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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I have a sentence in my text book using the grammar 他にも which I understand to\nbe (besides or as well as). In the sentences to come the student seems like\nthey haven’t had their family over for a visit yet hence why they want to talk\nto somebody about it. With that in mind 他にも can’t mean (besides you) which is\nhow I would read it. Please translate and explain! Feel free to use other\nexamples, Thank you.\n\n> 留学生: 今年の夏に、家族が遊びに来るから、泊まる所を探しているんですが、誰に聞いたらいいですか。\n>\n> 先生: そうですね。家族が遊びに来たことがある留学生が **他にも** いると思うから、まずそういう人を探したらいいと思います。", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T06:32:35.570", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77379", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T09:06:48.743", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "38484", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "translation" ], "title": "他にも meaning and translation", "view_count": 251 }
[ { "body": "Not sure this is worthy of an answer since it's more about English than\nJapanese, but it was too long for a comment.\n\nI see your point but I think you may be overthinking it. Languages aren't\nalways entirely logical. If you asked me who you should ask about places to\nstay and I simply replied \"There are students who've had their family over, so\n...\", wouldn't you find that an odd and quite disconnected statement? If I\nsaid \"there are other students who've had their family over, so...\", as you\nsay, it isn't entirely logical, but it has a better flow to it and I think it\nis a quite natural response.\n\nAnother way to think about it would be to add some emphasis to give \"there are\nother students who **have** had there family over\". In this case the \"other\"\ndistinguishes two kinds of students: those that have and those that have not\nhad family over.\n\nYou should probably also note that although my translations have used \"other\nstudents\", where \"other\" adjectively modifies \"students\", ほかにも is actually\nadverbially modifying いる. The literal translation would be students who've had\ntheir families over additionally exist. You could then ask \"what do they exist\nin addition to?\" Answer: they exist in addition to you, who has not had your\nfamily over.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T13:56:02.670", "id": "77384", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-17T14:49:00.610", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-17T14:49:00.610", "last_editor_user_id": "35362", "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "77379", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "In this case, 他にもいる could be translated as \"there are others [who] ...\" so you\nhave \"I think there are other exchange students whose parents have visited, so\nyou should look for someone like that [who has had that experience].\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T09:06:48.743", "id": "77452", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T09:06:48.743", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39054", "parent_id": "77379", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77383", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Isn't it a bit strange that it has 園 at the end? Was this word actually made\nin Japan after they knew about kindergarten ?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T11:45:03.790", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77381", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-17T12:21:43.333", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36952", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "etymology" ], "title": "幼稚園 coincidental similarity with english/german?", "view_count": 231 }
[ { "body": "Yes, according to Wikipedia, 幼稚園 is a direct translation from German\n\"Kindergarten\".\n\n> ### [幼稚園](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E7%A8%9A%E5%9C%92)\n>\n> 幼稚園という語は、彼の作った学校の名前である Kindergarten(フレーベルの造語、「子供達の庭」、「子供の国」の意)を翻訳してできた。\n>\n> * * *\n>\n>\n> キンダー・ガルテンの訳語として「幼稚園」を最初に名乗ったのが、1876年(明治9年)に開園した東京女子師範学校附属幼稚園で、現在もお茶の水女子大学附属幼稚園として存続し、これが日本で最古の幼稚園とされる。\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Is 人孔 from English?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/73358/5010)\n * [Calque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T12:08:09.393", "id": "77383", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-17T12:21:43.333", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77381", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77388", "answer_count": 1, "body": "When writing the Kanji 丼 (bowl), do I start with the horizontal lines first or\nthe vertical lines?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T16:33:50.003", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77385", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-17T16:54:45.040", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39018", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "kanji", "stroke-order" ], "title": "How to do the stroke for \"bowl\"?", "view_count": 67 }
[ { "body": "This incredibly nifty website should\nhelp!.<https://jisho.org/search/%E4%B8%BC%20%23kanji>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T16:54:45.040", "id": "77388", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-17T16:54:45.040", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36655", "parent_id": "77385", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77394", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In sentences like\n\n> 2時ごろ子どもを迎えに行きます。I will **go** to meet/greet my child around 2 O'clock.\n\nIs the sentence structure of verb(Stem form)に行く/来る/帰る, ever strictly\nnecessary? Or following the example, would\n\n> 2時ごろ子どもを迎えます。I will meet/greet my child around 2 O'clock.\n\nbe sufficient. In other words, is the fact that you will go somewhere to do\nthis action already implied (in some cases).\n\nAnother example:\n\n> 来月旅行に行きます。I will **go** travel next month. VS. 来月旅行します。I will travel next\n> month.\n\nAside: I can see how in examples like\n\n> 映画を見に行きたいです。I want to **go** see a film.\n\nThe format it's written in would be useful, as the emphasis is placed on the\nfact that you wish to go somewhere to see a film, not simply that you want to\nwatch a film.\n\nThank you for, any and all, help! Much appreciated!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T16:52:08.463", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77387", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T01:04:08.067", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-17T18:38:23.343", "last_editor_user_id": "36655", "owner_user_id": "36655", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "verbs", "particle-に" ], "title": "'I will GO to (verb)' vs. 'I will (verb)'", "view_count": 239 }
[ { "body": "> 2時ごろ子どもを迎えに行きます。 \n> 2時ごろ子どもを迎えます。\n\nThese are very different.\n\n * 2時ごろ子どもを迎えに行きます。 I will pick the children up around two o'clock.\n * 2時ごろ子どもを迎えます。 I welcome the children (to the place) around two o'clock.\n\nIn this case, 迎える and 迎えに行く are different. However,\n\n * 映画を見ます I watch a movie.\n * 映画を見に行きます I go and watch a movie.\n\nThese ones are not too much, one is just saying 'watch movie at anywhere', you\ncan watch movies at home these days. Another is saying 'watch a movie in a\ncertain place', likewise a theatre. The latter one implies, you are going out\nof your home and watch a movie.\n\n来月、旅行に行きます is a formal expression. And 来月、旅行します sounds a casual expression. In\nthis case, 旅行に行く is a very popular and common phrase/term for travel almost an\nidiom/colloquial thing thus 旅行する sounds ill-mannered or unnatural.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T01:04:08.067", "id": "77394", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T01:04:08.067", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "77387", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "There seems to be an endless supply of Japanese words and phrases that\ntranslate to \"somehow\" or \"anyhow\" in English. It's difficult, at least with\nJ-E dictionaries, to understand the nuances of each variation. If you had to\nbreak these up into categories, how would you do it?\n\n迚も斯くても\n\n如何かこうか\n\n兎や角\n\n兎も角も\n\n兎も角\n\n兎もあれ\n\n兎に角\n\n兎にも角にも\n\n何分にも\n\n何分\n\n何処やら\n\n何処とも無く\n\n何処かしら\n\n何れにしろ\n\n何れにしても\n\n何らかの形で\n\n何にせよ\n\n何にしろ\n\n何にしても\n\n何とやら\n\n何とはなしに\n\n何となし\n\n何とか\n\n何せ\n\n何しろ\n\n何かの拍子\n\n何かしら\n\nどの道\n\nどうやらこうやら\n\nどうやら\n\nどうにかして\n\nどうにかこうにか\n\nどうでも\n\nどうせ\n\nどうかした\n\nどうか\n\nどういう訳か\n\nとりま\n\nともあれかくもあれ\n\nとまれかくまれ\n\nいずれ", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T17:34:21.550", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77389", "last_activity_date": "2020-12-31T13:35:50.887", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-17T18:38:21.467", "last_editor_user_id": "39021", "owner_user_id": "39021", "post_type": "question", "score": 8, "tags": [ "word-choice", "words", "word-usage" ], "title": "How to break down the nuances of each Japanese word translating to \"somehow\" or \"anyhow\"?", "view_count": 379 }
[ { "body": "Wow, lots of words with a wide variety of different meanings.\n\nMy mental picture of \"somehow\" is that there is this complex mechanism (how)\nthat led to the outcome seemingly disconnected from the input and the speaker\nis trying to keep that a blackbox either because they don't know that\nmechanism or don't want to talk about it.\n\n\"Anyhow\" to me is a means to cut the train of thoughts, or jump a little to\nsomewhere that doesn't naturally follow. Or generally emphasize the disconnect\nbetween the input and the outcome.\n\nThinking more about it, my feeling is that these English words (and others,\nsuch as whatever and anyway) all generally introduce some gap in a train of\nthoughts, their difference is fuzzier, and different people use them\ndifferently. It's like shades of grey.\n\nWith that eyes, when I look at the long list, a few axis of classifications\ncome to mind:\n\n * Fog of 5W1H: Some words create a fog in \"where\" (e.g., 何処かしら), some in \"who\" (誰ともなし), \"how\" or causality (どうにか, なんとか), \"when\" (いつのまにか, 何かの拍子), and so on\n * Level of formality: more formal words that tend to get used in the written form (e.g., ともあれかくもあれ, 何分, 何らか) vs less form words for speech (とにかく, どうか, なにせ)\n * Rhyming attachments: Many of those words can accompany rhyming words to carry more emphasis. どうにか+こうにか, なんとか+かんとか, とあれ+かくあれ, なんでも+かんでも\n\nHope that helps!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-12-31T13:35:50.887", "id": "83383", "last_activity_date": "2020-12-31T13:35:50.887", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3059", "parent_id": "77389", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77392", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I think that I understand how 〜ていく and 〜てくる affect the meanings of verbs\nthanks to posts like\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/676/). However, I have\ntrouble understanding why one might use these suffixes **when the change in\nmeaning seems extremely subtle**.\n\nFor example:\n\n> すぐ帰ってね。\n>\n> すぐ帰ってきてね。\n\nDo these essentially mean the same thing? In the second sentence, is 〜てきて just\nfor emphasis?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T20:34:45.937", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77390", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:04:27.923", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": null, "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Using 〜ていく and 〜てくる", "view_count": 246 }
[ { "body": "1. すぐ帰ってね。\n 2. すぐ帰ってきてね。\n\nThey are essentially the same 'go home immediately' and could be used in this\nway, too.\n\n * (for 1) When you want someone to 'go to his home immediately' but not to your home. \n * (for 2) When you want your family to go back to your home as soon as they can.\n\n〜してね/ください doesn't specify who needs the action. \n〜してきてね the speaker demands it.\n\n例) \nお豆腐を買ってね Buy Tofu. \nお豆腐を買ってきてね Buy Tofu and bring it to me. \n宿題をしてください Do your homework. \n宿題をしてきてください Please do your homework at home. Not here.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T23:48:11.530", "id": "77392", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:04:27.923", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T01:04:27.923", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "77390", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "Does anyone recognize these? I have a hard time recognizing more calligraphy-\nesque characters. [![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/L07HH.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/L07HH.jpg)Thanks\nin advance.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-17T21:52:39.477", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77391", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T00:46:15.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39022", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "archaic-language", "written-language" ], "title": "Does anyone recognize these characters?", "view_count": 105 }
[ { "body": "The first letter is made of 竹 and 王. This character does not exist.\n\n䇠 is the closest character in Chinese meaning wrench to adjust strings.\nUnicode U+41E0 \n笙 is the closest character in Japanese. It means an archaic instrument flutes.\nUnicode U+7B19\n\nThe second letter is made of 日 and 又. This character does not exist, either.\nUnfortunately, this one does not have alter characters, I found 䀑 and 叹, I\ndon't think they are related.\n\nI guess this is a name of person or a graffiti, it is so clearly written and\nthe same time the characters do not exist, this does not make a sense to me.\nOr they were valid in the ancient era...", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T00:46:15.290", "id": "77393", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T00:46:15.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "77391", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77408", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I’ve noticed that some song lyrics use 僕 although the singer is female. After\nreading [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36844/) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60636/is-%E5%83%95-boku-\nonly-appropriate-for-cisgendered-men) post, I’m still unsure if the answers\napply to the songs that I’ve heard. It seems that 僕 is meant to convey a\ntomboyish, naïve, or slightly assertive feeling, but this doesn’t seem to be\nthe case for these songs and musicians (in my opinion, which may be\nincorrect).\n\nA few examples: 「[ケセラセラ](https://www.uta-net.com/song/151334/)」 by fhána and\n「[スタンドバイミー](https://www.uta-net.com/song/266554/)」 by the peggies.\n\nDoes 僕 generate some other desirable feeling for these contexts? For native\nJapanese speakers, how might using 僕 instead of 私 change a song’s impression?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T05:11:34.153", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77396", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T00:40:27.220", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "word-choice" ], "title": "Usage of 僕 in song lyrics", "view_count": 321 }
[ { "body": "In lyrics and poetry, 君 (\"you\") and 僕 (\"I\") are widely used as handy gender-\nneutral and/or \"juvenile\" personal pronouns. Sometimes 私 may sound too\nfeminine, mature or formal when they want to sing about gender-neutral things\nsuch as your affection for cats, innocent friendship and the beauty of nature.\nThis type of 僕 is not tomboyish at all, but it feels young and innocent. It's\ncommon also in children's songs.\n\nAlthough uncommon, a female singer may sing purely from the male's perspective\n(男歌), and vise versa. For example\n[舟歌](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGI0QZ4Gk34) is an 男歌 sung by a female\nsinger. [心凍らせて](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My3z2NFSKKQ) and\n[女のみち](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zKcksI14X8) are 女歌 sung by male\nsingers.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T13:33:48.930", "id": "77408", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T14:08:51.317", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-18T14:08:51.317", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77396", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "While I couldn't find quotes directly from song writers, there have been\npeople who have wondered the same thing and have come up with a good analysis.\nI'll list up some reasons, in no particular order.\n\n**It's is easier to identify with ぼく**\n\nMany songs are ambiguous as to the gender of the singer; they can go either\nway. In these cases ぼく is selected often. It is easier to resonate with male\nfans and they can sing the song in karaoke with more emotion due to that. わたし\nactually sounds more feminine in terms of lyrics, so by using ぼく it makes it\neasy for the fans to insert themselves as the singer. Note that songs strictly\nfrom a female perspective would likely choose わたし as there is no need to put\nthe male listener in the singer's shoes.\n\n**It gives the lyrics another layer of depth**\n\nBy making a song \"non-gender\", the lyrics can have double meanings. This\n[blog](https://www.kkbox.com/jp/ja/column/showbiz-0-1255-1.html) analyzed\nlyrics from Nogizaka46's\n[君の名は希望](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a0560d3/l02c306.html). Take this line:\n\n```\n\n もし君が振り向かなくても\n その微笑みを僕は忘れない\n \n```\n\nWhile this song can be read as a love song, this can also be interpreted as\nthe idols themselves talking to the fan, or even the fan to the idol. The\n\"idol\" wants the \"fan\" to look at her. The \"fan\" want the \"idol\" to see him.\nUsing わたし here would limit it to one way: only the idol to the fan. It's no\nlonger a two-way street. These kinds of reciprocating lyrics are common in\nidol songs and it's most likely because it resonate with the fans.\n\nぼく could be me (the singer), me (the fan), me (the lover), me (the friend),\netc.\n\n**It is the right level of youth**\n\nSometimes it may seem わたし may feel just as appropriate: it's a song that is\nobviously from the perspective of a girl. But わたし may sound too mature; ぼく\ngives off this feeling of youth, of innocence, that the lyricist is looking\nfor. It feels nostalgic, like reminiscing of one's youth.\n\n**It's easier to fit into the melody**\n\nぼく is two moras, わたし is three. It is much easier to fit the shorter word into\nthe melody. Note キミ and あなた follow that same pattern. Take the songs you\nlisted and imagine how it would sound like if they were replaced by わたし.\n\nA lot of songs, especially for idols, would be made-to-order, with the\ncomposer and the lyricist being two different people. In those cases, the\nmelody tends to come first, and the lyrics are then created and added. This\nmeans the lyrics are limited what the melody allows, so every space counts.\n\nThis [blog](https://www.ongakunojouhou.com/entry/2020/03/26/231008) makes a\ngood point and shows that female singer-songwriters actually do use わたし. This\nis because most of their songs are from their point of view. They can do this\nthey are able to make the lyrics before making the song, and even if they\ndecide to use わたし later on, they have the ability to arrange the song\nappropriately.\n\n**It's a current trend**\n\nThis [blog](https://past-orange.com/po_sp/?p=1456) takes some samples (though\nthis includes male artists) from different years, and we can see that towards\n2000 ぼく becomes prevalent. This is around the same time the modern-day idols,\nlike AKB48 appears (and they use ぼく a lot). Looking at the older periods, we\ncan see that わたし・あなた were more prevalent back in the day. So another 20 years\ndown the line, we might see another shift in first person pronouns used in\nsongs.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T00:40:27.220", "id": "77515", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T00:40:27.220", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9508", "parent_id": "77396", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77398", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm currently going through the Tobira book and at chapter 3 there is this\nsentence:\n\n`日本で活躍しているロボットには二つのグループがあります。何と何をするためのロボットですか。`\n\nWhat's the meaning/use of 何と何をする? this is my first time seeing it. Is there\nany other combinations or rules for this type of question?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T06:13:41.477", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77397", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T07:18:14.773", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39027", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning" ], "title": "Meaning of 何と何をする in this sentence", "view_count": 208 }
[ { "body": "Are you referring to the first question on page 64? 何と何をする can be split as\n((何と何) + をする) + ため. The question is looking for the two groups of robots\naccording to their purpose/objective or ため.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T07:18:14.773", "id": "77398", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T07:18:14.773", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "29327", "parent_id": "77397", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "hi i was looking for the meaning of the word/words and i'm not sure i got the\nright meaning the sentence containing the word is\n\nあんなのと一緒にすんなっつうの", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T09:27:09.220", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77400", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T12:37:31.020", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38996", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "words", "conjugations" ], "title": "what does すんなっつう mean?", "view_count": 328 }
[ { "body": "すんな is a contraction of するな (\"do not\").\n\n * [Why is the て-form being used before ん?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61958/5010)\n\nっつの (っつうの) is like \"I say\", \"I said\", \"Hey\", \"Come on\", etc.\n\n * [What does っつの mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1252/5010)\n\nあんなの is \"something/someone like that\" with a derogatory nuance.\n\n> あんなのと一緒にすんなっつうの。\n>\n> (literally) Do not make [me/it] the same as that! \n> Don't lump me in with that bastard! \n> Come on, I'm not like that guy! \n> Hey, don't think this one is the same as that!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T12:37:31.020", "id": "77405", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T12:37:31.020", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77400", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "彼の車は私と同じです。\n\nDoes it have something to do with comparing nouns?\n\nIf so, why would と follow 私?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T11:40:07.350", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77402", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T12:11:41.760", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38808", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles" ], "title": "What exactly is the function of と in this sentence?", "view_count": 80 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77432", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[This question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/77402/what-\nexactly-is-the-function-of-%E3%81%A8-in-this-sentence) made me think.\n\n> 彼の車は私と同じです。 \n> His car is the same as **mine**.\n\nExcept that isn't a literal translation. A literal translation would be \"His\ncar is the same as **me** \". But I am not a car.\n\nWould it be incorrect to add a の into this sentence i.e.:\n\n> 彼の車は私 **の** と同じです。\n\nA Google search for \"私のと同じ\" does not result in many convincing hits so I'm\nassuming it's wrong.\n\nCan we understand this grammatically? Is the の just assumed to be redundant?\n...", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T12:35:01.500", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77404", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T09:21:12.863", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 10, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-と", "particle-の" ], "title": "私と同じ or 私のと同じ when comparing possession", "view_count": 596 }
[ { "body": "In Japanese, 彼の車は私と同じです is a perfectly natural sentence. When you compare two\nthings, this type of omission* is extremely common in Japanese, and it can be\nfound even in the most formal writings.\n\n(* This may seem to be \"omission\" from the English perspective, but Japanese\npeople may say nothing is omitted.)\n\nExamples:\n\n * 彼の英語は私より上手です。 \nHis English is better than mine.\n\n * 地球の体積は月より大きい。 \nThe volume of the earth is larger than that of the moon.\n\n * この店で売られているリンゴはあの店より美味しい。 \nApples sold at this store are more delicious than those sold at that store.\n\n * 彼の考えは君とは違う。 \nHis opinion is different from yours.\n\n * 限定版の値段は通常版と同じです。 \nThe price of the limited edition is the same as that of the regular edition.\n\n(Actually \"His car is the same as me\" is a common mistake made by Japanese\nstudents.)\n\nIf there were not many examples of 私のと同じ, it's probably because 私の is\nrelatively colloquial, and in speech の tends to be \"omitted\" anyway. Instead\nof の, you can use the stiffer pronoun (の)それ and say the following:\n\n * 彼の車は私の車と同じです。 \n彼の車は私のそれと同じです。\n\n * 地球の体積は月の体積より大きい。 \n地球の体積は月のそれより大きい。\n\nBut sentences like these are found mainly in strict technical documents or\ntranslated materials. You can (or should) stick to the shorter versions in\nmost cases.\n\n**EDIT:** Of course you have to avoid \"omission\" when it causes confusion:\n\n * 君のお父さんは僕のお父さんより背が高い。 \nYour father is taller than my father.\n\n * 君のお父さんは僕より背が高い。 \nYour father is taller than me.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T05:46:08.887", "id": "77432", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T08:58:47.740", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T08:58:47.740", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77404", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77426", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I read this sentence in a listening exam script from a past paper and I was\njust wondering what purpose the てもらう serves here. The conversation is as\nfollows;\n\n> M: 先生の誕生日に何かあげませんか。\n>\n> F: いいですね。毎日使ってもらえるものがいいですね。\n\nIs the nuance something like ' something we can have him use everyday....' ?\n\nWould the phrase not work fine without もらう? For example: 毎日使えるものがいいですね。\n\nThanks in advance! \nよろしくお願いします!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T12:50:40.263", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77406", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T12:43:23.803", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "32525", "post_type": "question", "score": 7, "tags": [ "grammar", "nuances", "giving-and-receiving" ], "title": "Nuance of もらう in 毎日使ってもらえるものがいい", "view_count": 144 }
[ { "body": "There is no direct equivalent of もらう in English, and \"have someone do ~\" is\njust one of the \"hacks\" to translate this もらう into English. In this case, they\nare expecting Sensei will use the gift _voluntarily_ , so \"we can have him\nuse\" may sound off (correct me if I'm wrong).\n\nNevertheless, this もらう is there because they (M & F) think they will feel\nhappy and thankful if Sensei uses the gift. It may be hard to translate this\ninto English, but it _is_ important in Japanese.\n\n毎日使えるもの also makes perfect sense in this context, but it may sound like they\nare not thinking about Sensei at this moment (i.e., \"something **(any)one**\ncan use every day\"). If they are thinking specifically about Sensei, including\nhis/her sex, personality or hobby (i.e., \"something **he/she** can use every\nday\"), 毎日使ってもらえるもの would sound more natural in Japanese.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T01:41:36.093", "id": "77426", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:48:56.690", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T01:48:56.690", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77406", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I’m sure you guys are well aware of the Japanese dictionary Goo.\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/>\n\nWhy is it called “Goo”? Even in romaji, Goo sounds unusual. I doubt it refers\nto the English meaning of the word. I did some research on google and as far\nas I can tell, it’s not a company either.\n\nIs it an acronym for something? I’d really like to know.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T13:33:39.767", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77407", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T21:21:17.103", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "37089", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "etymology", "dictionary", "resources" ], "title": "Goo Dictionary: What does it mean?", "view_count": 215 }
