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The major player in renewable energy is hydropower, which mostly means building dams and letting water flow through turbines from a higher elevation to a lower elevation. | [
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In total, hydro has been the most fatal in terms of accidents, with hundreds of thousands of deaths in the last half-century. | [
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One accident clearly stands out, the 1975 Banqiao hydroelectric dam failure in China, which has striking similarities to Chernobyl. | [
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In a nutshell, a massive typhoon triggered intense flooding that destroyed the dam and, subsequently, a number of smaller dams in a chain reaction, unleashing a flood of over 15 billion cubic meters of water in total. | [
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Kilometer-wide waves as high as buildings devastated thousands of square kilometers of countryside and countless communities. | [
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All in all, the death toll from just this one accident and its direct consequences is estimated to lie between 85,000 to 240,000. | [
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But all of these deaths caused by nuclear and renewable energy are actually negligible in comparison to the real killer energy source, fossil fuel, the most widely used source of energy and electricity. | [
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When we burn fossil fuels to heat up water and make turbines spin, or to cause mini-explosions to move cars with internal combustion engines, | [
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gases like ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide are released into the atmosphere. | [
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Breathing in these gases disrupts lung function, which aggravates chronic conditions like asthma and bronchitis, and causes a wide range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. | [
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But even more dangerous is the fine particle pollution burning fossil fuels causes. | [
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They easily find their way deep into your lungs and increase the risk of deadly diseases like lung cancer, stroke, and heart disease. | [
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Fossil fuel-related air pollution is the number one cause of environmental-related deaths in the world. | [
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According to the WHO, it accounts for 29% of all cases of lung cancer, 17% of deaths from acute lower respiratory infection, 24% from stroke, 25% from ischemic heart disease, and 43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | [
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All in all, outside air pollution adds up to the deaths of 4 million people each year. | [
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What makes air pollution especially problematic and sinister is the fact that the damage it causes happens very gradually, | [
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Collectively, air pollution from fossil fuels is estimated to have killed around 100 million people in the past 50 years. | [
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Fossil fuels also provide over 80% of global energy, so it makes sense that they cause the most deaths. | [
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That's about the annual energy consumption of 27,000 EU citizens, or 12,600 US citizens. | [
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To produce that much energy for one year, coal causes 25 deaths, oil causes 18, and natural gas, 3. | [
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Renewable energy causes 1 death every few decades. | [
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And nuclear, in the worst case, nuclear energy would cause 1 death every 14 years. | [
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The numbers are clear. | [
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Even when using wildly pessimistic numbers, nuclear energy is among the safest forms of energy generation, | [
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and at a time when we're struggling to slow down rapid climate change, it's a really valuable low-carbon option. | [
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while proponents of nuclear energy say that until renewable energies are able to cover the complete energy demands of mankind, | [
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it's arguably safer to store nuclear waste for the time being than to inhale poisonous gases and promote rapid climate change. | [
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But a detailed discussion about nuclear waste would go too far here. | [
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Let us know if you'd like a whole video about it. | [
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For your creepy-crawly inhabitants, this makes your body an ecosystem, rich in resources and warmth and space. | [
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Date and be awkward, and if things work out in a complicated dance, two of your cells merge together. | [
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A virus can turn into hundreds within hours, and billions within days. | [
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Your enemies multiply orders of magnitude faster than you. | [
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Even worse, for a bacterium or virus, your body is a hostile ecosystem applying selective pressure. | [
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there will be an individual that mutates and adapts in just the right way to resist your defenses and then multiply quickly again. | [
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Luckily, your immune system is just about the most amazing thing ever. | [
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Since it's so complicated, we have to simplify and focus on one thing at a time. | [
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If you want the full story, wait for the announcement at the end of the video. | [
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The adaptive immune system carries two types of cells, T-cells and B-cells, that are your super weapons and are incredibly effective and deadly for your enemies. | [
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You have at least one of these super weapon cells inside you to fight the Black Death, the coronavirus, | [
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To understand what's going on here, we need to take one step back. | [
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You can imagine them as 3D puzzle pieces. | [
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There are billions of different puzzle pieces your enemies can use to construct their bodies. | [
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So your cells have tiny puzzle pieces on their outsides that are able to click together or recognize other protein puzzle pieces. | [
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When a cell connects together with a protein and recognizes it as enemy, it knows that it has to attack. | [
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