany during the Berlin crisis. 3 Dean Rusk: United States Secretary of State during the Berlin crisis. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev: Premier of the Soviet Union during the Berlin crisis. 2 Walter Ulbricht: Chancellor of East Germany during the Berlin crisis. 3 Dean Rusk: United States Secretary of State during the Berlin crisis. | eng_Latn | 15,459 |
reichstag definition | Definition of Reichstag in English: 1 The main legislature of the German state under the Second and Third Reichs. 1.1 The building in which the main German legislature met, badly damaged by fire on the Nazi accession to power in 1933. | The Reichstag represented the whole nation, while the Reichsrat represented regional governments within Germany. The head of state was the president, who was elected for a term of seven years. The first president of the Weimar Republic was Friedrich Ebert (elected November 1918-February 1919). | deu_Latn | 15,460 |
In May 1941 this deputy to Hitler flew to Britain as a self-appointed peace emissary | Historian Uncovers New Account: Document Suggests Hitler Knew ... May 30, 2011 ... He had chosen the date, May 10, 1941, with the help of an ... Why did he offer peace to Great Britain at a time when it was the ... Until now, historians had assumed that Hitler's deputy was acting on his own. "Hess ... He flew from the end of one country to the end of another a great achievement at that time. | jeopardy/1405_Qs.txt at master jedoublen/jeopardy GitHub Ehren Schwiebert: a computer consultant from Phoenix, Arizona ... GONE FISHIN' | <http://www.j-archive.com/media/2006-11-28_J_01.jpg> This scary ..... THE POLITICS OF BEFORE & AFTER | Media consultant ensuring that speeches by Pasternak's physician get the best possible play in the press | Spin Doctor Zhivago. | eng_Latn | 15,461 |
Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement? | In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain. | Under a front page headline "The Truth", the paper printed allegations provided to them that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims, that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a police constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient." Despite the headline, written by Kelvin MacKenzie, the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said – a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who wrote the story. | eng_Latn | 15,462 |
What was a top priority of Directive 23? | Hitler's interest in this strategy forced Göring and Jeschonnek to review the air war against Britain in January 1941. This led to Göring and Jeschonnek agreeing to Hitler's Directive 23, Directions for operations against the British War Economy, which was published on 6 February 1941 and gave aerial interdiction of British imports by sea top priority. This strategy had been recognised before the war, but Operation Eagle Attack and the following Battle of Britain had got in the way of striking at Britain's sea communications and diverted German air strength to the campaign against the RAF and its supporting structures. The OKL had always regarded the interdiction of sea communications of less importance than bombing land-based aircraft industries. | To Secure These Rights also called for desegregation of the Armed Forces. "Prejudice in any area is an ugly, undemocratic phenomenon, but in the armed services, where all men run the risk of death, it is especially repugnant." The rationale was fairness: "When an individual enters the service of the country, he necessarily surrenders some of the rights and privileges which are inherent in American citizenship." In return, the government "undertakes to protect his integrity as an individual." Yet that was not possible in the segregated Army, since "any discrimination which…prevents members of the minority groups from rendering full military service in defense of their country is for them a humiliating badge of inferiority." The report called for an end to "all discrimination and segregation based on race, color, creed, or national origins in…all branches of the Armed Services.":38–39 | eng_Latn | 15,463 |
If only we had an honest, principled, competent leader. Alas, our duty is to resist peacefully and passionately. It's too bad the Germans didn't resist their racist government in the 1930's. | Mr. Miller,
The TRUTH hurts. Peaceful and passionate RESISTANCE to the dictatorial regimes agenda is patriotic and effective.
We do not like Trumpet or his leadership so we write columns and comments to counteract the lies and disastrous actions of his regime and minority of gullible supporters. | Some conviction leadership rather than suck & blow Trudeau would be a start | eng_Latn | 15,464 |
Information came from German magazine Der Spiegel, which has published material from NSA leaker Edward Snowden .
The White House has denied the claims .
