question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76890",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been communicating back and forth with my host family in Japan.\n\nWe recently talked about a picture that I sent involving my backyard and my\nhost mom used the kanji 庭（にわ） which means garden or yard.\n\nMy yard actually has a garden in it though. Is she talking about the yard as a\nwhole or the garden in it? Is this an ambiguous case? How would I ask if she\nmeant the garden explicitly or the yard as a whole?\n\n**EDIT 0:** In the US, yard typically means the region in back of a house,\nwhereas garden typically means a region for growing food.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T03:33:22.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76876",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T18:17:53.780",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-28T18:17:53.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "4245",
"owner_user_id": "4245",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "庭 & Ambiguity of Yard or Garden?",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "庭 refers to a (wide but usually enclosed) place adjacent to a house. Assuming\nyour yard looks like this, 庭 refers to everything in this picture, including\nthe brick-paved part.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OrLOMm.jpg)\n\nYour \"garden\" may be\n[花壇](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E8%8A%B1%E5%A3%87),\n[家庭菜園](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E8%8F%9C%E5%9C%92),\n[庭園](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E6%B4%8B%E9%A2%A8%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92),\n[ガーデン](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3)\nor [植木](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E6%A4%8D%E6%9C%A8) in\nJapanese. It's possible to explain the difference in sentences, but perhaps\nit's best to see images, so please check the links.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T08:25:41.630",
"id": "76890",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T10:45:40.477",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-28T10:45:40.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76876",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
76876
|
76890
|
76890
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76885",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In my work book 代表的 has a few meanings, typical and representative. So when\nyou say 代表的な人 does this mean a typical person or representative person? Surely\nhaving both these meanings for this word must be very confusing?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T03:55:30.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76877",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-05T01:21:06.403",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-05T01:21:06.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "38484",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "代表的な correct meaning",
"view_count": 277
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unfortunately, there is no one-to-one correspondence between English words and\nJapanese words, and we really have to live with the fact that 代表的 means both\n\"typical\" and \"representative.\" If you want to unambiguously mean typical, I\nthink 一般の〜 or 普通の〜 would be a good choice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T06:41:20.563",
"id": "76883",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T06:41:20.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"parent_id": "76877",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "代表的 is a na-adjective that means \"representative\" in the sense of \"most\nsignificant and typically represents the characteristics of an idea/group\".\n\n * 『ひまわり』はゴッホの代表的な作品です。 \n_Sunflowers_ is a representative work by Gogh.\n\n * 古代ギリシャの哲学者として代表的な人を3人挙げてください。 \nName three representative people who are philosophers of the ancient Greek.\n\n典型的 (\"typical\") is a similar word, but 代表的 takes into account the\nimportance/significance of the modified thing among the group. You can say\n僕の妹は典型的なケチだ (\"My sister is a typical miser\") but not 僕の妹は代表的なケチだ unless your\nsister is nationally known as a typical miser.\n\n\"Representative\" as a noun that refers to a person is 代表者.\n\n * 私は我が社の代表者です。 \nHe is a representative of our company.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T06:57:36.970",
"id": "76885",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-25T10:58:29.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-25T10:58:29.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76877",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
76877
|
76885
|
76885
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76881",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "From what I understand, すぎ means too much, till the point it is bad. For\nexample 食べすぎ would mean \"eating way too much (and it's not good)\". So how\nwould one say \"eating too much (and it's good)\"? Can すぎ be used here? Or a\nbetter example, \"I love my wife too much (and it is a good thing)\". Would 好きすぎ\nmake it sound like it's a bad thing to love my wife too much?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T04:52:47.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76879",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T00:14:15.483",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-28T05:21:54.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "すぎ to mean too much but in a good way",
"view_count": 1063
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, adding すぎる to the end of a noun, verb, or adjective does not necessarily\nimply that being too much of something is bad, though we generally only use it\nthis way colloquially.\n\nSome examples:\n\n彼は大人(っぽ)すぎて本当に尊敬するわ。 \nHe's so mature and I really respect him for that.\n\n妻の料理が好きすぎてたまんない！ \nI love my wife's cooking soooo f**king much!!\n\nさっきの犬可愛すぎる！ \nThat dog we just passed was sooooo cute!\n\nIt all depends on context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T05:12:44.987",
"id": "76880",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T05:12:44.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35632",
"parent_id": "76879",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "I think the usage of すぎる parallels that of \"too much\" — usually \"too much\"\nmeans that it's \"so much that it's something negative\".\n\nBut colloquially, this can be used for emphasis, as in \"so much that it is\n(almost) too much\", meaning \"very much\" but in a _positive_ (rather than a\nnegative) way. (See also [What does できなさすぎる\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66645/1628))\n\nFor example, if you say\n\n> おいしくて食べすぎた\n\nit will (in the right context) be understood as something positive, just like\n\"it was so good that I ate too much\". Similarly,\n\n> 好きすぎて困る \n> I love him/her so much it's bad",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T05:20:32.353",
"id": "76881",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T00:14:15.483",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-06T00:14:15.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "76879",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "As others have noted, すぎ can imply both depending on the contest. But it's\nmostly used in a positive way.\n\n> For example 食べすぎ would mean \"eating way too much (and it's not good)\"\n\nIf you want to express regret from the action that you did, you can use the て\nform + しまう.\n\nThis form is used to express an action that has taken place unintentionally\nwith unsatisfactory results.\n\nEx:\n\nI eat too much. (you regret it because you think it's unhealthy or you are\ngoing to gain weight. No matter what the reason is)\n\n食べてしまいました。\n\n**Note** しまう cannot be used to express regret concerning an action not taking\nplace. For instance, you cannot use it to say \"Regrettably, X didn't take\nplace\" or \"Unfortunately, I didn't do X\"\n\n**Edit** \"You use すぎる when something is beyond normal or proper, suggesting\nthat you do not welcome it. Thus 親切すぎます (too kind) for example is not a\nstraightforward compliment. Use modifiers like とても and すごく if you simply want\nto say that something is in a high degree.\"\n\nSource Genki 1 Page 272",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T21:11:43.300",
"id": "76902",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-29T18:56:34.460",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-29T18:56:34.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "38674",
"owner_user_id": "38674",
"parent_id": "76879",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
76879
|
76881
|
76881
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76888",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "We can replace ない with ん is what I read, but I have only ever seen it in group\n2 verbs(ごだん). For example: 知らん、ならん. The question is, is it possible to use it\nin group 1 verbs（いちだん）? For example: 諦めん?\n\nAlso, I read that it is not possible to modify a verb ending with ん. But is it\npossible to add a ぞ、ぜ、よ？For example: 諦めんぞ",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T06:53:13.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76884",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T07:56:21.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "ん replacing ない for group 1 verbs (いちだん)",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes you can say ん instead of ない with ichidan verbs. You can say 諦めん, 食べん or\neven 見ん, 着ん, 出ん.\n\n> But is it possible to add a ぞ、ぜ、よ？ For example: 諦めんぞ\n\nThat's also possible, but they may result in an unexpected ambiguity if used\nwith ichidan verbs. んぞ/んぜ/んよ is also a colloquial variation of るぞ/るぜ/るよ,\nrespectively. Thus, 諦めんぞ may mean both 諦めないぞ (\"I won't give up\") and 諦めるぞ\n(\"Let's give up now\") depending on the context. If I understand correctly,\nthis ambiguity does not happen with godan verbs: 走らんぞ (走らないぞ; \"I won't run\")\nvs 走んぞ (走るぞ; \"Let's run!\")",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T07:16:08.833",
"id": "76888",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T07:56:21.937",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-28T07:56:21.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76884",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
76884
|
76888
|
76888
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76892",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard a song going 本当の本当の本当の気持ち. The question is, what does this do? Does it\nstrengthen the noun or is it ungrammatical? Or another example: 絶対の絶対",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T07:02:24.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76886",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T09:50:34.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "chaining the same noun with の",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "> _what does this do?_\n\nWell, emotionally, it emphasizes 本当 or 絶対 as many times as it repeats, just\nsimilar to \"so so dumb\" and \"very very very important\" in English.\n\nAnd grammatically, it _is_ valid. 本当の本当の本当の気持ち can be parsed simply as `[true\n[true [true feeling]]]`, except what it denotes is not really apparent. It\nalso reminds me of wordplays like ～なくなくなくなくない？, which has nothing\nungrammatical, but redundant because double negative just yields positive.\nIncidentally, it's only an extended version of ～なくない？ in practice, regardless\nof parity.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T09:50:34.383",
"id": "76892",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T09:50:34.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "76886",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
76886
|
76892
|
76892
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 一般的にどうかは置いといて、私の場合は遠のいているかもですね(笑) 実際してないですし\n\nSo the person (female CEO) is asked about if marriage and birth hinder ones\njob, so she answer with this. Does どうかは置いといて mean \"not to mind it\"?\n\n> 結婚も考えた時に完全に私のほうが収入も上がるし、役職も上がるしって思ったんですけど(笑)\n\nIs she saying that she preferred increasing the income and having a promotion\nover marriage\n\nContext:\n\n> 就活している中で、私は将来、結婚したいなっていう気持ちもあるんですが。そこのところはどうですか? 出世で遠のいてしまうイメージがあるので。\n>\n> 一般的にどうかは置いといて、私の場合は遠のいているかもですね(笑)\n> 実際してないですし。これまでも打診を受けるたびに悩みました。初めてマネージャーになる時に、当時付き合っていた方がいて。結婚も考えた時に完全に私のほうが収入も上がるし、役職も上がるしって思ったんですけど(笑)\n> でも、その役職を引き受けるって決めて。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T07:06:43.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76887",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T07:52:25.497",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of どうかは here?",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "This どう \"how; what about\" refers to the same どう asked by the questioner\n(そこのところは **どう** ですか). 一般的にどうか forms an [embedded\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/13038/5010).\n\n> **一般的にどうか** は置いといて、...\n>\n> Putting aside **how it is in general** , (personally) ...\n\nThis は is a contrastive-wa (\"general expectation\" vs \"personal experience\").\nHere, she is talking about her personal experience, but she does not want her\nexperience to be generalized to the public.\n\n> Is she saying that she preferred increasing the income and having a\n> promotion over marriage\n\nNo. At least at this point, being a manager and being married were not\nmutually-exclusive options to her. Her concern here was \"what happens if I\nchose **both**?\", i.e., achieving a higher income and social status _than her\nhusband_. This is still seen as atypical in Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T07:52:25.497",
"id": "76889",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T07:52:25.497",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76887",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
76887
| null |
76889
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76895",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a doubt about the correct way of writing my name in katakana. My name\nis Giulio, it is an Italian name. When I started learning Japanese, my teacher\nwrote it as ジュリオ. However, later I found a book in which my name was written\nas ジューリオ. Searching the internet, I've found both instances, for example:\n\n 1. ジュリオ:\n\n * [ジュリオ・アンドレオッティ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3), a politician\n 2. ジューリオ:\n\n * [オルタ・サン・ジューリオ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA) a place whose name comes from that of a person, San Giulio (St. Julius)\n * [ジューリオ・アグリーコラ駅](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E9%A7%85_\\(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%89%84\\)) the name of an underground station of the Rome Metro (and \"Giulio Agricola\" is written in Italian, not Latin)\n\nLooking [here](https://jisho.org/search/giulio), I see that ジュリオ is used more\noften than ジューリオ. Personally, since I read it in a book, in a section\ndedicated to the Italian names in katakana, I've always used ジューリオ.\n\nWhat do you think about it?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T09:54:44.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76893",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T12:02:05.087",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-28T12:02:05.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "38687",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"names"
],
"title": "The name ジューリオ: is it wrong to write it like this?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "Based on my experience, my opinion is that you can choose how to write it.\n\nSimilarly to you, my name can be written in katakana either with or without\nthe long vowel (ー). And I can also find precedents where my name has been\ntranslated both with and without it. Personally, I like the way it sounds\nbetter without the long vowel so I just use that one. I've used that spelling\nfor years with no problems. Since there are precedents for both ways of\nspelling your name I think neither one is incorrect. (Just make sure that you\npick only one of them and use it for all official paperwork. You don't want to\nbe in a position where you have a different name on your visa then on your\nbank account/employment contract/etc.)\n\nKeep in mind that this is not the case for katakana words that aren't your\nname. For example ビル (building) and ビール (beer) are very different depending on\nwhether you stretch out the ビ. All (or almost all) katakana place names (like\nアメリカ or シカゴ) have one correct way of spelling them. And if someone already has\ntheir katakana name spelled in a certain way (e.g. for Giulio Andreotti it is\nspelled ジュリオ) then it would be incorrect to spell it differently when\nreferring to that person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T10:47:16.470",
"id": "76895",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T10:58:51.977",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-28T10:58:51.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "38745",
"owner_user_id": "38745",
"parent_id": "76893",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
76893
|
76895
|
76895
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the expression 山と積む (meaning 山ように積む , I think) I can't understand the\ngrammatical function of this と.\n\nIs there any omission after と in the phrase? Or is this a use of と that I\ndon't recognize? Or maybe it is just a set expression, and this と doesn't\nconvey any grammatical meaning?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T11:55:06.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76896",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T18:00:37.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38687",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "山と積む: what does this と mean?",
"view_count": 317
}
|
[
{
"body": "One of the \"と\" functions is making a metaphor. As mmtootmm comments, this case\n\"と\" can be paraphrased as \"のように\".\n\nThese are some examples:\n\n山と積まれた放射性廃棄物は現在，深刻な憂慮の対象となっている。= The mounting piles of radioactive waste are a\npresent cause for genuine concern.\n\nもし船長が「メーデー」を発信しなかったら，ノーティカル･レガシー号は海の藻屑（もくず）と消えていただろう。 = Without the captain\nmaking the Mayday call, the \"Nautical Legacy\" would never have been found.\n\nPS: Here is an explanation from 広辞苑:\n\nと（助詞） ➊(格助詞) 体言あるいはこれに準ずる語句、または文に付く。\n\n 3. ある事物・状態であると認定して資格を与える。指定の助動詞「たり」の連用形に相当する。\n\n㋒ **比喩を表す**\n。…と同じように。…のごとくに。古今和歌集秋「たちどまり見ても渡らむ紅葉は雨―降るとも水はまさらじ」。夫木和歌抄18「月日のみ流るる水―早ければ老のそこより年はかへらず」。「玉―散る」\n\nSo と is used to make a metaphor（比喩）. Of course not for all metaphor. I think\nthis usage of と is very limited, only for some idiomatic phrases like we're\nseeing here.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T20:24:01.063",
"id": "76901",
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"score": 4
}
] |
76896
| null |
76901
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76899",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "`姉妹を想うが故に風太郎とは反発してる。` \nI am a bit confused by the とは where I would have expected a に/には. I don't\nquite know what function the と serves in this case and how the meaning would\ndiffer from に/には.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T13:41:51.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76898",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "37239",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Why is とは used over に in this Sentence?",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "とは is both directional(S and 風太郎 反発 each other) but には is single\ndirectional(Only S 反発 to 風太郎). It's difference between と and に. So, in this\nsentence, と/に/には can also be expected.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T15:45:20.797",
"id": "76899",
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76898
|
76899
|
76899
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76910",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read this [Is it correct to say\n私は二人のお兄さんがいる?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32770/is-it-\ncorrect-to-\nsay-%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8A%E5%85%84%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B)\n\n> **_Yoichi Oishi:_** With the expression – “私は二人のおにいさんがいる,” your friend is\n> right. “私は兄がいる” sounds somewhat awkward, and “私には兄がいる” sounds perfect.\n\nand it says it's unnatural if you don't use には. But a lot of native speakers\ncorrected my incorrect sentence of\n\n> 彼に兄弟がいます。\n\nto\n\n> ①彼は兄弟がいます\n\nIs there actually a に that is omitted in the corrected sentence so it is\nactually\n\n> ②彼(に)は兄弟がいます\n\nNative speaker told me\n\n> Either is natural. Strictly, ② is grammatically correct, I think, but ① is\n> also commonly used.\n\nSo am I right to assume that ① is just used in casual settings?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T16:50:05.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76900",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-29T03:58:06.403",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-29T01:15:43.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "38718",
"owner_user_id": "38718",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"には"
],
"title": "彼は兄弟がいます actually 彼には兄弟がいます with に omitted",
"view_count": 253
}
|
[
{
"body": "From [goo辞書](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF-592565),\n\n> ① 時・場所・対象、比較の基準など、格助詞「に」で示されるものに、特にとりたてる気持ちを表す係助詞「は」の意味が加えられる。\n\nAnd, I prepare\n\n-「僕(に/には/は)兄弟がいません、でも彼(に/には/は)二人兄弟がいます。」 : _\"I do not have any brothers, but he has two brothers.\"_\n\nThis sentence basically comparing one's siblings status. I think all of に, には\nand は are interchangeable because it can imply comparison and also topic.\n\nI mean repeating 「に」 twice sounds the sentence talks \"comparison\" and\nrepeating 「は」 twice sounds the sentence talks \"topic\" and using 「には」 twice\nsounds the sentence talks topicalizing comparison. ( I think\n僕は兄弟がいません、でも彼に二人兄弟がいます。is awkward. So, probably not repeating and mixing each\n(に/には/は) in the sentence makes it awkward without knowing the context. )\n\nBut, saying「彼に兄弟がいます」as stand-alone is a bit awkward since it should be used\nin a comparative structure.\n\nProbably「彼は兄弟がいます」is bit abrupt to the native speaker's ear if you do not know\nwhat you are taking about.\n\nI agree with 「彼には兄弟がいます」is natural since it can be start-point of comparison\nand topic.\n\n* * *\n\nWe learn No1\nas「[早口{はやくち}言葉{ことば}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89)」:\n\"Tongue-twister\". That's why I guess using「には」 sound natural.\n\n 1. 「庭{にわ} **には** 二羽{にわ}鶏{にわとり}がいる。」: _\"There are two chickens in the backyard.\"_\n\n 2. 「庭{にわ} **に** 二羽{にわ}鶏{にわとり}がいる。」: \"Almost same as above.\"\n\n 3. 「庭{にわ} **は** 二羽{にわ}鶏{にわとり}がいる。」: \"Awkward without context, i.e why you are taking about the existence of two chickens.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T03:58:06.403",
"id": "76910",
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76900
|
76910
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76910
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"body": "This song title is translated as [Sunny Sunny\nHappiness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Haruhi_Suzumiya_albums#Hare_Hare_Yukai)\nin English, so it seems that both \"hare\" are supposed to have the same\nmeaning, and yet they're not written in the same way. Is this a play on word,\na common thing to do, or just random?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T21:14:35.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76903",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T21:14:35.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "35082",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"nuances",
"katakana"
],
"title": "In the song title「ハレ晴レユカイ」(Hare Hare Yukai), why is the second ハ written as a kanji but not the first?",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[] |
76903
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76908",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Context:\n\n> 記者{きしゃ}：\n> こんにちは。えっと、今日{きょう}はですね、日本{にほん}について、日本{にほん}の良{い}い所{ところ}について、（はい）、お聞{き}きしてるんですけど。\n>\n> 翻訳{ほんやく}： Hi there, today I'm asking people what's great about Japan.\n\nThe English official version says that it means \"what is great about Japan\"\ninstead of \"great Japanese places\". I really thought the reporter was asking\nfor a place in Japan, but instead the interviewee answered and he said that\nfresh fish was 日本｛にほん｝の良｛い｝い所｛ところ｝.\n\nOf course, by the context, it is pretty obvious the meaning is \"points\". But\nif the context was different, could it be about a place or is 良｛い｝い所｛ところ｝ an\nexpression specifically related to good points or what is good about\nsomething?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T22:52:08.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76904",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-29T03:15:06.850",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "38717",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Can 所{ところ｝ in 「日{に}本{ほん}の良{い}い所{ところ}」 have two possible meanings: places or points?",
"view_count": 473
}
|
[
{
"body": "That's true. ところ can refer to a \"point\" or \"aspect\" of a certain thing or\nperson. In fact, one\n[dictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%89%80_%28%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%29/)\nwrites this:\n\n> ２㋒ 部分。箇所。点。\n>\n> 「悪い―を直す」「粋な―のある人だ」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T23:36:25.567",
"id": "76905",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-28T23:36:25.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29327",
"parent_id": "76904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> Of course, by the context, it is pretty obvious the meaning is \"points\". But\n> if the context was different, could it be about a place or is 良い所 an\n> expression specifically related to good points or what is good about\n> something?\n\n良い所 itself has both meanings.\n\nSee [Meaning of ところ in アメリカのいいところ\n](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23738/meaning-\nof-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D-in-%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D)\nand in this case there's not much difference* between kanji and hiragana\n(いいところ and 良い所.) \nBoth have the same meanings.\n\n* To be honest, 良い所 sounds more like a place than a point a bit, but still both are possible. \n\n* * *\n\nEdit: \nAs to \"日本の良い所,\" it means a good point of Japan, hardly means a place. \nIf you want a phrase 良い所 used and about a place in Japan, \"日本 **で**\n（～するのに）良い所\" would be appropriate.\n\nExample: \n「日本で観光するのに良い所知りませんか？」 \n\"Do you know any good place for sightseeing in Japan?\"\n\nMy first answer is for independent 良い所 or 所. \nYou say \"「所」in 「日本の良い所」\" in the title, so I think that answer is enough, but\njust in case I added this appendix.\n\np.s. \nSorry for editing over and over. \nI misread the title.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-29T00:38:52.703",
"id": "76907",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-29T03:15:06.850",
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{
"body": "I would say it not ambiguous. In this context, 良い所 definitely means \"good\npoint\" and I never think of the other possibility. To talk about places, the\ninterviewer would have used something other than 所, such as 場所, 風景, 街, 地域,\nスポット or 観光地. Well, \"point\" in English can also refer to a location (eg,\nrendezvous point, Cape point), but do you feel \"Japan has some good points\"\nsaid without context is ambiguous? Simple words such as 所, こと and もの have many\nmeanings, and you have to get used to its usages.\n\nThat said, 良い所 can refer to a physical place in other contexts. For example,\n京都は良い所ですね simply means \"Kyoto is a good place, huh?\".",
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"creation_date": "2020-04-29T01:56:16.473",
