question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I read somewhere that if から follows a verb, the use will be **because/reason**\nis it always like that?\n\nI got confused in this sentence:\n\n> あぶないだろ家まで送るから\n\n家まで送る is clear to me but I was thrown off because of から. Is the translation:\n_It is dangerous so (kara) I will take you (made) home_ or should it be: _It\nis dangerous. I will take/see you until we reach your home_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T07:18:12.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77864",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-07T13:32:59.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Use of から in 家まで送るから",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "Another usage of から is _showing strong assertion or determination_. So if\n家まで送る translates into \"I will take you home\", then 家まで送るから can perhaps be \"I\nwill take you home (with a determined, won't-take-no-for-an-answer face)\". By\nthe way, any chance だろ is actually だろう?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T09:11:29.277",
"id": "77866",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-07T09:11:29.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38989",
"parent_id": "77864",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I think there has to be some sentence after から. 危ないだろ 家まで送るから(歩いて帰らなくていいよ)\n危ないだろ 家まで送るから(ちょっと待ってて)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T13:32:59.497",
"id": "77871",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-07T13:32:59.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "77864",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
77864
| null |
77866
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77870",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/70369/how-do-parents-\nsay-i-when-talking-to-their-children-in-japanese) thread, I asked about how\nparents say \"I\" when talking to their children. I want to refine that question\nto specifically how fathers refer to themselves. My understanding is that\nfathers usually refer to themselves as パパ or お父さん when talking to young\nchildren, but that they switch to 俺 or お父さん some time later. Some questions\nabout that:\n\n**1.** Which is more common in general when they switch, 俺 or お父さん?\n\n**2.** At what approximate age of the child might that change happen? In their\nteens? In their 20s?\n\n**3.** Does the gender of the child ever influence how a father would refer to\nhimself? i.e. using 俺 when talking to a boy and using お父さん when talking to a\ngirl about himself.\n\n**4.** Is the choice of personal pronoun influenced by whether you are in\npublic or private? i.e. at home, the father says 俺 but in a public place with\npeople around he chooses お父さん instead.\n\nAny other observations would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T11:23:12.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77869",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-07T14:02:47.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"first-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "How do fathers say \"I\" when talking to their children in Japanese?",
"view_count": 615
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. パパ, お父さん, 僕, and 俺 are used when the children are young. パパ is less used when they become adults. But お父さん, 僕, and 俺 are still used when they become adults. Switching their personal pronoun doesn’t always occur, but I think 僕 and 俺 rarely change to パパ and お父さん. パパ and お父さん has an air of viewing their children as kids, though many fathers call themselves パパ and お父さん even when their children become adults.\n\n 2. It really depends on the family, but for example, it could be when the children start to go to elementary school, junior high school, high school, or university.\n\n 3. Maybe more young girls call their fathers パパ, so some fathers call themselves パパ more often when they talk with their daughters.\n\n 4. That occurs often. Some fathers and children think that it's embarrassing that they would be using パパ or お父さん. Similarly, in formal situations like an interview at school, fathers may use 私.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T13:29:19.463",
"id": "77870",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-07T14:02:47.587",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-07T14:02:47.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "77869",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
77869
|
77870
|
77870
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77904",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In japanese writing, the ubiquitous 「」is used to mark speech. I have seen \"\"\nbeing used instead of 「」especially on messaging apps. Question is, what's the\ndifference? For the record, I have only seen \"\" being used in messaging apps",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T15:31:14.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77875",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T05:53:06.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"symbols"
],
"title": "quotation marks「」vs ””",
"view_count": 915
}
|
[
{
"body": "The primary function of quotes is to enclose what someone said or thought,\nusually along with a quotative-と. For this basic purpose, the \"proper\"\nJapanese quotation marks (`「」`) are normally chosen, but other symbols are\nsometimes used in informal situations.\n\nTo highlight important or unfamiliar words, various symbols including `「」`, `“\n”`, `【】`, [傍点](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15270/5010) and so on are\nused, according to the writer's preference or the rule of a publisher.\n(Japanese does not have italics.) Perhaps `「」` is the most traditional, but `“\n”` is equally common. In general, many Japanese people do not make a strict\ndistinction in the use of these symbols (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29341/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21274/5010)) to highlight words,\nso you don't have to worry too much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T05:47:52.437",
"id": "77904",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T05:53:06.560",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T05:53:06.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77875",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77875
|
77904
|
77904
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "日商工は３団体 **でも** 一番歴史が古く１９２２年に発足した。\n\n(As backdrop, the 経済連、経済交友会 and 日商工 are the three largest business lobbying\norganizations in Japan according to the Manga. And 日商工 is the oldest.)\n\nMy question: what does でも mean here? でも usually have three meanings:- 1) but\n2) even including and 3) among other things. But でも here does not seem to fit\nin any of the above meanings.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T15:31:42.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77876",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T17:20:21.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21697",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of でも in this special context from しまこうさく まなが",
"view_count": 61
}
|
[
{
"body": "Whether the で and the も are analyzed separately or as one unit, でも in this\nsentence would emphasize the subject as the **superlative case** among the\nthree, loosely fitting within the second usage you listed (\"even including\").\n\nSometimes it's hard to find a corresponding usage category in a J-E\ndictionary, which usually list only the main usages, whereas in a more\ncomprehensive J-J dictionary you can find a closer match.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T17:20:21.117",
"id": "77892",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T17:20:21.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39163",
"parent_id": "77876",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77876
| null |
77892
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77880",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference in using 何もかも and 全部? Eg:\n\n何もかも捨てる\n\n全部捨てる\n\nI have also seen:\n\n何もかも全部捨てる\n\nWhat are the differences and when should I use them",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T15:40:37.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77877",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T01:29:41.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "何もかも and 全部 usages",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "全部 just objectively says that the statement applies to \"all\" the things\nconcerned.\n\n何もかも is more emphatic, in that it suggests the statement applies to all the\nthings concerned, whatever or whichever it may be. It's kind of like\n\"whatsoever\" in English, except it can be used by itself.\n\nUsing both, as in 何もかも全部捨てる, is like in English saying \"any...whatsoever\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T01:29:41.580",
"id": "77880",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T01:29:41.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39163",
"parent_id": "77877",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77877
|
77880
|
77880
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a prologue to a Nintendo DS japan-exclusive videogame. It was never\nreleased overseas but received a fan-translation.\n\nI'm very confused as to how the Japanese part is even grammatically correct. I\nthought the を + e verb form was only a command, or it meant the potential\nform.\n\n> ２５年前のあの日から...\n>\n> この島の時間は...錆びついて止まったまま...\n>\n> **時を…鳴らせ…**\n>\n> ２５年の空白が動き出す…\n>\n> そして、刻みだした時の音が再びこの島に響き渡る…\n>\n> さぁ… あの惨劇をもう１度…\n>\n> ２５年前の惨劇をもう１度…\n\n> 25 years ago on that day...\n>\n> This island... stopped in time...\n>\n> **Revive... time...**\n>\n> The frozen era comes to an end, resuming time.\n>\n> And then, the ticking of time once again echoes throughout...\n>\n> Now... Let's experience that tragedy once more...\n>\n> The tragedy 25 years ago that befalls again...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T17:12:13.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77878",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T19:32:04.597",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Confusion over the use of particle in this verb form 時を…鳴らせ…",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 時を…鳴らせ\n\nThough you didn't clarify which line you were asking about, I'm assuming it's\nthis one, as this is the only を + _verb_ pattern I see in your text. ( _Note_\n: the question has since been edited to provide highlighting on the\nappropriate sentence.)\n\n時が鳴る → Time resounds \n時を鳴らす → (+ -らす [\"causative\"\nform](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass#Causative_Verbs)):\n[You/someone] let time resound \n時を鳴らせ → (+ \"imperative\" form/\"command\"): Let time resound!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-07T22:45:53.167",
"id": "77879",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T19:32:04.597",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-08T19:32:04.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "39129",
"owner_user_id": "39129",
"parent_id": "77878",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77878
| null |
77879
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across a sentence lately that said あの二人はどうもできているらしい。\"They seem to be in\nlove with each other\".\n\nI'm having trouble understanding this usage because I couldn't find anything\non it online.\n\nできている would mean in love in that sentence but how does that work?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T02:21:06.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77882",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T02:59:02.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-08T02:59:02.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "39286",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"slang"
],
"title": "あの二人{ふたり}はどうもできているらしい's \"できている\"",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "できている has a slangy meaning \"to be in a relationship / dating (secretly)\".\n\n明鏡国語辞典 says:\n\n> できる \n> ❹《「できている」の形で》〔俗〕男女がひそかに結ばれたり言い交わしたりして、特別の関係になっている意を表す。「あの二人はできている」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T02:42:24.510",
"id": "77883",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T02:47:33.540",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-08T02:47:33.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "77882",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77882
| null |
77883
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77885",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I learnt that in Japanese, the の preposition is used to describe the direction\nof a place (up, down, right, left, next to, etc. For example:\n\n * **部屋の中** (heya no naka): Inside the room.\n\n * **テーブルの上** (te-buru no ue): On the table.\n\nBut then I listened to a conversation that contains a sentence which I believe\nis written like this:\n\n * **あの 信号 をひだりへ 曲がってください** (ano shingou o hidari e magatte kudasai): Please turn at that signal\n\nIn this case を is being used instead of の.\n\nIs it just a mistake in the above sentence or did I not hear it right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T04:49:35.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77884",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T05:19:02.833",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T05:19:02.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "38848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Usage of の vs を for the direction of a place",
"view_count": 656
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ［あの信号を］［ひだりへ］曲がってください。\n\nあの信号を continues to 曲がってください, not to ひだりへ. (I mean, it's not 「あの信号の/をひだり」.)\nあの信号を and ひだりへ both modify verb 曲がる.\n\n> あの信号 **を** 曲がる make a turn at that signal \n> あの信号 **を** ひだりへ曲がる _lit._ make a turn to the left at that signal → turn\n> left at that signal\n\n曲がる is an intransitive verb. Noun+を used with intransitive motion verbs, such\nas 歩く, 行く, 出る, 飛ぶ, 進む etc., can indicate the place of an action, the direction\nof a movement, or the point of departure, etc.\n\nFor more on this を, you could refer to:\n\n * [Explain how 向{む}く \"to face\" can take \"上{うえ}\" as a direct object using を?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15221/9831)\n * [Making sense of transitive usage of 行く and 来る - 「を行く」 and 「を来る」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3243/9831)\n * [この道をまっすぐ行ってください。 Why を and not で?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6869/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T05:45:50.313",
"id": "77885",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T06:06:30.950",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-08T06:06:30.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "77884",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Mainly の is used for the possessiveness. Exact meaning in english is \"of\" or\n\"belongs to\".\n\nIn the case of を it's a object marking particle.\n\nFor the direction purposes, normally に へ で are used respectively. Other\nparticles are very rarely used.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T18:37:45.290",
"id": "77893",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T18:37:45.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38802",
"parent_id": "77884",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77884
|
77885
|
77885
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77887",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've learned that if you're translating a name into Japanese you have to\ntranslate it by the sound. I want to translate the name \"Tymoteusz\". I think\nthe name itself is Greek but the writing is Polish, however it's not Japanese\nso I need katakana. I started translating.\n\nThe first sound is a \"t\" and then \"y\" (you read the \"y\" in polish\n[⟨ɘ⟩](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel)).\nThere is no sound in Japanese that sounds like this so I used チ.\n\nThen the next sounds are pretty easy. First just a モ. Then テ. And then ウ.\n\nSo I got チモテウ. Now I need the last sound. You read \"sz\" like a English \"sh\"\n([⟨ʃ⟩](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative#Voiceless_palato-\nalveolar_fricative)). I've heard Japanese People using this soind, but I have\nno Idea how to write it. Can someone help me?\n\nHow to write\n[⟨ʃ⟩](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative#Voiceless_palato-\nalveolar_fricative) in Japanese? And is my translation correct (all sounds\nwithout IPA sound like the Japanese ones)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T08:56:58.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77886",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T09:11:57.010",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-08T09:02:42.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "39292",
"owner_user_id": "39292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"names"
],
"title": "How to write the English \"sh\" ⟨ʃ⟩ in Japanese?",
"view_count": 743
}
|
[
{
"body": "In general, the lone-standing [ʃ] tends to be represented, as it is the case\nwith most of the consonants, with the U vowel: thus, I'd expect it to be\nrendered as シュ.\n\nLuckily, we can check that: by putting \"Tymoteusz\" into the Japanese Wikipedia\nsearch, we can learn whether there are precedents and how famous people with\nthat name are rendered. On\n[this](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9)\npage, for example, I find it written as 「ティモテウシュ」, as expected.\n\nBy the way, while it is true that native (and Sino-Japanese) words do not\ncontain a separate from チ, most Japanese have no problem with pronouncing it,\nand there is a standardized way of writing it: ティ. (Of course, the vowel is\nnot an exact match, but it is specifically rendered to Japanese as [i]: [like\nhere](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%83%AF%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%952%E4%B8%96_\\(%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B\\)).)\n\nSo, ティモテウシュ is the answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T09:11:57.010",
"id": "77887",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T09:11:57.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "77886",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77886
|
77887
|
77887
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77890",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was browsing through a vocabulary list when I noticed that both words can\nmean \"to pinpoint\" as in\n\n> 彼らは今日の火事の原因を特定しようとしている。\n\nAre they interchangeable in this context? Are there cases when one is better\nused than the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T10:56:22.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77888",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T14:04:11.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 特定する and 指摘する",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think 指摘する is not appropriate in this sentence. The reason is :\n\n * 指摘する usually means \"point out\" which is already remarkable. If you point out my spelling mistake, it is already obvious to you.\n * 特定する usually means \"make it clear something unknown\" or \"specify something ambiguous\" So, this verb is more appropriate to describe \"they are trying to specify the cause of today's fire\" since it is still unclear.\n\nI hope 指摘する has this kind of explanation in your word list.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T14:04:11.093",
"id": "77890",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-08T14:04:11.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "77888",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77888
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77890
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77890
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77899",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hi i was trying to find the meaning of つかなく used in this sentence this is from\noregairu ep 11 of the 1st season they are talking about how the line towards\nthe theatre is getting out of hand\n\nあのままだと収拾つかなく なるんじゃねえのか\n\nbut since it has more than one meanings i can't seem to decide and also is it\npossible for verbs ending in ない be conjugated like an i adjective? because i\nparsed the word as つかない+く conjugation to make it an adverb =つかなく",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T13:34:08.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77889",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T03:40:02.170",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-08T13:39:47.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "38996",
"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"conjugations",
"sentence"
],
"title": "meaning of つかなく and can word ending in ない be conjugated as i adjectives?",
"view_count": 85
}
|
[
{
"body": "収拾 by itself means \"settling\" or \"order\", but you have to remember 収拾がつく as a\nset phrase meaning \"to go under control\". Verbs like つく, とる, かける each have\ndozens of meanings, and you have to learn their usages by examples.\n\n[`ku-form + なる` is a common pattern](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B-naru-meaning/), but here it is used with ない, which\nconjugates like an i-adjective.\n\n * 収拾がつく: to go under control\n * 収拾がつかない: not to go under control\n * 収拾がつかなくなる: to become not to go under control → to go out of control",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T03:40:02.170",
"id": "77899",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T03:40:02.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77889",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77889
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77899
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77899
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77900",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have read [that great\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/35950/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-after-\nsome-verbs/35951#35951) about i-adjectives being predicates. How does it\nreflect in questions?\n\nSay, I have a dialogue:\n\n> — Is your city a beautiful one?\n>\n> — Yes, it is.\n>\n> **— Is it big?**\n>\n> — Yes, it is.\n\nAs I imagine, a conversation would be something like:\n\n> —あなたの町はきれいですか。\n>\n> —はい、そうです。\n>\n> **—あなたの町は大きいですか。**\n>\n> —はい、そうです。\n\nIs it possible to change the third phrase to something shorter, like 大きいですか or\neven 大きいか? Would this still be polite?\n\nWhat would a similar short question look like with the na-adjective きれい?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-08T20:57:30.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77894",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T04:18:23.687",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-08T21:11:49.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "38861",
"owner_user_id": "38861",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"questions",
"i-adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "What is the proper form of a short question with an i-adjective vs. a na-adjective?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "The two people already know what they are talking about, so they can safely\nomit the subject and say \"大きいですか?\" or \"綺麗ですか?\". But that's all you can do\nsafely.\n\n\"大きいか?\" is a grammatical question, but it always sounds very blunt and\nunfriendly. This sounds almost like you are a stubborn dwarf blacksmith living\nalone in a cave. It's inappropriate not only in polite speech but also in\nordinary informal conversations.\n\nOn the other hand, the dictionary form \"大きい?\" could mean \"(Is it / Did you\nsay) big?\" on its own. This is common, but sounds fairly informal. In your\nexample conversation, there is no good reason to omit ですか in the second\nquestion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T04:18:23.687",
"id": "77900",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T04:18:23.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77894",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77894
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77900
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77900
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77898",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If they are the same syntactically, why is it right to say 食べている but not 食べいる?\nWhy is it right to say 食べ続ける, but not 食べて続ける? Forgive my ignorance on this\ntopic.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T01:49:18.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77896",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T03:29:38.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38556",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 連用形 'て-form' and the い-stem?",
"view_count": 482
}
|
[
{
"body": "The te-form and the masu-stem (aka i-form) are **not** the same syntactically.\nThere are [cases where they seem\ninterchangeable](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23789/5010), but in most\ncases, they are simply different. For example, only the masu-stem can [work as\na noun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010). You must use the te-\nform before a subsidiary verb (eg 飛んでくる, 歩いてみる), and you must use the masu-\nstem in a compound verb (eg 飛び出す, 歩き始める).\n\nIn English, gerunds and infinitives sometimes seem interchangeable. \"I like to\nplay tennis\" and \"I like playing tennis\" have the same meaning. But you can\nsay \"I want to play tennis\" but not \"I want playing tennis\". It's simply\nbecause gerunds and infinitives are syntactically different.\n\nWhen joining two clauses, 連用形 sounds [more formal and\nliterary](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/70324/5010). For other uses of\n連用形, please see: [Do I have a good grasp on the basics of what the\ncontinuative form is?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65936/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T03:13:37.497",
"id": "77898",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T03:29:38.947",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T03:29:38.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77896",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77896
|
77898
|
77898
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77911",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reviewing my Anki cards and it said that 減少 and 増加 are antonyms. Now,\nfor extra practice, I try to give at least one kunyomi reading to each kanji.\nThen it occured to me that ふえる and へる sounded similar. This question may sound\ncrazy and naive, but could they be etymologically related, considering that\nsome words spelled with え now used to be spelled with へ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T03:01:19.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77897",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T19:47:39.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"false-etymology"
],
"title": "Do ふえる and へる have a common etymology?",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese, phonetic equivalence is generally a very poor predictor of common\netymology. Japanese is well known as having a preponderance of homophones,\nmostly due to the accretion of possible readings for each kanji which has\ndeveloped over the centuries. But even among wago (和語), verbs ending in 'eru'\nare extremely common. Still, it is always worth researching individual cases.\n\nA search of the words on Daijirin doesn't reveal evidence of a common\netymology, at least from the definitions\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A2%97%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E6%AE%96%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-371400)\nand [here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B8%9B%E3%82%8B-625738). I also checked\nKojien (広辞苑第六版) - it lists 減る as appearing in the '[Genpei\nSesuiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genpei_J%C5%8Dsuiki)', an extended\nversion of the [Heike\nMonogatari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Heike)\n(approximately 12th century). According to Daijirin, 減る also appears in the\n[Koyo Gunkan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_Gunkan) (17th\ncentury), so presumably, the word was in regular use during the interim\nperiod. I couldn't find any contemporaneous examples of 増える, checking in the\nsame Kojien edition and Shinmeikai (新明解国語辞典 第五版). That doesn't mean it wasn't\nin regular use, of course. But without solid examples of usage that provide\ncontext for the words, I can't find any evidence to support your hypothesis of\na common etymology.\n\nNonetheless, it's an interesting hypothesis in light of the phonetic changes\nyou mention. However, I think we need more details on how those specific words\nmight have undergone change before we draw any solid conclusions about their\nderivations.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T09:37:35.550",