Merkel wants authorities to clarify the extent of surveillance on Germany . | By . Associated Press . PUBLISHED: . 13:41 EST, 23 October 2013 . | . UPDATED: . 15:03 EST, 23 October 2013 . Chancellor Angela Merkel called . President Barack Obama today after receiving information that U.S. intelligence may have targeted her mobile phone, the German government . said . The White House has denied that the U.S. is listening in on Merkel's phone calls. The German government said it responded after receiving 'information that the chancellor's cellphone may be monitored' by U.S. intelligence. German Chancellor Angela Merkel called President Obama today to inquire about the claims (Merkel pictured in March) It wouldn't elaborate but German news . magazine Der Spiegel, which has published material from NSA leaker . Edward Snowden, said its research triggered the response. Merkel spokesman Steffen Seibert said . in a statement the chancellor made clear to Obama in a phone call that . 'she views such practices, if the indications are confirmed ... as . completely unacceptable.' Merkel said among close partners such . as Germany and the U.S., 'there must not be such surveillance of a head . of government's communication,' Seibert added. 'That would be a serious breach of trust. Such practices must be stopped immediately. The White House has denied the claims that U.S. intelligence has been listening in on Merkel's phone (Obama pictured this week) In Washington, White House spokesman . Jay Carney said 'the United States is not monitoring and will not . monitor the communications of the chancellor.' A statement from the White House added: 'The United States greatly values our close cooperation with Germany on a broad range of shared security challenges. 'As the President has said, the United States is reviewing the way that we gather intelligence to ensure that we properly balance the security concerns of our citizens and allies with the privacy concerns that all people share.' Der Spiegel noted that the White House spokesperson 'did not wish to specify' whether the U.S. denied monitoring Merkel's communications in the past. Merkel raised concerns over . electronic eavesdropping issue when Obama visited Germany in June, has . demanded answers from the U.S. government and backed calls for greater . European data protection. However, Wednesday's statement was . much more sharply worded and appeared to reflect frustration over the . answers provided so far by the U.S. government. Merkel called for U.S. authorities to . clarify the extent of surveillance in Germany and to provide answers to . 'questions that the German government asked months ago,' Seibert said. | (CNN) -- Move aside oom-pah bands. The new Germany has no space for your lederhosen-clad image. And forget that dark German music scene promulgated by metal industrial bands like Rammstein. Here comes Madsen, a four-piece indie rock band with heart and high-energy live shows. They are one of the most popular new bands in Germany, with several top 10 hits. Madsen is made up of brothers Sebastian, Johannes and Sascha Madsen and their friend Nico Maurer. They are touring the United States to promote the German language and their audience is mostly high school and college students like 10th grader Maya Dudley of Chamblee, Georgia. She saw the band in Athens on a field trip with her German class. "Most of their songs sound like anything you would hear on the radio here," she says. Their sound has been compared to Green Day and the band members claim Nirvana as one of their influences. Their lyrics are smart, fun and distinctly German. "Our English isn't very good," said Madsen's lead singer, Sebastian Madsen, in his first interview in English. While he only has a slight accent, he's not ready to translate into English any of their more popular tunes like "Du schreibst Geschichte" (You Write History) or "Mein Herz bleibt hier (My Heart Stays Here)". "It's more interesting to sing German in America, because it's a challenge for the people here," he says. That's why the entire tour is sponsored by the German government, the European Recovery Program and others interested in promoting Germany's culture and language, such as the Goethe Institute. "In the U.S., many German programs have been cut down," says the Goethe Institute's Bjoern Technau. German language education is being pushed out by other languages, like Mandarin Chinese, according to a 2009 survey by the Center of Applied Linguistics. "We try to keep German on the screen, so to speak." Technau says. The 12-city Madsen tour is supposed to help. The band has been playing mostly in school auditoriums in the daytime. The audiences are American students who dance and sing along in perfect German. That's because they have studied the lyrics in class. The Goethe Institute developed lesson plans for German teachers around the band's songs. "Mad about German -- Mad about Madsen" is the tag line for the U.S. tour. Besides getting kids interested in the language, Madsen wants to push out German music stereotypes one American auditorium at a time. "German music still has the reputation of being somewhat dark," says Sebastian Madsen. "We want to counter this cliché and surprise our audiences." One big surprise is that Madsen's live shows are just as energetic in a school auditorium as they are at a huge Berlin music festival. "It doesn't matter if there are 10 people or 10,000, we always want to give a good show for everybody. That's very important to us," says drummer Sascha Madsen. The last date on Madsen's U.S. concert tour will be November 18 in Denver. | eng_Latn | 15,465 |
Germany Expected To Put Right-Wing AfD Under Surveillance For Violating Constitution | Germany's Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, is constantly on the lookout for potential threats to Germany's democratic constitutional system, and it has wide-ranging powers when it finds them. "This agency has the power — and not only to do surveillance on fringe groups, domestic terrorist threats, but also to keep an eye on any political institution, like a political party," said Melanie Amann of the German newsmagazine Der Spiegel and the author of a book about the Alternative for Germany, or AfD. "Like if their program becomes more radical or if they notice that a political party, maybe that's even sitting in the parliament, goes into a direction that might be harmful to our political system." The agency has wrapped up a two-year investigation into the Alternative for Germany, the country's largest right-wing opposition party, and is expected to announce soon that it will place the entire party under surveillance for posing a threat to Germany's political system and violating the constitution. The unprecedented move would mean that all AfD lawmakers, including several dozen in Germany's parliament, would be put under state surveillance. The driving force behind the creation of the Verfassungsschutz agency and its surveillance powers was the American-led Allied forces, who, after World War II, helped write a new German Constitution with an eye toward preventing the return of Nazi ideology. That's why the first article of the constitution guarantees the right to human dignity — an article that the agency determined a far-right branch of the AfD violated. It placed that group, known as der Flügel ("The Wing"), under surveillance nearly a year ago. Amann said the agency