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] |
76904
|
76908
|
76908
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76922",
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"body": "I was studying kanji when I noticed that 承{うけたまわ}る and 賜{たまわ}る share 「たまわる」and\nthey do seem to have related meanings. In fact, it appears to me that 承る is a\ncompound verb that combines 受ける and 賜る but I'm not sure. Are they related? And\nif so, why the difference in kanji?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-28T23:55:36.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76906",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-29T18:23:33.837",
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"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "承る and 賜る: are they etymologically related?",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "_(Full disclosure: I edited[the Wiktionary\nentry](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E3%82%8B) linked earlier in\nthe comments.)_\n\n### Derivation\n\n承{うけたまわ}る and 賜{たまわ}る are indeed related: 承{うけたまわ}る even has a rare\nalternative spelling as 受{う}け賜{たまわ}る. 賜{たまわ}る has a meaning of _\"to be granted\nor gifted something from a social superior\"_ , and the additional 受{う}け on the\nfront in 承{うけたまわ}る adds an additional sense of _\"to receive, to take in\"_.\n\n### Spelling\n\nAs others have noted, don't let the spellings confuse you about the\nderivations. Spellings in Japanese have historically been rather fluid (and,\nif you've read any manga and noticed the liberal use of furigana, you'll see\nthat they can still be quite flexible). If you are curious about the\nderivation of a particular word, and that word is _kun'yomi_ , examine it with\na focus on the kana -- how the word is spoken. Kanji for _kun'yomi_ terms are\nan additional layer, providing further nuance, but the kanji are largely\nirrelevant to the actual derivation of _kun'yomi_ terms.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T18:23:33.837",
"id": "76922",
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] |
76906
|
76922
|
76922
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 旅館の朝食って おいしいですよね\n\n**Context** :\n\nThe speaker and his friends (whom are all Japanese) were on a trip to a\nJapanese Inn, arriving at night. The next day, they woke up to have breakfast.\n\n(This was probably the first meal they had at the inn as they went to sleep\nright away upon arriving at the inn last night. However, I doubt this was\ntheir first time in a Japanese Inn, seeing that they are all Japanese.)\n\n**My questions:**\n\nIn this given sentence, how can I differentiate whether というのは or は should be\nused? I heard context is important, but what kind of clues can I gather from\nthe context to determine which of the two is more appropriate. In this case,\nboth というのは and は seems to make sense to me.\n\nThe って in this case is used to describe how delicious is the inn's breakfast.\n\nFor は, the meaning is something like \"As for the inn's breakfast, it is\ndelicious\".\n\nFor というのは, the meaning is something like \"The thing about the inn's breakfast,\nit is delicious\".\n\nAre my interpretations right?\n\nI browsed through several threads and managed to make some form of segregation\nof meanings between the different って usages, but am still confounded between\nthese two.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T03:19:55.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76909",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-12T22:37:23.403",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-12T22:37:23.403",
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"owner_user_id": "37210",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "What is the difference between というのは or は when used as a topical marker?",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, I think all three particles are acceptable. As for their difference,\nthink of it this way:\n\nThese particles add some spotlights to the noun phrase that they are\ndecorating. The only real differene here are how much spotlights they are\nadding: というのは > って > は.\n\nって is a little informal, speech-oriented form. My guess is that either 旅館の朝食\nwas not mentioned prior to this point, in which case the added spotlight is\nused to signal the change of the subject, or the speaker is simply delighted\nwith 旅館の朝食 and wanted to add an underscore.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T12:41:21.850",
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"owner_user_id": "3059",
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}
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76909
| null |
77023
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76912",
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"body": "As a non-native speaker I start with the assumption of ～のに being\n\"although/even though/etc\" and ～ても being \"even if ～\" if I encounter either in\na sentence.\n\nAfter finishing the sentence I backtrack and re-assess if the above assumption\nmakes sense given the context.\n\nMost of the time my assumption is valid, but a non-insignificant number of\ntimes it is obvious that my initial assumption does not hold water and のに is\nactually a nominalized ～の + particle に and ～ても is in essence ～たら.\n\nNow this is fine, but it does not feel like a very natural way of reading, as\nI feel I should be able to know what grammatical function ても or のに is serving\nwithout having to finish the sentence and backtrack to confirm.\n\nFor native speakers do they have to go through a similar process, or do they\nintuitively know what to expect without having to assume anything?\n\nTake these two sentences for example:\n\n> 元々、花の香りが大好きな私にとって、香油……正しくは精油というのだけど、植物から抽出された香りに心酔されていく **のに** そう時間は掛からなかった。\n>\n> 「ゆとり！！ 常識知らず！！ 空気読め！！ 向上心が足りない！！いいかお前ら！！ いつか社会に出 **ても**\n> こんな言葉一つに絶対踊らされるんじゃねーぞ！！」 (in response to \"俺は絶対に今年こそ彼女をつくる！！ 俺たちは今年から！！\n> 絶対に勝ち組になるぞォォ！！\")\n\nIf this were a book and the page cut off at のに/ても, would a native speaker have\nto flip the page to know what grammatical function either was serving?\n\nI suppose this could apply to 適当 as well since I always assume the\n\"suitable/appropriate\" meaning before potentially deciding\n\"unserious/irresponsible\" actually makes more sense by the end of the\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T04:06:01.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76911",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-04-29T08:44:36.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Native speakers reading ～ても/～のに/etc sentences",
"view_count": 382
}
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{
"body": "For のに in your example:\n\n> 元々、花の香りが大好きな私にとって、香油……正しくは精油というのだけど、植物から抽出された香りに心酔されていくのに\n\nI wouldn't say it's ambiguous at this point, I mean, it is, but I can have\n>90% confidence to bet on being non-idiom の + に with this much of context. If\nyou cut it down to:\n\n> 植物から抽出された香りに心酔されていくのに\n\nI am decidedly undecided.\n\nFor ても, I don't even count it as an idiom. In my language intuition, this is a\nvery transparent construction that も takes a te-form as a nominal phrase. も is\ninherently \"ambiguous\" in this sense, but in my viewpoint, still seems to have\nessentially only one meaning: \"to put something alongside of another in\nconsideration\". The whole spectrum of meanings from \"as well as\" to\n\"nevertheless\" is matter of interpreted relation between those two things.\n\n> 社会に出てもこんな言葉一つに絶対踊らされるんじゃねーぞ \n> \"Having gone out into the world, ( **still** ) never let such a piece of\n> bullshit trick you!\"\n>\n> あんまりゆっくりしてても、お母さん帰ってきちゃうかもだし \n> \"Having spent too much time, ( **in turn** ) mom would come back home\"\n>\n> 変に気張ってもお互い緊張するだけ \n> \"Having tried over hard, it will ( **rather** ) only make either side\n> stressful\"",
"comment_count": 15,
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{
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"body": "I'm sorry if this sounds like a naive question, but I tend to get confused\nにしたら and からすると. Someone said that they are completely\n[different](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/18360) but to me they seem to\nboth translate to \"from the perspective of\" as in the following sentences.\n\n> **親からすると、子供はいくつになっても子供で、心配なものだ。** From the point of view of parents, their\n> children regardless of their age are children, and will be their concern.\n> (Feel free to edit the translation.)\n>\n> **あの人にしたら、私達の親切はかえって迷惑かもしれない** 。 To that person / From the point of view of\n> that person, our kindness was (considered as) a bother.\n\nHas anyone been through this confusion before? What then is the difference\nbetween the two?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-29T09:39:45.170",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between からすると and にしたら",
"view_count": 462
}
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[
{
"body": "> That said, にしたら can also carry the meaning \"from the perspective of,\" right?\n\nYes. \nSo in the case you provided, にしたら and からすると have the same meaning.\n\nBut each of them has other various meanings. \nOr more like, they both consist of multiple words(単語) which have various\nmeanings.\n\nからすると = から+する+と \nにしたら = に+する+たら\n\nThen mfuji, who answered the op, couldn't come up with the meaning they share,\n\"from the perspective of.\" \nThat's why they said \"completely different.\" \nIt's difficult to identify the meaning of the phrase from multiple ones when\nno example sentence or context is provided.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76919",
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"body": "I was reading through wikiHow and stumbled across this sentence:\n\n> 今夜10時までにこのレポートを終わらせなければならない\n\nWhy do they use the causative form of 終わる here? What I know is that the\ncausative form is used to say \"let/make someone do something\". In this\nsentence, who is making who do something? Who is the subject? What is the\nobject?\n\nOr perhaps there exists another usage of the causative form?\n\nI'm guessing the direct translation of that sentence would be:\n\n> I must (make myself?) finish this report by 10 pm tonight.\n\nWhy don't they use the transitive form 終える instead?\n\n> 今夜10時までにこのレポートを終えなければならない\n\nAny help would be appreciated. Thank you :)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-29T10:56:28.510",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"causation"
],
"title": "Why use 終わらせる in this sentence?",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 今夜10時までにこのレポートを終わらせなければならない\n\nThe subject is often omitted in Japanese sentences. As for the agent\nidentification, both \"Someone else makes/lets one do the report by 10 p.m.\"\nand \"I make/let myself have finished the report by 10 p.m.\" will do. (Probably\n\"let\" sounds sparing time doing~ and \"make\" sounds more coercive.)\n\nWhen you say this to a third party, it sounds more coercive. When you say it\nto yourself, it depends on your feeling. i.e. If you feel pressure, you may\nregard it as coercion.\n\n * \"I must/have to (make myself) finish this report by 10 pm tonight.\" \n\nI guess using \"must/have to\" indicates there is some enforcement.\n\n今夜10時までにこのレポートを終えなければならない may sound like \"should\" if you just feel it's\nimportant. i.e.\n\n * \"I should finish this report by 10 pm tonight.\"\n\nAll in all, it depends on the context. The two sentences might be identical.\nAs for an obligation, however, the latter is weaker than the former.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76928",
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"body": "The following is an exercise I do daily to better understand grammar.\n\n## I’ll claim A and the title.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SSAZH.jpg)\n\nTitle: 第3話75歳の値段\n\n第 is a prefix to form ordinal numbers. In this case, it precedes 3, so third.\n\n話 is a counter for stories, so 3rd episode in this case.\n\n75歳 is something we’ve seen before, the age of the patient Saitou’s in charge\nof and this is connected with the possessive 『の』.\n\n値段【ねだん】is the cost.\n\nSo: Episode 3: the cost of 75 years (of age).\n\n* * *\n\n## A\n\nSaitou is sitting by his patient, lost in thoughts. 先生まだ残ってらしたんです『か』?\n\n先生【せんせい】can be teacher or doctor; まだ: yet, still; Then comes 残る. 残る is a godan\nverb and it has the meaning of “to remain, to be left”. It is conjugated in\nthe 〜て form.\n\nRegarding the 〜て form:\n\n> It does not indicate tense by itself, however, it combines with other verb\n> forms to create other tenses.\n\nSo that’s clear so far but we’re still missing information. Let’s keep\nreading:\n\n> Additionally, the ~ te form is used in Japanese to connect verbs in a\n> sentence in order to list out successive actions. Used to connect two or\n> more verbs, the ~ te form is used after all but the last sentence in a\n> sequence. The following are examples of this particular ~te usage in a\n> sentence.\n\nSo maybe here it is to represent a sequence of action since there’s no いる・います\nto indicate the progressive state. Sequence implies a minimum of two actions.\nI don’t know where the second action is, it could be in the next bubble\nperhaps.\n\nです『か』at the very end is asking a question. The ん which precedes it is a\ncolloquial version of $\\color{blue} {の}$ です if I recall correctly.\n\n**Questions** \n①Am I right about my interpretation of 残る?\n\n②Am I right about my interpretation of **ん** です?\n\n③What is the purpose of 〔らした〕in the sentence?\n\n**Sources** \n[Say Hello to Black Jack Manga: Episode\n3](https://www.sukima.me/bv/t/blackjackniyoroshiku/v/1/s/3/p/2)\n\n[Article quoted on the -te form](https://www.thoughtco.com/the-japanese-verb-\nform-te-2027918)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-29T11:42:13.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76916",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles",
"manga",
"copula"
],
"title": "Three grammatical questions about Japanese Manga",
"view_count": 144
}
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[
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"body": "Yes, you are right about ん. As for your other questions, らした is a less formal,\nshortened form of いらした, which itself is a variant of いらっしゃった, the honorific\nform of the verbs いる, 行く, and 来る. I assume in this context that the intended\nmeaning is いる, so you can think of 残ってらした as 残っていた.",
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{
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"body": "I just found a sentence in which 「露見」 is used:\n\n> そして、行動するからには、誰にもそれが露見しないようにやらなければならない\n\nwhich I think it's pretty straightforward, meaning something like \"Then, when\nyou decide to act, you must do it being sure to not be found out\".\n\nThis got me wondering about how 「露見」 is different from 「発覚」, which I knew\nbefore finding out the first: Jisho defines them as [discovery (of a plot,\nmisdeed, etc.); detection;\nexposure](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%9C%B2%E8%A6%8B) and [detection (of a\nplot, fraud, etc.); discovery; coming to\nlight](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%99%BA%E8%A6%9A), which seems very similar,\nand Weblio too gives definitions which sounds very similar to me:\n[悪事や秘密などがばれること](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%9C%B2%E8%A6%8B) and\n[隠していた罪・たくらみなどが人に知られること](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%99%BA%E8%A6%9A).\n\nI wasn't able to find anything conclusive, and the only thing I can think of,\nbut I'm far from sure, is that 「露見」 means (can mean?) something involving a\nthird part, like A found out something about B and reveals it to someone (as\nper \"exposure\" meaning on Jisho); while 「発覚」 doesn't have this implication,\nlike A found something about B (and maybe they keep it for themselves) or that\nsomething comes to light somehow, not necessarily by exposure (as per \"coming\nto light\" meaning on Jisho).\n\nAm I close? Do these two words differs significantly?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-29T11:59:21.050",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Differences between 「発覚」 and 「露見」",
"view_count": 161
}
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[
{
"body": "They both describe the same event \"something concealed is revealed\" and are\nmostly interchangeable for **human activities**. The only difference is that\n発覚 stands in the outsider's perspective, while 露見 the insider's--that of who\nwanted to conceal it. However, it does not mean that you cannot use 露見 unless\nyou are the hider themselves. The speaker can freely use it whenever they\nsuppose that the fact is inconvenient for the hider, which is in practice\nmostly true. Therefore, they wouldn't make much difference except for the\npossibility to break the natural flow of sentences in limited occasions.\n\nWhen they make real difference is, for example, the case below:\n\n> 重大なバグが発覚した _a critical bug is detected_ (by developers/users) \n> 重大なバグが露見した _a critical bug is exposed/leaked_ (to users)\n\nA software bug is often \"hidden\" in a program, but no one intends it (by\ndefinition). In other words, when you are a software developer, you cannot\npostulate anybody behind it being unfound. Thus we can only say the former.\n~~The other one might have some usage when, say, a company hides a known bug\nfor their benefit, but then you should say correctly against \"concealing the\nbug\" バグ隠し rather than the bug itself~~.\n\n**Edit** : @goldbrick let me know that バグが露見 does return a lot of search\nresults on Google. They mostly consist of situations that the service provider\nis motivated not to want people to know their product has a bug, such as: it\ninvolves security concerns, or easily exploitable in the MMO game, etc. They\nseem to be valid examples.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-30T06:02:35.713",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76923",
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"body": "The sentence is:\n\n> [明日]{あした}の[入]{い}り[口]{ぐち}に、[置]{お}いてかなくちゃいけないのかな？\n\nNow I know the former part is \"tomorrow, at the entrance (of our school)\", and\nthe following phrases:\n\nおく ーー 置いて, to put,\n\nかな ーー is it so?\n\nbut I have no idea how to split the remaining of the latter part into pieces.\n\n[置]{お}いて / **かなくちゃいけないの** / かな",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T12:18:57.347",
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"id": "76918",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-04-29T16:08:25.063",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"contractions",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "What's the structure of this lyric sentence? 「置いてかなくちゃいけないのかな」",
"view_count": 224
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, 明日の入り口 probably translates literally (and somewhat poetically) to\n“tomorrow’s entrance.” Second, I think that the line breaks up into 置いて + か +\nなくちゃいけない + の + かな, with なくちゃいけない meaning “have to do” in this case. So the\nline translates roughly to, “I guess that we have to leave [these things]\nbehind at the entrance to tomorrow.”\n\n(I assume that this lyric is from 天使にふれたよ by HTT.)",
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"body": "I believe the か is from ていく > てく\n\nSo \n置いていく \n置いてく \n置いてかない \n置いてかなくちゃいけない\n\nThen consider the subject of the sentence, which is the previous two lines\nなじんだ制服と上履き、ホワイトボードの落書き\n\nthe whole sentence can be translated to “have to leave the familiar uniform\nand indoor shoes, and the scribble on the whiteboard (representing their time\nin high school) in front of the entrance of tomorrow, right?”\n\nIt’s a very delicate way to say however sad to leave, they need to advance to\ntomorrow.",
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76923
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76936",
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"body": "How do you describe or specify a specific target person by their current verb\nin action? Or perhaps more simply, how do you use a verb as an adjective?\n\nHere are some examples:\n\n * The **man wearing** a hat is handsome. _(alt. The **hat-wearing man** is handsome.)_\n * Is the **person singing** your friend? _(alt. Is the **singing-person** your friend?)_\n * The **child screaming** is holding candy. _(alt. The **screaming-child** is holding candy.)_\n\nIf I was to guess the grammar, perhaps:\n\n 1. 帽子【ぼうし】をかぶる男【おとこ】の人【ひと】はかっこいい。\n 2. 歌う【うたう】人は友達【ともだち】ですか？\n 3. 叫ぶ【さけぶ】子供【こども】はキャンディを持って【もって】いる。\n\nor do I use the present continuous:\n\n 1. 帽子をかぶっている男の人はかっこいい。\n 2. 歌っている人は友達ですか？\n 3. 叫んでいる子供はキャンディを持っている。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How do you describe or specify a person with verbs? (convert verbs to adjectives)",
"view_count": 183
}
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[
{
"body": "帽子をかぶる男の人はかっこいいだ means “The man who wears a hat is handsome.” You could be\nreferring to someone who is or is not present; it’s more ambiguous. On the\nother hand, 帽子をかぶっている男の人はかっこいいだ means “The man who is wearing a hat is\nhandsome,” which better implies that the subject in question is present.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T22:39:22.073",
"id": "76931",
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{
"body": "> 1. 帽子【ぼうし】をかぶる男【おとこ】の人【ひと】はかっこいい ~~だ~~ 。\n> 2. 歌う【うたう】人は友達【ともだち】ですか？\n> 3. 叫ぶ【さけぶ】子供【こども】はキャンディを持って【もって】いる。\n>\n\nThese are not very natural. 「Plain form verb + 人」 can mean \"someone who will /\nis going to do~~\", so these examples may sound like \"The man who will wear a\nhat...\" \"Is the person who will sing...\" \"The child who will scream...\"\n帽子をかぶる男の人 could also mean \"A man who usually/often wears a hat.\"\n\nAnd かっこいい **だ** is incorrect. You don't attach a copula だ to an i-adjective.\n\n> 1. 帽子をかぶっ **ている** 男の人はかっこいい ~~だ~~ 。\n> 2. 歌っ **ている** 人は友達ですか？\n> 3. 叫ん **でいる** 子供はキャンディを持っている。\n>\n\nThese sentences are fine. They mean \"The man who is wearing a hat...\" \"Is the\nperson who is singing...\" \"The child who is screaming...\"\n\n* * *\n\nAs a side note, #1 can be rephrased as 帽子をかぶっ **た** 男の人は... \n歌っ **た** 人 and 叫ん **だ** 子供 would mean \"the person who **sang** \" and \"the\nchild who **screamed** \", respectively. 歌っ **ていた** 人 and 叫ん **でいた** 子供 would\nmean \"the person who **was singing** \" and \"the child who **was screaming** \". \nTo say \"The man who **wore/was wearing** a hat...\", you'd say 帽子をかぶっ **ていた**\n男の人.\n\nFor more on 「かぶっ **ている** 人」「かぶっ **た** 人」, 「持っ **ている** 人」「持っ **た** 人」, 「着\n**ている** 人」「着 **た** 人」 etc., please refer to there threads:\n\n * [Use of かける (N5 question)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29671/9831)\n * [\"太ってる猫\" vs \"太った猫\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3361/9831)\n * [Why does 音を表したことば use the past tense?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43864/9831)",
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{
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"body": "The feeling that I get is, “Even _I’ll_ do [this] if the time comes,” but I’m\nnot sure. I guess that the confusing bit is する時, which doesn’t mean much to me\ntranslated literally.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-29T18:10:33.690",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 私だって、する時はするよ。",
"view_count": 104
}
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[
{
"body": "> I guess that the confusing bit is する時, which doesn’t mean much to me\n> translated literally.\n\nIn the full phrase 「する時はするよ」, the する時 is basically \"when it's time [for me] to\ndo something → when [I] do something\".\n\nI think a rendering of this into colloquial English might be _\"I'll do it when\nI do it!\"_ There's a sense of pushback against something said earlier.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T23:30:00.223",
"id": "76933",
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76921
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76933
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{
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"body": "For instance:\n\n> 僕ができること\n\nvs\n\n> 僕にできること\n\nI would translate the both as \"something that I can do.\" Is this correct or is\nthere a more subtle nuance?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T18:53:38.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "38329",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 〜にできる and 〜ができる",
"view_count": 49
}
|
[] |
76924
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76940",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context:\n\n> 今日{きょう}の夕食{ゆうしょく}は私{わたし}がごちそうします。\n\nI've research on ご馳走{ちそう}, from the etymology to popular usages, but I'm still\nunsure whether it would be used, in this phrase, to invite someone to dinner\nsomewhere or to indicate that \"I\" would be the one doing the dinner tonight.\n\nIf it is a invite, is it an invitation to eat in a restaurant or somewhere\noutside, or is it that \"I\" am inviting (someone) to eating at my house?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T19:07:19.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76925",
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"owner_user_id": "38717",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"invitation"
],
"title": "「今日{きょう}の夕食{ゆうしょく}は私{わたし}がごちそうします。」 Will I make the 夕食{ゆうしょく} or am I inviting someone to eating somewhere?",
"view_count": 107
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[
{
"body": "It's an invitation to eat in a restaurant or somewhere outside.\n\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BE%A1%E9%A6%B3%E8%B5%B0-502226) defines\n\"ごちそう（御馳走）\" as follows:\n\n> 1. 心を込めてもてなすこと。特に、食事などをふるまうこと。また、そのもてなし。「ごちそうになる」「鮨（すし）をごちそうする」\n>\n> 2. ぜいたくな料理。豪華な食事。「生まれてはじめてのごちそうだ」\n>\n>\n\nSo ごちそう can mean a nice meal whether eating at home or outside. But when we\ninvite someone over for a meal, normally we wouldn't use the expression ごちそう\nfor a meal we serve. We would say 今日の夕食、うちで食べていきませんか？ or 今日、うちで晩ご飯食べませんか？\nsomething like that.\n\nSo someone says \"今日の夕食は私がごちそうします\", he/she wants to treat you to a meal\noutside.\n\nBut when someone invites you to his/her house for a meal, you CAN say\n\"〇〇さんの家でごちそうになる\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T02:34:40.653",
"id": "76940",
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76925
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76940
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76940
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"body": "First off sorry to make another post on てくる, but I am really having troubles\nunderstanding this construction. I have consulted various resources and have\nread other similar questions on this website but I can't seem to get it.\n\nMy resources (the basic dictionary of Japanese grammar) tell me the following:\n\n来る - an aux verb which indicates the beginning of some process or continuation\nof some action up to a current point in time.\n\nSo when we look at this sentence:\n\n寒くなってきた。\n\nI would draw upon the above and envision that the weather has begun getting\ncold and is still now getting cold. However, sometimes I see similar sentences\ntranslated as \"It's gotten cold.\" To me there is a difference between \"getting\ncold\" and \"has gotten cold\". The former seems like a change still in progress\nand the latter seems like a complete change.\n\nIf it is indeed the latter, what would be the difference between just saying\n寒くなった。or, 前より寒くなった。?\n\nThen we move on to a sentence like this, which gets this meaning -\n\"continuation of some action up to a current point in time.\"\n\n3年間日本語を勉強してきました。\n\nI understand this as, \"I have studied Japanese for 3 years\", but in this usage\nI am struggling to understand it's usage over just saying something like\n\"3年間日本語を勉強しています。\"\n\nAnd finally, where does てきている come into this? I've had troubles finding a\nsource on this...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T20:00:46.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76926",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-30T07:25:33.347",
