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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the game あつまれどうぶつの森, フータ the owl's job is to evaluate fossils that the\nplayer brings him. If you bring him a fossil that's already in the collection,\nhe will say that if he had enough money he would buy it from you:\n\n> ま、それも かなわぬ夢なので\n>\n> とにかくこちらは お返しいたしますデス\n>\n> Well, that's just an impossible dream.\n>\n> Anyway, let me return this to you for now.\n\nMy question is: what kind of affectation is 〜ますです? In what speech register\nwould it even be appropriate? If it is appropriate in some speech register,\nwho typically speaks like this?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6m7Dx.jpg)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-18T21:56:08.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78638",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-19T00:58:43.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "816",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「〜ますです」: is it correct, and what kind of speaker would talk this way?",
"view_count": 289
}
|
[
{
"body": "ますです should be\n[二重敬語](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8D%E6%95%AC%E8%AA%9E-684414)\nas a grammar. お願いします or お願いです is a normal polite speech.\n\nHowever, from my knowledge, I think the game, manga, novel, etc. characters\noften say so adding the nuance of formality even if it is 二重敬語. It is\nconsensus that owls do not speak natural language, so writing です as デス implies\nowls trying to speak Japanese somewhat awkwardly as a result of mimicking\nnatural language.\n\nThe discussion [Is おはようです just\nweird](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/63162/is-%e3%81%8a%e3%81%af%e3%82%88%e3%81%86%e3%81%a7%e3%81%99-just-\nweird) also explains キャラ語尾 or how the です works in アニメ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-19T00:58:43.023",
"id": "78640",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-19T00:58:43.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "78638",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
78638
| null |
78640
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78657",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am doing [this](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-lessons/japanese-\ngrammar-exercises-relative-clauses/) exercise from wasabi-jpn.com. The\nexercise includes this sentence:\n\n```\n\n The sweater (I) bought last week was expensive.\n \n```\n\nApparently, the correct answer is\n\n```\n\n 先週買ったセーターは高かったです。\n \n```\n\nI realize that the particle は cannot be used after 先週 because it's a relative\nclause, but why there is no particle at all?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-18T22:53:48.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78639",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T14:05:21.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Why is the particle omitted in this relative clause?",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "Firstly, using the particle が would make no sense at all. が marks the\n**subject** of a verb, so 先週 **が** セーターを買いました would mean that \"last week\nbought a jumper\". Unless you have some bizarre world where you have\nanthropomorphised the weeks then this sentence is pure gibberish.\n\nは and が are not interchangeable ([see\nthis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-wa-%E3%81%AF-and-ga-%E3%81%8C)). は **can** mark a subject, but it does\nnot do so in this case. The subject in this sentence is the hidden/implied\n\"I\".\n\nAdding は to 先週 denotes that either 'last week' is the topic of the sentence,\nor that you are contrasting last week with some other time [see this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28017/when-do-you-\nmark-%E3%81%8D%E3%82%87%E3%81%86-or-other-similar-relative-time-expressions-\nwith-%E3%81%AF).\n\nFinally, you are right that は is not normally allowed in a relative clause,\nbut there is an exception. は can be retained if it is used as a contrast\nmarker rather than as a topic (see [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/54689/%E3%81%AF-\nvs-%E3%81%8C-in-subordinate-clauses/54693#54693)).\n\nIn conclusion, no particle is needed in either the full sentence above or in\nthe sentence which is just the relative clause.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T06:40:08.223",
"id": "78657",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T14:05:21.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T14:05:21.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "78639",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78639
|
78657
|
78657
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78654",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm kinda at a lost here. In what I'm translating (a song), a character says:\n\n> なんて言わないで\n>\n> 自己申告制\n\nMy main issue is...I have no clue how で is meant to be used here. One person I\nspoke to translated this as:\n\n> \"Don't say things like that.\"\n>\n> A self-reporting system.\n\nBut with で, wouldn't it be:\n\n> A self-reporting system [that requires/by means of] no talking.\n\nHowever, the rest of the sentence after で has no verb, so I don't think that\nwould work either...there was no comma in the original line, so I don't know\nif it'd be a conjunction, either (and if it were, wouldn't 言わないで be 言わなくて?)\n\nSorry if the answer is actually simple, but I haven't been able to figure this\none out. Am I missing something?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-19T02:08:03.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78641",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T21:06:05.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38740",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-で",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "なんて言わないで自己申告制, meaning of で?",
"view_count": 220
}
|
[
{
"body": "言わないで is a negative command, \"don't say.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T02:31:16.100",
"id": "78652",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T02:31:16.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5379",
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"post_type": "answer",
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{
"body": "ないで is the te-form of ない, but it can be a continuation marker (if it's in the\nmiddle of a sentence) or a request marker (if it's at the end of a sentence).\n\n * 見ないで! \nDon't look!\n\n * 見ないで答える \nTo answer without looking\n\nYou seem to understand this. So the real question here is **\" Is there an\nimaginary period between 言わないで and 自己申告制\"?** However, no one can tell yes or\nno only from this short fragment of the lyrics. Even when a noun follows a te-\nform, it can still be part of a sentence, especially in lyrics (see this\nquestion for examples: [Can te-form be used to modify a\nnoun?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57580/5010)). To answer a question\nlike this, you need to access the entire lyrics and fully understand the\ncontext. So I googled for the [original\nlyrics](https://www.kkbox.com/jp/ja/song/gFn00w-MN5Z1TpAf1TpAf0XL-index.html):\n\n> 今日もココロがランアウト \n> 現実だってシャットアウト \n> 起きたらすぐにシットダウン \n> 試しにファイティンポーズ \n> とってはみるけど \n> 維持できないなら意味ないじゃん \n> なんて言わないで自己申告制 \n> これでも頑張ってる「つもり」 \n> やっぱりめんどくさい ムリみ〜\n\nAfter reading this, the role of で still looked ambiguous to me, so I listened\nto [this song on\nSpotify](https://open.spotify.com/track/6BmdP5fYhESNDRG08VAvHt). My conclusion\nis that there **is** a period after 言わないで. That is, this 言わないで is a request\n(\"don't say\"), and 自己申告制 is associated with the next line. Here's my\ninterpretation:\n\n * 「維持できないなら意味ないじゃん」なんて言わないで。 \nDon't say \"If you cannot maintain, it's meaningless\".\n\n * 自己申告制(では)、これでも頑張ってる「つもり」。 \nAccording to me, I'm doing my best.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T03:27:26.660",
"id": "78654",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T03:27:26.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78641",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78641
|
78654
|
78654
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78667",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "十日 is read as とおか and 二十日 is read as はつか.\n\n二百十日 is read as にひゃくとおか (not にひゃくじゅうにち) and 二百二十日 is read as にひゃくはつか.\n\n三十日 is read as さんじゅうにち or みそか, 四十日 is read as しじゅうにち or よそか, 五十日 (50 days/50th\nday) is read as ごじゅうにち or いか, 八十日 is read as はちじゅうにち or やそか.\n\n**Questions:**\n\n * What is the reading for 十日 in (一)百十日, 三百十日, 四百十日, etc.? とおか or じゅうにち?\n * What is the reading for 二十日 in (一)百二十日, 三百二十日, 四百二十日, etc.? はつか or にじゅうにち?\n * What is the reading for 六十日, 七十日 and 九十日 with 日 read as か?\n\n**Edit:** It seems that some people may have missed the point. I did say \"二百十日\n(210) is read as にひゃくとおか (not にひゃくじゅうにち)\"\n([source](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%8C%E7%99%BE%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5-110043)),\nso the claim that \"We say とおか or はつか etc. only 十日 or 二十日, respectively.\"\ndoesn't seem correct. Likewise, 二百二十日 (220) is read as にひゃくはつか\n([source](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%8C%E7%99%BE%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5-592599)).\nHowever, these two words seem to refer to very specific days that relate only\nto agriculture, in that they form a period in which storms occur. That's why I\nask whether the readings とおか and はつか are still applicable for non-210 and\nnon-220 words, such as 110, 120, 310, 320, 410, 420, etc.\n\n**Edit 2** : I also cited the 30, 40, 50 and 80 words, to make a point that\nとおか is not _always_ used, given that in kansuji, these words are written as\n三十日, 四十日, 五十日 and 八十日 respectively, all of which contain 十日 that's **NOT**\nread as とおか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-19T15:16:23.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78643",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T17:18:15.700",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T01:29:24.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "10168",
"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"counters",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "二百十日 is read as にひゃくとおか. What about 百十日 or 三百十日?",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. As you expected, these can be read as とおか but it is not commonly used in daily life.\n\n 2. Same as 1. => We say とおか or はつか etc. only 十日 or 二十日, respectively.\n\n 3. 六十日=むそか (commonly ろくじゅうにち)，七十日=? (even Japanese don't know. ななじゅうにち or しちじゅうにち are used)，九十日=?\n\nSpecial case (commonly used now):\n\n * 初七日=しょなのか (the first seventh day when the soul of a dead person comes to Sanzu no River)\n * 四十九日=しじゅうくにち (the day when the soul of a dead person arrive at paradise(極楽浄土).)\n\nIn a Buddhist mass, such ways of calling are used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-19T18:18:28.633",
"id": "78645",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-19T18:18:28.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39715",
"parent_id": "78643",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
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{
"body": "As your links say, both 二百十日 and 二百二十日 are the names of certain folk\ncalendrical terms (210th and 220th days from\n[立春](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichun)).\n\nHere, the date counter ～か is used to indicate a _day in the calendar_. Since\nthere is no serial date bigger than 31 in either Gregorian or Japanese months,\nthinking about such big dates is usually meaningless. However, those specific\ntwo words you mentioned are the only examples* that rightly represent that\ndefinition: _210/220th calendrical day_ (of a year). You can either say that\nthose two are exceptional fixed expressions, or that you may use it when we\nadopt an [ordinal date](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_date) system in\nour daily life, but it is only hypothetical.\n\nBesides that, you cannot use ～か form as a part of bigger numbers when\ncalculating days in general:\n\n> 百[八日]{はちにち}間修行した _had training for 108 days_ \n> 無人島に漂流して百[二十日]{にじゅうにち}め _the 120th day since cast away on a no man's\n> island_\n\nBut 四日{よっか} is usable in any case, for some reason:\n\n> 無人島に漂流して百二十[四日]{よっか/よんにち}め\n\n* * *\n\n* Unless you count in [十月十日](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5-583883).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T17:00:13.367",
"id": "78667",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T17:18:15.700",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T17:18:15.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "78643",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78643
|
78667
|
78667
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78651",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a short story I'm reading I found this dialogue:\n\n> 「やりたいことがあるって、いいよね。どうしたらみつけられるのかな」\n>\n> 雅世{まさよ}はきょとんとした。\n>\n> 「 **藤岡{ふじおか}的** にはぁ、やりたいことがないヤツのほうが不思議なんですけど?」\n>\n> 藤岡的、が出てしまった。雅世は自分のことを苗字で呼ぶ。\n\nI'm confused about 藤岡的, since 藤岡 is the surname of one of the characters, as\nconfirmed by the last line; it's like it's making the name \"fujioka-ical/ish\",\nbut I'm not sure what's supposed to mean and I wasn't able to find anything\nabout it; my best guess, it's something like \"In my book\", \"Fujioka thinks\nthat\", \"What's like Fujioka is thinking that\" and so on: Fujioka is saying\nthat according to her opinion it's more strange not having anything one wants\nto do, instead that having something.\n\nI don't think it matters, but I'm not sure also about 「なんですけど? 」: my guess,\n「けど」 leaves the sentence open, softening it and/or asking the other opinion;\nand the question mark softens the statement by making it a question, almost\nlike Fujioka is not really saying people who don't know what they want to do\nare strange, rather she is asking about it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-19T18:12:33.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78644",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T16:07:47.790",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T13:47:37.537",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"slang",
"grammar"
],
"title": "Person name + 的",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "～的には is a way to say \"～ly speaking, ...\", \"～-wise, ...\" or \"in terms of ～\".\n\n * **個人的には** 気にしていない。 \n**Personally** , I don't care.\n\n * **金銭的には** 困っているが幸せだ。 \nI'm in trouble **money-wise** , but I'm happy.\n\n * **世界的には** 大きな問題だ。 \nIt's a big problem **worldwide**.\n\nThis type of 的 is just a suffix to turn a noun into a na-adjective (It's like\n'-(i)al' as in person **al** , financ **ial** , glob **al** , etc.).\n\nIn slangy speech, this is extended to personal pronouns or proper nouns. It's\nlike \"from the standpoint of ～\", but sounds much more slangy and casual.\n\n * **僕的には** 大丈夫です。 \n**Personally** , I'm fine with it.\n\n * **君的には** どうなの? \nWhat do _**you**_ think?\n\n * **藤岡的にはぁ** 、やりたいことがないヤツのほうが不思議なんですけど? \nBut **if you ask me** , I don't understand someone who doesn't know what they\nwant to do. \n(The speaker is 藤岡 herself. See\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/66380/5010).)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T02:06:21.927",
"id": "78651",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T16:07:47.790",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T16:07:47.790",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78644",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
78644
|
78651
|
78651
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78649",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This sentence is found in the author's introduction to a Japanese listening\nstudy book.\n\n本書「中～上級編」は、こうした学習者の会話能力の底上げのために日本語教室で５年以上にわたり、１０００人以上の学習者に使われてきた **もの**\nを修正し改良を加えたものです。\n\nMy translation: \"To help raise the conversational skills of these students,\nthis intermediate~advanced edition is the result of correcting and improving\nmore than 1000 students' _________ over more than 5 years in classrooms.\"\n\nIs もの supposed to be referring to the classroom teaching materials? The\nhomework? I'm not clear what it's referring to or how it became the origin of\nthis book.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-19T22:47:11.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78647",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T01:46:50.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-mono"
],
"title": "What is this もの referring to?",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, please check which is the relative clause that modifies the もの in\nquestion. The comma after わたり is part of the relative clause that modifies もの.\n\n> 本書「中～上級編」は、（こうした学習者の会話能力の底上げのために日本語教室で５年以上にわたり、１０００人以上の学習者に使われてきた→） **もの**\n> を修正し改良を加えたものです。\n>\n> This Intermediate–Advanced Edition is a modified and improved version of\n> **もの** (←which has been used for more than 5 years by more than 1000\n> learners to help raise the conversational skills of such learners).\n\nSo this もの refers to some learning material (教材) that has been used by the\nauthors' institutes for a long time. It may or may not be previously\npublished.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T01:46:50.473",
"id": "78649",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T01:46:50.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78647",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78647
|
78649
|
78649
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78653",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "辞書で「遊び倒す」がこういう意味で記述されていました。\n\n> それ以上ないくらい遊びつくすこと、あるいは徹底的に遊ぶことを意味する表現。\n\n`XX倒す` は「徹底的にXXこと」ということだと思っていました。 しかし、「食べ倒す」と「飲み倒す」の意味は全然違います。\nこの二つの意味は「店の代金を払わないこと」です。\n\nそれなら「徹底的に食べ/飲みこと」はどうやって表現するのですか？\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%A3%9F%E5%80%92%E3%81%99/>\n\n<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%A3%B2%E3%81%BF%E5%80%92%E3%81%99>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T01:56:40.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78650",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T04:41:01.030",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T03:46:34.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "29993",
"owner_user_id": "29993",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"idioms"
],
"title": "「遊び倒す」の意味は、「飲み倒す」や「食べ倒す」と全然違いますか？",
"view_count": 1087
}
|
[
{
"body": "Hmm, today, 食べ倒す is used almost exclusively in the sense of 徹底的に食べる. You can\nuse Google to confirm this fact. [くいだおれ太郎](https://jpninfo.com/72095), a\nsymbol of Osaka, has nothing to do with crimes, either. (飲み倒す is rarer but\nit's still used in the sense 徹底的に飲む.)\n\nThe normal word to refer to dine-and-dash in modern Japanese is 食い逃げ (noun) or\n無銭飲食. According to デジタル大辞泉, 食い倒す does mean the same thing as 食い逃げをする, but I\nbelieve this meaning is rare or obsolete (I didn't know this meaning).\n\nLastly, while 遊び倒す is exceptionally common, other combinations are rare. To\nsay 徹底的に食べる casually, 食べ倒す is an option, but\n[食べまくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1397/5010), 食べ尽くす or\n[食べに食べる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/24851/5010) are much safer. The\nsame for 飲む.\n\n**EDIT:** 飲み倒す is so uncommon that an ordinary corpus like\n[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) cannot tell its\nactual usage. Interestingly, I found [an academic\narticle](https://doi.org/10.15084/00001656) that investigated the actual usage\nof 飲み倒す. According to this, most people use 飲み倒す in the sense of 飲みまくる. Still,\nIMHO, while I think I have seen 飲み倒す, 読み倒す and 寝倒す somewhere, they are rare\nand it's safe to avoid them (even if it means 徹底的に). If you used 飲み倒す in the\nsense of 飲み逃げ, probably you would not be able to make yourself understood.\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CqzrG.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T02:38:52.690",
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"parent_id": "78650",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78650
|
78653
|
78653
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78665",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When writing compound kana the small kana is slightly lower than centre.\n\nBut is it slightly left of centre as well ?\n\nTake じゃあ\n\nHere we have 3 kana.\n\nFirstly, when writing, is the total width of the space allocated to the small\nkana the same as if it were a big kana ?\n\nじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあじゃあ\n\nじやあじやあじやあじやあじやあじやあじやあじやあじやあじやあじやあ\n\nThe font I'm using here certainly gives them equal width.\n\nSecondly, and mainly, when writing, is the small kana slightly left of centre\nand hence spatially closer to じ than あ ? The typing font seems to place it\ncentral. But I read somewhere that it should be slightly left of centre of the\nsquare allocated to it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T04:53:46.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78655",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T18:09:38.380",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T18:09:38.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"kana"
],
"title": "Positioning of small kana in compound kana",
"view_count": 511
}
|
[
{
"body": "* When you handwrite on a blank piece of paper or a western-style notebook, characters can (or should) have variable widths and sizes. Characters like り and し should be thin, and kanji like 国 should be wide. IMHO, you should put _equal_ spaces between two characters, even if one of them is a small kana. See [these image search results](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E5%AD%97%20%E6%A8%AA%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D) for examples. (Well, in [this example](http://bisen.tokyo/archives/5235), a small-よ is written closer to the previous character, but I personally feel this is not very nice...).\n\n * When you **typeset** , the majority of Japanese fonts have a fixed width for kana and kanji, and characters tend to align neatly in a grid (left). Small kana are placed below the center of the square. There are also variable-width fonts such as [MS UI Gothic](https://docs.microsoft.com/ja-jp/typography/font-list/ms-ui-gothic) (right).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BrTrE.png)\n\n * If you ever have a chance to handwrite something on a horizontal [**原稿用紙**](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39341/5010), place small kana below the center of the square, just like the image above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T14:52:03.540",
"id": "78663",
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},
{
"body": "In handwriting, we are taught in the writing class to put small kana at such\nposition in each square as on the image below (from [How to Use Japanese\nManuscript\nPaper](https://hiroba.jitco.or.jp/info/news_en/news_htu_2017-02-01_en/)):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/d9QwY.png)\n\nAnd this is the commonest way how we conceive they should be written. In free\nhandwriting, however, characters are rarely written in equal width, that means\na small kana only occupies as much width/height as it takes up, so this would\nnot be a real problem. ([A random example](https://edi-labo.com/blog/?p=2694)\nbelow)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XkTGZ.png)\n\nOn the other hand, small kana in typefaces are normally centralized per the\ndirection of text flow. According to [_Requirements for Japanese Text\nLayout_](https://www.w3.org/TR/jlreq/#kanji_hiragana_and_katakana):\n\n> In vertical writing mode, the letter face of small kana (cl-11) characters\n> (ぁぃぅァィゥ etc.) is placed at the vertical center and to the right of the\n> horizontal center of the character frame; in horizontal writing mode, it is\n> placed at the horizontal center and below the vertical center (see Fig.\n> 2.4). Also there are punctuation marks with letter faces that are not placed\n> at the vertical and horizontal center of the character frame.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7JRKk.png)\n\nAligning beside previous character was only conventional in the metal type\nage, because small kana was realized by using half-sized pieces of type at\nthat time, and it was easier for typesetters to either align by one side or\nleave no spaces. ([Another random\nexample](https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1032668/13) below)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S69DH.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T15:45:31.250",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
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"score": 2
}
] |
78655
|
78665
|
78665
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The Japanese spelling of Yoshi is Yosshii ヨッシー\n\nI couldn't find any information regarding the origin of this name.\n\nIs it a Japanese name ? Does it mean anything ?\n\nIt's written in katakana which suggests to me that it is not a Japanese name\nand has no meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T05:47:12.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78656",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-20T15:10:36.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Does the name Yoshi from Super Mario mean anything?",
"view_count": 3505
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [ヨッシー in Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC#%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D):\n\n> 「ヨッシー」という命名は、任天堂社員のあだ名に由来。\n>\n> (Translation: The name ヨッシー derived from a nickname of a Nintendo employee.)\n\nSo ヨッシー was the nickname of a real person in Nintendo.\n\nIs this a common nickname in Japanese? Yes. Many Japanese surnames have よし\n(Usually 吉 in kanji, for example you may know [this\n吉田](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuhei_Yoshida) and [this\n吉田](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoki_Yoshida)), and ヨッシー is a reasonable\nnickname for someone whose surname contains よし. Also note that a nickname can\nbe written in katakana regardless of the etymology.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T11:51:21.557",
"id": "78659",
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"score": 9
}
] |
78656
| null |
78659
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When asking for permission to do something in Japanese, a common form is the\nte form verb + もいいですか . My question is does the te form \"nounify\" or\nnominalize the verb and what grammatical purpose does the も serve in this\nconstruction.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T07:42:13.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78658",
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"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "39731",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does the \"も” mean in \"ーてもいいですか”",
"view_count": 514
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you have indirectly mentioned, this can be considered as a construction of\nて + も.\n\n> ［接助］《接続助詞「て」＋係助詞「も」から》動詞・形容詞と一部の助動詞の連用形に付く。ガ・ナ・バ・マ行の五段活用動詞に付く場合は「でも」となる。\n\nThere are several definitions listed under this\n[entry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82/#jn-152504), but\nI think the first definition is the most appropriate:\n\n>\n> 未成立の事柄を仮定条件として述べ、その条件から考えられる順当な結果と対立する内容の文へ結びつける意を表す。たとえ…したとしても。「失敗してもあきらめはしない」「煮ても焼いても食えない」\n\nTranslated to English, ても \"expresses the intent to state a hypothetical matter\nthat is not yet established and connects it to a sentence that is in conflict\nwith the possible sequential consequences of that condition.\"\n\nNow, for the function of も: I think も can be dropped especially in casual\nconversations without affecting meaning. 大辞林 第三版 says this:\n\n> 「…てもいい」「…てもかまわない」など、許容を表す言い方に多く用いられて）「て」を強める意を表す。\n\nIn other words, も simply serves to emphasize て.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T13:47:33.827",
"id": "78661",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "も means \"also\".\n\nAs for the difference between 家に来ていいよ and 家に来てもいいよ, 家に来ていいよ feels like the\nspeaker knows that the listener wants to go to his house, 家に来てもいいよ feels like\nthe speaker doesn't know if the listener wants to go to his house.\n\nAs for the difference between 家に行っていいですか？ and 家に行ってもいいですか？, they have less\ndifference than 家に来ていいよ and 家に来てもいいよ.\n\nBut the former one feels like the speaker requests the permission more\nstrongly or the speaker knows that the listener may permit because he always\ngoes there.\n\nThe latter one feels like the speaker doesn't know if he would permit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-01-24T05:42:32.343",
