text
stringlengths 263
344k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 23
values | url
stringlengths 16
862
| file_path
stringlengths 125
155
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 57
81.9k
| score
float64 2.52
4.78
| int_score
int64 3
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This issue of Medical Clinics devoted to prediabetes and diabetes prevention belongs in the hands of every practicing internist, PCP, hospitalist, nurse practitioner, endocrinologist, and any healthcare provider who is concerned about the diabetes epidemic. The importance of this resides in our ability to prevent diabetes by early identification of individuals with a precursor condition termed prediabetes that affect 54 million adult Americans. This entity has grown globally over the recent decades paralleling the obesity epidemic. No country or region of the world is immune. Overweight and obesity affect approximately 60% of our population and children as well as adolescents are not spared. Approximately 13% of adolescents have prediabetes which has doubled since the year 2000. Both type 2 diabetes and prediabetes are preventable and reversible with lifestyle changes involving weight loss and exercise. This issue gives a historical perspective on diabetes prevention, examines its public health implications, and explores diabetes prevention initiatives. Essential topics covered include prediabetes definition, epidemiology, mechanisms of complications, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. Diabetes prevention trials and the economics of prevention are also covered.
- No. of pages:
- © Saunders 2011
- 1st March 2011
- Hardcover ISBN:
- eBook ISBN:
New York University Diabetes & Endocrine Associates
Elsevier.com visitor survey
We are always looking for ways to improve customer experience on Elsevier.com.
We would like to ask you for a moment of your time to fill in a short questionnaire, at the end of your visit.
If you decide to participate, a new browser tab will open so you can complete the survey after you have completed your visit to this website.
Thanks in advance for your time.
|
<urn:uuid:0a26c532-5693-4d63-b202-e08519f51a40>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
https://www.elsevier.com/books/prediabetes-and-diabetes-prevention-an-issue-of-medical-clinics-of-north-america/bergman/978-1-4557-0467-5
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347434137.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603112831-20200603142831-00349.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.888017 | 351 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Each day The Seattle Times has a short segment listing a few events of note which happened years ago on that date, Today’s on this day in history featured an event on Sept. 14 1901. The date of President McKinley’s death, the result of gunshots from an assassin. An assassinated U.S. President. Not the first but still, we as a nation do not expect our Presidents to be assassinated.
In 1901 my father was 10 years old, living in Ohio. A single parent family – his mother and 5 children ranging in age from 15 down to 8. His father had died 3 years before in 1898. What impact did President McKinley’s death have upon him and his family? Were they as shaken as the population of my generation by the assassination of President Kennedy? Kennedy’s assassination sent shock waves around the whole world. I was in my 20’s, a newcomer to San Francisco far from home. No family and few friends to share the trauma of that weekend.
Assassination of William McKinley
|Assassination of William McKinley|
|Location||Temple of Music, on grounds of Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, New York|
|Date||September 6, 1901
|Target||William McKinley (died September 14, 1901, of his wounds)|
|Weapons||.32 caliberIver Johnsonrevolver|
|Perpetrator||Leon Czolgosz (electrocuted October 29, 1901)|
|Motive||To advance anarchism|
The 25thPresident of the United States, William McKinley, was shot and fatally wounded on September 6, 1901, inside the Temple of Music on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley was shaking hands with the public when he was shot by Leon Czolgosz, ananarchist. The President died on September 14 from gangrene caused by the bullet wounds. McKinley became the third American president to be assassinated, following Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and James A. Garfield in 1881.
McKinley had been elected for a second term in 1900. He enjoyed meeting the public, and was reluctant to accept the security available to his office. TheSecretary to the President, George B. Cortelyou, feared an assassination attempt would take place during a visit to the Temple of Music, and twice took it off the schedule. McKinley restored it each time.
Czolgosz had lost his job during the economic Panic of 1893 and turned to anarchism, a political philosophy whose adherents had recently killed foreign leaders. Regarding McKinley as a symbol of oppression, Czolgosz felt it was his duty as an anarchist to kill him. Unable to get near McKinley during the earlier part of the presidential visit, Czolgosz shot McKinley twice as the President reached to shake his hand in the reception line at the temple. One bullet grazed McKinley; the other entered his abdomen and was never found.