[ { "body": "As described in the [Wikipedia page](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goo), _goo_\nis supposedly an abbreviation for\n\n> 「 **g** lobal network が無限大( **∞** )に拡大し続ける」\n\ni.e. \" **g** lobal network continues to expand infinitely\" (infinity sign is\nrepresented by **oo** )", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T21:21:17.103", "id": "77417", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T21:21:17.103", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3295", "parent_id": "77407", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77412", "answer_count": 1, "body": "If you watch the Yuru Camp anime, I assume you've noticed this. The title of\nYuru Camp in Nihongo is ゆるキャン (yuru kyan) and not ゆるキャンプ (yuru kyanpu). Can\nyou explain to me why キャン is used instead of キャンプ which is the literal\ntranslation of camp?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T16:32:39.880", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77410", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T20:50:52.560", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-18T16:52:38.187", "last_editor_user_id": "39018", "owner_user_id": "39018", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "anime" ], "title": "What is with \"Yuru Camp\" title?", "view_count": 842 }
[ { "body": "I imagine that it’s just another instance of word contraction, which is common\nin Japanese. [Here](https://www.japanesepod101.com/blog/2015/08/14/what-are-\nsome-japanese-abbreviated-and-contracted-words/) is a relevant article. In\naddition to everyday words, it happens often with TV shows, band names, etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T18:13:12.417", "id": "77412", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-18T20:50:52.560", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-18T20:50:52.560", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "77410", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77422", "answer_count": 1, "body": "It's a line from 森田童子's 雨のクロール\n\n> 夏がめぐりめぐってもぽくはもう決して 泳がないだろう\n\nSource: <https://mojim.com/jpy113808x1x2.htm>\n\n> めぐりめぐって\n\nMeaning: 多くのところを巡っていって。巡り続けて。(going in circles, from one place to another and\ncoming back again)\n\nSource:\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%B7%A1%E3%82%8A%E5%B7%A1%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6/#jn-292048>\n\nWhy does she say \"Summer going around in circles\". I think translating it as\n\"Summer coming and going every year\" makes more sense but wanted to confirm if\nthis is what it actually means.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T18:09:10.243", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77411", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:10:12.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "18021", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "phrases", "song-lyrics" ], "title": "What does 「夏がめぐりめぐって」 mean?", "view_count": 89 }
[ { "body": "巡る has many [meanings](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%B7%A1%E3%82%8B/),\none of which is related to the \"cycle\" of months, seasons or ages:\n\n> 4 まわって再びもとに返る。「春がまた―・ってくる」「―・る月日」\n\n巡り巡って (\"around and around\", \"all the way around\") is an emphatic adverb made\nfrom 巡る, and it is safely used with 夏, too. In this case it roughly means \"no\nmatter how many summers come\" or \"even many years later in the summer\".\n\nThere are not many adverbs in the same form, but 積もり積もって and 回り回って are\nrelatively common.\n\nBy the way, that **ぽ** く is a mere typo made by the lyrics site. In the\noriginal song she is clearly saying ぼく.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T01:10:12.290", "id": "77422", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:10:12.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77411", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "Like for example, if I wanted to write/talk about the lily flower, do I need\nto write ユリの花 to discuss it or could I simply write ユリ or 百合.\n\nOn the side, for insects, like if I wanted to say butterfly, could I write\njust 蝶 or does 蝶の虫 work as well?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-18T23:12:06.607", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77419", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T03:18:19.687", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36937", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "When writing a flower, can you simply write its name alone instead of adding の花", "view_count": 117 }
[ { "body": "(ユリ or 百合)の花 describes a flower of lily (normally in blossom). I mean 花 is\nnormally describing the flower is \"in blossom\".\n\nユリ or 百合 often describes as the same meaning as above even without 花. It\nprobably mean not really describing the state of flowering of lily, but rather\nstating the group of flowers called \"lily\".\n\n蝶の虫 is bit awkward since 虫 is a large class. And 虫 does not mean any behavior\nof insects(I mean 虫 by itself does not indicate insects are flying or etc.),\nbut rather normally is a biological classification. So, saying only 蝶 is fine\nfor describing the group of insects celled \"butterfly\".\n\nAs an idiomatic phrase, 虫 itself means \"an enthusiast of something\"(野球の虫、勉強の虫,\netc.). So, 本の虫 is an idiomatic phrase for describe people like reading a lot.\nI think it's used in the same way as \"bookworm\" or \"bibliophile\" in English. I\nthink it may be possible to call a person who likes to collect butterflies and\nhas its specimen in a catalog as \"蝶の虫\" jokingly.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T00:27:48.360", "id": "77421", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T00:27:48.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "77419", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "花 means \"flower\", that colorful structure of plants. For example, this is 百合\nbut not 百合の花:\n\n[![百合](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0X7n7s.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0X7n7s.png)\n\nThis is 百合の花, but people often call this simply 百合:\n\n[![百合の花](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lN6t4s.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lN6t4s.png)\n\nWhen people say \"I like tulips\", it usually means they mainly like the\ncolorful flowers, not leaves or roots, right? Therefore, we don't usually\nbother to say チューリップの花が好きです. チューリップが好きです is enough most of the time.\n\nHowever, 百合 is special. 百合 also has [a slangy\nmeaning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_\\(genre\\)). If one says 百合が好きです,\nit can possibly mean two different things, depending on the context:\n\n[![百合](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lN6t4s.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lN6t4s.png)\n[![百合](https://i.stack.imgur.com/l9qo4s.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/l9qo4s.png)\n\n**THIS DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT**. Even otaku can use 百合 to mean something on\nthe left when he is talking about flowers. If someone (whether he is an otaku\nor not) says 私はヒマワリと百合が好きです, it means \"I like sunflowers and lilies\", but\nnever \"I like sunflowers and female-female romance\".\n\nStill, if you want to avoid any misunderstanding when there is not enough\ncontext, you can say **百合の花** が好きです. By explicitly adding の花, it only means\nthis:\n\n[![百合の花](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lN6t4s.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lN6t4s.png)\n\nThis is why people **_sometimes_** add の花 to 百合. You can confirm this by image\nsearch:\n\n * Pixiv Tag Search: [百合](https://www.pixiv.net/tags/%E7%99%BE%E5%90%88) and [百合の花](https://www.pixiv.net/tags/%E7%99%BE%E5%90%88%E3%81%AE%E8%8A%B1)\n * Yahoo! Image Search: [百合](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E7%99%BE%E5%90%88) vs [百合の花](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E7%99%BE%E5%90%88%E3%81%AE%E8%8A%B1)\n\nBut this doesn't mean you **_always_** have to say 百合の花. If there is enough\ncontext, 百合 is enough. You don't usually have to add の花 to other flowers,\neither. It won't cause any misunderstanding.\n\n(If you're still concerned about [this picture](http://otegaru-info.net/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2019/10/T-Tit-Ir-co-Ron-\nult_page-0003-e1571668755507-349x530.jpg), it says ユリ **の花** , so this does\n**not** refer to female-female romance.)\n\n蝶の虫 doesn't work. 花 refers to a part of a plant (a lily has flowers, leaves, a\nstalk, etc), but 虫 refers to an insect itself.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T03:10:46.823", "id": "77429", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T03:18:19.687", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T03:18:19.687", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77419", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "私が小学校へ入ったとき、近所のチャボのよいおん鳥をかりてきて、しばらくいっしょにおきました。ひよこができたとき、おん鳥もいっしょに「コッコッコッ」といいながら、えさをやります。\n**そのときの子どもはいま平の家にいます。平の家でもそのチャボはとてもはやかすのが上手だと喜んでいます。**", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T00:27:39.140", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77420", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T22:00:25.200", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39006", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "What is a 平の家? Does 子ども refer to here? The chicks? Finally. .what does it mean to be とても はやかすの", "view_count": 87 }
[ { "body": "This is a poorly-written essay with several grammar errors. (It's awful for an\naverage 11-year-old girl today, but this may have been written long ago when\neducation level was lower.) It's not difficult to guess the rough meaning of\neach sentence, but some word usages are indeed puzzling even to native\nspeakers today. I'm pretty certain about 子ども, but I may be wrong about 平の家 and\nはやかす.\n\n * 子ども certainly refers to the ひよこ, or the [Chabo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_bantam)'s chicken.\n * 平の家 is probably \"Taira's house\", i.e., the house owned by someone called 平. (Maybe the niece did not explain who 平 is?)\n * はやかす is not a common verb, but I guess it's a variant of [囃す](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%9B%83%E3%81%99), which is like \"to make sounds in a way they amuse/excite people\". In some dialects はやかす is a variant of 生やす, but 生やす doesn't make sense here.\n\nHere is my understanding of the sentences:\n\n> そのときの子どもはいま平の家にいます。 \n> The (Chabo's) child (I raised) at that time is now at Taira's house.\n>\n> 平の家でもそのチャボはとてもはやかすのが上手だと喜んでいます。 \n> Also at Taira's house, people are delighted that the Chabo is very good at\n> singing.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T21:40:30.473", "id": "77440", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T22:00:25.200", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T22:00:25.200", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77420", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77425", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm watching a show called \"Erased\", and there's this scene where the main\ncharacter is talking with himself (he's talking in his mind, not out loud) and\nI'm wondering what's the function of 「と」here, I've discussed it before with\nsome friends and they think this と is quoting here, but I'm not sure about it.\nWhat do you think? (I'm watching it on Netflix, and the English subtitles goes\nlike \"I'm scared I'll find out that I have nothing to offer the world.\").\n\n(About the discussion I had with my friends, we got something like \"(There is\nnothing for me) confirming that is scary.\").\n\n[![](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OJWK2.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OJWK2.jpg)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T01:10:55.753", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77423", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T05:20:39.490", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39039", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "「と」I'm kinda confused with the usage of it here", "view_count": 102 }
[ { "body": "It's unequivocally a quotative-と used with 確認する. A bit more literal\ntranslation would be:\n\n> <自分には何もない>と確認してしまうのが怖い。 \n> I'm afraid to confirm <I have nothing>.\n\nないと can be conditional in other contexts (e.g., この本がないと出来ない = \"I cannot do it\n_if_ I don't have this book\"), but 確認する is a verb that safely takes\nquotative-と.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T01:13:46.327", "id": "77425", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T05:20:39.490", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T05:20:39.490", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77423", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I've recently read about the slang that came from Kansai-ben, \"どや顔\" (doyagao)\nand realized that 顔 was spelt as \"がお\" instead of \"かお\". This is my first time\nseeing this so I was wondering what caused the reading to change.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T01:54:47.163", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77427", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:54:47.163", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36723", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words", "kanji", "readings" ], "title": "When is \"顔\" かお or がお?", "view_count": 34 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77430", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm trying to figure out what title would be appropriate for my business card\nat work. At my previous company, I was given ヘッドフロントエンドエンジニア, which is a\nlittle lengthy. I'd like a way to include seniority (Senior Frontend Engineer)\nwithout tacking on more katakana if there's an appropriate way to do so.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T02:22:22.687", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77428", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T03:35:14.217", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39040", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "business-japanese" ], "title": "Professional titles for IT Engineers", "view_count": 96 }
[ { "body": "It's your official title, so if you have a boss, you should ask them. If you\ncan decide your official title yourself, please read on.\n\nフロントエンドエンジニア may seem long, but it cannot be shortened. フロントエンド is a fairly\nnew concept, and it cannot be written in kanji. エンジニア would sound much nicer\nthan something like 開発者.\n\nヘッド is already short enough. シニア and チーフ have similar meanings, but they're\nnot shorter. You can use 主任 or 首席 if you really like, but IMHO the katakana-\nonly expression would look nicer. (Just to be sure, there can be only one\nヘッド/チーフ/主任/首席, but there can be many シニア's in your team.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T03:35:14.217", "id": "77430", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T03:35:14.217", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77428", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77437", "answer_count": 2, "body": "They can both translate as \"to lean\" but I think they're not interchangeable.\nOr are they? Take this sentence for example:\n\n> 地震で塀が傾いた。\n\nCan I use 偏る in this sentence?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T05:02:55.373", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77431", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T19:13:21.263", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "29327", "post_type": "question", "score": 8, "tags": [ "word-choice", "nuances" ], "title": "What's the difference between 偏る and 傾く?", "view_count": 1177 }
[ { "body": "傾く is used to describe a slope. So, the shockwave of earthquake bent the\nfence.\n\n偏る is used to describe that something is away from the average or the fitting\nline.\n\nTherefore, only 地震で塀が傾いた。works.\n\n* * *\n\nProbably I will edit this later on, if it is not detailed enough.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T10:39:38.733", "id": "77433", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T10:39:38.733", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "77431", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "If you describe physical inclination with those two words, it's like this:\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rWoEE.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rWoEE.png)\n\nThough English \"lean\" covers both, 偏る tells that something becomes uneven as\nif its center of gravity is drawing near to one side, while 傾く means that\nsomething loses its uprightness in a way getting unstable.\n\n> 船が傾いたので積んである石炭が偏った。 \n> The ship gave a lurch and the cargo of coal leaned to one side.\n\nFor your example:\n\n> 地震で塀が傾いた。\n\nit cannot be replaced with 偏る in the usual sense, unless, say, what you have\nthought is wall is actually a sandbag-like structure and its packed content\nflows to either side due to the earthquake.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T19:06:29.523", "id": "77437", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T19:13:21.263", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T19:13:21.263", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "77431", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77438", "answer_count": 2, "body": "> だが、十香のいる水族館と目と鼻の先 **というのは** 、精神衛生上あまりよろしくなかった。\n\nContext: the protagonist (士道) is dating 十香 and they went to 水族館 together. But\nin the process of watching fishes in 水族館, 士道 runs away, pretending to go to\nthe restroom because he has to date another girl, 折紙. 折紙 offers to eat in a\nrestaurant, which happens to be close to the 水族館. 士道 worries that they might\nrun into 十香 if they go to that restaurant.\n\nQuestion: how would the nuance change if we omit the bold というの by just saying\nは?\n\nI found a seemingly related question here.\n\n[What is the difference between というのは or は when used as a topical\nmarker?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76909/30454)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T10:52:14.277", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77434", "last_activity_date": "2022-01-13T01:19:36.850", "last_edit_date": "2022-01-12T22:36:30.823", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "36662", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "particle-は" ], "title": "How is というのは different from は?", "view_count": 255 }
[ { "body": "Although it may seem possible to grammatically replace that というのは with は, in\nfact, not really. The last word 先 (part of the idiom\n[目と鼻の先](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%A8%E9%BC%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%85%88/))\nis certainly a noun, but if we take what comes before というのは as a noun phrase,\nthe part 十香のいる水族館と will fail to parse, because [unlike English prepositions,\nJapanese particles alone cannot modify\nnouns](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27363/7810).\n\nInstead, it is a clause with the last copula (だ) omitted, so that ~水族館と can be\nan argument of predicate. Omission of the dictionary form だ(/である/です) is more\nnormal a practice in speech and literature than otherwise.\n\nThen というの is just doing its job making the subordinate clause compatible with\nparticle は. と adopts the subclause to make it a functional adverbial phrase in\nthe main clause; いう makes it an attributive (≈ adjective); and finally の\nconvert it to a noun in order to connect with は.\n\n> [十香のいる水族館と目と鼻の先だ]というのは… \n> \"(the thing/fact/situation) that [(it) is eye-and-nose distance (= a\n> stone's throw) from the aquarium where Tōka is] is...\"\n\nIf you don't want to use というのは here, you can have other options including なのは,\nwhich is direct conjugation of だ into nominalizer の.\n\n> 十香のいる水族館と目と鼻の先なのは… \n> \"to be a stone's throw away from the aquarium where Tōka is is...\"", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T21:37:40.060", "id": "77438", "last_activity_date": "2022-01-13T01:19:36.850", "last_edit_date": "2022-01-13T01:19:36.850", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "77434", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "[Daijirin\nsays](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF-579247):\n\n> と言うのは(連語 )\n>\n> ①(接続詞的に用いて)原因・理由の説明を導く語。そのわけは。なぜならば。 「私は答えに困った。-、そんな事を考えたこともなかったから」\n>\n> ②(接続助詞的に用いて)主語を示す。 「話-、そのことですか」\n\n* * *\n\nMy attempt at translation (not a linguist...)\n\n> 1. (used like a conjunction) guides the explanation of the cause/origin or\n> a reason. The reason is..., because ....\n>\n\n>\n> \"I was troubled for an answer. Actually, I've never even thought about such\n> things before.\"\n>\n> 2. (used like a conjunction) indicates the subject\n>\n\n>\n> \"By 'talk', did you mean about that thing?\"\n\n* * *\n\nIt seems the question you linked is discussing the second sense (subject)\nwhile here you seem to have the first (reason/cause). Another dictionary\nlinked on the same page says it's a variation of `というわけは` (~ is the reason)\n\nBack to the sentence, `目と鼻の先` is an idiom meaning \"face to face\", \"very\nclose\", \"just around the corner\" and so on, so I imagine something like:\n\n> However, because the aquarium where Touka(?) remained was \"right under one's\n> nose\" as they say, it wasn't a particularly good situation in regards to\n> [my] mental state.\n\nSince というのは is not simply indicating the subject here, you can't just replace\nit by は, you'd probably need to modify the sentence to show the connection in\nanother way.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T21:38:01.037", "id": "77439", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T21:38:01.037", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "3295", "parent_id": "77434", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 3, "body": "I came across this sentence today and it stumped me a little.\n\n> 日本で色々な **場面に合った** 話し方が出来るように、日本に行く前に色々なスピーチレベルの話し方を練習しておいた\n\nThe 場面に合った part I’m don’t understand, and why is it in past tense?\n\nThank you in advance!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T14:01:34.003", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77436", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T12:05:28.297", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T22:23:34.027", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "38484", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "translation" ], "title": "Could someone please explain the meaning of 場面に合った?", "view_count": 272 }
[ { "body": "> 場面に合った話し方\n\nThis used be 合うべき Old/Middle Japanese べき is translated as 'should'. \nWhen you think of 'should' is a past tense of 'shall'.\n\n> The way of talking which **should** fit into the situation.\n\nAnd 場面に合う話し方 isn't too bad, either.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T23:33:42.280", "id": "77443", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T23:33:42.280", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "77436", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "場面 is \"scene/situation\", and 合う is \"to match/fit/accord\". 場面に合う is \"to fit the\nsituation\". Therefore, 場面に合った話し方 is \"the way of speaking that fits the\nsituation\", \"appropriate way of speaking for each scene\", etc.\n\nRegarding this た, it describes not 過去 (past tense) but something called 完了\n(perfect aspect). It describes the continuation of the state as a result of an\naction. It's the fourth definition of デジタル大辞泉:\n\n> ### た\n>\n> 4 動作・作用の結果が存続している意を表す。…ている。…てある。「割れたガラス窓から風が吹き込む」\n\nThis type of た is often interchangeable with\n[ている](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122). Please see the following\nrelated questions:\n\n * [What are the general principles of using verbs to modify nouns (e.g. 焦げるトースト/焦げたトースト)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11975)\n * [\"太ってる猫\" vs \"太った猫\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3361)\n * [Use of かける (N5 question)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29671)\n\n合う, as well as its antonym 間違う, is an instant state-change verb. You may know\nyou can say 合っています (\"that's correct\") and 間違っています (\"that's wrong\").\n\n(By the way, the archaic version of this type of た is\n[たり](https://www.kotenbunpou.com/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A-%E3%82%8A/),\nnot べし/べき. たる is the attributive form of たり, so 咲きたる桜 in archaic Japanese is\n咲いた桜 or 咲いている桜 in modern Japanese.)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T20:33:35.693", "id": "77468", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T20:53:56.427", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77436", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 }, { "body": "It is basically \"Before going to Japan I practiced speaking at various levels\nso that I could speak in various situations in Japan.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T04:17:03.353", "id": "77477", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T12:05:28.297", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T12:05:28.297", "last_editor_user_id": "29327", "owner_user_id": "39073", "parent_id": "77436", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77442", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Red enclosed area is the word include \"X\"\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tUvC7.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tUvC7.png)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T22:18:44.800", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77441", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T12:07:29.003", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-19T22:37:16.223", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "27768", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "manga", "symbols" ], "title": "\"Xうわ\"? What is X in image?", "view_count": 128 }
[ { "body": "\"X\" is not a glyph, it's a type of mark often used in _manga_ in situations of\nsurprise or similar reactions with some sudden emotional response. The same\nmark also appears above the woman on the left of the girl. (See also\n@broccoli's [link](https://ai-\ncatcher.com/blog/2016/10/06/%E9%A9%9A%E3%81%8D/).)\n\nThe うわー written next to the little girl can also be used to convey surprise,\nlike \"wow!\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-19T22:35:30.243", "id": "77442", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T12:07:29.003", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T12:07:29.003", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "77441", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "[![伊藤:塔矢は負ける!これなら5分と持たずに](https://i.stack.imgur.com/urbUK.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/urbUK.jpg)\n\nI understand this sentence as meaning \"Touya will lose! At this rate he will\nnot last 5 minutes\" but I am puzzled as to why と is used here\n\n[With a direct\nsearch](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%A8%E6%8C%81%E3%81%9F%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AB%22)\ni see that \"と持たずに\" is not only a used phrase, but it seems to always be used\nwith time expressions. However I don't know what sort of と this is, and a\nphrase like (5分)と持つ doesn't seem to exist. In fact a phrase like 'last 5\nminutes' seems to be 5分持つ without any particle, so I am a little lost.\n\nI wondered if I should interpret it as a conditional と, so that the meaning is\nsomething like \"five minutes like this and he will not last\" but I am pretty\nsure that is not right.\n\nAny help would be appreciated.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T02:25:05.373", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77444", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T02:25:05.373", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30813", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "particle-と" ], "title": "これなら5分と持たずに… (purpose of と particle)", "view_count": 29 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "For instance,\n\n日本に来たら、毎日寿司を食べました。\n\nDoes this make sense grammatically? I tried to translate: \"Ever since I came\nto Japan, I've been eating sushi everyday.\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T05:20:49.710", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77445", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T08:30:13.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35471", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Can たら be used like \"ever since?\"", "view_count": 253 }