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"owner_user_id": "31878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "てきた in terms of aspect?",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "As long as durative verbs like ３年勉強する are concerned, ３年勉強してきた can mean that\nyou studied for 3 years and came back (it's not sure when you started), or\nthat you have studied for 3 years up until today, while ３年勉強している means that\nyou have studied for 3 years (not sure when you started).\n\nSo, unless you have stopped it beforehand, they are semantically the same. If\nany, してきた has sense of accumulation.\n\nOn the other hand, instantaneous verbs can be combined with ている to stand for\nperfect aspect like 行っている can mean that you have been somewhere, but not with\nてきた because てくる and ていく themselves are a durative verb. 行ってきた only means that\nyou went somewhere and came back.\n\nしてきている can express\n\n * perfect aspect of doing something and coming back\n * that you have experience of doing something repetitively for a certain period. (勝っている: I have earned a victory 勝ってきている: I have earned victories)\n * that a gradual change of something is on-going. (てきた doesn't refer to the change from now on.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T07:14:26.723",
"id": "76949",
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76926
| null |
76949
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What exactly is the differences between these two? To me, they both describe a\nchange and would translate to \"has become\" in English.\n\nI haven't been able to find any sources of questions about this so I would\nappreciate some help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T22:08:43.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76927",
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"owner_user_id": "31878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between なっている vs なった。",
"view_count": 414
}
|
[
{
"body": "なっている is continuous, so it means “has become” whereas なった is in the past\ntense, so it means “became.” For example, 医者になっている (“I have become a doctor”)\nversus 医者になった (“I became a doctor”). The nuance of these two is similar in\nboth Japanese and English. The first is continuous, implying that one is still\ncurrently a doctor, while the second is more ambiguous; it could be that one\nbecame a doctor and quit.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T22:27:44.007",
"id": "76929",
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{
"body": "Lets start by breaking down なっている なる(dictionary form) → なって(てform) →\nなっている(ているform)\n\nThe ている is used to describe **an action in progress** or a **past even\nconnected with the present**. So basically, なっている is describing something that\nwill become and that thing is either related to the past and is connected with\nthe present or the action of becoming is in progress.\n\nMy hair got longer. かみがながくなっています。\n\nOn the other hand, **なった is the past short form of なる.** So it means it became\nand it is not describing an action that is related to the present or is\ncontinuous. It's something that happened in the past.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T00:45:38.353",
"id": "76938",
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{
"body": "First of all, you should have a look at [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/3140/7705) which does a very good\njob explaining, among other things, the `ている` that you are asking about. As is\nmentioned in the answer, whether or not `ている` takes on this meaning\nrepresenting a resulting state depends on the semantic content of the verb,\namong other things. The rest of my answer obviously only applies to cases\nwhere the resultative interpretation is appropriate. This is [usually\ntrue](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/26224/7705) of `なっている`.\n\nThe difference between the resultative `なっている` to the past tense `なった` is a\nlot like the difference between the English `have become` and `became`. On\npaper, these both just mean that the some event of becoming happened some time\nin the past - the difference is that the former places substantial emphasis on\nthe state resulting from that event being relevant right now.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 警察官になったけど、最終的に先生になった\n>\n> I became a policeman, but ultimately became a teacher\n\nIs fine with the right context; it sounds like these events happened in order\nin the past.\n\n> 警察官になっているけど、最終的に先生になった (???)\n>\n> I have become a policeman, but ultimately became a teacher (???)\n\nThis one doesn't sit well with me in either language. Of course someone could\nbe a policeman and a teacher at the same time, but `I ultimately became a\nteacher` is weird here because it there's no clear ordering - it doesn't sound\nlike the speaker is done being a policeman.\n\n**Edit:** You mention in some comments that `なった` is sometimes used in ways\nthat are most natural translate as `have become` in English. This is true, but\nultimately just boils down to what is acceptable usage of different verb forms\nin Japanese.\n\n> 彼は最近かっこよくなったね\n\nLiterally just means \"you recently became cooler\", although\n[pragmatically](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics) this clearly means\nsomething that we would express in English as \"you've gotten cooler recently\".\nUltimately this just comes down to the fact that there is not going to be a\nperfect 1:1 correspondence between Japanese verb forms and English verb forms,\nand that this structure happens to be more acceptable for this usage in\nJapanese than in English.\n\nThe resultative `なっている` doesn't map 1:1 either - a lot of usages most are most\nnaturally expressed using the present tense copula in English.\n\n> 窓が開いている (the window _is_ open)\n>\n> ガラスが割れている (the glass _is_ cracked)\n\nAnd this distinction isn't perfect in English, either. If I ask about going to\na meeting and someone says\n\n> The meeting ended an hour ago\n\nThey are obviously trying to make a point about the fact that the meeting is\n_currently_ over, despite this being simple past tense. This point comes\nacross just fine whether or not you say something like `has already ended`.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-30T22:31:42.830",
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76927
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76965
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76937",
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"body": "The sentence goes as follows:\n\n> 「 **ドコデモ傘下** なので受けるのは当然携帯電話絡みの問い合わせだ。」\n\nThe sentence is uttered after the reader is told about a woman who works in a\ncall center. She is checking the daily \"briefing-mails\" and then it is\nuttered.\n\nThe preceding sentence:\n\n> 早くもどこかのブースで着信の合図がある\n\nIt is later revealed that there have been problems with telephones services\nall over town.\n\nI really do not know what to make of the part in bold. My best shot at it\nwould be that it expresses the fact that the company (the call center belongs\nto) is affiliated with all sorts of things (and therefore with the telephone\nproblems as well). However, the meaning of 「傘下」is a mystery to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-29T23:58:51.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76934",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-30T12:53:58.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "The meaning of 「どこでも傘下」",
"view_count": 513
}
|
[
{
"body": "It seems the company called ドコデモ is a telecommunications company especially\nmobile network service. The company she works at should be a subsidiary\ncompany of ドコデモ. I am not sure what she is actually doing though, she might be\nresponding the customers' request due to erratic connection all over the town.\n\nAnyway 傘下{さんか} literally means \"under the umbrella\". If you open the umbrella\nup, the shape is like a pyramid, right? So, it seems like describing a\n\"hierarchy\". The company she works at might always need to work according to\nthe order from the parent company 「ドコデモ」.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T00:34:27.207",
"id": "76937",
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"owner_user_id": "34735",
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76934
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76937
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76937
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{
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"body": "As fair as I'm aware and have read in grammar dictionaries, ~ようかな can take\nboth meanings of \"I wonder if I should....\" and \"I guess I'll....\". Obviously,\nthere is a big difference between the two as the former is simply pondering a\npossibility and the latter is making a direct volitional statement with a bit\nof uncertainty. I wouldn't want to convey the wrong message.\n\nHow are these distinguished?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T00:02:07.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76935",
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"owner_user_id": "31878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Meaning of ~ようかな between \"I wonder if I should....\" and \"I guess I'll....\"",
"view_count": 482
}
|
[] |
76935
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Would I use \"Aishita\" or something else? The child is a 16 year old.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T02:11:14.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76939",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-30T03:36:26.440",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-30T03:00:05.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "36202",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "In a song, if somebody wanted to say to their deceased mom, \"We loved you so much.\" what form of love would you use?",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unlike 恋 ( _koi_ ) which refers to romantic love, technically speaking, you\ncan use 愛 ( _ai_ ) to refer to familial love. But it's basically a fairly big\nword, and I believe most 16-year-old boys would feel embarrassed to use it.\n大好き ( _daisuki_ ) should be much safer most of the time. 愛 might be safely\nused if the writer is mature and the song contains stiff words or words\nrelated Christianity/philosophy, but your song does not seem to be like this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T03:28:20.433",
"id": "76942",
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76942
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In this phrase '天気が好きなんです' 好きな follows the subject marker. Is this because the\nphrase ends with んです?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T04:36:40.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76943",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-30T10:51:49.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-30T10:51:49.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "38654",
"owner_user_id": "38654",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-order"
],
"title": "Can the modifier form ( な/い) of an adjective follow the subject marker when there is no noun to modify?",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "In 天気が好きなんです, \"好きなんです\" is the predicate. Subject + が + predicate is a common\nsentence pattern.\n\nAs for why 好きな follows 天気が, you cannot simply say 天気が好きな. First, at the most\nelementary level, you will have learned to use 天気が好きだ to mean \"(I) like the\nweather.\" Here 好きだ is the predicate. You cannot say 天気が好きな because as a na-\nadjective, 好きな must be followed by a noun that it modifies.\n\nNote that んです is not a fancy version of だ. んです arises as follows. First, 好きな\nmodifies の, which is a 形式名詞. の here doesn't have an intrinsic meaning. It\nsimply serves a syntactic purpose, allowing you to use an adjective where a\nnoun is required. As a noun phrase, 好きなの cannot be a predicate; it must be\nfollowed by だ/です. So we have 天気が好きなのです. Informally, の can be replaced by ん and\nyou have 天気が好きなんです.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T06:12:22.537",
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76943
| null |
76947
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76973",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I understand this correctly, ありがとうございます is formed as follows. First, the\nadjective ありがたい is turned into the adverb ありがたく. Then, in ありがたく+ございます, ウ音便\ntakes place and ありがたく becomes ありがとう.\n\nBut in cases like this, what exactly is ございます? Is it a politer version of ある?\nIf so, could one in theory form sentences in the form of \"adjective連用形 + ある\"\nlike 高くある? And what does ある(ござる/ございます) mean in this context? It certainly\nmakes no sense for ある mean \"to exist/to have\". Does it mean \"to be\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T05:46:03.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76945",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-14T02:16:54.403",
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"owner_user_id": "38770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"keigo"
],
"title": "ございます after adjective (with ウ音便)",
"view_count": 230
}
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[
{
"body": "ございます is basically just the masu-form of the verb ござる, which is a polite\nversion of ある.\n\n_\" There is a book here\":_\n\n * ここに本がある。 (plain)\n * ここに本があります。 (polite)\n * ここに本がござる。 (sounds like a samurai)\n * ここに本がございます。 (very polite and respectful)\n\nThese words behave like a copula (だ, \"to be\") in combination with で. I can say\nthey no longer mean \"to exist\", but it's hard to explain why.\n\n_\" This is a book.\"_:\n\n * これは本である。 (stiff/formal/academic)\n * これは本であります。 (polite, sounds like a politician or a military personnel)\n * これは本でござる。 (sounds like a samurai)\n * これは本でございます。 (very polite)\n\n(ござる is an irregular verb and its masu-form is normally ございます, although ござります\nis occasionally used.)\n\nTechnically, they can also follow the ウ音便 of i-adjectives (e.g., 高うあります,\n面白うござる), but we seldom see this happen today. (ウ音便 itself has become\nuncommon.) We don't need a copula for an i-adjective, so I think this type of\nあります/ござる/ございます is merely for showing respect or politeness, just like how we\nuse です with an i-adjective. Instead of おいしゅうございます/おいしゅうござる, we normally say\nおいしいです now (see [this\ndiscussion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/15304/5010)).\n\nStill, something like 高くある is occasionally used in modern Japanese, and they\nhave special connotations (\"to stay\", \"will\"). See this question for examples:\n[i-adjective modifying ある (eg\n強くありたい)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64993/5010).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T04:05:46.780",
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"score": 3
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76945
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76973
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Caption on a picture of a woman with nice dress\n\nOther sentence usage for different photos includes the following:\n\n 1. 顕示欲の出涸らし\n\n 2. おやすみ顕示欲\n\n 3. 隠し切れない顕示欲\n\n 4. 溢れ出る顕示欲\n\nNote: The dress is not sexy nor revealing, but generally casual. Is the woman\ntrying to show-off her clothes, or is she trying to say 'Do I look nice on\nthis dress?\"\n\nCaption on twitter page as below:\n<https://twitter.com/suzukisakiika/status/1249479824260730881>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T06:35:11.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76948",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T03:48:01.933",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-01T10:53:30.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "38772",
"owner_user_id": "38771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does おは顕示欲 mean?",
"view_count": 209
}
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[
{
"body": "Let's go part-by-part. Here's [a definition I found of\n顕示欲](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%A1%95%E7%A4%BA%E6%AC%B2) on weblio:\n\n> 何かを誇示したい、認められたい、などという欲望のこと。「自己顕示欲」などという具合に使う。\n\nSo it's essentially a desire to be seen. From the fact that another example\nyou found is おやすみ顕示欲 and that many of the replies to your tweet say お早うございます,\nI think we can infer that おは is short for おはよう.\n\nSo I think this if this were in English she'd be saying something like\n\"morning mood\" or \"good morning, how do I look?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T21:41:14.043",
"id": "76983",
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{
"body": "おは顕示欲 is not a word itself, but I kind of understand what it says.\n\nFirst, おは is an extra shortened form of おはよう. It can be used alone for super\ncasual morning greeting, or as a part of playful portmanteau like\n[おはこんばんちは](https://moto-neta.com/anime/ohakonbanchiwa/). I think it is the\nlatter in this case.\n\nThe second part 顕示欲 is a long story. It is not an easy word, and was nor\ncommon until a (quite) while ago when experts pointed out that [modern SNSes\n(including Twitter) were functioning as some kind of \"self-esteem\nporn\"](https://ddnavi.com/news/179437/a/). Keywords highlighted at that time\nwere such as 承認欲求 (Maslow's _[esteem\nneeds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs)_ ) and\n自己顕示欲 (\"desire of self-display\"), which soon became buzzwords mostly with a\nnegative meaning. There might be similar terms used same way in the English-\nspeaking world, but I am not familiar with it.\n\nAs those words gain popularity, people start to use them as a joke, as much as\nsaying \"Hi, I shamelessly need likes so do it!\" Given that this is a Twitter\npost, the author must be fond of using the word in this way. So, in this case,\nthe literal-ish translation would be like \"morning-ostentation\" or effectively\nsaying \"Morning! See my attention-seeking!\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-05-02T03:48:01.933",
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"score": 3
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76948
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76988
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{
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"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I’ve been playing Final Fantasy 8 on the switch in Japanese and I’ve come\nacross a sentence that has stumped me.\n\nAfter Squall tells Rinoa that he may have to kill Seifer in a possible\nprospective battle, Rinoa replies\n\nでも、もちろん... 避けられたらなって思うよ\n\nI’ve been able to read most everything in the game quite comfortably but this\nsentence has me confused.\n\n“If it can be avoided...”\n\nis what 避けられたら translates too, which makes sense given the context.\n\nI’m only unsure about the なって part. Is this なる as in the verb “become”\nconjugated?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T09:07:21.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76952",
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"owner_user_id": "9681",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-って"
],
"title": "避けられたらなって思う unsure about the なって",
"view_count": 70
}
|
[] |
76952
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "why 小林 read as こばやし not as こはやし?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T13:23:41.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76956",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "why 小林 read as こばやし not as こはやし?",
"view_count": 27
}
|
[] |
76956
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76971",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is Japanese beer sweet? To provide context to the question I asked, the\nsentence was extracted from 2 characters talking to each other. Both of them\nwent into a bar. One of them has low alcohol tolerance so the other character\nteases them about it. The teased character retorted back with a \"飲める！甘いのだけ!\" I\nwould like to ask about the meaning of \"甘いのだけ\". Is this a slang, or does it\nmean \"I can drink! It's just too sweet for me!\" which brings me to my question\nabove if Japanese beer is sweet, because normally beer is bitter right? So why\nwould he say that it is sweet? Does \"甘いのだけ\" have another meaning here, for\ninstance, \"I can drink!I'm just trying to go slow\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T15:01:52.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76957",
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"owner_user_id": "21746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"usage"
],
"title": "Question regarding alcohol: Meaning of \" 飲める！甘いのだけ”. More context in description below",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is another way of saying 甘い酒だけ (just the sweet/mild one)。There are two\ntypes of 酒, 甘口 and 辛口. Here's a good\n[guide](https://www.kuramotokai.com/omosiro/zemi/id/1/).\n\nNow, let's consider the grammar. It's some sort of an [elliptical\nexpression](https://www.grammar.com/elliptical-expression). Since the\nconversation topic (酒) is unambiguous, one can simply drop it, with の takes\nthe place of 酒.\n\nHere's another sample sentence:\n\n> A:「この本は、山田さんの本ですか？」\n>\n> B:「いいえ、杉本さんの(本)です。」\n\nEven if you drop (本), it will still be understood.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T15:45:05.117",
"id": "76958",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T02:43:43.617",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "This 甘いの means \"sweet ones\" where の corresponds to a pronoun \"one(s)\" in\nEnglish. For example, 高いの means \"the more expensive one\". The sentences mean\n甘いのだけは飲める or \"I can drink (at least) sweet ones.\"\n\nI'm a bit confused what exactly is happening in this situation, but are they\nreally talking specifically about beers? Japanese beers are not fundamentally\ndifferent from foreign beers. To me, it sounds like this person is saying \"I\ncan drink (not-so-hard) sweet alcoholic drinks\", such as Cassis orange. Can\nyou double check the context?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T03:34:53.740",
"id": "76971",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 3
}
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76957
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76971
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{
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"body": "I was wondering if both ways are grammatically correct, when starting a\nsentence. I think starting like : \"きのう、私は...\" would put more emphasise on the\nfact that what ever follows happened yesterday, while \"私はきのう...\" puts more\nweight on what happened and giving the extra information that whatever it was,\nit happened yesterday.\n\nI would appreciate any sort of input on that matter :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T15:46:48.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76959",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T03:08:22.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "38778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-order"
],
"title": "きのう、私は VS. 私はきのう",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, exactly as you said. Both are perfectly valid ways of starting a\nsentence. The difference in nuance is basically the same as the difference\nbetween \"Yesterday, I did X\" and \"I did X yesterday\" in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T03:08:22.410",
"id": "76970",
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| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76966",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "One of [NHK's\nstories](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012410471000/k10012410471000.html)\ntoday is about parents delaying routine vaccines, and it has the following\nline:\n\nワクチンを受けるのが遅く **なると、ならないはずの** 病気になったり、病気がひどくなったりします\n\nI'm interpreting it something like: if you get the vaccine late, then you will\ndefinitely get the illness and the illness might get worse. Or perhaps, you\nmust not get the vaccine late or you will surely get the illness or it might\nget worse.\n\nI feel like I understand ~たりする, and と、ならない but the bold portion above is\nreally throwing me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T19:10:46.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76962",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-30T22:42:08.150",
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"owner_user_id": "36714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Conditional or must with はず in と、ならないはずの",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[
{
"body": "Aeon Akechi has largely answered your question with his comment, but I will\nexpand a little.\n\nIn short, the sentence breaks down like this:\n\n> ワクチンを受けるのが遅くなると\n>\n> If you get the vaccine late\n>\n> [ ならないはずの病気 ]になったり、病気がひどくなったりします\n>\n> You will get an illness you (otherwise) wouldn't have, or your illness will\n> be worse.\n\nI think you were pretty close to parsing this correctly, but the important\nthing is that `ならないはずの` is just qualifying `病気`. This `なる` comes from\n[病気になる](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%97%85%E6%B0%97%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B),\nso this `ならないはず` is an expression of the expectation that under normal\ncircumstances this is something you wouldn't catch.\n\nI chose `illness will be worse` over `get worse` because this is talking about\ncontracting the illness, and presumably not people who already have it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T22:42:08.150",
"id": "76966",
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76962
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76966
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76966
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76968",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Looking at jisho, it seems that 愛しい can either be pronounced いとしい or うつくしい or\nかなしい. Am I right in assuming that when it is pronounced うつくしい, it has the same\nmeaning as 美しい(beautiful), and when it is pronounced いとしい, it has the same\nmeaning as 愛しい (beloved), and when pronounced as かなしい, it means 悲しい(sad). For\ncases when it is pronounced as かなしい and うつくしい, what's the difference in\ndirectly using the kanji 美しい and 悲しい against using the kanji 愛しい？\n\nAddendum: The word 愛しい seems to have drastic difference in meanings. From\nbeloved, to sad, to beautiful! I am assuming it's main meaning is really\nbeloved rather than the other 2?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T22:09:38.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76964",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T02:13:30.267",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-30T22:22:41.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "31222",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "愛しい and 美しい and 悲しい",
"view_count": 340
}
|
[
{
"body": "In modern Japanese, 愛しい is almost always read いとしい and means \"lovely\",\n\"beloved\", \"dear\", etc. You can safely forget the other readings (and\nmeanings). My IME does not even convert うつくしい/かなしい to 愛しい.\n\nActually, in archaic Japanese,\n[かなし](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%97) and\n[うつくし](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%86%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F%E3%81%97)\ndid mean \"lovely\". I vaguely remember I learned them at high school many years\nago, but this knowledge is virtually useless when you read modern Japanese\ntext. (As an aside, かわいい (かはゆし) meant \"embarrassed\", \"pathetic\" or \"pitiful\"\nin old Japanese. There are many similar examples.)\n\nIf I encountered 愛しい【かなしい】 or 愛しい【うつくしい】 with furigana in a modern novel, I\nwould simply be confused first, and then guess the intended meaning purely\nfrom the context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T01:50:44.610",