McKinley initially appeared to be recovering, but took a turn for the worse on September 13 as his wounds became gangrenous, and died early the next morning; Vice PresidentTheodore Roosevelt succeeded him. After McKinley’s murder, for which Czolgosz was put to death in the electric chair, the United States Congress passed legislation to officially charge the Secret Service with the responsibility for protecting the president.
Again from Wikipedia:
William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination in September 1901, six months into his second term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejec…
|
<urn:uuid:2ceec760-d440-49c3-abcf-61d9a75d9aa8>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://willisweaver2.com/category/president-william-mckinley-historical-events/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371675859.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407054138-20200407084638-00408.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.978321 | 792 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Learn about nature while creating a nest for baby chicks. This project is a fun way to explore how to layer shapes and create texture. The nest, created from a paper plate, is layered with curled construction paper, mimicking the texture of a real bird's nest.
What You Need:
- Paper plate
- Tempera paint (brown)
- Construction paper
- Googly eyes (1 set for each chick)
- Glue stick
What You Do:
- Have your child cut a paper plate in half. Set one half aside for a future project.
- Encourage her to paint the plate with brown paint, covering it as much as possible. Set the wet plate aside to dry.
- Ask her to cut three oval shapes out of the construction paper, each one will be a different chick. Set the ovals to the side.
- Have her cut out three small triangles from yellow or orange construction paper to create beaks for the chicks.
- She can now glue the beaks and eyes on each chick.
- Glue the chicks from behind the cut line of the paper plate, so the majority of the oval bodies are over the edge of the plate.
- Help her cut long strips of brown construction paper, about 1/2" wide. Gently curl them with a pair of scissors. Have her glue them to the front of the plate to create texture for the nest.
|
<urn:uuid:48a4f6bb-217d-40de-b770-bc53bb58454b>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.education.com/activity/article/hatching-chicks/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394678677569/warc/CC-MAIN-20140313024437-00050-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.910959 | 292 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Contrary to popular belief, not all bacterial “bugs” are bad. Healthy people normally have trillions of friendly bacteria living within their intestinal tracts. These beneficial bacteria are busy changing the intestinal environment and keeping bad bacteria from gaining a foothold that could lead to disease. Maintaining a healthy balance between helpful and harmful bacteria is important and can be influenced by diet.
ARS scientists are now using the pig as an experimental model to study potential beneficial effects when helpful bacteria are added to the diet. Called “probiotics,” these living microorganisms, when added to foods in sufficient numbers, can benefit the consumer in one or more ways.
Microbiologist Gloria Solano-Aguilar, with the ARS Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, has been leading the effort to study the effects of dietary probiotics on the immune system and gastrointestinal function, with funding from Nestlé Nutrition, Glendale, California. The laboratory is part of the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center. She presented some of her findings during a session on allergy, rheumatology, and immunology at the Pediatrics Academy Societies’ 2006 annual conference.
Solano-Aguilar tested the effect of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb 12; from Chr. Hansen, Denmark) on maturation and stimulation of the immune systems of piglets. Bb 12 is a beneficial bacterial strain commonly used in probiotic products available to U.S. consumers and in baby products overseas.
A treatment containing probiotic Bb 12 was first fed to three pregnant sows, and a placebo was fed to three control sows. The scientists then fed the same treatment to half of each sow’s litters, resulting in four experimental groups.
Solano-Aguilar studied tissue taken from each animal’s lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and intestine. She also studied the animals’ intestinal contents.
“We analyzed tissue samples from treated and nontreated pigs to determine the level of gene expression in those tissues and the amount of related Bb 12 present in the intestine,” says Solano-Aguilar.
The scientists then used a molecular technique to analyze 46 biomarkers to document the activity of immune- and nutrition-related genes. The biomarkers were selected from the ARS-developed Porcine Immunology and Nutrition database of annotated swine genes related to immunity (www.ars.usda.gov/services/docs.htm?docid=6065). They compared gene-expression patterns in the treated pigs with those of the control pigs.
The probiotic was found to induce innate immune activity in the colon, where it was most concentrated.
“The animals that were both treated through their mother and treated themselves had the best immune response,” says Solano-Aguilar.