[ { "body": "I think you want to say \"日本に来てから、毎日寿司を食べています\" so the final verb also changes a\nbit, indicating you are still eating that delicious sushi daily.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T08:30:13.360", "id": "77450", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T08:30:13.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39054", "parent_id": "77445", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77447", "answer_count": 1, "body": "The full sentence was 人気のある情報を見る, found on a button. Why would のある instead of\nfor instance な", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T05:48:32.870", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77446", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T07:16:24.547", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "507", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "adjectives" ], "title": "What is the purpose of のある in 人気のある?", "view_count": 561 }
[ { "body": "人気 works both as a noun (\"popularity\") and as a no-/na-adjective (\"popular\").\nThe following sentences mean the same thing:\n\n_\"Pokémon is popular with children.\"_\n\n * ポケモンは子供に人気です。\n * ポケモンは子供に人気があります。\n\nEnglish speakers don't usually say \"there is popularity\", but Japanese\nspeakers do say 人気がある for whatever reason. Both sentences are very common and\nI don't even know which is more common.\n\nNaturally, you can construct relative clauses from them. The following noun\nphrases mean the same thing:\n\n_\"a Pokémon which is popular with children\"_\n\n * 子供に人気なポケモン\n * 子供に人気のポケモン\n * 子供に人気があるポケモン\n * 子供に人気のあるポケモン", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T07:16:24.547", "id": "77447", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T07:16:24.547", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77446", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77449", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I have been playing Dai Gyakuten Saiban 2 with assistance from a script for\nthe main game, but I am completely lost in (what I think is) the DLC menu and\nsome unidentified characters popped up. I got 夕イトル画-に戻--す。 so far, with -\nbeing characters I haven't gotten yet. The first one looks like a 3x3 grid\nwith a small T on top, the third is a backwards C with a line coming up from\nthe top, and the third is a T with two top lines and a swirly bottom. Could\nsomeone help me by letting me know what the characters are?", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T07:52:52.237", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77448", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T08:25:42.997", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39053", "post_type": "question", "score": -2, "tags": [ "writing-identification" ], "title": "Can someone help me identify some characters?", "view_count": 84 }
[ { "body": "The first one must be 面 as part of 画面. I'm pretty sure the whole this is\n\"Return to the title screen\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T08:25:42.997", "id": "77449", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T08:25:42.997", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39054", "parent_id": "77448", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77454", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I know that ゼミ is short for ゼミナール (seminar), but the word seems to be used\ndifferently than how it's used in English. My guess from the times I've seen\nit used is that it's a catch-all term for university classes, is that correct?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T10:15:23.057", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77453", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T10:34:54.913", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T10:34:54.913", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "39007", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "words", "usage", "loanwords", "jargon" ], "title": "Is ゼミ a synonym for a university class?", "view_count": 231 }
[ { "body": "I don't think it's quite a catch-all phrase, but I guess people may use ゼミ for\nsmaller specialized classes with more professor–student interaction, even if\nthe professor actually gives all the lectures/talks. (I guess in this case you\nwould use \"course\" and not \"seminar\" in English.)\n\nI don't think ゼミ would be used for the main compulsory classes in an\nundergraduate programme.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T10:33:44.427", "id": "77454", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T10:33:44.427", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "77453", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77456", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[![verb\nのが好きです](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XVl5s.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XVl5s.png)\n\nCan someone explain? I just don't quite understand it.\n\nThanks.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T10:35:35.493", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77455", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T13:29:08.883", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T13:29:08.883", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "36633", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "verbs", "nouns", "nominalization" ], "title": "I don't understand Genki1's explanation of using の after verbs", "view_count": 230 }
[ { "body": "Adding \"の\" immediately after a verb turns the verb into a noun. English does\nsomething similar with \"-ing.\"\n\nTo swim in Japanese is 泳ぐ.\n\nBut if you want to say that you like swimming, 私は泳ぐが好きです does not make sense.\nThat's a bit like saying \"I like swim\" in English. We want to say \"I like\nswimming/I like to swim.\"\n\nSo you add の after 泳ぐ and now you have 泳ぐの.\n\n泳ぐ = the verb \"to swim.\"\n\n泳ぐの = the noun \"swimming.\"\n\n\"I like swimming\" in Japanese is \"私は **泳ぐの** が好きです.\"\n\nGenki also mentions in your screenshot that if the thing you're talking about\nis already a noun and not a verb, you do not need の. For example, \"猫が好きです\" is\n\"I like cats.\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T11:00:04.153", "id": "77456", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T11:00:04.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38808", "parent_id": "77455", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was wondering what そいつら means, and is 知らんからな slang? Here is the sentence:\n\n> 俺はそいつらのことよく知らんからな。\n\nI know they slur their vowels to make things easier to say. Or maybe this is a\nnew word that I can't find in the dictionary.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T11:07:12.810", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77457", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T14:53:45.380", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T11:18:43.743", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "38996", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-choice", "conjugations", "slang" ], "title": "\"What is そいつら and what kind of conjugation is 知らんからな?", "view_count": 157 }
[ { "body": "そいつら means \"they\"(or more precisely \"the fellows\"). When \"ら\" is added to a\npronoun, it becomes a plural one. For example, 彼 means he, and 彼ら means they.\n\n知らん means 知らない, which is kinda oral expression. The whole sentence means\n\"because I don't know much about them\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T14:50:52.553", "id": "77462", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T14:53:45.380", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T14:53:45.380", "last_editor_user_id": "22352", "owner_user_id": "39061", "parent_id": "77457", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "On page 158 of Genki 1, it has the sentence\n\n> ロバートさんは料理を作るのが上手です\n>\n> Robert is good at cooking meals.\n\nIf I take the definitions of a couple of the words: 料理 = cooking 作る =\nmaking/preparing (food)\n\nThen the phrase \"料理を作る\" should mean \"preparing cooking\". To me this doesn't\nmake sense (the phrase \"preparing cooking\", as well as it not matching up with\nGenki's translation) because Genki's translation is \" _Robert is good at\ncooking meals_ \".\n\nIf you want the sentence to mean \"Robert is good at cooking meals\", then\nshouldn't the sentence be:\n\n\"ロバートさんは食事を料理するが上手です\" (I'm not sure if this is 100% correct, please correct me\nif I am wrong)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T11:47:59.480", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77458", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T12:26:40.307", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "36633", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-choice", "word-usage" ], "title": "Why is 料理 used?", "view_count": 238 }
[ { "body": "\"料理\" isn't used only for 'cooking' but also 'meal'. In case of 'meal' meaning,\nit focuses on a cooker. That means 'meal' cooked by someone.\n\nLet's see the search results of google images.\n\n[https://www.google.com/search?q=%E6%96%99%E7%90%86&sxsrf=ALeKk034AheUFmBQhcIqS4ibFIc5D_I82g:1589975590745&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_nabSsMLpAhXYUt4KHZUrDpoQ_AUoAnoECA8QBA&biw=1326&bih=824](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E6%96%99%E7%90%86&sxsrf=ALeKk034AheUFmBQhcIqS4ibFIc5D_I82g:1589975590745&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_nabSsMLpAhXYUt4KHZUrDpoQ_AUoAnoECA8QBA&biw=1326&bih=824)\n\nMerely '料理' shows photos of meals and recipes.\n\nBut when we search with '料理する', we get many 'cooking' photo.\n\n[https://www.google.com/search?q=%E6%96%99%E7%90%86%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B&sxsrf=ALeKk03Rk7CFnECu5tSeyOI0NgzBUZtkrw:1589975712887&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLpsWMscLpAhURM94KHcJEDGgQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1326&bih=824](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E6%96%99%E7%90%86%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B&sxsrf=ALeKk03Rk7CFnECu5tSeyOI0NgzBUZtkrw:1589975712887&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLpsWMscLpAhURM94KHcJEDGgQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1326&bih=824)\n\nThis is our mental model of '料理'. \nMere '料理' focuses much on meal cooked, so we better to add '作る' or 'する' to\nexpress 'cooking'.\n\n> \"ロバートさんは食事を料理するが上手です\"\n\nIn your last example, 'の' or 'こと' after '料理する' is missing.\n\n> \"ロバートさんは食事を料理するのが上手です\"\n\nThis is good. But it still sounds redundant a little because under '料理する'\nsituation '食事を' is obvious. So it's not needed. \"ロバートさんは料理するのが上手です\" sounds\nbetter.\n\nLast of all, I said mere '料理' focuses much on 'meal' but there still is\nmeaning of 'cooking'. We can also say \"ロバートさんは料理が上手です\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T12:26:40.307", "id": "77461", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T12:26:40.307", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38911", "parent_id": "77458", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "What is the difference between 兄 and 兄上? These two words both mean ‘older\nbrother’, but is there any nuance in the meaning?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T11:59:00.363", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77459", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T11:59:00.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38565", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning", "word-choice" ], "title": "What is the difference between 兄 and 兄上?", "view_count": 151 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77465", "answer_count": 1, "body": "From this manga panel:\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jOQ6I.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jOQ6I.png)\n\nI am trying to understand「せんで」.\n\nMy guess is it's negated する. In Kansai-ben, I've read that しない=せん, but why is\nで added (instead of て like しなくて)? Is this how to て-form other ん ending verbs\nsuch as せえへん?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T15:34:15.860", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77464", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T22:20:45.563", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T15:39:55.247", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38878", "post_type": "question", "score": 6, "tags": [ "て-form", "negation", "kansai-ben" ], "title": "Help understanding せんで?", "view_count": 207 }
[ { "body": "It is the negative て form of the verb する. This is common in many dialects and\nnot just Kansai. It is the standard way of speaking on Kyushu. Note that the\nconjugation in question can be used for two different conjugations in standard\nJapanese, both of which are applicable but with different nuance:\n\n```\n\n せんで = しなくて\n せんで = しないで\n \n```\n\nThe former means that you do not have to do it, whereas the latter means that\nyou want to do it but do not have to.\n\nHere is a very nice table summarizing a lot of the main dialectal differences\nin Japanese, where you can also find せん:\n\n[日本語の方言の比較表 on the Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E3%81%AE%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%A1%A8)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T15:56:20.180", "id": "77465", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-20T22:20:45.563", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T22:20:45.563", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "20305", "parent_id": "77464", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm a little confused. If, for example, a man is singing a song written by a\nwoman, and it has ending particles such a \"の\" \"なの\" etc. What are the male\nequivalent of these, or which ones are to be omitted? Or do you leave them?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-20T18:36:50.797", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77467", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T15:26:35.893", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-20T20:14:12.823", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "39066", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "particles", "sentence-final-particles" ], "title": "How to omit and change female end particles?", "view_count": 141 }
[ { "body": "As far as lyrics are concerned, in the Japanese culture, the original lyrics\nare **never** modified even when they are sung by someone of the opposite sex.\nIf the original lyrics say わよ, a male singer sing them as わよ. That's not\nstrange at all, and no one thinks he is gay. (In English-speaking cultures,\nthis may not be true. You can see \"his\" changed to \"her\", and so on.)\n\nTraditionally, Japanese singers have made and sung many songs completely from\nthe perspective of the opposite sex, using words of the opposite sex. Famous\nones include [女のみち](https://youtu.be/5zKcksI14X8),\n[心凍らせて](https://youtu.be/Uvh4-WmYPOo) and [舟歌](https://youtu.be/-QEEdJH4bws).\n(Note that these are not \"covers\". The guy with mustache in the first video\nwrote 女のみち by himself, sang it by himself, and sold over 4 million copies.)\n\nOutside lyrics, feminine の can be changed to よ/さ/ぜ/etc, and feminine なの can be\nchanged to だよ/さ/だぜ/etc. For example, 手を繋いだの → 繋いだよ/繋いださ/繋いだぜ, 好きなの →\n好きだよ/好きさ/好きだぜ. Again, **don't** do this in a karaoke room. It's funny at\nleast, and some people would feel it's disrespectful and offensive.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T03:22:17.090", "id": "77475", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T15:26:35.893", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T15:26:35.893", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77467", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77485", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I was sorting trough some items when cleaning when i found an old gift card\nfrom a old japanese friend/teacher that I lost contact with, and I can't\nunderstand what she wanted to mean when transcribing my name, because as far\nas I know sometimes kanji change readings when they are on a name, and I\ndidn't got far with the language, but now this made me feel like start again.\n\nAnyways what could be the meaning of this name?\n\nShe worte it like 二湖羅須\n\nmy name is nicolás\n\n二 is two\n\n湖 means lake\n\n羅 means gauze\n\n須 means ought\n\nWhat could it be read as, could these kanji change meaning when combined, or\nis it gibberish to match the sounds?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T01:05:02.467", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77470", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T13:18:18.670", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T12:48:33.570", "last_editor_user_id": "22352", "owner_user_id": "39070", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "names" ], "title": "Help reading name", "view_count": 118 }
[ { "body": "It doesn't mean anything at all. The kanjis were selected so it would match\nニコラス, in the same way that すし is transcribed to 寿司.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T01:15:06.767", "id": "77471", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T01:15:06.767", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "29327", "parent_id": "77470", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "In Japanese, name kanji does not necessarily have meaning, apart from being a\nname. Frequently, you can deduce a coherent connection for name kanji such\nthat it _appears_ to have a meaning. These would be names like Inoue (井上),\nNakata (中田), and others. However, even in Japanese, there are surnames in\nwhich the kanji just does not mean anything. Examples would be Oonishi (大西),\nShiomi (塩見), and others.\n\nWhen it comes to given names, the same is true. Some given names have a\nmeaning when you look at the kanji involved, some don't. It really depends on\nthe parents, and their reasons for choosing the name.\n\nThe same is true in English. Names like Forrest, or Cliff do have meanings\nthat can be comprehended outside of being a given name (if you ignore the\nspelling). However, as native speakers we rarely focus on what the name means\noutside of the context of what we call each other.\n\n* * *\n\n**TL;DR**\n\nThe kanji that your friend chose for you does not necessarily have a meaning\nattached to it. Judging from what you have, I would assume that this is the\ncase. Sometimes a name is just a name. That being said, you can be creative\nand attempt to create a cool meaning out of the characters given. Just know\nthat you'll likely have to explain it to those that are interested, regardless\nof their fluency in Japanese.\n\nIf you want your kanji to have a cool meaning/story attached to your name\nkanji, you can do some work on your own to derive a cool combination.\nDepending on who you associate with, it may earn you brownie points with your\nJapanese friends. Apart from being cool however, the kanji is ultimately a\nbunch of symbols that represent sounds used in your name.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T13:18:18.670", "id": "77485", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T13:18:18.670", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "22352", "parent_id": "77470", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77473", "answer_count": 2, "body": "So, I was reading through a list of options in Japanese when I saw\n\"SharePointで開く.\" My initial reaction was to read it as あく but it felt wrong\nand thought that maybe it was ひらく. I checked this\n[link](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6449/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%89%E3%81%8F-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%98%E3%82%8B-vs-%E3%81%82%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%97%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B)\nand it said that あく is intransitive but ひらく can be both transitive and\nintransitive.\n\nIn the end, I decided that it should be read as ひらく because although there was\nno を to tell that the verb was transitive, I think it was already obvious from\nthe context that it meant [フォルダを]SharePointで開く which means that あく wouldn't\nwork in this case.\n\nIs my line of reasoning correct? Or can this be read as あく (given the absence\nof を)?\n\n[![Options](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CWgC5.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CWgC5.png)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T01:57:33.913", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77472", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T20:55:18.423", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T04:28:03.323", "last_editor_user_id": "29327", "owner_user_id": "29327", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "readings" ], "title": "Reading 開く in SharePointで開く", "view_count": 440 }
[ { "body": "Your reasoning is perfectly correct. It's \"SharePointで開く【ひらく】\". Even in\nEnglish, this can be said without explicitly mentioning the object, like \"Open\nwith SharePoint\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T02:25:05.983", "id": "77473", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T02:25:05.983", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77472", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "You have an object in your sentence (i.e. SharePoint)\n\nBecause you have an object in your sentence, you are using a 開くas a transitive\nverb.\n\nBecause you are using 開くas a transitive verb, you read it as \"ひらく\"", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T20:55:18.423", "id": "77491", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T20:55:18.423", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36222", "parent_id": "77472", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I'm having trouble with the following passage in the sentence below.\n\n設定のイメージに近い仕上がり\n\nGoogle translate gives me \"a finish close to the image of the setting\".\n\nI've tried looking up 近い仕上がり and it gives me something like \"to the point of\"\nor \"near ____ quality\", but up I'm still unsure of 設定のイメージ. Does it mean\nsomething like \"visual scenario\" or more generally \"visual diorama (out of\nyour favourite anime or manga)\". Maybe image has a different nuance meaning in\nJapanese?\n\nHere is the full sentence below\n\nキットのランナーは6色成型。また、フェイスパーツや瞳パーツなどの合計11パーツが塗装済みの仕様で、組み立てただけでも設定のイメージに近い仕上がりをお楽しみいただけます", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T05:06:59.897", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77478", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T08:16:57.680", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39074", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "trouble understanding phrase 設定のイメージに近い仕上がり", "view_count": 101 }
[ { "body": "Without seeing it, I assume that sentence is referring to a picture on the box\nof the kit. They are indicating that since certain parts are already colored,\nthe final result will look similar to the image just by assembling it, i.e.\nwith no extra effort. The implication being that you might also paint it if\nyou wanted to get it to look exactly like (rather than 近い, or close to) the\nimage on the box or in the example photo or whatever.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T05:46:14.600", "id": "77479", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T05:46:14.600", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39054", "parent_id": "77478", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "設定のイメージ = Imagined final product/result\n\nYou hear this phrase often, especially with assembled products or architecture\nor a master plan. It envisions what the end result will look like when\ncompleted as planned.\n\n> 組み立てただけでも設定のイメージに近い仕上がりをお楽しみいただけます \n> Even when only pieced together, you can enjoy having the product look\n> similar to the finished product.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-06-22T07:12:27.297", "id": "78155", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T08:16:57.680", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-22T08:16:57.680", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "39435", "parent_id": "77478", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "For example, how can you translate the sentence:\n\n前項の決定に加わる外、その他の業務を行う。", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T07:51:36.410", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77481", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T07:51:36.410", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21755", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation" ], "title": "What is the meaning of 外 after a verb?", "view_count": 83 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "hoping for some clarification here. This is my example:\n\nこれはめっちゃ粘って食べるのは難しい\n\nThe reason I used 食べるのは難しい rather than 食べにくい is because my understanding is\nthat にくい・やすい is used for psychological difficulty (You don't want to buy\nsomething because it's embarrassing) versus physical/mechanical difficulty\n(having trouble chewing something because it's sticky). I made a post on\nHelloTalk but that natives simply told me にくい is more casual. Is that really\nthe only difference then?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T08:38:03.443", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77482", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T12:03:44.903", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T16:31:50.497", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "32713", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "casual" ], "title": "Verb(ますstem)にくい vs Verb(dictionary form)のは難しい", "view_count": 153 }
[ { "body": "Basically, \"食べにくい\" is very common. And \"食べるのが難しい\" is certainly not casual but\nit never sounds formal too.\n\n> having trouble chewing something because it's sticky\n\nIn your example above, since this situation leads psychological difficulty\nafter all, actually this is exact case of \"食べにくい\".\n\nPlease note these first of all.\n\nThen, let me show my sense of the difference between \"-にくい\" and \"-のが難しい\". \n\"-にくい\" sounds quite intuitive/illogical while \"-のが難しい\" is rational/logical.\n\"食べるのが難しい\" sounds more like \"When eating it makes me thinking.\"\n\nFor example, when you eat boiled crab for the first time in Japan(Japanese\npeople really like it!), you'll find it's really technical! You have to take\none, break it off and pick meat from shell by using a special fork. You could\nsay \"食べるのが難しいね\" in such a situation.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T12:03:44.903", "id": "77534", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T12:03:44.903", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38911", "parent_id": "77482", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "Hello I'm currently learning Kanjis ( well I had already JPLT N4 level but I\nwant to speed up my learning ) so I decided to learn meaning and writing of\nKanjis through Heisig Method. I'm learning the primitives first on an anki\ndeck ( I also got the books) and sometimes I'm a bit puzzled about the\nprimitive meaning.\n\nWhy did he invent the primitive meanings? I have come across meanings such as\nteepee ( I doubt Middle Age chinese civilisation was aware of American\nIndian...), scrapbook, missile, staple gun, thanksgiving... he came up with\nthose meanings and that's really too bad, we don't know the true meaning of\nprimitives though I'm sure they exist...Do you now where I could find the true\noriginal meaning of the primitive\n\nAlso I'm a bit confuse when I see a primitive constructed from other primitive\nwith a '\"strange meaning\" like \"child\" made of \"hat\" and \"elbow\". How did the\nguys came up with a construction like that? Where could I find real\nexplanations for the construction of primitives?\n\nThanks for your enlightenments!", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T08:48:57.567", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77483", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-05T17:12:43.183", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T09:18:12.513", "last_editor_user_id": "4292", "owner_user_id": "4292", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning", "kanji", "learning" ], "title": "Question about original meaning of primitives in Heisig method", "view_count": 1329 }