has identified instances of AfD politicians denigrating Muslim migrants to Germany. "They were all treated as potential terrorists," she said. "They were dehumanized in the speeches. They were compared to animals. The [agency] report made it quite clear that these people had crossed a line." Some AfD politicians have also trivialized Germany's Nazi past. Speaking at an AfD event in 2017, the leader of the Flügel wing, Bjorn Höcke, called the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin a "monument of shame." A year later, AfD parliamentary leader Alexander Gauland likened Germany's Nazi era to "a speck of bird s*** in more than 1,000 years of successful German history." "If you look at how the AfD has been behaving for some time now, it's clear it's acting against our democracy and our constitution," said Social Democrat parliamentarian Thomas Hitschler, a member of the parliamentary committee that reviews Germany's intelligence agencies. He said the Verfassungsschutz agency has spent two years gathering evidence to inform the decision that is expected to put the entire AfD under watch. But AfD politician Georg Pazderski claims the process is political. The agency is run by Chancellor Angela Merkel's government, staffed with members of her own conservative Christian Democratic Union party. Pazderski said the CDU is worried about how fast the AfD has become a presence in Germany's parliament; the party now has 88 members of 709 in the Bundestag, more than 12% representation. "If you have an opposition party which is very successful within a very short time, we become a danger for the ruling parties," Pazderski said, "especially for the conservative CDU. And this is a reason why they are trying to stigmatize us and to really put us in the Nazi corner and also to spread strong rumors." Hitschler insists the process is not political and the agency's findings must withstand tough legal scrutiny. "Its decision must be so watertight legally that it will stand up in the courts," he said. "The AfD has legal recourse to contest the decision, and the agency isn't about to lose face in court with a poor case." The AfD is already preparing for the decision. This week, the party published a position paper that represents a U-turn in how it sees immigrants, insisting that it is a party for all Germans, even naturalized citizens. AfD politician Jens Maier, already under surveillance for being part of the Flügel, told NPR by email that last year's decision to put his section of the party under surveillance has had real consequences. "A lot of members fear for their civil reputation or even their jobs, especially if they are employed in public service," he wrote. "This is clearly an unfair method to lower the election results of the AfD." Germany's federal elections are scheduled for September. Der Spiegel's Amann says tightened surveillance on the AfD will affect civil servants such as police officers and military personnel, who may cancel their membership out of fear of losing their jobs. While the Verfassungsschutz agency is able to tap phones and use informants to gather information on whomever it monitors, Maier said he hasn't noticed the surveillance. But he said it has changed the way he and his associates comm | Members of the American Nazi Party plan to rally Saturday in Toledo, Ohio. Commentator Bill Frogameni hopes it doesn't do more damage to his already troubled hometown. | eng_Latn | 15,466 |
Populist Leader Aims 'To Change Political Situation' In Germany — And Europe | Frauke Petry is a paradox. The petite 41-year-old German chemist with a pixie cut is well known for being tough as nails, chewing out journalists and wresting control of the nationalist Alternative for Germany (AfD) political party a couple of years after it was founded. But Petry looked a little lost as the AfD hosted last weekend's summit of Europe's populist stars next to the Rhine River in Koblenz. She shifted awkwardly onstage next to charismatic National Front leader Marine Le Pen, her far-right ally from France, who posed with Dutch isolationist phenomenon Geert Wilders as he snapped selfies on his smartphone. Petry's party and its counterparts across Europe are seeing an unprecedented surge in support. Wilders' Freedom Party is now polling ahead of its rivals in the Netherlands, where elections are scheduled in March. Le Pen has a shot at the French presidency a month later. AfD has managed to win seats in more than half of German state legislatures over the past couple of years and is expected to do the same in parliamentary elections this fall. That's the most support any nationalist faction in Germany has received since World War II. Compared to the fiery oratory of Le Pen, who riled up the largely German audience at the summit with predictions of a populist toppling of the EU, Petry drew more polite applause with her speech that sounded rather like a history lecture on the declining state of Europe. She's more relaxed and conversational when I meet her in Leipzig, arriving in jeans with her youngest child, Tobias, in tow. The elementary school-age boy is recovering from a cold and clings to her legs as she coaxes him to unpack his toys at a colleague's desk and play. Petry tells me she married her live-in boyfriend, Marcus Pretzell, right before Christmas. He's a member of the European Parliament and head of the North-Rhine Westphalia AfD branch. The party recently announced that she's pregnant with their first child, which is her fifth. Call it practicing what you preach: Petry believes Germans having more children is the way to solve the worker shortage and other problems resulting from her country's aging population, rather than relying on immigration as the government does currently. "It will be hard because you cannot force people to have children, obviously, and we do not want that anyway," she says. But she'd like to see the government provide financial incentives to encourage German couples "to have more children, to start having children earlier" — in their 20s, rather than in their 30s or later. As to why she thinks Muslim asylum seekers are a danger to Germany, Petry suggests reading Machiavelli. "The principles of migration have always been the same," she explains. "It's a question of period of time, process and numbers, and if migration population in the long run [outnumbers] the ethnic population of this country, the country will disappear, it will change dramatically. And that's what we see when we talk about illegal migration today in Germany and Europe." Petry claims to have no problem with Muslim immigrants who have assimilated into German society. But she completely rejects Chancellor Angela Merkel's claim that Islam belongs to Germany. "If you talk about the religious differences, we do have serious problems with Islam and it's much easier to integrate someone from France, or from Poland, from Spain, from Britain or from wherever in Europe, into a European culture like the German culture than someone from a Middle East country," she says. "I think that's obvious." The fear of German extinction is something Petry and her AfD party have successfully used to rally support in local elections over the past couple of years. Martin Kroh of the German Economic Research Institute in Berlin says that is not how the controversial party started out. AfD was founded in 2013 by economists, business leaders and academics who opposed German