"id": "77911",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T09:44:06.657",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T09:44:06.657",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "My main reference is the 日本国語大辞典【にほんこくごだいじてん】 (NKD). This is one of the better\nmonolingual Japanese dictionaries for providing historical details and\netymologies.\n\n### About ふえる\n\n[Their entry for\nふえる](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%AE%96%E3%83%BB%E5%A2%97-2079199#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8)\nshows that this comes from older form ふゆ, appearing some time in the middle of\nthe [Muromachi period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muromachi_period)\n(1336–1573). The verb root is _fuy-_.\n\nDigging [further](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%86-650032), we find that\nthis ～ゆ ending might derive from the Old Japanese auxiliary or verb ending\nthat indicates spontaneous action that happens on its own, as well as\npotential and passive senses. This underlying meaning of \"happens on its own\"\nagrees with the fact that this verb is intransitive.\n\n * We can find a hint about the lurking \"y\" in the verb ふえる from its transitive counterpart ふやす. This ふやす can also be analyzed as the causative form of ふゆ: verb root _fuy-_ + linking vowel _-a-_ + causative / transitive ending _-su_.\n\nThe ～ゆ suffix had the so-called 下二段活用【しもにだんかつよう】 or \"lower-bigrade\nconjugation\" pattern, where the conjugation forms ended in either _-u_ or\n_-e_. This commonly shifted from ～ゆ to ～える as time passed, and this is the\nsame ～ゆ that we also see in classical 見【み】ゆ and 聞【き】こゆ, modern 見【み】える and\n聞【き】こえる.\n\nThe core meaning of this verb has consistently been \"to increase\".\n\n### About へる\n\nMeanwhile, [the NKD entry for\nへる](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B8%9B%E3%83%BB%E8%80%97-2081413) shows that\nthis has pretty much always had the form へる, since it was first documented in\n1170. The verb root is _her-_ , or in older stages of Japanese, _fer-_.\n\n_(See also[this other\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/82475/why-does-fu-changes-\nto-pu-while-its-not-started-with-h/82477#82477) about the historical sound\nshifts for the はひふへほ kana.)_\n\nThe core meaning of this verb has consistently been \"to decrease\".\n\n### Comparing\n\n * The phonology (sound) suggests independent roots: _fuy-_ and _fer-_ are quite distinct, and there are no explainable sound shifts that could apply to suggest that these come from some shared origin.\n * The semantics (meanings) also suggest independent roots. While opposites sometimes have shared origins (consider English pairs like positive _terrific_ and negative _terrible_ , or _awesome_ and _awful_ ), we can usually trace the development of such meaning pairs. For _fuy-_ and _fer-_ , the two have always had opposite meanings, for as long as the terms have been used in written Japanese.\n\n**Conclusion:** While it is possible that these two terms are cognates that\nshare a common ancestor root, and the sense and sound developments have simply\nbeen lost to history, in consideration of the known development of both words,\nit appears unlikely that these terms are related.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-08-02T19:47:39.920",
"id": "95657",
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}
] |
77897
|
77911
|
77911
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77902",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Class is from 6 to 8 pm.\n\n授業は午後六時から午後八時までです\n\n授業は午後六時から八時までです\n\nHow should this be expressed ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T04:38:02.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77901",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T05:20:17.420",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T05:01:47.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Should I say 午後 once, twice or something else?",
"view_count": 546
}
|
[
{
"body": "Saying 午後 twice is not wrong at all, but 授業は午後6時から8時までです is enough.\n\nIf you want to say the class lasts until the next morning, you can add 午前, 朝\nor 翌【よく】 (=\"on the next day\"). e.g., \"授業は午後6時から翌8時までです\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T05:01:30.047",
"id": "77902",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T05:01:30.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77901",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "To further avoid confusion, you can just use 24H time. It is quite common in\nJapan.\n\n> * 授業は18時から20時までです\n>\n\nI've also seen izakaya/karaoke places/other nighttime entertainment\nestablishments that go _past_ 24 to indicate how late they are open.\n\n> (居酒屋) 閉店：26時",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T05:20:17.420",
"id": "77903",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T05:20:17.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "77901",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77901
|
77902
|
77902
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've heard that を is sometimes used instead of が nowadays. Although it is\nstrictly incorrect it is becoming more common. Is this true ?\n\nFor example:\n\nお茶を好きです\n\n車を欲しいです",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T06:58:54.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77907",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T00:51:35.220",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T17:45:33.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "29665",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Can を be use instead of が?",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "This article by 東山篤規 is exactly about this topic: [助詞「が」と「を」の置換性について\n─文例と世代の比較─](http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/599/599pdf/higasiya.pdf)\nThe following table illustrates を is preferred by younger generations in some\ncontexts. The dagger (†/‡) in the rightmost column indicates a statistically\nsignificant difference between the two generations.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lnwba.png)\n\nRoughly speaking, younger people tend to prefer を with できる, 欲しい, ～たい, ～(ら)れる\nand so on, especially in relatively complex sentences. I personally feel\n私は車を欲しいです is a little unnatural (私は車が欲しいです sounds much better), but 車を欲しい人を探す\nand 車を欲しくなる映画 somehow sounds fine.\n\nAlthough not included in this table, I think the same tendency is found also\nwith 好き, 嫌い, etc. Still, a simple sentence like お茶を好きです is considered wrong\nregardless of the generation.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Usage of ～を好き outside of embedded clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010)\n * [The difference between が and を with the potential form of a verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T00:43:30.373",
"id": "77926",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T00:51:35.220",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-10T00:51:35.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77907",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77907
| null |
77926
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77909",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering why **自分たち** is used instead of, let's say **トールたち** or\nanother personal pronoun to refer to Tohru and Co.\n\nfor context: Tohru and Co just finished performing a stage play. They managed\nit pull it off without help and Kobayashi is praising her.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6or64.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T07:01:24.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77908",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T08:07:45.430",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T07:23:20.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "39118",
"owner_user_id": "39118",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"pronouns",
"second-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Why is 自分たち used here?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "自分たちだけで is used with the meaning of \"all by yourselves\".\n\n自分で is often used in situations where you would use a reflexive pronoun in\nEnglish, for example\n\n> **自分で** できた \n> I managed (to do it) **by myself** / She managed (to do it) **by herself**\n> / etc.\n\nwhere the translation of course depends on the context.\n\nIn 自分たちだけで\n\n * たち is added to make it plural (ourselves, yourselves, themselves) and\n * だけ \"only\" to emphasize that whatever they did, they did without any external help — in English 自分 **だけ** で could be translated as \" **all** by myself/herself/...\" for emphasis.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T07:18:10.800",
"id": "77909",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T08:07:45.430",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T08:07:45.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "77908",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77908
|
77909
|
77909
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77914",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently going through the Tobira book and at chapter 4 (読み物 section)\nthere is this sentence:\n\n(The context is an interview to a Japanese baseball player currently playing\nin USA)\n\n> ...バッターが三振をした後に自分のバットを折ってしまったり、ピッチャーが打たれた後にグローブをロッカー投げたりするのを見ると驚く、\n> **それを作ってくれた人達** のことを考えたら、僕にはそんなことは絶対に出来ないと言っている。\n\nI understand that it says “the people who made it”, but what would be “it”? Is\nhe talking about the people who made the equipment that is being damaged or\nthe people who made it possible for them to play?\n\nAlso, the 打たれた part refers to the ball being hit and not the pitcher, right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T08:50:25.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77910",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T01:26:27.850",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-10T01:26:27.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "39027",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"作ってくれた人達\" in this sentence",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, it refers to the people who made the equipment; the point is he can't\ndisrespect the equipment when he thinks about the people who made it.\n\nピッチャーが打たれた means, in this case, that the pitcher \"had his pitch hit\" (in other\nwords, the batter was able to hit it and he's annoyed; that's why he's\nthrowing the glove). Often the passive in Japanese carries a negative\nsentiment and this is an example.\n\nTo give a complete translation: \"What I'm saying is, when I see a batter\nstrike out and break his bat, or a pitcher have his pitch hit and throw his\nglove, or whatever, I'm surprised. When I think about the people who made the\nequipment, I could never do that.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T15:16:32.857",
"id": "77914",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T15:30:44.750",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T15:30:44.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "5379",
"owner_user_id": "5379",
"parent_id": "77910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77910
|
77914
|
77914
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77925",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was going through my word list again, when I saw 声明 which was translated to\n\"declaration, proclamation.\" This reminded me of a more commonly appearing\nword, 宣言, thanks to articles related to 緊急事態. I looked up the difference\nbetween the two [here](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/1231394.html) and it\nappears that it has something to do with the reach/scope/coverage and the\nobjective of the declaration:\n\n> * 「声明」はかなり広い範囲の人に向かって事情を明らかにするためのものであり、\n> * 「宣言」は狭い範囲でもよいが、意思・方針などを明らかにするものである。\n>\n\nSince the 緊急事態 was implemented throughout the entire Japan (かなり広い範囲）, and 事態\nis somehow synonymous with 事情, shouldn't 声明 be a more sensible choice? Or am I\nmissing something (e.g., 声明 is a bit outdated)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T11:22:30.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77912",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T17:32:14.450",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T15:44:25.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 声明 and 宣言?",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "声明 always requires some media (usually mass media, at least a blog or SNS). It\nis for formally and publicly expressing an organization's expert opinion,\nobjection, policy, standpoint or explanation regarding a specific issue. It's\nbasically like \"We want everyone to know that we think this way\", and it is\nusually not legally binding. A typical 声明 is like\n[this](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200531/k10012452161000.html),\n[this](https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200519/k00/00m/040/089000c) or\n[this](https://twitter.com/NBCNightlyNews/status/916004626113032192).\n\nOn the other hand, 宣言 can be big or small. A small 宣言 can happen within a\nfamily (e.g., 夫は私に明日からダイエットをすると宣言した). A 宣言 is more like \"We will do this\" or\n\"We did this\", and it works like a promise or an order. A big 宣言 issued by a\ngovernment (e.g., 緊急事態宣言) can have a legal force just like other government\norders.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T00:26:25.170",
"id": "77925",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T01:21:18.197",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-10T01:21:18.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77912",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Here is the kanji meanings in Chinese， I hope it helps\n\n声： voice 明： clear\n\n宣：declare， this kanji is a pictogram of a king's palace\n\n言：speech\n\n声明 means you want to explain or tell something to others\n\n宣言：very formal，carefully worded，sometimes it is an order from goverment",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T17:32:14.450",
"id": "77937",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T17:32:14.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11951",
"parent_id": "77912",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77912
|
77925
|
77925
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77916",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering what the meaning of 通じづらい is, and how it was conjugated.\n\nI know づらい means \"difficult\" or \"hard to\" but I can't find the exact meaning\nof 通じ.\n\nHere is the sentence. The context is that they are talking about how a person\ndidn't use their phone. Someone remarks:\n\n> 携帯あんだろ？ 通じづらいんだよ。\n\nPlease explain how this was conjugated.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T13:33:45.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77913",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T17:47:36.533",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T17:44:09.820",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"etymology",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 通じづらい, and how was it conjugated?",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are a few different elements, so I'll try to break them down for you.\n\nThe first sentence\n\n> 携帯あんだろ ？\n\nis a very casual/colloquial way of saying\n\n> 携帯（が）あるんだろう？\n\nIn other words, they are asking (semi-rhetorically) whether they have their\nphone.\n\nAs for their second sentence, 通じる is a verb which can mean 'communicate' or\n'get through' (amongst others), which suits this context well.\n\nづらい (as you note) is a suffix that means \"hard to\" or \"difficult to\". It is\nappended to the \"base\" of the verb (more formally, the 連用形 of the verb); for\n通じる, the 連用形 is 通じ. So, here, you get a meaning of 'hard to communicate' or\n'hard to get through'.\n\nThe んだ is adding emphasis (see [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5398/what-is-the-meaning-\nof-%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0-etc)), and\nthe よ is further strengthening the statement by making it exclamatory.\n\nFrom what you've said as context, therefore, it sounds like the character\nspeaking is a bit irritated that they weren't able to get through to the other\nperson before, and is scolding them a bit. I'd translate both sentences into\nnatural English as something like:\n\n> You have your mobile phone, don't you? You're so hard to get hold of.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T17:23:10.237",
"id": "77916",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T17:47:36.533",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T17:47:36.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "77913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77913
|
77916
|
77916
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77920",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "```\n\n 切手を買ったり荷物を送ったりする時に行く所です\n \n```\n\nIt seems that the verb before 時 is in the dictionary form. 送ったり is already a\nverb. Does that mean we always need する if we change the form of the verb?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T16:17:18.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77915",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T18:48:04.147",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T18:48:04.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "11951",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why do we need する in 送ったりする時",
"view_count": 80
}
|
[
{
"body": "Not quite sure what you are asking here, but this is a very standard sentence\nstructure.\n\n> Verb phrase X in past tense + り + another verb phrase Y in past tense + り +\n> ... + する \n> Do things like X and Y\n\nThe する is part of this fixed grammar pattern. It is the **do** part of \"do\nthings like...\". It is not generally applicable to any other verb\nmanipulations. You can conjugate this する according to your needs, so it would\nbecome した if you wanted to day \" **did** things like ...\".\n\nNot sure what you meant by \"送ったり is already a verb\". It is the verb 送る\n(dictionary form) conjugated to the past tense (送った) with り added on to make\nthe たり form.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T18:47:15.440",
"id": "77920",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T18:47:15.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "77915",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77915
|
77920
|
77920
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77919",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Right now I'm wondering if きれい (kirei, clean) is related to きたない (kitanai,\ndirty) because I just learned that \"nai\" can be a negation like \"orenji wo\ntabenai\" meaning I don't eat an orange.\n\nAnd in general, is there a dictionary or tool to list off inflections,\nconjugations, and stems of words? In this case, wiktionary wasn't useful:\n\n<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9A%E3%81%84>\n\n<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%84>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T17:45:52.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77917",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T18:10:59.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"negation",
"inflection"
],
"title": "Is きれい related to きたない? Is there a dictionary of such inflections?",
"view_count": 229
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case you can be quite sure it is not the case, because kirei is a\nSino-Japanese word (it can also be written 綺麗), as indicated by your second\nlink. Chinese morphemes in Japanese do not go through any change. The negation\nof きれい is きれいではない.\n\nAccording [to this\nblog](http://mirmax.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/07/13/135043#:~:text=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%8D%E3%81%9F%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E3%81%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%BA%90,%E3%81%93%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A0%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82&text=%E5%85%88%E3%81%AE%E4%BE%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E9%A3%9F%E6%AC%B2,%E3%80%8C%E3%81%8D%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E3%80%82),\nthe etymology of the word きたない is きた meaning order, and きたなき (なき is a\nclassical Japanese equivalent to ない) being the negation of that (\"there is no\norder\"). I'm not sure how reliable this source is, though, so feel free to\ntake that with a grain of salt.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T18:10:59.747",
"id": "77919",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T18:10:59.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5379",
"parent_id": "77917",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77917
|
77919
|
77919
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77923",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was studying different auxiliaries and I am having a hard time understanding\nthose auxiliaries which have their meanings attached with them.\n\nFollowing the those auxiliaries and questions:\n\n 1. てみる - Its negative form is てみない. We know that it has a meaning \"try\" attached with it e.g. 食べてみる eat (to see what it is like). So for this my question is, when we use the negative form of てみる will the concept of \"to try to see what it is like\" be attached with it as well. E.g. will 食べてみない mean do not eat (to see what it feels like), or something else?\n\n 2. てあげる/てくれる - Its negative form is てあげない/てくれない. We know that, this auxiliary has a meaning showing helpfulness and gratitude, i.e. done something for someone as a favour. E.g. お母さんは私へ食べ物を作ってくれる means mother cooked food for me (I am thankful to her). Now, if we use the negative form てくれない, will it mean, I am thankful/grateful to her that an act was not done. E.g. お母さんは私へってくれない, will this mean I am thankful/grateful to my mom that she did not scold me, or something else?\n\n 3. ておく - Its negative form is ておかない. We know that this auxiliary means Did something in advance or rather prepared in advance for something. E.g. 私は食べておいた, I ate (in advance for something). Now, if we use the negative form ておきなかった, will it mean I did not do this for something in future. E.g. 私は食べてなかった, will this mean I did not eat (in advance, e.g. I will ride a roller-coaster later). or something else?\n\n教えてきださい！",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T17:58:32.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77918",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T23:19:16.700",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T20:45:49.497",
"last_editor_user_id": "36729",
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"grammar",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Concept of Negative Form of Auxiliary Verbs",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "Add \"did not\", \"does not\", etc., and that's it.\n\n * 食べてみる: try eating it\n * 食べてみない: does not to try eating it (rather than \"to try not to eat\")\n * 食べ物を作ってくれる: make food (for me)\n * 食べ物を作ってくれない: does not make food (for me)\n * 食べておく: eat in advance\n * 食べておかない: does not eat in advance\n\nお母さんは私をってくれない means something odd like \"She doesn't scold me (although I want\nto be scolded)\". \"I am thankful to my mom that she did not scold me\" is\nお母さんは私を叱らないでいてくれる. (See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/3228/5010)\nfor ないでいる)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T23:19:16.700",
"id": "77923",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T23:19:16.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77918",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77918
|
77923
|
77923
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Most dictionaries say that 方 is read as ホウ, かた/がた, え.\n\nBut why does it change in [何方]{どなた} and is completely different in [何方]{どちら}?\nAre those some archaic readings or some 'synergetic' words that have nothing\nto do with the reading of its parts?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T22:06:38.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77921",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T22:06:38.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38861",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "How does 方 becomes なた in 何方?",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[] |
77921
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What's the difference between the Kanji _心( **kokoro** )_ and the kanji\ninserted after another kanji like in _乙女心 (otome **gokoro** )_? Why the kanji\nin the first example is read as **kokoro** and in the another exemple is read\nas **gokoro**?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T23:08:11.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77922",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T23:23:23.663",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T23:23:23.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "34337",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"rendaku"
],
"title": "Why こころ is read as ごころ?",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[] |
77922
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77927",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From <https://www.imabi.net/theparticleto.htm>,\n\n> と may mark a subject being compared. As for 似る, ～に似る and ～と似る are possible\n> but slightly different. **と in this case marks one side of a mutual\n> relation(ship) whereas に only shows the standard of comparison.** They both,\n> though, make the second person the basis of comparison when the pattern is\n> XはY｛に・と｝似ている. Consider the following:\n>\n> 31a その父と子は似ている。〇\n>\n> 31b.その子はお父さんと似ている。 〇\n>\n> 31c. その子はお父さんに似ている。 〇\n>\n> 31d. その父は息子と似ている。 〇\n>\n> 31e. その父は息子に似ている。 X\n>\n> The child resembles his father.\n\nI don't understand why 31e is incorrect. It seems like it is wrong only\nbecause of the relationship between 父 and 息子 but wouldn't that also make 31c\nwrong?\n\nTo be honest, I still don't understand the distinction between the two\nparticle uses (bolded sentence in the quoted section). When you compare `X`\nand `Y`, doesn't `Y` naturally become a \"standard of comparison\"\"? Does に also\nwork with asymmetrical relationships? When you say `X` is similar to `Y`,\naren't you also saying that `Y` is like `X`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-09T23:36:57.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77924",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T01:08:17.287",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34345",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-と",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "Confusion between ~に似てる ~と似てる",
"view_count": 1392
}
|
[
{
"body": "Sentence 31e is not wrong at all, but we do say (子が)親に似る much more often than\n(親が)子に似る. This is because we all know inheritance and parents are usually\nconsidered as \"base\" or \"reference\" in the parent-child relationship. However,\nwhen you've met the father of your old friend for the first time, it's\nperfectly natural to say 君のお父さんは君 **に** 似ているね, adopting your friend as the\nreference.\n\nTo take a simpler example, we say この偽札は本物にとても似ている (\"This counterfeit bill\nlooks very much like a genuine one\"), but we do not usually say the opposite,\nこの本物のお金は偽札に似ている.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T01:08:17.287",
"id": "77927",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T01:08:17.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77924",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
77924
|
77927
|
77927