"id": "98283",
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"owner_user_id": "55517",
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}
] |
78658
| null |
78661
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "のが would usually mark a subject, but someone once told me it could mean のですが.\nIs this true or did I get bad information?\n\nThis is from ビジテリアン大祭\n\n>\n> 私がニュウファウンドランドの、トリニテイの港に着きましたのは、恰度大祭の前々日でありました。事によると、間に合わないと思ったのが、うまい工合に参りましたので、大へんよろこびました。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T16:57:17.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78666",
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"last_editor_user_id": "902",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Is it true that のが sometimes means のですが?",
"view_count": 61
}
|
[] |
78666
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78672",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あんた、だって、懐かしいっていうのは昔行った場所に久しぶりに行くから感じるんやろ\n\nCame across this sentence while playing a visual novel and just had a small\nquestion.\n\nWould I be correct in saying there is a ということ omitted just after the 感じる? I\njust can't really wrap my head around the っていうのは and the sentence ending with\na verb in 感じるんやろ. Is the ん in 感じるんやろ the same ん as in んだ, or is it the same as\nin say 赤いのはこれだ?\n\nAny help is much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T18:30:50.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78668",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-21T01:07:48.757",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-20T18:49:46.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "22648",
"owner_user_id": "22648",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of っていうのは without っていうことだ",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think nothing is omitted after 感じる. 感じるということんやろ is ungrammatical in the\nfirst place. But ん in 感じるんやろ is explanatory-no, the same ん in んだ/のだ.\n\nStarting from this:\n\n> 昔行った場所に久しぶりに行くから、懐かしいと感じる。 \n> Because you go somewhere long after the last visit, you feel nostalgic.\n\nChanging the word order for emphasis ([cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010)):\n\n> 懐かしいっていう **のは** 昔行った場所に久しぶりに行くから感じる。 \n> It's because you go somewhere long after the last visit that you feel\n> nostalgic. \n> → \"Nostalgic\" is something you feel because you go somewhere long after the\n> first visit.\n\n(Here っていうのは is basically an [emphatic version of\nのは](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56332/5010), but it's mandatory\nbecause bare 懐かしい cannot work as a subject.)\n\nAdding だって and んやろ (which is dialectal のだろう, explanatory-の + だろう):\n\n> **だって** 、懐かしいっていうのは昔行った場所に久しぶりに行くから感じる **んやろ** 。 \n> But...\"nostalgic\" is something you feel because you go somewhere long after\n> the last visit, isn't it?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T01:07:48.757",
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"score": 3
}
] |
78668
|
78672
|
78672
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Lately, I've been spending a lot of focus in how to translate certain verbs in\nthe form ～ている. Mostly comes from the fact that, depending on the verb, it can\nhave a meaning of prolonged action (e.g. 食べている, I'm eating) or the result of a\nchange of state (e.g. 結婚している, I'm married).\n\nThis is fairly easy for certain common verbs, but it gets complicated for\nothers (especially when certain verbs can take both stances, e.g. 分かる). For\nall of those experiencing the same problem, I was glad to have found the\nfairly well known book `A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar`. On its second\nannex, it features a detailed classification of each type of verb, along with\nplenty of examples (images of the annex bellow).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vsSIIl.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6v376l.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CJZgUl.png)\n\nUnfortunately, this is just a small list of the most common Japanese verbs. I\nsearched the internet for a more extensive list, but couldn't find it.\n\nTherefore, I wanted to know if someone knows of an extensive list of verbs\nclassified in this manner. I know that this has all the flags to be an \"open\nquestion\" but I feel like it's something fairly important to completely\nunderstand the ～ている form. I'm a bit surprised I didn't find much info on this\nthough. [Jisho](https://jisho.org/) does not classify the verbs in this\nmanner. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar) explains\neach classification but does not provide an extensive list. Most other guides\n(e.g. [sci.lang.japan](https://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/afaq.html), [An\nIntroduction to Japanese Syntax, Grammar &\nLanguage](http://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/) and [Tae Kim's Guide to Learning\nJapanese](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar)) don't seem to mention\nthis either.\n\nAm I the only one finding this classification useful and craving for more?\n\nNote: This classification is unrelated with 一段 and 五段 classification present\nin posts like [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9624/whats-\nthe-difference-between-ichidan-godan-and-ru-u-verbs-classification) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1348/verb-classifications-\nby-japanese-learners).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-20T22:10:10.483",
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"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form",
"semantics"
],
"title": "Semantic classification of verbs",
"view_count": 236
}
|
[] |
78669
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm a new learner of a day & am confused by my Japanese learning app that puts\nau & ue together with a, i, u, e, o under a section called Japanese vowels.\nOther places say there is only 5 vowels so why is my app including au & ue as\nvowels?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T01:07:10.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78671",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39744",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"vowels"
],
"title": "Are \"au\" & \"ue\" vowels?",
"view_count": 178
}
|
[
{
"body": "Follow these steps to add an image to your question from your android mobile\nphone:\n\n 1. Access japanese.stackexchange.com from Google Chrome Android:\n\n 2. Go to your question an click on \"edit\"\n\n\n\n 3. Click on \"Add picture\"\n\n\n\n 4. (Arrow #1 in the screenshot below) Click on \"Click here to upload tour image\"\n 5. Browse your phone and select the screenshot you took\n 6. (Arrow #2 in the screenshot below) Click on \"Add Picture\"\n\n\n\n 7. Save your edit\n\nOnce you have uploaded your screenshot the community might be able to help\nyou.\n\n* * *\n\nEdit: you can upload a picture from the application also. See:\n\n 1. Once you are in your question, click on \"edit\"\n\n\n\n 2. The text editor will open. Click anywhere on the text, and the edit buttons will appear.\n 3. Click on the small button with camera icon to upload an image\n\n\n\n* * *\n\nSecond edit:\n\nYou can also get the Stack Exchange app to ask you to open a page in Chrome or\nStack Exchange instead of opening ot directly in the app, if it helps:\n\n 1. Go to Settings \n\n 2. Go to Apps \n\n 3. Go to Apps \n\n 4. Type \"Stack\" and click on the result Stack Exchange \n\n 5. Click on \"Open supported links in the app\" and make sure that \"Ask every time\" is selected. \n\nThen, the next time you try to edit the question from Chrome, the system will\nask you to choose. Choose Chrome (not the app) and follow the steps I posted\nabove.",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T11:04:01.973",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Short answer: No, あう and うえ are not \"Japanese vowels\". You are right, Japanese\nhas only 5 vowels, あ, い, う, え and お.\n\nThe app you are referring to in the comments is Skritter, not Skitter.\n\nThe lesson \"hiragana\" contains different sets of vocabulary words to learn\nalong hiragana, and they are classified in groups. I think it's just silly\nthat they decided to group the words \"au\" あう and \"ue\" うえ along with the vowels\nin a particular group, its misleading:\n\n\n\nあう and うえ are just Japanese words that happen to be formed by vowels only, but\nthey are no vowels itself. If you click on the section Japanese vowels, you\nwill find that whereas あ, い, う, え, お are marked as just \"hiragana\", あう and うえ\nare listed with their meanings as a word, namely \"to meet\" and \"up, above\":\n\n\n\nI believe that the (poor) reason why they decided to place the words あう and うえ\nwith the vowels is that they are formed by only hiragana vowels, but I think\nthis approach is prone to confuse the beginner. Moreover, there are other\nwords formed by vowels only (い \"stomach\", え \"picture\") that are not in that\ngroup, so I don't see the point on grouping あう and うえ along with the vowels...\nAll the other words presented in the lesson seem to be grouped by consonants\n(S category, T category and so on).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T00:21:32.900",
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78692
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"body": "Since I started learning Japanese I have always thought that when talking\nabout something that will occur at a certain time you either use 「に」 or\nnothing. For example,\n\n * 来月の終わりに誕生日のパーティーをします。\n * 明日日本に行きます。\n\nI know for some things you can either use 「に」or choose not to and other times\nyou can’t use 「に」 but recently I’ve noticed 「で」 popping up. For example,\n\n * 来月で30歳になります。\n * 来年で辞めるつもり。\n\nCan someone explain what the rule is for using 「で」 when it comes to talking\nabout when something will happen!\n\nThank you!!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T03:22:40.597",
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"id": "78673",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-21T13:32:12.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "38484",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "で and に when you use them!",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to 'Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar', this usage of で\n\"indicates the time when something terminates or the amount of time a period\nof activity has taken\" (p109).\n\nThis was mentioned recently in another thread\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/78366/usage-\nof-%E3%81%A7-and-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AB-in-certain-verbs). The default\nparticle for marking a point in time is に, generally corresponding to the\nEnglish word 'at'. This indicates that the named event occurs at the named\ntime. It is possible to use で to mark a specific time, but doing so changes\nthe meaning slightly. Using で instead of に indicates that the point in time is\nthe end of a longer period of time which came before it. The named event is\nnow understood to be the culmination of a longer period which preceded it.\nYour sentence 来月で30歳になります includes the understanding that it is a culmination\nof a previous time period (your life up to age 29). Likewise, 来年で辞めるつもり\nincludes the understanding that the event (quitting the job) is the conclusion\nof a longer event (working that job until the final day).\n\nIn other words, events are normally marked with に, but if you want to include\nthe idea of that event marking the end of a longer period of time, you can use\nで.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T10:38:11.057",
"id": "78674",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78679",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "こんにちは、小さな＊井さん Is that a misspelling of 広, i.e. \"Hiroi\" (if the second kanji is\n\"井\")? Is the second kanji 女 or 井? I can't make sense of it otherwise. Cheers!\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/b3krx.png)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T12:26:40.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78677",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-21T12:59:21.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Could someone help me make sense of the name on this image?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's the word 魔女 with a simplified version of 魔 which uses マ to represent the\nphonetics of it. You can read more about this kind of thing on the Wikipedia\narticle about [ryakuji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryakuji).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T12:59:21.920",
"id": "78679",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 5
}
] |
78677
|
78679
|
78679
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's confuse me the usage of の and な adverb.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T12:48:14.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78678",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T04:24:44.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39750",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "\"一般の人\" or \"一般の な人 \" ,which the right one?",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "一般 is so-called a no-adjective, so you have to say 一般の人. (Jisho.org says 一般 is\nalso a na-adjective, but I don't know when one can say 一般な.) 一般のな人 is always\nungrammatical, and you can never say AのなB in general.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [So-called の-adjectives - how does の *really* work?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2770/5010)\n * [If a word is both a na-adjective and a no-adjective, should I use a 'no' or a 'na'](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55212/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T04:24:44.290",
"id": "78695",
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| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78687",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This sentence is from a song's lyric _歌に形はないけれど_ (Youtube:\n[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CV5wVHjMfQ&feature=youtu.be&t=136](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CV5wVHjMfQ&feature=youtu.be&t=136)).\n\nHow to understand that?\n\nThere are two Chinese translations:\n\n> 你为我做过的一样 (It's just like you did for me)\n\n> 你是这样的温柔 (You're so tender)\n\nThey're not same and both can't correspond to the original Japanese sentence\ndirectly.\n\nWhat's the real meaning of that? or how to interpret that?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T13:54:15.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78680",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T13:21:29.840",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-22T13:21:29.840",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "how to interpret きみがそうだったように?",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is the context:\n\n> 僕は歌うよ \n> 笑顔をくれた君が泣いてるとき \n> ほんの少しだけでもいい \n> 君の支えになりたい\n>\n> 僕が泣いてしまった日に \n> 君がそうだったように\n\nYou can see the perspective is swapped symmetrically between the former and\nthe latter stanzas.\n\n> (1) 僕 (subject) : 君が泣いてるとき : 君の支えになりたい \n> (2) 君 (subject) : 僕が泣いてしまった日 : **そうだった**\n\nThus it is natural to think that そうだった could be replaced, with correct tense\nand mood, by 僕の支えになった \"was/became my anchor\" (as a whole, 君が僕の支えになったように).\n\nSo, I don't think either translation you cited is wrong in this context,\nexcept the second one lacks explicit translation of ～ように \"just like\", if I\nhave to nitpick.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T16:46:16.730",
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] |
78680
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78687
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78687
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78689",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I encountered this sentence in my Anki app:\n\n> 彼は目が見え **ずとも** 素晴らしい演奏をしました。\n\nAlthough the grammar point is fairly simple, I have never encountered ずとも\noutside my grammar reviews. I also think that なくても can do the same job.\n\n> 彼は目が見え **なくても** 素晴らしい演奏をしました。\n\nWhat is the difference between the two grammar points? How often and where\nusually is ずとも encountered?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T13:56:55.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78681",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-21T19:31:49.873",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-21T19:24:32.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How often and where usually is ずとも encountered?",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [this](https://nihongonosensei.net/?p=8257) JLPT study site, the\ntwo are basically interchangeable in terms of meaning. As for how common they\nare, I searched for both terms on BCCWJ. なくても had around 10,000 entries\nwhereas ずとも only had around 500. ずとも is somewhat formal sounding and it may\nonly be used in written Japanese or formal styles of language.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T18:54:41.523",
"id": "78689",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
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78689
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78684",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Example sentence to illustrate the question:\n\n抑えられない幸せにしたい気持ち can either be understood as (抑えられない幸せ)にしたい気持ち or\n(抑えられない幸せにしたい)気持ち\n\nIs there a way to disambiguate what the speaker is trying to imply? In other\nwords, if someone tells me that, how do I know which meaning the speaker is\ntrying to imply?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T14:24:00.273",
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"id": "78682",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-21T15:57:01.363",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-21T15:31:56.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"nouns"
],
"title": "modifying a noun",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. ［抑えられない幸せ］にしたい気持ち\n 2. 抑えられない［幸せにしたい］気持ち\n\nThese two are distinguishable in speech, because when you mean #1, you are\ngoing to say the whole phrase in a single intonation block, but #2 will be\ntwo: 抑えられない／幸せにしたい気持ち, reflecting the structure that two chunks being parallel\nmodifiers of the last noun.\n\nIf written, it is ambiguous in theory. I said \"in theory\" because most people\nwould parse it in #2 if you showed them the line.\n\n幸せ works both as a na-adjective and a noun. Na-adjective is basically a noun\nin form except limited particle connection, using な to modify nouns, and being\nadjective in meaning. If you parse like #1 i.e. 抑えられない modifies 幸せ, 幸せ needs\nto be a noun because adjective can only modify a noun with the dictionary\nform. As a result, it means:\n\n> (1') _a feeling that [I] want to turn [something else] into an irresistible\n> happiness_\n\nIf #2, 幸せにしたい has no modifier and would be either na-adjective or noun, but\nna-adjective by default. Then it means:\n\n> (2') _an irresistible feeling that [I] want to make [somebody else] happy_\n\nWhich is a likelier situation? :)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T15:57:01.363",
"id": "78684",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-21T15:57:01.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78682
|
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|
78684
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In「みんなの日本語」, the first part of this sentence, with the た-form verb, is\ntranslate in simple present tense :\n\n> 時間に **遅れた** 場合は、会場に入れません。 \n> If you are late, you will not be able to enter in the room. \n> _Si vous êtes en retard, vous ne serez pas autorisé à entrer dans la\n> salle._\n\nIt's translate in french, maybe there is french here... I translate the\nsentence in english, sorry if it's not correct.\n\nSo, if the translate is good, with「場合」, why use the た-form (past) instead of\nthe 辞書-form (普通形present) for present tence?\n\nWith た-form, it should be :\n\n> If you were late, You couldn't have entered in the room. \n> _Au cas où vous étiez / auriez été en retard, vous n'auriez pas pu entrer\n> dans la salle._\n\nNo ? Or, did I missed something?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T15:22:28.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78683",
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"owner_user_id": "39752",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "~たform ／ ~辞書form + 場合は",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "As a non-native English speaker myself, I advise you not to try to understand\nthe English translation, specially if English is not your native language. I\nthink it's more useful to just understand the situation in which you can use\neach expression, so you don't need to rely on other languages to understand\nthose expressions.\n\nLet's imagine you are appointed at 5pm and that you should be in that room by\n5pm, and let's compare each case.\n\n> 遅れた場合は\n\nI think that saying 遅れた場合は, it is conveyed that you _actually arrived to the\nroom_ , but you did it at a later time than it should be (in our example, this\nmeans the case where you arrived at the room but it's already 5:15, for\ninstance). So it would be \"in the case you had arrived late to the room\".\n\n> 遅れている場合は\n\nIf you said 遅れている場合は, it would be \"in the case you are running late\", so in\nthis scenario you would be travelling from somewhere to the room, and late on\ntime, but you would still have a chance to catch up and arrive on time by\nrunning. In our example, you are in the other side of the city and you are on\nyour way to the room. However, it's already 4:45, so it is very unlikely that\nyou will arrive in time. But you are not in the room yet, and it's not 5:00pm\nyet.\n\n> 遅れる場合は\n\nIf you say 遅れる場合は, it sounds like \"in the case you are to be late\", or \"in the\ncase you will arrive late\".\n\nMy English translations are probably wrong grammarwise, but I hope you got the\npoint.\n\n* * *\n\nIt might help you to understand it if you think of the expression Verbた + 時\nand Verb-辞書形 + 時, where a similar thing happens:\n\n> 家に帰った時、「ただいま」と言います。\"We say \"tadaima\" when we have come back home\". You are\n> already at home.\n\n> 家に帰る時、「お疲れ様です」と言います。\"We say \"otsukaresamadesu\" when we go back home\". You\n> are not at home yet. You are about to go back, but you are still in the\n> workplace.",
"comment_count": 4,
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78683
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|
{
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"body": "I'd love to know what these symbols mean if you have any idea. Thank you very\nmuch. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u6hAq.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T16:29:59.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78685",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39753",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What do these 2 symbols mean",
"view_count": 70
}
|
[
{
"body": "It looks like 焦点 (pronounced 'shо̄ten'), meaning 'focus' or 'focal point'.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KbPIb.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T18:23:19.313",
"id": "78688",
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"accepted_answer_id": "78693",
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"body": "For context, I have the following text speaking about the leaves of a maple\ntree.\n\nこれは花ではありません。 \n「かえで」 の葉です。 \n**秋は赤いです** 。夏は緑です。\n\nI understand that the phrase in bold would be translated as something like \"as\nfor autumn, they are red\" (and omit the leaves), but without context this\nphrase may not make sense.\n\nIf the subject was included, would the phrase look like \"葉が秋は赤いです\"?\n\nWould it be correct and maintain the same meaning if に was used instead?\n\nWould it be correct to use には instead too?\n\nEdit: The phrases above are from the tadoku stories free books so I assume\nthey are correct as is. I am just wondering whether I understood everything\ncorrectly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-21T23:33:51.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78690",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-22T02:05:54.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "32509",
"owner_user_id": "32509",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Usage of は over に to mark seasonal changes",
"view_count": 311
}
|
[
{
"body": "i think you should use には for what you mean if you use に you should use 赤くなる",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T00:03:33.753",
"id": "78691",
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},
{
"body": "> _If the subject was included, would the phrase look like \"葉が秋は赤いです\"?_\n\nIt depends on what you want to focus, but if I had to naturally add the\nsubject in this context, I'd make it topic:\n\n> この葉は秋は赤いです。\n\nDon't worry, は can be used as many times as needed in a sentence whenever the\ncontext fits, for example:\n\n> このビル **は** 南側 **は** 11月 **は** ストーブをつけるほど **は** 寒く **は** ならないです。\n\nis completely probable when their focus in conversation at that moment is the\n(un)evenness of the building's insulation by season.\n\n> 葉が秋は赤いです。\n\nwould be valid too if you don't intend to make 葉 as the ongoing topic. Then\nかえで (which has whole-part relation with 葉) would become the implicit topic, so\nthat the full form is:\n\n> **かえでは** 葉が秋は赤いです。\n\nThis option would be natural if your story develops like:\n\n> 「かえで」の葉です。葉が秋は赤いです。赤くならなければ違う木です。\n\n> _Would it be correct and maintain the same meaning if に was used instead? \n> Would it be correct to use には instead too?_\n\nに conceptualizes the time as a point, but adjective means a lasting state.\n秋に赤い would mean \"be permanently red at the moment of autumn\", which explains\nwhy it sounds bad when you mark duration of adjective with に. Using は is a\nsteady choice because it's like saying \"be permanently red as long as (it is)\nautumn\".\n\nA verb (that implies change) will accept に, so that you can say 秋に赤くなります\n\"redden in autumn\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T02:59:18.417",
"id": "78693",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T02:59:18.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In this context, saying 葉が秋は赤いです instead of 秋は赤いです is not correct, because the\n葉 has been already introduced in the discourse (i.e., it's \" _the_ leaf\", not\n\" _a_ leaf\"). If you really want to say 葉 twice, you can do so using は:\n\n> _(The/This) leaf is red in autumn._\n>\n> * この葉は秋には赤いです。\n> * 秋には葉は赤いです。\n> * この葉は秋は赤いです。(acceptable but slightly questionable: see below)\n>\n\nNote that you can have two は's in a sentence when one of them is contrastive.\nThe は after 秋 has a contrastive function (i.e., 秋 vs 夏), which is important in\nthis context. 秋は and 秋には are usually interchangeable, but in a case like this\nwhere two は-marked arguments coexist, it's better to be explicit and say 秋には.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T03:00:56.133",
"id": "78694",
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"score": 2
}
] |
78690
|
78693
|
78693
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78697",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[学校]{がっ・こう} is usually one of the first words we encounter when learning\nJapanese, however the use of [学園]{がく・えん} also seems pretty common in media. Is\nthere any practical difference between the two terms or are they\ninterchangeable in general?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T04:51:06.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78696",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T11:53:53.647",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-22T05:13:46.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "36313",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Is there any difference between 学園 and 学校?",
"view_count": 1219
}
|
[
{