In a separate study, she administered the Bb 12 strain of probiotic to pigs, initiated a worm-induced infection, and assessed the pigs’ response to the infection. Preliminary results show a better response to the worm infection because of improved nutrient absorption in the piglets that were fed the probiotic bacteria.—By Rosalie Marion Bliss, Agricultural Research Service Information Staff.
"Boosting Immunity Using Beneficial Bacteria" was published in the November/December 2006 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.
Published with permission of USDA Agricultural Research Service.
|
<urn:uuid:645ee8cf-f13f-4a6b-89d3-81f1c531347f>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://www.rejuvenation-science.com/research-news/probiotics-and-prebiotics/n-probiotics-immune
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371876625.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20200409185507-20200409220007-00331.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936856 | 709 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Glaucoma is a disease process affecting the optic nerve. The optic nerve carries electrical signals from the eye to the brain. Most optic nerves have roughly 1.2 million individual nerve fibers. As these individual nerve fibers die, vision is gradually lost. This usually begins in the peripheral (side vision) where it is harder to detect. If not treated, eventually enough nerve fibers are lost, resulting in blindness.
Glaucoma used to be thought of as a disease of pressure inside the eye that was too high and caused damage to the nerve fibers inside the optic nerve. We now know that while the pressure is a risk factor, many people with glaucoma have normal eye pressures.
There are many risk factors for glaucoma, including:
- Age ( > 65 years old)
- Family history (first degree relatives – mother, father, brothers and sisters)
- African ancestry
- Past eye injuries or certain other diseases effecting the eye
- High eye pressure (> 25 mmHg)
- Thin cornea
Glaucoma does not have physical symptoms like pain or pressure in the eyes, but when the disease advances, vision loss becomes noticeable. People who have early or mild glaucoma may not notice it. Once vision loss occurs, it cannot be corrected. This is why it is important to have regular eye examinations with an eye doctor so glaucoma can be detected early and treated before symptoms develop and vision is lost.
The goal of glaucoma treatment is to reduce the pressure inside the eye. Treatment includes eye drops, oral medications, laser surgery, and incisional surgery. Eye drops are the first line of treatment for most patients, but if glaucoma cannot be controlled with eye drops, further treatment to prevent vision loss will be needed. At Ludwick Eye Center, we offer the most advanced glaucoma treatment available including incisional surgery and laser treatment such as:
- The Ex-PRESS Mini Glaucoma Shunt
- Tube Shunt Surgery
- CyPass Micro-Stent and iStent Micro Bypass Stent
- Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) MicroPulse
- Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation (ECP)
- Narrow Angle Glaucoma Treatment: Peripheral Iridotomy (PI)
- Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)
After a comprehensive examination, our glaucoma specialist Dr. Scott Piette will work with you to formulate a personalized treatment plan to achieve the best results in the management and treatment of your glaucoma.
|
<urn:uuid:fe7ed792-07da-40cb-a132-b2342892c355>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
https://www.ludwickeyecenter.com/what-we-treat/glaucoma/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886104704.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170818160227-20170818180227-00503.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.906801 | 544 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The culture of the Bolivian Traditions was molded and influenced by over 30 native tribal groups and different immigrant cultures. Each of them has contributed its own lifestyles and beliefs to the assortment of the country’s traditions and customs. It’s one of the thing that makes Bolivia thee most colorful country in South America! One typical misconception is that the customs and culture of Bolivia are extremely homogenous which means more people think of this country as a kind of Andean country for the reason that the Bolivian government has projected historically the Quechua and Aymara cultures only in massive tourism promotion efforts.
Although these Andean tribal groups are extremely large and are very determined when it comes to the preservation of their traditions, the real culture of the country involves many others.
The same thing happened with the Bolivian history.
By the time that the Spanish people arrive, they focused their development efforts on the highlands of the country on the west side, because their sole interest was to extract silver from the mines in Oruro and Potosi so they could later ship the silver to Spain.
However, the North and the Southern and Eastern portions of the country were virtually abandoned.
Efforts were exerted for tourism and cultures and traditions of those regions just recently with the construction of different national parks.
Due to that, many of the things that pertain to the culture and customs of Bolivia show the lifestyle and traditions of Bolivia.
As a matter of fact, this country has many interesting cultures and each one of these comes with its own legends, beliefs, clothing styles, music, dances, handcrafts, art, and holidays.