[ { "body": "As dROOOze has already mentioned, and as Heisig has mentioned himself, the\nprimitive's meanings are made up, in part or in full. I suggest you read the\n[preface](https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/en/files/2012/12/RK-1-6th-edition-\nsample.pdf).\n\n> The basic alphabet of the imaginative world hidden in the kanji we may call,\n> following traditional terminology, primitive elements (or simply\n> primitives). These are not to be confused with the so-called “radicals”\n> which form the basis of etymological studies of sound and meaning, and now\n> are used for the lexical ordering of the characters. In fact, most of the\n> radicals are themselves primitives, but the number of primitives is not\n> restricted to the traditional list of radicals.\n\nIf you want to know how those kanjis were derived, feel free to post your\nquestion here, because Heisig's method won't give you that. Post your\nquestions on this site and kanji experts including dROOOze will help you with\nthat.\n\nNow, this is my opinion. If you can handle the **deluge** of kanji, then\nfollow RTK to the letter. In my case, I did not. I studied RTK out of a need\nto survive my Japanese class, where we were asked to write down words from\nmemory, words which were pedagogically beyond our level and which included\nkanjis that were difficult to remember. A ready-made RTK Anki deck helped me\npass those kanji tests. For that reason, I'm thankful for Heisig's RTK. I do\nsuggest though that you try a lighter version of RTK that only deals with 教育漢字\nwhich is just half of the 常用漢字. It's less frustrating.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T12:22:10.157", "id": "77484", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T05:25:45.410", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-22T05:25:45.410", "last_editor_user_id": "29327", "owner_user_id": "29327", "parent_id": "77483", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "It's mostly to serve as a building block for more complex characters, for him\nto create the \"stories\" using already pre-determined characters. Most of the\nprimitives don't have direct translations and aren't used in anything other\nthan as part of larger kanji. The only other place you'll find most of them is\nin names. It's good to remember them as Heisig titles them if you're using his\nmethod of creating stories as it helps to add meaning to kanji that would be\nhard to create stories for otherwise. It's also fine to change the meaning of\nthe primitives to something you prefer, so long as you can change the stories\nthat the primitive is later used in around the new meaning.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-06-05T17:12:43.183", "id": "77827", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-05T17:12:43.183", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39262", "parent_id": "77483", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 士道とのデートはとても楽しい。二人で歩いているだけで、喋っているだけで、本当に時間を忘れてしまうような感覚を得ることができる。 でも、いや、だからこそ\n> ---------士道がいなくなってしまったあとの寂しさは、より強くなってしまう **のだった** 。\n\nHi. I know のだった has some different usages than のだ. For example, according to\n大辞林,\n\n> (「のだった」の形で)事態の説明をやや詠嘆的に言い表す。 「一人思い出にふける-・だった」\n\nDoes the above definition apply to my example? If not, is the のだった in my\nexample just past tense of のだ? If so, is there any reason why のだった is used\nthere instead of simply のだ? Thank you.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T14:16:59.990", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77486", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-16T12:07:45.830", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T15:36:40.007", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "36662", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "explanatory-の" ], "title": "Why is のだった used here?", "view_count": 204 }
[ { "body": "That definition is fine, but you can just consider it as a cliche in\nnarratives.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T10:35:04.767", "id": "77507", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T10:35:04.767", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "77486", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77497", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I assumed with my very limited knowledge it would be シェリフ, however when I put\nit into a sentence with Google Translate, シェリフ instead was represented as 保安官,\nand pronounced ホアンカン rather than シェリフ. So now I want to confirm what the\nproper way to say/write \"Sheriff\" is. I think perhaps Google Translate\npronouncing it ホアンカン could simply be it misreading Kanji, and I do not know\nenough about Kanji to be sure so I want to ask...\n\nWhat is the proper way to pronounce/write \"Sheriff\" and would it change\ndepending on if I'm using it in a sentence, or other specific context?", "comment_count": 9, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T15:37:53.503", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77487", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T03:27:18.870", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T17:40:15.557", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "39079", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "translation", "word-choice" ], "title": "How to say \"Sheriff\" in Japanese?", "view_count": 465 }
[ { "body": "I'm really a beginner on japanese, but maybe this can be helpful:\n\nSearching at [Jisho](http://jisho.org) (an amazing dictionary, if you don't\nknow it yet) for \"sheriff\", I found the [same\nkanji](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%98) that you got on\nGoogle Translate, with the same pronunciation (ほあんかん). Also, searching for\nthis kanji on Google images, I found these two images:\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tw8sg.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tw8sg.png)\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U1rhS.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U1rhS.png)\n\nIt is from a manga called 保安官エヴァンスの嘘 or The Lies of Sheriff Evans. So, ほあんかん\nseems to really shows the meaning that you want.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T23:13:31.607", "id": "77494", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T23:13:31.607", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38577", "parent_id": "77487", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Oh, Google Translate does something especially weird and confusing in this\ncase...\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8hRAA.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8hRAA.png)\n\n(And the voice synthesizer says \"Jon Hoankan\"! I wonder how they programmed\nthis...)\n\nIf your character is like\n[this](https://backtothefuture.fandom.com/wiki/James_Strickland) or\n[this](https://reddead.fandom.com/wiki/Leigh_Johnson), their title is\ntranslated as 保安官, which is a kanji word pronounced ほあんかん or \"hoankan\". ほあんかん\nis the correct pronunciation, and that `sherifu` on the right of the picture\nis purely wrong. (I know nothing about the legal details, but 保安官 is a\nrecurring title in fiction of the \"wild west\" settings.)\n\nYou can _transliterate_ \"sheriff\" as シェリフ in katakana, but ordinary Japanese\npeople do not understand its meaning at all.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T02:57:54.643", "id": "77497", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T03:27:18.870", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-22T03:27:18.870", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77487", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77496", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I understand that both can refer to time or a period of time, but I don't\nreally get the difference. I've been told they aren't interchangeable, and\nthat 時期 has a relation to seasons, but unless 時期 is used exclusively when\ntalking about the time between seasons, I don't really get it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T16:31:54.843", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77488", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T02:31:22.673", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38831", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "nuances" ], "title": "What is the difference between 時間 and 時期?", "view_count": 834 }
[ { "body": "Yes, 時期 is closer to \"season\", and it typically refers to time in the order of\nweeks or months.\n\n * クリスマスの時期: Christmas season (roughly November to December)\n * クリスマスの時間: certain hours on the day of Christmas, e.g., クリスマスの時間を家族と過ごす\n * 卒業式の時期: roughly March in Japan\n * 卒業式の時間: time during a certain graduation ceremony\n\n時期 also means \"good time (in the future) for doing something\", and in this\ncase it can even refer to a time point years later.\n\n * 時期が来たら答えを話します。 \nI'll tell you the answer when the time comes. \n(It may be 2 weeks or 2 years from now.)\n\n * 時間が来たら答えを話します。 \nI'll tell you the answer when time is up. \n(It may be 20 minutes or 2 hours from now.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T02:31:22.673", "id": "77496", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T02:31:22.673", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77488", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77551", "answer_count": 2, "body": "EDIT: Still looking for a complete answer. Please read the edit below.\n\nThis is something I've been wondering for some time now. And this is also not\nrelated to relative temporal nouns, I understand why you cannot use に with\nthose.\n\n**Consider these:**\n\n○「2月14日にデートするつもりです。」\"I will go on a date on February 14\".\n\n○「2月14日『は』忙しいですよ。」\"I'm busy on February 14\".\n\n○「2月14日に外食します。」\"I'm eating out on February 14\".\n\n○「2月14日『に』予定がない。」\"I have no plans for February 14\". Notice how ない could be\nconsidered an i-adjective.\n\n○「2月14日に会いましょう。」\"Let's meet on February 14\".\n\n○「4月23日にもう一度来てね。」\"Come again on April 23\".\n\n○「11月14日に生まれました。」\"I was born on November 14\".\n\n**But if you wanted to say:**\n\n☓「2月14日『に』忙しいです。」that's wrong.\n\n* * *\n\n~~1) Is there a grammatical reason why this is wrong or unnatural?~~\n\n~~2) Is this related somehow to i-adjectives? (What about adjectival nouns?)~~\n\n3) Where else can I expect this behavior?\n\n~~4) When should I use に to mark specific times? It doesn't seem to work\nexactly as it does in English for example.~~\n\nPlease, if you have any kind of resource, I will appreciate it. Even those in\nJapanese are useful to me, thanks.\n\nHere are some threads I read that might be somewhat related:\n\n[what is relative time in Japanese\nlanguage?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68550/what-is-\nrelative-time-in-japanese-language)\n\n[Why is に marking time and not\nで?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68856/why-is-%E3%81%AB-\nmarking-time-and-not-%E3%81%A7)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nAfter thinking about this for a few days, I find that my initial assertion on\nrelating a native English speaker way of thinking with a native Japanese\nspeaker was fundamentally wrong.\n\nThis might be more similar to English that I initially thought, for example we\ncannot say \"I will be busy at/in February 14\" which would might very well be a\nbetter analogy to using に in the Japanese sentence.\n\nHowever, I'm still looking for an answer to **why does using に in a sentence\nlike「2月14日に予定がない。」is allowed?** (consider that ない can be both a negative of a\nverb and an i-adjective). I assume that this is related to an implication in\nlanguage from reading Mitsutoshi's answer, the implication being that your\nstate from being \"busy\" to being \"non-busy\" has changed (an implied instance\nof changing states), however, this is faulty because the same could be said\nfor the sentence like「2月14日に忙しい。」where the difference between using に vs は\nwould be an expressed \"something has changed and I'm busy that day\".\n\nI would like to hear more about this from other people.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T20:17:10.917", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77490", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T14:18:01.167", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-26T23:37:18.917", "last_editor_user_id": "33375", "owner_user_id": "33375", "post_type": "question", "score": 9, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-に", "i-adjectives", "time" ], "title": "Why can we not use に to mark absolute time with i-adjectives?", "view_count": 404 }
[ { "body": "忙しい or other states of being (not limited to i-adjectives) have some duration\nfor which the state remains. On the other hand, に stands for a pinpoint time\n~~during the date~~ within the day.\n\n> I mean, a day in particular has 24 hours, that sounds like a range to me\n\n14日 can be a time period that has width, but 14日に indicates a point in the\n14th day. Moreover, the essential sense of に is making something adhere to a\npoint so that it doesn't move randomly, which doesn't really get along with a\nstate of being something, which ranges beyond the point.\n\nIf any, 14日に動いている means that you can confirm some movement in the moment of\nobservation. (For some reason, 忙しい as it is is still unnatural, compared with\n忙しくなっている, even in this usage.) That's different from what you intended, isn't\nit?\n\nThanks for additional info.\n\nP.S. Whether it's ungrammatical or just unnatural is obscure, but as long as\nyou mean that the state of being busy ranges for a day, it's close to misuse\nof grammar. However, you could use it as long as you only refer to the moment\nthe state is observed, though a non-past form of i-adjective is unsettling,\ncompared with other forms.\n\n2月14日に忙しい sounds like habitual present (\"He is busy on every Feb.14\") because\nit's in non-past besides an observed fact.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T10:19:14.277", "id": "77506", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T06:30:43.063", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T06:30:43.063", "last_editor_user_id": "4092", "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "77490", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "Let me show my idea to explain this really difficult question.\n\nAfter the “(Absolute time)に” we basically expect something happening or\nsomething changed. Adjectives and adjectival nouns are just for describing\nstatus of something and that’s far from happening, that's probably why it\ndoesn’t fit in the sentences like your example.\n\nIn order to grasp this idea further let’s see the exceptions of the rule.\n\n> (good) 「いつ車が必要ですか?」「月曜にほしいです」\n\nほしい(want) is classified as adjectives in Japanese. But as English does, it has\nverb-like feature. So this sounds natural unlike most of adjectives.\n\n> (bad) 「14日に忙しいです」\n>\n> (good) 「14日に忙しくなります」\n\nAs @user4092 said, the latter one is totally good though the stem of the verb\nphrase is adjective. \"忙しくなる\" means \"getting busy\". It indicates the status\nchanging on that day.\n\nThese are the adjective examples which make sense. I can show opposite\nexamples using verbs which don’t make sense.\n\n> (good) 「11時にお客さんが増えます」\n>\n> (bad) 「11時にお客さんが増え続けます」\n\nThe former example meaning \"Customers will increase at 11p.m.\" sounds very\ngood. But \"増え続ける\" (keep increasing) sounds bad. This is because keep doing\nsituation actually don't change anything.\n\n> (occasionally good) 「来月に川が流れます」\n>\n> (good) 「来月に川が流れ始めます」\n\nSimilarly, the above former example meaning \"The river flows on next month\"\nsounds good as long as it means now the river doesn't flow. Since \"(Absolute\ntime)に\" attract some changes or happenings, it gives us a feeling like \"it\ndoesn't flow currently\". So for such a case, 来月に川が流れ始めます is better.\n\n> (good) 「23日に来て」\n>\n> (not good) 「23日に来ないで」\n\nInterestingly, 23日に来て sounds good but 23日に来ないで is not good. That's because\nnothing happens in the negative sentence basically!! We use 23日 **は** 来ないで to\ntell \"Don't come on 23rd.\"\n\nHowever, 「23日に来ないで」 is not always bad.\n\nIn order to grasp this negative case clearly, let me explain further.\n\nSuppose an answer during conversation between 2 people.\n\nA: \"You said you go to English school everyday, right? Can I go with you\ntomorrow?\"\n\n> (good) B: 「14日『は』レッスンがない」\n>\n> (bad) B: 「14日『に』レッスンがない」\n\nThat's because the question under this context focuses on a event to go to the\nschool together. These 2 people are to pay attention to the event. However, B\nwants to say \"the school is day off tomorrow\" so the event will never happen\non 14th. Thus 「は」 is good but 「に」 is bad.\n\nSimilarly,\n\nA: \"You look very busy recently. Do you get enough sleep? Are you OK?\"\n\n> (good) B: 「そんなに忙しくないよ。14日『は』予定がない」\n>\n> (bad) B: 「そんなに忙しくないよ。14日『に』予定がない」\n\n2 people focus on the amount of plans of B. A worry about B who looks very\nbusy but B wants to say \"I'm not so busy\". In this case, a plan which is the\nconcerning event of them is absent on 14th. Thus 「は」 is good but 「に」 is bad.\n\nHowever, there are many cases 14日『に』予定がない sounds more natural.\n\nA: \"You've been busy so we haven't go on a date recently. When are you free?\"\n\n> (good) B: 「14日『は』予定がない」\n>\n> (better) B: 「14日『に』予定がない」\n\nIn this example, I think 「に」 sounds better because it sounds like B is looking\nforward to the date!! That's because the concerning event of them is the date\nand \"no plan\" is nearly equal to \"to go on a date\" in this case.\n\nA: \"I know you're very busy. Please tell me when you are free.\"\n\n[![plans for a very busy\nman](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eaGDH.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eaGDH.png)\n\n> (good) B: 「14日『は』予定がない」\n>\n> (better) B: 「14日『に』予定がない」\n\nSimilarly, 「に」 sounds better because for a very busy man who has plans like\nthe image above it's kind of happening that there is no plans all day long. So\n\"no plan\" is nearly equal to something happening in this case too.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T09:25:27.057", "id": "77551", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T14:18:01.167", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "38911", "parent_id": "77490", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 5, "body": "How could that forced negation of a common phrase be interpreted?\n\nThis came up as just a part of some free exploration of linguistics, and my\nfriends and I were pondering if it could perhaps be understood as something\nakin to the English phrase \"Thanks, but no thanks\" (and understandably it\nwould sound rude). Or would the phrase be just gibberish — even etymologically\nspeaking — to the point where it would be unreasonable to meaningfully use it\neven in a pun?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T22:49:46.660", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77492", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T01:00:52.040", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T14:43:23.673", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "31251", "post_type": "question", "score": 15, "tags": [ "politeness", "phrases", "negation", "jokes" ], "title": "How would a fluent speaker understand ありがとうございません?", "view_count": 7673 }
[ { "body": "While it’s not impossible to interpret, it is unusual (far more than “thanks,\nbut no thanks”). This is mainly because the grammatical construction of\n〜うございます is mostly no longer productive and ありがとうございます is completely\nlexicalized, so you’re doing something odd to the end of a word. Similar to\nだいじょばない, perhaps.\n\nYou could imagine this being used by an anime character with speech quirks.\n\nI did a quick search and found a book with this title, [ありがとうございません\n(幻冬舎文庫)](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%94%E3%81%96%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93-%E5%B9%BB%E5%86%AC%E8%88%8E%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB-%E6%AA%80-%E3%81%B5%E3%81%BF/dp/4344400968):\n\n![ありがとうございません](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NwTYz.jpg)\n\nAlthough I haven’t read it, it’s easy to imagine how it’s being used: as a\ncommentary on hyperpoliteness; the need to put on a smile and use polite\nlanguage, when in reality you are thinking otherwise. This seems like a very\neffective use of word play to me.\n\nHowever, it is hard to imagine the use of ありがとうございません in any standard\nconversation, since even in a joke it’d probably fall flat.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-21T23:09:34.630", "id": "77493", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-21T23:18:30.600", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-21T23:18:30.600", "last_editor_user_id": "3097", "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "77492", "post_type": "answer", "score": 11 }, { "body": "It's not common at all and I don't remember whether I've heard it in my entire\nlife, but ありがとうございません is not gibberish, and it could pass as a meaningful\nwordplay to describe\n[ありがた迷惑](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%9C%89%E3%82%8A%E9%9B%A3%E8%BF%B7%E6%83%91)\nif used in an appropriate situation.\n\n\"Thanks but no thanks\" could be usable in an ordinary conversation, but\nありがとうございません is a pure joke and it's never used when you are truly irritated.\nございません is a total negation, so perhaps it's semantically more like \"I thank\nyou not\" or \"I'd like to show my appreciation for nothing\".\n\n**おそ** ようございます (said to someone who is late) is a relatively common parody of\nJapanese greetings, although something like this is preferred mainly by\nelementary school kids.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T00:59:29.303", "id": "77495", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T00:59:29.303", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77492", "post_type": "answer", "score": 15 }, { "body": "EDIT: sorry, I've rechecked the episode, and he says おはようじゃない. Still negation\nof a common _aisatsu_ , just not a _keigo_ -negation. The translation stands,\nthough.\n\n* * *\n\nNot quite the same, but I've heard \"ohayou gozaimasu\" followed by \"ohayou\n_gozaimasen_!!!\" in an anime. The second character was obviously trying to\nconvey extreme displeasure with the circumstances, and his astonishment that\nthe other party would treat the situation as nothing but ordinary.\n\nIt translates to English perfectly:\n\n * Good morning!\n * No, **BAD** morning!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T17:22:45.757", "id": "77511", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T17:29:19.447", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T17:29:19.447", "last_editor_user_id": "39092", "owner_user_id": "39092", "parent_id": "77492", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "While grammatically correct, it sounds completely unnatural because it's never\nused in practice. Someone hearing this will definitely think you are playing\nwith words, distorting ありがとうございます as part of a joke, probably to mean you are\nnot thankful, but it depends on the context. It's pretty non standard so using\nit to try to convey \"thanks, but no thanks\" will probably just make the\nrecipient confused about what you mean.\n\nA closer English equivalent is something like \"thank you very little\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T13:21:53.850", "id": "77561", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T13:27:48.777", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T13:27:48.777", "last_editor_user_id": "4560", "owner_user_id": "4560", "parent_id": "77492", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "context is key here... as stated that's like a robot saying \"Thank you\" for\nholding still while it rips your arm off. It's technically correct... so much\ntechnically that it fails to be practical or meaningful in any way other than\nshowing the strict adherence to the rules of the language.\n\nWould a native speaker understand it? Sure, then they'd look at you like you\nhead 2 heads and neither got a proper education. Or that you were telling a\nbad joke. They wouldn't take you seriously at all.\n\nIf you're looking for a similar phrase to \"Thanks but no thanks\" while being a\nfunny ass you might try はんぱありがと which depending on centext would be \"Half a\nthanks!\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T01:00:52.040", "id": "77581", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T01:00:52.040", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39127", "parent_id": "77492", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm currently studying some N1 grammar, and I actually find it pretty hard\ngetting a feel of the grammar patterns.\n\nI saw this pattern in my Anki deck:\n\n> わたしは他人の話に耳を傾けたわけではないんですが、むこうはきかれて **いようがいまいが** 、気にとめていなかったのです。\n>\n> It’s not that I listened to what is not meant for me. They were quite\n> oblivious of who heard them and who did not. (Not my translation.)\n\nI looked up for another sample sentence and found\n[this](https://jn1et.com/youga-maiga-n1/):\n\n> 気持ち悪いと言われようが言われまいが、私はオタクを貫く。\n>\n> Whether or not I get told that it's 気持ち悪い (I don't know how to best\n> translate this: disgusting? gives them a bad feeling?), I'm a geek.\n\nMy question is, if I replace this pattern with かどうか like in the following\nsentences:\n\n> 気持ち悪いと言われるかどうか、私はオタクを貫く。\n>\n> わたしは他人の話に耳を傾けたわけではないんですが、むこうはきかれているかどうか (seems grammatically wrong to\n> me)、気にとめていなかったのです。\n\nHow will it change the sentence? Will it feel less \"written style\" and more\n\"spoken style\"? More casual? Or is it even a valid replacement? Also, in what\nsetting is this grammar pattern usually seen? I've read a couple of news\narticles and some editorials, and so far, I haven't encountered them yet.\nLooking up grammar patterns like this in the corpus gives me a hard time\nbecause there's something sandwiched in between よう and まい.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T03:36:31.640", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77498", "last_activity_date": "2023-05-21T01:07:00.897", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "29327", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-choice", "nuances" ], "title": "(よ)うが~まいが / (よ)うと~まいと vs かどうか", "view_count": 250 }
[ { "body": "(1) 気持ち悪いと言われるかどうか、私はオタクを貫く doesn't make sense while (2) むこうはきかれているかどうか\n気にとめていなかった is fine.\n\nが as in ようが(まいが)is a conjunction, thus ようが(まいが)functions as an adverbial\nphrase. However, か(どうか)doesn't have a conjunction, thus, doesn't function as\nan adverbial phrase but just an equivalent to a noun.\n\nIn the second example, きかれているかどうか is the object for the verb 気に留めていなかった, (and\nyou can insert を after it). However, the first example doesn't have a verb\nthat corresponds with 気持ち悪いと言われるかどうか, which is essentially a noun.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T09:55:18.420", "id": "77504", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T10:01:29.533", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-22T10:01:29.533", "last_editor_user_id": "4092", "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "77498", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77525", "answer_count": 2, "body": "夕暮れで 二人 少しずつ **見えなくなっていって** In this case I suppose it 見えなく(invisible) +\n成っていって(becoming).\n\nBut in this case below how would it work?\n\n> サヨナラ **会えなくなったって** 僕らは続きがあるから", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T04:50:36.887", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77499", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T08:03:14.273", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-22T05:14:49.850", "last_editor_user_id": "29327", "owner_user_id": "39085", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "kanji", "verbs", "syntax" ], "title": "なく after a verb, what are the uses?", "view_count": 439 }