"body": "学園 is commonly translated as \"Academy\". Basically it is nothing more than a\nnaming convention which is arbitrarily adopted for the names of some schools\n(including 中学校, 高校, 大学, [予備校](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yobik%C5%8D) and\n塾). So all schools called 学園 are technically also 学校, but the opposite is not\ntrue. As a minor exception, 学園 is found in some place names of science parks\nand university towns (e.g.,\n[筑波研究学園都市](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukuba,_Ibaraki)). 学院 is almost the\nsame but it's not used as a place name.\n\nMost real 学園/学院 in Japan are private schools, but there are a few exceptions.\nIn addition, I feel that schools that are considered \"unique\", \"classy\" or\n\"special\" in some way or another tend to be called 学園/学院. For example,\n[Christian schools in\nJapan](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E7%B3%BB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1)\nare commonly called ～学園 or ～学院. In fiction, students in [_Kaguya-\nsama_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaguya-sama:_Love_Is_War) and the\n[_Toaru_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Certain_Magical_Index) franchise go\nto schools called ～学園. 魔法学園 are very common in fantasy works.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T05:28:20.980",
"id": "78697",
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"score": 10
}
] |
78696
|
78697
|
78697
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{
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"body": "I'm reading 「傘を持たない蟻たちは」and there is a sentence that\nreads:「その肌の白さが際立ったのは、着ていたタンクトップと肘から手にかけてが黒かったからだった。」What conjugation is て-form\nplus が?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T13:17:38.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78699",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T13:17:38.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "What does て-form plus が mean?",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[] |
78699
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78704",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Wiktionary has two transcriptions:\n\n> 私\n>\n> (Tokyo)¹ わ[たし]{——}² [wàtáshí]³ (Heiban⁴ – [0]⁵)\n>\n> IPA: [[ɰᵝa̠ta̠ɕi]]\n\nWhat is the 1st one called and how is it read?\n\n 1. \"Tokyo\" stands for the Tokyo dialect\n 2. What does the bar over the kana mean?\n 3. What do diacritics mean here?\n 4. Pitch pattern, [explained in Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%BF%E5%9E%8B)\n 5. What does the number mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T15:13:04.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78701",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T19:36:22.770",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-22T19:35:53.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "38861",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"dictionary",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "How to understand the pronunciation as listed in Wiktionary",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "The Wiktionary entry as I found it looks as follows:\n\n> **Pronunciation**\n>\n> * (Tokyo) わ[たし]【HH】 [wàtáshí] (Heiban – [0])\n> * IPA: [[ɰᵝa̠ta̠ɕi]]\n>\n\nLet's take a look what this means:\n\n * (Tokyo) \n_means the listed pronunciation is for the Tokyo dialect_\n\n * わ[たし]【HH】 \n_pitch accent notation with_ [◯]【H】 _indicating a high pitch_\n\n * [wàtáshí] \n_indicating pitch accent in a romanization (using the grave and acute accent\ndiacritics on the vowel, with the acute accent`´` indicating high pitch)_\n\n * (Heiban – [0]) \n_indicating that the pitch accent is of the heiban-gata type, i.e. first mora\n( \"syllable\") has a low pitch and all subsequent morae have a high pitch — in\ndictionaries this would be denoted_ [0] _since the number in brackets\nindicates after which mora the drop in pitch occurs (and in わたし there is no\ndrop in pitch)_\n\n * IPA: [[ɰᵝa̠ta̠ɕi]] \n_IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) notation with_\n\n * [/ɰ/] _being an[A-type sound](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C9%B0) (anticipating the -a of wa),_\n * [/ᵝ/] _indicating that for the sound the lips are closed a little (a type of[secondary articulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_articulation))_\n * [/a̠/] _being a \"standard\" A-type sound, that is [retracted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_articulation#Advanced_and_retracted) (i.e. pronounced further back in the mouth than the_ [[a]] _sound) as indicated by the minus sign diacritic below the_ [/a/]\n * [/ɕ/] _being the usual SH-type sound in Japanese_",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T19:28:43.667",
"id": "78704",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-22T19:36:22.770",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "78701",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78701
|
78704
|
78704
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "皆さん、こんにちは 次のテキストはわからない文があるんですよね。 この文がわからない理由は\"に\"ですから。 この場合、にの意味が本当に知りませんよ！\nだから、助けてください\n\n> 『サイト内の例文の再配布は不可です。 個人での学習にお使いください』",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T19:10:29.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78703",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T01:14:47.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-22T20:18:47.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Someone could explain me what is the meaning of に in this sentence?",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "「XXに使う」 means \"use (something) for XX\".\n\n個人での学習 **に** (サイト内の例文を)使う \nuse (example sentences in the site) **for** personal learning\n\nExamples:\n\n> 料理に小麦粉を使う use flour for cooking \n> 通勤に自転車を使う use a bicycle for commuting\n\nAs you may know, お使いください is 尊敬語/honorific language of 使ってください.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T00:47:52.790",
"id": "78708",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T01:14:47.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-23T01:14:47.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "78703",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78703
| null |
78708
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to post a handwritten letter to a Japanese penpal.\n\nI want to ask: What is your address ?\n\n貴方の address は何ですか ?\n\nThe dictionary gives the following translations:\n\n住所、現住所、宛先、アドレス、表書き、所番氏，...\n\nThe list goes on.\n\nWhat is the most appropriate translation for my situation ?\n\nAlso if you'd like to go into the nuanced difference and usage between the\nvarious translations listed that would be very useful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T20:06:59.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78705",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T01:04:30.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the best translation of ''address'' in this context?",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "When asking people's mailing address, 住所 is the correct word. However, instead\nof あなた, you should use your penpal's name and title, or perhaps a nickname if\nyou have been using one before.\n\n～さんの住所は何ですか。\n\nIt would be even better to ask it a bit more politely:\n\n～さんの住所を教えていただけますか。\n\nBe sure to know how to write your penpal's full name on the envelope\ncorrectly.\n\nアドレス would work but it is more of an IT term. 宛先 refers to the destination of\nthe letter whereas 表書き stands for what is written on the envelope. 所番地 means\nan address but is not as commonly used as 住所.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T01:04:30.023",
"id": "78709",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T01:04:30.023",
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"owner_user_id": "39769",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78705
| null |
78709
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78714",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1. Is 対する an adverb in the sentence below?\n\n 2. If it's not an adverb, which noun of the sentence is it attached to, 肯定 or 否定 or 返事??\n\n> Japanese: [彼女は質問に対する肯定とも否定ともとれる返事が上手い。]\n\n> English: [She's really good at answering questions in a way where you can't\n> tell if she's agreeing or disagreeing.]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T21:52:30.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78706",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T05:49:59.530",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-23T00:43:41.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "34735",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "is 対する an adverb in[ 彼女は質問に対する肯定とも否定ともとれる返事が上手い。]?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. It's a verb. <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B/>\n\n 2. 返事. If ような is added in this sentence, you may understand it easier such as 彼女は質問に対する肯定とも否定ともとれる(ような)返事が上手い。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T05:49:59.530",
"id": "78714",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T05:49:59.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "78706",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78706
|
78714
|
78714
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why wasn't it just [駅を降りたら、どこからともなく美味しそうないい匂いが **きた** 。] without adding して?\nWhat is the role of して in the sentence?\n\n 2. that して is supposed to be the 'te' form of 'suru' verb right? What is the closest English meaning of that して in the sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-22T22:57:49.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78707",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T04:09:50.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does して have to do in [駅を降りたら、どこからともなく美味しそうないい匂いがしてきた。]?",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[
{
"body": "Do not think of して, the 文法 is 「してくる」 and it implies that something gradually\nbecomes. Like you smell from far away, and it gets stronger\n\nYou will also come across many other 「v.-てくる」 examples, but the meaning can\nvary\n\nたべてくる ＝ to eat before having come 言ってくる ＝ to go and say something (and then\ncome back) やってくる ＝ to go and complete some task ⇐ this could also be してくる",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T02:40:18.680",
"id": "78711",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T04:09:50.677",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-23T04:09:50.677",
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"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78707",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
}
] |
78707
| null |
78711
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78713",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the phrase \"sumi tsugi\" somewhere (cannot remember where and\ntherefore cannot cite the source). The phrase was in English so I do not know\nwhich kanji for \"tsugi\" would be appropriate, 次 or 継ぎ. Thus my question: Does\nthis phrase refer to dipping the brush into ink a second time while writing\none kanji, or does it refer to going back into a completed kanji to\ncorrect/finesse a stroke (which I do know is strictly forbidden)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T02:39:40.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78710",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T03:48:42.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27152",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "Meaning of Calligraphy Phrase \"sumi tsugi\"",
"view_count": 72
}
|
[
{
"body": "Wikipedia has a [list of calligraphy\nterms](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%81%93%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7#%E3%81%95%E8%A1%8C)\nin which sumi tsugi is\n\n> 墨継ぎ（すみつぎ）とは、文の途中で筆に墨を付けること。\n\nWhich means dipping the brush into ink a second time while writing one\n**sentence**. The 日本国語大辞典 confirms that it is only used about sentences (incl.\nhaiku, waka, etc.).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T03:48:42.503",
"id": "78713",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T03:48:42.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "78710",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78710
|
78713
|
78713
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78739",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A quick search on [jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/*%E3%81%9A) reveals\nthat many of the first page results of words that end with a ず are adverbs. So\nthis type of adverb is common.\n\nIn fact, it's true (at least for these first page results) that a word is an\nadverb if and only if the final ず is written in kana instead of being part of\nthe reading of a kanji.\n\nThis doesn't seem like a coincidence.\n\nI know that ず was historically a negative conjugation (per [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/235)), but I can't really why\nthat would make it a common adverb ending.\n\nDoes anyone know why this might be the case?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T03:15:35.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78712",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T06:25:22.210",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-23T03:17:44.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "39518",
"owner_user_id": "39518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Why do many adverbs end with ず?",
"view_count": 188
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't think so many adverbs with ず in Japanese adverbs but I find some\nexamples of Japanese adverbs with \"ず\" at the end of a word are;\n\nGroup A: ず means negative conjugation あいかわらず (as not changed) あしからず (do not\ntreat it as bad thing) おもいがけず (as not supposed) おもわず (as not supposed)\n\nGroup B: ず is a part of Mimetic word うずうず (itchy) ぐずぐず (tardily)\n\nAdverbs are changed shape of verb. Above Group A is changed with negative form\nof verbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T06:25:22.210",
"id": "78739",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T06:25:22.210",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37138",
"parent_id": "78712",
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}
] |
78712
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78739
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78739
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Like what's the exact conjugation breakdown going on there? I've spent days\nscouring various things and I can't for the life of me figure out the exact\nbreakdown causing a \"かれ\".\n\nI'm not leaving off any conjugation bits, so it's definitely not me misreading\nsomething like 叩かれた.\n\nIf you could explain what's going on in general terms rather than specifically\n-ku verbs, that might be more helpful, but I'm at my wits' end and will\nhonestly take anything at this point.\n\n> 力いっぱい背中を叩かれ、大介は思わずよろめいた。\n\nTwo friends, the person strongly hitting 大介 on the back is a friend trying to\ncheer him up. He did it without warning, but it's not aggressive. The sentence\nis narrative and describing the situation, non-spoken.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T07:15:40.620",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What's going on when a -ku godan verb like \"叩く\" gets conjugated to \"叩かれ\"?",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[
{
"body": "The conjugation is the passive voice of the verb 叩く, which becomes 叩かれる in the\npassive. Usually, it would connect to another clause in the て form (叩かれて), but\nthe continuative form (連用形), which is 叩かれ, is also used as a way to connect\nclauses, especially in written Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-23T09:42:18.723",
"id": "78716",
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78715
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78716
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{
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"body": "I often encounter these three forms, but I'm sure that they are not always\ninterchangeable. Someone could explain me the difference and perhaps provide\nme some example too?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T10:00:02.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between というものではない、というものでもない and というわけがない?",
"view_count": 271
}
|
[
{
"body": "For what i know, the first one mean \"is not\", the second one \"Not even\" and\nthe third one \"There is no reason\". They should be used in different context",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T11:05:41.887",
"id": "78718",
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{
"body": "Apparently they are covered regularly in foreigners' grammar e.g.\n[this](https://nihongonosensei.net/?p=12824) or [this](https://nihongokyoshi-\nnet.com/2018/05/08/jlptn2-grammar-toiumonodewanai/). I assume you meant\nというわけではない for the third item.\n\nAll three can be translated mostly _It is not that ..._.\n\nJust one example:\n\n * 謝ればいいというものではない : It is not that saying sorry is enough.\n * 謝ればいいというものでもない : It is not really that saying sorry is enough.\n\nThe former sounds a bit stronger denial/disagreement for 'saying sorry is\nenough', somewhat suggesting something else must be done. The latter sounds\nsofter, like _saying sorry should not be enough, but maybe nothing else should\nbe done either_.\n\nというわけではない/というわけでもない are mostly synonymous to というものではない/というものでもない, but like\ncovered [here](https://chiyo-sampo.net/grammar-jlptn2-toiu-wakedewanai-2/), in\na structure with preceding ～だからといって, というわけで{は,も}ない may be more frequent.\n(～だからといって～というもので{は,も}ない is possible).\n\n===\n\nわけない appears as form of [～わけがない](https://nihongokyoshi-\nnet.com/2018/04/16/jlptn2-grammar-wakeganai/), where が is omitted. Means _it\nis impossible that..._.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-08-20T09:08:03.180",
"id": "88973",
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78717
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88973
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{
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"body": "First of all, I want to say that I'm not even sure if \"がい\" comes together, or\nif they're separated into が+い (which doesn't seem like the case...?)\n\nWhile I've heard that がい is a stronger version of が, I'm not sure if that's\nhow it's supposed to be interpreted in the following sentence:\n\n> それに 落としがいもありそうだ",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T13:34:29.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78719",
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"owner_user_id": "39781",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "The meaning of \"がい\" in 落としがい",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think a little more context for that sentence would help, but basically this\nis the noun 落とし followed by a form of the phrase ～甲斐{かい}がある, which means 'be\nworthwhile'. It's an N2 grammar point (see\n[here](https://j-nihongo.com/kaigaaru/)). The かい part often becomes がい due to\nrendaku. That is why it is がい in おとしがい.\n\nAs for 落とし, one meaning is 'getting someone to like you romantically'. I'm\nassuming this sentence is something to do with a relationship. If so,\n落としがいもありそうだ would mean something like \"It seems like it would be worthwhile if\nthat person fell in love with me\". Again, this interpretation might be\ndifferent if the context is different. But the point remains that the phrase\nis a combination of the noun 落とし with a form of the phrase 甲斐がる (with\nrendaku).\n\nThe phrase is mentioned in\n[this](https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Ren_ai_134463/?p=2) article about\nthings about girls which make guys think it wouldn't be worthwhile to be in a\nrelationship with that girl. The point of the article is\n男が「落としがいがないな」と思う女の特徴4つ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-23T15:56:35.147",
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78719
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78721
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"accepted_answer_id": "78724",
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"body": "I was checking tangorin.com for example sentences of 映る and the first example\nis\n\n> 僕の目には君しか映ってないよ。本当さ\n\nwhich means \"I only have eyes for you. Honestly.\" Closer to the literal sense\nI suppose it would be \"Only you are reflected in my eyes. Honestly\".\n\nMy question is, why is the negative te-form used here? Shouldn't it be\nぼくの目には君しか映つりないよ。?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T15:31:26.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78720",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-23T15:52:19.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "31384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 映ってない?",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "The reason for that is the \"only\" in form of しか. しか **must** stand with the\n**negative** form of a verb. だけ would be a way to say \"only\", using a positive\nverb form.\n\nYou could rephrase it like: 僕の目には君 **だけ** 映っているよ。本当さ\n\n* * *\n\nEdit: Just realized, that you obviously know the above. So:\n\n映ってない is not the negative te form.\n\nThis would be: 映らなくて or 映らないで.\n\n映ってない is the negative form 映って いない of 映って いる. However, the い in the ~te+iru\nform is ofter dropped, as it only leads to a long \"e\" sound of the te form.\n\n* * *\n\nThe progressive ~te + iru form is very common in Japanese and even used in\ncases you wouldn't use its equivalent in English.\n\nThere's this common expression 分かってる \"I know\", which literally translates to\n\"I am knowing\". You wouldn't say it in English this way. But in Japanese it's\nthe common way.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T18:40:41.010",
"id": "78724",
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78720
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78724
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78724
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78819",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "what's the meaning of **と** in [私はお金持ちになったとしても、今 **と** 変わらない生活をするでしょう。]?\n\nthat **と** doesn't seem to be a 'connotation' particle. It rather seems like a\n'comparison' particle.\n\nEnglish translation:[Even if I were to become rich, I doubt my life would\nchange much from what it is like now.] Japanese version:[私はお金持ちになったとしても、今\n**と** 変わらない生活をするでしょう。].",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T17:07:11.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78722",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-01T17:41:20.453",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-01T17:41:20.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is the following と an example of 'with' or 'compared to'?",
"view_count": 166
}
|
[
{
"body": "One of the functions of と is to highlight a relationship between a noun phrase\nwith the subject of a clause. This is often used in comparisons. It's similar\nto the English word 'as' in this sense. For example:\n\n> この車は僕の **と** 同じです。This car is the same **as** my car.\n\nHere, the と serves to show that the subject (この車) has a relationship with the\nother noun phrase (僕の車). That relationship is then clarified (同じです). It's like\nsaying `the relationship between Noun A and Noun B is X`.\n\nSimilarly, in your sentence 今と変わらない生活, the subject is inferred as the\nlifestyle of 私はお金持ちになった and と indicates a relationship between that and 今.\nThis relationship is then clarified as 変らない. In other words, `the relationship\nbetween 'rich lifestyle' and 'current lifestyle' is 'nothing different'`.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T15:48:45.733",
"id": "78819",
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78722
|
78819
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78819
|
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> たとえ失敗したとしても、 **またチャレンジすればいい** 。\n\n> Even if you fail, **just continue** to **challenge yourself**.\n\n 1. Where can I find the **yourself** part in the Japanese sentence? Also, where is **just continue** in the sentence?\n\n 2. Is the translation even accurate!!?\n\n 3. Here's my own translation, correct me if I'm wrong:\n\n> Even if you fail, 1(you should) 2(take the challenge) 3(again)].\n\n> たとえ失敗したとしても、3(また) 2(チャレンジすれ) 1(ばいい)。]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T17:52:49.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78723",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-21T09:03:50.383",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-24T07:13:02.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is the translation \"Even if you fail, just continue to challenge yourself.\" correct for 「たとえ失敗したとしても、またチャレンジすればいい。」?",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation is fine, and it's clear that you understand the constituent\nparts, but so is \"Even if you fail, just continue to challenge yourself\".\nTranslation is as much an art as anything. Word for word translations often\nsounds clunky and unnatural in the target language. I wouldn't overthink\nthings too much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T21:47:19.680",
"id": "78730",
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}
] |
78723
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{
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"body": "Why wasn't が used instead of には in\n\n> [そんなこと、私 **には** とても出来ない。]?\n\nIs it correct to use が? What is the meaning/sense and role of には in the\nsentence to choose it over the が particle?\n\nEnglish:\n\n> There's no way I could do something like that.\n\nNote!! Same phenomenon in [この本の漢字は難しいので私にはとても読めない。].",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T18:43:59.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78725",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T21:38:17.430",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-23T21:38:17.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Why wasn't が used instead of には in [そんなこと、私にはとても出来ない。]?",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[
{
"body": "私には the emphasis is on the \"I\", suggesting that perhaps some other person may\nbe able, but I am not. Typicaly this is regarding some skill.\n\nWith が the emphasis would be more neutral, or even focused on the 出来ない．\n\nThese forms may also be used in a sense like \"I could never do that!\" again\nemphasis is up to the speaker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T20:45:31.407",
"id": "78728",
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"parent_id": "78725",
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"score": 2
}
] |
78725
| null |
78728
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78729",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japanese version:\n\n> 来年も仕事があるとは限らないから、 **ちゃんと** 貯金して **おか** なければいけない。\n\nEnglish version:\n\n> There's no guarantee that there will be work next year so I need to make\n> sure to save some money **while I can**.\n\n 1. Why are 'ちゃんと=seriously' and 'おか=pile' not mentioned in the English version?\n 2. Where is the 'while I can' in the Japanese version? Or is ちゃんと=while I can?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T19:56:48.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78726",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-23T21:34:12.063",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-23T21:26:09.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "おか means 'pile' in [来年も仕事があるとは限らないから、ちゃんと貯金しておかなければいけない。] right?",
"view_count": 34
}
|
[
{
"body": "おか is not 'pile' here. It is a conjugation of the auxiliary verb おく.\n\nA verb in te-form + おく means to do the verb in advance, or in preparation for\nsomething. So 貯金しておく means to save money in preparation for something, i.e.\nfor the possibility that there will be no work next year. I think this is\nwhere the 'while I can' part of the English translation comes from.\n\nI find ちゃんと rather a tricky word. I guess 'diligently' would work here. We can\nonly guess why the translator omitted a translation of this word, but I don't\nthink it really adds anything to the English translation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T21:34:12.063",
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78726
|
78729
|
78729
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78735",
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"body": "In the song [深い森](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIoDWTF0qSo) by Do As\nInfinity, this comes up:\n\n```\n\n 僕たちは 生きるほどに\n 失くしてく 少しずつ\n 偽りや 嘘をまとい\n \n```\n\nIs this 失くしてく a short-form of 失くしていく? Or is the く after the て-form of 失くす\nsomething else?\n\nThanks a lot!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T20:26:23.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78727",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T09:47:49.530",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-24T09:47:49.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "18895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "What does the く in 無くしてく do?",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is this 失くしてく a short-form of 失くしていく?\n\nQuick answer: Yes.\n\nAn English translation\n[here](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/%E6%B7%B1%E3%81%84%E6%A3%AE-deep-\nforest.html) also shows that it must be ていく because it shows the progression\nof losing something\n\n```\n\n As we go on living\n We lose something little by little\n Wrapped in deceit and lies\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T01:09:20.173",