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77931",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw an ask on this but it was too confusing for me to understand ^^;;\n\nWhile I did do some research on the terms, I want to ask, is there no parental\nrelations attached to them at all? Like maybe 伯母 refers to an aunt from the\nfather's side 叔母 an aunt from the mother's side? Could this term also be used\nfor a middle-aged neighbor?\n\nI'm having troubles translating it into English into a sentence. The context I\ngot this from would be \"伯母が様子を見に来ては世話をしてくれていた\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T02:58:37.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77928",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T04:53:31.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"kinship-terms"
],
"title": "Difference between 伯母 and 叔母 and how to translate them into English",
"view_count": 344
}
|
[
{
"body": "伯母 : the father's or mother's elder sister\n\n叔母 : the father's or mother's younger sister\n\nIn Japanese, the title for the father's side and mother's side are the same.\nAs a comparison, in ancient China, female people don't have place in society,\nwhen they get married, they are not treated as their family members. 伯母 叔母 is\nalways father's side title, mother side is 舅父 舅母 in Chinese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T04:53:31.943",
"id": "77931",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T04:53:31.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11951",
"parent_id": "77928",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77928
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77931
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77932",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here's the full sentence:\n\n’なんぼ **期待されとっても倒れたら** 元も子もないんやから。’\n\nAnd here's where I ended up:\n\n'Because no matter what you say, **even if you have hopes** , you'll lose\neverything **if you burn out**.'\n\nThe context is, this is something the main character's mother (who lives in\nKochi prefecture in the Shikoku region), is saying. I decided that とって could\nbe a contraction of とる (to have) but then I realized that means more like 'to\nhave lunch' or 'to have a nap'. So does this make my translation wrong?\n\nHere's another theory. So I found out that 〜んやから at the end of the sentence is\ncolloquial Kansai-ben which could be characteristic of the Shikoku region with\nit's proximity to Kansai. So I decided to research colloquial contractions. I\nfound that the contraction 〜てあいて changes to といて in Kansai-ben. I thought I saw\nsomewhere on google that といて sometimes is とって. So if that's the case, could\nthe translation be:\n\n'Because whatever the circumstances, **if you're expecting to burn out** ,\nyou'll lose everything.'\n\nLast theory is that it's とっても. I've just never seen とっても inserted mid-\ncontraction like this. If this is grammatical, I suppose the translation could\nbe:\n\n'Because whatever the circumstances, **if you're expecting to really burn\nout** , you'll lose everything.'\n\nThanks for taking the time.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T04:44:44.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77930",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T06:51:22.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-10T06:51:22.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "39313",
"owner_user_id": "39313",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"passive-voice",
"dialects",
"contractions",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "How would I translate ’期待されとっても倒れたら’ in this sentence",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 期待されとる is short of 期待されておる (see [this\nchart](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010)), and in this context\n[おる is the same as いる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26091/5010) for\nprogressive aspect. なんぼ is the equivalent of いくら in Kansai/Shikoku dialect. や\nis widely used instead of だ in western Japan.\n\nなんぼ期待されとっても、倒れたら元も子もないんやから。 \n= いくら期待されていても、倒れたら元も子もないんだから。 \n= No matter how much you are expected (No matter how much they expect on you),\nif you fall down, you'll lose everything.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T06:45:24.213",
"id": "77932",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T06:45:24.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77930
|
77932
|
77932
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1.「精霊の力を封印できる **だなんて**\n規格外の能力、持っているのはこの世にあなた一人だけよ。ーーそのあなたが嫌だと言うのだもの。もうどうしようもないじゃない」\n\n2.「む……そうか。そうだな。シドーから鳶一折紙の匂いがする **だなんて**\n、私はどうしてしまったのだろか。シドーがあの女をおぶったりでもしない限り、匂いが付く **だなんて** ありえないというのに」\n\nHi. I’m reading a novel and I’ve come across these two examples. I’m\ninterested in the bold parts. Are the bold parts used to bring up something\nunexpected or surprising? If so, can we omit だ and just say なんて in those\nexamples?\n\nBut according to this [link](http://maggiesensei.com/2010/04/08/requested-\nlesson-%E3%80%8C%E3%82%82%E3%82%93%E3%81%8B%E3%80%8D%E3%80%8C%E3%82%82%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%80%8D%E3%80%8C%E3%81%A0%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A6%E3%80%8Dmonkamondadanante/),\nthere is such a rule as follows:\n\n> (2) To bring up something unexpected or to re-quote what you have found out\n> with surprise.\n>\n> Although there is a slight nuance difference, なんて ( = nante) and だなんて ( =\n> danante) are exchangeable in many cases.（Usually we use だなんて ( = danante)\n> when we quote what someone has said and we use なんて ( = nanate) to refer just\n> the fact you have found out. )\n\nIn my examples, according to the context, だなんてs aren’t quoting what someone\nsaid but just refer to an expected or surprising fact. So does it mean this\nrule is invalid and we don’t need to obey it? Or the examples are just the\nexceptions to the rule? I’m confused by the difference between だなんて and なんて.\nPlease shed some light on it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T07:47:35.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77933",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T19:22:28.187",
"last_edit_date": "2021-04-20T19:22:28.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Is there really any difference between だなんて and なんて?",
"view_count": 1347
}
|
[
{
"body": "This type of だ has been asked several times:\n\n * [~たいだとか why is there a だ here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60014/5010)\n * [Is 「３人いるだと」 grammatical?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5693/5010)\n * [Usage (correctness) of だと after verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15057/5010)\n\nだ in your examples are optional, but I feel they are still \"quotative\" in that\nthey are used to repeat (often with a negative/dubious overtone) something\nthat has been already brought up in the context. (That is, they have been at\nleast thinking or talking about sealing the power of spirits or the smell of a\nwoman.) This does not mean the clause before だ has to be exactly the same as\nwhat someone said.\n\n**EDIT:** Still, there may be cases where だなんて is used for something that is\nmentioned for the first time (eg ラーメンがこんなに美味しいだなんて知りませんでした!). And the\nborderline of \"quotative\" and \"non-quotative\" is admittedly somewhat blurry in\nyour examples... Maggie sensei says なんて and だなんて are _usually_ interchangeable\nand だなんて is _usually_ used for quoting, and I think that is true.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T08:53:15.757",
"id": "77934",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T09:39:22.960",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-10T09:39:22.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
77933
|
77934
|
77934
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It says that higashi is translated as \"East\" , and touyou is translated as\n\"the East\". But since I can only find books with Japanese - English and I'm\nnot native English speaker, I still don't understand.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T10:20:08.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77935",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T11:49:12.900",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-10T11:49:12.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "39315",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the difference between higashi (ひがし) and touyou (とうよう)?",
"view_count": 500
}
|
[
{
"body": "[東]{ひがし} (Higashi) is a general term for the direction east. It is also used\nto refer to the eastern part of countries/areas, for example in:\n\n * [東日本]{ひがしにほん} (Higashi-Nihon) eastern Japan, a term often heard in weather forecasts\n * the country of East Timor: [東]{ひがし}ティモール.\n\n[東洋]{とうよう} (Tōyō) refers to 'the East' as a part of the world / the eastern\npart of Eurasia. According to\n[Daijirin](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B4%8B) this usually\nmeans countries like Japan, Korea, China, India, Thailand etc. This is opposed\nto 'the West' ([西洋]{せいよう}), which means Europe and America.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T11:06:01.277",
"id": "77936",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T11:06:01.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8085",
"parent_id": "77935",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
77935
| null |
77936
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77939",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the first episode of the Zatoichi series there is a scarecrow whose face is\ndrawn using various hiragana.\n\nWhen I seen it it occurred to me that I've seen that done somewhere else\nbefore.\n\nIs there a story behind this hiragana face ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T18:30:17.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77938",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T23:50:20.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"culture"
],
"title": "Is there a story behind drawing a face with の as eyes, も as a nose and へ as a mouth?",
"view_count": 1229
}
|
[
{
"body": "It sounds like you are referring to Henohenomoheji (へのへのもへじ). It is sometimes\nused on Japanese scarecrows (かかし) and teru teru bōzu (てるてる坊主) dolls. The name\nrefers to the Hiragana characters used to create the face.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WeICh.png)\n\nAccording to the [Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%81%B8%E3%81%98)\narticle, the exact origins are unknown, although it has apparently not been\nseen earlier than the Edo period.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T19:26:55.263",
"id": "77939",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T23:50:20.763",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-10T23:50:20.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"parent_id": "77938",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
77938
|
77939
|
77939
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For context, it's a nakiri made by artist 藤原兼房. The blade is a 50/50 grind, so\nit's not left or right handed.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lJpVL.png)\n\nI can read every character except the third one down on the left.\n\nReading from the right:\n\n> 日本鋼鍛錬 高級◯料理庖丁 \n> にほんこうたんれん こうきゅう◯りょうりほうちょう \n> Japanese forged steel high quality ?? kitchen knife.\n\nThe best I could figure was it was 乃 or 右 but drawn weird. All the others look\nok although the 高 looks like it's drawn in the old style. So maybe it's an\narchaic character.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T22:37:51.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77940",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T07:48:16.527",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T07:48:16.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "39321",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"handwriting",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "Help me identify this kanji on my knife box",
"view_count": 431
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's 御 (generic honorable prefix) written in cursive style.\n\nSee picture here: <http://www.fan.hi-ho.ne.jp/chikusui/newpage18.htm>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-10T23:14:47.157",
"id": "77941",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-10T23:14:47.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77940",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
77940
| null |
77941
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77943",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I encountered 配慮 in my word list. Understanding how 慮 contributes to its\nmeaning (which is \"consideration\") is not very difficult to grasp considering\nthat 遠慮 occurs commonly in daily life. But when I try to associate 配 with 配る\nand 心配 (and adding 配慮 to the mix), I feel that this kanji does not seem to\nhave a \"unifying meaning\" associated to it, unlike 木 (although, it might be an\nunfair comparison because it's a 象形文字). I understand that it's hopeless trying\nto unify meanings associated to certain kanjis like 占める and 占う. But what about\n配？",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T03:16:59.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77942",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T05:44:40.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the semantic contribution of 配 in 配慮? Or in general, what is 配 really?",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "配 is commonly encapsulated in English with \"distribute\", but you might also\ncapture much of it with the word \" **allot** \", in the sense of allotting each\nits due. So 配慮 would give you \"allotting-consideration\", or more\nidiomatically, \"paying consideration\".\n\nSource: Comparing all the kanji compounds for 配 in the スーパー大辞林.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T05:44:40.807",
"id": "77943",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T05:44:40.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39163",
"parent_id": "77942",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77942
|
77943
|
77943
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77946",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My English-native brain is struggling to understand why 一番 is used with たくさん\nand 多い in sentences like these:\n\n 1. 彼が一番たくさんのお金を持っている。\n 2. 彼女が一番多いの食べ物を持っている。\n\nI'm probably thinking about it wrong, but the first one reads to me like, \"He\nhas the most of a lot of money,\" and the second, \"She has the most of a lot of\nfood.\" In English, using two quantifiers (\"most\" and \"a lot\") to describe\nsomething this way seems very unnatural. Why wouldn't you just\nsay「一番のお金」or「一番の食べ物」? Do you always need an auxiliary quantifier when using 一番\nas a superlative?\n\nI consulted this [Japanese language English lesson](https://ameblo.jp/english-\nteacher-yohei/entry-12370337453.html) that explains to Japanese speakers how\nto say things like this in English, but my Japanese isn't good enough to know\nif it even really addresses my question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T05:52:55.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77944",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T07:53:49.837",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T07:53:49.837",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27644",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Understanding 一番 when used with たくさん or 多い",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "In English, \"most\" works both as an **adjective** (i.e, a noun modifier) and\nas an **adverb** (i.e., a verb/adjective modifier). Compare the following\nsentences:\n\n 1. He has the most money.\n 2. He is the most honest person.\n 3. He ran the most.\n\nYou can see \"most\" is adjectivally modifying a noun (\"money\") in 1,\nadverbially modifying an adjective (\"honest\") in 2, and adverbially modifying\na verb (\"ate\") in 3.\n\n* * *\n\nHow about 一番? It also works both as a no-adjective and as an adverb. However,\nwhen it works as a no-adjective, it means **\"best\"** rather than \"most\"! When\nit works as an adverb, it works exactly like English \"most\" as an adverb.\n\n 1. 彼が一番の戦士だ。 \nHe is the **best** warrior. \n(一番 is adjectivally modifying the noun 戦士)\n\n 2. 彼が一番正直な人だ。 \nHe is the most honest person. \n(一番 is adverbially modifying the na-adjective 正直な)\n\n 3. 彼が一番走った。 \nHe ran the most. \n(一番 is adverbially modifying the adverb 走った)\n\nLet's see your examples. 一番のお金 means \"best money\" rather than \"most money\",\nand 一番の食べ物 means \"best(-quality) food\" rather than \"most food\" in Japanese. To\nsay \"most (something)\", you have to insert another adjective like たくさん or 多い,\nwhich means \"abundant\". With this, 一番多い食べ物 means \"most (abundant) food\". Note\nthat 一番 is working as an adverb now.\n\nYou can also say 彼が一番お金を持っている without たくさん. In this case, 一番 is an adverb\n(because there is no の), so it directly modifies 持っている.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T07:16:48.237",
"id": "77946",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T07:22:35.000",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T07:22:35.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77944",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
77944
|
77946
|
77946
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw an instagram story where this guy is answering a bunch of questions and\nsomeone asked, \"彼女はいる?\" (do you have a girlfriend?) And he answered, \"います//\"\nand I don't know what that means.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T06:29:51.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77945",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-12T13:26:13.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39323",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What does います mean if used as an answer to a question?",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "いる is the verb \"to exist\" for animate objects (います is the polite form).\n\nある is the verb \"to exist\" for inanimate objects (あります is the polite form).\n\nSo in this case a literal translation would be:\n\n> 彼女はいる?\n>\n> Is there a girlfriend?\n>\n> いる。\n>\n> There is.\n\nある、いる、持つ(to hold) are all also used for \"to have\" in Japanese, depending on\nthe situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T13:26:13.493",
"id": "77964",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-12T13:26:13.493",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "77945",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77945
| null |
77964
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77952",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PecCd.jpg)\n\nHow to translate this ストレスの多い人 **ほど** よく夢を見る ? Could someone give me full\ntranslation of this whole question ?\n\nI currently understand that ほど in this context is used to show an extent but I\ncan't translate and understand it anyway.\n\nI've seen this kind of usage. For example, やらなければならない仕事が山ほどある(I have works too\nmuch and it feels like a mountain), I think I can understand this because\nthere's が indicating what feels like a mountain(works).\n\nBut in the sentence I gave, there's no subject mentioned (I think it's omitted\nbut I don't know what's it) \"ストレスの多い人はストレスの多い人ほど良く夢を見る\" is what I think to be\nthe full sentence but it sounds really weird. Another assumption is\n\"ストレスの多い人になるほど良く夢を見る\"\n\nI don't know if the following picture is relevant or not. But it's reading\ncomprehension that this question according to.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rQ50g.jpg)\n\nThe context starts where the red arrow pointing. I just give full article to\ngive all information I have.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T09:01:47.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77948",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T12:54:53.703",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T09:55:17.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "38446",
"owner_user_id": "38446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"reading-comprehension",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "ほど translation in this sentence",
"view_count": 286
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ほど is \"the more ～ (the more ～)\". It's a variation of the ～ば～ほど\nconstruction.\n\n> ストレスの多い人 **ほど** よく夢を見る。 \n> = ストレスの多い人 **であればあるほど** よく夢を見る。\n>\n> The more one has stress, the more often they dream ( _or_ \"the longer they\n> dream\").\n\nほど following a noun that is associated with a strong \"trait\" (強い人, 天才, 金持ち,\n美人, ...) can work like this.\n\nExamples:\n\n * 金持ちほどお金の大切さを知っている。 \nThe richer you are, the more you know the importance of money.\n\n * 弱い犬ほどよく吠える。 \nBarking dogs seldom bite. (lit. The weaker a dog is, the more it barks.)\n\n * 賢い人ほど謙虚だ。 \nThe wiser a person is, the more humble he is.\n\n * 北に住むクマほど体が大きい。 \nThe further north a bear lives, the bigger its body is.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T12:43:19.523",
"id": "77952",
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}
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77948
|
77952
|
77952
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "77953",
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"body": "I was trying to translate the title of the film called \"Your Lie In April\"\ninto Japanese.\n\nI came to know that 四月は君の嘘 is the official name of \"Your Lie in April\". But I\nwas not able to understand the meaning of the は because I know 四月 means\n\"April\", 君の means \"Your\" and 嘘 means \"Lie\". But I couldn't figure out what は\nmeans in this sentence.\n\nIt would be great if anybody can help me out!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T12:29:01.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T14:10:42.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "38906",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "The meaning of は (wa) in 四月は君の嘘 (\"Your Lie in April\")",
"view_count": 279
}
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[
{
"body": "In the title 『四月は君の嘘』, the 「は」 is the so-called \"topic marker\" in Japanese. It\nis a particle of speech that introduces the \"topic of discourse\", and is a\nfundamental element of Japanese grammar. In this sentence, it basically tells\nthe listener that the context of \"Your Lie\" was \"April\".\n\n「は」 is probably one of the first things you encounter when studying Japanese,\nso I am guessing you are relatively new to the language. It is –\nunfortunately! – not necessarily easy or quick to understand/explain to\nEnglish speakers, as there is no direct equivalent in English. Nevertheless,\nto aid beginners with understanding how it is used, resources often suggest\nyou structurally translate 「は」 to \"As for\" in English. So, structurally, it\nmight help you to understand the sentence as \"As for April, Your Lie\".\n\nI understand this is rather fuzzy in meaning, but this does also reflect the\nfact that the phrase in Japanese would also change its meaning depending on\nthe context; for instance, it could be translated to any of \"Your Lie in\nApril\", \"April is Your Lie\", or \"Your Lie was in April\", amongst others.\n\nOf course, \"As for April, Your Lie\" sounds completely unnatural in English.\n\"Your Lie in April\" is a much more natural and stylish translation. One would\nexpect this translation decision to reflect the creators' intended meaning of\n『四月は君の嘘』 in Japanese, but it's impossible to know for sure!\n\nThere may be a more nuanced explanation/interpretation as to why the Japanese\ncreators used 「は」 over other possible choices in Japanese, but I don't think\nthat's strictly in the scope of your question, so I shan't digress! Hope this\nhelps.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T14:03:30.200",
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77951
|
77953
|
77953
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{
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"body": "I found a sentence earlier containing the word 言いだしづら but I parsed it to 2\nwords and I found I did not know 言いだし so I looked it up and found 言いだす (which\nI know the meaning of), but I also found another site saying 言いだし is the same\nthing basically, but I don't know why there is a し. Is this a different word\nor a conjugation I forgot?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T14:10:16.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T19:50:56.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"etymology",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 言いだし and 言いだす?",
"view_count": 131
}
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[
{
"body": "言いだし is the continuative form (連用形) of 言いだす ([言]{い}い[出]{だ}す).\n\n> Examples: \n> dictionary form - continuative form \n> [言]{い}う - 言 **い** \n> [出]{だ}す - 出 **し** \n> 言いだす - 言いだ **し** \n> する - **し** \n> わかる - わか **り**\n\n「[Continuative form of a verb] + づらい」 means \"hard/difficult to [Verb]\". \nづらい comes from an i-adjective **つ** らい ([辛]{つら}い), \"painful, difficult, tough,\nhard\". The つ gets voiced into づ due to\n[[連濁]{れんだく}](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2526/9831).\n\n> Examples: \n> 言う + つらい → 言 **い** づらい \"hard to say\" \n> 言いだす + つらい → 言いだ **し** づらい \"hard to start talking / hard to speak out\" \n> わかる + つらい → わか **り** づらい \"hard to understand\" \n> 外出する + つらい → 外出 **し** づらい \"hard to go out\"",
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"creation_date": "2020-06-12T01:32:01.637",
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77954
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77960
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{
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"body": "Hi I found a sentence earlier with 嫉妬し蹴落とそうとする and I do not know why し is put\nthere. Anyway, I thought it was the reasoning marker but it does not sound\nlike it from the audio and I don't know what 蹴落とそうとする means. I got a rough\ntranslation meaning 'to kick' but I might be wrong. This sentence was from\noregairu season 1 ep. 1 when someone was basically criticizing the mc.\n\n弱くて醜くて すぐに嫉妬し蹴落とそうとする",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T14:57:15.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77955",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-11T19:48:15.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"etymology",
"conjugations",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Why is there a し in 嫉妬し蹴落とそうとする?",
"view_count": 128
}
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[
{
"body": "> [嫉妬]{しっと}し [蹴落]{けお}とそうとする\n\nThe し in 嫉妬し is the continuative form (連用形) of する. In other words, 嫉妬し is the\ncontinuative form (連用形) of 嫉妬する, \"envy, be jealous\".\n\nThe continuative form of a verb/adjective can function as a conjunction to\nconnect verb/adjectival phrases or sentences. Your sentence can be rephrased\nusing the てform, as in 嫉妬し **て** 蹴落とそうとする, without changing the meaning. For\nmore on this usage of the continuative form, please see:\n\n * [Is there a term for using conjugating verbs such that the sentence continues with another clause?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9771/9831)\n * [Masu stem to connect sentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41133/9831)\n\n蹴落とそう is the volitional form of 蹴落とす, \"kick down\". \"Volitional form + と + する\"\nmeans \"try to do...\". For more on this grammar, please see:\n\n * [Volitional + と + Verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9688/9831)",
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77956
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{
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"body": "I wanted to ask that to a friend that is also studying Japanese about how he\nis doing, and thought maybe asking \"日本語の勉強はどうですか。\" but I have no idea if it is\ncorrect. How do I say \"how is (something) going?\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T19:53:33.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77957",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T22:05:32.110",
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"owner_user_id": "39252",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How to say \"how are your Japanese studies going?\"",
"view_count": 1034
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're right. You can also say 日本語の勉強、どう？ assuming that you're close enough to\nbe casual to each other.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-11T22:05:32.110",
"id": "77958",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-11T22:05:32.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