bailouts of the Eurozone. Their criticism of Merkel and the EU resonated with many Germans who were fed up with their country footing the bill for the euro debt crisis. Even so, AfD failed to get enough votes to meet the 5 percent threshold required to enter the German parliament in 2014. The following year, Petry and her allies took over. "The party changed from this moderate, economic Euroskepticism to more right-wing, populist statements and also anti-immigrant positions, and also being more conservative on family policies," Kroh says. A Jan. 20- Jan. 23 poll by the German research firm INSA for the German newspaper Bild shows 14.5 percent of German voters plan to cast ballots for Alternative for Germany in national elections this September. Many of the votes are shifting from Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union-led bloc. According to the poll, the bloc's approval rating dropped to 32.5 percent and if it keeps declining, Merkel will have a tough time forming a new coalition government. Her political allies are worried enough to have t | Tenor Rolando Villazon let loose during a recent Q&A with The Arts Desk: "One thing that I haven't achieved is longevity. This will come — if it comes. That said, I don't think that longevity is a necessary part of a great career." And regarding his own health problems: "[My doctor] would have told [critics] the problem was biology. I would have got it if I had sung Mozart. It had nothing to do with repertoire or technique or how much I sang. You don't have cysts in your finger because you don't know how to write." Also: "I don't think you learn anything from blogs and reviews." If you followed the arrest and trial of the Moscow-based punk trio Pussy Riot this past spring and summer, you'll already know that musicians around the world have supported them. One glaring exception: conductor Valery Gergiev, who campaigned in support of Vladimir Putin. As he told Britain's Independent this week, "I don't think this is anything to do with artistic freedom. Why go to the Cathedral of Christ to make a political statement? Why with screaming and dancing? You don't need to go to a place that is considered sacred by many people. I am told by too many people that those girls are potentially a very good business proposition. Suppose that someone created all this in order to produce another touring group earning millions and millions? Anna Netrebko" — who, incidentally, also campaigned for Putin — "didn't need to do something like this." Our friend and occasional Deceptive Cadence bloggeur Jeremy Denk, writing rather self-referentially on the late Charles Rosen for The New Yorker: "Charles's obituaries call him a 'polymath,' a 'scholar-musician;' they laud his 'ferocious intelligence,' his 'all-around brilliance.' Behind all these epithets lurks the unavoidable and vexing question: Should a musician have a brain? I mean, a brain over and above what's necessary to move the fingers, eat, sleep, make charming chitchat at gala dinners with sponsors, etc. We say 'thinking musician' as if it were a freakish breed, like a peacock that talks, distracting you from its glorious feathers." From Minneapolis: The former Minnesota Orchestra music director Edo de Waart and former concertmaster Jorja Fleezanis returned to town to take in a concert mounted by the locked-out musicians. De Waart told the Star-Tribune: "My heart is still with this orchestra. I was here for nine years, so it was not brain surgery to show my support for the musicians." And in Indiana, the owners of the Colts and the Pacers have each pledged $750,000 to support the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, reports local CBS affiliate WISH. These donations get the ensemble almost halfway to its fundraising goal. Classical geek? Keep going... Norman Lebrecht reads Martin Geck's new Schumann biography for the Wall Street Journal: "The Schumanns were cultivating a brand with the same determination as their ferocious counterparts, Wagner, Berlioz and Liszt ... Behind Schumann's florid exterior ticked an organized brain." The late Dave Brubeck's son Chris, writing for NewMusicBox about his dad and his dad's short time studying with the father of dodecaphony: "Dave had exactly two lessons with Arnold Schoenberg in L.A. At the end of the first lesson he was told to write something and bring it back for the second lesson. Dave was proud of what he wrote and when he played it for Schoenberg the next week, A.S. stopped him in the first bar demanding to know why Dave chose the 2nd note he had written. My dad replied 'because it sounded good.' Schoenberg went on a tirade saying that that was not a good enough reason to choose a note. Dad dared to ask what made him the sole arbiter of what was a right or wrong note. Schoenberg pointed to the tall book cases filled with scores that lined his studio and said he knew more about Western music than anyone else alive and that is why he had the authority to enforce his musical opinions. For better or worse that was Dave's last lesson with the great Schoenberg." Well, this headline in The Independent just about says it all: "I've Discovered Classical Music Isn't Just for Snobs." | eng_Latn | 15,467 |
President Christian Wulff is though to be about to leave his office amid an escalating scandal .
He is alleged to have accepted free holidays from wealthy friends, upgrades on airlines and discounted cars . | President Christian Wulff is though to be about to leave his office amid an escalating scandal . He is alleged to have accepted free holidays from wealthy friends, upgrades on airlines and discounted cars . Germany's president resigned in disgrace yesterday after failing to gag newspapers investigating him over political favours. The resignation of Christian Wulff – a victory for Press freedom – is an embarrassing blow to Chancellor Angela Merkel, who had hand-picked her political ally as president. In a curt statement at the presidential palace in Berlin, Mr Wulff said he had lost the trust of the German people, making it impossible to continue in a role meant to serve as a moral compass for the nation. Close: Christian Wulff, pictured with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, has been forced to resign after trying to gag newspapers investigating political favours . He was forced to resign after trying to stop German newspapers investigating a home loan scandal involving more than £430,000 received from a businessman friend’s wife – allegations taken up by prosecutors. Mr Wulff, 52, whose role was mainly ceremonial, admitted making a ‘grave mistake’ by leaving a message on the answering machine of the editor of Germany’s best-selling Bild newspaper threatening ‘war’ if the daily published a story about his private finance dealings. He was later criticised for accepting free upgrades on holiday flights for himself and his family as well as staying free of charge at the villas of wealthy businessmen. The media continued to delve into his dealings and on Thursday state prosecutors in Hanover – his former power base as governor of Lower Saxony – asked parliament to end Mr Wulff’s legal immunity over accusations he accepted favours. Problems: Ms Merkel's Germany is leading the fight to save the Euro and this news will come as a bitter blow . The move was a prelude to opening an investigation into him. It is the first time prosecutors have sought to investigate a German president and the decision triggered opposition calls for him to go. Mrs Merkel, who postponed a trip to Rome yesterday, said she regretted Mr Wulff’s departure. He is the second president to step down in two years. His predecessor, Horst Koehler, resigned unexpectedly in 2010 after coming under fire for comments he made about the German mission in Afghanistan. Der Spiegel, the prestigious news magazine, had taken up the gauntlet laid down by the popular Bild, saying: ‘All of the revelations come together to form . . . a picture of a character that revolves around three concepts: perks, upgrades and self-abasement. These concepts run counter to what is expected of a politician in a democracy. ‘Wulff . . . doesn’t want to pay the prices a normal citizen would have to pay for his lifestyle, for such expenses as his house, his car and his vacations. Wulff uses his public offices to secure discounts . . . They give him the privilege to accept perks from rich friends or companies – who hope to get something in return.’ Mr Wulff’s resignation reflects badly on Mrs Merkel’s judgment as she pushed for his election in June 2010 against an opposition candidate backed by most Germans. She said she would talk to the opposition this time to find a consensus candidate. | (CNN) -- Edward Dolman is Christie's first chief executive officer to have been a specialist, who understands the pressure and the nature of valuing art. Part of his mission is attracting other highly motivated specialists into their business. A Christie's employee stands beside a painting at Christie's auction house in London on July 4. Dolman was born in London in 1960 and attended Dulwich College from 1971-1978, before studying History of Art at Southampton University. He later completed a degree at the Study Centre for Fine and Decorative Arts, which had a close relationship with the Victoria and Albert Museum. Not being of blue-blood birth, he joined Christie's because of the link with Christie's South Kensington, starting out as a porter in the furniture department. After a year he assumed the role of specialist in the furniture department of South Kensington, where he would see everything from European to Chinese furniture in the high-volume saleroom over the next 10 years. Meanwhile he became an auctioneer, doing a number of off-site sales at country estates and traveling to France and Belgium to generate business in the middle market of furniture. At that time he was on the Management Committee, and South Kensington began to do great sales. Finally in 1995, he decided he wanted to become a manager and took a course at the Institute of Directors in the Mall to learn the language of business and the motivation of people. Dolman was subsequently made Managing Director of Christie's Amsterdam, applying new techniques and marketing to enhance interest in high-quality art. Twenty months later he returned to Christie's London on King Street as the Commercial Director to run Christie's Europe. As he attempted to develop new categories to win business, he was made Managing Director. In 1999 Dolman moved to New York as the International Managing Director and later as Chief Executive. Together with Christie's International Management Group, they developed an intensive five-year business plan, and Dolman took over from Christopher Davidge, as approved by Francois Pinault. | eng_Latn | 15,468 |
What is Pazniak's occupation? | The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave additional momentum to the pro-democracy and pro-independence movement in Belarus. It claimed that the NKVD performed secret killings in Kurapaty. Initially the Front had significant visibility because its numerous public actions almost always ended in clashes with the police and the KGB. | Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, BKA (Federal Police Organisation) Bundeskriminalamt (Deutschland), BND (Federal Intelligence Service) Bundesnachrichtendienst, MAD (Military Intelligence Service) Amt für den Militärischen Abschirmdienst and other national organisations in Germany taking care of national security aspects. According to the Minister the primary task of the new organisation founded on February 23, 2011, is to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure and mentioned incidents like Stuxnet. | eng_Latn | 15,469 |
What does 65Zn produce? | 64Zn, the most abundant isotope of zinc, is very susceptible to neutron activation, being transmuted into the highly radioactive 65Zn, which has a half-life of 244 days and produces intense gamma radiation. Because of this, Zinc Oxide used in nuclear reactors as an anti-corrosion agent is depleted of 64Zn before use, this is called depleted zinc oxide. For the same reason, zinc has been proposed as a salting material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of isotopically enriched 64Zn would be irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, forming a large amount of 65Zn significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used. 65Zn is also used as a tracer to study how alloys that contain zinc wear out, or the path and the role of zinc in organisms. | Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, BKA (Federal Police Organisation) Bundeskriminalamt (Deutschland), BND (Federal Intelligence Service) Bundesnachrichtendienst, MAD (Military Intelligence Service) Amt für den Militärischen Abschirmdienst and other national organisations in Germany taking care of national security aspects. According to the Minister the primary task of the new organisation founded on February 23, 2011, is to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure and mentioned incidents like Stuxnet. | eng_Latn | 15,470 |
A satirical comedy about Adolf Hitler is one of eight titles that Germany is considering as its submission for next year's foreign language film Oscar. | Look Who's Back (Er Ist Wieder Da) imagines Hitler waking up in modern-day Berlin and getting his own TV show.
Based on a novel by the author Timur Vermes, the film was a box-office hit when it came out in Germany last year and was subsequently bought by Netflix.
Germany's submission will be chosen by an independent jury on 25 August.
The last German film to win the foreign film Oscar was The Lives of Others (Das Leben der Anderen) in 2007.
Downfall (Der Untergang), a film about Hitler's final days, was nominated for the award two years earlier.
Other films Germany is considering for the 2016 award include Toni Erdmann, a comedy about a father-daughter relationship that was well received at this year's Cannes Film Festival.
Look Who's Back is one of four titles on the shortlist about Nazis, with others including a new version of The Diary of Anne Frank and a film about the German prosecutor Fritz Bauer.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or email [email protected]. | Interior Minister Wolfgang Sobotka said the issue over an ineffective sealing mechanism could not be fixed in time for voting on 2 October.
The election will now take place on 4 December.
A re-run of May's vote was ordered after the far-right Freedom Party challenged the result.
The announcement comes after ineffective adhesive strips on envelopes, making them insecure, raised concerns about the validity of ballot papers.
Mr Sobotka said on Monday that he had no choice but to ask parliament to introduce a new law allowing the election to be postponed over the technical issue.