"id": "76968",
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}
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76964
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76968
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "76969",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that 憧れる is \"to respect, long to be like.\" Are there such\nconnotations associated with being \"half\" in Japan?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T01:42:14.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76967",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-05-01T01:50:32.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "38786",
"owner_user_id": "38786",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "I'm half and a Japanese man said to me: 「ハーフ憧れる」What does it mean?",
"view_count": 178
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Are there such connotations associated with being \"half\" in Japan?\n\nDifferent people have different opinions here, but in general, yes. ハーフ\n(especially Western-Japanese \"half\") is commonly associated with beauty and\nproficiency in languages, and there are a few people who actively seek\ninternational marriage. Please see the link posted by @kimiTanaka, too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T02:49:55.707",
"id": "76969",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T03:01:06.383",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-01T03:01:06.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76967",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
76967
|
76969
|
76969
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76974",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was doing my routine Anki review when I saw 愚痴 listed under common words\ncontaining 愚. This got me asking: what is the difference between 愚痴 and 文句？ I\nbrowsed the internet and found these two links:\n\n[「文句」「愚痴」「悪口」の違いを教えて下さい](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1272626122)\nexplains--with a disclaimer that it was their personal opinion--that 文句 is\nused when one is complaining about something unspecified. (Yet, I don't see\nwhy 「 **この** タレント嫌いなんだよ」 counts as unspecified when it could have been obvious\nwho's being referred to if the one complaining and the one listening to the\ncomplaint are both watching TV at that time.) On the other hand both 愚痴 and 悪口\nare directed towards someone in particular, with the difference being that the\ncontent of 愚痴 has some basis and is something that those who hear it can\neasily agree with, while 悪口 is something that has no basis and is something\nthat borders somewhere between complaint and defamation.\n\n[What's the difference between complaints 不満 不平\n文句?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57487/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-complaints-%e4%b8%8d%e6%ba%80-%e4%b8%8d%e5%b9%b3-%e6%96%87%e5%8f%a5)\ndifferentiates various expressions of complaint or dissatisfaction, including\n文句 which is one of the words in question. The accepted answer mentions that 文句\nis a general term that covers a wide range of meaning, from complaint to\ndisapproval.\n\nBoth of these references have been helpful, but are there other differences\nthat these questions weren't able to cover?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T04:02:13.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76972",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 愚痴 and 文句 (and 悪口）",
"view_count": 332
}
|
[
{
"body": "愚痴 refers to some negative remark about your job or anything you're doing.\nImportantly, it's **not** addressed to someone who is actually responsible for\nthe matter at hand. For example, when someone talks to his family how much he\ndislikes his boss or client, that can be called both 愚痴 and 文句, but perhaps\nthe former tends to be more informal, unorganized and nonconstructive. (The\nChiebukuro question says 特定/非特定, but I think that's not relevant.) If you said\nthis directly to your boss or client, that will be considered as 文句 but not\n愚痴. (By the way, 苦情 is something that is formally addressed _from outside_ to\nsomeone in charge. 文句 covers both 愚痴 and 苦情, but the opposite is not true.)\n\n悪口 refers to derogatory remarks in general. Righteous complaints are 苦情 or 文句\nbut not 悪口. Unlike 愚痴/文句, you can say 悪口 even if you are not involved.\n\nBasically you cannot make 愚痴/文句/苦情 if you're not involved in the matter, but\nthe level of \"involvement\" is somewhat subjective. For example, when someone\nspeaks ill of a celebrity they just saw on TV (e.g., \"Oh she is ugly\"), that's\na 悪口 but not a 愚痴/文句. But if someone went through an entire TV drama series\nand was disappointed at the last episode, they may make 愚痴 or 文句 (or 苦情 if\nthey emailed the TV station).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T06:39:07.700",
"id": "76974",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T06:39:07.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "愚痴 corresponds to English whinging, whining, grouching, and moaning.\n\n文句 is complaining, or fussing.\n\n悪口 covers criticism, insults, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T07:51:38.867",
"id": "76975",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T07:51:38.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "76972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
76972
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76974
|
76974
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77034",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 一秒 **として** 同じ姿を保っていない\n\nI get the feeling it means something like \"Not even for a second\" but what\nexactly does this として do?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T12:40:31.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76977",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T22:52:41.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38718",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "How do I interpret this usage of として?",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "〜として〜ない is a idimatic phrase structure that means \"it doesn't ... not even for\n...\" where として can be further thought of as と＋して. と is a particle and して is a\nconjugation of す/する, a versatile verb that carries so many meanings.\n\nする accompanies a time related noun to mean a passing of the time, such as\n一時間すれば帰ってくるよ and I think this one is similar.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T20:57:22.723",
"id": "77034",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T20:57:22.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "76977",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "〜として + (否定形)\n\n> ・（下に打消しの語を伴って）例外なく全部である意を表す。「一人として生き残った者はいない」「一時 (いっとき) として目が離せない」 (三省堂/小学館\n> 大辞林) \n> ・例外なく全てであることを表す (三省堂 新名解国語辞典3版 金田一京介/春彦 日本で初めての小型現代国語辞典を編纂した)\n\nThis is one of several usages of 〜として, meaning \"all and no exception\". The\nexample, 'No one survives, all dead'. Originally 〜とて...ない\n\nThe phrase is used for the way to emphasis the point and it does greater than\n一人も...ない\n\nSee also, 〜も + (否定形)\n\n* * *\n\nAppendix: It's a collocasional phrase, you don't want to get the\nGestaltzerfall, don't worry the Japanese experts don't know which Old Japanese\nauxiliary verb became into a phrase, no answers. 一人として明確な結論を得たものはない",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T00:25:00.243",
"id": "77064",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T22:52:41.493",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T22:52:41.493",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "76977",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
76977
|
77034
|
77034
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76984",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 試合時間が **残り一分を切った** ところで、ゴールを決められて負けてしまった。\n\nI'm not sure about 残り一分を切った. I tried gathering some information and found that\n残り一分 = 1 minute left. But I haven't seen 切る used in this context before, so I\nsearched the meaning it said \"to do (something) in less or within a certain\ntime\"\n\nSo, I translated it as \"When the competition time is less than 1 minute, the\nresult has been set that we lost.\"\n\nI'm not sure but I think that the situation is that the match isn't actually\nover yet because there's still less than 1 minute left, but the referee (or\nsomeone) assumed that we lost already. Am I correct?\n\nBTW: I'm not an English speaker if you can answer in simple language I would\nbe really grateful. Thank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T14:49:55.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76978",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T01:33:54.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-01T16:06:18.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "38446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence"
],
"title": "残り一分を切る meaning",
"view_count": 285
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to a dictionary 広辞苑:\n\n切る: ➋ 物事を限定する。\n\n3. **（ある数量を）下回る。割る。** 「千円を少し―・った値をつける」「10秒を―・る」 \n\nSo one of the meanings of 切る is \"Number or quantity goes down below a certain\npoint\".\n\nSo 試合時間が残り一分を切ったところで is just talking about WHEN. At the point that there was\nonly one minute left before the game ended.\n\nゴールを決められて負けてしまった → we conceded a goal, then we lost the game.\n\nOf course it doesn't mean that the game was ended when the goal was made, but\nthe time was run out and they lost.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T00:59:55.477",
"id": "76984",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T00:59:55.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36915",
"parent_id": "76978",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "> 試合時間が残り一分を切ったところで、ゴールを決められて負けてしまった。\n\nIf you cut an object, you usually have some fractions from the whole of the\nobject. i.e. the rest which has not been taken away from the object.\n\nThis time, probably you are talking about a football game, you have already\ntaken away(i.e. spent) 44 minutes and the rest is one minute less.\n\nThis is the same as ratio. You are focusing on the rest which has not been\ntake away from the whole. For example, describing less than 3/10 of something,\nit says 「三割を切る」.\n\n* * *\n\nI think it's pretty much the same as \"a measure word\" when you cut something\nand get the slice of it.\n\n> 助数詞。１ 切ったものを数えるのに用いる。「たくあん一切れ」「ようかん二切れ」\n\n_One slice of Takuan pickle. Two slices of Yokan cake._\n\nYou may wonder this kind of expression : \"use something up\". This one explains\nsomething has already been running out. So, it's confusing a little bit.\n\n> ７ （「ぎれ」の形で）名詞の下に付き、そのものを使い切っている意を表す。「期限切れ」「在庫切れ」\n\n_\"Time is up\", \"Running out of the stock.\"_",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T01:09:27.643",
"id": "76986",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T01:33:54.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-02T01:33:54.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "76978",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
76978
|
76984
|
76984
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have this sentence 隣の席が私なのを、感謝しなさい\n\nWhat does 私なの mean in this case? Why is there a を with a comma right after?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T19:05:23.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76979",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-09T16:43:15.450",
"last_edit_date": "2021-07-09T16:43:15.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "38789",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "I don't understand 私なのを",
"view_count": 275
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's nominalizing. The sentence means \"be thankful that the person in the seat\nnext to you is me.\" But more literally, something like \"be thankful for the\nthing/fact/way that, the seat next to you is me.\"\n\nYou could express the same thing as 私であること, but this sounds much more formal.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T19:34:03.353",
"id": "76980",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T19:34:03.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5379",
"parent_id": "76979",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
76979
| null |
76980
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that there is no direct translation for \"I miss you\" in Japanese. I am\nwondering if the nuanced understanding of 連絡とったら、会いたくなる indicates that it is\ntoo painful to contact because it leads to missing one another. Am I\nunderstanding the nuance of 会いたい correctly in the context here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-01T21:34:14.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76982",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-23T04:05:00.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38786",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"set-phrases",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Is 会いたくなる one way to say \"I miss you?\" [連絡とったら、会いたくなるやん] What is the nuanced meaning of 会いたくなる in this context?",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think \"連絡とったら、会いたくなるやん\" is a line that expresses the \"sadness\" that comes\nwith contacting you, rather than \"会いたい\". (\"Wistfulness\"(\"切なさ\") can be thought\nof as synonymous with \"adoration.\"(\"思慕\"))\n\nContacting them makes you want to see them, but you don't want to see them\nbecause it's not possible. It's like a struggle between \"wanting to see you\"\nand \"wistfulness of not seeing you\".\n\nOf course, this includes the feeling of wanting to meet(\"会いたい\"), but the \"やん\"\nrepresents the meaning of the question, which is a question that asks the\nother person and oneself to agree. This suggests a strong willingness to share\nthe wistfulness.\n\n* * *\n\n\"やん\" : ka-skipped words.（\"やんか\" → \"やん\"）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-26T03:46:12.433",
"id": "77610",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-26T03:46:12.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39141",
"parent_id": "76982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
76982
| null |
77610
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Jisho says 怒鳴る is an intransitive verb and that 怒鳴りつける is transitive. But I\nhave come across the following phrases:\n\n 1. 止めようとしても母親は自分を怒鳴りつけるだけでした。\n 2. 彼女は私を怒鳴った。\n\nIf Jisho is really right, why \"私を怒鳴った” and not \"私に怒鳴った”？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T01:02:12.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76985",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T04:13:42.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32264",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"verbs",
"word-usage",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between 怒鳴る and 怒鳴りつける",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[
{
"body": "These verbs are both intransitive and transitive. You can say all of ～を怒鳴る,\n～を怒鳴りつける, ～に怒鳴る and ～に怒鳴りつける. These are all very common and I don't think\nthere is a large difference between ～を and ～に. You can check this using\n[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T04:13:42.800",
"id": "76989",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T04:13:42.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76985",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
76985
| null |
76989
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "76992",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In a document about a new business service, I noticed that 時点 was suddenly\nadded to a date. Here is the context:\n\n> 2000年10月に _AAA_ サービスを開始した。 2001年2月19日 **時点** で、2500万人のユーザーと、194万箇所の加盟店をもつ。\n\n**時点** is not needed, but it adds an _emphasis_ on that date? Like an\nexclamation mark? \nA few other parts of this doc sound strange to me and maybe this is a bad\ntranslation from the English original?\n\nNot a big deal but that type of **時点** after a year / month / day date would\nnever be necessary, and is there to provide emphasis?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T04:14:00.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76990",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T04:50:18.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38738",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Why add 時点 to a (year / month / day) date?",
"view_count": 647
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is similar to [\"As of\"](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/as-of) i.e.\non a particular date. I think the author wants to state what it is like of the\nservice on the particular date.\n\nI mean they want to compare how widespread service is between its start and\nthe particular date using 時点. (i.e. At the duration of Period : \"2000年10月 -\n2001年2月19日\", the service was used by 2500万人のユーザーと、194万箇所の加盟店).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T04:44:31.643",
"id": "76992",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T04:44:31.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "76990",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "> it adds an emphasis on that date\n\nNo, it has a meaning. Without this 時点, this sentence would look unnatural.\nWithout 時点, 「2001年2月19日に2500万人のユーザーを持つ」 might look like the company acquires\nthe 25M users at once on this date.\n\nThis 時点で is like English \"as of\" as in \"as of 2015\". It \"focuses\" on the\ncertain time point of something that naturally changes over time. For example,\n現時点で means \"at the moment\", and it is more nuanced than 今 (\"now\") in that it\nimplies the situation might change soon in the future.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T04:50:18.613",
"id": "76993",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T04:50:18.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76990",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
76990
|
76992
|
76992
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, as far as I'm aware, the ていた ending can have these meanings depending on\nverb used:\n\n 1. a past continuous action and works pretty similarly to English: (彼女がシャワーを浴びている間僕は勉強していた。）\n\n 2. a past state: (お腹が空いていた)\n\n 3. had been doing something.\n\nNow, these usages are confusing me and is something I've been seeing recently:\n\n私は今まで続けてた仕事を、今年もちゃんと続けれればなって思いますね。\n\nThis is from a youtube video about new year's resolutions (will link below). I\nhad expected to either find 続けている or 続けてきた here, based on the usages above. It\nseems like she is still doing her job and it is continuing into the now and\nfuture, so to speak. It was translated (and I think definitely correctly) as\n\"well, I just hope I'll be able to continue the job I've been doing up to\nnow\".\n\nSimilarly, I don't understand an example like this:\n\n前から興味があったからその仕事をやらせてください。(I've been interested in that for a while so please\nlet me do it). Taken from my textbook.\n\nI'm trying to think of this in terms of Japanese and not English but surely\nthe speakers in both sentences are 1. still doing their job now, and 2. still\nhave the interest. So I'm confused. This is not the first time I've seen\nthings like this.\n\nVideo: <https://youtu.be/7x2NBdoXuLk?t=188>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T06:30:14.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76994",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T12:31:33.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Confusions on usage of the past tense ていた and た to express an ongoing actions and states (namely, 'has/has been' doing something):",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is what I love coming to this forum as a native speaker! Interesting\nvalid observations to expressions that I take for granted, which in turn give\nme new insights.\n\nBoth of those expressions feel completely normal and acceptable to me, but I\nbelieve for different reasons.\n\n続けてた is an informal speech form of 続けてきた in this sentence. I don't think 続けていた\nwould be quite appropriate here for the exact reason you mentioned.\n\n前から興味があった is OK, and the past form is chosen simply because the emphasis of\nthe phrase is in the past, that the interest had developed some time ago,and\nit is \"から\" that adds the continuity. Think 前は興味があった, which would mean \"I used\nto be interested [but not anymore]\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T12:31:33.593",
"id": "77022",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T12:31:33.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "76994",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
76994
| null |
77022
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "《アパート『へ』帰る『と』ハガキ『が』一枚届いていた…》\n\nIn that sentence, why is the verb using the past progressive form? 届いていた=〜て+いた\nright? Does it mean that the letter was being delivered when he got to this\napartment?\n\nSource:\n[ブラックジャックによろしく](https://www.sukima.me/bv/t/blackjackniyoroshiku/v/1/s/3/p/10)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T12:11:44.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76995",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T12:11:44.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37089",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax",
"て-form",
"tense"
],
"title": "Japanese Past Progressive?",
"view_count": 49
}
|
[] |
76995
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sentence: 空{そら}の海をゆくの\n\nInitially I imagined that the translation would be something like:\n\nA: Going through the sea made of sky.\n\nI imagined this because this phrase is from a song and thinking about the\ncontext I can imagine this situation: \"the sky reflected in the ocean\". But I\nsaw the translation on a website:\n\nB: Going through the empty sea.\n\nBut\n\n空{から}: emptiness (No-adjective)\n\n空{そら}: sky\n\nSo what is the correct translation?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T13:59:24.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76996",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T02:04:34.703",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-02T14:40:56.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "36339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"pronunciation",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What does 空 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 156
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe the phrase is indeed from a song, called 『さよならの夏』, which is probably\nrecognisable by ear to many on this forum, as it was popularised by/featured\nin the Studio Ghibli film 『コクリコ坂から』 (\"From Up on Poppy Hill\").\n\nAs you will hear in [this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBNbgs21WuI) cover\n(go to 2m30s for the relevant section), the lyric is「そら」not「から」, so the\nmeaning of 「そら」should be reflected in your translation.\n\nThe meaning of 「そら」is, as you say, most straight-fowardly 'sky' -- and that\nmeaning seems to broadly fit with what's going on with the other lyrics, which\nmention boats and flying, amongst other things -- so \"sea of sky\" or \"sky-sea\"\nor similar seems OK to me, in terms of the lyric's plain interpretation.\n\nWhether this represents a 'correct translation' in practice is going to be\ndown to your personal judgement as the translator, that will likely depend on\na variety of factors (e.g. Are you publishing your translation in some form?\nIf so, is it sung, or just appearing on paper? Does the lyric need to rhyme?\nOr have particular intonation to match the music as it is sung? Who's the\naudience? How poetic do you want to get? etc.).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T02:04:34.703",
"id": "77004",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T02:04:34.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "76996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
76996
|
77004
|
77004
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a casual alternative for よろしく. For example, when speaking with close\nfriends, I want to say something along the lines of \"from now onwards, lets\ncontinue getting along\", or something along those lines. The best I can think\nof is これからよろしく but that sounds extremely stiff and formal",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T16:49:17.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76998",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T03:35:03.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "casual equivalent of よろしく",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "よろしく is already fairly casual and colloquial, and you should not seek even\nmore casual alternatives. In formal situations, you must say at least\nよろしくお願いします. You should say どうぞよろしくお願い致します when you need to be very polite.\n\n(Well, there are よろ and シクヨロ, which are much more slangy and\n[charai](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5094/5010), but I'd say \"don't\nuse them\", especially as a equivalent of \"nice to meet you\". If _you_ used\nthem, it might sound just funny because you're a learner, but if _I_ used them\nI would probably sound over-friendly and even offending.)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T03:35:03.883",
"id": "77010",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T03:35:03.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "76998",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
76998
| null |
77010
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77000",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that both 呟く and 囁く mean \"whisper\", but are there any subtle\ndifferences?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T16:58:39.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "76999",
"last_activity_date": "2021-03-24T09:14:25.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32264",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 呟く and 囁く",
"view_count": 457
}
|
[
{
"body": "This seems like the kind of question that should be answerable with simple\ndictionary lookups in English, but it doesn't actually seem to be. Jisho in\nparticular does very little to disambiguate here.\n\nFortunately, [monolingual\ndictionaries](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/10742/meaning/m0u/) are much\nmore helpful.\n\n> 「呟く」は、小さな声でひとりごとを言う意。聞き手は必要としない。一方、「囁く」は、周囲に聞こえぬよう、相手だけに小さな声で話す意。\n>\n> 「呟く」refers to talking to oneself in a quiet voice. No listener is necessary.\n> On the other hand, 「囁く」refers to speaking to a someone in a quiet voice such\n> that it cannot be heard by people nearby.\n\nBasically, you want `囁く` when you are talking about whispering something to\nsomeone. `呟く` on the other hand is also often translated as `mumble` or\n`mutter`, English words which better express the idea that the thing being\nsaid is not intended to be heard by anyone but the speaker. `呟く`also happens\nto be the verb used for tweeting on twitter, which makes some sense if you\nthink about tweets not being aimed at a particular person.\n\n[This question](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/12794806) also addresses\nsome of these differences, though it's entirely in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T18:27:51.397",
"id": "77000",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-02T18:27:51.397",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "76999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
76999
|
77000
|
77000
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77009",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm working on The Setting Sun by Osamu Dazai. First, protagonist describes\nthe way her mother drinks soup, that is very gently. Then she says this:\n\nヒラリ、という形容は、お母さまの場合、決して誇張では無い。婦人雑誌などに出ているお食事のいただき方などとは、てんでまるで、違っていらっしゃる。\n\nI generally understand the meaning, but I am confused about ヒラリ. Is it the\nsame \"hirari\" with ひらり? What does she mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T18:43:36.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77001",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T03:05:47.200",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-02T19:01:56.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "38732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Meaning of ヒラリ in this context",