[ { "body": "In the first example, your understanding is correct. In The second example, って\nhas a different usage than the first. It means \"although\"\n\nIn [This webpage](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6), at the\nvery end, section 4 part 2, it gives a usage of って that is the same as your\nsecond example.\n\n(た、だ、からなどに付いて)譲歩を表す。ても、でも。たところで、だとしても\n\n(attached after ta, da, kara etc.) To show compromise. means temo, demo, ta\ndokoro de, da toshidemo", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T00:50:05.683", "id": "77517", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T00:50:05.683", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "17942", "parent_id": "77499", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "> 見えなくなっていって\n\n見える dictionary form of verb -- 'to be visible'.\n\n見えない negation of dictionary form -- 'to be not visible'.\n\n見えなく continuative form of 見えない. This form is needed when preceeding なる (to\nbecome).\n\n見えなくなる 'to become not visible'. Another example -- 暑い + なる --> 暑くなる = become\nhot.\n\nなって te-form of なる -- 'become ...'.\n\nなっていって -- なる + te-form of いく -- 'start becoming ...'. See [this\nlink](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/676/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%8F-and-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B).\n\n見えなくなっていって 'start to become not visible' = 'start to disappear ...'\n\n> my question is exactly what なく means.\n\nIn summary, it's the continuative form of ない which is needed when you want to\nsay that something becomes something. For an i-adjective or ない replace the\nfinal い with く and then add なる.\n\n> 会えなくなったって\n\n会う dictionary form of verb -- 'to meet'.\n\n会える potential form -- 'to be able to meet'.\n\n会えない negation of potential form -- 'to be unable to meet'.\n\n会えなくなる just like above -- 'to become unable to meet'.\n\n会えなくなったって ' even if we'll become unable to meet. This 'even if' form is made\nby converting the verb into past tense and adding って i.e. なる --> なった -->\nなったって. See [this link](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27715/can-\nyou-use-adjective-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T08:03:14.273", "id": "77525", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T08:03:14.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "77499", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "Today I came across the sentence, 「日本のスポーツと礼の関係について話しています。」 I scratched my\nhead looking at this initially thinking the meaning of 関係 is\nrelation/relationship, connection. Then I found out 関係 also has the meaning on\n(involvement). Does that mean this sentence translated to (Talking about\nJapanese sports and proper etiquette’s involvement/role)?\n\nThank you!", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T06:18:53.290", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77500", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T03:20:13.053", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-22T07:52:07.850", "last_editor_user_id": "38484", "owner_user_id": "38484", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "translation" ], "title": "スポーツと礼の関係について translation", "view_count": 103 }
[ { "body": "You don't have to overthink. AとBの関係 is just \"relationship between A and B\".\n\n> (<日本のスポーツ>と<礼>の関係)について話しています。\n>\n> [Someone] is talking about (the relationship between <Japanese sports> and <\n> _rei_ >).\n\n礼 basically means bowing, but as you know, it implies much more, and that's\nthe theme of the speech. Still, the grammar of this sentence itself is simple.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T03:20:13.053", "id": "77520", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T03:20:13.053", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77500", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77503", "answer_count": 1, "body": "From this manga panel:\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/78Ui1.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/78Ui1.png)\n\nI'm having trouble with understanding「ヘマッたことが多すぎて」\n\nI guess this to be \"The messed up things (I did) are too many\"\n\nI think ヘマ = blunder, and こと = generic \"thing\", but I don't understand the ッた\nbetween them.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T07:18:18.097", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77501", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T09:37:27.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38878", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "Help understanding this phrase ヘマッたことが多すぎて?", "view_count": 130 }
[ { "body": "It's the past form of a slangy godan verb ヘマる.\n\ne.g. やる → やった Likewise, へまる → へまった", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T09:37:27.047", "id": "77503", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T09:37:27.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "77501", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77508", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kKfR5.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kKfR5.png)\n\nI understand that mistmached furigana can be used to show another layer, but I\ncan't figure out how to interpret this.\n\nI guess it's highlighting the word メイン. Like the hamburger is the main thing\nshe took?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T10:18:21.860", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77505", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T13:18:26.083", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38878", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "furigana" ], "title": "How to interpret this mismatched furigana?", "view_count": 145 }
[ { "body": "メイン means \"main dish\" in this context. \nFrom the [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_course) entry on main\ncourse:\n\n> The main dish is usually the heaviest, heartiest, and most complex or\n> substantial dish in a meal.\n\nSo it goes without saying it is also the thing most people would look forward\nto enjoying. In the scene in question, メイン doesn't mean the main thing she\ntook, but it is saying she took the main part of the other girl's meal. Note\nthat it doesn't have to be a full course for this word to be used.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T13:18:26.083", "id": "77508", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-22T13:18:26.083", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1761", "parent_id": "77505", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77519", "answer_count": 2, "body": "> いろんな意味で正月をむかえた感じがしたよ\n>\n> いろんな意味でご名算な気がしたよ\n\nContext (if needed):\n\nThe speaker is trying to expose a robot pretending to be human. The first line\nis said when the robot ends up pouring soup from her thermos (instead of\nengine oil). The second line is said when the robot ends up attempting to use\nan abacus and hand calculations (instead of using an in-built calculator).\n\nMy attempt:\n\nI had a feeling New Year is coming in various significance (??)\n\nI feel like my interpretation of 意味 is wrong, and I'm not sure if で is the\n\"by/in\" particle or て form of です.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T14:35:13.843", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77510", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T03:04:05.507", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "38878", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "Help understanding 意味で in these sentences?", "view_count": 212 }
[ { "body": "If the robot is pretending to be human, the robot must be feeling the sense\nlike human(i.e. pouring soup from the thermos or doing calculation with\nabacus)\n\nSo, this 意味 seems to mean \"sense\" here.\n\nThus, \"In various sense, I feel the new year arriving.\" for\nいろんな意味で正月をむかえた感じがしたよ and \"In various sense, I feel it is the precise\ncalculation.\" for いろんな意味でご名算な気がしたよ.\n\nThis で seems to match \"in\" preposition to indicate circumstances and it is\nirrelevant to です: polite form.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T00:48:46.417", "id": "77516", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T00:48:46.417", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "77510", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This 意味 refers to the \"sense\" or \"meaning\" of a word/phrase, and いろんな意味 refers\nto various meanings, or usages, of a word/phrase.\n\nTo take a simpler example, いろんな意味で熱かった (literally \"It was _hot_ in various\nsenses/meanings\") means something was both exciting and physically in high\ntemperature. いろんな意味でヤバい means something is crazy/insane both in the positive\nsense (\"cool\") and in the negative sense (\"awful\").\n\nRegarding いろんな意味でご名算, ご名算 is a fixed phrase used in abacus lessons, meaning\n\"(your answer is) correct\". So one meaning is \"your calculation result is\ncorrect\". The second meaning is probably \"your **way** of calculation is\namazing/surprising\". The kanji 名 can mean \"awesome\", as in 名言.\n\nIt's hard to explain いろんな意味で正月をむかえた with the provided context. If this soup is\n[_zōni_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%8Dni), one meaning is\nstraightforward (\"Zōni was served and I felt as if a new year had come\").\nThere must be one more thing that is associated with 正月 in the story.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T03:04:05.507", "id": "77519", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T03:04:05.507", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77510", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77514", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I know the first one but the second one... I've tried to hand write it and\nI've thought about other characters like ク, フ and レ, researched if there's any\nknown SFX with these combinations but nothing (apart from ビク being \"biku\" but\nI don't think that's what I'm looking for here? Or is it?\n\n[![1\\]](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oRssV.png)\n\n[![Another example of the\ncharacter](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vvhad.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vvhad.png)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T20:36:10.223", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77513", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T00:02:03.477", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "33811", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "sound-symbolism" ], "title": "What is this character in this SFX?", "view_count": 151 }
[ { "body": "It is kind of an onomatopoeia ビーッ!\n\nProbably the 長{ちょう}音符{おんぷ} : ー zigzagged in order to imply the\n\"lightning\"-like effect of the beam from the eyes of the robot.\n\nI guess the sound effect is similar to \"beep\"(high pitched sound) in English.\n\nDoes it seem to appropriate to your scene? ビク(ッ) is used when you are\nsurprised. But this time, the robot seems to be attacking, so it does not seem\nto be appropriate.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-22T23:51:59.637", "id": "77514", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T00:02:03.477", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-23T00:02:03.477", "last_editor_user_id": "34735", "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "77513", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77521", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I have tried to create a sentence wherein a noun is modified by both a clause\nand の marked noun, but found it to be difficult with my current understanding:\n\nIntended sentence: I stole the king’s treasure that the warrior hid.\n\n王の戦士が隠した宝を奪った = I stole the treasure that the king's warrior hid. (warrior is\nmodified instead of treasure)\n\n戦士が隠した王の宝を奪った = I stole the treasure of the king who the warrior hid. (king is\nmodified instead of treasure)\n\nI expect the second sentence to be closest to the intended meaning, I suppose\nit may be as ambiguous as if it was phrased in English as: “I stole the\ntreasure of the king that the warrior hid.”? I would say that what the clause\nin this sentence is modifying is up to interpretation in English, however, in\nJapanese...\n\n 1. Is it possible for modifying clauses to not be modifying the noun directly following it?\n 2. Are modifying clauses able to bypass a の marked noun and directly describe the noun after it?\n 3. Would doing so always be ambiguous?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T02:37:43.707", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77518", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T03:55:31.207", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39086", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "syntax", "particle-の", "relative-clauses" ], "title": "Can one noun be modified by both a clause and a の marked noun?", "view_count": 141 }
[ { "body": "You can use 戦士が隠した王の宝を奪った. Technically, it is indeed ambiguous:\n\n> 戦士が隠した王の宝を奪った。\n>\n> 1. I stole the treasure of the king **which** the warrior hid.\n> 2. I stole the treasure of the king **who** the warrior hid.\n>\n\nPractically, however, the verb 隠す tends to be connected with a noun which is\nusually hidden, which is 宝 in this sentence. Almost everyone would take this\nsentence as 1 even if there is no context.\n\n* * *\n\n> 1. Is it possible for modifying clauses to not be modifying the noun\n> directly following it?\n>\n\nYes, and the context and your \"common sense\" is often the only key to\ndisambiguate. English has many similar examples, but the situation is a little\nworse in Japanese, because Japanese is a strictly [head-final\nlanguage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_\\(linguistics\\)#Head-\ninitial_vs._head-final_languages). This means if there are two noun modifiers,\nboth must come before the noun.\n\n> 2. Are modifying clauses able to bypass a の marked noun and directly\n> describe the noun after it?\n>\n\nYes, and the same is true in English. For example, in \"the price of lunch I\npaid\", the relative clause \"I paid\" is modifying \"price\", _bypassing_ another\nmodifier (\"of lunch\"). But you don't think this is an ambiguous phrase, and\nit's because you know \"lunch\" is not something you can \"pay\".\n\n> 3. Would doing so always be ambiguous?\n>\n\nNo. We all know which verb is typically used with which noun. For more\nexamples, please see this question: [Are Japanese modifiers \"greedy\", \"anti-\ngreedy\", or do they mean whatever people choose them to\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46817/5010)", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T03:55:31.207", "id": "77521", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T03:55:31.207", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77518", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77550", "answer_count": 1, "body": "When conjugating an adjective to its causative form, the way to go about it is\nas follows. For example, 寂しい\n\n寂しくしない (Won't let/make you lonely)\n\nQuestion is, what happens if I use させない instead?\n\n寂しくさせない\n\nDoesn't this also mean \"Won't let/make you lonely\"?", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T05:08:13.883", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77522", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T07:00:54.017", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "31222", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "causation" ], "title": "Causation of i-adjective", "view_count": 132 }
[ { "body": "In a view of Japanese, just \"寂しくしない\" means \"Won't let/make myself lonely\" and\njust \"寂しくさせない\" means \"Won't let/make you lonely\".\n\nYour context is \"私はあなたを寂しくしない\" = \"I won't let/make you lonely\". This is a\nusage of oral communication and not have sense of formal.\n\nIn this context, it is same meaning of \"私はあなたを寂しくさせない\", but this is a usage of\nwritten communication and have sense of formal.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T07:00:54.017", "id": "77550", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T07:00:54.017", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "37138", "parent_id": "77522", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77527", "answer_count": 1, "body": "For example, when ordering something, if you ask for one, but then think again\nand want to order two, you would say \"One, scratch that, two.\" The closest I\nfound is いや, but that appears to be casual/rude.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T07:27:35.130", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77524", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T09:05:14.187", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-23T09:01:46.817", "last_editor_user_id": "29327", "owner_user_id": "33869", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "Translate \"Scratch that\" in the meaning \"disregard previous statement\" to Japanese", "view_count": 82 }
[ { "body": "If it were me, a typical 外国人, I would say, \"あっ、すみません。①ではなくて、②お願いします。\" I think\nit's simple and with the all-encompassing \"excuse me\"/\"sorry\" word, すみません, the\nexpression becomes more polite.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T09:05:14.187", "id": "77527", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T09:05:14.187", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "29327", "parent_id": "77524", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77528", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm just a beginner in Japanese, but I know the difference between the use of\nkatakana and hiragana in sentences. Katakana is used for transliteration of\nforeign words, onomatopoeia, technical or scientific terms, or from\nemphasizing words, but why is \"Encouragement of Climb\" written as ヤマノススメ and\nnot やまのすすめ? It didn't pass any criteria for it to be written in katakana.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T08:27:03.360", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77526", "last_activity_date": "2021-08-06T19:09:31.083", "last_edit_date": "2021-08-06T19:09:31.083", "last_editor_user_id": "39516", "owner_user_id": "39018", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "katakana", "hiragana", "anime" ], "title": "Why is \"Encouragement of Climb\" written in katakana instead of hiragana?", "view_count": 344 }
[ { "body": "There are a number of stylistic or aesthetic reasons to do so. Sometimes\nkatakana is used for a native Japanese word because of the katakana's\n\"international\", \"modern\" or \"high-tech\" feeling:\n\n * [Why is Toyota typically written in Katakana? (トヨタ)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/31078/5010)\n * [ニッポン? Why Kana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17799/5010)\n\nHowever, katakana is also associated with oldness and tradition because it was\nthe standard script in formal or academic documents in the Meiji era:\n\n * [Why is this written in katakana instead of hiragana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/50317/5010)\n * [Orthography at the turn of the previous century](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14848/5010)\n\n(This may seem contradictory, but in reality, other design choices such as\nfonts also matter.)\n\nIn this specific case, I think the latter image is more relevant. This book\ntitle is a parody of\n[学問のすすめ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukuzawa_Yukichi#An_Encouragement_of_Learning),\na very famous book written 150 years ago, and one of the earlier copies _was_\nfull of katakana, [like this](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bhUo0m.png). By using\nkatakana, the author is signaling that this ヤマノススメ is like a climbing version\nof the nationally famous classic.\n\nAlso related:\n\n * [Why are katakana preferred over hiragana or kanji sometimes?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1930/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T09:10:39.827", "id": "77528", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T09:15:45.370", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-23T09:15:45.370", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77526", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77531", "answer_count": 1, "body": "There are some sentences where there are so many kanji present and it is\ndifficult to read at all specially if you're just a beginner. So, is writing\nsentences in full kana instead of having a kanji acceptable?\n\n(The sample I'm about to give is just a simple phrase that I know has a kanji\nin it)\n\nFor example:\n\n:私はなつです\n\n(watashi wa Natsu desu)\n\n:わたしはなつです\n\n(watashi wa Natsu desu)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T09:38:57.877", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77529", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T10:02:08.820", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-23T09:52:45.747", "last_editor_user_id": "39018", "owner_user_id": "39018", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "kanji", "sentence" ], "title": "is writing sentences in full kana instead of having a kanji acceptable?", "view_count": 111 }
[ { "body": "Yes it is absolutely acceptable for beginner-level learners to use only kana\nwhile they become familiar with the grammar and syntax of Japanese. In fact,\nthis is a very common approach so that people don't get overwhelmed in the\nearly stages. Most learning strategies delay the introduction of kanji until\nafter kana have been learned and then begin gradually integrating them into\nthe learning process. Since Japanese has kana and kanji, the meaning can be\nunderstood whichever you use. Of course, standard written Japanese would use a\ncombination of both.\n\nIn general, I believe it is better to start using kanji early in the learning\nprocess, i.e. as soon as you are comfortable with kana. It is an integral part\nof Japanese proficiency and can help in other areas like vocabulary\nacquisition. So although delaying it is normal, I wouldn't advise delaying it\ntoo long.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T10:02:08.820", "id": "77531", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T10:02:08.820", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "25875", "parent_id": "77529", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77541", "answer_count": 2, "body": "The excerpt in the title of this question is a comment someone made about a\nmanga I’m reading, ブラックジャックによろしく.\n\nI have two questions: \n① What is the て preceding **て** 綺麗事 for? Is it a typo to have two て like that\nin succession? \n② Is イライラする an example of a verb which is based on mimetic sound?\n\nSource: [![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btboB.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/btboB.jpg)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T09:43:12.110", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77530", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T01:11:50.640", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "37089", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "verbs", "readings", "manga" ], "title": "泣けばいいと思ってて綺麗事ばかりな主人公にイライラする。", "view_count": 157 }
[ { "body": "1) I think this is essentially a shortened form of 思っている.\n\n2) Apparently it is. **Edit:** The link I've previously posted in the answer\nmight not be accessible for everyone, it seems - it showed a Google Books\npreview of a page from a paper called Sounds of the Heart and Mind: Mimetics\nof Emotional State in Japanese by Debra J. Occhi that was published in\nLanguages of Sentiment: Cultural constructions of emotional substrates. Here's\na doi.org link that should resolve, at least (but the content is behind a\npaywall for me) - <https://doi.org/10.1075/aicr.18>.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T10:53:20.523", "id": "77532", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T13:04:06.523", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-23T13:04:06.523", "last_editor_user_id": "32268", "owner_user_id": "32268", "parent_id": "77530", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "The `て` preceding 綺麗事 is the て-form of the auxiliary verb `いる`. Dropping the\n`い` in `ている` is very common in colloquial speech, I.E. `思ってる`. This just gets\nslightly more confusing with sequential て-forms. You might think of it like\nthis:\n\n> 思う ー> 思っている ー> 思っていて。。。 ー> 思ってて。。。\n\nIn this case the second `て` is just there to let the person continue their\nsentence. So for the sentence below\n\n> 泣けばいいと思ってて綺麗事ばかりな主人公にイライラする\n\nA very, very direct translation might look something like this:\n\n> (They) think it will be fine if they cry and are all superficial positivity,\n> which makes (me) angry.\n\nAs for `イライラする`, it's certainly a mimetic. `mimetic+する` is a sufficiently\ncommon pattern that I don't think if I would call this a \"verb based on a\nmimetic\" as much as just a normal mimetic; the `する` here just describes the\naction of being in the state associated with the mimetic.\n\nEdit: Please note my original interpretation of the sentence was incorrect as\nI misinterpreted the omitted subject for `思う`. I'm using\n[naruto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/5010/naruto)'s provided\ntranslation here\n\n> The protagonist thinks weeping solves everything and just talks about\n> ideals, which pisses me off.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T17:38:41.583", "id": "77541", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T01:11:50.640", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T01:11:50.640", "last_editor_user_id": "7705", "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "77530", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I was studying some new words when I encountered 解凍 which can mean \"melt\".\nThis reminded me of 溶ける. How do these words differ? In the case of ice\nmelting, both can be used right? How about chocolate melting in one's mouth? I\nknow 溶ける works, but can 解凍する?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T11:35:24.973", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77533", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T15:29:58.267", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-23T15:29:58.267", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "29327", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "word-choice", "nuances", "verbs" ], "title": "What's the difference between 解凍(する) and 溶ける", "view_count": 161 }
[ { "body": "In normal sense, 溶ける is more appropriate to ”chocolate melting in one's mouth\"\nsince the chocolate is changing from solid state to fluid state.\n\n解凍する implies defreezing/defrosting of something so that you can use it for\nsome purpose(i.e frozen meat need to defreezing so that you can cook it).\n\nFor example, frozen chicken is solid state with ice crystal for keeping it in\nthe refrigerator. And if you want to cook it, you need to remove only the ice\ncrystal. You do not have to do anything to the meat of chicken.(i.e The\nchicken has changed the state from mix of ice and chicken meat into only the\nchicken meat. But the chicken is not really a fluid state without ice\ncrystal.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T12:56:36.380", "id": "77536", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T12:56:36.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "77533", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "解凍する is used for defrosting or thawing whereas 溶ける is used for melting.\n\n解凍する is usually used with the meaning of reversing the action of freezing\nsomething (凍らせる or 冷凍する) — for example defrosting frozen meat — and the result\nis that the frozen object returned to its \"natural state\".\n\nOn the other hand 溶ける means something has changed from solid to liquid. When\ndescribing for example molten ice cream you would use 溶ける over 解凍する (the\n\"natural state\" of ice cream is frozen). When defrosting soup, you would you\nuse 解凍する (the \"natural state\" of soup is liquid / unfrozen).\n\nSo, 解凍する cannot be used to describe melting chocolate in your mouth (the\nchocolate was solid, but not frozen). In case of ice/water, you would probably\nsay 氷が溶けた or 氷を溶かす (ice changing from its \"natural state\" to water), but if\nyou're describing for example thawing the frozen water in the water pipe to\nyour garden shed, you would use 解凍する (reversing the freezing).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T15:29:08.290", "id": "77538", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T15:29:08.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "77533", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77543", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am going through a Genki exercise (Genki 1, page 163) and there is a picture\nof a man, with questions on the side. For example, \"暇ですか\". Would this usually\nmean it is asking about the man or yourself?\n\nThis is kind of confusing because some of the question do have the\ntopic/context for example \"この人\" or \"ここは\".\n\nI do know that Japanese is a context heavy language but who would it usually\nbe directed towards if you said something like \"暇ですか\" or \"頭がいいですか\" because to\nme, it seems almost as likely that if you asked \"頭がいいですか\" then you would be\nasking if you yourself are smart.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T14:17:27.160", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77537", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T18:00:42.200", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36633", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "questions", "context" ], "title": "Context when answering questions", "view_count": 105 }