"id": "78735",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29327",
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"score": 2
}
] |
78727
|
78735
|
78735
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{
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"body": "if it's not a の-adjective, what do i have to consider it in the sentence? Do I\nread '二人の選手' as 'athlete/player of two persons'? If it's a の-adjective i think\ni can read it as 'two players' or 'pair of players' right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-23T23:47:30.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78732",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:35:35.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Is 二人 a の-adjective in [今日のサイクリングレースでは、**二人**の選手が最後まで抜きつ抜かれつ一番争いをして いた。]?",
"view_count": 45
}
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[
{
"body": "Japanese works differently than English. の is used to join two nouns, with the\nfirst modifying the second.\n\n * 本【ほん】の読者【どくしゃ】 \nbook の reader → the book's reader, the reader of the book\n\n * 犬【いぬ】の飼【か】い主【ぬし】 \ndog の keeper → the dog's keeper, the keeper of the dog\n\nSometimes the relationship works out a little differently than the above, in\nwhich case you must rely on context and the meaning of the individual words.\n\nFor your sample phrase, we have the noun 二人【ふたり】 and the noun 選手【せんしゅ】. The の\nin between _could_ be possessive, wherein the 二人【ふたり】 and the 選手【せんしゅ】 are\ndistinct and separate entities:\n\n * 二人【ふたり】の選手【せんしゅ】 \ntwo people の player(s) → the two people's player(s), the player(s) of the two\npeople\n\nAlternatively, this could mean that \"the two people's player(s)\" means the two\npeople _are_ the players. This is most likely the correct interpretation in\nyour sample.\n\nA similar phrase might be:\n\n * 花【はな】の束【たば】 \nflower(s) の bunch(es) → a bunch of flowers, where the flowers _are_ the bunch\n\nWhile の is often used for the possessive, remember that ultimately it's used\nto join two nouns, where the first is modifying the second.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T00:52:41.520",
"id": "78733",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:35:35.753",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "78732",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78732
| null |
78733
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand this to mean \"return home\". I am thinking about starting a new\ncompany and I would like something to mean, \"return back to my roots, back to\na safe place\". Would \"kitaku\" be a word that could have this meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T01:01:27.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78734",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T04:52:40.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39785",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"colloquial-language",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does the work \"Kitaku\" mean?",
"view_count": 322
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Kitaku(帰宅)\" literally means \"to go home\". It may make viewers imagine that\nworkers go home or that come to our office as your home.\n\nIf you want to know a cool Japanese phrase that means something like \"return\nback to my roots, back to a safe place\", I come up with the phrase\n\"Gentenkaiki(原点回帰)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T04:52:40.650",
"id": "78737",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T04:52:40.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37138",
"parent_id": "78734",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78734
| null |
78737
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Occasionally, I hear the pitch accent of phrases that should be heard as 平板型\nend up not being this way. Some examples are\n[卒業して](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMZyo95GfN0&t=7m37s)、[それは](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sEWPyebxEs&t=1m17s)、[これは](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlU8UAmTNb8&t=18m36s)、気がする、私は、私が.\nAll of these words and phrases should be \"flat\". However, I have heard a\ncouple instances where the pitch drops, such as in\nそれは{LHL}、これは{LHL}、そつぎょうして{LHHHHHL}、きがする{LHHL}、わたしは{LHHL}、わたしが{LHHL}. Does\nanybody know what exactly is going on with these examples?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T05:03:09.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78738",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T05:03:09.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pitch Accent Confusion",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[] |
78738
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78758",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So usually when there is an omitted part of a sentence its pretty\nstraightforward to know what the rest of the sentence way going to say.\nHowever in this case its really confusing me.\n\nThis is a scene from an anime where the person speaking is being accused of\ndigging holes on a race track to prevent the other person from winning:\n\n穴？ 一体何を証拠に…\n\nNot only am I unsure of what the renaming part of the sentence could be, but\nthe を particle is also throwing me off, something keeps irking me that it\nshould be が.\n\nI did some googling and 何が証拠になるのか seems to be a commonly reoccurring phrase,\nbut nothing comes up with を.\n\nAny help or clarification is much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T08:36:54.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78740",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:31:54.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difficulty understanding the following sentence 穴？ 一体何を証拠に…",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 何を証拠に is a `AをBに` (\"with A as B\", \"using A as B\") construction, which\nforms an adverbial phrase.\n\n * [Meaning and transitivity of ゴミ袋を手に立ち上がる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20854/5010)\n * [Two を in a single sentence - how to understand it?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16288/5010)\n\nThe literal translation is \"With what as the evidence...?\" or \"Using what as\nthe evidence...?\" Something like そんな事を言うんだ or 俺を犯人扱いするんだ is omitted after\nthis.\n\nHe could have said 何が証拠だ or 証拠は何だ instead, which is a complete sentence on its\nown.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T21:31:54.767",
"id": "78758",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:31:54.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78740",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78740
|
78758
|
78758
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Jp6trk9Ljs&t=3m41s](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Jp6trk9Ljs&t=3m41s)\n\n何のためのくじ引きだと思ったんだ ？\n\nはい、はい！順番、順番！？\n\nはい、 A 組以外は、はい、 戻る !\n\nOr did I misunderstand these sentences?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T12:38:41.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78741",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:58:59.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"syntax",
"kana"
],
"title": "Do Japanese use 順番、順番！ as a command, like in the military?",
"view_count": 160
}
|
[
{
"body": "The sentence in the title 順番、順番！on its own, Turn , turn!, except in an unusual\ncontext, such as a response in a classroom as to what this word is, etc,\nwouldn't likely be used, since it's a noun. For an imperative, a verb meaning\nto turn and with the word ending for the 'imperative tense' would be used.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T14:29:04.010",
"id": "78745",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T14:34:04.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-24T14:34:04.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "39530",
"owner_user_id": "39530",
"parent_id": "78741",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "\"順番！\"\n\nTaking Turns! = Kids on a slide など (everyone wants to go)\n\nEveryone Goes! = Kids lining up to get vaccine (nobody wants to go)\n\nUsed by: Someone in authority (Mom, Teacher, Coach)\n\n順番 is not turn however, it is an idea referring to order, an order of steps,\nor it could be turns for people. note in kanji we have 書き順.\n\nAs for military usage, well perhaps in some instances, though is seem odd that\nis would need to be shouted at soldiers, as discipline should be their domain.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T18:07:21.533",
"id": "78749",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T18:07:21.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78741",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Unlike 戻る (which is a [plain-form\nimperative](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15816/5010)), 順番 by itself is\nnot a direct command to make someone move. In this video, the teacher simply\nreminded the students that there was something called 順番 that they needed to\nrespect. Semantically, this \"順番!\" is more like \"Remember 順番!\".\n\nLikewise, we don't say \"順番!\" in militaristic contexts. A normal drill command\nto make people line up is \"整列!\" (\"Fall in!\").",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T21:58:59.747",
"id": "78759",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:58:59.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78741",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78741
| null |
78759
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv7ZYbhTLco&t=4m7s](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv7ZYbhTLco&t=4m7s)\n\n関節と関節の間は謂わば関節である\n\nGoogle translate only gives the following: _So-called joints are between\njoints_",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T12:40:29.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78742",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:17:10.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"syntax",
"kana"
],
"title": "What is the point of using 謂わば in this sentence?",
"view_count": 58
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 謂わば literally means \"if I say\", but it is an idiom that means \"so to\nspeak\". The sentence translates to \"Between a joint and a joint, there is\nanother joint, so to speak\".\n\nThis should be a reference to the weird modeling of the characters in FF7 on\nPS1.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rpesLs.png)\n\nA human's joint (e.g. the elbow) is usually a thick part of the body, but as\nyou can see, the characters in FF7 had remarkably thin elbows and shoulders.\nSo I suppose this comment wanted to say \"Between Cloud's two thin joints,\nthere is another joint(-like thickening), so to speak\". I don't think this is\na very good joke, and perhaps most people did not understand this comment. You\ndon't have to worry too much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T21:17:10.920",
"id": "78757",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:17:10.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78742",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78742
| null |
78757
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was going through ている, and a question popped up in my that, whether ている be\nused to denote those acts that are being expressed that haven't been performed\nhabitually?\n\nている, as we know, can express habitual things e.g. 私は毎日新聞を読んでいる (meaning I read\nnewspaper daily)\n\nCan ている be expressed to show that I don't perform an act habitually (lets say\nI don't do something daily, weekly etc.) E.g. 私は毎日新聞を読んでいない?\n\nThank You",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T13:18:04.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78743",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T00:47:03.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can ている be used for stating activities that are not being performed habitually",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "So I hope I understand your question here, and this answer makes sense.\n\nFirst off your eg. sentence works. It implies that you do read the paper, but\nnot everyday.\n\nLets say you want to use a different time delimiter than everyday; we could\nuse たまに. We have two options for this, Positive and Negative, and both\neffectively mean the same thing while using opposite logic.\n\n私はたまに新聞を読んでいる\n\n私はたまにしか新聞を読んでいない (Note the use of しか～ vない）\n\nYou could also say something like, 毎日読んでいないけど、週4回読んでいます。\n\nHope that Helps.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T18:19:57.047",
"id": "78750",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T00:47:03.247",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-26T00:47:03.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "39772",
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78743",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78743
| null |
78750
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1. Is なの considered as a whole (grammatical expression)?\n 2. Or is it な ,to make 不自由 an adj, and の seperately? If 2) is the case, what does の mean here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T17:10:50.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78746",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T17:50:52.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particles",
"particle-の",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "I ask for an explanation about the なの in [祖母は耳が遠い、つまり、耳が少し不自由**なの**だ。]",
"view_count": 62
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here の is used in the same manner as you might こと, as a nominalizer(sp?)\n\nIt is common to end a sentence with ことだ or のだ basically turning the sentence\nstructure into \" it is the case(thing) that ...\"\n\nEffectively there is little difference in the meaning than if it was not there\nat all, but it can have connotations of politeness, so for instance in the\nsentence you have given, there is an implicit respect for the Grandmother.\n\nThis 文法 is used all over the place, and if you spend much time in conversation\nyou may find yourself doing it without thinking.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T17:50:52.970",
"id": "78748",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T17:50:52.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78746",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78746
| null |
78748
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the 'contuative' form add to the meaning in the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T18:23:14.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78751",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T18:44:45.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Why is it [名前を書いたつもりだったが、**書いていなかった**ようだ。] and not just 書かなかった?",
"view_count": 52
}
|
[
{
"body": "[名前を書いたつもりだったが、 **書いていなかった** ようだ。] So 書いていなかった is saying that \"it was not\nwritten\"\n\nI.e. the speaker is saying they meant to write it, but the paper was blank.\n\n書かなかった would say= I meant to write it, but I did not (write it).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T18:44:45.853",
"id": "78752",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T18:44:45.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78751",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
78751
| null |
78752
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78766",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't find any grammar rules about transformation of つ in っ in compound\nwords. For example 橘花 (WW2 japanese jet). 橘 is きつ and 花 is か. Pronunciation is\nnot きつか but きっか (some people say きつか is ok too, but きっか is actually right). Or\nwords with kanji 絶 (ぜつ): 絶望 (ぜつぼう), 絶滅 (ぜつめつ), but 絶息 (ぜっそく), 絶交 (ぜっこう). Can\nanyone explain please?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T19:15:24.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78753",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T10:33:43.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39747",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "橘花: きっか or きつか? When つ in compound words turns into っ?",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[
{
"body": "These are instances of [sokuon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon)\n(consonant gemination).\n\nUnfortunately, there aren't any simple go-to predictive grammar rules that\nexplain the phenomenon of consonant gemination in Japanese (check\n[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination#Japanese)). As explained on\nWiki [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology#Gemination_2), つ\nand く are sometimes converted to a geminate consonant (marked by the small\ntsu) when they occur mid-word. This happens in some words (絶交 ze **kk** ou, 絶息\nze **ss** oku) and not in others (絶滅 zetsumetsu, 絶望 zetsubou) depending on the\nphonemic environment within the word. It's definitely an interesting aspect of\nJapanese linguistics but it would require some dedicated study to understand\nthe complexity of the rules which determine these changes. If you are just\nlooking to learn which words it happens in and which it doesn't, it's probably\nmore practical to just learn them case by case.\n\n#\n\nThis is discussed in some detail in these answers, which you might find\nuseful:\n\n * [How did \"little tsu\" become a lengthener?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/751/how-did-little-tsu-become-a-lengthener)\n * [とっても versus とても](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/808/%e3%81%a8%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%82%82-versus-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%a6%e3%82%82)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T10:33:43.860",
"id": "78766",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T10:33:43.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "78753",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78753
|
78766
|
78766
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the list of conjugation forms that occurred to 送る in the sentence\n\n> 返事をしたつもりだったが、送れていなかった。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T20:05:44.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78754",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:37:22.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-24T21:05:42.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations",
"て-form"
],
"title": "What conjugation of 送る is used in 返事をしたつもりだったが、送れていなかった",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's the past-negative-potential-teiru form of 送る. This (て)いる refers to the\ncontinuation of state.\n\n * **送る** : to send\n * **送れる** : (potential) to be able to send\n * **送れている** : (potential-teiru) have been able to send\n * **送れていない** : (negative-potential-teiru) have not been able to send\n * **送れていなかった** : (past-negative-potential-teiru) had not been able to send\n\nThe sentence means \"I thought I replied, but [I noticed] I hadn't sent [the\nmail] (successfully)\".\n\nRelated:\n\n * [When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of state?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n * [Question about 金欠で久しく in the sentence 金欠で久しくスタバに行けてないけど・・・](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12267/5010)\n * [ている vs ていた](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/57195/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T20:56:14.317",
"id": "78755",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:37:22.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-24T21:37:22.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This 送れて is the _te_ -form of the \"potential form\" 送れる of 送る.\n\nThe potential form is sometimes used to mean that something was done\nsuccessfully\n\n> メールを送れた \n> I (successfully) sent the email ( _lit._ I was able to send the email)\n\nIn the sentence\n\n> 返事をしたつもりだったが、 **送れて** いなかった\n\nthe _te_ -form (which together with いる may be used to express a state) is used\nto express a state of \"not having been sent (successfully)\", so\n\n> I was under the impression that I replied [to the email], but it hadn't been\n> successfully sent",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T21:04:04.813",
"id": "78756",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-24T21:04:04.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "78754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78754
| null |
78755
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> タバコをやめてからは、毎日300円ずつ貯金箱に入れている。 **タバコを買ったつもりで、お金を入れるわけだ**\n> 。お金がたまったら自分へのプレゼントとして何か買うことに している。\n\n 1. My own understanding was: \n**{although the intention to buy cigarettes, (it was concluded that) i insert\nmoney in (the saving jar)}** .\n\n 2. Or with a rare meaning of 入れる=to pay(one's rent, etc.), i translate it as: \n**{with the intention of buying cigarettes, no wonder that one would pay/waste\nmoney}**\n\n 3. Why would 1) and 2) be wrong and {Basically it's the money I planned on spending on cigarettes.} be CORRECT??",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T00:43:13.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78761",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T12:11:15.473",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-25T05:41:06.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Why is タバコを買ったつもりで、お金を入れるわけだ translated to \"Basically it's the money I planned on spending on cigarettes\"?",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "This requires some \"feeling into the language\". I will walk you through the\nparagraph and indicating the underlying feelings.\n\nタバコをやめてからは、毎日300円ずつ貯金箱に入れている。（→嬉しいこと）\nタバコを買ったつもりで、お金を入れるわけだ。（→タバコは好きだけれど、やめたらお金はたまる。だからその300円の貯金はタバコを吸った喜びだと思い込む）\nお金がたまったら自分へのプレゼントとして何か買うことに している。（→プレゼントが買えるから、タバコが吸えなくなった慰めにはなる）\n\nOverall, this person is really trying to stay positive about not smoking\nanymore. Money is the perspective he took so he feels more comfortable with\nhis actions.\n\nI would translate that sentence as \"I am putting in the money as if I have\nbought cigarettes already.\"\n\nIn order to interpret this sentence with accuracy, I need to know the actual\nstory. So far, this is what I understood from the paragraph.\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T12:11:15.473",
"id": "78769",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T12:11:15.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39800",
"parent_id": "78761",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78761
| null |
78769
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78764",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw this sentence in my review today:\n\n> 母はいつも、単身赴任中の父のことを案じている。\n\nNo pronouns, but easy to understand. One way of translating this sentence\nwould be\n\n> My mom (A) is always worried about my father (B) moving away for work.\n\nIn other words, there is a first person talking about (A) and (B). Now, what\nif the sentence was written this way:\n\n> My mom is always worried about her husband moving away for work.\n\nThe meaning is still the same, but this time, instead of showing how the first\nperson is related to (A) AND (B), it shows first person's relationship to (A),\nthen (A)'s relationship to (B). Thanks to the use of pronouns, ambiguity is\navoided. Japanese has a tendency to avoid pronouns as much as possible, so I\nthink this sentence doesn't sound natural:\n\n> 母はいつも、単身赴任中の彼女の夫のことを案じている。\n\n母 can be repeated twice to remove ambiguity but it sounds awkward.\n\n> 母はいつも、単身赴任中の母の夫のことを案じている。\n\nIs there a way to translate the sentence \"My mom is always worried about her\nhusband moving away for work.\" without using pronouns?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T02:35:49.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78763",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T06:33:41.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-25T04:50:14.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Translating without the use of pronouns",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "This speaker is calling his/her own father 母の夫 or 彼女の夫, but it sounds really\nawkward at least in Japanese. While it's grammatical, the listener will\nprobably think the speaker has some complicated reason not to call his/her own\nfather father.\n\nThe first sentence looks perfectly natural and there is almost no ambiguity.\nIf you really care, you can make it more explicit simply by saying\n母はいつも、単身赴任中の **私の** 父のことを案じている. As you know, we do not say 私の commonly in\nJapanese, but it's still much better than saying 母の夫.\n\nIn rare cases where your mother is worried about your grandfather, you can say\nsomething like 母はいつも、まだ現役で単身赴任中の祖父のことを案じている.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T06:21:05.603",
"id": "78764",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T06:33:41.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-25T06:33:41.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78763",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78763
|
78764
|
78764
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78771",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Recently I saw this sentence:\n\n> マリアさんもホセさん、テレサちゃんときてください\n\nI understand this as\n\n> Maria, please also come, along with Jose and Teresa\n\nIf my translation is correct, is the comma a standard way of including\nmultiple other people? How about using と instead?\n\n> ホセさんとテレサちゃんと\n\nAs a side question, if we replace も with は, how does the meaning change? Would\nit be\n\n> Maria, please come, along with Jose and Teresa\n\nwithout the \"also\" part?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T10:16:28.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78765",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T14:07:53.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-25T12:43:02.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "39455",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "How to say \"with Person A and Person B\"?",
"view_count": 423
}
|
[
{
"body": "In my opinion, Maria and Jose are being addressed and asked to come with\nTeresa. If you think this way, the comma will make more sense.\n\nMaria and Jose, please come along with Teresa.\n\nは won't make any sense here, because it functions as a being verb as is/are.\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T12:00:45.240",
"id": "78768",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T14:07:53.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-29T14:07:53.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "1065",
"owner_user_id": "39800",
"parent_id": "78765",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Of course, you can use と in this sentence such as マリアさんもホセさんとテレサちゃんときてください.\nEither is fine.\n\nIf some words are listed, と is often omitted such as\n明日学校に、教科書、鉛筆、ノート、絵の具、お弁当、体操着を持ってきてください.\n\nYou can replace も with は, and that means as you said.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T13:11:51.467",
"id": "78771",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T13:11:51.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "78765",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78765
|
78771
|
78771
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78784",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The main character describes her life on an island:「そこで、なんてことないあたしは暮らしている。」\nIt's translated as \"[on this island] I lived my ordinary life.\"\n\nI don't think -ない can qualify anything other than a noun, so なんてことない must be\nqualilfying あたし. Does she say something like \"[...] the completely ordinary me\nlived my life\"?\n\nAlso, I couldn't find the meaning of \"なんてことない\" as \"ordinary\" in a dictionary;\ncould someone link a good definition?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T11:36:26.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78767",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T23:58:45.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "なんてことない qualifying あたし?",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your parsing is correct. Here なんてこと ≒ a surprise thing and ない negates\nなんてこと.\n\nAs you mentioned なんてことない modifying あたし, so the structure of the sentence is\n\"あたし [which is not a surprising thing : なんてことない] lives on the island\".\n\nIt is not so obvious that \"あたし\" is an average person just on the island or an\naverage person everywhere. Anyway, \"あたし\" is type of an ordinary person. So,\nyour translation \"ordinary me lived my life\" sounds more closer to me than to\n\"I lived my ordinary life\".\n\n[なんてことない](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A6%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nin the thesaurus dictionary explains its basic meaning is\n\n> 騒ぐ程の内容ではないという趣旨の表現\n\nAgain, あたし is not a type of getting really paid attention to in the\nenvironment (i.e. on the island).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T23:58:45.777",