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77957
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77958
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77958
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"body": "This is found in the novel 空の境界(上), from \"奈須 きのこ\", the whole sentence is:\n\n> 拵えが立派な細い刃物を手にして戯んでいたわたしは、いつのまにか指のあいだを深く切り裂いていました。\n\nWhat does 戯んでいた mean? At first I thought it would be a verb ending in ぶ or む,\nbut it turns out it's not really a verb, I guess it's a noun. I found out that\nfor it to be a verb it should be \"戯れる\", so it's clearly not a \"ている\" form in\nthe past.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T00:31:39.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77959",
"last_activity_date": "2023-04-20T01:05:10.883",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-23T23:25:09.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "39328",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 戯んでいた mean?",
"view_count": 391
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 拵えが立派な細い刃物を手にして戯んでいたわたしは、 いつのまにか指のあいだを深く切り裂いていました。\n\nProbably I would have guesstimated the word 戯{あそ}んでいた is the past progressive\nform of 戯{たわむ}れる at first for reading the full sentence.\n\nUsually 戯{たわむ}れる is more of \"frolic\"(ex. puppies chasing/tickling around) than\n\"play\" : 遊{あそ}ぶ (I mean playing baseball could be very serious as a\nprofession, right?)\n\nSo, the author chose 戯{あそ}んでいる is appropriate to draw the agent seeing the\nbeautiful knife and making sure its performance and they happened to cut their\ninterdigital space deeply.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T10:46:34.520",
"id": "77985",
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77985
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"body": "In Lesson 11 of Genki I, they discuss the は particle in negative sentences:\n\nIn negative sentences, you often find the particle は where you expect が or を.\nObserve the dialogues below: 山下先生はテレビを見ますか。(Do you watch TV, Prof. Yamashita?)\nいいえ、テレビは見ません。(No, I don't.)\n\nFrom what I know about the は particle, isn't this actually incorrect? Because\nthe は particle would be interpreted as contrasting something, so the second\nline would rather mean something like: \"No I don't\" but also implying \"... but\nI may watch other things, like a computer\". Am I wrong? Why can't you just use\nを?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T05:18:23.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77961",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-12T06:19:35.000",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Using は instead of を here, the differences?",
"view_count": 348
}
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[
{
"body": "The particles は and が are a good source of confusion because sometimes it\nseems like they can be used interchangeably at all times. However, this is\ndefinitely not the case. Each particle plays its own role and has its own\nnuances in a sentence, so knowing these different use cases can be very\nhelpful to distinguish between the two.\n\n# The particle 「が」\n\n## Common use cases\n\n### 1. Indicating the subject of a sentence\n\n> 電子{でんし}レンジが壊{こわ}れた。\n>\n> _\" The microwave is broken.\"_\n\nThis is a simple sentence where the subject is the microwave.\n\n### 2. Introducing a contrasting clause or phrase\n\n> 努力{どりょく}したが、失敗{しっぱい}した。\n>\n> _\" I tried my hardest, but I still failed.\"_\n\nHere, the speaker wants to convey that they failed, even though they worked\nhard at it. If they had succeeded, there would be no need to contrast.\n\n### 3. Following up on something\n\n> その件{けん}ですが、本当{ほんとう}ですか。\n>\n> _\" Speaking of that matter, is it true?\"_\n\nHere, a topic was already being discussed so the speaker wants to explicitly\nfollow up on this specific topic.\n\n# The particle 「は」\n\n## Common use cases\n\n### 1. Indicating a difference or distinction\n\n> 高橋{たかはし}部長{ぶちょう}は素敵{すてき}だ。\n>\n> _\" Chief Takahashi is very attractive\"_\n\nHere, the「は」is used to distinguish chief Takahashi from other employees at the\ncompany in terms of attractiveness.\n\nThis is reflected in the professor's answer, where he says he doesn't watch TV\nbut he likely does other things to pass the time.\n\n### 2. Indicating the topic of conversation\n\n> 富士山{ふじさん}はきれいだ。\n>\n> _\" Mount Fuji is beautiful.\"_\n\nHere lies the problem, doesn't it. What if the topic of a conversation happens\nto be the subject of a sentence? Should the speaker use 「は」or「が」? It's rather\ntricky to explain, but it roughly depends on the information that's being\nconveyed. If the speaker talks about something that is shared knowledge\nbetween the speaker and the listener, then「は」will do. If the speaker wants to\nbring new information to the listener's attention, then 「が」is needed.\n\nSo, the example sentence using「は」implies that the speaker and listener already\nboth agree that Mount Fuji is beautiful.「富士山がきれいだ。」implies that the speaker\nthinks Mount Fuji is _particularly_ beautiful, in a way that may not be clear\nto the listener yet.\n\nAnother example that might do this nuance more justice is the following:\n\n> 昔々{むかしむかし}、あるところにおじいさんとおばあさんが住{す}んでいました。\n>\n> _\" Once upon a time, there lived an old man and an old woman.\"_\n>\n> ある日{ひ}、おじいさんは山{やま}へ[芝刈]{しばか}りに、おばあさんは川{かわ}へ洗濯{せんたく}に行{い}きました。\n>\n> _\" One day, the old man went to cut grass in the hills and the old woman\n> went to the river to wash clothes.\"_\n\nThe first sentence uses 「が」because it introduces the old man and woman to the\nlistener. In the following sentence, 「は」is used when talking about the old man\nand woman and their respective activities, because the listener already knows\nthe story is about them. Funny enough, \"an old man/woman\" in the first\nsentence also changes to \"the old man/woman\" in the second sentence in\nEnglish, perhaps these ideas are related but that's just speculation.\n\nThis is reflected in the question asked to professor Yamashita in your\nexample, as he himself (though being the listener) is the topic and subject of\nthe question.\n\n# So what's the deal with「を」?\n\nSimply put, the professor could've said 「テレビを見ません。」and it would've been a\nperfectly fine sentence meaning \"I don't watch TV.\" However, as you also\nsuspected, the explicit「は」hints at the possibility that the professor does\nother things to pass the time.\n\nI'm not familiar with the Genki series so I'm sorry if I used words or\nsentence structures that you've not seen yet. I borrowed them from my sources\nbelow.\n\n* * *\n\nSources: [Particles explanation\n(Japanese)](https://www.kokugobunpou.com/%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E/), [Particles\nguide for writers\n(Japanese)](https://prowriters.jp/grammar/postpositional_particle),\n[Differences between は and が for writers\n(Japanese)](https://prowriters.jp/blog/17)",
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77961
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"body": "On my online dictionary it says 気を使う also means to take into consideration.\nDoes this mean be considerate ? Iv Heard it used in a way that it would mean\nthat but just wanted to confirm? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T09:50:18.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77962",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-12T13:35:44.400",
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"owner_user_id": "38484",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "気を使う meaning and example sentences",
"view_count": 373
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|
[
{
"body": "Although 使う is generally translated as \"use\", a more idiomatic English\ntranslation of つかう in this case would be \"pay\", as in \"pay attention to\" or\n\"pay mind to\".\n\nHere are a couple of example sentences from スーパー大辞林, which actually uses a\ndifferent kanji for つかう in this phrase: 気を遣う.\n\n * 彼はまわりの人に気を遣った = He was attentive to those around him.\n\n * (私のことで)そんなに気を遣わないでください = Don't bother about me so much.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T13:35:44.400",
"id": "77966",
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77962
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77966
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77966
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{
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"body": "I was wondering how 手伝わなあかん was conjugated. I know that it consists of the\nwords 手伝う and あかん but I don't know why the い was dropped. Is it slang?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T12:46:52.547",
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"id": "77963",
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"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "How was 手伝わなあかん conjugated?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "This な is a Kansai-ben contracted version of\n[ねば](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3061/5010), which is an\n(archaic/literary) negative-hypothetical verb ending (≒\"if not\").\n\n> ###\n> [近畿方言#否定](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A)\n>\n> 仮定形は「ね」であるが、後続の助詞「ば」と融合して「な」や「ん」となる（例：行かねばあかん→行かなあかん、行かねばならん→行かなならん・行かんならん）。\n\n * **手伝う** : to help/assist\n * **手伝わぬ** : not to help (archaic negative form)\n * **手伝わねば** : if not help (archaic negative-hypothetical form)\n * **手伝わな** : if not help (Kansai-ben contraction of 手伝わねば)\n\nSo your sentence is 手伝わねばならない or 手伝わないといけない in standard Japanese.\n\n* * *\n\n * あかん is originally 明かぬ, but it means \"sucks\" or \"is bad\" in Kansai-ben. See [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25998/5010).\n * Just like ねば/ないと in standard Japanese, な in Kansai-ben can mean \"must\" on its own. \n\n> もう行かないと。= もう行かねば。= もう行かな。= It's time to go.\n\n * ねば can contract also to にゃ or にゃあ in many dialects in middle/western Japan. \n\n> 手伝わなにゃならん。 = 手伝わないといけない。 = I must help them.",
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77963
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77965
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "77984",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble with _past tense + noun_.\n\nFor example \"弟の **言うこと** を聞いたばかりにひどい目にあった\" Or \"この教授はしゃべるのが速すぎて、誰も **言っていること**\nを理解出来なかった\"\n\nWhy is used 言うこと instead of 言ったこと / 言っている instead of 言っていた?\n\nIn this sentence is used past tense with a noun \"あかりは自分で **書いた絵** を見せてくれた\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-12T15:34:04.257",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-12T15:47:41.737",
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"owner_user_id": "39336",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"past"
],
"title": "Question about past tense with noun",
"view_count": 140
}
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[
{
"body": "Your first example is special. 言うこと is almost an idiom (I'm sure it is except\nI don't find it in dictionaries) that should be understood as \"(one's) words\"\nrather than what it looks like. Thus 弟の言うことを聞いた is \"I listened to my brother's\nwords\", or in English, even \"I listened to my brother\". If you said\n弟の言ったことを聞いたばかりに～, it'd mean that you are focusing to the specific content he\nsaid at that time, rather than using the idiomatic phrase above.\n\nThe remaining two are easy when you know Japanese has so-called \"relative\ntense\", that is, the time marking in a subordinate clause is usually relative\nto that of main clause.\n\n> 誰も言っていることを理解できなかった _no one could understand what s/he **said (was saying)**_ \n> 誰も言っていたことを理解できなかった _no one could understand what s/he **had said (been\n> saying)**_\n>\n> あかりは自分で描いた絵を見せてくれた _Akari showed me the picture she **had drawn**_ \n> あかりは自分で描く絵を見せてくれた _Akari showed me the picture she **would draw**_\n\nOf course in English, you can say \"Akari showed me the picture she drew\" for\nthat context too, but I hope you understand the fact behind: she finished\ndrawing before she showed me.",
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"creation_date": "2020-06-13T04:18:58.993",
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77984
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "77979",
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"body": "I'm not really sure when I should use 本当 as a な adjetive or a noun. For\nexample let's see these examples.\n\n> この人は本物の男だよ\n>\n> この人は本当な男だ\n>\n> この人は本当の男だ\n\nWhat's the difference between these 3 sentences? (if there is any kind of\nmistake, please correct it) I think that 本物 it's used with objects (as in the\nword uses the 物 kanji) but the other two I have no clue. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-12T16:20:27.490",
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"id": "77968",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35730",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "difference between 本当な , 本当の and 本物",
"view_count": 305
}
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[
{
"body": "本当 is a no-adejctive, so 本当な男 is simply wrong. For the general difference\nbetween 本物の男 and 本当の男, see: [What is the difference between 「本物」 and\n「本当」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36952/5010)\n\nIn your case, the difference between 本物の男だ and 本当の男だ is not large, but 本物の男だ\nsounds a bit more natural to me. They can be used interchangeably in several\nsituations:\n\n * (I thought he was a coward boy but) He is a real man!\n * (I thought this person was a woman dressed as a man but) He is a real man!\n * (You were raised in a woman-only community and did not know what a guy looks like, but) He is a real man!\n\n本当 **に** 男だ means \"He is indeed a guy\", \"He is a guy as you said\", \"He is\nreally a guy\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T01:51:36.830",
"id": "77979",
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"body": "I picked up Japanese just recently, and I am confused as to why the word 昨夜\nhas so many different ways to pronounce it. In my dictionary, the\npronunciations are listed as ゆうべ、ゆんべ and さくや. Do the different readings convey\nthe same meaning, or do they mean different things?\n\nAdditionally, can someone explain how 昨夜 differs from 前夜?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T16:41:11.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "39337",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Why does the word 昨夜 have multiple pronunciations?",
"view_count": 274
}
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[
{
"body": "From what I understand, 「夕{ゆう}べ」typically refers to the evening while\n「昨夜」means last night specifically.「さくや」seems to be used in more formal\ncontexts.「ゆんべ」seems more colloquial.\n\nThe varying readings are pretty typical in Kanji and they come from historical\nreasons where Kanji acquired many different [Chinese\nreadings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/onyomi). See\n[other](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5444/multiple-onyomi)\n[questions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/328/how-to-choose-\nbetween-%E3%82%88%E3%82%93-yon-vs-%E3%81%97-shi-\nfor-%E5%9B%9B-4-and-%E3%81%97%E3%81%A1-shichi-vs/331#331) on readings of\nkunyomi and onyomi. If you're interested in etymology,\n[this](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%A8%E5%A4%9C) Wiktionary page\nshows the various origins of 昨夜.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T19:29:40.907",
"id": "77971",
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"score": -2
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{
"body": "昨夜 is always read さくや in modern standard Japanese. I was not aware of the\nother readings, and you can safely forget them. According to monolingual\ndictionaries, ゆうべ seems to be an obsolete reading used in the past. (Some big\ndictionaries tend to list rare and/or obsolete readings even native speakers\ndo not know. If you often run into this type of problem, you may want to get a\nsmaller dictionary for learners or native elementary school children.)\n\nゆうべ is written as 夕べ in kanji (and kana) in modern standard Japanese. It also\nmeans \"last night\", but sounds more colloquial. 夕べ [also means \"night\n(event)\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/64802/5010). ゆんべ is highly\ndialectal or old, so you should not use it.\n\n昨夜 means \"last night\" and is relative to _today_. 前夜 means \"the night before\"\nor \"eve\", and is relative to some \"main\" day. For example クリスマスの前夜 always\nrefers to the 24th of December regardless of the date of today.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T01:39:04.237",
"id": "77978",
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"score": 9
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{
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"body": "I was learning \"そうだ\" and came across these two sentences:\n\n> あの人は行きそうにない。\n>\n> あの人は行きそうではない。（もう、行っているよ。）\n\nThe article says the first sentence simply means \"that person doesn't seem to\ngo\", while the second sentence has the implication that \"that person has\nalready gone\". My question is why the second sentence has this implication.\n\nThanks in advance\n\n**Edit: Sorry everyone, I misunderstood the article. The second sentence\ndoesn't have that implication. It depends on context. This question will be\ndeleted soon.**",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T17:37:43.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77970",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T23:14:20.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "\"そうにない\" versus \"そうではない\", the negative form of \"そうだ\"",
"view_count": 475
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well, it's true that そうではない has a usage that you showed, but I don't think it\nis the main use case of that expression.\n\nThe real difference between those two is in the focus of negation. Verb + そう\ncan be roughly translated as \"(likely) about to V\", where そうではない negates the\nwhole phrase (\"not [about to V]\"), while そうにない the mood part only (\"not\nlikely\" or \"not about to'\").\n\nIn actual examples:\n\n> 1. 攻めてきそうにない\n> 2. 攻めてきそうではない\n>\n\nWhen you are a scout watching the enemy camp, you can say both way. #1 means\nthat you have some confidence that they are not ready to perform an attack, so\nthat you can relax guard, at least for a good while. However, #2 means that\nyou are still not sure whether they are ready to attack; maybe they could\nattack us in any time, just not immediate (in a moment).\n\nNow, this case:\n\n> あの人は行きそうではない。（もう、行っているよ。）\n\nis as if saying \"That person is not (even) _about to_ leave. (S/he's _already_\nleft!)\". This is a quite special and rhetorical context.\n\nDue to the specific time-bound meaning, ～そうにない is only usable when following a\nverb, and not adjective. See the @snailplane's answer to [Confusion about\n“Seemingly not ～”](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1701/7810).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T03:38:24.180",
"id": "77983",
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77970
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "77977",
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"body": "I was reading a book of Pokemon, and this sentence came across:\n\n> 中には、「幻」と呼ばれ、めったに人前に現れないものもいる。(Original)\n\nMy interpretation was\n\n> Among them, one is called a \"phantom\" and rarely appears in public.\n\nwhich I think has the general idea, but the last part of the sentence is\nbugging me, namely 現れないものもいる。A more literal translation that I can think of\nwould be something like\n\n> Among them, one is called a \"phantom\". A thing that rarely appears in public\n> also exists.\n\nalthough this seems much more unnatural in English. To be honest, I expected\nthe original sentence to be written as just\n\n> 中には、「幻」と呼ばれ、めったに人前に現れない。(Alternative)\n\nSummarising: \n1. What are the nuances between the original sentence and the alternative? \n2. Do Japanese people use the original more often (or even strictly)? \n3. Should they be translated as the same in English? I feel that my translation of the original is more close to the alternative sentence. However, the more \"literal\" translation feels too unnatural in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T20:42:25.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77973",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Interpretation of めったに人前に現れないものもいる",
"view_count": 86
}
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[
{
"body": "Looks like you have been tricked by a comma within a long relative clause,\nwhich is very common in Japanese. The correct translation is:\n\n> 中には、「幻」と呼ばれ、めったに人前に現れないものもいる。 \n> Among them, there are also ones that are called \"phantoms\" and rarely\n> appear in public.\n\nThat is, `「幻」と呼ばれ、めったに人前に現れない` as a whole is the relative clause that modifies\nもの. Your \"alternative\" suggestion doesn't make sense to me.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Why is neither て nor ます form used here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54741/5010)\n * [Commas and relative clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23781/5010)\n\n> Rules regarding the use of commas around relative clauses (or anywhere for\n> that matter) in Japanese are not nearly as strict as in English. Where to\n> use commas is pretty much left at the discretion of each writer.\n\n * [why does this intransitive verb use が?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54663/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-13T01:03:41.913",
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"score": 3
}
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77973
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77977
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"body": "I was taught that when て form is used to link sentences and ideas, it shows\nsuccession in action. \nFor example, 起きて、歯を洗いました means I woke up, and AFTER that, I brushed my teeth.\n\nBut lately, I've been noticing that ます form can be used to link sentences as\nwell. However, I'm pretty sure that when ます form is used, it does not\nnecessarily show succession. I think it either means '-ing' or 'and,' but I'm\nnot sure.\n\n \n**Question 1** \nFor example, given \n`僕は道を無くし、言葉すら無くしてしまう,` \n(無くし being the ます form of 無くす - to lose) \ndo I translate it as \"Losing my way, I lose even my words\" or \"I lose my way,\nand I even lose my words.\" \n \n**Question 2** \nAlso, would it have the same meaning if the sentence was\n`「僕は道を無くして、言葉すら無くし**て**しまう」`？ \nIn that case, when do I use て form versus ます form, and what is the difference\nin nuance?\n\n \nThank you!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T23:31:48.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77974",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-13T02:15:45.957",
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"owner_user_id": "39342",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Using stem (ます) form when linking sentences/ideas?",
"view_count": 404
}
|
[] |
77974
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77976",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_CbRBZhiho) when\nI noticed that ?! was used in the top right corner of the screen. This\n[interrobang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrobang) is regarded as poor\nstyle in English. How about in Japanese? It appears to me that it's more\ncommonly used in Japanese than in English. (I even told one Japanese that I\nfind using ?! a bit offensive because it's like forcing an answer out of\nsomeone.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-12T23:45:12.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77975",
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"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Usage of interrobang (?!) in Japanese",
"view_count": 290
}
|
[
{
"body": "`!?` is much more common than `?!` in Japanese literature (see\n[!?](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%21%3F) in nicopedia), although many laypeople\ndo not care about the order. It is not very common in serious novels, but some\nold novels like\n[蟹工船](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000156/files/1465_16805.html) have many\n`!?`'s. It is very common in manga and light novels today, and there we even\nsee `!!??`, `!!!!!?` and so on. I think `!?` in a news ticker is acceptable\nbecause the space is very limited, but conservative media like NHK may use it\nless often. It can be offensive, but `!` by itself can be equally offensive\nwhen used in an inappropriate situation. The \"ligature\" interrobang symbol (‽)\nis almost never used in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T00:43:03.643",
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77975
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77976
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77981",
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"body": "A line from a Japanese song that I am trying to translate into English is\n\"たわいない 判らない 理由 存在\". Separately I understand these words to mean trivial, don't\nunderstand, reason, and existence, respectively, but I'm having trouble coming\nup with a semantic translation. The best I've come up with is \"The trivial,\nincomprehensible reason for existence\". I think what's throwing me off is the\n\"理由 存在\" part. I feel like \"存在 理由\" makes more sense.\n\nFor context, the rest of the verse is: \nあなたと残す後悔 \n誰も読めないカルテ \n不愉快 繰り返して\n\nWhich I have translated as: \nThe regret after leaving you \nAn inexplicable medical record \nThe unpleasantness repeats\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-13T02:05:33.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77980",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Help translating line from Japanese song",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging from the [whole\nlyrics](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a05f0e3/l048f90.html), I must say this part\nis intentionally constructed so that it looks somewhat like \"word salad\".\nThroughout the lyrics, there are quite a few randomly-appearing words whose\ngrammatical roles are not clear to me (e.g., 鼓動, 眩暈, 思春期, ...). Maybe you have\nto stop trying to parse them as a grammatical sentence. (Unfortunately many\nJapanese songs are like this...) It appears to me that the lyrics focus more\non rhyming and rhythm than semantics. For example, \"思春期 傷口 胸のうち\" is\ngrammatically just three phrases placed in parallel, but it does rhyme (i-i-i)\nand follow [the 4-4-5\npattern](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30106/5010). Of course in this\ncase we can imagine a story like \"I hide my adolescent wound within my heart\",\nbut that may not be always possible.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T02:46:16.930",
"id": "77981",
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"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "As the title suggests, I don't really understand what とは means in the sentence\nfrom 君の名は。\n\nまさか昼からとはね。飯行こうぜ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T03:17:12.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77982",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difficulty understanding とは in the sentence まさか昼からとはね。飯行こうぜ。",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[] |
77982
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77989",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I don't know Japanese but from watching anime I remember the word (?)\n\"taisan\". I am also not a native English speaker so I'm not sure if I've\ncorrectly written how the word sounds. Google translate gave me this \"退散\"\nwhich seems to sound right.\n\nSo, anyway, I was thinking if that word sounds like \"taisan\" how would a\nJapanese person differentiate between it and calling a human, named \"Tai\",\n\"mister\", i.e. \"tai-san\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T12:06:13.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77986",
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"owner_user_id": "39345",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Confusing words that sound like a name and a suffix",
"view_count": 188
}
|
[
{