To gain a clear picture regarding the Bolivian traditions and cultures, please take note the following:
- Bolivian legends and myths – the country comes with a minimum of 36 cultures with their respective history, language, beliefs and origin.
There are hundreds of legends and myths and some of them are based on the historical events while others are based on fantasy.
- Bolivian athletes and sports – just as with most countries in South America, Bolivia also has a strong and influential soccer tradition.
This sport is so ingrained into the countries society that some businesses actually close for a big soccer game!
- Bolivian recreation and games – there are some games (cards, volleyball, and yes soccer!) that are typically played across this country, particularly during some traditional festivals and are usually accompanied by dancing and music.
- Traditional Bolivianrecipes and foods – Bolivia comes with a wide selection of foods and recipes.
- Typical Bolivian dances and music – dance and music are two of the most colorful and lively traditions that made this country famous worldwide.
Each typical dance and music type comes with a particular meaning or purpose.
- Bolivian clothing & traditional dress – with more than thirty indigenous cultures and numerous foreign cultures, the clothes and fashion in Bolivia differ greatly from region to region.
People wear hats that make it easy for others to identify what region they came from.
- Bolivian artists, art, galleries and museums – art is among the most crucial Bolivian traditions and every indigenous group comes with a different style & modern art.
- Modern and indigenous Bolivian houses – architectural styles differ greatly from region to region.
It is impossible to find a typical Bolivian home since there are so many different cultures!
- Bolivian holidays, special occasions and festivals – there are many events and festivals that are being celebrated every month throughout the country.
Each culture comes with its own festivals and holidays. Some festivals are being celebrated not just once in the entire year in some cities such as the Alasitas which is the festival of wealth that is being celebrated in La Paz in January, and in Santa Cruz in September.
- Bolivian etiquette, social customs and lifestyle – people in Bolivia are trained how to dress for a dinner party and have the habit of not opening the gifts they receive infront of other guests.
Bolivians are also kissing one another all the time for traditional reasons.
- Bargaining and shopping customs – there are some Bolivian traditions followed by people when it comes to shopping.
Vacationers are usually surprised to learn that bargaining is a typical custom in Bolivia.
- Business customs – there are some social norms or business etiquette that you must learn when you want to work or start a business in Bolivia.
For example people in Bolivia are allowed to smoke in offices, Bolivians pefer to do business with people they know and trust, and always shake hands when meeting and leaving a reunion.
|
<urn:uuid:1b65c959-9394-4a61-9cc8-22fa8398a144>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://www.bolivia-facts.com/bolivian-traditions.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886133447.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170824082227-20170824102227-00405.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.967086 | 950 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Batik is a traditional textile art form that originated in several regions across the world, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of Africa. It is characterized by intricate patterns and designs created through a wax-resist dyeing technique. The word "batik" is derived from the Javanese word "amba," meaning to write, and "titik," meaning dot or point. The art of batik involves the application of wax on fabric and then dyeing it to create vibrant and colorful designs.
History and Origin
The history of batik dates back thousands of years, with evidence of its existence found in ancient Egyptian tombs and Javanese temples. However, it is widely recognized as a traditional art form of Indonesia, particularly Java and Bali. The exact origin of batik is debated, but it is believed to have originated in the Indonesian archipelago, with Java becoming the center of its development and refinement.
Originally, batik was primarily practiced by artisans as a form of personal expression and cultural identity. The art form gained popularity and recognition over time, becoming an essential part of Indonesian culture and a symbol of national identity. Today, batik is not only cherished in its countries of origin but also celebrated and admired worldwide for its exquisite craftsmanship and unique designs.
Types of Batik
There are several types of batik, each distinguished by its technique, patterns, and cultural significance:
- Hand-Drawn Batik: Also known as "batik tulis," this is the most traditional and labor-intensive form of batik. Skilled artisans use a "canting," a small copper vessel with a spout, to hand-draw intricate designs with melted wax on the fabric.
- Printed Batik: Also called "batik cap," this type of batik involves using pre-made copper stamps, or "caps," to apply wax onto the fabric. The stamps have predetermined patterns and are repeatedly stamped onto the fabric to create the desired design.
- Combination Batik: This type of batik combines hand-drawn and printed techniques. Artisans create intricate designs using the canting for fine details and then use stamps to fill larger areas with wax.