"view_count": 224
}
|
[
{
"body": "ひらり(と)/ヒラリ(と) is a mimetic word that means \"elegantly yet swiftly (and without\na sound)\". It's written both in hiragana and katakana. A good example of ひらり\nis a boxer's dodging action (相手のパンチをひらりとかわしてカウンターパンチを入れた). Here it describes\nthe elegance of the movement of the お母様, who is a \"natural-born noble\".\n\nThe text goes like this:\n\n> お母さまは、何事も無かったように、また **ひらりと**\n> 一さじ、スウプをお口に流し込み、すましてお顔を横に向け、お勝手の窓の、満開の山桜に視線を送り、そうしてお顔を横に向けたまま、また **ひらりと**\n> 一さじ、スウプを小さなお唇のあいだに滑り込ませた。 **ヒラリ**\n> 、という形容は、お母さまの場合、決して誇張では無い。婦人雑誌などに出ているお食事のいただき方などとは、てんでまるで、違っていらっしゃる。\n\nAs I said, mimetic words like ヒラリ can be safely written in katakana without a\nreason, but here the author suddenly changed ひらり to katakana. If this was\nintentional, katakana was used for mild emphasis, like\n[傍点](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15270/5010) or English italics\n(i.e., \" _Hirari_ is not an exaggeration\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T03:00:40.687",
"id": "77009",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T03:05:47.200",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T03:05:47.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77001
|
77009
|
77009
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77007",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Are there any differences between these three words, or are they synonyms?\nI've tried asking on HiNative and searching for it on that site, as well as\nhere, but couldn't find any answers.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T21:34:28.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77002",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T05:14:12.330",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T05:14:12.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "38717",
"owner_user_id": "33994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference 随分{ずいぶん}, 大分{だいぶ} vs 非常{ひじょう}に?",
"view_count": 972
}
|
[
{
"body": "非常に is much stronger than the other two. It's a formal word that means \"very\"\nor \"highly\".\n\n随分 and 大分 are often interchangeable, and they both roughly mean \"fairly\",\n\"pretty\", \"a lot\", etc. The difference is that 随分 tends to have a connotation\nof \"unexpectedly\" or \"more than expected\". Because of this, you usually do not\nuse 随分 for something that is completely under your control.\n\nFor example, 体調は大分良くなりました and 体調は随分良くなりました are interchangeable (you cannot\ncontrol your physical condition perfectly). 宿題は大分出来ました is perfectly fine, too\n(roughly 70-80% is completed). However, 宿題は随分出来ました is a nuanced sentence like\n\"I didn't expect this but (somehow) I made a progress a lot\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T02:30:35.177",
"id": "77005",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T02:30:35.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77002",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "These three adverbs have pretty similar meanings so one may say that they are\nsynonyms. But they are not always interchangeable as their usage differs a\nbit:\n\n随分{ずいぶん} means “very,” “extremely,” “awfully” or “certainly,” and is used when\nthe speaker wants to express that the degree of something is higher than they\nwere expecting.\n\n> E.g:この荷物{にもつ}はずいぶん重{おも}いですね。\n>\n> This luggage is extremely heavy, isn’t it? (Connotation: Did not expect the\n> luggage to be so heavy.)\n\n大分{だいぶ} means “considerably/quite/very” and shows that the degree or quantity\nof something is higher than average.\n\n> E.g.今日{きょう}はだいぶ暖{あたた}かい。\n>\n> It is pretty warm today. (Connotation: The warmth is higher than avarage)\n\n非常{ひじょう} means \"outstanding/unusual/not average\" and shows that something is\nnot ordinary, often approaching an adverb like \"very\". Note also that this\nadverb is very strong, and is common to see it in the negative sense.\n\n> E.g.非常{ひじょう}に困{こま}っています。\n>\n> I am in deep waters. (Expression: I am very troubled.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T02:43:51.130",
"id": "77007",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T02:43:51.130",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "38717",
"parent_id": "77002",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
77002
|
77007
|
77005
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that literally this is related to green onion/leek, but there is this\nsentence: あ、ネギの妖精だ。 ~~This is in the end of description, how stupid was\nsomeone's actions.~~ I could possibly translate it to something like: \"What a\nmoron.\" telling from context. Thing is, I realy wonder what is exact meaning\nof ネギの妖精 and more generally, what is this in the first place? Thanks in\nadvance for your help!\n\nEdit: Unfortunately, I had this context wrong - this sentence was used when\ncharacter had noticed that someone else started to removing the onion/leek\nfrom her meal, because she was \"not in the mood\" to eat that kind of\nvegetable. This was explained later, after this problematic sentence, but I've\nstopped translating after being stuck on it. Nevertheless, with explained\ncontext, the question is still valid.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-02T22:56:20.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77003",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T21:23:49.737",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T21:23:49.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "38804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nouns"
],
"title": "Does anybody knows coloquial meaning of ネギの妖精?",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[
{
"body": "I assume you think whole ネギの妖精 is a set phrase, but it's not. \nHowever, ～の妖精 is literally translated into \"a fairy of ～,\" and is a funny\nexpression of \"someone obsessed with ～\" or \"someone always attracted to ～\" ,\nwhich is sometimes used in gag manga. \nネギ means a leek, so ネギの妖精 is someone {obsessed with/always attracted to}\nleeks. \nMore detailed context is required for better explanation, but \"あ、ネギの妖精だ。\"\nseems a line in gag manga and the meaning you guessed was \"What a moron,\" so\nthis meaning would be appropriate.\n\n* * *\n\n～の妖精 example:\n\nA「キリマンジャロとブルーマウンテンの違いってわかんないんだよな」 \nB「何の話～？」 \nA「うわコーヒーの妖精が来た」\n\nA: I don't know difference between Kilimanjaro coffee and Blue Mountain\ncoffee. \nB: What are you talking~? \nA: Aw a fairy of the coffee has come.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T02:46:31.813",
"id": "77008",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T11:42:12.140",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T11:42:12.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "38428",
"owner_user_id": "38428",
"parent_id": "77003",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77003
| null |
77008
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 「今日の登校中、<ラタトスク>の機関員が十香の嫉妬を **煽るように** いろいろと工作をするわ。士道はそれを受けつつ、上手く対応してちょうだい」\n\nHi. The context is that 琴里, the speaker and command of the 機関員, is talking to\n士道. 琴里 will ask the 機関員 to fan 十香’s jealousy and hope 士道 would cope with that.\n\nMy question is, we are taught that when 〜ように indicate purpose, volitional\nverbs can’t be used before 〜ように. But in this case, 煽る is a volitional verb so\nit breaks the rule. Is this a technical mistake on the writer’s part or is\nwhat I have been taught inaccurate? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T04:12:06.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77011",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-13T01:39:11.483",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-13T01:39:11.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Why is volitional verb used before 〜ように (in order to)?",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[] |
77011
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77015",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was adding sample sentences to my flash cards when I noticed that\n[取り消す](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E6%B6%88%E3%81%99)\nmeans withdraw.\n\n> 前言を取り消す\n>\n> withdraw [retract] one's statement\n\nThis reminded of a sample sentence for\n[取り下げる](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E4%B8%8B%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B)\n\n> 告訴を取り下げる\n>\n> retract an accusation\n\nIt's clear to me how 取る and 消す contribute to the meaning \"to withdraw, take\nback\" but I don't know what the role or the \"semantic contribution\" of 下げる is\nin this case. 下げる means to lower, right? Also, how do these two compound verbs\ndiffer in terms of nuance?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T05:38:00.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77013",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T06:32:49.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"compounds",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 取り消す vs 取り下げる?",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "取り下げる is used with an accusation, a bill (law), an academic article, a\nstatement of opinion, etc. Its use is limited to withdrawing things related to\nsomeone's claim or opinion. 取り消す is simply \"to cancel\", and it can be used\nwith a wider variety of things. You can use 取り消す with an order, a reservation,\netc. 発言を取り下げる and 発言を取り消す are interchangeable but the former sounds slightly\nmore formal or legal.\n\n> what the role or the \"semantic contribution\" of 下げる is\n\nWe can say 取り上げる (\"to bring **up** (a topic)\"), so I think 取り下げる can be\nunderstood as the opposite of it, i.e., asking others to forget.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T06:27:35.200",
"id": "77015",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T06:32:49.167",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T06:32:49.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77013",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77013
|
77015
|
77015
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As far as I know, \"it's getting colder\" is 寒くなってきた.\n\nThe way I'm understanding this is you're saying that the state of the weather\nbecoming colder has come, similar to how something might \"come to pass\" in\nEnglish.\n\nWhat confuses me is that this expression already uses くる in the past tense, so\nhow would you phrase \"it _was_ getting colder\"? Do I need some sort of\ntemporal noun or reference to a past time period, like \"last month\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T06:03:59.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77014",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T09:12:27.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38808",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do you express \"it's getting colder\" in the past tense? I.e. \"It was getting colder.\"",
"view_count": 302
}
|
[
{
"body": "I guess \"It was getting colder\" (unlike it's getting colder) would not be a\nstatement (without context), but more like (at least often) relating to what\nhappened at the time when it got colder.\n\nIf so, e.g. 寒くてってきたごろ。。。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T14:21:40.877",
"id": "77025",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T14:21:40.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "77014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "寒くなってきた is surely a phrase for a situation when English speakers would say\n\"it's getting colder\", but that doesn't mean that they are exactly the same.\nSo, it's not necessarily constructive to develop it.\n\nAs you might know, \"was -ing\" can be expressed with ていた if the conjugated verb\nis durative one. In this regard, 寒くなる is, however, an instantaneous verb, in\nother words, 寒くなっていた only means \"it had gotten cold\".\n\nSo, you have to change it into a durative verb like 寒くなってくる or 寒くなっていく, then,\nconjugate it into ていた form of each of them, i.e. 寒くなってきていた and 寒くなっていっていた\n(rare).\n\nBesides, you can use 寒くなりつつあった too.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T17:00:46.390",
"id": "77029",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T17:00:46.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "77014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
77014
| null |
77029
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77024",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am listening to a song and came across 君を思う気持ち. I thought it just means \"the\nfeeling of thinking about you\", but apparently not. Looking at the lyrics\ntranslation, it means \"you are always on my mind\", but I can't even begin to\nfathom how it means that. Is the translation right? If not, what does it\nactually mean? Looking at jisho 思う really doesn't sway too much from meaning\n\"think\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T07:51:43.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77016",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T12:53:39.167",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T12:45:39.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "38428",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "君を思う気持ち meaning and nuance",
"view_count": 328
}
|
[
{
"body": "I can see where you are coming from. 君を思う気持ち as a noun phrase would literally\ntranslate to \"the feeling of thinking about you\", but that just fails to\nconvey what it _means_.\n\n君を思う isn't just \"I'm thinking about you.\" It's a confession of love, in a\nlittle more indirect, elegant, graceful way that is so wonderfully Japanese.\nSo how would you translate that? \"I love you\" would be just too blunt and\nlacks grace. I think \"you are always on my mind\" is a much better one,\nassuming it's put in a proper context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T12:53:39.167",
"id": "77024",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T12:53:39.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "77016",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77016
|
77024
|
77024
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77020",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the manga Shinya no Dame Koizukan (深夜のダメ恋図鑑), I spotted four different\nsymbols (marked in red in the picture). The Ψ symbol is even repeated a few\ntimes, but I can't figure out what it means.\n\nI've tried searching up Japanese symbols and have gone through Wikipedia's\n[List of Japanese typographic\nsymbols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_typographic_symbols)\netc. but I can't seem to find the following symbols anywhere. What do they\nmean? Thanks in advance for your help!\n\nEdit: They look like Greek, but from the context, I believe the speech should\nbe in Gifu dialect and there shouldn't be any Greek used :(\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jaMv7.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T09:40:43.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77017",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T16:28:17.783",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T19:35:37.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "38809",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"manga",
"orthography",
"punctuation",
"symbols"
],
"title": "What do these symbols in manga mean?",
"view_count": 15066
}
|
[
{
"body": "This seems to be an encoding/typesetting issue and the \"symbols\" are indeed\nGreek letters Ψ, Π, π that seem to be displayed instead of `!`, `?`, `〜`.\n\nThere is another typographical oddity that suggests something went wrong here:\nthe _chōonpu_ (long vowel marker) `ー` (for example in はーい or おーいっ) should be\n_vertical_ in vertical writing, but it appears horizontal here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T11:32:34.733",
"id": "77020",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T11:32:34.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "77017",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
77017
|
77020
|
77020
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "* リーさん **ぐらい** 動物好きな人はいない。\n * リーさん **ほど** 動物好きな人はいない。\n\nWhat is the difference between these two sentences.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T10:54:05.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77019",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T18:26:52.450",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-03T15:50:17.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "38812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "What is the difference between くらい～はない & ほど～はない?",
"view_count": 359
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this specific case, the two sentences are interchangeable and there is\nalmost no difference in meaning.\n\nBut that does not mean くらい/ぐらい/ほど are always interchangeable. For more generic\ndiscussion, see the following questions:\n\n * [The difference between くらい and ほど in hyperbole](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2392/5010)\n * [What is the difference between 「ほど」 (hodo) and 「ぐらい」 (gurai)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/408/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T18:26:52.450",
"id": "77031",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T18:26:52.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77019",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77019
| null |
77031
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I just came across this sentence while studying verb する\n\n山田さんは英語の先生をしている - (As per the book it translated to \" Yamada-san is an English\nTeacher)\n\n * My question is why did not we use です instead of する and make the sentence into 山田さんは英語の先生です (which also has the same meaning)? \n * Further, is there any difference in the nuance between the two sentences?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T11:37:30.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77021",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-09T20:49:53.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between です and をする in the following passage",
"view_count": 380
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's close to \"Yamada-san works as an English teacher\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T17:14:11.457",
"id": "77030",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T17:14:11.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "77021",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "です is a statement that **A is B** , while している is a denotation of being so.\n\n * 山田さんは英語の先生をしている -- has been an English teacher. \n * 山田さんは英語の先生です -- is an English teacher. \n\nOn the first one, we surely understand she is doing now. The latter one is a\ngeneral phrase and also might 山田さん retired some time ago, but she is still a\nteacher. In case of this, `先生をしていた` would fit perfectly.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T03:15:44.200",
"id": "77131",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-09T20:49:53.980",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-09T20:49:53.980",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "77021",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Here, we are comparing two options:\n\n> a) 山田さんは英語の **先生をしている。** / しています。\n>\n> b) 山田さんは英語の **先生だ。** / です。\n\nLet's focus on (a) first. If you check this\n[link](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%82%BA%E3%82%8B/), you'd see that\nit says:\n\n> **2** ㋑ある役割を努める。\n\nThis roughly translates to \"to play a role.\" In other words, you can translate\n(a) as \"Yamada-san plays the role of a teacher.\" He may or may not be\nprofessional/licensed teacher in the strictest sense of the word, but he acts\nas a teacher.\n\nNow, let's look at (b). From this\n[link](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99/#jn-151501), です\nhas this definition\n\n> 断定の意を表す。\n\nThis translates \"to express a conclusion or decision.\" We see that だ or です is\nused in presenting that something--a concrete or abstract fact-- _ **is**_.\nThis is actually a conclusive statement (as opposed to expressions such as\nでしょう・だろう or かもしれません・かもしれない) and therefore shows certainty. In other words,\nthis is the most direct translation of \"Yamada-san is an English teacher.\"\n\nNow, why did the book's authors choose the translation \"Yamada-san is an\nEnglish teacher.\" for \"山田さんは英語の先生をしている.\" I think this is because \"Yamada-san\nis an English teacher.\" sounds more direct and natural than \"Yamada-san plays\nthe role of a teacher.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-09T06:55:50.947",
"id": "77163",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-09T13:37:49.353",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"parent_id": "77021",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77021
| null |
77131
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have heard words like パイセン instead of 先輩. Is this commonly used? Is this\napplicable to all words or only certain words? Some other examples: しくよろ\ninstead of よろしく",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T15:18:35.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77026",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T11:25:36.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Reversing the syllables of a word",
"view_count": 177
}
|
[
{
"body": "Young (from my perspective, I am 40+) do that a lot (in \"written\", like chat,\nless often spoken). Often used as responses, when a 1-word answer works. Not\napplicable to all words. (And I have not heard of \"しくよろ\") (yes, not using much\nof the よろしく either)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T15:33:24.717",
"id": "77027",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-03T15:33:24.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "77026",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I take the liberty to comment on this even though I am not going to say\nanything related to Japanese...\n\nIn French, there is a similar way of talking that is called \"Verlan\", in which\nyou invert syllables to confuse people (well originally, mostly to confuse and\nnot be understood by the police). In spoken language, it dates back to the 50s\nand it is quite widely used nowadays, in everyday words, by people who are\nroughly aged below 40-50.\n\nIt is so very interesting to know that it also exists in Japan ! :) Thank you\nfor sharing !",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T11:25:36.337",
"id": "77048",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T11:25:36.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38830",
"parent_id": "77026",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77026
| null |
77048
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93158",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From ear, despite what the conventional literature tells me, I often hear that\nthe accented mora has a higher amplitude, not just coming before the downstep.\nThis is particularly obvious in [This _Youtube_\nfragment](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dydnKjXjDk), where the recording\nequipment's low quality causes the audio to crackle on the **ga** -mora.\nSearching for it myself, I could only find\n[this](http://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Accent/accent.html), referencing one study\nthat finds it.\n\n> [...] and that since, in his data, the amplitude peak fell on the accented\n> syllable in the words in which the F0 fall was delayed [...]\n\nObviously this is an argumentative piece, and I cannot find the actual named\nresearch anywhere though many others that also reference it, and I cannot find\nanything else that corroborates it and searching for anything just seems to\ndraw a comparison to English where accent is indicated by amplitude — so does\nanyone else have anything that corroborates or disputes the notion that in\nJapanese, accented moræ tend to have a higher amplitude?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-03T20:21:09.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77033",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-26T22:00:35.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35937",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"phonology",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Higher amplitude in accented mora?",
"view_count": 160
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think confusion in this area often stems from misunderstanding what\n**lexical accent** is. \"Stress accent\" (in the case of English) and \"pitch\naccent\" (in the case of Japanese) are both types of lexical accent, a.k.a.\naccent on words.\n\nLexical accents are, _primarily_ , used not to convey emotion, but rather to\ndistinguish words. Each lexeme (word) has its own accent that is effectively\nstored with the word in your head.\n\nWhen words are phonetically realized, they need to change somehow to reflect\nthe lexical accent. In Japanese, pitch is used -- it is unusual for the\namplitude to change just to reflect the accent. In other words:\n\n**In neutral renditions of an accent phrase, the accented mora only increases\nin pitch, not in amplitude.**\n\n_**However, not all utterances in normal speech are neutral.**_\n\nJust because Japanese doesn't have stress _accent_ (i.e., a lexical stress),\nthat doesn't mean it doesn't have emphasis at all. You can emphasize words in\nJapanese, and that can cause changes in amplitude as well as exaggerate the\nlows and highs in existing pitch.\n\n# How emphasis affects amplitude and pitch\n\nAs for how emphasis will specifically affect the amplitude of each mora in the\naccent phrase, it varies. Here are some examples.\n\n 1. Sometimes the _first mora_ gets said louder (and/or with more tension and/or with more built-up pressure):\n\n> **こ** りゃ・たまったも＼んじゃな＼いわ\n\n(I'm bolding the emphasized mora, not the accented mora. The accented mora are\nfollowed by ＼. So, the こ is low in pitch but is said loud, or with built-up\npressure, like っこ.)\n\n 2. For this sentence, the beginning of the middle accent phrase could also be emphasized (which would in fact **lower** its pitch, and increase its amplitude):\n\n> こりゃ・ **た** まったも＼んじゃな＼いわ\n\n 3. And sometimes the _accented mora_ gets said louder:\n\n> こりゃ・たまった **も** ＼んじゃな＼いわ\n\n(The emphasis happens to align with the accented mora here, so the pitch of も\nis high, probably higher than usual, and it is said louder.)\n\nP.S., for this sentence I think the first rendition is actually most likely.\n\n 4. You can also hear particles at the _end_ of an accent phrase get higher pitch and higher amplitude, even when there is a proceeding accent kernel in the phrase:\n\n> A. 彼をですか？ \n> B. いや、彼 **も** ですよ\n\nThis emphasis of も on the accent phrase of か＼れも would result in も being said\nlouder, as well as the pitch going higher (for purposes of intonation, not\npitch accent), resulting in an ending pitch of approximately かれもですよ{HLHLLL}.\n\n# So is amplitude completely flat in neutral utterances?\n\nAll that said, humans aren't robots, and there is no _fully_ neutral utterance\nexcept in extremely controlled environments. In general you should expect a\ntiny bit of fluctation in amplitude around the accent kernel simply because\nyou need to tense your vocal chords to generate higher pitch and you may end\nup increasing amplitude as a result. But the increased amplitude doesn't sound\nlike the accent, it sounds like emphasis, especially if it's large enough. For\nexample, in your linked audio clip, it does sound like the speaker is slightly\nemphasizing the word compared to a completely neutral rendition.\n\nThe important thing to understand is that if you increase the amplitude for\nevery single accent kernel in a sentence, it will sound utterly bizarre,\nbecause that's not how pitch accent works -- almost as if you are trying to\nemphasize tons of random words. This is a common mistake of stress-accent-L1\nlearners when they study pitch accent and it sticks out considerably.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-01-26T22:00:35.563",