"body": "As is the case with a lot of Japanese, contextual clues matter. In this case,\nwhat you will find is that the context surrounding the situation is especially\nimportant.\n\nIn this case, [退散](https://jisho.org/word/%E9%80%80%E6%95%A3) is actually a\nverb (when followed by suru). So any use of the word taisan in relation to an\naction is certainly referring to this use.\n\nタイさん when used as a name is a noun. I don't know that I have ever heard of any\nJapanese person with the name Tai or Ty, but you do see that fairly commonly\nin English (nickname for Tyler). In writing, you'll see this written as I have\nhere. I feel it's safe to say that when you see taisan used as a noun, it will\nbe pretty clear as well.\n\nAs is the case with a lot of Japanese, context is a major portion of\nunderstanding what's going on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T12:42:23.403",
"id": "77987",
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "It 's like I was surprised to hear British English speaker said \"Going to the\nJohn\" and he went to the bathroom for the first time (i.e. he did not go to\nsee the person called \"John\").\n\nProbably the closing word \"退散{たいさん}\" tends to be more \"clear-cut\" than calling\nperson's name たいさん which could be more elongated sound so that たいさん could hear\nif they are far away to the speaker(ex echo from the mountain).\n\nIs it difficult to distinguish \"calling person's name\" and \"closing word\" in\nyour anime? I hope there is some strategy to distinguish homophone in your\nnative tongue.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T12:45:47.017",
"id": "77988",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-13T13:24:21.133",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-13T13:24:21.133",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> how would a Japanese person differentiate between it and calling a human,\n> named \"Tai\", \"mister\", i.e. \"tai-san\"?\n\nThese are different in pitch accent.\n\n退散 is pronounced [たいさん]{LHHH} and たいさん as a name and an honorific suffix (eg\n田井さん = Mr/Ms Tai), [たいさん]{HLLL}.\n\n{{pad}} Similar examples: \n解散 [かいさん]{LHHH} ・ 甲斐さん [かいさん]{HLLL} \n研鑽 [けんさん]{LHHH} ・ 健さん [けんさん]{HLLL} \n減産 [げんさん]{LHHH} ・ 玄さん [げんさん]{HLLL} \n閑散/換算 [かんさん]{LHHH} ・ 菅さん [かんさん]{HLLL} \n拡散/核酸 [かくさん]{LHHH} ・ 格さん [かくさん]{HLLL} \n計算 [けいさん]{LHHH} ・ 圭さん [けいさん]{HLLL} \n晩餐 [ばんさん]{LHHH} ・ 伴さん [ばんさん]{HLLL} \n量産 [りょうさん]{LLHHH} ・ 両さん [りょうさん]{HHLLL} \n倒産 [とうさん]{LHHH} ・ 父さん [とうさん]{HLLL} ← father \n増産 [ぞうさん]{LHHH} ・ 象さん [ぞうさん]{HLLL} ← elephant",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T13:02:02.447",
"id": "77989",
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"score": 7
}
] |
77986
|
77989
|
77989
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77991",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there any difference in meaning between 定める and 決める? Or are they perhaps\njust used in different situations? In the dictionary they both have the\nmeaning \"to decide\" or \"to determine\".\n\n車の買うことに定めた。\n\n車の買うことに決めた。\n\nI would translate both sentences with \"[I] decided to buy a car\". Is that a\ncorrect translation for both sentences? Is one of these two sentences not\ncorrect?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T13:50:13.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77990",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39347",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference between 定める and 決める",
"view_count": 617
}
|
[
{
"body": "決める is by far the more common everyday word of the two when expressing that a\ndecision was made.\n\n定める can be viewed as fixing something in place. There is a sense of authority.\nFor example, fate 運命 could be described as 定められている (decided, determined, set\nin place). On the other hand, you can also set your aim at something 銃の狙いを定める.\n\nFurthermore, the character 定 is used in words such as 定休日 the fixed day off\nfor businesses, or 定食 a set meal at a restaurant. It is set in place and can't\ntypically be changed from that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T14:00:51.947",
"id": "77991",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7953",
"parent_id": "77990",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77990
|
77991
|
77991
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77998",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I usually do not like to ask a simple meaning question, but I have serious\ndoubts if I get this sentence at all.\n\n(It is uttered pretty much without any context)\n\n「個性的な友達がふえたのは嬉しいけど、 **振り回される** 方の **身にもなって** ほしい。」\n\n(The parts in bold give me the most trouble in this sentence)\n\nFrom what I was able to find out to find out on the internet 「振り回される」 is often\ntranslated as being wrapped around someone’s finger, however, the explanation\nhere says the following:\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%8C%AF%E3%82%8A%E5%9B%9E%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B>\n\n<https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%8C%AF%E3%82%8A%E5%9B%9E%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B>\n\nIn my opinion they slightly differ and the Japanese to Japanese explanation is\neasier to apply here, especially taking into consideration that other people\nor rather at least one person is negatively affected by that.\n\nI understood as 「方の身にもなって」as similar to 「 相手の身になる」explained here:\n\n<https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9B%B8%E6%89%8B%E3%81%AE%E8%BA%AB%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B>\n\nAll in all I understood the sentence as the speaker being on the one hand\nhappy about having gained a lot of individual friends, but on the other\nwanting them to be a bit more considerate about the people (or the speaker)\nbeing (negatively) affected by them. As mentioned above I am very unsure about\nwhether this understanding is correct or not; therefore, I checked the English\ntranslation of the sentence that says:\n\n“I’m happy to have gained so many close friends but I want people to have me\nwrapped around their finger!”\n\nI am not a native speaker of English either (and used this explanation as\nreference: <https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/to-have-someone-wrapped-\naround-ones-finger.55250/> ) and have to admit that I do not get the sentence\nin English either. I am totally aware of translations being able to be\nincorrect or somewhat off (from the original meaning); however in this case,\nmy understanding and the English translation are completely different.\n\nWhat is it that I am getting wrong about the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T17:21:41.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77992",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T02:06:37.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「振り回される」 and 「身になる」in this sentence",
"view_count": 316
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not native speaker of English too, so I don't know the idiom \"wrapped\naround someone’s finger\" and let me forget the idiom at first to explain it.\n\n * 振り回される is the passive form of 振り回す. 振り回す literally means \"swing\" in a sense of trying to rotate some objects with your arms.\n\n * (方の)身になる means \"to be/as one's standpoint/perspective\". (It seems without 方の does not change the meaning here)\n\nSo, 振り回される方の身にもなってほしい would mean something like \"I want you to be my\nperspective which is swung to and fro.\" I am not sure without context 振り回される方\nin the sentence would mean as strongly dominated/controlled/influenced as\n\"wrapped around someone’s finger\".\n\nIf the agent is happy to be have the friend who is one of a kind, 振り回される would\nmean \"being confused/slightly annoyed\" or something like that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T02:06:37.657",
"id": "77998",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
77992
|
77998
|
77998
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78005",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They both mean \"real/actual thing\" (as opposed to some imitation), right?\nBreaking apart these kanji compounds, it is apparent that 本 and 実 give the\nmeaning of \"real.\" How are these two \"reals\" different?\n\nDoes this difference in nuance also apply to other 本-実 pairs like 本質 and 実質?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-13T23:59:22.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77995",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T09:14:19.850",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-14T00:06:41.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What difference in meaning does 本/実 give in words like 本物 and 実物?",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "The word \"real\" is translated as both 本物 and 実物, so the difference can't be\nexplained by using \"real\".\n\nIf you understand the difference between these sentences. you understand the\ndifference between 本物 and 実物.\n\nこのルイ・ヴィトンのカバンは、本物です。本物 means \"not fake\", so this sentence means \"This bag is a\ngenuine Louis Vuitton bag.\"\n\nカタログではなく、実物のルイ・ヴィトンのカバンが見たいです。実物 means \"actual thing\", so this sentence means\n\" I want to see an actual Louis Vuitton bag、not reading a catalog.\" 本物 is also\nused as this meaning.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T09:14:19.850",
"id": "78005",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "77995",
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"score": 3
}
] |
77995
|
78005
|
78005
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77999",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am confused by a very specific sentence in the lesson I'm currently on and\nhaven't found any examples online or anywhere in my textbook.\n\nI'm trying to figure out how to correctly say \"Robert said his mother is a\ngood cook.\" The only way I can figure is to use the は particle twice... but I\ndon't know if this is okay?\n\nロバ―トさん **は** お母さん **は** 料理が上手と言ってました。\n\nWould I omit one of the は’s in this case?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T00:41:40.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77996",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T04:44:47.077",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-14T04:44:47.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "7705",
"owner_user_id": "39353",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "と言ってました and は confusion",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ロバ―トさんはお母さんは料理が上手と言ってました。\n\nYour usage of は is perfectly fine. The quoted part is an embedded \"sentence\",\nso you don't have to worry about two は's. For the same reason, it's usually\nbetter to place だ between 上手 and と. お母さんは料理が上手 without だ is a little clumsy as\na sentence (see\n[だ抜き](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/140.html)).\n\n> ロバ―トさんはお母さんは料理が上手 **だ** と言ってました。 \n> Robert said his mother is a good cook.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T02:22:29.673",
"id": "77999",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T02:22:29.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77996
|
77999
|
77999
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across these two examples and I don't see why one takes に and one takes\nは.\n\n> 彼女の **ほかに** 知り合いはいません。 \n> I have no acquaintances besides her.\n\n> ビールの **ほかは** 何もいりません。 \n> I don't need anything other than beer.\n\nI searched for older questions on the same topic but didn't find anything\nconclusive.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T07:59:09.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78001",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T07:52:52.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-19T21:45:09.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "38808",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Difference Between ほかに and ほかは",
"view_count": 239
}
|
[
{
"body": "Based on the [Weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/) entries to these\nexpressions, it seems to me that ほかに can be equated to \"besides\" and ほかは to\n\"apart from\".\n\nMoreover the は is putting emphasis on the ほか, putting the focus on the _other_\nthing, whereas ほかに sounds a little more casual.\n\nEx.:\n\nそのほかにしかたがない。 these is no other way besides this one\n\nそのほかはしかたがない。 these is no other way apart from this one\n\nほかに is used in situations where you'd ask someone if they want something else\nfrom the store, whereas ほかは is used in more serious scenarios, like when you\nwant to say that there's no other way to do something.\n\nHowever, the difference is very subtle and both can be used in either\nsituation.\n\nThe sentence \"ビールのほかは何もいりません。\" puts more focuses on the _other_ things than\n\"彼女のほかに知り合いはいません。\" does.\n\nIf the second sentence was used in an argument with a girlfriend, I'd also use\nほかは rather than ほかに like so: 彼女のほかは知り合い **が** いません。\n\nWhen looking at the translation\n[DeepL](https://www.deepl.com/translator#ja/en/%E5%BD%BC%E5%A5%B3%E3%81%AE%E3%81%BB%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AB%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8A%E5%90%88%E3%81%84%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82)\ngives for either sentence, the grammatical difference becomes quite clear I\nthink:\n\n彼女のほかに知り合いはいません。 I don't know anyone else besides her.\n\n彼女のほかは知り合いはいません。 Other than her, I don't know anyone else.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T18:04:42.917",
"id": "78104",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T18:04:42.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39403",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I'd imagine this to be part of a bigger conversation, as in, something similar\nto:\n\n> 柔道をやっている知り合いの方、いませんか？\n\n> 彼女のほかに知り合いはいません。\n\nIn this case, you are stating that you don't have friends other than her (who\nknows Judo), because you are being asked if you have acquaintances who does\nJudo, even if you have other friends or have non-friends that does Judo. On\nthe other hand, had you replied:\n\n> 彼女のほかは知り合いがいません。(note the I changed the second は→が)\n\nYou are stating unequivocally that you have no friends other than her, and it\nwouldn't be clear whether she knows Judo from that answer. Probably a very\ngood way to kill the conversation quickly.\n\n-- Starfox",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-22T07:52:52.927",
"id": "78156",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T07:52:52.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39435",
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"score": 0
}
] |
78001
| null |
78104
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I learnt that to say:\n\n> _I have two younger brothers and one younger sister?_\n\nin Japanese, I can use:\n\n> _弟と妹が二人います。_ (Otōto to imōto ga futari imasu).\n\nThe grammar structure is the following:\n\n> _Noun + が + counter (for people) + います_\n\nBut now I'm having trouble with this sentence:\n\n> _I have **two** younger brothers and **two** younger sisters?_ (Note: both\n> nouns are plural).\n\nWill the following sentence be correct:\n\n> _弟が二人と妹が二人います。_ (Otōto ga futari to imōto ga futari imasu).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T08:49:42.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78002",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T11:46:01.833",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-14T11:46:01.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "38848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "List number of family members with counters",
"view_count": 343
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you want the structure:\n\n> Noun + が + counter (for people) + います\n\nYou can combine two clauses like this (have you already learned this before?)\n\n> 弟が二人いて、妹が二人います。\n\nIt's also possible to phrase it like this:\n\n> counter (for people) + の + Noun + が + います\n\nSo that it becomes:\n\n> 二人の弟と二人の妹がいます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T09:13:40.817",
"id": "78004",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T09:13:40.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"parent_id": "78002",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78002
|
78004
|
78004
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78157",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The Chinese character for coffee is 咖啡 while the Japanese kanji is 珈琲.\n\nThe mouth 口 radical seems more appropriate than the king 王 / jade 玉 radical.\n\nMost kanji come from Chinese characters and are sometimes altered in some way,\nbut I suspect coffee entered the Japanese culture and lexicon earlier than\nChinese. So I suspect the king/jade version existed before the mouth version.\n\nAny story behind why the Japanese kanji has a king/jade radical ? Maybe only\nroyalty could afford it at one point or something.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T11:36:34.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78006",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T08:04:34.473",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-14T12:01:41.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "29665",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why does the kanji for coffee have a king 王 radical?",
"view_count": 625
}
|
[
{
"body": "Based on [the hint](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/2626958.html) from @wip, I\nstarted to research and found [a wonderful\ndiscussion](https://togetter.com/li/855864). They have shared so many reliable\nsources but everything is Japanese and it's very very long so I'll pick up\npoints relating to this question.\n\n**About kanji variation.** First of all, there were hundreds of variations of\nkanji of coffee (as a form of ateji) at least in Japan. You can confirm these\nvariations thanks to an artwork by a woodblock printmaker, [Okuyama\nGihachiro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gihachiro_Okuyama).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XSlBB.jpg)\n(Photo by Mitsutoshi, Watanabe, at a coffee bar TOM in Yoyogi)\n\nMost of these variations are based on mimicking sound as the way Western\npeople called it, 'coffee', 'Koffie' or others. For example, Japanese first\ncoffee shop was named\n\"[可否茶館](https://www.ucc.co.jp/enjoy/encyclopedia/history/popup/j_1888.html)\",\nwhich is surprising because \"可否\" (another kanji form of coffee) is now widely\nused as the meaning \"possible or not\".(Nobody in modern Japan would think this\nkanji as coffee. But in fact the pronunciation of \"可否\" \"kahi\" is similar to\n'coffee' even for Japanese, so it's possible as ateji.) \nWe could guess that this enormous variety shows coffee got popular in Japan\nrapidly and concurrently.\n\n**Which is the original, 咖啡 vs 珈琲?** 咖啡 and 珈琲 resembles each other. So it's\nnatural to understand either one mimicked the form of the other. \nThe kanji 咖啡 is seen at least in 1819 in a dictionary edited by [Robert\nMorrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Morrison_\\(missionary\\))(from\nUK). However, coffee might not be so popular for Chinese [at this\nmoment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_China#History)\nbecause China was tea giant on the earth. (Note that UK became a big tea\nconsumer and China became a big tea supplier in exchange for\n[opium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War) in this era. We could\nguess UK was eager something to sell to China in order to minimize trade\ndeficit. Coffee might be one candidate.) \nThe first 珈琲 was coined by [Udagawa\nYōan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udagawa_Y%C5%8Dan) (Western learner of\nJapan). He has written the first thesis about coffee in Japan in 1816 titled\n\"哥非乙説\". (Here another variation \"哥非乙\" as 'coffee' shown up) Later, the first\nkanji 珈琲 surely appeared in [his another\nbook](https://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/bunko08/bunko08_c0510/bunko08_c0510.pdf)(page33,\ncolumn2, line1) by the time he died 1846. \nAssembled these information, there is no evidence about the original. But we\ncould suppose 咖啡 was the original because\n\n(1) At the time Robert Morrison was editing the dictionary, Udagawa Yōan was\nearly of 20 ages. It's unlikely Morrison referred to information by Japanese\nyoung man. \n(2) Udagawa Yōan was Western learner and he was familiar with Western sources.\nThe dictionary by Morrison seems to have been imported to\n[Dejima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejima). So it's probable for Udagawa\nto have checked Morrison's work.\n\n**So, why 口 radical?** Here is an interesting fact. Especially in old Vietnam,\npeople seems to have had a custom to put 口 radical for phonograms. For\nexample, [咭唎](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%A0%B8%84%E5%92%AD%E5%94%8E)\nas well as 英吉利 means 'England'. Here 口 may indicate 'speaking'. (Note that old\nVietnamese have used kanji as writing system, called [Chữ\nNôm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m).) Phonograms is\nuseful for loanwords. That means it works in the similar way as katakana. \nFirst (modern) coffee in China seems to have been [introduced to Yunnan\nprovince](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_China#History),\nwhich is southern China and near to Vietnam. Considering modern Vietnamese are\nprominent coffee lover in Asia, Vietnam may have played a big role to spread\nthe kanji 咖啡.\n\n**So, why 王 radical?** As @Kantura, @Leebo and @dROOOze mentioned, this is\nactually 玉 radical, meaning jade. \"珈\" is also pronounced as 'kamikazari',\nmeaning '[kanzashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzashi)'(kind of hair\naccessory). \"琲\" means a string to bind jades. Thus the kanji 珈琲 reminds us the\nhair accessory with jades. That's why people admire of his cool and playful\nselection. People also imagine that he would have known the coffee tree and\nbeans. You can check the image of [this\narticle](https://www.ucc.co.jp/enjoy/trivia/atcl046/) about the relation of\ncoffee beans and kanzashi. \nI'm not sure why he would transform the (probably existed) kanji\nintensionally. Maybe just by his playful mind. However, there is another\nsurprising hypothesis. This source is from a book \"珈琲遍歴\" written by Okuyama\nGihachiro(the woodprint maker). He wrote in a book\n\n> 珈琲の王扁は、その物の産する土地が遠い所の場合に王扁をつける様だ。 \n> As for 王 radical like in 珈琲, it seems to be used to tell that a place which\n> thing/object was made is far from here.\n\nUdagawa may have just followed this rule.\n\n**So, why 珈琲 has won in Japan?** As I showed, there were so many kanji of\ncoffee in Japan as well as 咖啡. But 珈琲 has won this survival after all. This\nreason remains unknown but according to [the\ndiscussion](https://togetter.com/li/855864), [Japanese script\nreform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_script_reform) may have given a\nbig effect on this battle. (Note that in this era, the relation of China and\nJapan were going bad. It's possible the government intensionally avoided using\nChinese way.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-22T08:04:34.473",
"id": "78157",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T08:04:34.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38911",
"parent_id": "78006",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
78006
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78157
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78157
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am in the process of writing a Japanese text. It is meant to be a script for\na presentation. Below, you find the draft version.\n\nそれぞれのモジュールに付属した単体試験が実施されました。\n\nところが、当時は、これらの試験を **求める工程はありませんでした** 。\n\nモジュールの要求から顧客ニーズへの後ろ向きの追跡を **求める工程もありませんでした** 。\n\nそれどころか、これらの要求を書き留めるよう **求める工程もありませんでした** 。\n\nI am wondering whether there is an elegant way to avoid the repetition of \"\n**求める工程もありませんでした** \". Maybe, somebody has an idea.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T13:04:32.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78007",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T11:54:12.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20328",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"repetition-structure"
],
"title": "Avoid Repetition",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "> モジュールの要求から顧客ニーズへの逆方向の追跡 **も** 、それどころか、これらの要求を書き留めること **さえも** 、求められていませんでした。\n>\n> モジュールの要求から顧客ニーズへの逆方向の追跡 **も** 、それどころか、これらの要求を書き留めること **さえも** 、工程には存在しませんでした。\n\nI would say like either of above.\n\n> NPを求める工程もありませんでした。 (NP=Noun Phrase)\n>\n> There is no procedure which ask for NP.\n\nSince the variable part in your lines are inside modifier clause, I think you\nneed to make a verb so as to take NP as its subject.\n\n> NPは求められていませんでした\n>\n> NP was not asked for.\n\nor\n\n> NPは工程に存在しませんでした\n>\n> NP was absent on any procedures.\n\nFinally you can connect multiple NP with も, you can also use さえも for\nemphasizing like 'even'. 「NP1もNP2さえも求められていませんでした。」\n\nBy the way, we often use 後ろ向き as 'negative', so I suggest to use 逆方向 or 逆向き to\nmean the opposite direction.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T11:54:12.567",
"id": "78029",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T11:54:12.567",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "38911",
"parent_id": "78007",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78007
| null |
78029
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78013",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the か explained in the image below a \"normal\" question marker, like the one\nI learned when studying basic Japanese, or does it have some special\nproperties?\n\nThis is from the TRY textbook for JLPT N1, so it makes me think this か is\nsomehow different from the basic か used for making questions.\n\nFrom what I can see in the mini-explanation, it transmits denial（否定）, but I\ncan't appreciate that in the example sentences.\n\nCould you please explain this か to me?\n\nThank you so much in advance!\n\nBy the way, do you know where I could see all the TRY N1 grammar patterns\ntranslated into English? Sorry for the extra question.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YlIdV.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T15:17:32.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78008",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T00:07:04.977",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-14T21:45:19.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"questions",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Special か or basic か for making questions?",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "I've not specifically encountered a grammar explanation of「か」formalised in\nthis way, but, from what this page says, I wouldn't view it as a separate use\nof か - it still fundamentally marks a question.\n\nThe difference is rather the sort of question it marks. It just seems that\nthese are rhetorical questions (i.e. those questions which don't require a\nresponse), and, in these specific cases, the questions have the obvious answer\nof \"no\" from the phrasing. Putting it another way, all of the questions\nrequire no answer, as the view of the speaker is made clear from the\nphrasing/information they choose to include earlier on.\n\nExample 3 I think is the clearest to understand in this way, but all of them\nseem to follow the pattern of essentially answering the question before it is\nposed.\n\n> ③ **こんなくだらない** 番組、３時間も見ていられるか。\n>\n> Structural translation: Can I watch **such a stupid** program for as much as\n> three hours? (No!)\n>\n> What I understand: I can't imagine spending a whole three hours of my life\n> watching such a stupid program.\n\nIn this case, the 「こんなくだらない」/ \"such a stupid\" is the key piece of information\ngiven that essentially answers the question. If this information weren't given\n(and replaced, say, with 「この」/ \"this\"), the question could still be rhetorical\n(in so far as it would not actually require an answer), but it would be more\nopen to interpretation. For instance, perhaps the speaker is wondering if they\nactually have the time to watch the program for 3 hours. Or, it might be\nexpressing a similar sentiment, that the speaker thinks they would grow tired\nof its stupidity.\n\nAs such, I can understand why they are explaining this as a separate grammar\npoint, but on a practical level, if you have ever asked rhetorical questions,\nit isn't really a separate grammar point. Rather, it just indicates that\nquestions can be made rhetorical with minimal grammatical adjustment in\nJapanese, as is the case in English.\n\nRegarding your second question over where you might find translated grammar\npatterns for the TRY N1 grammar book, I don't know, but regardless, I think\nthat specific question is 'off-topic' for this site, as it concerns resources.\nFor what it's worth, I would say that if you are studying towards the N1 exam,\nand so are clearly of upper-intermediate/advanced ability in Japanese, you\nshould be able to supplement your study of this book with a wide range of\nother resources (whether in English, in Japanese, or another language you\nknow).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T21:39:20.637",