- Machine-Printed Batik: In recent years, advancements in technology have led to the production of machine-printed batik fabrics. While not considered traditional, machine-printed batik allows for mass production and wider availability of batik-inspired textiles.
Tips in Handling Batik
When handling batik fabrics, it is important to keep the following tips in mind:
- Handwashing: Batik fabrics are best cared for through gentle handwashing using mild detergents. Avoid harsh chemicals and excessive scrubbing, as they can damage the delicate wax-resist patterns.
- Avoid Direct Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can cause the colors in batik fabrics to fade. Store and display batik items in a cool, dry place away from sunlight to preserve their vibrancy.
- Ironing: To remove wrinkles from batik fabrics, use a low-heat setting on the iron and place a thin cloth between the iron and the fabric to protect the wax patterns.
- Storage: When storing batik garments or textiles, fold them carefully to avoid creasing the wax designs. Acid-free tissue paper can be placed between layers to protect the fabric.
Top International Users and Manufacturers
Several international brands and designers incorporate batik-inspired textiles into their collections, honoring the rich cultural heritage and artistic beauty of batik. Here are some of the top users and manufacturers:
- Tory Burch: The fashion brand Tory Burch often features batik-inspired prints in their collections, blending traditional motifs with modern designs to create unique and vibrant garments.
- Anthropologie: Anthropologie, a popular lifestyle brand, showcases batik-inspired textiles in their home decor products, such as bedding, curtains, and table linens, adding a touch of global-inspired elegance.
- Robert Kaufman Fabrics: Robert Kaufman Fabrics produces a wide range of batik fabrics, collaborating with renowned designers and artists to create vibrant and high-quality textiles suitable for quilting, apparel, and home decor.
- Stella McCartney: Known for her sustainable and ethical fashion practices, Stella McCartney has incorporated batik-inspired designs into her collections, demonstrating the fusion of traditional craftsmanship and contemporary fashion.
- Michael Kors: Michael Kors has featured batik-inspired prints in his resort collections, capturing the essence of tropical elegance and infusing it into modern resort wear.
- Natori: The luxury lingerie and loungewear brand Natori occasionally incorporates batik-inspired patterns into their collections, combining artistry and sensuality in their designs.
Batik is a cherished textile art form with a rich history and cultural significance. Its intricate patterns and vibrant colors make it a beloved choice for garments, accessories, and home decor items. Through its various techniques and types, batik continues to captivate individuals worldwide, blending tradition with modern design. The appreciation and use of batik by top international users and manufacturers further demonstrate its enduring appeal and influence in the fashion and textile industry.
|
<urn:uuid:9f321fce-b153-4558-9e93-26df8968cd33>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.textileglossary.com/terms/batik.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224657144.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610062920-20230610092920-00666.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.915565 | 1,079 | 3.453125 | 3 |
As you are reading this blog post, your gastrointestinal system, commonly referred to as your gut, is at work digesting the meal you last ate. If you had some eggs and oatmeal for breakfast, right now your gut is busy breaking it down into smaller, more absorbable constituents needed for energy.
Digestive system definition
Perhaps the scene above is what you think of when you hear the phrase “gut health”. A healthy gut will break down food into smaller pieces that can be used to produce energy molecules and other cellular material. Digestive waste is then excreted out of the gut 1. However, digestion is not the only thing your gut does, and don’t think for a moment that it does it all by itself.
Your gut has an especially important partner. An estimate of 100 trillion bacterial cells lives in your intestines in what is collectively termed the microbiota 2. More bacteria live in your gut than there are cells in your body. Let that sink in (to your gut) for a moment… The microbiota can be thought of as a complex ecosystem. Much like a rainforest, hundreds of different species of bacteria come together to create a balanced environment in your gut. While specific species of bacteria support your gut health, we are learning that the overall balance of the varying species is just as important.
When the microbiota is balanced, it is keeping pathogenic strains of bacteria at bay that would otherwise cause harm to your gut. A healthy microbiota also produces molecules that the cells of your colon use for fuel. The microbiota is not being left out of a meal either. Undigested fibers and starches in your diet get gobbled up by the bacteria and used for energy.