Under Austrian law, the rescheduling of a presidential election is subject to strict terms, such as the death of a candidate.
Former Green Party leader Alexander Van der Bellen, standing as an independent, and the Freedom Party's Norbert Hofer both said they had expected the election to be delayed.
The announcement could favour Mr Van der Bellen, whose left-leaning pro-European policies appeal to younger voters, with some 15-year-olds unable to vote in May able to cast their ballots in December.
Mr Van der Bellen beat Mr Hofer by just 31,000 votes among the 4.64 million cast in May's election.
But Austria's highest court annulled the result after a challenge from the Freedom Party, which claimed that postal votes had been illegally and improperly handled.
In two weeks of hearings, lawyers for the Freedom Party alleged that thousands of votes were opened earlier than permitted and counted by people unauthorised to do so.
The party also claimed that some under-16s and foreigners had been allowed to vote.
The court ruled that election rules had been broken in a way that could have influenced the result, although it said there was no proof that the count had been manipulated.
Norbert Hofer
Alexander Van der Bellen | eng_Latn | 15,471 |
The machine was given to the germans by a western power before the Nazis took control. This has to be a standard system used around the world in every country. to me this might show a central control of some enenity who is mannipulating events around the world. What do you think? | LOL. Doubtful. Theories around some 'Grand World Government' which has been manipulating world events for eons are plentiful, but just don't make very much sense. If there was an organization powerful enough to use the world's nations as mere chess pieces, why not just flip the board? | If you're talking about new government placed camera's so they can see just about everything, bad idea. They should only be placed where they are absolutely neccessary for national security, and actually be for national security. Placing cameras everywhere would be of significant cost, and we can't even make sure everyone is fed yet. | eng_Latn | 15,472 |
zimmerman telegram apush definition | This telegram, written by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, is a coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. | In response, the United States severed diplomatic relations with Germany in February. On February 24 Britain released the Zimmerman telegram to Wilson, and news of the telegram was published widely in the American press on March 1. | eng_Latn | 15,473 |
who were the rosenbergs | The Rosenbergs, former members of the American Communist Party, were implicated by Ethelâs brother-in-law, David Greenglass and a Philadelphia chemist, Harry Gold, who, after admitting to their own espionage activities, served as the primary witnesses in the trial. | A term coined by art critic Harold Rosenberg in 1952 to describe the work of artists who painted with gestures that involved more than just the traditional use of the fingers and wrist to paint, including also the arm, shoulder, and even legs. | eng_Latn | 15,474 |
Outpatient total body irradiation prior to bone marrow transplantation in pediatric patients: a feasibility analysis | Outpatient total body irradiation as a component of a comprehensive outpatient transplant program | Outpatient total body irradiation as a component of a comprehensive outpatient transplant program | eng_Latn | 15,475 |
Pathogenesis of aplastic anemia | Acquired Aplastic Anemia as a Clonal Disorder of Hematopoietic Stem Cells | Residual γH2AX foci induced by low dose x-ray radiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not cause accelerated senescence in the progeny of irradiated cells | eng_Latn | 15,476 |
High precision conformal radiotherapy employing conservative margins in childhood benign and low-grade brain tumours | Radiation-induced brain tumours after central nervous system irradiation in childhood: a review | No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age | eng_Latn | 15,477 |
Continuous Separation of Radionuclides from Contaminated Water by Shock Electrodialysis | Overlimiting current in a microchannel | Inability of the Submaximal Treadmill Stress Test to Predict the Location of Coronary Disease | eng_Latn | 15,478 |
Brachial artery mycotic aneurysm and splenic infarction associated with infective endocarditis | Infected upper extremity aneurysms: a review. | Residual γH2AX foci induced by low dose x-ray radiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not cause accelerated senescence in the progeny of irradiated cells | eng_Latn | 15,479 |
Clinical comparison of brachytherapy versus hypofractionated external beam radiation versus standard fractionation external beam radiation for non-melanomatous skin cancers | Soft x-ray therapy for cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. | High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power | eng_Latn | 15,480 |
Long term or residual damage post-irradiation has been described for many tissues. In hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), this is only revealed when the HSC are stressed and required to regenerate and repopulate a myeloablated host. Such an assay cannot be used to assess the recovery potential of previously irradiated intestinal stem cells (ISC) due to their incompatibility with transplantation. The best approximation to the HSC assay is the crypt microcolony assay, also based on clonogen survival. In the current study, the regenerative capacity of intestinal clonogenic cells in mice that had survived 13 Gy irradiation (with 5% bone marrow shielding to allow survival through the hematopoietic syndrome) and were then aged for 200 d was compared to previously unirradiated age-matched controls. Interestingly, at 200 d following 13 Gy, there remained a statistically significant reduction in crypts present in the various small intestinal regions (illustrating that the gastrointestinal epithelium had not fully recovered despite the 200-d interval). However, upon re-irradiation on day 196, those mice previously irradiated had improved crypt survival and regeneration compared to the age-matched controls. This was evident in all regions of the small intestine following 11-13 Gy re-exposure. Thus, there were either more clonogens per crypt within those previously irradiated and/or those that were present were more radioresistant (possibly because a subpopulation was more quiescent). This is