"id": "78013",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T00:07:04.977",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-15T00:07:04.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "78008",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78008
|
78013
|
78013
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78011",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I encountered this sentence in a manga\n\n> 泣きたい日もあるじゃない\n\nand I thought it was weird but meant something along the lines of \"I never\nfeel like crying\", because of the negation of 泣きたい日もある, which I understand as\n\"There's (also) some days when I/you want to cry\" (of course I'm imposing the\nfirst person pronoun, but you can change it accordingly).\n\nJust to check, I looked up the translation of the manga, as well as used\ndeepl.com and they both translate this sentence as \"Some days you just want to\ncry\", which is the opposite of what I thought at first!\n\nI looked parts of the sentence up thinking this may be a usual grammar point\nbut can't find anything. Could someone explain what's going on?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T17:54:25.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78010",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T18:52:23.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39358",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"negation",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Problem understanding 泣きたい日もあるじゃない",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm not sure if I actually learned this in my classes, but I hear and use this\nall the time. Imagine it as saying \"There are days you want to cry, aren't\nthere?\". The じゃない is being used to ask for confirmation from the other person\nrather than negate the statement itself. To negate this sentence I would\nchange the ある to ない, but in this context it sounds a bit depressed like the\nspeaker feels nothing and doesn't even want to cry.\n\nHere's a couple of short example dialogues that might help put it into more\ncontext.\n\nなんで泣いている？ Why are you crying?\n\n得に理由がないけど、泣きたい日もあるじゃない？ There's no real reason, but there are days you just\nwant to cry, aren't there?\n\nAn example of negated 泣きたい\n\n悲しいのに泣きたくもない I'm sad but I do not want to cry.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T18:52:23.290",
"id": "78011",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-14T18:52:23.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39359",
"parent_id": "78010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
78010
|
78011
|
78011
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78015",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They both refer to a concept of \"compromise\"\n\nAccording to\n[this](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/15168222?utm_content=adjacent_next&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=hinative),\nit 妥協 has some negative meaning in the sense that one is left with no choice\nbut to compromise, but 折衷 is more like taking the good aspect of each thing\n(e.g., proposal).\n\nI would like to know if I have the same understanding as a typical Japanese\nspeaker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T23:19:48.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78014",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T18:59:19.810",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T18:59:19.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 折衷 and 妥協?",
"view_count": 224
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding of 妥協 seems fine.\n\n折衷 is an uncommon word that means \"blend\", \"fusion\", \"mix\", etc. It's rarely\nused outside a few fixed phrases such as 和洋折衷 (\"mixed-Japanese-Western style\")\nand 折衷案. 折衷案 literally means \"blended proposal\", but it can be usually\ntranslated as \"happy medium\" or \"compromised suggestion\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-14T23:39:33.170",
"id": "78015",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T00:02:50.287",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-15T00:02:50.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78014
|
78015
|
78015
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my textbook, I encountered the phrase\n\n> 先生のお時間があるとき **でけっこうですので** 、[わからない言葉を教えていただきたいんですが]\n\nI assume that the meaning is approximately \"I'd like to ask you something, but\nit's OK if you don't have time\", but I don't understand the grammar used here\nat all.\n\nHow do I use this 「…でけっこうですので、…」 properly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T00:47:57.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78017",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T12:17:41.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25955",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Understanding 「…でけっこうですので、…」",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "けっこう has many meanings but you should check it has a core meaning like\n'quantity/quality is much' basically. In this case, it means 'ok', 'good', or\n'satisfied'. ですので means 'so', 'since' or 'therefore'. The translation would be\nlike this.\n\n> It's **good enough** for me to get the answer when you're available, so ...\n\n「...でけっこうですので、...」 is popular phrase because it certainly asks something but\nwill not ask forcefully. More casually you can say 「...でいいので、...」. いい can be\nused here as a casual form of けっこう. 「来月でいいのでレポートを提出して」 sounds like \"It's ok to\nsubmit the report in the next month. So be sure to do it\".\n\nLast of all, I thought your translation might cause a little misleading. This\ndoesn't say \"it's OK if you don't have time\" but \"it's OK if the answer is\nlate\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T12:17:41.090",
"id": "78030",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T12:17:41.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38911",
"parent_id": "78017",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78017
| null |
78030
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78021",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> どうせ兄貴とは出来が違いまさぁ\n\nI tried to look it up but to no avail ! but i guess it means that the speaker\nthink he is different than his brother ,right?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T03:47:43.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78018",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T06:05:28.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 出来が違い?",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "You should look up the meaning of 出来が違う, not 出来が違い. (違う is a godan verb, and\n[まさぁ](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%95%E3%81%82) is a stronger\nand dialectal variant of ます.)\n\n出来が違う is a set phrase that means someone is congenitally, developmentally or\ninherently different. This 出来 means \"quality (of a product, crop, child\ndevelopment, etc)\". For example we say 彼は頭の出来が違う to describe a natural-born\ngenius. Your sentence means 兄貴 has been talented (for something) since he was\nborn or young.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T06:05:28.110",
"id": "78021",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T06:05:28.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78018
|
78021
|
78021
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78057",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I found that there are two different pronunciations for the [ɸ] phone. For\nexample, in Japanese compare those two pronunciations for same word 冬 (for\nwhich I believe will has [ɸɯjɯ] as **phonetic** transcription):\n\n * <https://jisho.org/search/%E5%86%AC>. To my ear, this one sounds more like [pʰɯjɯ].\n * [https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=ja&tl=en&text=fuyu](https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=ja&tl=en&text=fuyu). . To my ear, this one sounds more like [kʰɯjɯ].\n\nIn [this wikipedia\npage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative), which\nprovides the audio sample for the sound (near the top right of the page), I\nalso found that phone is pronounced much similar to the first link in the list\nabove.\n\nHowever, some other sources suggest that the pronunciation link in second link\nis also common. For example, this link:\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/hiragana> provides pronunciation\nfor /hu/.\n\nSo which one is correct, or both?\n\n**Note** : I'm a Vietnamese native speaker and in our country, almost anyone\ncan spot the difference between the two pronunciations in the links listed\nabove.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T04:51:18.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78019",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T04:24:25.643",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T04:21:14.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "38848",
"owner_user_id": "38848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonology",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Correct pronunciation of voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]",
"view_count": 829
}
|
[
{
"body": "It turns out that OP's question is that Japanese ふ sometimes sounds as if\nVietnamese _ph_ //f// and other times _kh_ //x//.\n\nThat observation is true. The status of [[ɸ]] sound in Japanese is somewhat\nshaky because it appears mostly as [an allophone in the environment //h// +\n//u//](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16266/7810) (strictly speaking,\nhowever, influx of modern loanwords has developed independent ファ行 to a quite\ndegree).\n\n[[ɸ]] in the Japanese language is a historical remnant of the times when all\nハ行 were //ɸ//, which now only retained because //u// has labial feature.\nHence, to some speakers the labiality is essential in pronunciation, while to\nothers it is merely incidentally labialized //h//. In other words, the\nstrength of labial narrowing varies among speakers.\n\nAnother factor is the realization of //h//. It is pronounced not only as [[h]]\nbut also as [[x]] or [[χ]], especially in Eastern Japan including Tokyo. (Note\nthat these allophones are natural in most regions when after consonantal\nelement, cf. [ゴッホ](https://forvo.com/word/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%83%E3%83%9B/#ja).)\nSince we don't have any contrastive fricatives in the back side of cavity,\n//h// can be freely realized from [[h]] (≈ Vietnamese _h_ ) to [[x]] (≈\nVietnamese _kh_ ).\n\nThen we can draw a diagram to illustrate the gradation of ふ's consonant:\n\n```\n\n strong labial [ɸ]\n ↕\n weak labial [hʷ] [xʷ]\n glottal <--------------> velar\n \n```\n\nFor example, in [the sound clips of 船（ふね） on\nforvo.com](https://forvo.com/word/%E8%88%B9/#ja), _strawberrybrown_ 's is\nclosest to [[ɸ]], _akitomo_ 's closest to [[hʷ]], and _kaoring_ 's closest to\n[[xʷ]] (I couldn't get each direct link).\n\nI'm not sure what is the distinctive features of _ph_ in Vietnamese, but your\nfirst link of 冬 from jisho.org sounds rather an example of [[hʷ]] (though it\ndoesn't seem to be a human articulation).\n\n**PS** As an aside, it reminds me of [a female announcement voice for some JR\nlines](https://youtu.be/XRr7IF0Qy54?t=28) which utters ふつう with such\nstrikingly dominant velar feature that almost sounds like くつう to me.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T05:16:24.257",
"id": "78057",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T05:48:34.093",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T05:48:34.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "78019",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I found answer for it after days of searching on the internet.\n\n_Important note_ : The actual sound may vary depending on the accent of the\nspeaker as you can find in the links that I posted in the questions.\n\nSome people pronounce [ɸ] as in ふ the following way:\n\n * Try to make a voiceless sound as if you are blowing a balloon (the [ɸ] appears here).\n * Add ɯ sound (for ふ in this case)\n\nThe Youtube video links for the above pronunciation can be found\n[here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdYLFjAQlC8&t=2s) and\n[here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFlxqH2Sn-o&t=277s) also.\n\nSome other people pronounce the [ɸ] sound the same with [x] (or my preference\nis to use [kʰ] in this case instead), ref:\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T04:24:25.643",
"id": "78090",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T04:24:25.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38848",
"parent_id": "78019",
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"score": 0
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78019
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78057
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78057
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Whenever I see 献, I am reminded of 貢献、献金、献立, which implies a meaning of\n\"offering.\" I checked 文献 and it was defined as \"literature, documents.\" It\nseems to me that among the 熟語 with 献, this is the odd one out.\n\nCan anyone shed light on the semantic contribution of 献 to 文献? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T04:58:22.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78020",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-06T22:01:26.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the semantic contribution of 献 to 文献?",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[
{
"body": "From what I understand it's derived from 論語\n\n>\n> [子曰：“夏礼，吾能言之，杞不足徵也；殷礼，吾能言之，宋不足徵也。文献不足故也，足则吾能徵之矣。”](https://ctext.org/analects/ba-\n> yi/ens?searchu=%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%E6%95%85%E4%B9%9F%EF%BC%8C%E8%B6%B3%E5%89%87%E5%90%BE%E8%83%BD%E5%BE%B5%E4%B9%8B%E7%9F%A3%E3%80%82)\n\nAnd it originally meant \"written records and wise men\" (as opposed to just\nwritten records), but the phrase is now used exclusively to refer to written\nrecords.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-06T22:01:26.053",
"id": "78463",
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78020
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78463
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am stuck on a piece of grammar I do not know. I want to know how to say\n\"Your sister and her husband\"\n\nI thought that if I write it like あなたの姉と主人 or あなたの姉さんと主人さん it might sound like\n\"Your sister and your husband\"\n\nWhat is the grammatical construction to say \"Your sister and her husband\"\n\nThere must be a shorter way to say it than あなたの姉さんと姉さんの主人\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T06:53:05.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78022",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T07:22:00.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30986",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"and her\" as in \"Your Sister and her husband\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think あなたのお姉さん夫妻 or あなたのお姉さん夫婦 are natural and common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T07:22:00.033",
"id": "78023",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T07:22:00.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "78022",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78022
| null |
78023
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78027",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "<https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/5299489.html>\n\nDoes \"彼女作れ\" just mean \"get a girlfriend?\n\nHow about sentences like \"get a husband\" or \"get a partner\". Would I still use\n作る there?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T08:16:59.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78024",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T09:51:33.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Does 作る mean \"get\" in this sentence?",
"view_count": 75
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, the verb 作る is used in Japanese to express the idea of 'getting' a\ngirlfriend/boyfriend. Think of it as being similar to the English phrase \"to\nmake friends\" with someone, but instead, it's \"make a girlfriend/boyfriend\".\nSo your translation \"get a girlfriend\" is reasonable. By the way, you can also\nuse it for making friends: 友達を作る.\n\nFor \"get a husband/wife\", 作る is not generally used. The most common way to\nexpress that is probably to simply to refer to marriage, i.e. 結婚する or\nsomething along those lines.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T09:44:31.483",
"id": "78027",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T09:51:33.907",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-15T09:51:33.907",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "78024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78024
|
78027
|
78027
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78026",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 冬休{ふゆやすみ}みはどこ [か] 行{い}きましたか.\n\nIn the above sentence, I learned [か] can be used to express uncertainty, which\nmeans the person asking this question has no idea if the person being asked\nwent to some place or stayed at home/school.\n\nAnd I think [へ] and [に] can also be used here to replace [か], to describe\ndestination/location, as though we don't care the uncertainty problem. Also, I\nsomehow think [が] cannot be used here, because it's kind of weird.\n\nAm I right in the above guess, especially [が]?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T08:52:50.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78025",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T11:00:13.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-15T10:57:00.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "9905",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "に/へ/が/か in describing place",
"view_count": 52
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are correct about か expressing uncertainty. In this case, the phrase どこか\nis an 'indeterminate pronoun' which indicates the presence of something\nunknown. どこか can be translated in English as 'somewhere' (or 'anywhere'\ndepending on the context). Other examples of indeterminate pronouns are 誰か\n(someone), 何か (something), どれか (one of...), いつか (some time), etc. The use of\nparticles (を, で, に, へ, etc) following these words depends on the context.\nSometimes they can be omitted and other times, they cannot. But let's stick to\nyour example sentence and your specific questions.\n\nIn your example, 冬休みはどこ **か** 行きましたか, replacing [か] with either [へ] and [に]\nwould actually change the meaning of the sentence from \"Did you go\n**anywhere** during winter break?\" to \" **Where** did you go during winter\nbreak?\". You could not use [が] because verbs of movement (such as 行く) require\nthe particle に or へ. Finally, you could add [へ] or [に] to make 冬休みは **どこかへ**\n行きましたか, which does not change the meaning ([see other examples\nhere](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%81%8B%E3%81%B8)).\n\nFinally, a note about omitting particles following どこか. Sometimes particles\nare omitted in casual speech, for example. I searched the BCCWJ corpus for\ninstances of どこか with 行く (including verbal inflexions). There were many more\ninstances of どこかへ行く and どこかに行く than どこか行く, with particle omissions often\noccurring in quoted speech. In other words, it is more usual to see どこか with a\nparticle attached. In other cases, you need the particle. For example, with\nどこか **で** その広告を見ました, you must include the particle で. So it is context-\ndependent.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T09:33:57.007",
"id": "78026",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T11:00:13.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-15T11:00:13.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "78025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78025
|
78026
|
78026
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78033",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am wondering how 組まされた was conjugated.\n\nI know it is a form of the verbs 組む and する, but I don't know why む became ま,\ninstead of the stem plus the passive form of する.\n\nIs there something I am not getting?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T13:28:55.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78032",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-21T15:07:42.437",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-21T15:07:42.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"conjugations",
"passive-voice",
"causation"
],
"title": "How was 組まされた conjugated?",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is actually a causative-passive construction.\n\nSometimes there is confusion around causative forms because there are actually\ntwo causative verbal forms for many verbs. For godan verbs like 組む, there is a\n'standard' causative form in which you attach せる to the a-row (未然形) of the\nverb. For 組む this would be 組ませる. There is also a 'short' causative form in\nwhich you attach す to the a-row (未然形) of the verb. For 組む this would be 組ます.\nTo then make the causative-passive for each of these forms, you get せられる for\nstandard forms and される for short forms.\n\n> 組む－組ませる ('standard' causative)－組ませられる ('standard' causative-passive)\n>\n> 組む－組ます ('short' causative)－組まされる ('short' causative-passive)\n\n**So 組まされた is the past tense of the 'short' form causative-passive.**\n\nIn general, the 'short' forms are used in informal conversation and the\n'standard' forms are used both in written and spoken Japanese. For example,\nichidan verbs like 食べる have two causative forms (食べさせる and 食べさす). You might\nhave heard the phrase 食べさして in informal Japanese, the short-causative form\n(食べさせて is the 'standard' form). Such a form would never be used in a formal\nsituation.\n\nCheck out Tae Kim's guide on these verbal forms\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/causepass.html#part3).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T14:10:53.220",
"id": "78033",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T14:29:21.530",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "78032",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
78032
|
78033
|
78033
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've heard the sentence \"一人でいるのが好きです\", meaning \"I like to be alone\".\n\nIs this a substitute of \"です\", could I for example say \"学生でいるのが好きです\"? If so,\nhow is it different from \"である\"?\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T15:41:09.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78035",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T15:41:09.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39328",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "What does \"でいる\" mean?",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[] |
78035
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nI thought as far as 今夜は？サベ But sabe doesn't seem like a thing?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T16:48:00.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78037",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T20:48:02.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39368",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What's this kanji in the sentence?",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it's [寒サバ](https://www.pref.mie.lg.jp/suigi/hp/78573017344.htm)\n(winter mackerel), but this is indeed poorly written...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T20:48:02.413",
"id": "78041",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T20:48:02.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78037",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78037
| null |
78041
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Looking for some help seeing whether I have understood the usage of だけに in the\nbelow. To summarise the conversation 御園 is saying that she was jealous of 佳奈.\nAs she was explaining why she was jealous she became embarrassed and tried to\nchange what she was going to say part way through, leading to the eventual\nツッコミ by the narrator as the three of them spent most of the day eating out\nyesterday.\n\n御園 says 音楽科だけに. Is this just to emphasise why she is jealous?(she specialises\nin music). edit: Thinking about it I'm not sure that makes sense. I originally\nthought she was saying that 佳奈 went to 河井楽器 but now I'm thinking she might be\nsaying that she went there.\n\n> 「正直言うと、ちょっと佳奈が羨ましかったんです」\n>\n> 「アホなところが？」\n>\n> 「違います」\n>\n> 「佳奈すけ佳奈すけって言われて、かわいがっ……」\n>\n> 勢いこんで言って、そこで止まった。\n>\n> 御園の耳たぶが赤く染まる。\n>\n> 「河井楽器に昨日行ったんです。音楽科 **だけに** 」\n>\n> きりっとした顔で言った。\n>\n> 一緒に飯食ってただろうが。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T17:03:23.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78038",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T20:43:49.360",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-15T17:14:27.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "39161",
"owner_user_id": "39161",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "what does だけに mean in this?",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ～だけに means \"precisely because of ～\". She said she went to 河合楽器 (shop\nname) and it must be natural because she was in the music department.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Meaning of \"だけに\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54611/5010)\n * [The meaning of なだけに in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74887/5010)\n * [JGram - だけに](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=dakeni)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T20:43:49.360",
"id": "78040",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T20:43:49.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78038",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
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78038
|
78040
|
78040
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{
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"body": "So I've had a feeling for a while regarding particle order, which I haven't\nmanaged to find much of anything to either confirm or deny in any of the\nlearning resources I've tried, and I'm hoping someone here can tell me whether\nit's actually true or I'm just imagining things.\n\nIt is generally taught that the order of particles in Japanese sentences is\n(usually) grammatically not that important (there are conventions, of course,\nand different placement may result in slightly different emphasis, but the\noverall meaning is still the same even if you, for example, change whether the\nを part or the に part comes first or second, etc). However, I have had the\nimpression for a while now that that may be not entirely true of は (the topic\nparticle)?\n\nSpecifically, to borrow a math/CS term, it feels to me like は has a slightly\nlower \"operator precedence\" than most of the others, which is part of why it\ncommonly comes first. For example (off the top of my head, so it might not be\nthe best one):\n\n * 人は公園で歩いている -- \"The person is walking in the park\" (The topic is \"the person\" and the action is \"walking in the park\") \n * 公園で人は歩いている -- \"In the park, the person is walking\" (The topic is \"the person (in the context of being in the park)\" and the action is \"walking\")\n\n(I know that \"in the park, the person\" might actually usually be said\ndifferently (公園では, etc), but my point is that even without that the placement\nof 公園で before a later は changes a bit (the feel, at least, of) what it applies\nto)\n\nThat is, it seems to me that if other particles, such as で or に are put\n_before_ は, they can end up essentially modifying the topic, instead of the\nsentence as a whole, so effectively, は can sometimes have a\ngrouping/partitioning effect on things that come before it (not always, but\nsometimes), which isn't true of other particles.\n\nIn most cases, the effect is not really substantial (it often ends up coming\nout with the same meaning in the end), but in some cases it seems like it\ncould potentially change the nuance of things noticeably, so I'm curious. Am I\ncompletely off base with this? Does は actually work differently than other\nparticles in this regard?\n\n**Edit:** So my example above was bad in a few ways, I guess. Here's one I\ncame across recently, though I'm not sure it exemplifies what I'm talking\nabout quite as strongly:\n\n> この近所にコンビニはありますか？\n\nIt seems to me that the normal way to phrase this would be 「コンビニはこの近所にありますか」\n(\"As for convenience stores, is there one in this neighborhood?\"), but by\nplacing 「この近所に」 in front of 「コンビニは」, this has an effect of essentially making\nit feel more like \"As for convenience stores in this neighborhood, is there\none?\" (that is, \"in this neighborhood\" becomes more tightly associated with\n\"convenience stores\" and essentially serves to help refine the scope of the\ntopic). In this particular case, one could argue that the two questions end up\nasking essentially the same thing, but I suspect that wouldn't always be the\ncase in all sentences, which is why I'm curious about this sort of thing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T18:18:39.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78039",