Other functions of gut and microbiota: immune
Other than digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste, what else does your gut do? To start, your gut is home to nearly 70% of your immune system 3. Your gut is constantly encountering the outside world. Having large amounts of immune tissue in your gut makes sure that toxins and pathogens are taken care of before having the chance to enter your body. The microbiota also supports your immune health by creating chemicals that regulate your immune system, modulate inflammation, and reduce cancer growth 4.
Other functions of gut and microbiota: neurological
Your gut is intimately connected to your brain. Running from your brain stem to the gut is a large nerve called the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve can send signals from the brain to the gut and vice versa. This nerve can respond to various gut hormones, neurotransmitters, and bacterial by-products in the gut. Evidence shows that bacteria in your gut may even alter your emotional and behavioral responses by stimulating the vagus nerve 5.
A dedicated network of neurons webs your gut called the enteric nervous system (ENS). It has been called the “second brain” because its structure is reminiscent of the brain. The ENS can operate independently from the brain. Information can be sent to the brain about what is happening in the gut. It is thought that the microbiota may be using the ENS as a middleman that picks up messages from the microbiota and sends it to the brain 5. With the help of the microbiota, 90% of serotonin is produced in the gut 5. Serotonin is needed for gut motility and influences your mood. Emerging research suggests that conditions such as autism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia may result from imbalances in the microbiota.
Gut health is more than just what is going on in your belly. It is connected to your immune health, neurological health, and overall health. How can you support not only your gut health but overall health and wellbeing? Perhaps the most important place to start is with what your gut encounters every day – food!
Foods for Gut Health
Eat Mostly Whole Foods
- With any healing protocol, the first step is to eliminate triggers of imbalance. Foods that are heavily processed can change the nature of your microbiota for the worse. Eating mostly whole foods provides your gut and the microbiota with the nutrients they need for health.
Foods Rich in Fiber
- Fiber helps promote motility of your gut and is the fuel source your microbiota needs for energy.
- nuts and seeds
- walnuts, pumpkin seeds, pecans, pistachios, almonds, etc.
- non-starchy types like cauliflower, broccoli, dark leafy greens, asparagus, mushrooms, yellow squash, zucchini, peppers, etc.
- strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, black berries, apples, pears, etc.
- nuts and seeds
- Fermented foods contain probiotics, beneficial strains of bacteria that live in the gut.
- pasture-raised, grass-fed yogurt
- sauerkraut, kimchi, or other fermented veggies
- Bone broth is rich in amino acids needed for repairing damaged cells in your gut.
- Demulcent is a term used to describe foods that are soothing to your gut. They help support your mucosal membrane, an especially important protective layer in the lining of your gut.
- chia seed
- flax meal
Keegan Abernathy MS, CNS, LDN, Functional and Integrative Nutritionist received his Master of Science in Nutrition and Integrative Health from Maryland University of Integrative Health (MUIH) and is a Certified Nutrition Specialist (CNS) and Licensed Dietitian Nutritionist (LDN). He has witnessed how nutrition has the ability to heal, empower, and enrich lives. Keegan sees eating not only as a way to optimize health but also as a practice for connecting to our food and body in compassionate ways. He believes that nutrition is an investigation into what we are eating and how we are eating. Gaining insight into these two components of eating allows for transformation, connection, and a joyous sense of well-being. After contracting clostridium difficile (commonly known as C. diff) in 2013, Keegan experienced eating as a fearful experience due to his compromised digestion. Through the power of nutrition, mindful eating, and mindfulness practice, he found a deeper connection to his body and cultivated a positive relationship with food. It is now his mission to guide others to their true nature of health and well-being. Connect with him: https://www.truenaturewellness.net/
- Marieb, E. N. (2015). Essentials of human anatomy & physiology. Glenview, IL: Pearson Education, Inc.
- Guinane, C. M., & Cotter, P. D. (2013). Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ. Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 6(4), 295-308.
- Vighi, G., Marcucci, F., Sensi, L., Di Cara, G., & Frati, F. (2008). Allergy and the gastrointestinal system. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 153, 3-6.
- Cani, P. D. (2018). Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises. Gut, 67(9), 1716-1725.