contrary to the popular belief that previously irradiated animals may have an impaired/delayed regenerative response and be more radiosensitive. | The present investigation aimed to evaluate the radiomitigative efficacy of the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) against acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in a rat model. Rats were irradiated with a single sublethal dose of γ-radiation (7 Gy; total body irradiation; TBI) on the 1st day of experimental course, then received EPO (5000 IU/kg; i.p.) 24 h after irradiation, and rats were observed for 30 days of survival analysis. Administration of EPO improved 30-day survival, alleviated TBI-induced myelosuppression and pancytopenia, by augmenting lymphocytes and other white blood cells in the peripheral blood of rats, while bone marrow and spleen cellularity were restored. EPO post-exposure treatment alleviated hepatotoxicity biomarkers and restored splenic function. EPO abrogated radiation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7-nAChR) and the pro-survival Janus kinase-2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling mediated via enhancing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf-2) cytoprotective machinery in liver and spleen of irradiated rats. Moreover, EPO treatment prevented hepatic and splenic apoptosis. The present study establishes the implication of α-7-nAChR-JAK-2/STAT-3-Nrf-2 signaling cascade in the radiomitigative potential of EPO against ARS. | T-474 at SLAC is a prototype BPM-based energy spectrometer for the ILC. We describe magnetic measurements and simulations for the 4-magnet chicane used in T-474. | eng_Latn | 15,481 |
Over a five-year period (1992-1997), the major properties of eleven blackcurrant cultivars were studied under the agroecological conditions of Cacak. The planting was established at the Ljubic locality belonging to the Fruit and Grape Research Centre, Cacak. The cultivars included in the trial were as follows: 'Ben Nevis', 'Ben Lomond', 'Ben More', 'Fertodi 1', F II/1, 'Tenah', 'Tsema', Bo 581*, Bo 663, Bo 539 and 'Cacanska Crna'. Phenology of flowering and ripening, strig mass, number of berries per strig, percentage of berry set, berry mass and dimensions, number of seeds per berry, stalk mass, soluble solids and yield per bush and ha were assessed. The earliest flowering and ripening was registered in cv. 'Fertodi 1' and selection F II/1 and the latest in 'Ben More'. The largest strig mass and number of berries per strig was recorded with cv. 'Cacanska Crna'. Cvs. 'Ben Lomond' and 'Ben Nevis' had the largest berry set in open pollination. The highest content of soluble solids was registered in selection Bo 539. Cv. ‘Cacanska Crna’ had the highest cropping potential and yield. | Buds from the branches cut during dormancy (end of January) were used as the initial explants and set to develop under laboratory conditions at room temperature. Aseptic culture was established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with BA 2.0, IBA 0.5 and GA3 0.1 mg 1-1. MS media with BA and IBA or NAA and GA3 were used for multiplication phase, whereas medium MS with mineral salts reduced to 1/2, organic complex unchanged according to MS, with 1.0 mg 1-1 IBA, 0.1 mg 1-1 GA3 and 1g 1-1 of active charcoal was used in the rooting phase. | Purpose To compare image quality and visualization of normal structures and lesions in brain computed tomography (CT) with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction techniques in different X-ray tube current–time products. Materials and methods In this IRB-approved prospective study, forty patients (nineteen men, twenty-one women; mean age 69.5 ± 11.2 years) received brain scan at different tube current–time products (300 and 200 mAs) in 64-section multi-detector CT (GE, Discovery CT750 HD). Images were reconstructed with FBP and four levels of ASIR-FBP blending. Two radiologists (please note that our hospital is renowned for its geriatric medicine department, and these two radiologists are more experienced in chronic cerebral vascular disease than in neoplastic disease, so this research did not contain cerebral tumors but as a discussion) assessed all the reconstructed images for visibility of normal structures, lesion conspicuity, image contrast and diagnostic confidence in a blinded and randomized manner. Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were recorded. All the data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 statistical analysis software. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the image qualities at 200 mAs with 50% ASIR blending technique and 300 mAs with FBP technique (p > .05). While between the image qualities at 200 mAs with FBP and 300 mAs with FBP technique a statistically significant difference (p Conclusion ASIR provided same image quality and diagnostic ability in brain imaging with greater than 30% dose reduction compared with FBP reconstruction technique. | eng_Latn | 15,482 |
Method of identifying a prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia | (57) Abstract: a method of identifying a prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). To identify benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer, it can be used mathematical combination or ratio of pro-PSA and BPSA serum or tissue markers. BSPA Whereas a selectively high in the transition region of the prostate tissue, pPSA is disclosed in the present invention that high in peripheral region of the prostate tissue. Also provides a kit to assist in the identification of BPH and prostate cancer. | One of the primary objectives of the Materials Characterization Center (MCC) is to acquire and characterize spent fuels used in waste form testing related to nuclear waste disposal. The initial steps in the characterization of a fuel rod consist of gamma scanning the rod and sampling the gas contained in the fuel rod (referred to as fission gas sampling). The gamma scan and fission gas sampling systems used by the MCC are adaptable to a wide range of fuel types and have been successfully used to characterize both boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel rods. This report describes the design and operation of systems used to gamma scan and fission gas sample full-length PWR and BWR fuel rods. 1 ref., 10 figs., 1 tab. | eng_Latn | 15,483 |