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"last_editor_user_id": "35230",
"owner_user_id": "35230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Position of は relative to other particles",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, 人は公園で歩いている sounds unnatural. To match the English translation,\nyou should say **その** 人は公園 **を** 歩いている. See\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3243/5010) for this を.\n\nSecond, despite your observation, その人は公園を歩いている and 公園をその人は歩いている have the same\nbasic meaning, although the latter is a little unusual and thus sounds like 公園\nis emphasized. In both sentences, 公園を adverbially modifies 歩いている, not (その)人.\nAs a basic rule, ～を/～で on its own cannot modify a noun in the first place.\nSee: [using の with と,で, から,\nまで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33605/5010)\n\nIf you want to say \"The person in the park is walking\", it's 公園にいる人は歩いている in\nJapanese.\n\nIn conclusion, I was not able to get what you mean by \"grouping\". If you have\na better example that explains your problem, I'll take a look again.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T21:01:22.933",
"id": "78042",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-15T21:07:40.207",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-15T21:07:40.207",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "From what I understand, the topic of the sentence is usually placed in the\nbeginning of the sentence. In essence, the Japanese word order is: **[topic] は\n[other information] [verb].** You can _technically_ place the topic in the\nmiddle of the sentence instead of the beginning, and it's _technically not\ngrammatically incorrect_ , but it sounds pretty odd and it doesn't change the\nmeaning or emphasis at all.\n\nThe topic in Japanese isn't strictly a solid sentence element to the same\ndegree as something like a subject or an object. Instead, any sentence element\noutside of predicates (and with the て-form even that depends) **can become a\ntopic**. If the element to become a topic happens to be **a subject or an\nobject, the respective particles が and を get dropped**. If the element\ninvolves a particle like に, で or と, the は is affixed to the end of the other\nparticle. The は tends to change the specific solid sentence element into a\nmore amorphous topic that's just \"floating around\" (if that makes sense), so\nit tends to take emphasis away from whatever it's affixed to. That's a massive\nsimplification of course, since there are other uses for は too, but this is a\ncommon one for it.\n\nFor example, let's examine the sentence 「アリスがケーキを食べている」, or \"Alice is eating\ncake\", where the emphasis is on Alice doing the cake-eating. Both\n「アリスは、ケーキを食べている」 and 「ケーキは、アリスが食べている」are valid \"topicalizations\" of the\nsentence, with the former having more emphasis on the action of eating cake\nand the latter on Alice of all people eating the cake. Notice how by both\n**changing the word order** and **changing what sentence element is made the\ntopic** is what adds some shift in emphasis; merely changing where the topic\nis in the sentence doesn't do that.\n\n(Also, this isn't related to the subject at hand, but the location is\ngenerally marked with を when using the verb 歩く; in Japanese, the locations is\nthough of as a thing that is walked, in the same vein as \"walking the plank\"\nin English.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-15T21:23:02.800",
"id": "78043",
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78039
| null |
78042
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78045",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A recipe for home-made ramen calls for オーション. I am having a hard time figuring\nout what that is exactly, having checked dictionaries and Google Translate to\nno avail.\n\nI did find several online shopping sites that sell オーション. Just to list a few:\n\n<https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%97%A5%E6%B8%85%E8%A3%BD%E7%B2%89-%E5%BC%B7%E5%8A%9B%E7%B2%89-%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3-25kg/dp/B005SQ0OZW>\n\n<https://tomiz.com/item/00000603>\n\nFrom their descriptions it seems オーション is just bread flour? Why is it called\nオーション?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T04:06:57.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78044",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-16T04:55:45.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is オーション and why is it called that?",
"view_count": 622
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes オーション is just one of the product names for flour sold by Nisshin.\n\nInformation is limited because it's not officially for retail. [This\nsite](https://www.e-sousyoku.com/) seems to have lots of official information\nabout professional-use flours sold by Nisshin, but unfortunately only experts\nand restaurant owners are allowed to access. Still, judging from [this search\nresult](https://shopping.yahoo.co.jp/search/%E6%97%A5%E6%B8%85%E8%A3%BD%E7%B2%89%20%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A6%E7%B2%89%20%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E7%94%A8/0/),\nI think it's safe to assume オーション is named after _ocean_ (or maybe its French\nequivalent _océan_ ).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T04:55:45.733",
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78044
|
78045
|
78045
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{
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"body": "I have read in Tae Kim's book that \"You can attach the inclusive particle 「も」\nto get 「ながらも」. This changes the meaning from \"while\" to \"Even while\".\"\n\nI personally do not like this translation and that's because the given\nexamples I will provide do not fit this translation.\n\nOn the JLPT Sensei website it translates 「ながらも」 as \"despite\" or \"although\". He\ngoes on to state that \"The 「も」 at the end is optional and is often just used\nas 「ながら」\". However, no matter how small a difference is there is always a\nreason for it, at least in my opinion.\n\nMy examples are taking from both sources.\n\nEx.\n\n> * 狭い **ながらも** 、このマンションは大好きだ。 \n> Despite it being small, I love this apartment.\n> * アナちゃんは子ども **ながらも** 、いろんなことを知っている。 \n> Although Anna-chan is just a child, she knows quite a lot of various\n> things.\n> * 貧乏 **ながらも** 、高級なバックを買っちゃったよ。 \n> Even while I'm poor, I ended up buying a high quality bag. (I would just\n> rather prefer \"despite\" or \"although\" being used here.)\n>\n\nTo summarize, I would like to know the subtle differences between using ながら\nand ながらも. I don't really agree with the Tae Kim explanation and it is non-\nexistent on the JLPT Sensei website so I thought I would pop my StackExchange\ncherry and ask it here.\n\nP.s. I know there is another ながら grammar structure that is similar to this but\nI know that they are different in meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T11:05:28.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78046",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-30T07:47:49.647",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-30T07:47:49.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "38800",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "ながら vs ながらも – what are the subtle differences?",
"view_count": 548
}
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[
{
"body": "\"ながら\" indicates 2 different things stand together so it's often used to show a\ncontrast. \"も\"(conjunctive particle) has meaning of explicit contrast\nconjunction like but/though/however/despite.\n\n> わたしは食べて **も** 太らない \n> I don't put on weight even though I eat much.\n\n\"も\" in \"ながらも\" works in the same way. So, in my sense, the difference between\n\"ながら\" and \"ながらも\" is quite slight and interchangeable each other basically but\n\"ながらも\" definitely emphasizes the contrast.\n\nIn a few cases like below examples we rarely put \"も\" maybe because the\ncontrast is not important.\n\n> 僭越ながら申し上げます。 \n> let me say one thing (although I'm afraid to say this)\n\n> 微力ながらお力添えできますと幸いです。 \n> I'm glad to help you (although my ability is limited)\n\n僭越ながら, 微力ながら, 及ばずながら, 陰ながら, etc are phrases to express modesty especially in\nformal scene. We could also put も at the end of them like 僭越ながら **も** , 微力ながら\n**も** but it's not common maybe because it sounds too modest. It's just like\nemphasizing the 'although' clause in the above examples.\n\n * さることながら (as well as)\n * 残念ながら (unfortunately)\n * 我ながら (blowing my own horn)\n\nThese phrases also rarely become ながらも. I haven't heard at least. That's\nprobably because the contrast meaning is very weak.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T12:52:17.600",
"id": "78101",
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78046
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78101
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78055",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand how to conjugate verbs like 「発する」, 「属する」, 「察する」 and\nthe like.\n\nIn a book I found 「発せられる」, which I think is the potential form of 「発する」, but\nit doesn't seem to follow the usual rules, so I was wondering: how about\ncausative, passive and other forms? Does it matter if the verb has a っ (はっする)\nor not (ぞくする)?\n\nI tried checking online, but I found both 「発せられる」 and 「発できる」 as potential (and\nIME recognize both), but I won't even be sure about how to read the latter\n(はっできる? はつできる? IME recognize the former) so I'm kind at a loss here.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T12:16:36.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78047",
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"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Conjugation of する verbs like 発する",
"view_count": 330
}
|
[
{
"body": "As [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/46878/5010) says, these\n\"special suru-verbs\" are tricky and unstable. They conjugate sometimes like a\nsuru-verb and sometimes like a godan-verb. However, they never turn to dekiru-\nform like normal suru-verbs do. That is, we can say 運転できる or 勉強できる but not\n属できる nor 発できる.\n\nOne workaround is to conjugate them as godan verbs (発せる, 属せる, 察せる). However,\nas the linked answer says, tendency to conjugate as a godan verb depends on\nthe verb. Among these three, I think 属せる is completely fine, but I feel 察せる is\nless common, and 発せる is unnatural (although understandable). Likewise, I feel\n属さない/属そう is fine but 発さない/発そう/察さない/察そう are unnatural if not wrong. This means\n属す(る) is more godan-like and 発する is more suru-verb-like in my mind.\n\nHow about 発せられる? This looks as if there were an ichidan verb 発せる, but actually\nせられる is an [archaic passive\nform](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/59114/5010) (e.g., 罰せられる is \"to be\npunished\" and 熱せられる is \"to be heated\"). 発せられる has a passive meaning (\"to be\nemitted\"), but from my experience せられる rarely has a potential meaning.\n\nFortunately, there is one safe approach that works regardless of the type of\nthe special suru-verb. Simply **use することができる** and say 発することができる, 属することができる\nand 察することができる! I think even native speakers often (unconsciously) take this\napproach when they are unsure.\n\nAnother approach is to use し得る and say 発し得る, etc., but this tends to mean\n\"possibly ～\" rather than \"is able to ～\", and sounds literary and stiff.\n\nRelated: [What are the valid potential forms of special \"suru\"\nverbs?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5113/5010)",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T00:22:49.483",
"id": "78055",
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}
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78047
|
78055
|
78055
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78056",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Looking for some helping understanding the end of the below (more in context,\nrather than literally what is said). I can see how it was translated but I am\nunsure what is correct. To provide some context, the protagonist has been\ncross-dressing (unwillingly) when his club were carrying out certain\nactivities and he has acquired quite a fan base with very few people outside\nhis club knowing this it is him. Now in return for allowing their club to keep\ntheir club room the chairman wants to have a personal photo session (個人撮影会).\n\n> みんなが俺を見ている。\n>\n> というか、視線で恫喝している。\n>\n> まさか断らねえよな、と言っている。\n>\n> 「で、でもほら……今日、汗かいちゃったし、恥ずかしいな」\n>\n> 「むしろ喜ばれるかと」\n>\n> 「事務所通してもらわないと」\n>\n> 「いいよー、行っといでー」\n>\n> 「いや、つーか、脱いだら男だってバレるし」\n>\n> 「そこがいいんだってさ」\n>\n> 「その委員長、終わってるじゃん」\n>\n> 「 **はじめからわかってるだろ** 」\n>\n> 総括すると、どうやら俺は売られたらしい。\n\nThe bold line was translated as \"He probably knew from the beginning.\" (i.e.\nthe chairman knew that it was him from the beginning) however I am not quite\nsure this is the correct translation of what was said. I would have expected\nthis to be phrased differently if she was saying that e.g. a sentence using\nバレている, 気づいている etc. To me I interpreted it as a response to the previous\ncomment. Could anyone help clarify the correct understanding?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T20:00:10.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78050",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T02:56:46.120",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-16T21:35:06.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "39161",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of はじめからわかってるだろ",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you are correct. It's a response to the previous comment, and the\ntranslation in this context is probably more like this:\n\n> そこがいいんだってさ。 \n> He said that (=脱いだら男) is exactly what he wants.\n>\n> その委員長、[終わってる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62169/5010)じゃん。 \n> That chairman is hopeless.\n>\n> はじめからわかってるだろ。 \n> **We** all knew that (=the chairman is hopeless) from the beginning, don't\n> we?\n\nそこ **が** いいんだ **って** さ (with exhaustive-listing-が and quotative って) means this\n委員長 is fully aware that he will take photos of a 女装男子.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T01:08:11.153",
"id": "78056",
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"parent_id": "78050",
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78050
|
78056
|
78056
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78052",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am pretty sure I have heard people saying お願い before making a request. For\nexample:\n\nお願いだ、部屋を綺麗にしてください。\n\nThe second sentence translates to \" **Please** clean your room\". So the\nquestion is, what is the purpose of the お願いだ? Translating it literally would\nmake \"Please, Please clean your room\"\n\nBy the above convention, if I were to say お願いだ、部屋を綺麗にして (no ください), will the\nsentence also mean \"Please clean your room\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T20:58:30.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78051",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T18:58:59.140",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T18:58:59.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What purpose does「お願いだ」serve?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here お願いだ is an intensifier that stresses the meaning being conveyed. The\nliteral meaning is something along the lines of \"This is my wish.\" Of course\nit is often translated as \"please\" in accordance with English speaking\ncustoms. Here as you have noted it presents a bit of an awkward translation\nissue with ください in the same sentence.\n\nI would understand or translate it as something like this:\n\n> Clean your room please. I am serious.\n>\n> Please clean your room. For real.\n\nOr more loosely:\n\n> Would you mind getting your room cleaned up?\n\nIt is used in other similar situations where you can safely translate it as\n\"please\".\n\n> 待ってくれ、お願いだ。 \n> Wait a sec, please!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T21:06:54.757",
"id": "78052",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"parent_id": "78051",
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"score": 5
}
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78051
|
78052
|
78052
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78054",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the function of と in this sentence kind of like the \"if\" と where there is\nan initial condition, that is followed by resulting condition?\n\nこの手紙から察すると彼は立腹してるようだ。\n\nFor example, \"I gathered from the letter\" RESULT -> \"He seems angry\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-16T22:44:03.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78053",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T00:32:51.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32713",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Function of と in the following sentence",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[
{
"body": "___から察すると means \"judging from ___\".\n\nHere __と can be analyzed to mean **\"if __\"** or **\"when __\"** (source: Makino\n& Tsutsui, Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar p. 480); i.e., the sentence\ncould be literally translated as \"If one judges from\" or \"When one judges\nfrom\".\n\nA similar use of __と would be 無用なものを入れると、無用なものしか取り出せない。 _If you put useless\nstuff in, you can only get useless stuff out_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T00:15:30.130",
"id": "78054",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "39163",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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78053
|
78054
|
78054
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78061",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In a sentence from the 犬夜叉 comic book, an old lady from ancient times is\nspeaking about her family. The context is that the speaker mentioned her\nsister 桔梗 in the previous panel, but the listener didn’t know who she was\ntalking about.\n\n> わしの姉は…桔梗といって **な** 、村を守る巫女だった。\n\nThe meaning of the sentence is quite clear to me, except for the な particle.\nMy tip would be that it marks an explanation, something like „you know“. But I\nwas unable to find any similar example attached to いって or て-form of any other\nverb.\n\nWhat is the role of the particle in that sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T05:36:04.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78058",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T08:44:57.453",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T07:43:46.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "10104",
"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles",
"manga",
"sentence-final-particles",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "Role of な in といってな",
"view_count": 521
}
|
[
{
"body": "This な is a masculine filler particle meaning nothing. If you know ね, さ or よ\nused like this, this な works the same way.\n\nExamples of filler-な:\n\n * [What is the にはな used for in the following sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72490/5010)\n * [Meaning of triple particle (?) のはな](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30042/5010)\n * [What do 「はな」 and 「いうとな」 mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27999/5010)\n\nAlso related:\n\n * [What does さあ (saa) mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14922/5010)\n * [Use of さ as a filler](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68203/5010)\n * [Spaces in children's books](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27624/5010)",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T08:28:29.230",
"id": "78059",
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{
"body": "Final particles ([ね](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AD/#jn-169590),\n[よ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%88/#jn-226011),\n[な](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AA/#jn-162229),\n[さ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%95/#jn-84242)) can be thrown in\nthe middle of a sentence in conversation as if fillers.\n\nThere are technically two types:\n\n 1. follows the first word/chunk of the sentence\n\n> それがね、本物のマツタケなんです _That one, see, is the real matsutake._\n\n> もしもね、ゾンビに襲われたら _If, I mean if, you're attacked by zombies..._\n\nIt is used to emphasize and draw hearer's attention. This can be also combined\nwith sentence-initial interjections or conjunctions such as あのね, いやな, だけどさ\netc.\n\n 2. used as many as needed between phrases\n\n> 君はね、責任というものをね、もう少し自覚してほしいんだ \n> _I think you should... be a bit more conscious... that you have a\n> responsibility._\n\n> それは少し違うね、タイプのゲーム機のね、話だと思いますが \n> _You must be talking about... a kind of different... type of game\n> console..._\n\nThis type is often heard while the speaker is giving a long story (or\nexplanation, persuasion etc.), like stopping at each corner to see if the\nhearer is following you. I can't think of a suitable English translation for\nthis; close to \"you see?\" or \"okay?\" but much more lightweight to be used\nrepeatedly.\n\nThe in-sentence final particles have no preference of words it attaches to, so\nyou see it wherever after a noun phrase (i.e. after particles), a verbal\ncomplex (i.e. fully conjugated chunk of simple or compound verbs) or a free\nword. Though less revelant to Japanese learning, it is known that their\ninsertable points denote breaking of 文節, a syntactic word in Japanese.\n\nBack to the original question, I think this な belongs the second usage I\ndescribed, and it has little grammatical meaning here except wanting to\nimpress her name more to the hearer, if any. The choice of な represents a old-\nfashioned/rustic character, and it would sound rather blunt in everyday speech\ntoday.",
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"creation_date": "2020-06-17T08:44:57.453",
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78058
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78061
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{
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"body": "I am reading a book and I saw that the word 寂しい can also be pronounced as さみしい\ninstead of the usual さばいしい. Are there any differences when pronounced as さみしい?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T08:31:58.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78060",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "寂しい pronounced さびしい and さみしい",
"view_count": 61
}
|
[] |
78060
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Are both of these formats interchangeable?:\n\nnoun の noun を する\n\nnoun + を + noun する\n\nFor example: _I'm going to practice the piano on Monday_\n\n> 月曜日に **ピアノの練習をする** つもりです\n>\n> (noun の noun を する)\n\n> 月曜日に **ピアノを練習する** つもりです\n>\n> (noun + を + nounする)\n\nDo both of these sentences work and make sentence? Do they mean the exact same\nor do they emphasise words differently?\n\nThis question is about all uses of both \"する formats\".",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-17T12:56:44.903",
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"owner_user_id": "36633",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"nouns"
],
"title": "noun + を + nounする vs noun の noun を する",
"view_count": 450
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the general answer to your question is \"yes\" (assuming the second\n\"noun\" is a する-verb noun), but I do think the flavor/meaning of the phrase\nchanges. I expect the differences are roughly equivalent to English \"I'm going\nto do some piano practice now\" vs \"I'm going to practice piano now\".\n\nIn general I'd expect をする to have the connotation of \"doing X\", whereas with\nsuru-verb noun + する (no を), you can more readily think of the noun+する as a\nsingle verb/word in its own right, at least in terms of translation.",
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"creation_date": "2020-06-18T15:41:27.557",
"id": "78086",
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"score": 2
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78062
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78086
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"body": "I was wondering what does いたまえ mean I really don't know the main word when I\nsearched and I don't know how it was conjugated this sentence was from\noregairu season 1 ep 4 near the start\n\n好きな者達と組んでもらうから そのつもりでいたまえ",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T13:06:16.213",
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"id": "78063",
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"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"conjugations",
"sentence"
],
"title": "what does いたまえ mean and how was it conjugated?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[] |
78063
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78081",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[This website](https://nihongokichijoji.blog.ss-blog.jp/2018-02-10) explains\nthat:\n\n> 「～ところへ／に」は、ある段階における状況を変化させるような出来事が起こることを表すと説明した方がいい。 \n> to indicate event that will change the situation in certain stage \n> (this is my own translation (it might be incorrect))\n\n> 「～ところで」は、前の動作が終わり、一区切りがついた時点で、後の変化が起きる、又は動作を起こす。 \n> In a point of time when the action is over and there's a break, another\n> action happens / perform another action \n> (this is my own translation too)\n\n> ふっとうしたところ **へ** とりにくを入れます。\n\nI think ところで is more suitable (even though I think it's wrong) in this\nsentence because 「前の動作が終わり、一区切りがついた時点で、後の変化が起きる、又は動作を起こす。」\n\n前の動作が終わり = ふっとうした 後の変化が起きる = 肉を入れます\n\nBut anyway, I feel like I don't understand the difference between ところで and\nところに/へ at all because when I feel it's unnatural when I use it. See also\n[Usage of ところ to represent time with に and\nで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/66698/usage-\nof-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%93%e3%82%8d-to-represent-time-with-%e3%81%ab-and-%e3%81%a7)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-17T16:04:56.943",
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"id": "78064",
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"owner_user_id": "38446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"に-and-で"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ところに/へ and ところで?",
"view_count": 1363
}
|
[
{
"body": "A simple explanation about the difference between ところに/へ and ところで is that the\nformer takes not only time but space aspect of an event into consideration.\n\n * _X_ ところで _Y_ : _Y_ at the same moment _X_ happens\n * _X_ ところへ/に _Y_ : _Y_ at the same moment, **same place** _X_ happens\n\n> ふっとうしたところ（へ／で）とりにくを入れます\n\nBoth will work in this example, because according to my common sense, it\ninstructs you to put chicken into the pot when water in it boils. However,\n\n> ○ ふっとうしたところ **で** とりにくをやきはじめます \n> × ふっとうしたところ **へ** とりにくをやきはじめます\n\nbecause, if I'm correct, you can't roast meat in the pot with boiling water\ninside. In order to do so, you have to bring another utensil to put your meat\nin, and it is not the **same place** the boiling takes place in.\n\nA little deeper reasoning for that is that へ/に are particles to mark the\ndestination of action (i.e. towards it), unlike で which denotes general\nbackground settings. Even they are idioms, their usages are bound by grammar.\nThat also means you can't use ところへ/に when the verb don't accept it.\n\n> ○ 渋谷を歩いているところに先生が来た \n> × 渋谷を歩いているところに先生と会った \n> ○ 先生が渋谷を歩いているところに会った\n\nWhen you use 会う \"meet / run into\" with the other one marked by と, you can no\nmore use に in this construction.",