"id": "78784",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T23:58:45.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "78767",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78767
|
78784
|
78784
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78773",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The character was describing her life, and has finished the previous sentence\nwith a full stop. She then said・・・・・・なんてことない日々を変えたい、と焦がれながら. It's translated\nas \"Hoping that some day something interesting would happen.\"\n\nI am completely lost in the grammar of this sentence. I tried to read it as\nfollows:\n\nXと焦がれながら = while longing for X.\n\nBut X is なんてことない日々を変えたい. So it's like saying \"I was longing for me wanting\nto...\" which clearly is wrong.\n\nIn addition, she's using a transitive verb 変えたい. Is she basically saying that\nshe wanted to change the ordinary days, in the sense that she wanted to make\nsomething interesting happen?\n\nAnd why 日々を変えたい rather than 日々が変えたい? Is it just conversational style?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T12:13:09.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78770",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T17:05:00.237",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-25T16:29:23.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "10268",
"owner_user_id": "10268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "The grammar of ~たい と焦がれながら",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[
{
"body": "It can be parsed as follows:\n\n * The first part, なんてことない日々を変えたい, is what she is thinking to herself. Like saying to yourself \"I want to change up this dull lifestyle\".\n * と the quotative particle indicating that what came previously is the content of the following verb. This と is often followed by verbs like 'think', 'say', 'feel' etc, which explain what is being done with the quoted phrase.\n * 焦がれながら the verb 焦がれる (to yearn for) + ながら (while, during). This means 'while yearning'.\n\nPutting it together, she is yearning while thinking to herself \"I'd like to\nchange this uninteresting lifestyle\". Translations often take some liberty to\navoid prosaic literal renderings, so the translation you mention is\nreasonable, in my opinion.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T17:05:00.237",
"id": "78773",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T17:05:00.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "78770",
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"score": 3
}
] |
78770
|
78773
|
78773
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here are a couple of sentences:\n\n 1. 雨が降るそうです\n\n 2. 雨が降りそうです\n\nDoes 1 mean `I hear it will rain`, while 2 means `It seems it will rain?`?\n\nAnd then, what about tenses?:\n\n 1. 雨が降ったそうです\n\n 2. ?\n\n1 meaning `I heard it will rain`? There is no past masu stem so how would you\ncreate 2? Would 2 then just mean `It looked like it would rain`?\n\nTo add to my confusion, there is `みたい`. What is the difference between `verb\nmasu stem + そう` and `plain verb + みたい`?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T15:28:00.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78772",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-18T15:07:10.607",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-18T14:45:54.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36633",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"tense"
],
"title": "そう with verbs in different forms as well as the differences with みたい",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "when following what could be called 'sentence form', そうだ means I heard/people\nsay that.\n\n雨が降るそうだ - I heard it will rain\n\nwhen following a verb's masu-stem or an adjective's stem (remove い or な as\nappropriate), そうだ means it looks like/seems\n\n雨が降りそうだ - It looks like it will rain\n\nNext you have みたい\n\nみたい（だ） is a more casual version of よう（だ） and both work basically the same way:\n\nIt expresses\n\na) a likelihood of something (looks like/appears to be the case) e.g.\n木村さんは昨日お酒はを飲んだようだ・木村さんは昨日お酒を飲んだみたいだ It seems that Mr Kimura dran sake\nyesterday\n\nb) I likeness/similarity between one thing and another e.g.\nこの酒は水のようだ・この酒は水みたいだ this sake i like water\n\nThe difference between みたい・よう and そう (meaning looks like) is that：\n\nそう is based on what the speaker sees or feels and there i less certainty than\nwith よう which is also based on what the speaker sees/saw, but involves further\nreasoning on the part of the speaker to interpret the situation. There may be\nmore reliable information involved here.\n\nBasically, そう is a simple 'it looks like', where as よう is 'it seems to me,\nthat...'\n\nYou may also find the expressions だろう/でしょう or らしい which can express similar\nideas to the above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T02:36:35.357",
"id": "78812",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T02:36:35.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7953",
"parent_id": "78772",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78772
| null |
78812
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This phrase appears in the first episode of the anime Acchi Kocchi:\n\n> **急ぐついでに** 早く行って暖房の恩恵にすがろうかと\n\nWhat does this 急ぐついでに mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T18:01:42.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78774",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T02:30:32.363",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-26T02:30:32.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "39797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "what does 急ぐついでに mean?",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "ついで is a noun that is a bit difficult to translate by itself, but it refers to\n\"a secondary/side purpose\". ついでに is often translated as \"while you're at it\"\nor \"taking this opportunity\". ついで can be safely modified by a relative clause.\n\n * [Difference between ついでに and たびに in the following example](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29286/5010)\n * [「ついでの」in this context](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40579/5010)\n * [Maggie Sensei: How to use ついでに (=tsuideni)](http://maggiesensei.com/2015/01/14/how-to-use-%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AB-tsuideni/)\n\nIn this sentence, the speaker will hurry (急ぐ) primarily for something\nmentioned in the previous sentences, and the 暖房 is the secondary purpose.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T01:29:55.133",
"id": "78789",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T01:29:55.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78774",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78774
| null |
78789
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From jisho, it seems like 何より means best, more important than anything, above\nall else, etc. The meaning doesn't change much from that. I have heard\nご無事で何よりです. If I use the meaning in jisho, it will sounds like \"most\nimportantly, you are save/ healthy\". From the conversation though, this\ntranslation doesn't seem too cohesive so to say. In other words, it doesn't\nfit very well. I judge from my own guts that the more accurate translation of\nthat phrase is really \"it is good to hear that you are save (more then\nanything)\". I realised that there it still means \"more than anything\" but\nthere is also an added nuance that is (probably) more important and that is\n\"it is good to hear\". Am I right on this or is what I am saying utter\ngibberish that is meant for the garbage",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T18:47:03.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78775",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T02:59:54.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "何より meaning in a sentence",
"view_count": 359
}
|
[
{
"body": "何より ＝ Above all else, or sure most importantly\n\nより means more than, though it crops up in places where the translation to\nEnglish seems odd to our ears.\n\nThis in one good example of where simply knowing the language from a text may\nnot assist. Why? Because if you really want to speak a language (in this case\nJapanese) then you must approach the concepts that you are trying to convey in\nthe manner that the native speakers would.\n\nSo try to listen and use the phrases you hear others using, making sure you\ncorrectly understand their meaning. 何より、諦めずに、勉強を頑張ってください！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T23:31:32.757",
"id": "78779",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T23:31:32.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78775",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "As you have correctly suspected, this type of 何よりだ is a common and polite set\nphrase used simply like \"(I'm) very glad to hear/see (that)\". You have to\nremember this usage as a fixed pattern. It can still mean \"more important than\nanything\", depending on the context. Compare the following two sentences:\n\n> 子供には親の健康が何よりです。 \n> For children, the health of the parents is more important than anything.\n>\n> お母様は健康なようで、何よりです。 \n> I'm glad to hear your mother is healthy.\n\nOther examples:\n\n * それは何より。 \nGlad to hear that.\n\n * 理解していただければ何よりです。 \nI would greatly appreciate if you understand this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T02:59:54.020",
"id": "78791",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T02:59:54.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78775",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78775
| null |
78791
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "みんなの日本語って教科書 **が** だれでも知っているね。it should be を not が right? 知っている is transitive\nverb. same phenomenon in トムさん、さっき山田さんって人 **が** 探してたよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T19:59:04.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78776",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T01:09:06.897",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-25T20:07:11.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "39768",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "みんなの日本語って教科書**が**だれでも知っているね。it should be を not が right?",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not following this sentence.\n\nThe は is attached to みんなの日本語(は)...\n\nIs this sentence from somewhere? Perhaps the sentence may be re-worded as,\n皆の日本語って、誰でも知っているような、教科書からきた感じだ。\n\nI suppose the lesson here is that って after the subject acts as は",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T23:55:00.930",
"id": "78783",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T23:55:00.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78776",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "If you really copied this sentence correctly, this が is intended to be an\n**exhaustive-listing が**. That is, the speaker introduced みんなの日本語 as _the_\nonly textbook everyone knows.\n\n> みんなの日本語って教科書 **が** だれでも知っているね。 \n> The textbook called _Minna-no Nihongo_ , it's the (only) one everyone\n> knows.\n\nThe sentence above is not incorrect, but it would be more natural if a\nrelative clause were used:\n\n> みんなの日本語って教科書 **が** だれでも知っているものだね。 \n> The textbook called _Minna-no Nihongo_ is the one everyone knows.\n\nIf this implication of (\"the only\") is unnecessary (which usually is), you can\nuse は or を instead (は is usually preferred).\n\n> みんなの日本語って教科書 **は** だれでも知っているね。 \n> みんなの日本語って教科書 **を** だれでも知っているね。 \n> Everyone knows a textbook called _Minna-no Nihongo_. / One textbook\n> everyone knows is _Minna-no Nihongo_.\n\nSee Also:\n\n * [What's the difference between wa (は) and ga (が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010)\n\n> Exhaustive-listing works similar to contrastive は, implying contrast to the\n> rest of the universe of discourse. A:「だれが日本語を知っていますか？」 B:「ジョンが日本語できます」 できる\n> is a non-action verb, so this is exhaustive-listing. Assume that we are\n> talking about the three new students: Jon, Bill and Tom. **If B knows that\n> Jon and Tom can both speak Japanese, B just lied. If B knows Jon can speak\n> Japanese, but doesn't know about the others, the contrastive は is\n> appropriate to use instead of が**.\n\n * [Is the object uniquely determined when using は in the following sentences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/35966/5010)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T01:09:06.897",
"id": "78788",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T01:09:06.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78776",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78776
| null |
78788
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Or what is written on this image? I think this is in Osaka kansai dialect.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VyWNC.png)\n\nAnd also, what is here?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oOE5I.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T22:50:08.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78777",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T04:40:03.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-25T22:58:29.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "39801",
"owner_user_id": "39801",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kansai-ben",
"academic-japanese",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "What does じゃあーりませんか mean?",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "じゃありませんか？ ＝ is it not ___? (this is a rhetorical question, as the speaker is\nstating something that is either obvious, or to which he can only think of one\nanswer.)\n\nas for the ー in the middle, I can not see but perhaps this is an old person\nspeaking? it is there to make the reading sound more like the way the\ncharacter speaks. Like is we write Pirate speech in er funay way maytee, arr.\nMake sense? This is very common in マンガ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T23:36:56.927",
"id": "78780",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T23:36:56.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78777",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> これまったカンペーさんじゃあーりませんか\n\nThis is 「これはまた、カンペーさんじゃありませんか」 (\"Oh, is it you again, Kanpei!\") but said with\nan eccentric accent. じゃありませんか (ではありませんか, じゃないですか, etc) is a way to express the\nspeaker's surprise. See: [Meaning of\n言うではありませんか](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65231/5010)\n\nIsn't the speaker チャーリー浜? This これまった + あーりませんか is one of his signature gags\n([video](https://youtu.be/Q6OW-9RZUMA)) which became popular in 1990. He often\nplayed the role of a snobbish businessperson, and his あーりませんか is not Kansai-\nben but more like the [stereotypical gaijin-\nspeech](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65033/5010).\n\n> ###\n> [チャーリー浜](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E6%B5%9C)\n>\n> 吉本新喜劇では「 **アメリカかぶれ** のキザなお坊ちゃん」「キザなヤクザ」などの役どころが多く、大阪離れした奇異な言葉遣い（「\n> **…じゃあ～りませんか** 」など）で印象をつけた後、劇の最後に大阪弁をまくしたててオチをつける、というコントラストで人気を得た。\n\nどんなもんや is a Kansai-ben version of どんなものだ (\"How was this?\", \"Did you see?\"). I\nmay be wrong but I guess this is from 島木譲二, another Kansai comedian who often\nplayed the role of a funny yakuza. カンペー is 間寛平.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T01:59:51.160",
"id": "78790",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T04:40:03.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-26T04:40:03.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78777",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78777
| null |
78790
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have no clue what の has to do in the sentence. Isn't 周り **とコミュニケーション**\nです。enough?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T23:24:16.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78778",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T23:45:36.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "仕事をする上で大切なのは、周りと**の**コミュニケーションです。What's the function of の here?",
"view_count": 60
}
|
[
{
"body": "NICE Question.\n\nSo the の is in it's possessive functionality here.\n\nThe Communication is that which is had between the speaker and those around\nthem.\n\nThis is a common form when talking about the state of some relationship or\nsome interaction\n\nEX：\n\n君との生活はできない\n\nあいつらとの関係は上手くいかないね。\n\n親との考え方が違うんだ\n\nHope that helps",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T23:45:36.897",
"id": "78781",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-25T23:45:36.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78778",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
78778
| null |
78781
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My learning program gave me this sentence:\n\n> 私 は 彼女 の 考え 方 に 就いて 興味 が 有り ます。\n\nTranslated as \"I'd be interested to know what she thinks.\"\n\nHowever i've been lead to believe that should be imasu at the end and no\narimasu, as the person is in reference here.\n\nIs it just one of those \"rules\" that isn't really that important in real life?\nIf not, can someone explain why it was used here?\n\nthanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-25T23:47:58.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78782",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T04:12:06.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35240",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Arimasu is used for things that aren't living. are there exceptions to this?",
"view_count": 725
}
|
[
{
"body": "いる vs ある maybe a fictitious character on a TV screen is いる (Mickey Mouse) ,\nbut a stuffed animal of the character... may be either, are we pretending it\nis alive (with a young kid) could go either way.\n\nOther than that, if it is alive and animated = いる ＜＝＞ not animated = ある\n\nよし！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T00:02:47.157",
"id": "78785",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T01:07:28.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-26T01:07:28.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "39772",
"owner_user_id": "39772",
"parent_id": "78782",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 私 **は** 彼女の考え方について興味 **が** あります。\n\nAlthough this sentence is usually translated as \"I'm interested in ～\" with \"I\"\nas the subject, the grammatical subject of the original sentence is **not** 私.\nA very literal translation of this sentence is:\n\n> As for me, **interest exists** regarding her way of thinking.\n\nAs you can see, the subject of あります is 興味, not 私 nor 考え方. Of course 興味 is an\ninanimate object. In other words, this sentence is about the existence of\nsomeone's interest, not about the existence of someone (\"me\" = 私). Since this\nsentence is not about where I am or whether I exist, you cannot use いる here.\n\nJapanese is a [topic-prominent\nlanguage](https://eastasiastudent.net/study/topic-prominent/), and one\nsentence can have both a は-marked **topic** and a が-marked **subject**. You\nmay have learned this fact using a sentence like 彼は背が高い (\"He is tall\") or\nゾウは鼻が長い (\"An elephant has a long nose\"). Please keep in mind that the subject\nis 背 and 鼻, respectively, no matter how this type of sentence is usually\ntranslated into English.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T04:04:32.267",
"id": "78792",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-26T04:12:06.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-26T04:12:06.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78782",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
78782
| null |
78792
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can accept この町は、地下鉄が通った上に、 **デパートに行きもできて** 、便利になった。 Or この町は、地下鉄が通った上に、\n**デパートで買い物もできて** 、便利になった。 But この町は、地下鉄が通った上に、 **デパートもできて** 、便利になった。 looks\nawkward to me. It's like 'One is able to department'????",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T00:17:00.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78786",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T01:16:00.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension",
"grammar",
"comprehension"
],
"title": "この町は、地下鉄が通った上に、**デパートもできて**、便利になった。looks awkward to me",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "About constructions, できた means \"built\".\n\nデパートもできて means \"moreover, a department store opened\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T01:16:00.193",
"id": "78808",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T01:16:00.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39808",
"parent_id": "78786",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78786
| null |
78808
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78809",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "留学を決心した上は、 **仕事を頑張って** 留学の代金を貯金すべきだ。\n\n 1. 頑張って is Intransitive verb so why would it be related to 仕事? I thought it had to be 仕事に not 仕事を.\n 2. If the verb of 仕事を is not 頑張って , then where is its verb in the sentence (i don't think it's すべき nor だ)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T18:07:49.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78794",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T01:30:31.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Does '頑張って' affect '仕事' using 'を' in 留学を決心した上は、**仕事を頑張って**留学の代金を貯金すべきだ。?",
"view_count": 56
}
|
[
{
"body": "頑張る is an intransitive verb, but it can also be used as a transitive verb, at\nleast in current Japanese. (I think this is a rather new usage.) According to\n明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> がんばる【頑張る】 \n> （語法）他動詞としても使う。「英語の勉強 **をがんばって** 一番になったこともある」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T01:30:31.810",
"id": "78809",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T01:30:31.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "78794",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78794
|
78809
|
78809
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78813",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**[来られて][も]** =[even][coming]???? so the literal translation sentence is like:\nEven coming at this late time bothers. ? which would be understood as: Coming\nat this late time bothers/is not prefered/causes trouble....etc. ?\n\ndoes the particle も reallly mean 'even if' in the sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T18:56:38.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78795",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T11:07:05.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "word-by-word translation of こんな遅い時間に**来られても**困ります。",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "**Basically** , も following the te-form means \"even if\".\n\n * 中を見ても何もありません。 \nEven if you look inside, there's nothing.\n\n * 死んでも言わない。 \nI won't say it even if I die.\n\nYou can see lots of examples [here](https://www.learn-japanese-\nadventure.com/japanese-conditional-form-temo.html).\n\n(Since you asked for a word-by-word translation, this ても (or でも) is a\nstandalone conjunctive particle that follows the\n[連用形](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65953/5010). But this is a very\ncommon pattern, and it's fine to think of this simply as the temo-form which\nis like the te-form.)\n\nHowever, the role of も here is different from the basic meaning above. If you\ntranslated this using \"even if\"...\n\n> こんな遅い時間に来られても困ります。 \n> (?) **Even if** you come at this late time, I'll be bothered.\n\nThis is a strange English sentence because 困る is a _natural_ outcome of\n遅い時間に来られる! Actually, I think it's better to think of this sentence as a\n\"reserved\" or \"milder\" version of:\n\n> こんな遅い時間に来られて **は** 困ります。 \n> **If** you come at this late time, I'll be bothered.\n\nては is a way to say \"if\", and replacing は with も makes the sentence sound\nmilder and reserved. This tricky usage of も has asked several times:\n\n * [What is the difference between 「とは限らない」and 「とも限らない」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55266/5010)\n * [も in 「Vのもアレなんだけど」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55970/5010)\n * [Usage of も in a Specific Context](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/51841/5010)\n * [～のも当然だ , use of も to soften](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58433/5010)\n\n* * *\n\nIn case you've missed these...\n\n * 困る is an _intransitive_ verb that means \"to be bothered\" or \"to be at a loss\".\n * The verb before も is not 来て but 来られて. This 来られて is the te-form of 来られる, which is the \"rareru-form\" of 来る. This られる is either a [suffering passive](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1777/5010) or an [honorific](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11533/5010), depending on the context. (Well, it's hard to translate either way...)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T03:04:32.773",
"id": "78813",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T11:07:05.193",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-27T11:07:05.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78795",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "## word-by-word translation of こんな遅い時間に **来られても** 困ります。\n\nHere's the breakdown, first word by word.\n\n> こんな\n\n\"this kind of (something)\"\n\n> 遅【おそ】い\n\n\"late\"\n\n> 時間【じかん】\n\n\"time\", \"time of day\"\n\n> に\n\nLocational / temporal particle: \"at\"\n\n> 来【こ】られて\n\npassive conjunctive form of 来【く】る\n\n> も\n\ninclusive particle: \"also\", \"even\"\n\n> 困【こま】ります\n\nPolite conjugation of 困【こま】る: \"to be stuck, to be in a pickle, to be in an\nunfortunate situation\"\n\n## By phrase\n\nPutting the first half back together:\n\n> こんな遅【おそ】い時間【じかん】に\n\n\"this kind of late time at\" → \"at such a late time as this\"\n\nPutting the second half back together:\n\n> 来【こ】られても困【こま】ります\n\n\"[someone] comes `[PASSIVE]` even [someone] is stuck\" → \"even if [he / she /\nyou / it / they] come, [I'll] be in a bad situation\"\n\nExplaining the passive here involves an advanced topic -- the 来【こ】られて is an\nexample of the \"suffering passive\". There are various posts on the Japanese\nStack Exchange about this: see also\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/search?q=suffering+passive>\n\nBroadly speaking, it's a bit like in English when someone says \"they went and\ndid XYZ **on me** \". It implies a negative result.\n\n### Putting it all back together\n\n> こんな遅い時間に来られても困ります\n\n\"this kind of late time at [someone] comes `[PASSIVE]` even [someone] is\nstuck\"\n\n→\n\n\"At this late hour, even if they come, it won't be good.\"\n\nThe implication is that 1) \"they\" were expected, but didn't show up, and 2) by\nthis point, the speaker doesn't want them to show up.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T04:15:27.253",
"id": "78814",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T04:15:27.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "78795",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78795
|
78813
|
78813
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "今日は先輩に2回 **を** 注意されました。 [today][by senpai][2 times were adviced/warned]???\ndoes this make any sense?\n\nShouldn't it be rather: 今日は先輩に2回 **に** 注意されました。 [today][by senpai][2 times\n（I/He/She..etc) were adviced/warned]??",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T19:46:48.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78796",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T00:56:28.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Why を and not に in 今日は先輩に2回**を**注意されました。?",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 今日は先輩に２回 **を** 注意されました。 \n> 今日は先輩に２回 **に** 注意されました。\n\nBoth sound incorrect, I'm afraid. You'd say:\n\n> 今日は先輩に **２回** 注意されました。\n\n２回 (\"twice\") functions adverbially.\n\n* * *\n\n\"Numeral+counter\" often functions adverbially. eg:\n\n鉛筆が **２本** あります。 \nリンゴを **２つ** 食べました。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T00:56:28.980",
"id": "78805",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T00:56:28.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "78796",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78796