"id": "93158",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-26T22:00:35.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "77033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77033
|
93158
|
93158
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I type 全ては必然 in jisho.org, it spits out \"すべてはひつぜん\", as expected. (So it\nreads 必 as _hitsu_ , and keeps the particle は as written.)\n\nIf I type 必ずたどり着くから, it spits out \"かならずたどりつくから\", as expected. (So it reads 必\nas _kanara.zu_ )\n\nHow does the dictionary know which pronunciation of 必 is correct in context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T06:37:28.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77043",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T15:21:31.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"dictionary"
],
"title": "How do online dictionaries find the correct pronunciation of kanji in context?",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "Do you use a Japanese IME? It can convert hiragana to ordinary mixed-kanji-\nkana sentences, although it sometimes make mistakes. Jisho.org does a similar\nthing, but in the opposite direction.\n\nThis can be achieved by programs called _morphological analyzers_.\n[MeCab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeCab) is one of the best-known, but\nthere are other open-source software. The technical details are beyond the\nscope of this site, but this is a technically challenging problem, and recent\nones generally use large dictionaries and machine learning. Here's an example\noutput of [kuromoji](https://www.atilika.org/):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XYCXg.png)\n\nThere are a few words that are read differently in different contexts. For\nexample, 人気 is read either ひとけ or にんき depending on the context. (English also\nhas the same problem; _read_ , _wind_ and _minute_ have multiple possible\nreadings.) Recent good morphological analyzers may handle even cases like\nthis, but the one implemented in jisho.org does not seem to be smart enough to\nme.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Wikipedia: Text Segmentation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_segmentation)\n * [Is it possible to algorithmically convert Japanese text to Romaji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56640/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T07:30:11.640",
"id": "77044",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T15:21:31.810",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-04T15:21:31.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77043",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77043
| null |
77044
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77051",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 日本 **に** 留学すれば、日本料理が食べられるようになります。\n\nWhy is に used in this particular sentence?\n\nI'd use で because I think する is an action verb, not a state verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T09:25:45.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77046",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T14:08:18.090",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-04T13:42:35.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "に with action verbs",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "This に is a destination marker, the same に as in 日本に行く. You can say 日本 **へ**\n留学すれば, too. It's also possible to say 日本で留学すれば, but we usually prefer に/へ. You\ncan find examples\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%95%99%E5%AD%A6/example/). (So\nthis means that \"to study abroad\" sometimes does not work as a direct\ntranslation of 留学. I think we have to remember this fact.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T13:57:13.103",
"id": "77051",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T14:08:18.090",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-04T14:08:18.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77046",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77046
|
77051
|
77051
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading a visual novel in English because I'm not in any position to\neven think about reading one in Japanese yet, but at the same time despite\nbeing firmly at the starting blocks of any language learning, I still have a\nhabit listening out for words and phrases in the voice over that I might know\nbefore immediately looking at the English text. One of the hardest things for\nme to untangle is how things are translated from Japanese into English in a\nmore naturally presented way, as opposed to focusing on the very literal\ntranslation of a sentence lacking nuance (which I have a bad habit of getting\nhung up on), such as specific words being mentioned in the Japanese but worded\nin a different way in English.\n\nSo for the example, context is two characters romantically involved, in\nresponse to the question \"can we hold hands while we sleep tonight?\", (after a\nbit of back and forth in the vein of \"we already do that every night\") the\nresponse from the other character was translated as \"It's fine, though, of\ncourse. How about we get a little closer than that?\". In Japanese this\nsentence is **いいよ、もちろん。ついでに体も繋がっちゃう？**. I understand bits of this sentence\nwhen chopped up, but it's bringing it together in a way that resembles the\nofficial translation I'm stuck on.\n\nNow, \"いいよ、もちろん\" isn't a problem, very easy for me to see that there. ついでに I\nunderstand to mean while/at the same time and is used when you're taking\nadvantage of an opportunity to perform an additional action which I think I\nunderstand on its own given the prior context. The Japanese sentence contains\n体 (body) and the verb 繋がる which means \"to be connected to\", this also appears\nto have the verb ending ちゃう I've not encountered before (something about\nbodies being connected?). But I'm having trouble bringing these pieces\ntogether and seeing this as the complete sentence. Especially with any\nnuances, I imagine the sentence is referring to more than a simple hug for\nexample, as the official translation seems to imply.\n\nI am, quite obviously, getting above my station here in terms of my knowledge\nof the language vs the things I pick out to analyse, that's not lost on me,\nbut this one has been bugging me regardless so if anyone could help me\nunderstand here I'd be appreciative.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T10:54:39.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77047",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T01:26:27.597",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T01:26:27.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "38827",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "How does this Japanese sentence differ from this \"official\" English translation (ついでに体も繋がっちゃう)?",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "ちゃう is a colloquial variation of てしまう, which typically means \"to end up (with\na bad result)\", but in this case it means \"to do it (and worry later)\" or \"to\ndo it anyway\". See [What are these forms: かけちゃお,\nつないじゃお?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4781/5010). Your understanding\nof ついでに, 体 and 繋がる seems to be fine.\n\n * 繋がる: to be connected\n * 体が繋がる: our bodies are connected\n * 体も繋がる: our bodies are connected, too\n * 体も繋がってしまう: even our bodies are connected, too\n * 体も繋がっちゃう: (the colloquial variant of the above)\n\nSo \"ついでに体も繋がっちゃう?\" literally means \"while we're at it, (what if, not only our\nhands but) also our bodies are connected?\"\n\n> I imagine the sentence is referring to more than a simple hug for example,\n> as the official translation seems to imply.\n\nThe original Japanese sentence may look a little more explicit then the\nEnglish translation, but there is still room for interpreting it as \"just a\nhug\", and such an ambiguity is probably what made this sentence sound more\ninteresting. Therefore, I think \"How about we get a little closer than that?\"\nis a good translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T12:47:14.977",
"id": "77049",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T13:27:15.830",
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"score": 6
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77049
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77057",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that both 末{すえ} and 終了{しゅうりょう} mean \"end,\" but is there a difference\nbetween them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T13:51:41.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77050",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 末 and 終了?",
"view_count": 357
}
|
[
{
"body": "終了 is in the sense of \"completed\". E.g. 今日の仕事は終了しました。 - today's work has been\ncompleted / finished\n\n末 refers to the end (part) of something, e.g. 年末{ねんまつ} - the end of the year\n\nCare has to be taken in how you pronounce it, as すえ or まつ. For example here:\n１月の末 - the end (part) of January\n\nThis can be read in both ways, but generally speaking, すえ would refer to the\nlast few days of January, whereas まつ refers to the very end, that is, only the\n31st of January.\n\nAlso, be careful not to mix up 末 and 未. The latter is used when something is\nnot yet finished, e.g. 未{ま}だ (this is often written in hiragana only), or\n未来{みらい} = future, literally \"not yet come\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T16:02:05.133",
"id": "77057",
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"score": 2
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77057
|
77057
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77054",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "★please note: if it’s possible, I wouldn’t want the whole sentence translated\nas I want to do it myself. I’d prefer to have information about my questions\nwith examples in other sentences than this one. I learn more than when I’m\njust given an answer. Of course, if it can’t be explained without explaining\nthe whole sentence it’s ok too!\n\n保険制度『の』おかげ『で』患者『の』支払う医療費『は』月数万程度［だ]『が』 [Page in the left, second panel from\nthe top, first bubble on the\nright.](https://www.sukima.me/bv/t/blackjackniyoroshiku/v/1/s/3/p/14)\n\n月 can mean moon but that’s not it here so I’d logically narrow it down to the\nmeaning of month. But considering what comes after, I don’t know how to word\nit!\n\n数万 means “tens of thousands” and 程度 means “degree”.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T13:58:37.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77052",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T16:39:07.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37089",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"readings",
"conjugations",
"manga"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 月 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 月【つき】 means \"per month\". You may know [に is used for this\npurpose](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/37059/5010), but [1日]{いちにち}, 週,\n月 and 年 work like a shorthand and you don't have to say に. (いち must be used\nonly before 日. 週/月/年 is preceded by nothing.)\n\nExamples:\n\n * 年1回 \nonce a year\n\n * 1日3錠 \n3 tables/pills per day\n\n * 1日1時間 \nan hour a day (not \"a day and an hour\"; see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58968/5010))\n\n * 月5本 \n5 episodes/lessons/etc a month\n\n * 週5日 \nfive days a week\n\n* * *\n\n程度 in this context is \"about\" or \"roughly\". So 月数万程度 means \"about tens of\nthousands of yen a month\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T14:31:05.317",
"id": "77054",
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"score": 3
}
] |
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|
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77055",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I checked the definitions in here for\n[生産](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3_%28%E3%81%9B%E3%81%84%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%29/#jn-121550)\nand [生出](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%94%9F%E5%87%BA/#jn-121790) and\nthere appears to be a huge overlap between the two words. That said, what is\nthe major difference between these two?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T14:17:06.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77053",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-04T19:16:01.357",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-04T14:43:49.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 生出 and 生産？",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "**産出【さんしゅつ】** : production (of natural resources and agricultural crops)\n\n * 中国は小麦の産出量で世界一だ。\n * 石油の産出で有名な国。\n\n**生産【せいさん】** : production (mainly for industrial products, but also for\nnatural resources and crops)\n\n * この工場では車の部品を生産している。\n * 中国は小麦の生産量で世界一だ。\n\n(Strictly speaking, as defined in the dictionary you checked, 生産 can be used\nfor human reproduction in highly academic contexts. For example 総再生産率 means\n[gross reproduction\nrate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_reproduction_rate). But not many\nnative speakers are familiar with this usage, and it's wise to always avoid\nusing 生産 for humans unless you are talking with experts.)\n\n**出生【しゅっせい】** : birth\n\n * 王子の出生を祝うパーティーが開かれた。\n * 日本の出生数は低下傾向だ。\n\n(出産 is also \"birth\" but it's closer to medical \"delivery\" as the last process\nof pregnancy.)\n\n**輩出【はいしゅつ】** : production (of capable people from school)\n\n * この大学は多数の政治家を輩出している。\n\n* * *\n\n**生出【せいしゅつ】** is an old word and it's extremely rare in modern Japanese. You\nprobably don't have to remember this. (My IME and I did not know this.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T14:52:52.703",
"id": "77055",
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"score": 8
}
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77053
|
77055
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77055
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"body": "I've heard 能力 being read as \"ちから\" while checking up Japanese subs for Death\nnote. (e.g. そしてキラの能は他に渡った…). But all dictionaries I've consulted say that 能力\nis only read as \"のうりょく\" or \"のうりき\" and that \"ちから\" is actually written \"力\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T16:14:31.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77058",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-21T00:34:52.417",
"last_edit_date": "2021-07-21T00:34:52.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30910",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"creative-furigana"
],
"title": "Can 能力 can also be read as \"ちから\"?",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[] |
77058
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference in using 楽 and まし. For example: 死んだほうがましだ against\n死んだほうが楽だ. They both mean \"It is easier to die (than to do something else)\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T17:43:40.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77060",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T05:21:14.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "まし vs 楽 when used as comparison",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are semantically different words. 楽 means _easy_ (antonym for\n_tough/tiresome/hard_ ) whereas まし is nuanced _better_ , or \"not satisfactory\nbut at least better than something even worse\" (See: [What's the meaning and\nusage of ~マシだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40221/5010)).\n\n死んだほうが楽だ and 死んだほうがましだ does not sound that different simply because 死ぬ is a\nthing that is normally both _tough_ and _bad_. But _tough_ and _bad_ is not\nalways the same. For example, imagine you are a traveler and decided to take a\nlong, steep but safe mountain road, avoiding a short but bandit-appearing\nroad. In this case, the mountain path is _tougher_ but _better_. So you would\nsay こちらの山道の方がマシだ, but not こちらの山道の方が楽だ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T05:13:45.780",
"id": "77069",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got this sentence from hinative.com to mean \"I live three blocks away from\nhere.\"\n\n> ここから3ブロック離れたところに住んでいます。\n\nNow I'm wondering about other ways to use the word 離れる／離れた and whether 所 is\nalways necessary. Are the following sentences correct? What is the most\nnatural way to say this?\n\n> 映画館はここから二百メートル離れた所にあります。 \n> 映画館はここから二百メートル離れた所です。 \n> 映画館はここから二百メートル離れました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-04T19:58:23.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77061",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T04:53:49.760",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T04:53:49.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "38741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Distances between places using 離れる",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "Quick preface: My answer responds to \"how to say how far one place is from\nanother\" rather than specifically using 離れる。I don't personally have experience\nhearing people use hanareru for this purpose, but it could just be that my own\nlearning isn't far enough or that it's from a dialect I haven't heard\n(Everything below is keigo/polite unless I specify otherwise, meaning it's\nmore of a textbook answer; also I'm not Japanese btw so this is not a native\nperspective).\n\nAlso keep in mind that in the example I give I use ここ for a question and the\nanswer. If you need a specific measurement, it might be better in the reply to\nspecify そこ.\n\n* * *\n\nI've honestly never heard _離れる_ as a verb for specific measurements of\ndistance like \"3 blocks\" or \"200 meters\". For distance, I've generally heard\neither:\n\n> １）「{destination｝｛は・が｝｛place｝から ｛distance｝先にあります」\n>\n> _(\"[destination] ha/ga [place] kara_ _[distance] saki ni arimasu\")_\n\nWhich would come out as something like:\n\n> １）「映画館はここから二百メートル先にあります。」\n>\n> _(Eigakan ha koko kara nihyaku meetoru saki ni arimasu)_\n\nKeep in mind that in context this might sound normal, but if you're learning\ngeneral keigo/polite speech then:\n\n> １）「ここから映画館は。。。」\n>\n> _(koko kara eigakan ha...)_\n\nmight be better in comparison to starting the sentence with _「映画館は。。。」(eigakan\nha ...)_ , but I don't think it matters much outside of sounding natural,\nwhich changes from dialect to dialect anyways so don't worry about it too much\n(I can't think of many other things at the moment that are like this),\n\nCompared to the second way I've heard (which is below this part), this first\nway of talking about distance is much better suited for starting a\nconversation about distance rather than answering a question. If someone\npolitely asked you:「ここから映画館は何メートル先にありますか。」 _(koko kara, eigakan ha nan meetoru\nsaki ni arimasu ka?)_ , it would sound super weird to respond with the full\nphrase response: 「ここから映画館が二百メートル先にあります。」 _(koko kara, eigakan ga (ha would\nsound even weirder) nihyaku meetoru saki ni arimasu)_. If you wanted to be\nextra polite by using this more polite phrasing of distance, you should at\nleast drop _ここから_ , but it might be best to drop the _映画館が_ as well unless\nit's somebody with **much higher** status you're talking to.\n\nExample:\n\n> 混乱な人：「すみませんけど。ここから映画館は 何メートル先にありますか。」\n>\n> _(konranna hito (literally \"confused person\"):_ _\"sumimasenkedo. koko kara\n> eigakan ha_ _nanmeetoru saki ni arimasu ka.)_\n>\n> 君の応答：「二百メートル先にあります。」 か 「映画館が二百メートル先にあります。」\n>\n> _(Your response: \"nihyaku meetoru saki ni arimasu\" or_ *\"eigakan ga nihyaku\n> meetoru saki ni arimasu\").\n\n_(Don't underestimate the \"ga\" instead of \"ha\" as your particle of choice if\nyou go for the more complete one)_\n\n* * *\n\nThe second way I've heard that is keigo would be a lot simpler:\n\n> ２）「ここから二百メートルです」\n>\n> _(koko kara nihyaku meetoru desu)_\n\nThis way sounds a lot more natural as a response and it still works well as an\nexpression too (though on a scale of one to oh-my-keigo it's a bit less\npolite, but still polite enough for most business/non-casual situations).\n\nI'd say this is a bit more common in my experience for casual and keigo speak,\nbut it's good to know the first way. If the place you're going to isn't\nalready a topic you could add in 「{place｝は」at the beginning or after the\n「ここから」. If it is obvious you're talking about the place you're going to, but\nyou want to spice up the politeness level a bit, do the same thing except use\nが instead of は as the particle to sound a bit more natural.\n\nExample:\n\n> 混乱な人：「すみません。ここから映画館は何メートルですか。」\n>\n> _(konranna hito: \"sumimasen. koko kara eigakan ha nanmeetoru desu ka\".)_\n>\n> 君の応答：「ここから二百メートルです。」\n>\n> _(kimi no outou: \"koko kara nihyaku meetoru desu\".)_\n\nDropping the 「ここから」is fine as well in most situations. This format is also\nwhat you'd use for non-keigo/casual-speech. You'd just make the standard non-\nkeigo form changes by replacing words with more casual words if they exist,\nshortening/omitting words that are able to be shortened/omitted without losing\nthe meaning, and using tone to portray meaning instead of words/particles.\n\nNon-Keigo Example:\n\n> 混乱な友達：「おい！映画館… 何メートル？」\n>\n> _(konranna tomodachi: \"oi! eigakan... nanmeetoru?\")_\n>\n> 君の応答：「ああ、二百メートルだ」\n>\n> _(kimi no outou: \"ah, nihyaku meetoru da\")_",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-05-04T21:36:31.170",
"id": "77062",
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77061
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"body": "My understanding of 互いに 'mutually' or 'each other', while the auxiliary verb\n合う usually means 'to/with each other'. I have seen sentences with them used\ntogether but also with only one and I'm wondering what the difference is.\n\nFor example:\n\n> あの二匹の犬は互いに追いかけ合っています\n>\n> あの二匹の犬は互いに追いかけています。\n>\n> あの二匹の犬は追いかけ合っています。\n\nOr:\n\n> 私たちは月に一回互いにメール交換をし合っています。\n>\n> 私たちは月に一回互いにメール交換をしています。\n>\n> 私たちは月に一回メール交換し合っています。\n\nOr:\n\n> 彼らは互いに話し合っています。\n>\n> 彼らは互いに話しています。\n>\n> 彼らは話し合っています。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T02:00:09.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77065",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T05:41:42.243",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T02:18:39.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "7953",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "し合う vs 互いに. What nuance do they add or what is the nuance when one is removed from a sentence?",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "From goo辞書:\n[互いに](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BA%92%E3%81%84%E3%81%AB/)\n\n> ［副］双方が同じようなことをしあうさま。また、同じような状態にあるさま。「互いに顔を見合わす」「互いに助け合う」\n\nAnd I think 合う: _\"to/with each other.\"_ is valid here.\n\nWithout contexts, it is bit hard to explain though, especially first example\nabout dogs. Sorry for not being concise.\n\nMy interpretation is,\n\n * あの二匹の犬は互いに追いかけ合っています : \n\nTwo dogs are chasing each other in a way of circling around or back and forth,\netc.\n\n * あの二匹の犬は互いに追いかけています。:\n\nThis one could be two dogs doing the same thing i.e in the same state. So, it\nmight be two dogs chasing the same thing ex) Toy-Bones for dogs or something\ndogs tend to chase. So, it can be dogs are actually not chasing each other.\nBut it still depends on the context. We know at least two dogs are \"chasing\".\n\n * あの二匹の犬は追いかけ合っています。: \n\nI think this is the same as No.1. But in my perception of the reality, I tend\nto imagine this sentence as more static than the first one i.e. Dogs taking a\nrest and trying to catch the back of another dog if one has been caught and\nstart the chasing-game again.\n\n* * *\n\n * 私たちは月に一回互いにメール交換をし合っています。\n * 私たちは月に一回互いにメール交換をしています。\n * 私たちは月に一回メール交換し合っています。\n\nI think the these three are equivalent in most cases. Using メール交換 makes what\nthey are doing is more clearer. The last one is bit ambiguous. It can be\nexchanging e-mails to other than agents of the subject.\n\n* * *\n\n * 彼らは互いに話し合っています。\n * 彼らは互いに話しています。\n * 彼らは話し合っています。\n\nI think this one is close to No.1. First one describes one group having a\nconversation. Second one is bit ambiguous without the context. They are just\ntalking to someone else other than themselves. i.e. in the same state. The\nlast one can be same as first one, but it might be as same as dogs' example.\nIt might not be dynamically talking to each other such as real-time\nconversation, but it may mean \"negotiating\". So, it can be more static and\nused as the concept.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T05:41:42.243",
"id": "77070",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T05:41:42.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "77065",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
77065
| null |
77070
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77068",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found that there're two ways to pronounce the transcription of りゆう, that\nare:\n\n * Riyū. For example: Riyū in 理由 (reason)\n * Ryū. For example: Ryūgakusei in 留学生 (International student)\n\nSo in certain situation, how can I know which one to choose?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T04:01:35.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77067",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T04:46:39.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of りゆう：Riyū or Ryū",
"view_count": 962
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are spelled differently. Riyū is always りゆう and Ryū is always りゅう. The\nlatter contains a [yō-on](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Don). Notice the\n**small** ゆ, which is different from the normal ゆ. (If you don't know about\nsmall ゆ, please refer to any beginner textbook.)\n\nIf you saw りゆう for 留 in modern Japanese book, it's most likely a typo, but\nthere are rare exceptions:\n\n * If you are reading a very old document (or a citation from an old document), you may see りゆう for 留 because the small ゆ was not common before [the postwar script reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_script_reform).\n * In furigana, a small や/ゆ/よ/つ is sometimes rendered like a regular (large) や/ゆ/よ/つ because furigana are already small. This depends on the publisher. See the subtle difference below:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ocssF.png)\n\nBTW りゅう may be [difficult to\npronounce/hear](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41931/5010) to native\nEnglish speakers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T04:34:21.827",
"id": "77068",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T04:46:39.580",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T04:46:39.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77067",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
77067
|
77068
|
77068
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm learning from Genki 1 right now, and working my way through the workbook.\n\nThe sentence I'm confused about is this:\n\n> 『私は図書館の前でロバートさんを待ちました。』\n\nI'm already aware of the usage pattern of 『に』 with 『ある』 in terms of locations,\nsuch as 『机の上にねこがある』。\n\nBecause I've only ever seen 『に』 used with locating objects before, I'm\nwondering, is it ok to use 『で』 instead in some contexts? I mean, I suppose if\nit's a sentence in the book then it would be correct lol, but I still feel\ncompelled to ask :P",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T13:46:00.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77072",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T08:40:54.433",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T13:48:56.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36546",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"grammar",