Low power rectenna topologies for medium range wireless energy transfer | This paper presents and compares different rectifying antenna (rectenna) circuit topologies optimized for sub-mW incident microwave power levels. Excellent performance is achieved in terms of output voltage level and RF to DC conversion efficiency. Several prototypes have been fabricated using small localized components and tested. A detailed study of the behavior of a low power rectenna as a voltage source is presented. The influence of the antenna characteristic impedance on circuit performance is also studied. | Abstract De Ruyck, K., Wilding, C. S., Van Eijkeren, M., Morthier, R., Tawn, E. J. and Thierens, H. Microsatellite Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes XRCC1, XRCC3 and XRCC5 in Patients with Gynecological Tumors: Association with Late Clinical Radiosensitivity and Cancer Incidence. Radiat. Res. 164, 237–244 (2005). This study investigates the association of microsatellite polymorphisms in XRCC1, XRCC3 and XRCC5 with the development of late radiation-induced radiotherapy reactions and examines the correlation between these microsatellites and cancer incidence. Sixty-two women with cervical or endometrial cancer treated with radiotherapy were included in the study. According to the CTCAEv3.0 scale, 22 patients showed late adverse radiotherapy reactions (grade 2 or more). PCR on lymphocyte DNA followed by automated fragment analysis was performed to examine the number of tandem repeat units at each locus. No significant association was found between the repeat length at any of the microsatellites in XRCC1, XRC... | eng_Latn | 15,484 |
Early radiation survey of Iitate village, which was heavily contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi accident, conducted on 28 and 29 March 2011. | The Fukushima Health Management Survey: estimation of external doses to residents in Fukushima Prefecture | Declining Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Osaka, Japan, from 1990 to 2003 | eng_Latn | 15,485 |
Other research found no signs of hazard in humans who eat irradiated food. | Eating irradiated food poses no danger to humans. | Irradiated food will cause mutations in humans who eat it. | eng_Latn | 15,486 |
Fluorimetric determination of boron with chromotropic acid by flow-injection analysis | A sensitive and convenient assay for boron in plant using chromotropic acid and HPLC | Dosimetric Factors Used for Thoracic X-Ray Radiotherapy are not Predictive of the Occurrence of Radiation Pneumonitis after Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy | eng_Latn | 15,487 |
Total scalp irradiation using helical tomotherapy. | Validation of calculations for electrons modulated with conventional photon multileaf collimators | Low-dose, volumetric helical CT: image quality, radiation dose, and usefulness for evaluation of bronchiectasis. | eng_Latn | 15,488 |
Assessment, validation and intercomparison of operational models for predicting tritium migration from routine discharges of nuclear power plants: the case of Loire River. | Model testing of radioactive contamination Cs-137 of soils and bottom sediments in the Romachka river (Tomsk region, Russia) | Oral spray wintertime vitamin D3 supplementation has no impact on inflammation in Gaelic footballers | eng_Latn | 15,489 |
Dual-Colored Carbon Dot Ratiometric Fluorescent Test Paper Based on a Specific Spectral Energy Transfer for Semiquantitative Assay of Copper Ions. | Visual assay for determination of copper ions based on anti-etching of gold nanorods induced by cuprous ions | Dosimetric Factors Used for Thoracic X-Ray Radiotherapy are not Predictive of the Occurrence of Radiation Pneumonitis after Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy | eng_Latn | 15,490 |
Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology | Weighted Least-Squares Method for the Evaluation of Small-Angle X-ray Data Without Desmearing | An utter refutation of the ‘Fundamental Theorem of the HapMap’ | kor_Hang | 15,491 |
Nonparametric Tests for Shift at an Unknown Time Point | Single change-point detection methods for small lifetime samples | Author ' s personal copy Determination of Resonance Parameters and their Covariances from Neutron Induced Reaction Cross Section Data | eng_Latn | 15,492 |
DISTRIBUTION OF DOSE IN THE BODY FROM A SOURCE OF GAMMA RAYS DISTRIBUTED UNIFORMLY IN AN ORGAN. | Computational phantoms, ICRP/ICRU, and further developments | WELFARE EFFECT OF URBAN TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENT THROUGH RETAIL STORE LOCATION CHANGE : AGGLOMERATION AND DISPERSION | yue_Hant | 15,493 |
In-air calibration of an HDR 192Ir brachytherapy source using therapy ion chambers | Calibration of (192)Ir high dose rate brachytherapy source using different calibration procedures. | No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age | eng_Latn | 15,494 |
Classification of particuate solids materials by imaging based spectrometry | Digital-imaging-based spectrometry applied to ceramic glass inspection | Letter of Intent to the ISOLDE and Neutron Time-of-Flight Committee Optimisation of clinical SPECT imaging with 155 Tb for theragnostic radionuclide therapy January 8 | eng_Latn | 15,495 |
Instrumental neutron activation analyses of uranium and thorium in samples from tin mining and processing sites | ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY RELATED RADIOACTIVITY EXPOSURE IN ZIRCON SAND | Lamin A mutation impairs interaction with nucleoporin NUP155 and disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport in atrial fibrillation | eng_Latn | 15,496 |
Comparison of point, line and volume dose calculations for exposure to nuclear medicine therapy patients. | Radioiodine (131I) therapies performed in a paediatric hospital: facilities and procedures | Oral spray wintertime vitamin D3 supplementation has no impact on inflammation in Gaelic footballers | eng_Latn | 15,497 |
Functional ultrasound imaging of radiation therapy effects: Animal models and human clinical trial results | The Use of Second-Order Susceptibility as Contrast Mechanism for Label-Free Imaging of Biological Tissue | Oral spray wintertime vitamin D3 supplementation has no impact on inflammation in Gaelic footballers | eng_Latn | 15,498 |
DNA base and strand damage in X-irradiated monkey CV-1 cells: influence of pretreatment using small doses of radiation. | Heat shock protein 70 enhanced deoxyribonucleic acid base excision repair in human leukemic cells after ionizing radiation | Porin channels in intact cells of Escherichia coli are not affected by Donnan potentials across the outer membrane. | eng_Latn | 15,499 |
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