| null |
78805
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78799",
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"body": "I've just started my \"Kanji learning\" and I'm a bit confused. I understand\nthat almost all Kanji can be read differently depending if its followed by\nanother Kanji or Hiragana. But how do I spot the correct reading in the\nfollowing cases? it seems like even if the Kanjis are followed by different\nKanjis the reading changes:\n\n 1. 本田 = HON + DA\n 2. 田中 = TA + NAKA (suddenly da changes to ta)\n 3. 中国 = CHU + GOKU (and now naka has become chu)\n\nIs it really just a memorization of the words themselves or is there a trick\nto it? Sorry if this has already been posted my search didn't return any\nresults.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T20:07:16.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Identifying the correct reading for multiple Kanji",
"view_count": 701
}
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[
{
"body": "As you mention, there is no rule which predicts kanji readings with 100%\naccuracy. But there are some general guidelines which people follow. This rule\nof thumb is something like:\n\n * Kanji compounds (two or more kanji together without kana between them) often use ON-YOMI. For example, 学校, 大学, 日本, etc.\n * Words which have a single kanji combined with kana often use KUN-YOMI. For example, 食べる, 読みます, 折り紙, etc.\n * Names of (Japanese) people and places (in Japan) often use KUN-YOMI. 田中, 北山, 山川, etc.\n\nI must stress that these are just guidelines, not rules. That's just how it is\nwith Japanese. In your examples, we see that 本田 uses the ON-YOMI of 本 combined\nwith the KUN-YOMI of 田. Already this doesn't conform to the guidelines I\nlisted and must be learned as an exception. As for pronouncing 田 as 'da'\ninstead of 'ta', this is an example of 'rendaku' (see\n[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku)), a common occurrence in\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-26T21:35:37.113",
"id": "78799",
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{
"body": "I’m also very new to japanese but from what I gathered each Kanji has two\ndifferent types of readings: KUN reading and ON reading; both of which have\ntheir own fair share of history and context behind them. what matters is that\nON reading is _most_ of the times used when the kanji comes together with\nanother one and KUN reading is _mostly_ used when it comes alone or with\nhiragana. Even though this is more like a probability rather than a rule you\ncould say it’s true about 80% percent of the time.\n\nHowever this doesn’t mean each kanji only has two readings; it’s possible that\none kanji has multiple on and kun readings. In cases with kun readings it’s\nnot too hard to tell the readings apart based on context and the hiragana that\ncomes with them but with ON readings it might get a bit tricky since there\naren’t many hints as to which possible ON reading could be used. At the other\nhand it’s not completely hopeless either since most kanji with multiple ON\nreading have one that is used more commonly so it’s safe to always place your\nbet on the more common one and check later to make sure. It might sound a bit\ncomplicated at first but once you get a more familiar with how the system\nworks you’ll definitely start to get along with it.\n\nAlso the kanji reading system for names is completely different, I don’t know\nmuch about it but it’s not nearly as systematic as the other two readings.\nApparently kanjis have a third type of reading named nanori which is\nspecifically used with names(?♂️). That also means there are multiple\ndifferent ways to write the name of the same person in kanji(?). Anyway If you\nask me I’d say name spelling system shouldn’t technically be too important for\na beginner who’s only starting to get familiar with kanji.\n\nSo for your examples; about the first one: sometimes even the established\nreading seems to change based on the ON reading of the kanji that comes with\nit (convenience?).in this case the original KUN reading for 田 which seems to\nbe た has changed to だ which might be because of the “n” sound that comes\nbefore. Why is the kun reading used even though the word is written completely\nby kanji? I don’t know either but as I mentioned the rules with ON and KUN\naren’t that strict. A good example of established reading changing because of\ntheir accompanying kanji is the word 立派、(りっぱ) -meaning elegant- which is made\nup of 立 that has りつ as one of its most used ON reading and 派 which only has a\nsingle ON reading and that’s は. In this case you could say that since it’s not\neasy to put stress on the sound of は they changed it to ぱ Instead.\n\nYour second example: I think 田中 is a name(?) so you probably shouldn’t pay too\nmuch attention to it; but you can see here that the original ON reading for 田\nand the KUN reading for 中 (なか) are used here. Again why a KUN reading and an\nON reading? I don’t know but since this is name we should probably be happy\nit’s not pronounced something more unrelated and crazier.\n\nIn the third example the established ON reading for both kanjis are used\nexcept that the こくfor 国 has changed to ごく which is another rare case (I swear\nthey don’t happen to often) of ON reading changing slightly probably because\nof their accompanying kanji.\n\nSorry if this was too long of an explanation and also sorry I wasn’t good at\nexplaining and also good luck with everything specially with kanjis and their\nreading",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-26T22:01:19.733",
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78799
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"body": "I've run into this a couple times and was always curious. In what instances\nmight you call someone by both their surname and given name? Ex. In a\nconversation, person B, refers to person A (named Yamada Tarou) as Yamada\nTarou when speaking to them. Is this informal, formal, or rude?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T21:16:41.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78798",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T04:00:44.943",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"names",
"honorifics",
"formality"
],
"title": "What instances would you use someone's full name?",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "This typically happens when you have two or more people with the same surname\nin your organization and they cannot be distinguished even with the suffixes\nsuch as -さん, -先輩, -課長 and -先生. If there are two 山田課長 in your office, it's fine\nto include their given name (e.g., 山田太郎課長) as a last resort. (In casual\nworkplaces we also hear 太郎課長, too.)\n\n_Much_ less commonly, a full name is occasionally used to imply a\npsychological distance. If someone suddenly started to say 山田太郎課長 even though\nthere is no need to disambiguate, I probably feel they are upset about him. (I\nthink English speakers do similar things to scold their children. It's in the\nsame vein.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-27T02:19:31.363",
"id": "78811",
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{
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"body": "What does 入れてください mean in\n\n> 毎日、時間があろうとなかろうと、連絡だけは **入れてください** 。?\n\nWord definitions according to Jisho.org:\n[入れてください](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%95%E3%81%84)\n\n> 1. to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install\n> (e.g. software); to set (a jewel, etc.); to ink in (e.g. tattoo)\n> 2. to admit; to accept; to employ; to hire\n> 3. to accept; to comply; to grant; to adopt (a policy, etc.); to take\n> (advice, etc.); to listen to; to pay attention to esp. 容れる\n> 4. to include\n> 5. to pay (one's rent, etc.)\n> 6. to cast (a vote)\n> 7. to make (tea, coffee, etc.)\n> 8. to turn on (a switch, etc.)\n> 9. to send (a fax); to call\n>\n\nI'm hesitant to choose a definition that fits the sentence above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T21:54:03.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78800",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T03:26:55.837",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-27T00:11:24.613",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 入れてください mean in 毎日、時間があろうとなかろうと、連絡だけは**入れてください**。?",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "連絡を入れる is same as 連絡を取る. It means simply \"to get in touch with someone\".\n\nIn this sentence, だけは emphasizes instructions.\n\nSo 連絡だけは入れてください means that \"be sure that you get in touch with me/them\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T01:02:26.223",
"id": "78806",
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{
"body": "[デジタル大辞林](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%84%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B/#jn-15682)\nsays:\n\n> いれる \n> 10 相手に連絡する。「電話をいれる」「第一報をいれる」\n\n連絡を入れる means \"to contact someone (usually via phone)\".\n\nSo I think the closest definition in jisho.org would be...\n\n> 9. to send (a fax); to call\n>\n\n... perhaps?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-27T01:15:00.443",
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78810",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私が今まで見た中で最も面白いもの\n\nI (think?) understand the meaning of the sentence but I have a hard time\nunderstanding the grammar. My two questions are:\n\n * What is the role of the で In mid sentence? I’ve been told that で particle can be used to specify the context to a verb which means it can only be used when there’s a verb in the sentence and I don’t see a verb here. The only other で That I know of is the transformed version of だ for compound sentences which I don’t think would make much sense here?\n\n * Why use 私が Instead of 私は? Is there a specific reason/ what would it imply otherwise? I’m still new to particles so I have a hard time telling apart the exact conditions for using either of the two, so this might help me understand a bit more. (I do know the basics of the differences between が and は)\n\nI found this somewhere on Twitter so it might not be abide by the grammar\nrules and if so I would like to see how it should be said in a way that’s\ngrammatically correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T23:27:51.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78802",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T01:42:20.343",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-26T23:34:31.537",
"last_editor_user_id": "39807",
"owner_user_id": "39807",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "help with breaking down this sentence: 私が今まで見た中で最も面白いもの",
"view_count": 189
}
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[
{
"body": "This is a perfectly grammatical and perfectly natural noun phrase. It means\n\"the funniest thing I've ever seen\", or a bit more literally, \"the funniest\nthing among the things which I have ever seen\".\n\n> What is the role of the で In mid sentence?\n\nAs you say, で can mark various kinds of _context_ (or _scope_ , _situation_ ,\n_condition_ ). Examples include 合計で (\"in total\"), 1人で (\"alone\"), 家族で (\"with\none's family\"), 最高で (\"at most\"), 仮定で (\"hypothetically\"), その上で (\"taking this\ninto consideration\"), この村で (\"in this village\"), and so on. Since this で forms\nan adverbial expression, some can also modify an adjective.\n\n * この村で最も強い戦士 the strongest warrior in this village\n * 1人でも楽しい fun even when you're alone\n * その上で高い expensive (even) after taking it into consideration\n\n中で is an example of this.\n\n> Why use 私が Instead of 私は?\n\nHave you already learned [relative clauses](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-relative-clauses/)? This 中 is technically a\nnoun, and 私が今まで見た is a relative clause that modifies 中. Inside a relative\nclause, you basically cannot use は.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-27T01:42:20.343",
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78810
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78810
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{
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rqn3g.png)\n\nI saw this tweet earlier today. I find it difficult to understand the\nunderlined portion. This is the first time I saw 目指すよう without に or な\nfollowing it. The same goes with 近く. It looks like an adverb, but I'm sure\nit's not modifying 要請する. Is it 近くの with の omitted? This is not a newspaper\nheadline, but what's with the omission of に and の?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-26T23:56:49.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78803",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-27T04:37:33.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Parsing a sentence with の and に missing(?)",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can replace ように with よう in some situations:\n\n * When it describe a purpose (\"so that ～\") \n\n> 字幕なしで映画が見えるように勉強します。 \n> 字幕なしで映画が見えるよう勉強します。 \n> I will study so that I can watch movies without subtitles.\n\n * When it expresses a wish (\"I wish ～\", \"May ～\") \n\n> 神のご加護がありますように。 \n> 神のご加護がありますよう。 \n> May the God bless you.\n\n * When it describes the content of 頼む, 命令する, 要求する, 言う, etc. \n\n> 来るように言って。 \n> 来るよう言って。 \n> Tell him to come.\n\nThere is almost no difference, but I feel よう is slightly more literary. (I'm\nnot sure if \"formal\" is the correct word here. ように is safe in the most formal\nsettings.)\n\nYou cannot drop に when it means \"similarly to ～\", \"as ～\" or \"like ～\".\n\n * 鳥のように飛んだ。 It flew like a bird.\n * 彼のように美しい人はいない。 No one is as beautiful as him.\n * ご存じのようにこちらは冬です。 As you know, it's winter here.\n\n* * *\n\nThis 近く is an adverb on its own (my dictionary says so). 近くの経済界 would mean\n\"nearby world of economics\", which makes little sense. 多く also has a special\nadverbial usage (\"often\", \"mainly\").",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-27T00:37:05.593",
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78804
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78818",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When do we use kanji, katakana and hiragana? Which of these should I study\nfirst?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T15:15:49.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78816",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T15:34:22.830",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-27T15:34:16.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "39812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "Which of the Japanese scripts should I learn first?",
"view_count": 44
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here is an article that describes the three alphabets a bit and gives you a\nstarting point.\n\n<https://www.fluentin3months.com/japanese-alphabet/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T15:33:23.460",
"id": "78817",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T15:33:23.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39799",
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},
{
"body": "The most common method is to learn Hiragana first, and then Katakana. When you\nare comfortable with those, you can begin learning kanji.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T15:34:22.830",
"id": "78818",
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78816
|
78818
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78818
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78832",
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"body": "イギリスでは土曜日はもとより金曜の午後まで休みにしている会社 **も** ある。 Translation is:\n\n 1. In the UK, some companies are closed on Saturdays **as well as Friday** afternoons.\n\nIn the English version, 'as well as' acts on 'Friday afternoon' i.e 'as well\nas starting from friday after noon,the companies close'.\n\n 2. In the Japanese version: the word-by-word translation of the sentence looks to me like: In England, not just Saturday, but there **there are also companies where until Friday afternoon a rest is made**.\n\nFrom what i understood from the sentence, the **も** must relate between\n'Saturday' and 'Until Friday afternoon' _NOT_ '土曜日' and '金曜の午後まで休みにしている会社'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T18:14:41.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78821",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T01:51:18.327",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-27T21:39:13.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Does the も particle always act on the word just before it?",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ' ~~Until~~ Friday afternoon'\n\nThe まで used here means \"even\", not \"until\".\n\nも can mean \"even\" too, as well as \"also\". 「[relative clause]+XXもある」 is usually\ntranslated as \"There are some XXs that [relative clause]\" → \"Some XXs do...\"\n\n> ［土曜日 **はもとより** 金曜の午後 **まで** 休みにしている］会社もある。\n\nWhole 土曜日はもとより金曜の午後まで休みにしている is a relative clause that modifies 会社.\n\n「～はもとより‥まで」= \"even ‥ not just ~\" ≂「～はもちろん‥まで」「～だけでなく‥まで」「～はもちろん‥(まで)も」\n\n_lit._ \"There are also/even companies [which make **not only** Saturday **but\neven** Friday afternoon off]\" \n→ Some companies are closed even on Friday afternoons, not just Saturdays.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T01:18:44.000",
"id": "78832",
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78821
|
78832
|
78832
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "漢字を読むことはともかく、書くことは苦手だ。\n\n 1. I can't even write, let alone read Kanji.\n 2. Regardless whether i can read Kanji or not, I can't write it.\n\n**Which translation is correct, _1)_ or _2)_?**\n\nThe speaker **Confirms** their disability to 書く.\n\nIs it also confirmed that they are able to 漢字を読む or is it left **unclear**????\n\nHow can i figure out the answer from the sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T18:29:22.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78822",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T23:14:09.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-28T23:14:09.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "39768",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Can (Aともかく,B.) be always understood as (Do do you know about A? B.)?",
"view_count": 134
}
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[
{
"body": "The grammar point is `AはともかくB`, comparing two things but placing more emphasis\non the importance of B in the current discussion. In English, it can be\ntranslated as something like `Whatever about A, B is..`. So the speaker is\nmaking sure that B is what is intended to be stressed at the moment.\n\n> 漢字を読むことはともかく、書くことは苦手だ。 \n> Whatever about reading kanji, (the problem is) I'm not good at writing\n> them.\n\nSo your translated sentence #2 is accurate (although \"can't\" is perhaps too\nstrong).\n\nCheck out a more detailed explanation in the links below:\n\n * <https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8F-wa-tomokaku-meaning/>\n * <https://nihongokyoshi-net.com/2019/02/22/jlptn2-grammar-tomokakutoshite/>\n * <http://www.edewakaru.com/archives/20829461.html>",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T21:14:48.030",
"id": "78825",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T21:14:48.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "78822",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78822
| null |
78825
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Original sentence was 「オレより頭ひとつぶん低いAを立たせてやったのはいいけど...。」 where A would be\nsomeone's name.\n\nI feel like it would mean that A is shorter than the speaker or just \"lower to\nthe ground\" since they both fell recently, but then the いいけど seems strange.\nThis is the first time I've ever come across the phrase ひとつぶん which I feel\nwould mean \"one part/portion\" on it's own, but doesn't fit with 頭ひとつぶん低い.\n\nI want to translate it as the speaker helping A (who is lower than the\nspeaker?) stand up again after falling, but is the いいけど them hesitating\ninstead of going through with it?\n\nEdit: rather than hesitating, I think the いいけど is out of shock since the next\nsentence goes on to talk about how thin A really is which they only notice\nafter helping them up.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T19:17:58.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78823",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T07:13:41.823",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-27T19:44:05.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "39629",
"owner_user_id": "39629",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「オレより頭ひとつぶん低い...」？",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is translated as \"A is a head shorter than B. ～ひとつぶんの～ means \"a unit of\nmeasurement\". You may change ひとつ to other numbers. For example, 頭一つ分の高さ(the\nheight of one head), 東京ドーム3つ分の面積(the area of three Tokyo Dome).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T07:00:42.823",
"id": "78858",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T07:13:41.823",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-29T07:13:41.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "78823",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78823
| null |
78858
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that おやすみなさい means \"good night\" in Japanese and it can be shortened to\nおやすみ. What is the difference between the two?\n\nIn English there are other phrases such as \"sweet dreams\" that can be used\nwith a similar meaning. So are there any other common ways of saying \"good\nnight\" in Japanese?\n\n_Background._ I would like to get a tattoo that says goodnight because I have\ninsomnia, and I want to get a tattoo that says goodnight in Japanese. I'm not\nreally knowledgeable when it comes to Japanese but I would love to learn it in\nthe future and this might be my gateway into learning Japanese more.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T19:27:09.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78824",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T14:43:22.787",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-28T07:01:49.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "39814",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"readings",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Different ways of saying \"good night\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 4311
}
|
[
{
"body": "Just to be clear, both おやすみなさい and おやすみ are usually said to other people when\nwishing them good night. That's just something to be aware of. I'm not sure\nhow that fits in with your concept for the tattoo. If you're ok with that,\nthen it's not an issue. But I think you should do some research and hear as\nmany opinions about it as possible before going with it.\n\nIf you are deciding only between おやすみ and おやすみなさい, then I think おやすみ is better\nbecause おやすみなさい is somewhat formal. Also, おやすみ is shorter and has more impact,\nin my opinion.\n\nAs another option, how about just the kanji 夢 (yume) as an option? It means\n'dreams'. It is a kanji character, which people often think looks kinda cool.\nIt would look something like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jut9r.jpg)\n\nIt has the added benefit of the figurative meaning of 'dream' too, like you\nhave a dream that someday you will be cured.",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T21:32:06.303",
"id": "78826",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T21:46:27.837",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-27T21:46:27.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "78824",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> おやすみなさい \n> _oyasuminasai_\n\nis more or less an all-purpose way of saying \"good night\" that is formal\nenough to be used with acquaintances you do not know well, but may well be\nused with friends or family. Literally it translates to \"get some rest\", the\n〜なさい ending being a kind of imperative and お being an \"honorific\".\n\nThis phrase is often shortened to\n\n> おやすみ \n> _oyasumi_\n\nwhich is probably the most common form used among friends and family.\n\n> 良い夢を \n> _yoi yume o / ii yume o_\n\nis a phrase that can be taken to correspond to \"sweet dreams\" which can be\nused in combination with おやすみ(なさい). (良い can be read either よい _yoi_ or いい\n_ii_.)\n\nOther variations, like \"sleep tight\" are sometimes translated as ぐっすりおやすみなさい,\nbut I don't think they are actually used in real life.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T14:43:22.787",
"id": "78842",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T14:43:22.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "78824",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78824
| null |
78826
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78828",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't think I fully understand the answer in this conversation:\n\n> Q: ここにくるまおとめてもいいですか.\n\n> A: すみません, みせのまえですから.\n\nIt seems to me that the answer states that it is OK to park in front of the\nstore. But what is the role of すみません and から? If we label すみません as \"I am sorry\"\nand から as \"because\", then \"I am sorry, because you can park in front of the\nstore\" doesn't make sense. Does すみません mean something like \"I am sorry, but no\"\nin this sentence?\n\nI am also curious why the answer simply uses みせのまえです. Shouldn't it be\nsomething like みせのまえにいいです?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T21:55:07.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78827",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T22:02:03.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39455",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-から",
"permission"
],
"title": "Answering ___もいいですか with すみません, ___ ですから",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Q: ここにくるまをとめてもいいですか. Is it ok to park the car here?\n\n> A: すみません, みせのまえですから. No, sorry. Not in front of the store.\n\nすみません is used as a way to politely refuse permission in Japanese. Furthermore,\n`REASON + から` is used to explain why. In your example, the から is being used to\nexplain the reason why permission is being denied. In this case, it's because\nparking in front of the store is not allowed.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T22:02:03.523",
"id": "78828",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T22:02:03.523",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "78827",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78827
|
78828
|
78828
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "賃 has the 慣用音 reading ちん, as in 家賃{やちん}.\n\nI understand that a lot of 慣用音 readings arise from interpreting the phonetic\nwrongly (for example 消耗{しょうこう} vs 消耗{しょうもう}), but in this case how did 賃\nreceive the reading ちん?\n\nI'm having trouble seeing how it could be connected to ちん, when the 呉音 and 漢音\nare にん and じん respectively.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T22:11:26.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78829",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-03T11:36:52.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "816",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "How did 賃 get its 慣用音 reading?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "[This thesis (note: pdf will\ndownload)](https://seitoku.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=195&item_no=1&attribute_id=20&file_no=2)\nseems to give a taxonomy of 慣用音. And acutally Eiríkr Útlendi's conjecture is\ncorrect (or no other way to justify it). 賃 is categorized as an example of\n漢音の清音化 （ぢん → ちん）on p137.\n\n慣用音 means after all 'the way it is pronounced', and how they arise may not be\nunique and ultimately unkonwn.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-09-03T11:36:52.773",
"id": "90188",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-03T11:36:52.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "45489",
"parent_id": "78829",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
78829
| null |
90188
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Does な have a purpose in あの人のことが嫌い **な** わけではないが、一緒にいるとちょっと疲れる。 or is it just\na mistake?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T22:24:24.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78830",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-27T22:24:24.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-な"
],
"title": "Does な have a purpose in あの人のことが嫌い**な**わけではないが、一緒にいるとちょっと疲れる。 or is it just a mistake?",
"view_count": 57
}
|
[] |
78830