"に-and-で"
],
"title": "Particulars of 『に』 and 『で』 in this context",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "で marks some sort of means by which something is done, be it some sort of\ntool, a location, a material, an amount of time. In many ways, this acts as an\nadverb marker\n\nWhen a place functions as an adverb, a place where something is done, で is the\nparticle you want to use.\n\nに acts as a locus marker. It marks a place a person or thing exists, moves, or\nis moved, in or out of.\n\nOnly use に when the location is a place where something is, or something is\nbeing placed, moved to or from.\n\n私は図書館の前でロバートさんを待ちました。\n\nI waited for Robert in front of the library.\n\n(The waiting was done at this particular place.)\n\n私は図書館の前に自転車を止めました。\n\nI stopped/parked the bike in front of the library.\n\n(The library isn't a place where something was done, per se, but it is a\nlocation where the bike is now at.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T08:40:54.433",
"id": "77116",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T08:40:54.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38882",
"parent_id": "77072",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
77072
| null |
77116
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence:\n\nその次の週は空いてますか。\n\n 1. Why would they say 次の週 instead of 来週?\n 2. Why would they say その before 次の週? Would この also work?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T15:26:45.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77075",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T16:46:31.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36978",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 次の週 and 来週?",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Why would they say 次の週 instead of 来週?**\n\nBecause like the phrase `next week` in English, `来週` is generally assumed to\nbe relative to the time when it is uttered.\n\n> 来週は空いていますか。\n>\n> Are (you) free next week?\n\nIs a question about whether someone is free in the next week after whenever it\nwas asked. `来週` is not really used to talk about relative time in reference to\nanything other than the present. [次の週 can do\nthat](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/21190/7705), though.\n\n> その次の週は空いてますか。\n>\n> Are (you) free the following week (after some particular week)?\n\n**Why would they say その before 次の週?**\n\nTo make it clear that this is the week after some relevant particular week.\nYou might also think of this, meaning wise, like `それの次の週`, where `それ` is some\nweek. As the post linked above says, this is optional, but frequently used.\n\n**Would この also work?**\n\nI would not expect to see `この` here in most cases, though I can conceive of\nsituations where it could be appropriate, like if both parties were in front\nof a calendar and the speaker were pointing at weeks. I am not going to write\nan in-depth explanation of the difference between `その` and `この` here, as that\ndoesn't seem to be what the question is about.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T16:21:02.727",
"id": "77077",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T16:46:31.350",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "77075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
77075
|
77077
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77077
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77080",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 申し訳ございません\n\nOftentimes, I hear people say this when they apologize. Recently, I’ve learned\nthat you can also say\n\n> 申し訳有りません\n\nBut I’ve never heard anyone actually say it in this form. Is this form common?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T16:48:20.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77079",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T20:13:32.770",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T18:38:20.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "38652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"negation"
],
"title": "Is using ありません common when apologizing?",
"view_count": 328
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, 申し訳ありません is perfectly natural. It's politer than すみません but less polite\nthan 申し訳ございません. Hotel clerks may stick to 申し訳ございません, and you should use\n申し訳ございません in a serious formal apology, too, but there are cases where 申し訳ありません\nis enough.\n\n**EDIT:** For example, if you're saying \"I'm sorry\" to your close boss in the\nsame section, 申し訳ございません can be an overkill, and I usually say すみません or\n申し訳ありません. Of course this largely depends on your workplace, so if everyone\naround you is saying 申し訳ございません even in this situation, you may want to do the\nsame.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T18:33:22.550",
"id": "77080",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T20:13:32.770",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T20:13:32.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77079",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "申し訳ございません is more polite than 申し訳ありません, but both are very common. (In a store\nyou might hear the former more often, since in this setting it's common for\nthe salesperson to use the most polite form.)\n\n申し訳ないです is also very common, but ないです is a more informal version of ありません that\nwould be used in a more casual setting.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T18:37:23.880",
"id": "77081",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T18:37:23.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "77079",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77079
|
77080
|
77080
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77083",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does 魔晄 really mean and how is it read?\n\nThe [FF VII Wiki](https://finalfantasy.fandom.com/wiki/Mako) lists Mako (Kanji\nis 魔晄) as meaning \"magic light\". I am assuming the furigana for this Kanji is\n魔{ま}晄{こう} based on the English word Mako.\n\nFrom my [jisho search](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%AD%94%E6%99%84), it\nappears this Kanji 魔晄 does not exists in the system? I did not get any search\nresults back. I did get several search results back for 魔{ま} which has many\nmeanings relating to magic, spirits, sorcery, evil spirit etc. based on kanji\nand context. Searching for 晄 on [jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%99%84) I\nget no results.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T19:02:28.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77082",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T08:31:55.310",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-06T08:31:55.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "32971",
"owner_user_id": "32971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"video-games"
],
"title": "Meaning of Mako variant Kanji from Final Fantasy 7",
"view_count": 1587
}
|
[
{
"body": "魔晄{まこう} is a compound invented for the game, which is why you won't find it in\nany dictionary.\n\nThe reason the second character is difficult to find is that 晄 is a rare\nvariant of the more common 晃 (\"bright, dazzling\"). Even if I had never seen\nthe character 晄, I would be likely to guess the reading こう by interpreting it\nas a 形声文字. It seems like a stretch to translate it as \"magic light\", but since\nthis is a fictional term of art, some poetic license is probably appropriate.\n\nGiven the appearance of mako in the game, 晄 is probably intended to suggest\nbrightness and brilliance. As you observed, 魔 suggests 魔法{まほう} (\"magic\") as\nwell as the meanings of spirits in the context of the game.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T20:18:20.443",
"id": "77083",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T22:21:03.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T22:21:03.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "77082",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
77082
|
77083
|
77083
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The words 頑張る and 最善を尽くす both means \"do my best\". What's the difference and\nwhen should I use each of them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T20:33:49.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77085",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-04T02:08:50.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "頑張る and 最善を尽くす differences",
"view_count": 239
}
|
[
{
"body": "頑張る does not have the meaning of \"my best\". ALC gives [20 possible\ntranslations of\n頑張る](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E9%A0%91%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8B), which do not\ninclude \"do my best\". It is just \"to work hard\".\n\n頑張る is fairly common, and 最善を尽くす is a big and serious set phrase you should\nuse sparingly.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T03:59:45.380",
"id": "77088",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T03:59:45.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77085",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "頑張る sounds more \"making strenuous effort\" which can be positive or negative.\nIt can imply you are giving it your best shot or you are just wasting\nenergy/trifling in a different context.\n\nHowever, 最善を尽くす sounds one is trying to find the best scenario as much as\npossible. It does not sound like \"brute-force\".\n\nProbably, in a medical situation, saying 頑張る : \"do one's best\" does not take\npatients to be comfortable to receive the service by doctors. I think 最善を尽くす :\n\"using the best solutions as much as they can\" relieving patients more.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-04T02:08:50.680",
"id": "80950",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-04T02:08:50.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "77085",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77085
| null |
80950
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77087",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「入って間も無い千穂だが、こういった **隙間隙間** できちんと仕事を求めて立ち回るのである。」\n\nThe context of this sentence is that 千穂 is a relatively new worker at a fast\nfood restaurant and was, just before a customer entered, talking to her\ncoworker. It is mentioned that at the current moment nobody was at the\nregister (which is not inflicted with any working-rules or anything). Further\nit is mentioned that this is not a terribly busy time for the restaurant.\n\nI was just wondering why 「隙間」is repeated here. In my eyes the sentence would\nmake sense without this repetition as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T21:20:03.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77086",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T23:22:54.463",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-05T23:08:12.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "35673",
"owner_user_id": "35673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Question about the repetition of 「隙間」",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "隙間{すきま} here is used to describe \"Whenever you have time you have no\nparticular task\". Probably in most business, chore work usually has not been\ncompletely done at once.\n\nSo, when you have free time, you should be able to find something to do in the\nrestaurant. Probably doing less imminent tasks such as refilling dish-washing\nsoaps or you can hand out flyer on the street or asking another drink from\ncustomers, etc. other than doing cashier register or cooking food and serving\nmeals to the guests.\n\nCo-worker might be expecting working more adaptively from moment to moment at\nthe restaurant.\n\nI think it is irrelevant if 千穂 is new worker or not and is not limited to the\nrestaurant. My co-worker at the office send messages like\n「スキマ時間で、これ手伝って頂けると有り難いです。」 _\"If you have spare time, it would be grateful to\nhelp get this stuff done\"_\n\nRecently I see スキマ(時間) more often than 隙間{すきま} in business news paper, but I\nthink its meaning is the same.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-05T23:22:54.463",
"id": "77087",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-05T23:22:54.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "77086",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77086
|
77087
|
77087
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77090",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It is said by one of supporter in a boxing match between Numata and Aoyama.\nThe supporter said it after Numata had been down.\n\n> しっかりしろい！ **おめっち** からかわれているんだぜ青山によ\n\nI searched and found that おめっち means おまえたち (you guys) so I tried to translate\nlike this:\n\n\"Pull yourself together (Numata)! Because of you guys, Aoyama has changed (a\nway to fight)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T04:00:59.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77089",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T18:16:17.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「おめっち」mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe this おめっち is **singular** \"you\" because this person is speaking to\none person in front of him. おめ corresponds to お前. ~~っち is probably a suffix\nexplained[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29635/5010) (oh, it's\nyour question)~~. おめっち is not common but I sometimes hear おれっち/おらっち, which\nmeans \"I\" rather than \"we\".\n\nAnd this からかわれている is not \"から + 変われている\" but the passive form of\n[からかう](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%8F%B6%E6%8F%84%E3%81%86). から meaning\n\"because of\" or \"out of\" follows a noun that represents an emotion (e.g.,\n怒りから, 焦りから), but it does not follow a personal noun.\n\n> おめっちからかわれているんだぜ青山によ \n> You're being teased by Aoyama!\n\n**EDIT:** Oh, according to [this\nexplanation](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E#%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1)\non Wikipedia and\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BF%BA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1-223141), っち in おれっち\nis etymologically 達! Still, as far as I know, it never means plural \"we\"\ntoday.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T04:12:08.787",
"id": "77090",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T18:16:17.913",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-06T18:16:17.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77089",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
77089
|
77090
|
77090
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77092",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Source: <https://b.hatena.ne.jp/entry/4685177829409008642/comment/kincity>\n\n>\n> こういう語りをするやつがほんとに音楽業界全般見てるの？という疑問がいつもある。ジャズ寄り音楽家とかは毎晩ライブやって生きてたりするよね。CD3000枚でドヤるのも正直\n> **うざいどす** 。\n\n[goo.ne](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%86%E3%81%96%E3%81%84/)\ndefines 「うざい」as:\n\n> ［形］《「うざったい」の省略形。「うぜえ」とも》あれこれとうるさい。わずらわしい。\n\n〜どす is another way of saying 〜です in 京都弁 according to\n[goo.ne](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/dialect/2042/m0u/)\n\nWhy did the commentor use うざい here? Or perhaps うざい has a nuance meaning of 多い\nhere?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T04:15:50.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77091",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T06:12:58.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"phrases",
"dialects"
],
"title": "What does 「うざいどす」 mean?",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "ウザい is a slangy adjective meaning \"annoying\", \"irritating\", \"gets on my\nnerves\", etc. It does not mean 多い.\n\nどす is a feminine Kyoto-ben variant of です. I think he used it not because he is\na Kyotoite but because he wanted to make this sound milder by using a funny\nsentence ending (どす may be [associated with\nsarcasm](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/69455/5010), too).\n\n> CD3000枚でドヤるのも正直うざいどす\n>\n> Also, TBH having (only) 3,000 CDs and bragging about it is annoying to me.\n\nThis person is saying having 3,000 CDs is not special nor important.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T04:24:13.977",
"id": "77092",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T06:12:58.793",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77091",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77091
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77092
|
77092
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 幾重にも、幾重にも、その手を血の色で上塗りしていきながら、だが男は決して怯まなかった。\n\nCan one use ながら and だが together ? this seems rather perplexing to me .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T05:51:12.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77093",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T17:36:18.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence"
],
"title": "clarification about ながら and だが being linked together",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, the combination of ながら and だが/しかし is used, but mainly in literary works.\nI checked BCCWJ and the majority of examples were from literary works. This\ncombination is interchangeable with ながらも, which is already a stiff expression,\nbut ながら+だが/しかし sounds considerably more \"dramatic\" to me.\n\n * 口調は穏やかながらも、目は笑っていない。 \n口調は穏やかながら、しかし目は笑っていない。\n\n * 彼女は貧しいながらも幸せな生活を送った。 \n彼女は貧しいながら、だが幸せな生活を送った。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T17:21:11.743",
"id": "77104",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T17:36:18.967",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-06T17:36:18.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77093",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77093
| null |
77104
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77099",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both have similar meanings of **\"hurt\"**",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T08:26:32.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77095",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T07:33:11.240",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-06T08:53:13.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "35642",
"owner_user_id": "35642",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 傷つくand 苦しむ",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "苦しむ is more like \"to suffer\", and it's used with a longstanding difficulty\nsuch as poverty, disease and bad reputation. 傷つく is \"to be hurt\" and it's\nusually used with a one-time shock (either physical or mental).\n\nExamples:\n\n * 2年間この病気で苦しんだ。 \nI suffered from this disease for two years.\n\n * 悪い噂に苦しんだ。 \nI suffered from bad rumors.\n\n * ピストルで撃たれて肩が傷ついた。 \nI was shot with a pistol and my shoulder was hurt.\n\n * 彼の冷酷な言葉に傷ついた。 \nI was hurt by his cruel words.\n\nThe transitive versions are 苦しめる (\"to bother/torment someone\") and 傷つける (\"to\nhurt someone/something\"), respectively.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T13:14:35.107",
"id": "77099",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T16:41:29.323",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-06T16:41:29.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77095",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "苦しむ means to suffer or put up with something, such as a disease or bad\nsituation (苦 has meanings of \"suffering,\" \"trial,\" \"hardship,\" \"pain,\"\n\"bitterness,\" etc...)\n\n傷つく can have a few different meanings; let's begin with the general meaning of\n傷 itself which means \"wound,\" \"injury,\" \"cut,\" \"gash\" etc. つく itself is a\ndifferent verb which can also have a range of meanings, such as \"affix,\"\n\"arrive,\" \"wear,\" \"be attached.\" So 傷つく can mean to acquire an injury in the\nfigurative or literal sense.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T07:49:06.650",
"id": "77113",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T07:33:11.240",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-08T07:33:11.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "38882",
"owner_user_id": "38882",
"parent_id": "77095",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77095
|
77099
|
77099
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77117",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know if my analysis and interpretation is accurate or not.\n\n> この人の家族『は』一体どんな気持ち『で』100万円出したんだ...?\n> [Source](https://www.sukima.me/bv/t/blackjackniyoroshiku/v/1/s/3/p/18)\n\n**Interpretation**\n\n * この this → 人(person)の(possessive marker)家族(family)『は』(topic marker): \n_This person’s family is the topic of the sentence, what the sentence is\nabout._\n\n * 一体(what the hell)どんな(what kind of)気持ち(feeling)『で』(manner of action): \n_How the heck do they feel (the family of the person)_\n\n * 100万円(100x10,000 yen) 出した(to take out) んだ (casual of のだ, used for emphasis): \n_to have paid 100万円_.\n\n * Full sentence:\n\n> How the hell does that person’s family feel about having paid 1000000 yen?\n\nP.S.: Is there a difference between 気持 **ち** and 気持? I have two separate\nentries in my dictionary but as far from I can tell they are identical.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T13:47:11.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77100",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T00:08:30.863",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "37089",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"kanji",
"particles",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Interpretation of この人の家族『は』一体どんな気持ち『で』100万円出したんだ...?",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you understand the parts of the sentence very well.\n\nThe only thing that seems a little off about your translation is that it\nsuggests the family is _retrospectively_ thinking about having paid 100万円. But\nas you note, で marks a \"manner of action\", i.e. the part 一体どんな気持ちで is about\nhow the family felt before or at the time of paying 100万円.\n\nSo I would say it should be more along the lines of\n\n> * How in the world did [this person's] family feel when giving him\n> 1,000,000 Yen?\n>\n> * In what kind of mindset / frame of mind must [this person's] family have\n> been to pay 1,000,000 Yen?\n>\n> * etc.\n>\n>\n\nThere isn't enough context for a fitting translation, but お金を出す would be\nequally natural if that person had asked his family for money to pay off his\ngambling debts, for example.\n\nP.S. 気持ち and 気持 are two different ways of writing the same word. In these kind\nof words _okurigana_ are sometimes omitted, just as in 受付 v. 受け付け v. 受付け. (For\nthese two words 気持ち and 受付 happen to be the most common spellings.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T11:43:17.037",
"id": "77117",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T00:08:30.863",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "77100",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77100
|
77117
|
77117
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77102",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Currently I am studying the ~ので,。。 grammar and, according to the book, I\nshould use the short form before it, such as in `もっと勉強したので、頭が痛いです。` Then, when\nI have a な-adj or noun, can I write it as follows for the presente tense ??:\n`元気だので、外に行きます。`instead of `元気なので、外に行きます。`which is the correct form according\nto the text book? or is it wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T14:40:29.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77101",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T15:10:30.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38798",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "な-adj/noun + ので [because structure]",
"view_count": 170
}
|
[
{
"body": "Not sure what you mean by the 'short form'. I'm guessing you mean the\ndictionary form rather than masu form. So, as you say, 勉強したので is correct.\n\n元気 **だ** ので is wrong. In the non-past tense nouns and na-adjectives both take\nな; never だ. So you would have 元気 **な** ので, 先生 **な** ので etc.\n\nHowever, in the past tense you would still use だった; there is no replacement\nwith な in this case. So 元気 **だった** ので, 先生 **だった** ので etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T15:10:30.537",
"id": "77102",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T15:10:30.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "77101",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77101
|
77102
|
77102
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77105",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "... この事がお母さまに或いは悪い祟りをするのではあるまいかと、心配で心配で...\n\nKazuka is wondering about if she caused a curse to happen to her mother by\nburning the snake eggs. I understand the general meaning but the suffix \"mai\"\nconfuses me a little bit.\n\nIt's a suffix used to convey a negative meaning, right? ie. 'probably isn't'\nor 'musn't'. But here, it is challenging for me to understand why the author\nused it. It feels like it weakens the possibility of Kazuka harming her\nmother, but we know that she is anxious about her actions. Or is it used here\nto strengthen the if clause?\n\nThis is \"The Setting Sun\" by Osamu Dazai by the way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T15:16:47.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77103",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T18:01:12.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Suffix まい in this context",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "まい is a negative inference/volition marker, and あるまい is interchangeable with\nないだろう/なかろう.\n\n> 犬ではあるまい。 \n> = 犬ではないだろう。 \n> = 犬ではなかろう。 \n> = It's probably not a dog.\n\nBut when they are followed by か, the meaning is switched. (If you know\nではない(の)か, this is in the same vein.) See also [Difference between だろうか and\nではないだろうか](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34189/5010).\n\n> 犬ではあるまい **か** 。 \n> = 犬ではないだろう **か** 。 \n> = 犬ではなかろう **か** 。 \n> = It's a dog, isn't it?\n\nYour sentence can be rephrased to 祟りをするのではないだろうか, so she is thinking it is\nlikely to cause a curse.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T18:01:12.737",
"id": "77105",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-06T18:01:12.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77103",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
77103
|
77105
|
77105
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77110",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I recently learned the word ムキムキ and what instantly struck me was how it\nappears to be some kind of a visual pun.\n\nム representing a flexed arm\n\nキ representing a classic barbell\n\nTogether they appear to be a set of arms exercising which seems appropriate\nconsidering the word means muscular/brawny. Is this just a coincidence?\n\nI have found one [blog post](https://midorixde.exblog.jp/26707302/) which\nseems to suggests it comes from the German word 'Muskel' but the phonetic\ntranslation seems to be quite different.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T18:52:28.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77106",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T13:40:51.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Is the word ムキムキ a deliberate visual pun?",
"view_count": 2653
}
|
[
{