[ { "body": "While this may not be what you were hoping to hear, the answer is: it really\nall depends on the context. That said, I think this word \"context\" gets used\nvery broadly in situations like this - the reality is that some of that\n\"context\" is word knowledge and common sense. Let's look at some of your\nexamples:\n\n`暇ですか?` is almost certainly about someone else, because you know whether or\nnot you are free - in essence that's a decision you make. It would be bizarre\nto ask someone else.\n\n`頭がいいですか` is again overwhelmingly more likely to refer to someone else. The\nreason here is a little more difficult to pin down, but I would say it boils\ndown to the fact that it's very weird to ask someone else to determine ground\ntruths about your own intelligence. Even in English, `Am I smart?` strikes me\nas a bizarre question. Note that if it were intended to be rhetorical,\nJapanese has other mechanisms used to make that explicit like `かな`.\n\nNow, conversely, if you ask `頭がいいと思いますか?` this could easily be a question\nabout whether the other person thinks you are smart. It could of course also\nbe a question about whether the other person thinks _they_ are smart; this is\none of those cases where context really will make the decision. In a vacuum\nthough, I would assume this meant `Do you think I'm smart?`.\n\nThere are always ways to make things ambiguous, though. If you are in a group\nof three and someone asks `暇ですか?`, it would be perfectly appropriate for you\nto clarify who they were asking about with something like `私ですか` or `私がですか?`.\n\nAlso while you likely wouldn't use the word `暇` in this case, it is\nconceivable that you could be asking someone else about whether _you_ were\nfree in a sentence like\n\n> 日曜日は空いてますか?\n\nIf that person managed your calendar, and you were talking about your\ncalendar.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T18:00:42.200", "id": "77543", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T18:00:42.200", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "77537", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I've heard in a song the following line:\n\n> すれ違い心見えたなら \n> 「要らない,要らない」しないのに \n> 貴方はいつも貴方のまま\n\nThis seems to mean something like \"If I met someone whose feelings differed\nfrom mine, I wouldn't say 'I don't need it, I don't need it\", but you are like\nyou have always been\". I have no confidence at all in this translation and I\nwould appreciate it if someone came up with a better one. I also would like to\nknow why it's 見えたなら and not 見えたのなら.\n\nAnyways, it seems that すれ違い means something like \"to differ\" or \"to go\nagainst\". However, I looked up at some dictionaries and it seems that すれ違う\nmeans almost the same as 外れる and ずれる. Are there any differences? Moreover,\nwhat is the kanji for すれ違い's すれ?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T16:12:57.277", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77540", "last_activity_date": "2021-11-10T05:25:10.060", "last_edit_date": "2021-11-10T05:25:10.060", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "32264", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-choice", "kanji", "song-lyrics" ], "title": "Difference between すれ違う, 外れる and ずれる plus something about grammar", "view_count": 314 }
[ { "body": "Is that a lyric from \"Ame no Murakumo P(あめのむらくもP)\" from \"Taningoto no oto ga\nsuru(他人事の音がする)\"?\n\n**すれ違い 心見えたなら 「要らない要らない」 しないのに \n貴方はいつも貴方のまま 時に呑まれ 錆びるよ 崩れ落ちて 果てるよ**\n\n* * *\n\n> I have no confidence at all in this translation and I would appreciate it if\n> someone came up with a better one.\n\nI'm not a good translator of lyrics and poetry, so I'll skip it. I'm sorry.\n\n* * *\n\n> I also would like to know why it's 見えたなら and not 見えたのなら.\n\nThe word \"のなら\" indicates an assumption, and \"なら\" indicates a case (assertion).\n\nWhen you say to someone who looks hot, 「暑い\"なら\"、クーラーをつけましょうか」 The \"なら\" is a\nsuggestion to understand that the other party is hot. \nBut 「暑い\"のなら\"、クーラーをつけましょうか」, \nYou don't know if they're hot or not, but \"if it's hot ...\" \nThus, including \"の\" would be a suggestion involving assumptions.\n\n* * *\n\n> Moreover, what is the kanji for すれ違い's すれ?\n\nIn kanji, it is written as \"擦れ違う\".\n\n> Anyways, it seems that すれ違い means something like \"to differ\" or \"to go\n> against\". However, I looked up at some dictionaries and it seems that すれ違う\n> means almost the same as 外れる and ずれる. Are there any differences?\n\nIt refers to passing close enough to each other to touch each other. It shows\nthat those mindsets seem to be incomprehensible to each other. So in the case\nof this lyric, it would mean \"miss each other.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-06-18T00:41:53.520", "id": "78076", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-18T00:41:53.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39141", "parent_id": "77540", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77545", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I've been listening to some audio of sentences and sometimes I feel like I\nhear them combine the consecutive \"o\"s together into a long \"o\"? Here is two\nexamples of what I hear from different audio sources. You can see that after ご\nthere is を so double \"o\". I hear the following two styles of saying this\nsentence:\n\n 1. nihongoo hanasu\n\n 2. nihongo o hanasu\n\nIn the first example I hear that they just make a long \"o\" sound like \"ou\".\nBut sometimes in the audio I hear them pause quickly and emphasize the\nparticle \"を\". Which way is correct here? I always emphasize the particle \"を\"\nbut it seems that in this special case it's not as much emphasized when\nspeaking?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T17:41:59.803", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77542", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T22:52:33.990", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-23T21:47:16.257", "last_editor_user_id": "29327", "owner_user_id": "33078", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "How do you pronounce sentences with consecutive \"o\" such as 日本語を話す?", "view_count": 115 }
[ { "body": "I would expect to hear a long o here, because 日本語 ends with a high pitch and\nmakes the を high pitched as well. Other words with a pitch drop before the\nparticle may have a more pronounced を.\n\nFurthermore this is often pronounced as a more \"wavy o~\" instead of a \"long\no-\", because を is actually not pronounced like お. It's just that the w sound\nis more subtle than in English. You should be able to hear it here:\n<https://forvo.com/word/~_%E3%82%92%E3%80%80%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%80%82/#ja>\n\nThat said the audio sample you were listening to may also be slang, in which\ncase you may have heard 日本語話す.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T22:52:33.990", "id": "77545", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T22:52:33.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4862", "parent_id": "77542", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "The following phrase is taken from [an NHK News\narticle](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012440191000/k10012440191000.html):\n\n「...。そして国が出すお金を使って、働いている人が仕事を続けることができるようにしてほしいと会社に言います」\n\nWhy is 使う used in te-form? Just to concatenate the two sentences? Or is it\nsome way to say \"by using\"?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-23T21:14:53.543", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77544", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-23T21:14:53.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "17487", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "て-form" ], "title": "Is て-form used here to concatenate phrases?", "view_count": 36 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77547", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I received another tweet from 毎日新聞 this morning (quite sad actually). What\nbothered me, aside from the news, was the usage of 性 in the sentence:\n\n> 関係者によると、事件性はないといい、23日未明に病院で死亡が確認された。\n\nI know that 事件 translates as event and that 性 is a suffix that expresses\ncondition or quality as in 可能性 or 重要性. I'm thinking that 事件 refers to criminal\nactivity. So does this sentence mean that the event was not criminal in\nnature?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T00:44:55.500", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77546", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T04:49:41.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "29327", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "meaning", "suffixes" ], "title": "Usage of 性 as a suffix in 事件性", "view_count": 391 }
[ { "body": "Your guess is right. \"事件性がない(=not incidental)\" means that it is not a crime.\nThe article tells us that the deaths in this case would not have been caused\nby a crime. If we see the words \"事件性がある(=incidental)\" in an article, we infer\nthat any circumstantial evidence shows someone's malice.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T04:49:41.273", "id": "77547", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T04:49:41.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "37138", "parent_id": "77546", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77583", "answer_count": 1, "body": "From Genki II:\n\n> You cannot express your suffering from somebody failing to do something\n> either, because you cannot add the passive suffix to an already negated\n> verb. Therefore you cannot use the passive to say things like \"Professor\n> Yamashita was annoyed because students did not come to his class\".\n\nI don't understand why I can't just use the negative form of a passive verb.\nSo from the above example, I can use 休まれる, but これない can't express the same\nidea?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T05:25:58.023", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77548", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T01:42:26.167", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38878", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "passive-voice" ], "title": "Why can't passive be used to express dissatisfaction from somebody failing to do something?", "view_count": 184 }
[ { "body": "Simply let's take \"somebody eats something mine\" situation.\n\n> (1) ケーキを食べられた (I really wanted to eat it! but) The cake was eaten.\n>\n> (2) ケーキを食べられなかった\n\n(1) is normal suffering passive example. (2) is negative form as the way you\nshowed, which is expected to mean \"I really wanted **someone** to eat it but\nthe cake wasn't eaten.\" \nBut (2) simply sounds \"I couldn't eat it.\" because \"れる\", \"られる\" have multiple\nmeaning other than passive such as potential form!!\n\nYou can say \"ケーキ **は** 食べられなかった\" for expressing \"The cake wasn't eaten.\" but\nsuffering meaning gets simply disappeared in this case.\n\nYou can also say \"ケーキを食べてもらえなかった\". It exactly means \"I really wanted someone\nto eat it but the cake wasn't eaten.\" and sounds natural. Note that in this\nsentence there is no passive form.\n\nIf I was to say it by using suffering passive, I would say\n\"ケーキを食べないという嫌がらせをされた\". This sounds awkward a little but it tells us the\nnuisance well.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T01:42:26.167", "id": "77583", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T01:42:26.167", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "38911", "parent_id": "77548", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I was reading this definition of ぶつかる on weblio.\n\n> 〔動詞の「ぶつかる」は助詞の違いによって使い分けがある。「 A が B にぶつかる」( A に意志・責任がある)の型は,「 A が B にぶつかった」(\n> A に責任がある)とも「 A が B にぶつかっていく」(意志的)とも言える。「 A が B とぶつかる」( A\n> に責任ある場合と,単に事実を言う場合)の型は,「 A が B とぶつかった」(単に事実を言う)は言えるが,「 A が B\n> とぶつかっていく」(意志的)とは言えない。「 A と B (と)がぶつかる」の型は,単に事実を言う〕\n\nI noticed the versions with ていく had 意志的 written next to them and I'm\nwondering, does ていく express some kind of intention? It says that the plain\ndictionary form merely indicates that the action happened, but I thought ていく\nwas capable of that too? I know it can indicate intention with something like\nこれからも勉強していく but I thought this was just one meaning, and that ぶつかっていく was\nindicating the direction of the action.\n\nAlso was curious about と being used with ぶつかる to 'plainly state a fact'. Is\nthat a thing? I have wondered in the past about why と can replace some other\nparticles (と話す seems obvious, 'speak with' rather than 'speak to' (に話す) but\nとなる and になる elude me, but I once heard となる is used more formally and with\nabstract things)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T05:48:25.347", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77549", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T05:48:25.347", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "22363", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Question about ていくand 意志 (and side question about と usage with verbs)", "view_count": 43 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77562", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In my Japanese textbook, there’s a fill-in-the-blank question (and here I will\nmodify it into a multiple-choice question for better comparison and contrast):\n\n> さっきから携帯電話を探しているのですが、\n\nA. 見つかりません。\n\nB. 見つかりませんでした。\n\nC. 見つけません。\n\nD. 見つけませんでした。\n\nI have two questions about this sentence: the first is about tense; the second\nis about 自動詞・他動詞。\n\nI filled in 見つけませんでした and tried translating it into English (which is not my\nmother tongue either):\n\nI’ve been looking for my mobile phone for a while, but didn’t find it (or\ncouldn’t find it).\n\nThe answer given is 「見つかりません」.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T10:10:05.423", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77553", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T14:41:05.680", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-26T14:41:05.680", "last_editor_user_id": "33235", "owner_user_id": "33235", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "verbs", "tense" ], "title": "「見つかりません」v.s.「見つけません」", "view_count": 1053 }
[ { "body": "見つかる is intransitive, \"to be found/located\". 見つける is transitive, \"to\nfind/locate\".\n\n * A: 見つかりません = \"it has not been found (so far / yet).\"\n * B: 見つかりませんでした = \"it was not found.\"\n * C: 見つけません = \"I don't/won't find it.\"\n * D: 見つけませんでした (= \"I didn't find it.\")\n\n見つかる is the normal verb used when you talk about the result of a search in\nJapanese. We don't usually say C and D. For example \"24 results found\" is\n\"24件見つかりました\" in Japanese.\n\nBetween A and B, A is the better option because the first half of the sentence\nindicates this person is still trying to find the phone. B sounds like the\nspeaker suddenly gave up in the middle of the sentence, which is a little\nunnatural.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T13:23:34.570", "id": "77562", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T14:55:01.623", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T14:55:01.623", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77553", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I would like to know if my translation of the sentence below is accurate in\nmeaning. If not, could you point out the problematic area? Simply pointing out\nwhere I went wrong would be great. No need to explain, I’ll do the research on\nmy own.\n\n###\nⓐ安倍総理大臣は、ⓑ宣言を続ける所は「ウイルスがうつる人は少なくなって、ⓒ病院でしっかり治療できるようになって、ⓓ前よりよくなっている」と言っています。\n\n### “Prime Minister Abe is saying in his declaration that about the places\nwhich continue the emergency measures, the infected people are decreasing and\nat the hospitals a cure has reached a point where it’s becoming possible\nbefore the infected becoming better”\n\nⓐ安倍総理大臣は\n\nNote: So the idea here is that at the very end you have the quotation particle\nと followed by 言っています. This is because the article is quoting 安倍総理大臣. The quote\nbegins in ⓑ and ends in ⓓ.\n\nPrime minister Shinzo Abe is the topic of the sentence\n\nⓑ宣言を続ける所は「ウイルスがうつる人は少なくなって、\n\nRe: 宣言【せんげん】:\n\nWe might note that it is the 宣言i.e. declaration/announcement[…] … so the\ndeclaration is the direct object of the と言っています at the very end in the sense\nof: “The prime minister has said in an announcement”.\n\nI hesitated about 続ける所 until I realised he (Shinzo) is probably talking about\nthe places that continue with the emergency measures in the previous :\n\nTokyo metropolitan area, Saitama prefecture, Chiba prefecture, Kanagawa\nprefecture and Hokkaido island\n\n(The quote I mentioned before begins here).\n\nウイルス『が』\n\nThe virus is the subject of the sentence…\n\nうつる人『は』\n\nI looked up うつる 【移る】on Weblio and settled with this definition:\n\nⓔ to be infected, to be contagious, to spread (as in fire) …as it said it was\ngenerally written in kana alone. 少なくなって\n\nIs actually a whole verb! 少なくなる which means:\n\nⓐ to lessen, to decrease, to diminish “The people infected by the virus are\ndecreasing…”\n\nⓒ病院でしっかり治療できるようになって\n\n病院『で』\n\n… the hospital(s) + 『place of action』\n\nしっかり\n\nis brand new to me:\n\nⓐ tightly (holding on), firmly, securely 治療\n\nmeans “a cure”.\n\nようになる\n\nis an expression:\n\nⓐ to reach the point that, to come to be that, to turn into “At the hospitals,\nwe are reaching a point where a reliable (しっかり) cure is becoming possible”\n\nⓓ前よりよくなっている」と言っています。 The part following the 」is “saying that”.\n\nI think this last part says that the うつる人 will need the cure mentioned in the\nprevious part before (前) they become better (よりよくなっている).\n\n## Source:\n\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012440031000/k10012440031000.html>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T10:35:22.223", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77554", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T10:35:22.223", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "37089", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "particles", "verbs", "newspaper-grammar" ], "title": "Newspaper sentence translation and interpretation", "view_count": 58 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was wondering how やすい becomes やすく in 分かりやすくいえば?\n\nHere is the full sentence:\n\n> 分かりやすくいえば あいつらにとって葉山は友達で", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T11:10:13.493", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77555", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T11:57:35.173", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T11:57:35.173", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "38996", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "conjugations", "adjectives", "adverbs", "i-adjectives" ], "title": "Why does やすい conjugate to やすく in 分かりやすくいえば?", "view_count": 86 }
[ { "body": "_i_ -adjectives like やすい turn into adverbs via the rule\n\n> _-i_ → _-ku_\n\nfor example\n\n * やす **い** → やす **く**\n * 早 **い** → 早 **く**\n * 新し **い** → 新し **く**\n\nThe _i_ -adjective やすい can attach as a suffix to the _masu_ -stem of a verb\nlike 分かる, but the result 分かりやすい is grammatically still an _i_ -adjective and\nin the phrase\n\n> 分かりやすくいえば\n\n分かりやす **く** is an adverb for the verb いう (here in the form いえば). (Similarly, 早\n**く** いう \"to say/speak quick **ly** \" etc.)\n\nSimple =)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T11:56:09.297", "id": "77556", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T11:56:09.297", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "77555", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77559", "answer_count": 2, "body": "[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VoIbK.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VoIbK.png)\n\nI think してて is していて, but I can't figure out what くるんて could mean.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T12:05:53.510", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77557", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T12:38:07.693", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38878", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "What does くるんてしてて mean?", "view_count": 1600 }
[ { "body": "In informal Japanese, sometimes 'giongo' (onomatopoeic words) are changed to\ngive a slightly different effect. In your example, くるくる\n([definition](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B-486440))\nhas become くるん and としていて has become てしてて. You see it in other giongo words\nsometimes. For example, つるつる/つるん(と), ぷるぷる/ぷるん(と), etc. I think it is more\ncommon with words that have the る sound. I'm sure others can provide more\nexamples.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T12:35:03.243", "id": "77558", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T12:35:03.243", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "25875", "parent_id": "77557", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "Removing the slang it's read as\n\n> あ、えり足 は くるん と していて かわいい\n\nえり足 means\n\n> hairline at nape of neck; nape of neck​\n\nくるん seems to be related to くるくる which means, among others\n\n> 1. whirling; revolving; spinning; going round and roun\n> 2. coiling around; winding around; rolling around​\n>\n\nくるん seems to mean that the hair is curled only once, instead of repeatedly.\nYou can see an example here:\n\n<https://www.lettuce.co.jp/products/detail/12184>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T12:38:07.693", "id": "77559", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T12:38:07.693", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4862", "parent_id": "77557", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77609", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was wondering what this って at the beginning of Elma's second line could\nmean.\n\nThanks for reading\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qEVoU.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qEVoU.jpg)\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dUmBe.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dUmBe.jpg)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T14:00:30.890", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77564", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T02:57:26.303", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39118", "post_type": "question", "score": -1, "tags": [ "particle-って" ], "title": "meaning of って (Dragon maid related)", "view_count": 110 }
[ { "body": "Like \"Oh\" in \"Oh, what a beautiful morning!\" or \"Let me see...\", it is a word\nused to directly express an emotion such as surprise, joy, or sadness. The\nJapanese words \"あっ\" and \"やれやれ\" refer to this. The answer to the question, \"って\"\nshows that you are upset.I think the English word for this is \"What?\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T02:57:26.303", "id": "77609", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T02:57:26.303", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39141", "parent_id": "77564", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77606", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> この料金には何が付いていますか\n\nI would translate this as “What's included in this fee?”. Given this, could I\nuse 入る instead of 付く in the sentence?\n\nWhat difference would using 入る or 付く make in this context ? Thanks!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T15:43:55.493", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77566", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T01:01:47.863", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T16:16:44.107", "last_editor_user_id": "3097", "owner_user_id": "35730", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "word-choice", "words", "nuances" ], "title": "Difference between 料金に付く and 料金に入る", "view_count": 95 }
[ { "body": "> この料金には何が付いていますか\n\nWithout context, it is bit difficult to imagine what this sentence is.\n\nProbably there are various plans gives you something extra in addition to the\nplan alone. If the phrases are used in that sense, you are asking what extra\nis in it.\n\nFor example, ordering some courses of meal at restaurant, you may be able to\nadd noodles besides basic course of meals when price varies.\n\nSo, “What's extra with this fee?” is more appropriate to your sentence.\n\n> この料金には何が入っていますか\n\nI think this sentence is the literal translation of “What's included in this\nfee?” and it is appropriate to asking for the detail of the fee.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T01:01:47.863", "id": "77606", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T01:01:47.863", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "77566", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77575", "answer_count": 1, "body": "What is the difference between 'ぼくたち' and 'ぼくら'? Both are written in kanji as\n僕達 and mean 'we'. Are they equal in using?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T17:12:34.770", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77569", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T20:59:10.230", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38565", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "word-choice", "word-usage" ], "title": "What is the difference between 'ぼくたち' and 'ぼくら'?", "view_count": 261 }
[ { "body": "Firstly, they are written differently in kanji. ぼくたち is usually written as 僕たち\n(some dictionaries also list 僕達). ぼくら is written as 僕ら or 僕等.\n\nSecondly, the difference in meaning and usage between ~たち and ~ら is answered\nin detail in a thread\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/8105/what-is-the-\ndifference-in-usage-between-a-plural-using-a-the-kanji-repetition/8176#8176)\nand also\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1310/pluralization-in-\njapanese-usage-of-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1-and-%E3%82%89).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T20:59:10.230", "id": "77575", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T20:59:10.230", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "25875", "parent_id": "77569", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77574", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Is there a relationship between the verb 呟く (つぶやく, \"murmur\", also used to mean\n\"to tweet\" on Twitter) and 粒 (つぶ, used in 粒あん, chunky red bean paste), or is\nthe sound a coincidence?\n\n_(I heard \"tsubuyaku\" a few times in shows before actually seeing it written,\nand what made sense to my mind was that it was like sending \"chunks of\nthought\". I recently saw it written, and discovered that it was an actual verb\nwith an actual meaning, and probably not a cleverly coined neologism as I\nthought.)_", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T18:07:16.677", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77570", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T20:41:36.413", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14465", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "Is there a relationship between 呟く and 粒?", "view_count": 68 }
[ { "body": "This is only a partial answer, but I think you might be correct in your\nassumption that there is a connection between the two words, despite the kanji\nbeing different. There are many homophones in Japanese and this means that\nthere are often instances of coincidental phonetic equivalences. But in the\ncase of your question, there could be a connection.\n\nThere is an interesting article\n[here](https://mobility-8074.at.webry.info/201611/article_25.html) which\ncompares the words ささやく, つぶやく, and ぼやく. The article argues that the words were\nformed by using a giseigo root (onomatopoeic words) with the suffix やく\n(meaning 'to produce that state'). For つぶやく, the article lists two\netymological possibilities: that つぶつぶ provides the meaning of 'detailed', or\nthat 粒 provides the meaning of 'grains/small lumps'. This semantic overlap\nproduces the meaning of 'speak in a detailed manner' [according to the\narticle]. In other words, (1) the つぶ in つぶやく derives from the giseigo word\nつぶつぶ, which itself derives from the noun 粒. Or (2) that it derives directly\nfrom 粒.\n\nWhile the above article suggests that the phonetic equivalence of つぶ and\nつぶ(やく) is not coincidental, I don't know why the kanji 呟 was assigned to つぶやく.\nPerhaps another user can provide more detailed etymological information on\nthat character. My speculation is that when the word つぶやく became established\nin the language, the connection to the original meaning of 'grain' became\nobscure, leading to it being assigned its own kanji for clarity. Again, that\nis speculation.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T20:13:49.077", "id": "77574", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-24T20:41:36.413", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-24T20:41:36.413", "last_editor_user_id": "25875", "owner_user_id": "25875", "parent_id": "77570", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77589", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Things like「どういたしまして」, someone used「と申しまして」to their name, and more that I\ncan't recall at the moment, it seemed like it's a te-form of masu-form, but I\ncan't find any explanations of it. If it exists, how does one conjugate masu\ninto its te-form and negative te-form? What and how are they used?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T18:43:14.090", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77571", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T21:06:41.243", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38647", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "conjugations", "て-form", "keigo" ], "title": "Does 'masu' form have its own te-form?", "view_count": 1209 }