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78833",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a similar convention to using an asterisk in English to signify the\npresence of a disclaimer in Japanese? For example, in English, you might see,\n\"Order now for $19.99*\" then somewhere else on the same document, you may see,\n\"* Prices displayed are pre-tax.\"\n\nOr is it more common to place the disclaimer next to a price, such as \"Order\nnow for $19.99 (pre-tax)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-27T22:36:11.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78831",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T04:05:29.400",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-28T04:05:29.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "29327",
"owner_user_id": "39817",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Using an asterisk to indicate a disclaimer",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a common practice also in Japanese (called 脚注 \"footnotes\"). But\nJapanese people tend to use superscript [_kome-jirushi_\n(※)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_mark) instead of the asterisk.\nWhen there are many footnotes, numbered _kome-jirushi_ (※1 ※2 ...) are\nnormally used instead of the daggers († ‡). See\n[Note_(typography)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Note_\\(typography\\)).\n\n> In CJK languages, written with Chinese characters, the symbol ※ (called\n> reference mark; Japanese: komejirushi; Korean: chamgopyo) is used for notes\n> and highlighting, analogously to the asterisk in English.\n\nThat said, something short like 税抜き (\"tax excluded\") should be preferably\nshown next to the price. Saying 税抜き only on a footnote works, but looks sly to\nme.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T01:50:31.363",
"id": "78833",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T02:09:54.007",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-28T02:09:54.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "78831",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
78831
|
78833
|
78833
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to this\n[question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1895/ending-a-\nsentence-with-%E3%81%95), ending a sentence with さ is a colloquial way of to\nmake a sentence more playfully assertive. But I noticed that ね is also used to\nend a sentence and the meaning to me seems to be the same as the sentence that\nends with a さ.\n\nFor Example:\n\n> あのさ、これさ美味しいよ\n>\n> あのね、これね美味しいよ\n\nIs my understanding correct that both can mean as \"Hey/You know what, **this**\nis delicious.\" If so, then in what situation can ending a sentence with a さ or\nね be different.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T07:32:09.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78835",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-14T16:20:32.663",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-14T16:20:32.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "39821",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particles",
"colloquial-language",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "The difference between ending a sentence with さ or ね",
"view_count": 451
}
|
[
{
"body": "The key differences between the two are:\n\n * あの **さ** 、これさ美味しいよ \n**Hey, this is delicious you know. I'm telling you...** (doesn't care if the\nHearer agrees or not)\n\n * あの **ね** 、これね美味しいよ \n**Hey, this is delicious, isn't it?** (Speaker is waiting for an agreement\nfrom the Hearer)\n\nさ is a sentence-final particle used by males (and I have heard females too) in\nvery colloquial speech to express varying degrees of assertion. A reply isn't\nexpected.\n\n * Encouragement: Q：就職で来るかなあ。A:出来る **さ** 。 I wonder if I can get a job? **Sure you can.**\n * Negate Someone's Challenge: Q: 君は日本語、読めないよね。A：いや読める **さ** 。 You can't read Japanese, right? **Yeah, sure I can.**\n * Light Comment: 人生は長い旅のようなもの **さ** 。 **Life is something like a long journey.**\n * Irritation or Opposition: どうして酒をのんじゃいけないの **さ** 。 **How come I can't drink sake?**\n\nね on the other hand has different functions.\n\n * Request Confirmation from the Hearer: あなたは学生です **ね** 。 You are a student, **aren't you?** (speaker is waiting for an answer)\n * Request Agreement from the Hearer: A: 今日はいい天気です **ね** 。B:本当にそうです **ね** 。 Nice weather today, **isn't it?** Yes, isn't it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-04-14T11:39:03.047",
"id": "94110",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-14T11:39:03.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "48882",
"parent_id": "78835",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
78835
| null |
94110
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78856",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I always thought that 君 is only used by males to refer to females as 2nd\nperson. Usages:\n\n1.male -> female , 君、あなた (君 is used only in romantic situations)\n\n2.female -> male , あなた (Not possible to say 君 at all. In fact, even あなた sounds\nweird since it really means \"husband\")\n\n3.male -> male , 君、あなた\n\n4.female -> female , 君、あなた\n\nQuestion is, for #1, is the assumption right that if 君 is used, it signals\nthat the male is trying to be flirty with the female? For #2, is the\nassunption right that females will never use 君 to refer to a guy? And あなた also\nseems weird so to speak since it really means \"husband\". So how does a female\nrefer to a male apart from by the name",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T08:45:05.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78836",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-28T07:02:55.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "refering someone as 君",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is much simpler than I think you are putting it. First of all, if you are\nspeaking Japanese the best advice is to learn your partners name and use that.\nIf it is a case where you don't know their name, あなた is a fine option as it is\nthe polite way to address someone else. 君 is often used when your are talking\nto someone who is below you in some way, and it has a familiar sound to it.\nAlthough in practice you don't hear these all that often, most people refer to\neach other by name unless they are fairly close.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T06:20:06.387",
"id": "78856",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T06:20:06.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38959",
"parent_id": "78836",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
78836
|
78856
|
78856
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78839",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I encountered this sentence in an article from _NHK News web easy_ :\n\n今まで国からお金をもらうためには、旅行した人が本当に利用したことがわかる書類などを「Go Toトラベル」の事務所に出さなければなりませんでした。\n\nI cannot understand what 「 **本当に利用したことがわかる書類** 」means in this case. Ignoring\nthat part the remaining part of the sentence can be translated as: \"Up until\nnow in order to get money from the government, people who have travelled, have\nto send [ **missing part here** ] to the 「Go Toトラベル」office\".\n\nNow, I know that 利用する means \"To use\", and by inferring things, maybe, that\npart can be roughly translated as \" **the documents that do really certify\nthat they were on a trip** \", but I'm not sure and I cannot see how「\n**本当に利用したことがわかる書類** 」carries that meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T12:44:21.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78838",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T13:08:06.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38625",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Use of「ことがわかる」in this sentence",
"view_count": 1406
}
|
[
{
"body": "You might be thinking of this meaning of わかる, which is the first meaning\nyou'll find in a monolingual dictionary.\n\n> 物事の意味・価値などが理解できる \n> To be able to understand the meaning, value, etc. of something\n\nBut the second definition is the one being used here.\n\n> はっきりしなかった物事が明らかになる \n> Something that was unclear becomes clear\n\nSo, 本当に利用したことがわかる書類 is \"a document which makes it clear that [the traveler]\nreally used [whatever it is they used]\"\n\nIf you check the \"regular\" NHK News version of the article, it appears this\nphrase was NHK News Easy's way of explaining the word 宿泊証明書.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T13:08:06.873",
"id": "78839",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T13:08:06.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "78838",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
78838
|
78839
|
78839
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78846",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Some expressions can be written part kanji part hiragana.\n\nSometimes I'm not sure how many hiragana actually condense into the kanji.\n\nExample:\n\nおとうさん\n\nIs it お父さん or お父うさん ?\n\nちいさい\n\nIs it 小さい or 小いさい ?\n\nI hope you can see what I am referring to.\n\nSometimes I am not sure how many hiragana condense into the kanji.\n\nNow I know the answer to the above examples and I can easily find the correct\nkanji versions in a dictionary.\n\nI'm just curious whether Japanese people ever have this issue or not.\nSometimes writing 大おきい instead of 大きい etc.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T14:33:57.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78841",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-28T21:03:07.517",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-28T21:03:07.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"spelling",
"okurigana"
],
"title": "The ''is it included in the kanji or not'' phenomenon?",
"view_count": 486
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a very interesting question. There are certain \"classes\" of words\nwhere I don't think native speakers would have this problem at all. I doubt\nanyone would read 父 as just 「と」, or 大 as just 「お」, unless it was [being used\ncleverly in a number](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/853/78).\n\nHowever, I think when using okurigana for verbs one is more likely to be\nconfused/unsure. Sometimes it is more of a stylistic choice than confusion.\nFor example, take the word\n「[うけつけ](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%86%E3%81%91%E3%81%A4%E3%81%91)」. When\nwritten with kanji, it has four \"acceptable\" forms:\n\n * 受け付け\n * 受付け\n * 受け付\n * 受付\n\nDepending on the context where it appears, one may be preferred over the\nothers. I'd be willing to bet that in pure verb-usage, the \"correct\" form\nwould use both けs. But even I'm not positive on that.\n\nBut then there are times that can cause genuine confusion. For example, take\nthe verbs 「[[逃]{に}がす](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8C%E3%81%99)」\nand 「[[逃]{のが}す](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8C%E3%81%99)」. Though\nthey have very similar meanings, there are also [nuances of\neach](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/11930/78). But since they both end\nin 「がす」, you'd better believe that even native speakers will occasionally mix\nup their readings.\n\n(Protip: The にs — [逃]{に}げる and [逃]{に}がす — both have two-kana okurigana; the のs\n— [逃]{のが}れる and [逃]{のが}す — have the が as part of the kanji.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T18:15:28.343",
"id": "78846",
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] |
78841
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78846
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78846
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78855",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ZOOMを用いて重要な打ち合わせをすることになったが使ったことがない。\n\nSince I couldn’t comprehend this sentence I tried using couple of auto\ntranslators and this is what both gave me: “I’ve decided to use zoom for an\nimportant meeting but I don’t have any experience using it.”\n\nI was wondering where in the sentence was “making a decision” implied; and\nfrom what I gathered it has something to do with the expression “ことになった” But\nwhat exactly is the use and meaning of it? Or does it technically have another\nmeaning which in this case when translated it is turned into “planning” or\n“making the decision”?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T17:39:39.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78844",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T04:51:50.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39807",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "The meaning implied by ことになった in this sentence",
"view_count": 72
}
|
[
{
"body": "“ことになった” is Passive. In this case, you didn't decide to use zoom, rather it\nhappens that you started to use zoom. In English, we normally use active\nsentences (we are praised to do so too) but in Japanese, the passive form is\npreferred.\n\nZOOMを用いて重要な打ち合わせをすることになったが使ったことがない。 We started to use zoom for important\nmeetings, but I have never used it before. (the decision is made by the\ncompany, someone other than me) ～ことになる signifies natural development, not a\ndecision as I've decided...\n\nコロナの影響で、ほとんどの人はテレワークすることになった。 Due to Covid-19, many people started to do\ntelework.\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T04:51:50.090",
"id": "78855",
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78844
|
78855
|
78855
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78854",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a doubt regarding the use of している in cases of punctual verbs. I\ninferred it out that the difference between た form i.e. the Japanese past form\nand ている (When it is used in Perfectual Sense) it has almost (Though there are\nminor differences) the same difference as the difference in English i.e.\nSimple Past and Present Perfect.\n\n 1. Now in English, we use Present Perfect tense when we talk about life experiences that we have experienced E.g. I have graduated, I have gone to Tokyo 3 times etc. So, my question is, do we as well use it in Japanese to tell life experiences, when we use punctual verbs i.e. Do we use ている in the verb when we use the punctual verbs or do we use た (Past form)? This query of mine arose when I read people using 私は卒業した rather than 私は卒業している, because after referring to English ている should have been used and not た, as no specific time is mentioned.\n\n 2. I also had a doubt regarding using ている for highlighting travelling experiences and residing experience like I have gone to Tokyo 3 times, does ている being used here highlight the experience of travelling in a perfectual sense? Because I still find 東京に三行っている as I have gone to Tokyo 3 times (and I am still there) If I think about in Japanese, rather than telling an experience? However it is to be noted that, if we don't emphasize on the experience part of it. I have gone to Tokyo would imply in English, the same way it does in Japanese i.e. I have gone to Tokyo and I am still there. That is why I am unable to understand, whether talking travelling and residing experience in case of Japanese is also the same or should we prefer to the Past form.\n\nThank You 教えてください。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T17:46:55.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78845",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T04:34:04.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"past",
"comparative-linguistics"
],
"title": "Usage of している in cases of talking about experience",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "When the Japanese learn English, they find the tenses hard to grasp. We have\nmore verbal tenses than Japanese. This is the first point.\n\n1)Japanese is quite simple because there really are present (+ present\nongoing) and Past. 卒業is an event. So when you talk about life experience\n(assume it already happened), you use Past tense. 卒業している sounds unnatural.\n卒業式が行われています。 If you are in the ceremony, use the present ongoing but make the\nceremony as your subject.\n\n2)東京に三回行きました。This is the most usual and correct form when you refer to a\ntravelling experience. If you live here, it is 東京に住んでいます。\n\nIn conversations, I do hear (and I use it too) 〇〇には3回ぐらい行っているよ but usually,\nthe connotation is that I may go there again since I have been there 3 times.\nAND I am not in that place. If you live in the place and have gone to the\nplace 3 times before you moved in, It should be （引っ越す前に）三回ぐらい来たことがある。\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T04:34:04.770",
"id": "78854",
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78845
|
78854
|
78854
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just started learning Japanese and I came across the particle \"の\", I\nunderstand that it is used between two nouns but I didn't really understand if\nyou can use it only once in a phrase or if you use it between every two nouns.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T18:18:33.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78847",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T04:22:10.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39829",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "When and how to use \"の\" correctly?",
"view_count": 702
}
|
[
{
"body": "The Japanese の particle is similar to the possessive “s” in English. Unlike in\nformal English, it’s acceptable to string a chain の between subsequent nouns.\nSo yes, it can be used more than once in a phrase.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T00:05:35.283",
"id": "78852",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T00:05:35.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34142",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "@Ragaroni's answer is very correct. In general のconnects, two words and show\nwhat/who possesses what. However, when you write Japanese (in the future), do\nnot use it too much because it doesn't look nice, the same reason we should\nnot abuse \"and\" in English.\n\nThis is not a grammar suggestion but literature advice, rather.\n\nHope it helps too! =)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T04:22:10.283",
"id": "78853",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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78847
| null |
78852
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78881",
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"body": "I'd like to confirm if the 後に in\n\n> 研究員たちが後に続くと、博士は笑みを浮かべた。\n\nis referring to sometime later. In other words, if the sentence can be\ntranslated as\n\n> When the researchers followed later on, the Professor showed a smile on its\n> face.\n\nAdditionally, what is the function of に in this case? I don't think it's a\ntemporal marker since relative time expressions (e.g. 明日, 今日...) do not take\nに. My guess is that 後に is an adverb modifying 続く, but I'd like to check.\n\nFinally, this was taken from a Pokemon light novel. For context, a group of\nresearchers has found a lithograph inside some ruins and are discussing the\nengraving. With this in mind, I'm also wondering if this 続く could refer to\ntheir talk instead.\n\nI've included the excerpt below:\n\n> ジャングルの中で博士たちを見ていた、ピンク色のポケモン。 \n> 「ミュウです」 \n> 発掘隊員が石版を指すと、博士は感嘆の表情を浮かべた。 \n> 「神秘の力を持ち、大洪水を引き起こしたとか••••••荒地に作物を実らせ、人々に分け与えたとか••••••」 \n> 「天使か悪魔か」 \n> 「気まぐれなだけか」 \n> 研究員たちが後に続くと、博士は笑みを浮かべた。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T20:00:25.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78848",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-30T05:18:55.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Meaning of 後に in 研究員たちが後に続くと、博士は笑みを浮かべた。",
"view_count": 71
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 研究員たちが後に続いた means \"The researchers followed ( _by saying_\n天使か悪魔か/気まぐれなだけか)\" or \"The researchers continued the doctor's statement\" in\nthis context. This 後 refers to the end of the 博士's statement (神秘の力を...).\n\nThis に is merely a particle commonly used with 続く. Unlike _follow_ in English,\n続く is intransitive and you need に instead of を (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/72206/5010) for similar examples).\n\n> 春 **に** 続いて夏がやってきた。 \n> Summer has come following spring.\n\n\"Later on\" is 後で. See: [に vs で again: 前に vs\n後で](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2201/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-30T05:18:55.113",
"id": "78881",
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78848
|
78881
|
78881
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "私は学校へわずかに二ヶ月しか行っていません。 Translation was:\n\n 1. I only went to school for barely 2 months.\n\nMy understanding of the sentence was: 2)[I _don't/didn't go_ to school for\n**barely 2 months only** ].\n\nWhy would 1) be correct and 2) wrong?\n\n3)If the sentnece were: 私は学校へわずかに二ヶ月 ~~しか~~ 行っていません。would the translation be\n[I _don't/didn't go_ to school for barely 2 months ~~only~~.] or would it keep\nbeing [I ~~only~~ went to school for barely 2 months]\n\nMy second question is: _What are the cases when 行っていません expresses the past\nrather than the present?_",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T22:23:34.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78850",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T09:52:00.483",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-28T22:41:34.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "39768",
"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"て-form",
"tense",
"particle-しか"
],
"title": "Do わずかに and しか alter the negation of negative verb to make the meaning positive?+Cases when 行っていません expresses the past?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "Not `わずかに`, but `しか` does get a negative verb at the end while maintaining a\npositive meaning.\n\nThere is a pattern: **しか＋ないverb** meaning \"only something\" (positive\nsentence). eg:\n\n> この学校で田中さんしか知らないです。- I only know Tanaka-san in this school.\n\n> 朝ごはんは、トーストしか食べなかったんですよ。- I only had a toast for breakfast. [For further\n> reference.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12594/whats-the-\n> difference-\n> between-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-and-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\n\nSo if we breakdown the sentence\n\n> 私は学校へわずかに二ヶ月しか行っていません\n\n学校へ is taking the verb 行っていません, but since it is inside the aforeamentioned\n\"しかない pattern\", it becomes only go / only went. わずかに purpose here is to only\nserve as an adverb for the verb 行く. Therefore:\n\n> I only went to school for barely two months.\n\n3 - Yes, it would mean something like \"I did not go to school for barely two\nmonths\" / \"I haven't been to school for barely two months\"\n\nAbout your ~~forth~~ second question: It can mean that when you haven't done\nsomething in the past, but it is always in the negative tense, and you gotta\nbe careful to not mistake it with `ことはない pattern`.\n\nI made the same question some years ago, and the answer was something like\nthis:\n\n> 見てない also has the meaning \"Someone doesn't(has not) see(seen) something \",\n> but the nuance of \"ever\" is less. [See the full\n> answer.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52901/16104)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T07:59:33.787",
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78850
| null |
78859
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78861",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following exchange happens in a manga:\n\n> A: お前の言う事を私に...信じろと?\n\n> B: 貴様の自由だ。俺も立場を危ぶめている.\n\nI know the word 危ぶむ but couldn't find dictionary entries for 危ぶめる. I\nconsidered the possibility that it's just the potential form of 危ぶむ but it\ndoesn't seem to fit in the context. Is 危ぶめる just a nonstandard equivalent of\n危ぶむ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-28T22:54:54.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78851",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T17:03:31.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-29T17:03:31.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "39007",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Meaning of 危ぶめる",
"view_count": 160
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you're right that it's not the potential form of the godan verb 危ぶむ.\nHowever, the verb 危ぶむ has two forms (from\n[大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8D%B1%E3%81%B6%E3%82%80)):\n\n```\n\n 一（ 動マ五［四］ ）(godan/yodan)\n .....\n 二（ 動マ下二 ）(shimo nidan)\n 危ない状態にする。 「国家を－・めんとする物／平家 5」\n \n```\n\nIn particular, the second definition is a shimo nidan verb, which is related\nto the modern-day ichidan verb. We can look\n[here](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8)\nfor how a shimo nidan verb is conjugated:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vcfpH.png)\n\nている attaches to a verb's 連用形 form, which for this shimo nidan verb would be\n危ぶめ. Thus, we would get 危ぶめている, which is the word you saw in your sentence.\nThe word in your sentence comes from definition 2 above.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T09:45:57.950",
"id": "78861",
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}
] |
78851
|
78861
|
78861
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "78860",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When talking to Japanese people they tend to use 一緒 when describing things\nthat are the same. I have always thought that 同じ should be used when\ndescribing things that are the same.\n\nIs 一緒 just an informal way of 同じ or there is more to it?\n\nFor example:\n\n> それはこの意味と **一緒** ですよね。That has **the same** meaning as this, doesn't it?\n\n> 私たちはお休みの日が **一緒** ですね。Our days off are **the same**.\n\n> 花子と私は去年 **一緒** のクラスにいました。Hanako and I were in **the same** class last year.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T06:33:48.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78857",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-29T09:11:10.753",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-29T07:27:30.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "39821",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "When 一緒 means \"the same\", is there a difference in usage between 一緒 and 同じ?",
"view_count": 713
}
|
[
{
"body": "There's a very interesting article on exactly this topic. My explanation below\nis a brief summary of said article.\n\n * [https://okurukotoba.tokyo/archives/4120#:~:text=%E6%9C%80%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AB%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8,%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82](https://okurukotoba.tokyo/archives/4120#:%7E:text=%E6%9C%80%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AB%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8,%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82)\n\n同じ has two meanings:\n\n * (Meaning 1) Among **two or more** things, a specific aspect is seen to be equal. For example, 「AとBは **同じ** 大きさだ」.\n * (Meaning 2) **One** thing only is referred to as being the same. For example, 「毎日 **同じ** 靴を履いて外出する」.\n\n**一緒 can be used interchangeably for Meaning (1) above, but not for Meaning\n(2).** \nAll your sentences are examples of Meaning 1, wherein two things are compared\nand found to have an equal aspect (That+This, Same meaning/Me+You, Same day\noff/Hanako+Me, Same class).\n\nFor Meaning (1) you can have sentences like 「あなたの映画の好みは、私と **一緒** だ」 or\n「あなたの映画の好みは、私と **同じ** だ」. However, 一緒 has additional usages which\ndifferentiate it from 同じ. For example, it is used to mean 'doing the same\nthing', referring to actions or behaviour. Sentences which use 一緒に including\nother people use that meaning (一緒に映画に行きませんか？). It can also be used to indicate\nthat two events happen at the same time (クリスマスと誕生日を一緒にお祝いする), or putting\nthings together (袋に一緒に入れる). For these additional meanings, 同じ cannot be used\ninterchangeably, only for Meaning (1).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T09:11:10.753",
"id": "78860",
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"body": "In a recent article\n[仕事で外国に行く前にＰＣＲ検査の予約ができるようにする](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012535641000/k10012535641000.html)\nfrom NHK Easy Japanese I found this sentence, (which I give here in a bit\nabbreviated form):\n\n```\n\n [...]着いてからしばらくの間、決まった場所にいる代わりに、PCR検査で[...]ウイルスがうつっていないことを証明する必要があります。\n \n```\n\nI believe the sentence could be translated roughly as\n\n```\n\n \"It's necessary to verify with a PCR test that the virus didn't hit INSTEAD of testing after arriving at the respective locations.\" \n \n```\n\nBut I have trouble to fully understand this sentence, because I do not know\nwhere the いる from 決まった場所にいる代わりに is connecting to.\n\nThanks a lot!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T14:33:30.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78863",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-29T17:52:31.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"parsing",