"comment_count": 12,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-18T06:14:23.787",
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78064
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78081
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78067",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the phrase\n\n> 俺は学校にいたはずだ\n\nin a comic I'm trying to translate.\n\nI understand the statement means something like \"I should be at school!\". It\nlooks like 俺は学校に is setting up the speaker as the topic, and that the speaker\nshould be doing something at school.\n\nBut the difficult part for me is the verb, いたはずだ. I want to say it is a very\ncasual conjugation of the verb, いく, but I can only guess.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T17:52:45.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78065",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T18:20:49.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "39249",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Breaking down the phrase 俺は学校にいたはずだ",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[
{
"body": "The phrase means 'I must have been at school.' いた is the perfectly normal past\ntense of いる, and はず is not 'should' as in 'obliged to' but 'should' as in\n'it's probable that ...', for example 'By the time you get there it should\nalready be ready.'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T18:30:19.953",
"id": "78067",
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"score": 3
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78065
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78067
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78067
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{
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"body": "I was reading a manga called _Rengoku ni Warau_ and Kaishin said:\n\n * ったく、人をこき使いやがって\n\nあのジジィほっつき歩いてやがる\n\nJisho says that こき使い means pushing someone around or to work someone hard but\nit doesn't seem to fit with the context. Kaishin said that to Goemon, a fellow\nninja that was trying to convince him to desert the battlefield and who has\nbeen by Tanba's (ジジィ's) side for many years, so I don't think \"pushing someone\naround\" would be a good translation.\n\nMoreover, I would like to know the origin of こき使い's こき.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T18:42:50.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78068",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T22:56:20.793",
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"owner_user_id": "32264",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "How was こき使う formed?",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "こき使う is a compound verb made of\n[扱く](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%89%B1%E3%81%8F) and 使う. 扱く can be read both\nas こく and しごく (こく is less common), but they originally mean roughly the same\nthing, \"to rub/scrub\", and by extension, \"to work someone hard\". From\n[Compound Verb Lexicon](https://db4.ninjal.ac.jp/vvlexicon/db/):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K03d6.png)\n\nI don't know the story, but こき使う only means \"to work someone hard\". Do you\nunderstand 人 in this context probably refers to \"me\", the speaker? 人をこき使いやがって\nmeans \"[Someone] is driving me like a horse\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T22:56:20.793",
"id": "78072",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78071",
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"body": "I am learning the word for Christ, キリスト. According to the dictionary I make\nuse of, it can be written in kanji as 基督, but the entry indicates that it is\nan ateji 当て字 spelling. I did some extra research and the word appears as ateji\nin other sources too, for example in this [wikipedia\nentry](https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%93%E3%81%A6%E5%AD%97)\n. However, I think that the meanings of both kanji are far from random and\ninstead they actually suit the meaning of the word Christ:\n\n * 基 fundamental, radical\n * 督 coach, command, supervise\n\nFrom a believer's standpoint, Christ (or God) is the fundamental actor that\nsupervises our lives, so it kind of makes sense meaning-wise. Why is 基督 marked\nas an ateji then?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-17T19:52:14.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78070",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-17T20:36:00.337",
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"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"ateji"
],
"title": "Is 基督{キリスト} really an 当{あ}て字{じ}?",
"view_count": 431
}
|
[
{
"body": "The use of ateji does not always disregard the semantic content of the\ncharacters.\n\nIt's true that many ateji use the phonetic content of individual characters to\nrepresent words, ignoring the meaning of those characters. But sometimes the\ncharacters are chosen so that the meaning is also relevant. This is known as\nphono-semantic matching.\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateji#Phono-semantic_matching) gives\nthe well-known examples of 倶楽部 (くらぶ) and 合羽 (かっぱ), where both the semantic and\nphonetic content are matched. I haven't done a detailed search of the\netymology of 基督, but if the semantic content of the characters is related to\nthe overall meaning of the word, this does not preclude it from being assigned\nas ateji.",
"comment_count": 0,
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78070
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78071
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78071
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{
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"body": "From an English perspective--including mine since I'm learning Japanese using\nEnglish, I felt that 違う sounded strong, this may be from the tendency to\nrespect others' opinions on English, that implying others to be wrong may be\nseen as rude. But from the situation that I've seen it was used, and based on\na native I asked; 違う was used freely like a 'no' in English when you disagree\nwith the information being said. For example, if we were asked ”大学生ですか” the\nnative Japanese that I asked said it's fine to reply with ”違います” if we aren't,\nand that it can be used in other formal situations. But another non-native yet\nadvanced Japanese speaker claimed the word to be strong and can be rude. I\nknow since I already got confirmation from a native speaker, it should be\ndone, but I'm seeking more info, when is it fine to use 違う and can it be rude?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-18T00:18:11.440",
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"owner_user_id": "38647",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "When is it fine to use 違う?",
"view_count": 216
}
|
[
{
"body": "違う has another meaning: \"Different\".\n\n君は他の人と違う。\n\nThis sentence is not impolite。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-18T00:32:55.643",
"id": "78075",
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{
"body": "I rather read your remark on English connotation interestingly, but anyway,\nthere do exist some cases where the superficial form and the meaning 違う, in\nany language.\n\nEffectively, you can just take 違う as Japanese way to say \"it's not\", because:\n\n> あなたはプログラミングしますか？ [ordinary verb] \n> → いいえ、しません。\n\n> あなたはプログラマーですか？ [copula] \n> → いいえ、プログラマーじゃありません。 (too long!) \n> → いいえ、*じゃありません。 (ungrammatical!) \n> → いいえ、違います。\n\nSo this is our pragmatic solution for this specific linguistic problem, and\nnot much related to anything cultural. Incidentally, in casual speech we\nsometimes simply say じゃない（です） in this context, which is obviously not a good\ngrammar, but as short as 違います／違う in mora count.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2020-06-18T06:53:44.060",
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78073
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78082
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78075
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"body": "What's the difference between using のか and か in asking a question. From what I\nknow, の and か really turns the sentence into a question, the latter being the\npolite version. So what's the point really in using both の and か\n\nそれは魚じゃないのか それは魚じゃないか",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T00:48:06.553",
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"id": "78077",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "のか vs か in asking a question",
"view_count": 120
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[
{
"body": "Simplified answer for now: 「それは魚じゃないのか」 feels to me like 'Wait, that's not a\nfish?' or 'So it wasn't a fish after all.' 「それは魚じゃないか」feels to me more like\n'That's obviously a fish!' (maybe someone said they'd bring chicken for dinner\nand brought fish instead).\n\nEDIT: Okay, asking a question with のか often indicates that something is\ncontrary to what you originally thought. Maybe you thought dolphins were fish,\nand somebody tells you they're mammals - you might say 「魚じゃないのか？」 then. Or\nyour spouse told you yesterday you were having fish tomorrow, but today they\nsay they're going to get beef - that's another situation in which you might\nsay it.\n\nMeanwhile, じゃないか, a lot of the time, isn't so much a question as a strong\nassertion. Somebody asks you if sharks are mammals - 「いや、魚じゃないか！」And, of\ncourse, relating to my previous examples, your spouse told you before they\nwent shopping that they'd get some chicken, and they come back with fish\ninstead - 「魚じゃないか」. I feel like this also inidcates a bit of surprise, but\nmaybe I'm wrong on that.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T01:31:09.040",
"id": "78078",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-18T02:25:15.793",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-18T02:25:15.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "78077",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78077
| null |
78078
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78080",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I encountered the sample sentence for 発信, I read this:\n\n> インターネットを使えば、誰でも世界に情報を発信することができる。\n\nThis reminded me of 配信 which I usually see online (especially on YouTube). How\nare these two words different?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T01:36:19.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78079",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-18T10:12:51.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 発信 and 配信",
"view_count": 606
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both 配信 and 発信 roughly mean \"delivering the same information/message to\n**many** people\".\n\n**配信** is used when:\n\n * the information is individually sent to subscribers or someone who actively requested it\n * the sender knows who the receiver is\n * the focus is on the delivery technology (caching, networking, ...)\n\n**発信** is used when:\n\n * the information is emitted to the general public without specified receiver\n * the sender does not know who will receive the message in advance\n * the focus is on the content of the message (often related to an opinion, news, fashion trend, etc)\n\nFor example, 配信 is done by Netflix, YouTube, a\n[CDN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network), a mailing list\nsystem, etc. 発信 is done by a conventional radio station, an SOS radio beacon,\na personal website, or even a fashion magazine.\n\nIn addition, 発信 also means \"starting a phone call\", in which case the antonym\nis 着信.\n\nIf the receiver is a single person/server, you can just use 送信.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T02:54:36.593",
"id": "78080",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-18T10:12:51.737",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-18T10:12:51.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78079",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
78079
|
78080
|
78080
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am confused about a certain usage of 写る, that i have encountered in example\nsentences.\n\nAn Anki deck I use presented: このカメラはよく写りますよ。The given translation is \"This\ncamera takes good pictures.\"\n\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%86%99%E3%82%8B) lists: 暗くてもよく写るフィルム\n\nFrom the translations given for the word and from other example sentences, it\nseems to me that the subject of the verb is the thing that is photographed (or\nseen through something). However, in the sentences above カメラ and フィルム,\nrespectively, have seemingly taken on that role. In these sentences I would\nhave expected a transitive verb, like 写す.\n\nCan someone shed some light on how these expressions are constructed?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T13:21:11.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78083",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T05:01:05.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33552",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"verbs",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Confusing usage of 写る",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could consider two interpretations.\n\n 1. Omission from double nominative このカメラは 対象が よく写る\n 2. よく写る itself expresses a capability.\n\nIncidentally, you can't really use 写す when the camera is the subject because\nit's an inanimate object, which doesn't take actions at its own will.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T05:01:05.970",
"id": "78092",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T05:01:05.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "78083",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78083
| null |
78092
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was reading\n[this](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012473731000/k10012473731000.html)\nand came across a use of など where I wasn't confident in my interpretation:\n\n> アメリカから来た人が５０人、中国とインドが３０人、韓国とフランスが２０人 **など** でした。\n\nMy interpretation of this sentence is \"50 people came (to Japan) from America,\n30 people came from China and India (each), and 20 people came from Korea and\nFrance (each).\" Reading the sentence gives me the sense that this list isn't\nexhaustive, so people from other countries than those listed also came to\nJapan.\n\nHowever, I have really only seen など used after nouns in a list, or sometimes\njust after one noun that is a part of an unwritten list. I can see a list\nbeing :\n\n> アメリカから来た人と、中国から来た人と、インドから来た人と、韓国から来た人と、フランスから来た人 **など** でした。\n\nand then obviously wanting to get rid of the repetitive から来た人 phrase, and then\nadding the people counter to specify the number per country.\n\nIn this sentence would the \"phrase\" 中国とインドが３０人 be considered the \"noun\" in the\nlist or is it more the just phrase アメリカから来た人 that are being listed?\n\nAdditionally, does it give any sense that the numbers are approximate values?\nIt seems unlikely that a multiple of 10 people came from each of the countries\nlisted.\n\nFinally, would changing the copula to ありました be an acceptable substitution when\nusing など like this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T15:31:21.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78085",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T05:06:27.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34051",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"sentence",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "Use of など after a counter",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "If it's actually supposed to continue like \"インドネシアが１０人、オーストラリアが…\", you can\nsubstitute など for that part.\n\n> In this sentence would the \"phrase\" 中国とインドが３０人 be considered the \"noun\" in\n> the list or is it more the just phrase アメリカから来た人 that are being listed?\n\nThe former interpretation seems reasonable to me, in other words, 中国とインド is a\nmetonym for those who came from the indicated places, like ぼくがウナギだ as in an\norder in a restaurant or こんにゃくは太らない、砂糖が太る as in diet.\n\nAnyway, ３０人 is an adverb as a predicate like 走りが ゆっくりだ as opposed to ゆっくり走る.\n\n> would changing the copula to ありました be an acceptable substitution when using\n> など like this?\n\nNo, that doesn't work regardless of など because you don't really apply ある to 人.\nHowever, いる would be fine, and in that case, ３０人 would be a typical adverb\nlike ゆっくり走る as opposed 走りがゆっくりだ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T04:38:22.867",
"id": "78091",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T04:38:22.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "78085",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "There seems to be two things to explain in your question.\n\nFirst, what you can list with など. Nouns and verbs (predicates). This is\nactually not relevant to など, but those that can be listed as items in Japanese\nby their basic form. Other word classes cannot be coordinated likewise unless\nconverted into a noun.\n\n> ○ 走りには楽に、ゆっくり、速く、とても速くなどのモードがある \n> × 選手はそれぞれ楽に、ゆっくり、速く、とても速くなど走っている\n\nThose listed in examples above are adverbs, but the first one is valid because\nthey are merely used as names of \"setting modes\" (of auto-driving car, maybe),\nthus effectively nouns. When you try to list them as adverbs themselves, it\nbecomes ungrammatical.\n\nFor verbs, you can also factor out their conjugation with する.\n\n> 煮る、焼く、炒める、揚げるなどして加工する \n> （= 煮て加工する、焼いて加工する、炒めて……）\n\nSecond, what is 「アメリカから来た人が５０人」? You are right that all items can be expanded\nlike 「中国とインドから来た人が３０人」, but then what are all these things? A noun cannot be\nqualified by ～が (plus, counter is adverb, so to speak), so this only can be a\npredicate (clause) as a whole. Combined with what said above, it is like:\n\n> アメリカから来た人が５０人、中国とインドが３０人、韓国とフランスが２０人などでした \n> （= アメリカから来た人が５０人でした、中国とインド（から来た人）が３０人でした、韓国とフランス（から来た人）が２０人でした、……）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T05:42:56.210",
"id": "78093",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T05:54:16.930",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-19T05:54:16.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "78085",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "など = such as/etc.\n\nFrom the original source:\n\n> 日本政府観光局によりますと先月、日本を訪れた外国人旅行者は、推計で1700人にとどまり、277万人だった去年の同じ月と比べて99.9％減りました。\n\n>\n> 国や地域別では、アメリカが50人、中国とインドが30人、韓国とフランスが20人にとどまりました。台湾やタイ、ドイツ、カナダやオーストラリアなど幅広い国と地域で10人を下回りました。\n\n> According to the Tourism Bureau, the number of foreigners visiting Japan\n> last month was estimated at 1700, a decrease of 99.9% from the same month\n> last year, which was 2.77 million. ... By country and region, the numbers\n> [of visitors] stayed at 50 from the United States, 30 from China and India,\n> and 20 from South Korea and France. There were less than 10 people from a\n> wide range of countries and regions such as Taiwan, Thailand, Germany,\n> Canada and Australia.\n\nSo for your original simplified article, I'd translate it as:\n\n> アメリカから来た人が５０人、中国とインドが３０人、韓国とフランスが２０人などでした。\n\n> Visitors from America was at 50, China and India, 30, South Korea and\n> France, 20, etc.\n\n-- Starfox",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-22T05:06:27.873",
"id": "78149",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T05:06:27.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39435",
"parent_id": "78085",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
78085
| null |
78091
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I just listened to 高気圧ガール by Tatsuro Yamashita and I came across **連れておくれ**\nfor the first time. So I was just wondering what role the **おくれ** part plays\nhere.\n\nFirst verse for context:\n\n> なめらかな白い 砂は 溜息の 照り返し\n>\n> しなやかな南風は 舞い上がる 長い 髪\n>\n> 2000マイル飛び越えて 迎えに 来たのさ\n>\n> \"Come with me\"\n>\n> 連れて行っておくれどこまでも",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T21:12:30.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78087",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-18T22:02:52.383",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-18T22:02:52.383",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39118",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "meaning of \"おくる\" in this sentence",
"view_count": 30
}
|
[] |
78087
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78097",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "They both mean \"specimen\", right?\n\nAm I right in assuming that 見本 is for goods, products on sale but 標本 is for\nzoological samples, etc.?\n\nI checked the sample sentences on Weblio just to check the usual collocations\nand here's what I found:\n\n> **見本** ：見本売買、書籍の見本\n\n> **標本** ：動物標本、植物標本",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-18T23:59:42.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78088",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T08:06:47.453",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-19T00:05:36.747",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 見本 and 標本?",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "The meaning of 標 in this compound is \"show\", whereas 見 means \"view\" (source:\nスーパー大辞林). So though both could be translated to \"specimen\", 標本 emphasizes the\nspecies or type whose characteristics are shown (e.g., a botanical specimen),\nwhereas 見本 emphasizes the viewing or examination of those characteristics\n(e.g., a commercial sample). Indeed, 見本 would usually translate best as\n\"sample\", rather than \"specimen\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T02:51:54.867",
"id": "78089",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T02:56:49.493",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-19T02:56:49.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "39163",
"owner_user_id": "39163",
"parent_id": "78088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "標本 refers to lifeforms (plants, animals, fishes, insects or sometimes even\nhumans) or natural materials (rocks, meteorites, etc.) that are preserved and\nused for scientific purposes.\n\n見本 refers to product samples, test products, dummies or mockups that are used\nto show how the real/final products look like. It may or may not be fully\nfunctional (書籍の見本 may have blank pages if it's for checking the bookbinding).\nIt also means the same thing as 手本 (\"examples for practice\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T07:45:55.390",
"id": "78096",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T07:45:55.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "**見本** is something that has a value being similar to the \"real thing\" that\nyou can get otherly. Most times in daily life, this is what we expect\nspecimens to be. It thus is not necessary to be an instance of \"real things\",\nsuch as specimens of banknotes or\n[food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_model).\n\nIt also has a meaning \"good example (for you to imitate)\" (= 手本).\n\n**標本** is, conversely in some ways, something that has a value being a factual\nevidence that other things are also like it. For example, a zoological\nspecimen is actually not a \"typical example\" of that species, but the\n\"definition\" itself, where another individual is judged whether being the same\nspecies by comparing against it (for this reason, a common species' scientific\nname is occasionally forced to be changed when they find out the alleged\nspecimen is not identical to what they intended). A boring sample of earth, a\nmoon's stone, and a set of statistical questionnaire data are not \"imitation\",\nbut actual primary sources for researchers to understand what the whole other\npart of reality (which is hard to obtain) is like.\n\nWe use the loanword **サンプル** in the same way as English too, but it can often\nmean 試供品 (freebie or demo).\n\nSpecimen for testing is yet another problem: **試料** (or 試験片, 供試体 etc.) in\nengineering fields and **検体** in medical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T08:06:47.453",
"id": "78097",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T08:06:47.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "78088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78088
|
78097
|
78096
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78099",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I checked the Weblio sentences for 近々 and I saw this:\n\n> We are to start shortly. 近々に出発の予定です.\n\nThis reminded me of 間もなくwhich I often hear in trains. What is the difference\nbetween the two?\n\nI checked some links [here](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/2904961) and\n[here](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/5618140). What are your thoughts on\nthis?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T05:55:11.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78094",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T12:19:21.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 近々 and 間もなく?",
"view_count": 463
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Range of Time**\n\n近々 is in several days, months, or (possibly) years. I wouldn't say 近々 in\nseveral minutes or hours. 間もなく is used in wider range of time.\n\n**Relevance of Time**\n\n近々 can only be used as the 'soon' from current time, while 間もなく can be used\nwith relative time.\n\n> そのチケットは販売開始から **間もなく** 売り切れた\n\n> The tickets was sold out right after started to sell.\n\nYou can't replace this sentence with 近々.\n\n**Other Nuance**\n\n近々 also has a nuance like something coming. \n間もなく often focuses on people who are waiting for something. It originally\nmeans \"no time (to wait)\". So in many cases, it's used for people to accept\nwaiting for more seconds. \"間もなく列車が参ります\" (A train is arrived in a second) is\nvery famous phrase in urban area of Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T12:19:21.803",
"id": "78099",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T12:19:21.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38911",
"parent_id": "78094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78094
|
78099
|
78099
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78103",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Okay, please go to google translate first and set the language on **Dutch** ,\nAfter that type in \"Joeri\", The thing I just can't get to sound right in\nkatakana writing is the \"oe\" sound. How should I write this or is this not\npossible?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T16:01:42.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78102",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T02:39:55.510",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "I can write katakana and hiragana but I cannot piece together how i would write my own name in japanese due to a difficult sound in it",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "If we believe what [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joeri) says:\n\n> **Joeri** (/ˈjuːri/) is a Dutch transliteration of the Slavic masculine\n> given name Yury (George) and as such a given name in Belgium and the\n> Netherlands since the early 1960s.\n\nThe pronunciation (/ˈjuːri/) would be rendered ユーリ{HLL}. [ー represents long\nvowel](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/77373/7810) (mostly in foreign\nword). Note that Japanese ウ sound has less roundness and backness than typical\n[[u]], that means people (especially in Tokyo) would pronounce it more like\n\"juuri\" or \"jeuri\", but it can't be helped.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-19T16:37:18.880",
"id": "78103",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-19T16:37:18.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "78102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I would write it out as ユゥリ. That would put more emphasis on the [oe] sound\nrather than ユーリ but not as much [u] sound if it was ユウリ.\n\n-- Starfox",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-06-22T02:39:55.510",
"id": "78145",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-22T02:39:55.510",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39435",
"parent_id": "78102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
78102
|
78103
|
78103
|
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