- Cryan, J. F., O’Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F., Boehme, M., … & Dinan, T. G. (2019). The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiological reviews.
|
<urn:uuid:e1d62f30-2d58-4be9-8f47-ac0283c944b8>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://jalayogaflow.com/gut-health-for-whole-well-being-by-keegan-abernathy/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00452.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.918543 | 1,614 | 3.484375 | 3 |
A brief introduction to how memory works and its importance to teaching and learning
A brief introduction to memory
Memory and memorisation get rather a bad rap in education. Memorisation frequently is associated with rote learning, students passively listening to lectures, and generally dull and uninspiring lessons. It further often is positioned as the bane of creativity, critical thinking, inquiry, and agentic behaviour. However, misconceptions about...
Associate Professor Matt McCrudden of Penn State University talks to Dr Nina Hood about his research into the science of learning and how teachers can apply the principles of learning science in their classrooms
Can focusing too intently on only one area of research unintentionally limit the richness of one's teaching practice?
Assistant Professor Vanessa Rodriguez debunks her top 5 neuromyths.
Assistant Professor Vanessa Rodriguez discusses the key things that teachers need to know about how the brain works in order to support their own and their students’ learning.
Assistant Professor Vanessa Rodriguez talks about the key things for teachers to know about the learning process.
How the process of learning occurs in the brain and the relationship between memory, understanding and knowledge.
|
<urn:uuid:d95ccd48-d0dd-4aa6-9536-54a686d3afe4>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
https://theeducationhub.org.nz/a-brief-introduction-to-memory/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413551.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531151414-20200531181414-00103.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942137 | 231 | 3.375 | 3 |
While the term information science encompasses a broad field, computer information science schools are designed to focus the information science education within the realm of computer information systems. Computer information technician training can teach you to be an expert in collecting, classifying, storing, retrieving and disseminating all sorts of vital data and information.
Of course, there are numerous computer fields open to the aspiring computer technician today, and information science is just one of the branches you could choose to study. But, once you have a degree from one of the computer information science schools in the US or Canada, you will be ahead of the curve when it comes to finding employment in the field. Human resource managers overwhelmingly prefer candidates with a diploma or degree in computer information science over applicants with little or no formal education.
The best schools provide several levels of training in computer information systems. Some will offer professional certification in one or more areas of computer sciences, which are a great way for working professionals to brush up on their skills and for beginners to start out. Some colleges will offer the Associate Degree (AS) and the Bachelor Degree in Computer Science (BS); either would give you a very good overview of the field.
Graduate degrees in computer information science are also available for those who wish to further their education. At the Master Degree (MS) and Doctorate (PhD) levels, your studies will be intensified, and will most likely branch out into other areas of computer science, such as networking, programming, and computer languages. When researching colleges and universities, realize that they all have their own particular curriculums, and it is wise to look into all the specifics before you enroll in any computer information course.
In short, can you even imagine what the modern world would be like without computer information technicians to manage all that data? If you would like to get in on the trend, we invite you to submit a request to a few selected computer information science school [http://www.schoolsgalore.com/categories/2/computer_information_science_schools.html] on our website today, and get started on a new and exciting future.
DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.
Copyright 2007 – All Rights Reserved by Media Positive Communications, Inc.
Notice to Publishers: Please feel free to use this article in your Ezine or on your Website; however, ALL links must remain intact and active.
Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. Find Training in Computer Information Science [http://www.schoolsgalore.com/categories/2/computer_information_science_schools.html] and Computer Information Science Schools [http://www.schoolsgalore.com/categories/2/computer_information_science_schools.html], Colleges, Universities, Vocational Schools, and Online Schools at SchoolsGalore.com, your resource for higher education.
|
<urn:uuid:6ccb6824-63c7-45a6-9a50-2e2ffc76b20c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://www.earnwptp.com/2013/12/04/2150
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886107744.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821080132-20170821100132-00623.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.926887 | 631 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Intellectual Property can be defined as creations of mind in diverse range of things, literary, paintings, films, names, pictures, performances, plants or others. Therefore, intellectual property law is used to create exclusive rights in the various symbol that are applied to goods and service. It will be difficult to address out the definition of Intellectual property law since given the wide range of subject matter, it is usually used to describe a number of areas of law, typically including copyright law, patent law, and trade mark law, each of which has its own characteristic. The producers or inventors of any patents, trademarks or copyrighted works to be under protection of all these law by granting them certain time-limited rights to control the use made of those productions. Those legal law do not apply to the physical object in which the creation may be embodied but instead to the intellectual creation as such. Although the terminology ‘Intellectual property’ has been used for almost 150 years in the common area of law that environ copyright, patents, designs and trademarks, it is only been used regularly for the past 40 years. Intellectual property is usually divided into two branches, which are industrial property, which broadly speaking protects inventions, and copyright, which protects literary and artistic works. It seems that the first occurence of this term to refer both of this in the 1950s. Industrial Property has a varied of forms which includes patents for inventions, aesthetic creations that related to appearance of industrial products, trademarks and geographical indications as well as protection against unfair competition. Copyright can be referred to the act of copying an original work which specific on literary and artistic creations. For example, novels, poems, films, music, photographs and so forth. It could only be done by the author or with the permission of author.