"body": "Although it is an interesting observation, it is unlikely to be anything more\nthan a coincidence. There is an established theoretical body of literature on\nJapanese sound symbolism which takes into account things like phonoaesthetics.\nIt seems that some onomatopoeic forms use particular combinations of\nconsonants and vowels to convey a range of related concepts. It is most likely\nto be derived from such linguistic phenomenon. According to Tranter in \"The\nLanguages of Japan and Korea\", most of these words are not derivable from\ncontent words anyway. In English, you see a similar thing in words like\n'glow', 'glisten', 'glitter', 'glimmer', etc, which all convey something to do\nwith light/reflection.\n\nAlso, although icons such as the ones you mentioned are ubiquitous these days,\nthey weren't prevalent before the huge explosion in the spread of mobile\ndevices in the last 15 years, whereas words like ムキムキ were.\n\nDespite that, there is no reason to not use it as a visual pun :)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-06T21:37:53.590",
"id": "77109",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T13:40:51.580",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-07T13:40:51.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "77106",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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{
"body": "Expanding on kandyman's answer.\n\n### Origins of _mukimuki_ : probably not German\n\nAccording to the Shogakukan _Kokugo Dai Jiten_ (KDJ) entry\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%90%91%E5%90%91-2086184), the first cited\ntextual instance of a word _mukimuki_ is way back in the 700s in the\n_Man'yōshū_ poetry anthology. This is much older than the German word _Muskel_\n(\"muscle\"), of which _Mucki_ is a derivation. Per the **Herkunft**\n(\"Etymology\") section in the Duden entry\n[here](https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Muskel#herkunft), _Muskel_ traces\nback to Latin _musculus_ (\"little mouse\"), presumably from the way a flexing\nmuscle looks a bit like a small animal moving around.\n\n### Origins of _mukimuki_ : sense development\n\nAgain per [the KDJ\nentry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%90%91%E5%90%91-2086184), _mukimuki_ meant\nsomething more like \"each going in whichever facing ( _muki_ ) or direction\",\nand this extended to a sense of \"different preferences and inclinations\". We\nsee similar senses listed in the Daijisen and Daijirin entries\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%90%91%E3%81%8D%E5%90%91%E3%81%8D-641095).\n\nSo far, none of these list any sense related to \"muscular\". We don't find that\nuntil we look\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%80%E3%81%8D%E3%82%80%E3%81%8D-641096)\nin the Daijisen entry for the kana-only spellizang むきむき, or\n[here](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%80%E3%81%8D%E3%82%80%E3%81%8D) in\nthe Japanese Wiktionary.\n\nI can't find anything directly relevant to how the \"muscular\" sense arose. I\nsuspect two possibilities:\n\n * From the oldest sense of \"each going in whichever direction\", developing from the idea of \"able to go whatever way\", to \"capable / strong\" in general, and from there to \"muscular\". \nThis seems less likely, given the sizable semantic (meaning-wise) gap between\n\"each in their own direction\" to \"muscular\". The KDJ in particular is pretty\ngood about listing historical development where known, and [their entry for\n向き向き](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%90%91%E5%90%91-2086184) is missing any such\ndetails.\n\n * Instead, a vowel shift and slight semantic shift from similarly-structured adverb _mukumuku_ (\"thickly, in a billowing or bulging manner\"), first [cited in the KDJ](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%80%E3%81%8F%E3%82%80%E3%81%8F-641167#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8) to a text from 1254. \n_Mukumuku_ is limited to soft contexts, things like cotton batting or clouds\nor smoke. However, here we do have nearly the same word, with a similar\n\"bulging\" sense. There is at least one other example of a reduplicative adverb\npair with one ending in _-u_ and the other in _-i_ , specifically _kurukuru_ ↔\n_kurikuri_ , of overlapping but not identical meanings. The pair _sukusuku_ ↔\n_sukisuki_ also have close senses and may be related, demonstrating a similar\nstructure.\n\n### Tentative conclusion about the derivation\n\nWhile I cannot find anything definitively stating when the \"muscular\" sense\narose, I suspect it is significantly older than contact between Japanese\nspeakers and German speakers, and indeed possibly older than the German word\n_Mucki_ itself. As others have noted, this Japanese word is also much older\nthan emoji.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T00:39:05.860",
"id": "77110",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T00:39:05.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "77106",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
77106
|
77110
|
77110
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently studying などという and なんて. I have seen that they ESSENTIALLY mean\n(things/people/etc. like~). However this confuses me with what's the\ndifference between these and just とか?\n\nAs in a sentence like this: アメリカで空手なんてあまりできないから、日本にいるうちに経験してみたら？\n\nMy guess is that, if we look at などという and break it down, it's something\n(maybe) like, \"the thing like/such as karate\", it's adding some kind of\nemotion?? (as I have seen in some other research on this grammar). Or perhaps\nlike, \"you can't do anything even remotely similar to Karate in America! So\nwhy don't you experience it now?\"\n\nI can't work out if the above sentence is giving 空手 as an example or what.\nThis is what is confusing me now between just regular など and とか.\n\nI have looked at the other answers concerning などという and なんて but can't grasp\nit's meaning in some cases - as to whether it is truly giving an example or is\nworking something like こんな/こういう like expressions etc.\n\nEDIT: I guess the full sentence would be アメリカで空手などというスポーツあまりできないから.... so the\nsentence would literally mean \"You can't do anything like karate in america\"\nand is thus emphasis 空手 a bit?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T01:20:28.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77111",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T08:20:16.197",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-07T06:21:23.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "31878",
"owner_user_id": "31878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "How do などという/なんて differ from とか/など?",
"view_count": 365
}
|
[
{
"body": "空手なんて - in this case, the speaker is giving karate some sort of special\nstatus, a specialty that you can only do in a particular situation (in this\nparticular case, Japan) that the listener should take advantage\n\n空手などということ - this is a bit similar to the above expression, except karate might\nbe being listed among a number of other similar things. など (等) is the key\nword. Look at other structures where this is used. (E.g. AやBやC等...)\n\n空手など - Using this expression in this context sounds rather flippant, so it\nsounds rather strange being used here. It does mean \"such as,\" but it isn't\ntreating karate as anything special, rather, as an item on a list of other\nsimilar things.\n\n空手とか - \"such as\", but again, it isn't treating karate with any importance,\nwhich is why it would sound strange here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T08:20:16.197",
"id": "77115",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T08:20:16.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38882",
"parent_id": "77111",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77111
| null |
77115
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77114",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context:\n\n> 身長{しんちょう}はどれくらいありますか。\n\nWhy is it that ありますか is used instead of ですか？ Is there a difference or is it\njust interchangeable? I've searched everywhere but I am not sure what is the\nanswer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T01:45:20.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77112",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-07T07:56:51.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38717",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "どれくらいです vs どれくらいあります",
"view_count": 50
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are both grammatically different ways of asking the same thing.\n\n身長はどれくらいですか。\n\nAbout how much is your height? (Direct translation.)\n\n身長はどれくらいありますか。\n\nAbout how much is there to your height? (Direct translation.)\n\nThough in Japanese these are grammatically different, in English, these\nsentences can both be translated to: \"What is your approximate height?\" or\n\"About how tall are you?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T07:56:51.360",
"id": "77114",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77112
|
77114
|
77114
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77119",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't understand how 仕掛け is used in on the [second\npanel](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uJNSb.jpg):\n\n> 仕掛けはもう竿に付いてるから\n>\n> 針にエサつけて放りこみゃいい\n\nMy attempt at understanding this:\n\nBecause 仕掛け is already attached to the rod, (you just need to) attach the bait\nto the hook then cast.\n\nI would think 仕掛け = gadget = hook, though 針 is used to refer to hook right\nafterward, so I'm a bit doubtful that's it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T13:49:03.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77118",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "38878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How is 仕掛け used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "I did check this link: <https://tsurineta.69moons.com/method-horsemackere-\nukiduri/>\n\nIt seems that 仕掛け refers to everything but the fishing rod.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T13:54:30.173",
"id": "77119",
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"score": 3
}
] |
77118
|
77119
|
77119
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are there any differences between 手を差し伸べる, 手伝う and 助ける? They all mean \"I will\nhelp you\". In which situations would I use each of them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T19:04:13.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77120",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T03:04:19.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "手を差し伸べる vs 手伝う vs 助ける",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "Very much different in their nuances.\n\n手を差し伸べる -- start helping someone who is desperate. \n例) マリアは祈るだけでなく難民の生活に手を差し伸べた\n\n手伝う -- general 'help' \n例) マリアは皿洗いを手伝った\n\n助ける -- save, rescue and help something. \n例) 消防士は瀕死のマリアを助けた\n\nUse them carefully with looking up you dictionary. Some Japanese dictionaries\nprovide you some collocations. \nSee also 支える",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T03:04:19.057",
"id": "77130",
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"parent_id": "77120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
77120
| null |
77130
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When using あまり and そんなに with a verb, for example: そんなにいらない and あまりいらない, is\nthere a difference? I think they both translate to \"I don't really need it\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T19:36:46.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77121",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T03:21:32.733",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-08T03:21:32.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between あまり and そんなに when used with a verb",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, there are subtle differences.\n\nWith そんなにいらない, you should mentally picture a pile, and you are pointing at it\nand saying \"I don't need _that_ much\" or \"I need less than _that_ \" but you\nstill need it to some extent, just not as much as _that_. With あまりいらない,\nthere's no subject of the comparison. You are just saying your need is small\nto non-existent.\n\nOn the spectrum of \"I need it badly\" to \"I definitely don't want it,\" when I\nhear \"I don't really need it\" it's pretty firmly on the negative side.\nそんなにいらない can be used in that situation, but it's also often used when you do\nneed it. Consider this:\n\n> 塩は大さじ一杯くらい？ (would one table spoon worth of salt do?)\n>\n> あー、そんなにいらない！小さじ一杯くらいで十分。 (That's way too much. One tea spoon would be\n> plenty)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T01:27:22.960",
"id": "77127",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T01:27:22.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
"parent_id": "77121",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77121
| null |
77127
|
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While working through the Tobira textbook, I came to a grammar point Chapter 1\n- #5. This stated verb stems and adverbial い-adj form could be used to combine\nsentences as in:\n\n> 1. 昨日は友達とレストランで晩ご飯を **食べ** 、その後、映画を見に行った。\n>\n> 2. この地方は冬は雪が **多く** 、夏はとても暑い。\n>\n>\n\nIt doesn't give English translations but I take these sentences to mean:\n\n> 1. Yesterday I ate dinner with my friend at a restaurant, and after that\n> we went to go watch a movie.\n>\n> 2. In this region, the winters have a lot of snow and the summers are very\n> hot.\n>\n>\n\nMy question is whether this grammar structure can only be used with non-\nconjugated phrases. This mostly concerns negative vs. affirmative sense, since\nthe 1st example shows that the first phrase will have the same past/non-past\nsense as the following phrase.\n\nFor example, (following the pattern of い-adj --> て-form w/out て) do these make\nsense/sound idiomatic:\n\n> 3. 姉は **高くなく** 、まだ早くジョギングができます。\n>\n\n>\n> _My sister is not tall, and still she can jog quickly_\n>\n> 4. 今日お昼ご飯を **食べなく** 、4時よりおなかがペコペコになってしまいました。\n>\n\n>\n> _Today I did not eat lunch, and from 4 o-clock on I became hungry_\n\nIf these do not make sense, is there a similar grammar structure to use? Or\nwould just a word with the opposite sense be used instead?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-07T23:55:40.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77124",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-09T00:35:38.947",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34051",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjunctions",
"written-language"
],
"title": "Conjunctions using stems, and its conjugation",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're right. That's how you conjugate ない forms, and I find nothing wrong with\nthe following examples that you provided:\n\n> 3. 姉は **高くなく** 、まだ早くジョギングができます。\n>\n\n>\n> _My sister is not tall, and still she can jog quickly_\n>\n> 4. 今日お昼ご飯を **食べなく** 、4時よりおなかがペコペコになってしまいました。\n>\n\n>\n> _Today I did not eat lunch, and from 4 o-clock on I became hungry_\n\nThat being said, please do note that this form is more common in written\nJapanese than in spoken Japanese. As far as I know, patterns like い-adj -->\nて-form are more common in spoken Japanese.\n\nTo include Mindful's correction, the last option is better written as\n\n> 4. 今日お昼ご飯を **食べないで** 、4時よりおなかがペコペコになってしまいました。\n>",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T00:13:00.230",
"id": "77126",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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77124
| null |
77126
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I wanted to write a sentence that means:\n\n> Okinawa and Hokkaido are different, their climate and the time cherry\n> blossoms bloom differ.\n\nI was wondering if this would be the appropriate way to write that:\n\n> 沖縄と北海道が違い、気候とか桜を咲く時とか違います。\n\nI want to make sure the second phrase doesn't sound like \"climate and cherry-\nblossom-blooming time are different (from each other)\"\n\nAnother way I could think of writing this is (but might have two 違い too\nclose):\n\n> ~,その違いが気候とか桜を咲く時です。\n\nBasically, is there a grammatically different way to express \"This two things\nare different\" vs. \"This two things differ on these two points\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T00:10:32.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77125",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-17T14:03:42.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34051",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Specifying what's different between two things, 違い",
"view_count": 218
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Okinawa and Hokkaido are different, their climate and the time cherry\n> blossoms bloom differ. \n> 沖縄と北海道 ~~が~~ **の気候は** 違い、 ~~気候とか~~ 桜 ~~を~~ **が** 咲く時 ~~とか~~ **も** 違います。\n\nWell, google translation should be improved. And people should use it with the\nproper word order... \nSo the technique, first rewrite the sentence easier and simpler.\n\n> The climate are different in Okinawa and Hokkaido. \n> 沖縄と北海道は気候が違います \n> So as the cherry blossom times are, too. \n> そして桜が咲く時期も違います\n\nThis helps in any language. (I think I hope)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T02:52:37.877",
"id": "77129",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T02:52:37.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "77125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I understood your question as asking whether different constructions are used\nto express the ideas of\n\n> A and B are different\n\nand\n\n> X and Y are different\n\nwhere the statement\n\n> A and B are different in X and Y\n\nis true.\n\nIf my understanding is correct, I find it to be a very interesting question.\n\nYour English sentence, which is actually two sentences connected only with a\ncomma, can be translated as:\n\n> 沖縄と北海道 **は** 違います。気候と桜の咲く時期 **が** 違います。\n\nAnd these can be combined into one sentence, as below:\n\n> 沖縄と北海道 **は** 、気候と桜の咲く時期 **が** 違います。\n\nActually, 気候 **や** 桜の咲く時期 sounds more natural than 気候 **と** 桜の咲く時期 because\nthere must be other things that are also different, not just those two.\nHowever, let’s use と here so we can focus on the main difference, which is\nthat of は and が.\n\nAlthough I cannot say for sure this is a definite rule, I think that, unless A\n(沖縄) and B (北海道) appear in a subordinate clause, they usually don’t take the\nsubject’s spot with the subject marker が in a sentence with 違う. That spot\nseems to be reserved for X (気候) and Y (桜の咲く時期), which are properties in which\nA and B differ.\n\nHere is an example where A and B appear in a subordinate clause:\n\n> 沖縄と北海道 **が** 違うのは、気候と桜の咲く時期です。\n\nは may be used with X and Y to emphasize the difference in them in contrast to\nsimilarity in other aspects of A and B.\n\n> 沖縄と北海道はどちらも人気がありますが、気候と桜の咲く時期 **は** 違います。\n\nBy the way,\n\n> 沖縄と北海道 **は** 、気候と桜の咲く時期が違います。\n\nsounds a bit like it is meant for someone who already knows Okinawa and\nHokkaido are different in some way and wants to know what’s different. In\nother words, the information conveyed by the first of the two original\nsentences is assumed to be already known.\n\nIf this is a problem, you could add で, as follows:\n\n> 沖縄と北海道 **では** 、気候や桜の咲く時期が違います。\n\nThis で limits the scope of comparison to Okinawa and Hokkaido before the\nsentence goes on to state what’s different between them. It makes no\nassumption about the listener’s prior knowledge about Okinawa and Hokkaido and\ntherefore works for anyone.\n\nLastly, although grammatically perfect, these sentences contain a logical\nissue inherited from the original English sentence. The reason why the time\ncherry blossoms bloom is different is precisely because climate is different.\nBut that’s a different issue…",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-03T12:41:22.340",
"id": "86453",
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] |
77125
| null |
86453
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77139",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm fairly certain 方 is being used as a suffix in the following sentence based\non three things; as explained below, but I would like a secondary opinion to\nconfirm or deny my claim.\n\n> 実戦では、拳法のような型や構え **方** は意味がない。\n\n 1. According to [Tai Kim's guide](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/comparison#Using_to_express_a_way_to_do_something), 方 is used as a noun and is read in two different ways, かた and ほう. I doubt the 方 is being used as a noun in my sentence, based on my second piece of reasoning.\n\n 2. Seeing as 型や構え are two nouns connected by the や particle, 方 can only either be a verb (highly unlikely) or a suffix for the sentence fragment to make syntactical sense in Japanese.\n\n 3. In the definition of the かた reading for 方 [here](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%96%B9), the third provided definition \"noun, noun - used as suffix translated as 'method of; manner of; way of' has the following example sentence.\n\n> その少年はカーブの投げ方を知っている。\n\n3.2 Seeing as how 投げ is most likely being used as a noun; and is before the 方;\nI came to the conclusion my 方 is also being used in the same manner; which\nappears to be as a suffix.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T02:32:47.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77128",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T07:11:23.377",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-08T02:41:44.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Is 方 being used as a suffix in this sentence?",
"view_count": 171
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes this 方 is a suffix, and it's the same as 方 as in 投げ【なげ】方【かた】. 構え【かまえ】方【かた】\nmeans \"way of taking a posture\". Although 構え can be used as a noun on its own,\nhere it's used as a verb, forming a noun _in combination with_ 方. That is,\nit's parsed like `(型)や(構え方)`, not `(型や構え)方`.\n\nBy the way, what's the difference between 型 and 構え方? 型 (\"form\") includes moves\nof martial arts (e.g., how to punch, kick or throw), whereas 構え方 is only about\ntaking a good posture.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T07:11:23.377",
"id": "77139",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
77128
|
77139
|
77139
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "この映画はよかったです.\n\nor\n\nこの映画はいいでした.\n\nMy understanding is that they both have the same literal meaning. Is there a\nsubtle difference between them? And, does it sound more natual to use one or\nthe other?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T03:21:42.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77132",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T09:22:39.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32802",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Most natural way to say \"This movie was good\"",
"view_count": 419
}
|
[] |
77132
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77222",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to practice simple translation from English to Japanese.\n\nI'm around N4 level so I started with something I thought was doable for me:\n\n> Today I woke up at 9:00 am. After I got up, I walked Nacho outside so he\n> could poo.\n\nAnd this was the translation I did:\n\n> 今日は９時午前に私が起きた。その後、外でナチョと散歩したからうんちする事ができる。\n\nI thought I did it right, but when I checked on Google Translate, this is what\ncame up:\n\n> I woke up at 9am today. After that, I took a walk with Nacho outside so **I\n> can poop.**\n\n* * *\n\nWhat did I do wrong there?\n\nI know Google Translate isn’t super reliable. So I want to check here if I\nreally did miss something in my translation.\n\nCan anyone shed some light? Thanks. :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T04:04:09.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77133",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-11T16:08:36.760",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-08T05:37:44.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "38868",
"owner_user_id": "38868",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What was wrong with my translation?",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let's look at your translation.\n\n> 今日は９時午前に私が起きた。その後、外でナチョと散歩したからうんちする事ができる。\n\nI find nothing wrong with the first sentence. It may not be the most natural\nway of saying \"I woke up 9 AM.\" but it does the job. The second sentence,\nhowever, needs some fixing. I see your attempt at translating \"so\" but as\nuser3856370 mentioned, this translates to a different grammar\n[pattern](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-you-ni/) which is not taught until\naround N3 level but is very useful.\n\nIf I were to translate the second sentence, I would write it something like\nthis.\n\n> その後、ナチョがうんこできるように、外に連れて行った。\n\nNot the best translation, but I think it gets the message across.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-11T16:08:36.760",
"id": "77222",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
] |
77133
|
77222
|
77222
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 選挙権は国民の権利 **でも** あれば、同時に義務 **でも** ある。\n\nI just came across this sentence in my textbook. I notice that the sentence\nuse \"でも\" instead of simply \"も.\" What's the difference between \"でも\" and \"も\" in\nthis context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T04:14:01.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77134",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-03T00:02:26.570",
"last_edit_date": "2022-05-03T00:02:26.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "35732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particles"
],
"title": "でも in 国民の権利でもあれば、同時に義務でもある",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "Xでもある and Xもある are different. Xでもある is Xである with も (\"also\") added after で.\nXもある is the same as Xがある but が is replaced by も (\"also\").\n\n * Xである = is X\n * Xでもある = is also X\n * Xがある = there is X\n * Xもある = there is also X\n\nCompare the following sentences:\n\n * 冷蔵庫にはリンゴ **もあり** 、バナナ **もある** 。 \nIn the fridge, there is an apple, and there is a banana, too.\n\n * 彼の好きな食べ物はリンゴ **でもあり** 、バナナ **でもある** 。 \nHis favorite food is an apple, and a banana, too.\n\nHere the sentence wants to say \"選挙権 **is** 国民の権利 and also 国民の義務\", so でもある is\nthe correct option.\n\n(BTW 選挙権は国民の義務である seems to be a wrong opinion to me, but that's another\nstory.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T04:32:49.570",
"id": "77135",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T04:32:49.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
77134
| null |
77135
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77138",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I currently playing a game and during the dialog a character says\n\n> そんなワケない **じゃな** イカ! イカだけに!\n\nWhat grammar concept is happening with じゃな + noun portion? Is it really just\nだな + noun?\n\nMy best guess in translating is that they are saying\n\n> That sort of thing is understandable, it's a squid! Given that it is a\n> squid!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T06:18:12.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "77137",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T06:46:38.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nouns"
],
"title": "じゃな + Noun grammar",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "This そんなワケないじゃなイカ is \"No way!\" or \"Nonsense!\", but said with a pun.\n\nThe sentence is the same as そんなワケないじゃないか, which is a double-negative\nrhetorical question that effectively means the same thing as the single\nnegative そんなワケない. (For this じゃないか, see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1485/5010).) Here, イカ is in\nkatakana because it's a pun on イカ (\"squid\"). If you see \"だけに\" used like this,\nit indicates the associated sentence is intended to be a pun. See: [How do\njokes with \"だけに\" work?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17389/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-08T06:46:38.810",
"id": "77138",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-08T06:46:38.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "77137",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
77137
|
77138
|
77138
|
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