"attributive"
],
"title": "Problem with understanding the action of いる in 決まった場所にいる代わりに",
"view_count": 80
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[
{
"body": "Looking just at the first part:\n\n> 着いてからしばらくの間、決まった場所にいる代わりに、\n\nLet's break it down word by word and then reconstitute it.\n\n## The pieces\n\n> 着【つ】いて\n\n**Verb:** 着【つ】く ( _tsuku_ , \"to arrive\") in the conjunctive ～て conjugation.\n\n> から\n\n**Particle:** \"because; from\". Following a verb in the conjunctive ～て\nconjugation, this means \"after `[VERB]`ing,...\"\n\n> しばらく\n\n**Noun:** \"a while\". Strictly speaking, this word is an adverb, but it appears\nto be lexicalizing (becoming a different kind of word) in some contexts as a\nnoun, perhaps similar to how 近【ちか】く has shifted in some contexts from the\nadverbial form 近【ちか】く ( _chikaku_ , \"nearly, closely, in a nearby manner\") of\nadjective 近【ちか】い ( _chikai_ , \"near, nearby\") to become noun 近【ちか】く (\n_chikaku_ , \"the nearby area\").\n\n> の\n\n**Particle:** possessive, also used to allow one noun to modify a following\nnoun.\n\n> 間【あいだ】\n\n**Noun:** \"space between; time span\"\n\n> 決【き】まった\n\n**Verb:** 決【き】まる ( _kimaru_ , \"to be decided, to be determined\") in the past-\ntense or completed-aspect ～た conjugation.\n\n> 場所【ばしょ】\n\n**Noun:** \"place\"\n\n> に\n\n**Particle:** locative, \"in, at\"\n\n> いる\n\n**Verb:** plain or dictionary form of the verb 居【い】る ( _iru_ , \"to be\" for\nanimate nouns). For grammar geeks, this is technically here the 連体形 (\n_rentaikei_ ) or \"attributive form\" used to modify a following noun, identical\nin modern Japanese to the 終止形 ( _shūshikei_ , \"terminal or conclusive form\"),\na.k.a. \"dictionary form\".\n\n> 代【か】わり\n\n**Noun:** \"stead; replacement\". Derived as the 連用形 ( _ren'yōkei_ ,\n\"continuative form\", sometimes also called the \"stem form\" or \"gerundive\" in\nEnglish materials) of the verb 代【か】わる ( _kawaru_ , \"to be a replacement for\nsomething, to take the place of something, to stand in something's stead\")\n\n> に\n\n**Particle:** locative, \"in, at\"\n\n## The pieces put together\n\n> [着いて]{arriving }[から]{after }[しばらく]{while }[の]{'s }[間]{span of time\n> }、[決まった]{determined }[場所]{place }[に]{in }[いる]{be }[代わり]{stead }[に]{in}、 \n> ↑ \n> for a while after arriving, instead of being in the determined place,\n\n## The initial question again\n\nAs stated in the question header, you were having a\n\n> Problem understanding the action of いる in 決【き】まった場所【ばしょ】にいる代【か】わりに\n\nSimply speaking, the いる is just the verb \"to be\" for animate subjects.\n\n> いる\n\n * \"to be\" (for a person or animal)\n\n> 場所【ばしょ】に **いる**\n\n * Someone **is** in a place\n\n> 決【き】まった場所【ばしょ】に **いる**\n\n * Someone **is** in a previously decided place\n\n> 決【き】まった場所【ばしょ】に **いる** 代【か】わりに\n\n * Instead of someone **being** in a previously decided place\n\nFurther down, you also state,\n\n> But I have trouble to fully understand this sentence, because I do not know\n> where the いる from 決まった場所にいる代わりに is connecting to.\n\nI'm not sure I know what you mean by \"connecting\", so I'll try answering both\nof the possible interpretations I can think of. :)\n\n * Looking earlier in the sentence: \nThe verb いる here is again just \"to be\". The subject of the verb is unclear\nform your sample, but from what little text we have, I can say that it's most\nlikely the same subject as the verb 着【つ】く earlier in the sentence. So whoever\nit is that's \"arriving\" is the same one who is \"being\".\n\n * Looking later in the sentence: \nThis verb is used to modify the noun 代わり. 代わりに is used as a kind of set phrase\nmeaning \"instead of\", similar to how the English \"instead\" derives from the\npreposition \"in\" and the noun \"stead\" (meaning \"place\" or \"position\", as in,\n\"in someone's or something's place\"). When translating into English, the\ngrammar is different, so rather than the plain form of \"to be\", we have to use\nthe gerund form \"being\". See **The pieces put together** above for one\npossible translation.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-29T17:52:01.673",
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"body": "Towards the end of chapter 10 of Akutagawa's _Hell Screen_ ,\n\n>\n> その度にばさ／＼と、凄じく翼を鳴すのが、落葉の匂だか、滝の水沫とも或は又猿酒の饐ゑたいきれだか何やら怪しげなものゝけはひを誘つて、気味の悪さと云つたらございません。\n>\n> [Source](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000879/files/60_15129.html)\n\nwhich translated to\n\n> The flattering of wings is compared to the smell of fallen leaves, the\n> splashing of a waterfall, saruzake, [...]\n\nIs it a reference to something in the culture? Why would the flapping of wings\nbe compared to the smell of fallen leaves, or why that smell of fallen leaves\nis creepy in the first place? I can't make head or tail of this.\n\nCan it be simplified (cutting out the middle part) to\n\n> 翼を鳴すのが ... 気味の悪さと云つたらございません。\n>\n> The flapping of wings was ... so grotesque it was almost indescribable?\n\nIt's the only sentence in the novel that really stumped me and the reading\ngroup so far, would appreciate the help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-29T14:44:43.383",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"culture",
"literature"
],
"title": "Trying to make sense of a sentence in Akutagawa's \"Hell Screen\"",
"view_count": 144
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[
{
"body": "Yes, I think so. The structure is that \"The flapping of wings was so creepy\nbecause it induced the smell of fallen leaves and the signs of strange\ncreatures like the splashing of a waterfall or ～\".\n\nAs for the smell of fallen leaves, I think that it doesn't have cultural\nbackground but just Akutagawa's sense.",
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"creation_date": "2020-07-29T15:53:35.017",
"id": "78866",
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"body": "First, I don't think \"grotesque\" is a particularly accurate translation of\n気味の悪[い]. \"Creepy\" is much closer and would be fine in some contexts; here, a\nless colloquial alternative like \"uncanny,\" \"disturbing,\" or \"sinister\" would\nbe better.\n\nSecond, nothing in this passage _compares_ the flapping of the owl's wings to\nthe smell of fallen leaves or says that 落葉の匂 itself is creepy. Rather, as you\nseem to have recognized, the phrase 気味の悪さと云ったらございません refers to the violent\nflapping of the owl's wings each time it attacks. This flapping produces an\nindefinable but unsettling sensation that changes the room's atmosphere; it\nmight be the scent of fallen leaves, or it might be the feeling of spray from\na waterfall, or of hot, damp air infused with the sour odor given off by a\nmonkey's stash of fermenting fruit. Whatever the sensation is, it's profoundly\nout of place, because what all these things have in common is that one would\nnot normally encounter them in an artist's studio, but out in the wilderness –\nwhich is to say, in the owl's natural habitat. And sure enough, the\nparagraph's final sentence (which you haven't included in your quotation)\ntells us that the apprentice later said that at the time of the attack \"it\nseemed to him that even the dim glow of the oil lamp was the faint light of\nthe moon shining through the haze, and he felt as frightened as if the\nartist's studio had been some forbidding hollow in the depths of the\nmountains\"\n(さう云へばその弟子も、うす暗い油火の光さへ朧げな月明りかと思はれて、師匠の部屋がその儘遠い山奥の、妖気に閉された谷のやうな、心細い気がしたとか申したさうでございます).\n\nSo there's nothing inherently \"creepy\" about the smell of fallen leaves (or\nthe spray of a waterfall, etc.), either \"in the culture\" or in Akutagawa's own\nsensibility. Rather, what is disturbing is the way the owl's attack evokes a\ndesolate wilderness, effectively transforming the artist's studio – which\nought to be a place of culture and safety – into a place of savagery and\ndanger.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-08-02T21:39:57.210",
"id": "79930",
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"body": "**Edit:**\n\n> 新築の家を買った。今週を限りにこのマンション **とも** お別れだ。\n\nAccording to a thankfully posted comment, I realized that\n新築の家を買った。今週を限りにこのマンション **と ~~も~~** お別れだ。seems to be sufficient and も adds the\nsense of 'also'.\n\nHow was that 'sense' expected to be added?....How was it figured out that it's\na suitable time to add the sense of も to the sentence?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T15:11:31.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78865",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What does adding 'も=also' have to do when と alone seems to convey the complete meaning perfectly?",
"view_count": 75
}
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[] |
78865
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "78869",
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"body": "どの seems to be most frequently glossed as “which (X)”. And I understand that\nくらい has the sense of “approximately”. But when I read\n\n> ここからホテルまでどのくらいかかりますか,\n\nrather than “about which”, どのくらい has the sense of something like “about how\nfar”. どの seems to be covering a lot of semantic ground.\n\nAm I confronting 2 different words?\n\nIs there a more-encompassing way of understanding どの ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-29T16:56:18.403",
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"id": "78867",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "newbie trying to understand どの and くらい in the phrase どのくらい",
"view_count": 232
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[
{
"body": "The ど in どの is actually part of the so-called ko-so-a-do (こそあど) group of\nwords, known as [demonstratives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative).\nThey connect with other morphemes to make words such as これ・それ・あれ・どれ,\nここ・そこ・あそこ・どこ, and also your example, この・その・あの・どの, among others. The ど is the\ninterrogative of the group, always asking a question like 'which', 'where',\netc.\n\nどの on its own means 'which (of more than two)'. It can be combined with other\nwords to express various things. In your example, どのくらい means 'how much' (the\nliteral meaning would be something like 'which extent').\n\n[Have a look at this article](https://bit.ly/3083p6i) for some more info (in\nJapanese).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-29T17:38:54.593",
"id": "78869",
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"body": "1. 最新技術をもってすればその開発 **も** 難しくないだろう。\n 2. 最新技術をもってすればその開発 **が** 難しくないだろう。\n\nSince 2) is a complete sentence and doesn't need any more context to\nperfectly/accurately understand it(i think). Can 1) also be considered a\ncomplete sentence which doesn't need any more context to\nperfectly/precisely/accurately understand it?\n\nIf **YES** , What nuance does も add instead of が?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-29T17:28:51.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "78868",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-29T20:12:40.873",
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"owner_user_id": "39768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What nuance does も add instead of が?",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "Sorry if my format for an answer is incorrect.\n\nBoth can be considered a complete sentence.\n\n(1) implies that development is already in progress, and having the new tech\nwill probably make the originally difficult development no longer difficult.\n(2) only says that development will probably not be difficult with the new\ntech, with no indication that the development has started yet.",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-30T04:43:51.263",
"id": "78878",
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"body": "1. Answer to the first question has been given by ナルトさん. But any new answers or thoughts or suggestions are really appreciated!!\n\n 2. Answer to the second question can be extended, as only a touchstone was laid down by ナルトさん, and this is a limitless answer, so anyone is free to give their opinion.\n\n 3. I have tried to give answer to question #3 based on ナルトさん's reasoning but I am not sure about it. So, this question requires more in-depth answers.\n\nUsing ている has been tricky for me. I have always stumbled upon, as when to use\nている form and when to use た/だ form (Past) in cases of Punctual Verbs. So, in\norder to get a better understanding I revisited my English grammar book, to\nsee the difference between Simple Past and Present Perfect. Over there I found\na few rules that were to be followed, to distinguish, between Present Perfect\nand Past. Following are the rules that were laid down:\n\n> English Grammar Principles for usage of Present Perfect and Simple Past\n\n(Please note I would be using only those verbs that are Punctual Verbs in\nJapanese)\n\n 1. Where time is used or the focus is on the time, use Simple Past E.g. I turned on the light at 8. Whereas, if time (whether known or not, is immaterial) is not used then we use Present Perfect. E.g. I have turned on the light. As Simple past (In English) focuses on the point of time a thing/act happened.\n\n 2. When you tell about life experience and travelling experiences, use Present Perfect. E.g. I have graduated and I have been to NY 3 Times.([This part has already been answered by @The Japan Nomad Girl](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/78845/usage-of-%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-in-cases-of-talking-about-experience))\n\n 3. Time when in essence has not been completed, like this week, this year etc. (however usage of last week or likewise vocabulary would make time in essence complete and would make the sentence Simple Past). E.g. I have worn new shirts this week.\n\n 4. When the Action has been performed in the Past, but the focus is in present, then we use Present Perfect E.g. I have lost my bag (Focus on Present). Whereas, when focus is in the past, use Past. E.g. I lost my bag (Focus on Past).\n\n 5. When we talk about travelling/residing action. In case, if we imply that I am still there or still in the place of travel then we use Present Perfect. Whereas, we use Simple past, though it would state that I went/resided/etc. It won't mean that I am still there. This is same in Japanese as well, like 行っている and 住んでいる. This last point does not need an answer.\n\n* * *\n\nQ1. Do the Punctual Japanese Verb (Please note I am only concerned with\nPunctual Japanese Verbs) also apply the above English Grammar principles for\ndifferentiating the use between ている (present perfect) and た/だ(Past). That is\nto say, whether the Punctual Japanese Verb are used identically in the above\nreferred cases.\n\nE.gs. Point 1: Will 私は明かりをつけている (Present Perfect) be used as time has not been\nmentioned and 私は8時に明かりをつけた (Past) be used as time has been mentioned\n\nPoint 3: Will 私は今週新しいシャツを3枚着ている (present perfect) be used as the week has not\nended, and 私は今週新しいシャツを3枚着た (Past) be used as week ended.\n\nPoint 4: Will 私はバッグを紛失している (Present perfect) be used when we Focus in the\npresent. Whereas, 私はバッグを紛失している (Past) be used when the focus is in Past.\n\nQ2. Are there any other ways to differentiate between the ている (present\nperfect) form and た (past) form when we talk about Japanese Punctual Verbs?\n\nQ3. Could anyone highlight the difference (also the difference in nuance)\nbetween ている (present perfect) form and た (past form) in cases of Punctual\nVerb!? (I have been literally struggling to differentiate between Punctual\nVerbs ている form (Present Perfect) and た (Past) for over 1 month and my Japanese\nLanguage learning has come to a halt for past 1 month, as I am not able to\ndifferentiate between the both)\n\nPlease Note:\n\nThere are other posts but the difference highlighted is mostly pertaining to\nDurative Verbs and Not Punctual Verbs, and where the concept of Punctual Verb\nis highlighted, it is not dealt thoroughly and it creates lot of confusion.\nSo, an answer to this question might give clarity upon the individual concept\nof Punctual Verbs' ている and た forms, and would also highlight the difference in\nPresent Perfect form in Japanese and Present Perfect Form in English.\nFollowing are some links which though has dealt this issue but has focused\nmore on Durative Verbs than Punctual Verbs:\n\n 1. [Is 寝る a stative or active verb?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57193/is-%e5%af%9d%e3%82%8b-a-stative-or-active-verb)\n 2. [Is there a distinction between ‘did\" and \"have done\" in Japanese?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/63352/is-there-a-distinction-between-did-and-have-done-in-japanese/63358#63358)\n 3. [When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of state?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3122/when-is-v%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b-the-continuation-of-action-and-when-is-it-the-continuation-of-state?noredirect=1&lq=1)\n 4. [Why is a verb in the past (た形) contradicted with ～ていない?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42242/why-is-a-verb-in-the-past-%e3%81%9f%e5%bd%a2-contradicted-with-%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84/42343#comment129100_42343)",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Usage of ている in Punctual Verbs in Japanese and the Concept of Present Perfect in English",
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[
{
"body": "I understand this is difficult. As an English learner, I read the _English_\ngrammar rules you cited more than 20 years ago, and I still often wonder how\nto correctly use the past tense and the present perfect in English :) This\ntakes a very long time, so don't let this halt your studying of Japanese. The\ngood news is た and ている are often interchangeable, as shown below.\n\nEnglish present perfect and Japanese ている are different in several ways.\n\n> Where time is used or the focus is on the time, use Simple Past\n\nThis is not true in Japanese. We can safely say 昨日は23時に寝ているよ as a response to\n\"You look sleepy\". This is related to the bullet 4; the action was performed\nin the past, but the focus is in present (i.e., why I look sleepy _now_ ).\n\n> When you tell about life experience and travelling experiences, use Present\n> Perfect.\n\nThis is true in English, but Japanese has a dedicated construction for this\n(～たことがある). For example \"Have you (ever) seen fireworks?\" is\n(今までに)花火を見たことがありますか. ( **EDIT** : You can still say 今までに3回花火を見ている describing\nyour past experience, but ～たことがある is more common, and ～ている sounds like this\nfact is relevant in the current situation.)\n\n> 今週新しいシャツを3枚着ている vs 今週新しいシャツを3枚着た\n\nThe former is said in the following situations:\n\n 1. when you're still in the middle of the week and you'll probably wear more shirts until the week ends\n 2. when the week already ended but this fact is somehow closely related to something in present\n\nThe second one is tricky. Although you have said [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42242/5010) is irrelevant, I\nthink this one is closely related to your concern. In particular, please read\nthe survey result in the PDF file I introduced (it's in Japanese, so please\nread the survey on pages 4 and 5). ている/た are often interchangeable and the\ndistinction is closely related to the speaker's mood, or how much this fact is\nrelated to the current situation. [This\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11925/5010) about the \"habitual\naspect\" is closely related, too (\"it's **how close you are feeling the action\nis** on your mind.\").",
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"body": "Answer to the 3rd Ques, all thanks to firstly God and then\n[@naruto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/5010/naruto) さん. I was\nstuck with it for 1 month (and only focused on how to use ている and nothing\nelse). So, I wrote it immediately (I.e. as soon as I comprehend naruto さん's\nanswer. So please don't mind grammatical errors and repetitions. I did not\nfare it out, it is a raw thought only\n\nAnswer:\n\n神様さまとナルトさん, 本当にありがとうございます!!!! I finally understood, the concept. You are\nabsolutely amazing !!! Let me explain, how I understood it. See, in case of\nPunctual Verbs, it is obvious either the thing is done or not done. And as\nonce a thing is done, instantly no time exist between (so it can be either\nwill do (future) or done (past). This thing was clear till this moment. Now,\nwhat you made me think , about the concept is the part of focus. Now, since\npuntual verbs are either done or will do state, once they are done it means\nthat action is done (past) so it cannot be in present at all. So, if a ques\narises that makes a focuses on the present, about an act that is done in the\npast, ている has to be used. Now one might ask why? The reason is since punctual\nverbs are either done or will do state, as no present state exists i.e. even\nin case an action is performed and if we aspectually do a punctual act in\npresent like turn on the light, it would technically be a past, as the turning\non the light is technically done (as there is no time gap between on and off).\nSo now to overcome with this difficulty, I assume Japanese came up with ている.\nSo as to focus on the present aspect of the aspectual punctual act which\ntechnically was done in the past. That is to say, we use ている in case where we\nwant to focus not on the past, because たwould create a confusion, but on the\npresent aspect about it. I'll tell you an example, if one asks when did you\nturn on the light? The answer would be in た form because the focus of the\nquestion, if you think carefully, is on the past aspect (like when did he in\nthe past. Whereas, if one asks a question, why can I see the TV turned on, the\nfocus of the question when you think deeply on the present aspect of the thing\nthat was already completed, so here ている would be used (i.e. answer would be\nbecause I have turned it on)\n\nFurther, there are different YouTube videos, pages, blogs etc etc. If you also\ngo through them, they will mostly tell you the secondary aspect about it (I.e.\nている is used when talking about the state of the object that hasn't been\nchanged, talking about what are you seeing right now etc.) All of these uses,\n**as per me (i.e. I THINK and am not 100% sure)** is some sort of hint as to\nwhen the focus is on the present and not the basis, and as per me (not 100%\nsure) the grundnorm i.e. the focus of the question or statement on the present\naspect of a thing that has been done in the past.\n\nI am really not 100% sure, I tried different books to check if my reasoning\nworks or not and it has worked.\n\nPlease correct me if I am wrong or lacking !!! I posted it to help beginners\nlike me to grasp the difference in nuance between ている and た.\n\nAnother example\n\nWhere did you put your bag, here since the focus of ques is on the past, た\nwould be used. e.g. I put it in the library (私は図書館の机に置いた). Where is your bag?,\nin this ques, if we use similar circumstance that we put it somewhere, here we\nwould however use ている (私は図書館の机に置いている), as the focus of your ques is in present\n(i.e. where is it?)",
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"body": "This is a little hard to understand for beginners but ill try my best to\nexplain.\n\nverb + ‐た-form @ JLPT N5 level. た‐from is considered past tense mostly, but\ndepending on the pattern and placement of た‐form in a sentence it may change.\n\n毎日勉強した方がいい = You should(or its better to) study every day (‐た form + 方がいい is\nN4 level pattern.)\n\nif ‐た/‐なかった form is = Ⅴました/Ⅴませんでした form and placed at the end of a sentence,\nit means the verb has already happened or didn't in the past.\n\n食べましたか Have you eaten？\n\n-はい、食べました Yes I already ate\n\n-8時に食べました I ate at 8 o'clock\n\n-今朝ごはんを食べました I had breakfast this morning\n\nいいえ, まだ食べませんでした No, I haven't eaten yet. まだ changes the meaning from didn't\neat to haven't eaten yet.\n\n**ている｜ています** - The meaning of this pattern is broader than (Present perfect\ntense). you can say _present perfect tense_ is a subset of **ている｜ています** form\nand is difficult for non-native speakers to understand(at first).\n\nV + て form + いる/います. V + て form means **present form**. and **いる/います means\nexistence.**\n\n**Vている｜Vています** means present (state/situation/condition) of something. Lets\nsee following examples.\n\n雨が降っています: It's raining. (Lets's Learn it as the current state of rain is, that\nit's falling.)\n\nいまご飯を食べています：I am eating food/rice right now. (again lets Lets's Learn it as,\npresent situation of me is that I'm eating.)\n\nNow let's raise the difficulty level and answer your first question. (Level\nN4, you must know the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs and\ntheir usage in the Japanese language.\n\n窓が割れています: Window is broken. (Although the window was broken in the past at\nsome point. But the current (state/situation/condition) of the window is that\nit is broken).\n\n私は明かりをつけている (The current state of me is I am turning on the light) Transitive\nverb.\n\n私は8時に明かりをつけた. I turned on the light at 8. (past tense transitive verb.)\n\n明かりがついている。（The current state of light is it is ON）. ついている is an intransitive\nform of つけている.\n\nWe do not call \"punctual verbs\" in Japanese, but different time related\nlanguage patterns + different verb forms sentences that can make things clear\nat a granular level.\n\nDifficulty level N4 N3 ~ tokorodesu - Just\n\n試合は始まるところです. The match is about to begin.\n\n試合は終わったところです. (Just now)The match is over.\n\n故障の原因が分かりましたか。Do you know the reason for the breakdown.\n\n。。。。いいえ、今 _調べている_ **ところ** です。No, We are just checking right now.\n\n**～あいだ ～あいだに (During, The whole time) ~ something happened/happening in a\ncontinuous state. Parallel Actions**\n\nVerbている or Nounの + ～あいだ ～あいだに, + another action in a continuous state.\n\n**私は今週の間、新しいシャツを3枚着た。I wore 3 new shirts this whole week.**\n\n**私は今週の間、新しいシャツを3枚着っている。I'm wearing three new shirts this whole week**\n\n**Now Point 4**\n\n私はバッグを紛失している (although grammatically correct but it means you are losing your\nbag) transitive verb\n\n私はバッグが紛失している (I just replace を with が now the focus is not me but the bag.\nThis sentence is now intransitive, which means the current\n(state/situation/condition) of my bag is \"lost\".)\n\n私はバッグを紛失した I lost my bag (at some point in the past at some place).\n\nFollowing are more time related patterns that you can use at granular level.\n\n**VときForm** When ～ Verb （N5 level）\n\n**うちにForm** While （N3 Level. A little Similar to あいだ pattern.）\n\n**Ⅴた＋らForm** If（Something happens/happened）(N5 Level)\n\n**Vて＋もForm** Even if (This happens/happened) (N5 Level)",
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"creation_date": "2020-08-06T21:00:08.067",
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"body": "If\n\n> あの子どもは、それを口に **入れる** や、吐き出した\n\nis correct, is\n\n> あの子どもは、それを口に **入れた** や、吐き出した\n\nalso correct? If yes, has the meaning changed at all?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-07-29T20:25:10.210",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-07-29T22:17:16.343",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"conjugations",
"past"
],
"title": "When a verb in the present expresses the past, is it CORRECT to conjugate it to the past and still nothing changes?",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "(Updated to fold in feedback from Chocolate in the comments.)\n\nThe や here ~~appears to be a shortening of~~ is equivalent to the や in the set\nconstruction ～や否【いな】や ( _~ ya ina ya_ , \"as soon as ~\"). The single や means\nroughly the same thing (\"when ~, at the time of ~\"). The や construction\ngrammatically requires that the preceding verb be in the 連体形【れんたいけい】 (\n_rentaikei_ , \"attributive form\" used to modify a noun), which in modern\nJapanese is identical to the so-called \"plain form\", \"dictionary form\", or\n終止形【しゅうしけい】 ( _shūshikei_ , \"terminal or conclusive form\" used predicatively,\nsuch as at the end of a sentence).\n\nConsequently, your second sample sentence would not be considered correct\ngrammar.\n\nWhen translating into English, we would indeed use the past tense form of the\nverb, such as _\" No sooner had that kid **put** it in his mouth, when he threw\nup.\"_ or, _\" That kid **stuck** it in his mouth and immediately puked.\"_, etc.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question.",
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"creation_date": "2020-07-29T22:15:35.457",
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