[ { "body": "The short answer is yes. It is rarely used, but 「と申しまして」 is certainly an\ninstance where it could be.\n\nFrom Martin's _Essential Japanese_ (outdated but often extremely useful), a\nsection entitled \"SPECIAL INFLECTIONS OF -MASU\" (accent marks removed,\n[]-bracketed expressions are mine):\n\n> The polite ending **-masu** is really itself a verb which is used only when\n> attached to other verb infinitives. In ordinary polite speech it is\n> inflected only for [... -masu, -mashita, -mashou]. But in honorific speech,\n> **-masu** is inflected for all categories except the infinitive [that is,\n> there is no **-mashi** ]. These polite forms are used at the end of sentence\n> fragments, and also in the middle of sentences instead of the usual plain\n> forms, to make the entire expression a bit more honorific:\n>\n> * **Soko e oide ni narimashite...** You go there and... [in normal speech\n> this would be **soko e itte** ]\n> * **Odeki ni narimashitara...** If you could do it... [in normal speech\n> this would simply be **dekitara** ]\n> * **Yukkuri hanashite kudasaimase.** Please speak more slowly.\n>\n\nIn all these examples (and another, longer one I omitted), it's being used\nonly with the very honorific-oriented **o[verb -i] ni narimasu** and\n**kudasaimasu** verbs. This is no accident. Aside from the fact that it comes\nsmack-dab in the middle of a lesson on honorific speech, this is exactly the\ncontext in which one might use it (these two verbs aren't the only one it can\nbe applied to: but they would have a similarly high level of formality, as\n**moushimasu** does in contrast to **iimasu** or **yonde imasu**. This level\nof honorifics is pretty much reserved for addressing an Edo-era samurai, or\nperhaps the CEO of a very large and powerful corporation (and even then,\nprobably more likely in an anime than in real life - the \"powerful old family\"\nor zaibatsu kind of situation).\n\nHowever, there are some holdouts where you'd see it (outside of a movie or the\nlike). 「どういたしまして」is certainly an example, but is of course a set phrase.\nStill, it's used with someone you're either deferring to, or you're only\nbeginning to be acquainted with, as is 「と申します」, and if you were to conjoin\nthat expression to something else that follows it (or perhaps just to give it\none of those \"softened endings\", like ending a sentence with が or けど?), then\nchanging it to 「と申しまして」 is entirely appropriate.\n\nBut yeah, there's not really much call for it in \"real\" situations, and\nbasically no cases where it'd actually be required of you to form such a\nphrase.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T06:30:52.847", "id": "77589", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T21:06:41.243", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-25T21:06:41.243", "last_editor_user_id": "39129", "owner_user_id": "39129", "parent_id": "77571", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Mother:当分ここに住むから。\n\nSon:えっ!? 何だよそれ。\n\nMother:カワイイ一人息子が頭 打ったんだ。\n\nMother:様子見くらい いいっしょ。\n\nHere's the question: What does 様子見くらいいいっしょ。 mean?\n\n> 様子見 = wait-and-see\n>\n> くらい = about?around? dunno\n>\n> いいっしょ = it's good, isn't it? it's ok, right? dunno\n\nI'm quite confused I can't make sense out of it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T21:59:20.497", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77576", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T05:52:50.640", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "39039", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "parsing" ], "title": "様子見くらい いいっしょ? I can't make sense out of it", "view_count": 83 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77597", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I am currently reading the manga 「咲」and the character 片{かた}岡{おか}優{ゆう}希{き}\nregularly ends her sentences with じょ and じぇ. I will give a few examples (each\nline isn't related to the next)\n\n> 学食でタコス買ってきたじぇー\n>\n> のどちゃんはホントにすごいんだじょ!\n>\n> のどちゃんやっぱ強すぎたじぇ\n>\n> そうだじょ\n\nWhat exactly does this mean? Is it a dialectical thing? I don't think this is\na \"pronounce ぞ/ぜ as じょ/じぇ\" since she is shown pronouncing ぜ in words that\nrequire it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-24T22:54:08.433", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77577", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T12:06:13.547", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "38831", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particles", "dialects", "sentence-final-particles" ], "title": "Particles じぇ and じょ", "view_count": 209 }
[ { "body": "I think it's a mix of the two: a \"dialectical\" (or perhaps just personal)\n\"pronounce ぞ/ぜ as じょ/じぇ\" thing (but only specifically for the sentence-ending\nparticles).\n\nI feel like, in fictional media like video games, manga, and anime, sentence-\nenders are the very first thing that gets \"tweaked\" to indicate some sort of\ndialectical or individual, quirky speaking style.\n\nI'm currently playing \"Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks\" (ゼルダの伝説・大地の汽笛) on the\nDS. In a rural town of woodcutters, they end most of their sentences with べ or\nっぺ. A village of Gorons (fictional race) end everything with ゴロ. Everyone\nencounters talking anime cats (or cat-eared people) that end with にゃ~ or にゃん.\nRural jiisans end theirs with じゃ or じゃのう", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T11:29:39.823", "id": "77596", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T11:29:39.823", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39129", "parent_id": "77577", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "じょ used to be a very common sentence-ender in Awa (Tokushima) dialect,\nalthough it's becoming obsolete, like other dialects. Looks like じぇ is a\nsentence-ender in Iwate dialect.\n\nThat being said, this character's speech is not dialectal at all, so basically\nthis is just another unique\n[キャラ語尾](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E8%AA%9E%E5%B0%BE%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7)\nused to add flavor to a character.\n\nSome キャラ語尾 are \"recycled\" ones taken from real but minor dialects. For\nexample, [なも](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76734/5010) is originally\nfrom Nagoya dialect and [だっちゃ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lum_Invader) is\nfrom Sendai dialect, but the famous users of them in fiction speak basically\nstandard Japanese except for these 語尾's.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T12:06:13.547", "id": "77597", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T12:06:13.547", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77577", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77595", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Is reading early Medieval Japanese for a modern Japanese speaker like reading\nChaucer for a modern English speaker? Ie, slow and head-scratching but\notherwise can get the gist of it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T00:30:17.603", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77579", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T11:13:13.573", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39126", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "classical-japanese" ], "title": "Medieval Japanese", "view_count": 214 }
[ { "body": "Chaucer's time was the 14th century. I don't know much about the Japanese from\nthat time, but it happens that Project Gutenberg has [a 1975 English\ntranslation of a 1632 text on the Japanese\nlanguage](http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21197), by Portuguese author Diego\nCollado, originally written in latin.\n\nThe book can be a tad hard to read, as all the pronunciations are given in\nPortuguese phonetics. But there are a number of example sentences in there,\nand I will grab a few of them and (attempt to) translate the Japanese from the\nbook's peculiar phonology into more appropriate rо̄maji. The English\ntranslations are the book's, not mine.\n\nThe following, at least, would seem to be at pretty accessible to a modern\nreader:\n\n * mizzu fitotçu nomitai **mizu hitotsu nomitai** I would like to have a drink of water\n * anofito no vo toró **ano hito no wo torou** I shall take what belongs to that man.\n * mairu mai to no dancó ni qivamatta **mairu mai to no dankou ni kiwamatta** it was resolved that he not go [modern Japanese would use **mairanai** and **kimatta** ]\n * xô tame no chôgui gia **shou tame no chougi ja** this is the plan (ars) according to which it will be done [ **chougi** might be 朝議?]\n * maitte nochi no dancó **maitte nochi no dankou** the consultation he arrived after\n\nBut on the other hand, there seem to be plenty of verb tenses that don't exist\nin modern Japanese. For the verb **ageru** ( **aguru** in the book), **aguru**\nis given as the present tense, with **agenu** as the negative. So far so good\n( **agenu** would be recognized by a modern reader, though it clearly sounds\nold). But in addition, **ageouzu** is given as a \"future\" tense, with **aguru\nmai** as the negative future tense. The equivalent of **ageru kedo** seems to\nbe given as **ageredomo**. The past tense of **agenu** is **agenanda**. I'd\nguess some of these at least might cause some headaches.\n\nA section on pronouns lists **watakushi** , **soregashi** , **ware** ,\n**warera** , **mi** , **midomo** , **midomora** , and **ura** as the first\nperson pronouns; I'm guessing three of those are widely understood, and the\nrest not so much (though, given context, perhaps **ura** would be connected to\n**oira** or **ore**?)\n\nOn second person pronouns (translating from the Portuguese phonology:)\n\n> In speaking to inferiors there are three particles used for 'you'; **ware**\n> , **onore** , and **sotchi**. If **me** or **mega** is added as in\n> **wareme** or **waremega** it means we very much despise the person being\n> spoken to. If we speak to people who are on our own level, or just a little\n> inferior, we use one of the three particles **sonata** , **sono hou** , or\n> **waresama**. If we speak to a superior person, or someone on an equal level\n> but with whom we must speak elegantly, we use one of the seven particles\n> **konata** , **kisho** , **kihou** , **gohen** , **kiden** , **konatasama**\n> , and **sonatasama**.\n\nI'd expect **sonata** , **sono hou** , and **sotchi** to be understood. I\nthink about half of the rest would be incorrectly understood as first person\n(and of course some of them are _also_ listed as first person), and maybe the\nrest is gibberish.\n\n* * *\n\nApparently by this time, the standard mix of kanji and hiragana ( **majiri\nbun** ) would have been in common use... but the kanji would be the old,\ntraditional Chinese forms (compare 会 with its old form 會, or 声 with 聲), and\nthe hiragana too would look very different, far more cursive and stylized, and\nthere was less standardization and more hiragana characters than exist today.\nSo reading it as _actually written_ might prove very challenging indeed. On\nthe other hand, I'm not actually sure how the modern English reader might fare\ntrying to read an actual contemporary manuscript of Chaucer either, in, what,\nhandwritten, stylized blackletter and with the \"long s\" character, and a \"y\"\nused to represent \"th\" (replacing the older thorn character). But I'm sure\nwe'd have the easier time.\n\n* * *\n\nEven without going nearly so far back as the 1600s, just taking written\nJapanese from the early 1900s would pose something of a challenge to modern\nreaders I think (and of course, any of the things that make that period\ndifficult will apply at least as well to much older Japanese). I've a number\nof books from that time; the word かいましょう was written かひませう, おんな was written\nをんな, いっています could be written いつてゐます. And the kanji characters were still being\nwritten in their old, traditional Chinese forms (see above). Jim Breen has a\npage with [a decent overview of spelling differences from that\ntime](http://nihongo.monash.edu/j_oldkana.html).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T11:13:13.573", "id": "77595", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T11:13:13.573", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39129", "parent_id": "77579", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I asked this question earlier:\n\n> Mother: 当分ここに住むから。\n>\n> Son: えっ!? 何だよそれ。\n>\n> Mother: カワイイ一人息子が頭 打ったんだ。\n>\n> Mother: 様子見くらい いいっしょ。\n\nHere's the question: What does 様子見くらいいいっしょ。 mean?\n\n * 様子見 = wait-and-see\n * くらい = about?around? dunno\n * いいっしょ = it's good, isn't it? it's ok, right? dunno\n\nBut after hours of discussing with some guys I finally get to understand it,\nthough I don't know how to make a literal translation. I can make a decent\nEnglish translation but not a literal translation.\n\nSo, here's what I learned:\n\n様子見くらい いいっしょ。\n\nBreaking it down.\n\n様子見: Gives the idea of \"taking care\";\"looking after\";\"checking in on you\".\n\nくらい: It was really tricky to learn it, I got something like: For my particular\ncontext it gives off the feeling/nuance of \"XYZくらい いいでしょう” ”The amount of\nXYZ... (is small) It's not too much to handle, right?” ”It's not going to hurt\nyou to do a little XYZ\"\n\nIn other words, sometimes XYZくらい trivializes the XYZ\n\nいいっしょ: meaning I think; it seems; probably; right?\n\nSo, what would be a literal translation to it? (I don't know if this kind of\nquestion is acceptable in this website, if it's not. Please warn me, and I'll\ndelete it).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T00:35:09.347", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77580", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T01:04:59.140", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "39039", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "Literal translation 様子見くらいいいっしょ", "view_count": 161 }
[ { "body": "* **様子見** means wait-and-see, watch-and-wait, or seeing what happens without any actual intervention. \"Taking care\" and \"looking after\" are probably misleading because they imply intervention.\n * **くらい** basically means \"this much\" or \"about\", but it indeed implies 様子見 is not a big deal, so \"just 様子見\" is a valid translation.\n * **いい** is \"fine\", \"good\", etc.\n * **っしょ** is colloquialism for でしょう, which is \"I think\", \"..., isn't it?\", etc.\n\nTherefore a literal translation is like \"I think just watching and waiting is\nfine\". It could be translated like \"It's at least fine for me to watch you,\nhuh?\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T01:04:59.140", "id": "77582", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T01:04:59.140", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77580", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "様子見 = wait-and-see → Correct. It's a noun.\n\nくらい = about?around? → Main use of くらい is \"about\" or \"around\", but there are\nalso other usages.\n\n明鏡国語辞典 \nくらい 〘副助〙 〔「ぐらい」とも〕: ❷ 物事を示して、その程度が軽いことを表す。\n\n「それ **くらい** のことでめげるな」\n\n「お茶を飲む **くらい** つきあえよ」\n\nSo くらい is used to show that the previous thing is something small or trivial.\n\nEx. それくらいで慌(あわ)てるな。= Don't get upset over such small thing.\n\nそれぐらいは僕でも知ってる。= Even I know that much.\n\nいいっしょ → Colloquial for いいでしょう.\n\nI don't know the context but 様子見くらい いいっしょ。 is like \"My dear only son got a\nbang on the head, just let me wait and see, darling!\" something like that.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T04:05:04.610", "id": "77584", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T04:05:04.610", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36915", "parent_id": "77580", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77588", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Here's the clip from JoJo's adventures s3e33 where a character says \"shashin\nyako, ne\" and it's translated to \"burn the photos\".\n\n<https://gfycat.com/acidicdearestarctichare>\n\nI couldn't get google translate to think that \"shashin yako\" means burn the\npictures.\n\nI found similar and close words:\n\n * 焼く yaku - which means bake or grill\n * 焚く taku - which means burn\n\nSo I would understand if the character said \"shashin yaku\" but it really\nsounds like \"shashin yako\".\n\nAm I just mishearing this? Is this some sort of accent that makes the \"u\"\nsound like an \"o\"? Is this an inflection?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T05:51:07.270", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77585", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T23:13:44.440", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-25T23:13:44.440", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "37278", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "volitional-form", "inflection" ], "title": "How does \"shashin yako\" translate to \"burn the pictures\"?", "view_count": 140 }
[ { "body": "He's using the volitional form of 焼く which is 焼こう. The volitional form is used\nto indicate \"will\" in the general sense and when used in independent clauses,\noften is translated to \"Let's do [something]\". A perhaps more accurate\ntranslation of what the blob is saying would have been, \"Let's burn the\npictures.\"\n\nYou can learn more about it from [Tae Kim's\nguide](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire) or really any of\nthe multitude of elementary Japanese learning sites.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T06:19:31.340", "id": "77588", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T07:54:43.690", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-25T07:54:43.690", "last_editor_user_id": "3296", "owner_user_id": "3296", "parent_id": "77585", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "For example: It's 6:15.\n\n六時十五分です\n\nCould I just say:\n\n六時十五です\n\nor just:\n\n六時十五", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T05:58:22.313", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77587", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T07:13:36.567", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "29665", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "time" ], "title": "When stating the time does minutes 分 need to be stated?", "view_count": 73 }
[ { "body": "I'm a native Japanese. It depends on the context. When you're talking to a\nfriend/family, you sometimes omit it but rare. Most cases, you add 分\nespecially if it's in written form or formal conversation. For 六時十五です, you\nshould add 分. It makes sense but it sounds off.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T07:13:36.567", "id": "77590", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T07:13:36.567", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39131", "parent_id": "77587", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77594", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am still not 100% when adding の to verbs\n\nI understand that adding の to `泳ぐ` makes it into a noun `泳ぐの` so that you can\ncomment on it like in `泳ぐのが上手です` instead of `泳ぐが上手です` which sounds weird.\n\nBut then when it comes to suru-verbs I get confused.\n\n`料理` is a noun but can be made into a verb using suru -> `料理する`, but then when\ncommenting on swimming skills it needs to be a noun _(noun が [description])_.\n\nSo my question is, do you use the original noun `料理` -> `料理が上手です`, or do you\nturn it into a verb and then back into a noun `料理するの` -> `料理するのが上手です`\n\nAlso which one would be correct?:\n\n 1. だれが歌が上手ですか\n 2. だれが歌うのが上手ですか\n 3. だれが歌うが上手ですか\n\nThis confuses me because the noun `歌` (song) has a verb with an added う -> 歌う.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T09:59:27.483", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77592", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T15:44:01.090", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-25T10:50:56.797", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "36633", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "nouns" ], "title": "Turning verbs into nouns", "view_count": 1300 }
[ { "body": "Both 料理するのが上手です and 料理が上手です are perfectly valid and natural. People say the\nlatter more often simply because it is shorter.\n\nNote that you have to use different particles when there is a target.\n\n鶏 **を** 料理 **するの** が上手です。 \n≒ 鶏 **の** 料理が上手です。 \n= [He] is good at cooking chickens.\n\n料理するの is a nominalized _verb_ , and it can take an object marked with を.\nHowever, 料理 by itself is \"just a noun\", and thus it cannot take an object\nmarked with を. Instead, you have to use の, which links two nouns. (See also:\n[Jlpt/n5q5: 弟は部屋◯掃除をしました。◯: の versus に\noption](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26120/5010))\n\n> 1. だれが歌が上手ですか\n> 2. だれが歌うのが上手ですか\n> 3. だれが歌うが上手ですか\n>\n\n歌う (\"sing\") is a regular godan (consonant-stem) verb which happens to be\netymologically related to 歌 (\"song\"), which is a noun. (歌う is not a suru-verb;\nwe don't say 歌する.) Sentence 3 is plain wrong and you know why. Sentences 1 and\n2 are both valid and natural, and there is no difference I can think of.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T11:09:29.790", "id": "77594", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T11:09:29.790", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77592", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77601", "answer_count": 1, "body": "What's the difference between 感謝している and 感謝する? Looking at\n<http://www.tanos.co.uk/jlpt/skills/vocab/sentences/?vocabid=85961> , I get\nthe impression that for the word 感謝, it is not as simple as one being the\ncontinuous tense and the other, the present tense. From the link, it seems\nthat both has the meaning of \"I am grateful\" (in the state of being grateful),\nand that means both is in continuous tense rather than present. Sounds to me\nlike 感謝する does not/cannot/will not mean \"I will be grateful\". A more concrete\nexample:\n\n食べ物に感謝する and 食べ物に感謝している both means \"I am grateful for the food\". The former\ncannot mean \"I will be grateful for the food\" and can only ever mean \"I am\ngrateful for the food\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T12:51:27.343", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77598", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T15:49:04.217", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-25T15:34:44.743", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "31222", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "aspect" ], "title": "Difference between 感謝している and 感謝する", "view_count": 823 }
[ { "body": "感謝する is \"to thank\", and 感謝している is \"to have been thankful (since sometime in\nthe past)\" or \"to be (always) thankful\". Use 感謝します when someone just did\nsomething for you. Use 感謝しています when someone did something for you in the past\nand you've been thankful since then. You can say (この)食べ物に感謝します referring to\none specific meal in front of you. You can say 食べ物に感謝しています to mean you are\nalways thankful for food.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T14:53:57.393", "id": "77601", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T15:49:04.217", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-25T15:49:04.217", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77598", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 3, "body": "From [this post](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/1848228), I gather that the\ndifference between 変身 and 変化 is a matter of the transformation’s distinctness.\nHowever, I came across 変化 being used in the following sentence:\n\n> カメレオンは、環境が変わったとき、色の **変化** が見られる。\n\nIt seems to me that a chameleon’s color-change is distinct enough to warrant\nthe use of 変身. Then, could 変身 also be used in this case or does only 変化 make\nsense?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T19:02:01.417", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77602", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T08:54:34.213", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "word-usage" ], "title": "Can 変身 be used instead of 変化 in this case?", "view_count": 733 }
[ { "body": "In this sentence, the distinction between 変化 and 変身 does not apply to カメレオン\nbut to 色. \" **色の** 変化が見られる\" a change **of color** can be seen. Therefore 変身\ncannot be used here, since a color cannot go through transformation, only\nchange.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T19:50:38.477", "id": "77603", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T19:50:38.477", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "17942", "parent_id": "77602", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "> difference between 変身 and 変化 is a matter of the transformation’s\n> distinctness.\n\nNo, this is highly misguided. Perhaps the native speaker in that post wanted\nto say 変身 is somehow more \"drastic\", but he failed to explain the most\nimportant aspect of 変身 well.\n\n変身 is used only when a human(oid) or an animal transforms to a drastically\ndifferent form. It's a word used mainly in fiction (Spider-Man, Power Rangers,\nSuper Saiyans, zombies, etc), but it's sometimes used in the field of makeup,\nfashion and cosplay, too. Metamorphosis (of insects) is also sometimes\nreferred to as 変身 by laypeople (the academic term is 変態). 変身 sounds catchy,\nespecially to kids. So you can find some articles that say chameleons can do\n変身, but this may not be a standard usage of 変身.\n\n変化 is \"change\" in general, and \"change in color\" is 色の変化. We never say 色の変身 no\nmatter how distinctive or drastic it is. This is simply because 色 itself is\nnot a human nor an animal.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T01:08:58.143", "id": "77607", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T03:23:17.910", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-26T03:23:17.910", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77602", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "变身 usually indicates the 变化 from a person(or animal,imaging Ultraman,Pokemon).\nwhat's more,there is tiny 变化 and large 变化,变身 belongs to large 变化", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T08:54:34.213", "id": "77615", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T08:54:34.213", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39146", "parent_id": "77602", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77605", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am reading a document that has some normal 体言止め and want to review:\n\n> 2021年度からaaaドームのネーミングライツ権を取得。\n\nok. Since **取得** is slated to happen in the future, **する** has been dropped.\nThis is normal. Then, in the same document:\n\n> 2018年秋にサービスを開始すると発表した。\n\nClearly, this **する** happened in the past and can only be inferred as **した**\nyet it is not dropped.\n\nNext, here is chance for 体言止め with 受け身形 (passive) in the present tense:\n\n> このapplicationで現在地を検索するには、GPSを用いた位置情報取得権限が要求される。\n\nThis only makes sense if 要求 is in the present tense in passive voice (される),\nbut される is not dropped.\n\n**question** \nThe rule of 体言止め with サ変名詞 is just that \"する\" can only be dropped if \"する\" is\njust \"する\", and not conjugated even if the context makes any conjugation (into\npast, passive, or causitive) 100% clear?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T23:23:15.803", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77604", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T23:52:23.577", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38738", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "abbreviations" ], "title": "体言止め can only be applied to サ変名詞 when する is just する (and not past or passive), right?", "view_count": 184 }
[ { "body": "Note that you don't _have to_ use 体言止め. It's very common, but still is a kind\nof rhetorical device to make a sentence look more vivid, dramatic, concise,\netc. Plain Japanese sentences usually do not use it.\n\nYou can safely use 体言止め for past (and active) actions. For example:\n\n>\n> 1995年、○○大学を卒業。1995年に○○商社に入社、○○事業部に配属。○○の研究開発に従事。2008年、退職。その後文筆家として活動。テレビにも多数出演。2015年○○大学講師に就任。\n\nOn the other hand, passive される _can_ be dropped, but is relatively uncommon\nand should be used sparingly when space is really limited, like in news\nheadlines.\n\n> * 暴動で200人が逮捕\n> * 霞ヶ浦のワカサギ漁が解禁\n>\n\nEven in headlines, usually active versions are preferred (e.g., 暴動で200人 **を**\n逮捕). Often が is also omitted (e.g. 暴動で200人逮捕, 霞ヶ浦のワカサギ漁解禁), in which case it\nis hard to tell whether the verb is active or passive.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-25T23:52:23.577", "id": "77605", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-25T23:52:23.577", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77604", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "So, i was reading a podcast script and came across this sentence :\n\n> はい、何に四苦八苦しています? そんなの秒で答えられます。 コロナです\n\nDoes `そんなの秒で答えられます` mean something along the lines of i will answer you in a\nsecond ?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T06:18:56.640", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77611", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T06:24:40.690", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-26T06:21:21.547", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "35822", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "phrases" ], "title": "On the meaning of そんなの秒で", "view_count": 82 }
[ { "body": "* そんなの is \"something like that\", \"such a thing\", or in this context, \"such a question\". (に)は has been omitted after it.\n * 秒で is a recent _slangy_ adverb meaning \"in a second\" or \"instantly\". Use with caution.\n * 答えられます is the (polite) potential form of 答える.\n\n> そんなの秒で答えられます。 \n> I can answer such a question instantly.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T06:24:40.690", "id": "77612", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T06:24:40.690", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77611", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77614", "answer_count": 1, "body": "その時を待っている - I will be waiting for that time\n\nその時に待っている - \"I will be waiting **for** that time\" or \"I will be waiting **at**\nthat time\"\n\nThe first sentence only can ever have that single translation. The second\nsentence, however can mean 2 things. Is there a way to disambiguate the second\nsentence? (apart from context)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T06:25:38.857", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77613", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T06:32:43.567", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "31222", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particle-に" ], "title": "Disambiguating に and を", "view_count": 91 }
[ { "body": "Who said the second sentence has two meanings? その時 **に** 待っている **only** means\n\"I will be waiting at that time _(for something else)_ \". What you are waiting\nfor is not mentioned. You'll ever need this sentence only in special contexts.\n\n~ **を** 待つ in Japanese means \"to wait **for** ~\" in English. This is something\nyou have to remember.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T06:32:43.567", "id": "77614", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T06:32:43.567", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "77613", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77617", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm currently watching terrace House boys and girls next door and heard came\nacross this line;\n\nDaiki: てっちゃんには言ったじゃん、俺出るって。\n\nTecchan: うん、きいてたね 俺はね。\n\nDaiki :でもちょっとまだお世話になろうかな。\n\nI looked up 「お世話になる」 and got sth like \"to be indebted to someone\". Now I would\nlike like to know what it means in this context.\n\nThanks for reading.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T10:46:07.410", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77616", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T12:05:02.283", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39118", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "expressions", "nouns" ], "title": "meaning of お世話になる in this context", "view_count": 145 }
[ { "body": "お世話になる is a set phrase said to someone you expect to be in contact with from\nnow onwards, and it means kind of \"let's look after each other\" (see the basic\nmeaning of\n[お世話する](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8A%E4%B8%96%E8%A9%B1%E3%82%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)).\nFor example, it is typically said to a neighbour when you move in to a new\napartment.\n\nConversely, when you move out and you don't expect to be in touch frequently\nwith this person, you can say お世話になりました (note the past tense), to appreciate\nthat this person has been there for you until this moment.\n\nTherefore, taking a look at your context, I guess it just means that Daiki is\nconsidering to stay a litte bit longer:\n\n> Daiki: てっちゃんには言ったじゃん、俺出るって。I've told Techhan [you], that I'm leaving.\n>\n> Tecchan: うん、きいてたね 俺はね。Yes, I've heard it.\n>\n> Daiki :でもちょっとまだお世話になろうかな。But, I'm thinking of _taking care of each other_ [\n> **staying** ] a little bit more.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T12:05:02.283", "id": "77617", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T12:05:02.283", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "32952", "parent_id": "77616", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77620", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Well, actually, I may have some idea why 見つけません is inappropriate; I'm less\nclear why 見つかりません is significantly less so.\n\nMy question is a follow-on to [this answer from @naruto to a recent\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/77562/39129) (by someone else),\nand the brief comment exchange we had there.\n\nProbably best if you just go there for the details, but the summary I'll give\nhere is that the original question asked about an example sentence\nさっきから携帯電話を探しているのですが, with a set of choices for how to finish the sentence:\n[見つかりません/見つけません][。/でした。]\n\nIn the answer in question, it was asserted that 見つかりません is the most\nappropriate answer, as \"we don't usually say\" the 見つけません-based possibilities\navailable, and 見つかりませんでした as a follow on to the given sentence, because it\n\"sounds like the speaker suddenly gave up in the middle of the sentence\".\n\nSo far, so good.\n\nI then proposed the Japanese textbook (especially if written by an English-\nspeaking native as opposed to Japanese speaker) might have been aiming for the\nactually-less-natural 見つけません, because it preserves the same grammatical\nsubject (which would be a false reason, as this isn't important in Japanese,\nbut it also seems like the sort of pseudo-reasoning a non-native test-creator\nmight come up with). The response back was that 見つけません sounds terribly wrong,\nand no native speaker would say this.\n\nMy question is: why? As I said, I think I suspect why, and I'm about to make\nsome guesses as to why, but then I'm more interested at the follow-up\nquestion: why is 見つかりません okay where 見つけません is not (in this context)?\n\n* * *\n\nWhat I suspect the reason to be why, lies in the fact that _I will not find\nit_ is the translation noted for 見つけません (in that answer), while 見つかりません was\ngiven as _It has not been found (so far/yet)_. The note for 見つけません makes sense\nfor me - it's a present or future tense, and just doesn't fit nicely with\n探している, which is a currently-ongoing action. Why would anyone be searching for\nsomething if they're confident \"I won't find it\".\n\nBut then, the 見つかりません has exactly the same tense. Why is it \"exempt\"? I would\nexpect that to mean \"It will not be found\", in the same way that 見つけません means\n\"I will not find it\". Is it just a \"special exception\", or is there a more\ngenerally applicable rule of grammar underneath this (i.e., are there other\nexamples that can be given that reflect similar situations)?\n\nFor my part, if I were not looking at a multiple-choice answer list, I feel\nlike I wouldn't have chosen any of those, and would have gone with まだ見つかっていません\n(since 見つかる is an intransitive verb, 見つかっていません should not mean \"is not being\nfound\", but rather \"is not (yet) in the state of having been found\", in the\nsame way that 田中さんは来ています doesn't mean \"Mr. Tanaka is coming (on the way)\", but\ninstead means \"Mr. Tanaka came (and as a result is here)\")\n\nOr, if I want to use 見つける instead, I might say, perhaps more awkwardly (but I\nhope still correctly?) 見つけてありません, for an equivalent counterpart to that\n見つかっていません.\n\nHow do these answers stack up against the approved (from the set of available\nchoices) 見つかりません answer? Better, worse? And, why is 見つかりません acceptable in\nplace of 見つかっていません, but 見つけません is not acceptable in place of 見つけてありません?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T12:07:21.353", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77618", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T12:53:28.600", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39129", "post_type": "question", "score": 6, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Why is 見つけません inappropriate here?", "view_count": 264 }
[ { "body": "見つからない has a stative function, which I sort of see as an extension of the\nhabitual/repetitive meaning of “(どんだけ探しても)見つからない” = “(no matter how how many\ntimes I look for it) it won’t be found”.\n\nThat is, the state is of not being able to find something\nrepeatedly/iteratively, though it’s more of a nuance than explicitly so.\n\nOn the other hand 見つかってない is more a matter-of-fact “it has not be found\n(yet)”. This form tends to only be used with まだ or in the past tense, because\nyou are emphasizing the state of it not being found, and in turn suggesting\nthat it will be or was already found at some point later in time.\n\n見つけてある is unfortunately not generally useful because it has a further\nconnotation of reading like “find (in preparation for something else)”.\n\nAnd as for 見つけない, you are correct that this ends up meaning “I will not find\nit”, which tends to be an odd declaration to make.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T12:53:28.600", "id": "77620", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T12:53:28.600", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "77618", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77673", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm learning both the -ていく/-てくる form to express something done during the\nmovement and the -ている form to express a repetitive / custom action.\n\nBut, if I want to say that everyday I'm reading a book when I come to work,\ncan I say : まいにちかいしゃに本をよんでいいています。\n\nIt's difficult for me to understand how to combine these two forms. Thanks for\nyour help :)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T12:22:35.913", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77619", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-28T09:43:31.833", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T13:35:12.043", "last_editor_user_id": "33435", "owner_user_id": "39148", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "form" ], "title": "-te iku form with repetition / habitual action", "view_count": 142 }
[ { "body": "Although 本を よんで いって いる is not wrong, you usually use 本を よみながら いって いる instead\nfor that meaning.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-28T09:43:31.833", "id": "77673", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-28T09:43:31.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "77619", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77625", "answer_count": 1, "body": ">\n> 例えば、東北地方に「なげる」という方言がある。これは「捨てる」という意味だが、方言を知らない人が「これをなげて」と言われて、「投げる」だと解釈して、ごみを投げ返して\n> **怒られた** という話がある。\n\nMy question is about the word 「怒られた」. For the dictionary form「怒る」, there are\ntwo meanings in the dictionary, one is to \"to get angry\"(自動詞), the other is\n\"to scold\"(他動詞).\n\nWhich interpretation is better \"indirect passive\" (A got angry and B was\nnegatively affected) or \"direct passive\" (A scolded B)?\n\nMy teacher (who is not a native speaker) said that to use the \"indirect\npassive voice\", there must be 「に」, the one that takes/took the action:\n(Bは)Aに怒られた。 But there is no「に」in the above sentence, so it must mean \"got\nscolded\". I have some doubt about his explanation.\n\nFor reference, [the definition of 怒る from\n大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%93%E3%82%8B):\n\n> **おこ・る [2] 【怒る】**\n>\n> ( 動ラ五[四] ) \n> ① 腹を立てる。立腹する。いかる。 「真っ赤になって-・る」 \n> ② しかる。 「先生に-・られる」\n> 〔動詞「おこる」は自動詞で,「…をおこる」とは言えない。「先生におこられた」はいわゆる迷惑の受身の例。迷惑の受身とは,「(雨が)降る」「(父親が)死ぬ」のような自動詞で作られる,迷惑を受けた人を主語とした受身表現「(私は出先で)雨に降られた」「(彼は幼い時に)父親に死なれて苦労した」をいう。それに対して「しかる」は他動詞で,しかる相手が存在する。相手は動作者よりも目下の者で,動作者は教育的な立場から行い,意図的におこったようなこわい顔をすることはあっても,原則として非感情的である〕\n>\n> **[可能]** おこれる", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T13:51:36.407", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77622", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T00:54:02.780", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T00:54:02.780", "last_editor_user_id": "33235", "owner_user_id": "33235", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "meaning", "passive-voice" ], "title": "Meaning of 怒られた, scolded or angry at?", "view_count": 896 }
[ { "body": "In this case it is\n\n>\n> 方言を知らない人(A)が(方言を使う人Bに)「これをなげて」と言われて、「投げる」だと(Aが)解釈して、(Aが)ごみを投げ返して(Bに)怒られたという話がある。\n\nAnd the 怒られる is just a standard passive of “BがAに怒った” (B ‘madded at’ A) →\n“AがBに怒られた” (A got ‘madded at’ by B).\n\nI think the terms “indirect passive” and “direct passive” are generally\nmisleading. Basically when the subject of a passive sentence is a human, one\n_can_ interpret that as the human being negatively affected by something.\nE.g., 財布が盗まれた has no human subject, while 財布を盗まれた has the implicit human\nsubject of the owner of the wallet, so the latter sounds more negative\n(because the losing of the wallet “happened to” the owner, as opposed to being\nlost happening to the wallet).\n\nIn the case of your sentence, the subject is indeed a human (A), so them being\nnegatively affected is a possible reading (but it’s cancelable, like 怒られて喜んだ).\n\nWhether there was explicit 叱る/“scolding” or not is a little ambiguous, but the\nimportant thing to understand is that 怒る can’t be a purely internal emotion of\nB when the subject of the passive is human, because it has to be something\nthat A can be “affected” by for the passive to make sense. It could be\nsomething as simple as B saying おい、何すんだ! or ふざけんな, or even their eyes widening\nin preparation for some physical counterattack.\n\n(Interestingly, this “externally-visible getting angry” connotation that\noccurs with 怒られる has since sort of becomes its “own word” and can be accessed\nin the active form as 〜を怒る (despite the conservative note in the dictionary\ndefinition you attached which claims otherwise). But I see this as a recent\nevolution, and the passive can be understood without it — however, some may\nchoose to now analyze such 怒られる as the passive form of 〜を怒る instead of 〜に怒る).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T16:56:50.800", "id": "77625", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T17:19:50.433", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-26T17:19:50.433", "last_editor_user_id": "3097", "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "77622", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77624", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NCjJw.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NCjJw.png)\n\nI was making some sentence cards and was wondering what だって in this case\nmeant.\n\nI got sth like \" **Even I** am of use as splendid maid for Kobayashi.\"\n\nfor context: Lucoa was summoned by Shota but doesn't want to leave. Tohru\ntells her, she can't just stay for free.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T14:07:39.497", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77623", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T16:31:13.360", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-26T14:20:40.927", "last_editor_user_id": "39118", "owner_user_id": "39118", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "usage", "word-usage" ], "title": "use of だって after 私", "view_count": 139 }
[ { "body": "Yes, that’s right. In particular, it gives the flavor of making a\ncounterargument to something that was already stated. So one could imagine\nthat the context is about Lucoa not being useful, and she is trying argue\nagainst that.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T16:31:13.360", "id": "77624", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T16:31:13.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "77623", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I still have some trouble with the の particle sometimes.\n\nI'm doing my Bunpro reviews rn and he translation gives me sth like \"the one\nthat...\"\n\nI didn't quite understand the exact concept behind this particular case\nthough.\n\nThanks for reading.\n\n[![my review on\nBunpro](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xd0Sl.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xd0Sl.png)", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T17:08:06.400", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77626", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T17:08:06.400", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39118", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particle-の" ], "title": "use of の in this sentence", "view_count": 65 }
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77629", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I came across this sentence:\n\nパトカーに 捉まってしまいました。\n\nThe book I am using, explains に is used here to indicate the passive form. I\nlooked up a video explaining it by [Misa from Japanese\nAmmo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPOA3OYFnj4). She explains that one of\nthe reasons to use passive form, is to express feeling upset, angry or\nembarrassed. Apparently [Verb te-form + しまいました](https://www.learn-japanese-\nadventure.com/how-to-use-japanese-verb-teform-shimaimashita.html) can be used\nto express regret or embarrassment. Now, Misa does not explain in that lesson\nthat the passive could also be formed with Verb te-form + しまいました, the website\nthat explains Verb te-form + しまいました does not include passive examples. Can you\nbuild the passive with Verb te-form + しまいました instead of the passive form of\nthe verb?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T20:04:04.403", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77628", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T20:36:39.500", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36811", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "passive-voice" ], "title": "Can you build the passive with Verb te-form + しまいました instead of the passive form of the verb?", "view_count": 339 }
[ { "body": "The passiveness here has nothing to do with てしまう. Your sentence uses the verb\n捕まる which means \"to be caught\". The passive is inherent in the verb choice.\nCompare this with the verb 捕まえる which means \"to catch\". Japanese has a lot of\nverb pairs like this.\n\nThe てしまう ending merely adds a sense of regret as you correctly stated.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T20:36:39.500", "id": "77629", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T20:36:39.500", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "77628", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "When chaining verbs, especially long sentences during writing, is it common\n(and grammatically correct) to use commas? For example:\n\n> 食堂に行って、焼うどんを食べて、帰ってくる\n\nPersonally, I find it harder to read without the commas (especially when\nparticles are ommited. Eg: 食堂行って焼うどん食べて帰ってくる). So a second question, if I do\nnot attach the commas, will it be legible/readable and grammatically correct?\n(Imagine を particles getting omitted and the list of verbs goes on and on)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-26T21:27:11.637", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77630", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-28T05:13:09.627", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-28T04:07:06.470", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "31222", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "punctuation" ], "title": "Using commas when chaining verbs", "view_count": 118 }
[ { "body": "In general there is no hard rule, so you can use a lot of discretion. A lot of\nit is a matter of style. It's definitely common to use it in your situation,\nas it clearly makes it easier to read.\n\nIf you don't use commas in that sentence, it's still ok (at least for\nexperienced readers). It should also be grammatically correct.\n\n[Here](https://prowriters.jp/blog/20) is some guideline. However, don't take\nit as gospel. There are different styles and preferences.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-28T05:13:09.627", "id": "77668", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-28T05:13:09.627", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "77630", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "So my language resources gave me this sentence, in many forms and I still cant\nunderstand where \"must\" comes from or the need to in the Japanese. It's\nfrequent, and I'm assuming a grammar phrase with no literal translation, but\nmega confusing.\n\n> そろそろ恐怖心に立ち向かわないと行けないね。\n\nTranslated as \"It's time for me to face my fears.\"\n\nIn this particular sentence, it's the added 行けない at the end that confuses the\nhell out of me, as my head is interpreting it as \"must not\".\n\nMore generally it's the use of these ないと and 行けない being paired I've seen used\na lot which confuses me, as I only associate it with a negation as nai general\nmeaning/use.\n\nThanks", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-27T00:02:22.200", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77631", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T21:34:06.220", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T21:34:06.220", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35240", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "modality" ], "title": "How does ないと signify \"must\" in Japanese sometimes?", "view_count": 1100 }
[ { "body": "-ないと doesn't indicate \"must\", but -ないといけない does (the 行 also usually wouldn't be written in kanji in this case, either). It's one of a few set phrases that just mean \"must\", and are pretty automatic when that's what you want to express. Some similar patterns that work the same way are:\n\n * それをしないとならない\n * それをしなくてはダメ\n\nInstead of using -ないと, you can also use -なければ or -なくては. In the case of the ダメ\nexpression I think I've only seen -なくては used.\n\nThe flavors are perhaps slightly different, especially with ダメ which is more\nforceful/blunt. I can't tell a difference between いけない and ならない (but I'm not\nnative, either). But they're both just rattled off without thinking - no one's\nconscious of saying \"If you do this it won't [go/do]\", the feeling is exactly\n\"you must do X\". Except of course that the ダメ one is perhaps something more\nlike \"it would be unacceptable to fail to do X\". Still a rote phrase, though.\n\nSee [this post from Tae Kim's\nguide](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must) for more info.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-27T01:38:28.540", "id": "77634", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T01:38:28.540", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39129", "parent_id": "77631", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "First, yes, 〜ないといけない is a grammatical phrase, usually translated as \"must\" or\n\"have to\". Correspondingly, it will usually be written in hiragana rather than\nkanji.\n\nSecond, your confusion is totally natural; I think a lot of Japanese learners\nwill come across constructions with a couple of negatives and a conditional in\nthe mix and wonder how to parse it... But, there is some logic to this\nexpression, and you can break it down a bit if you must for the sake of\nunderstanding it. The two things to look at are:\n\n1) 〜ないと means \"If (I) don't 〜\", usually with a greater sense of\nimportance/associated repercussions than its grammatical siblings なければ or\nなかったら.\n\n2) While いけない can indeed mean \"must not\", it can (quite relatedly) mean\nsomething like \"it's no good\".\n\nTherefore, perhaps you might prefer to unpick the complete phrase ないといけない as\nmeaning \"If I don't do it, it'll be no good - so logically, I must do it\".\n\nHopefully, as you see/use the phrase more, it'll just click into place as its\nplainer translation of \"must\" or \"have to\", but that sort of explanation might\nhelp in the meantime.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-27T01:44:03.510", "id": "77635", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T01:52:40.427", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T01:52:40.427", "last_editor_user_id": "33435", "owner_user_id": "33435", "parent_id": "77631", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "77640", "answer_count": 2, "body": "Why is the sentence 「紙で書きます」 not correct?\n\nIs it not the case that the 紙 is where the writing action takes place?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-27T00:34:08.543", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77632", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-02T07:05:32.810", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T01:06:03.117", "last_editor_user_id": "33435", "owner_user_id": "39151", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "に-and-で" ], "title": "紙に書きます or 紙で書きます – which is correct?", "view_count": 416 }
[ { "body": "Because this で is interpreted as \"with\" which marks a \"method\", as in 鉛筆で書く\n(to write with a pencil). So 紙で書きます is unnatural.\n\nHowever, 家で書きます makes sense. This で is interpreted as \"at\" which marks\n\"place\". It means \"to write at home\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-27T06:20:04.643", "id": "77638", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T06:43:54.357", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T06:43:54.357", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "77632", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "**Edited** : Only 紙に書きます is correct, when you mean \"write on paper\". 紙で書きます is\nby no means a normal saying. This is because when they are used to indicate a\nlocation, で means \"static\" place while に means \"directional\" place. This is\nnot an exceptional distinction among languages while English generally lacks\nit, but I am not sure whether you already know about it while you are asking\nthis question.\n\nIf you don't:\n\n * に is (mostly) for the location as destination of an action i.e. the action leads you or something to that place\n\n> いすに座る \"sit on/onto chair\" (before you sit, you were not on the chair) \n> 壁に貼る \"stick to wall\" (before you stick, it was not on the wall)\n\n * で as the background when the action takes place\n\n> 食堂で食べる \"eat at cafeteria\" (you do whole eating at the cafeteria) \n> 道で遊ぶ \"play on(/*onto) street\" (you do whole playing on the street)\n\nBut there are two exceptions that may confuse you. (1) A very few verbs that\nmean statically being somewhere only take に for the location, most notably\n**ある/いる** , as well as 住む, 立つ, 滞在する etc. (2) Classical Japanese had no で, so\nsometimes you see に used in bookish expressions: 現代 **に** 生きる我々.\n\nWriting on paper is an action of putting ink _onto_ the surface of paper, thus\nin this mental image, paper can only be a destination of an act.\n\nIf you say 紙で書きます, I think most of us would imagine either of the following as\na result of a reasonable inference.\n\n * \"on paper form\" as opposed to any electronic medium or audio record etc.\n * \"with paper\" as if you have paper in your hand instead of pen and write something\n\nBut strictly speaking, it is not totally impossible to activate で's \"location\"\nsense in the mind. In this case, yes, it means \"where the writing action takes\nplace\", only that as @istrasci says in the comment, it has to be a location\ncompared with a \"room\" or \"lot\". That means the \"paper\" is really big relative\nto you.\n\nIt reminds me of an episode of Looney Tunes, where as I remember Sylvester the\nCat somehow got a genie that allowed him a wish, and he wanted to _lunch on_\nthe canary. At the next moment, he found himself in front of a dining\ntable......set on the top of Tweety's head, shrinking to that size. If my\nmemory serves me well, the Japanese translation that carried the two-way\nmeaning was カナリア **で** メシにする.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-27T09:50:50.733", "id": "77640", "last_activity_date": "2020-06-02T07:05:32.810", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-02T07:05:32.810", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "77632", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Both 守 and 護 mean \"to protect\" or \"to safeguard\", but are there any\ndifferences between them?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2020-05-27T00:58:31.223", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "77633", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-27T01:14:44.097", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-27T01:14:44.097", "last_editor_user_id": "32264", "owner_user_id": "32264", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "kanji", "kanji-choice" ], "title": "Difference between 守る and 護る", "view_count": 53 }
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