|
<urn:uuid:d13bacf4-58e4-4d7b-aefc-bf683bf6f3b8>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://scientifictimes.org/intellectual-law-do-not-apply-to-the-physical-object/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371876625.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20200409185507-20200409220007-00153.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961581 | 358 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Life is good for only two things, both mathematical
Siméon-Denis Poisson (born 21 June 1781 Pithiviers, France; died 25 April 1840 Sceaux, France) was a French mathematician and physicist who once stated:
"Life is good for only two things, discovering mathematics and teaching mathematics."
Poisson was a student of Laplace and Lagrange and achieved highly at a young age, writing a memoir on finite differences at 18 and graduating at 19 without needing to take the final examination. He then moved immediately to the position of repetiteur at Ecole Polytechnique, which was quite an achievement as most top mathematicians had to serve in the provinces before getting a post in Paris.
In 1802, Poisson was named deputy professor and in 1806 he was appointed to the professorship that had been vacated by none other than Fourier. During this period, he studied ordinary and partial differential equations, and in particular their application to physical problems such as the pendulum and the theory of sound.
In 1808, Poisson became an astronomer at Bureau des Longitudes and in 1809 he added the chair of mechanics in Faculte des Sciences to his impressive list of appointments. In 1808 and 1809 Poisson published three important papers, the first investigating mathematical problems raised by Laplace and Lagrange about perturbations of the planets, and the others incorporating developments in Lagrange's method of variation of arbitrary constants which had been inspired by the first of Poisson's three papers. In addition, he published a new edition of Clairaut's Theorie de la figure de la terre, which had first been published in 1743 and confirmed the Newton-Huygens belief that the Earth was flattened at the poles.
In 1811, Poisson won a "Grand Prix" on electricity studies and in 1813 his results regarding the potential in the interior of attracting masses found application in electrostatics. Papers followed on the velocity of sound in gasses, on the propagation of heat, and on elastic vibrations.
It was in his 1837 work Recherches sur la probabilite des jugements en matière criminelle et matière civile that the Poisson probability distribution first appears. This distribution describes the probability that a random event will occur in a time interval when the probability of the event occurring is very small and the number of trials very large.
He published between 300 and 400 mathematical works and his name is associated to a wide variety of ideas including Poisson's integral, Poisson's equation in potential theory, Poisson brackets in differential equations, Poisson's ratio in elasticity, and Poisson's constant in electricity. However, he was not highly regarded by other French mathematicians, with his reputation much higher among foreign mathematicians than his country-folk.
posted by westius @ 1:36 PM
|
<urn:uuid:7c2ba206-4e98-450a-8061-8c9303ca7d42>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
https://plus.maths.org/content/news-world-maths-life-good-only-two-things-both-mathematical
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823482.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019231858-20171020011858-00092.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972247 | 591 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The name Nelumbo is used in Sir Lanka, is an orginial Ceylonese name of the plant. The Japanese name Hasu is a version of Hachisu, which means the bee’s nest, in reference to the sack of the seeds that look to some like a bee’s nest.
The specific epithet name “nucifera” means bearing nuts.
The fruit is a conical shaped pod with the seeds aranged in holes; when the seeds are ripe, they are released because the pod bends downwards to the water.
This plant has reported numerous medicinal uses such as treating diarrhea, hemorrhoids, fever, insomnia, bleeding, and syphillis.
It is reported that a 1,288 year old seed of this species collected from an ancient lake bed in China is one of the oldest germinable seed on record.
What's New -Find the newest in distinct floral designs from our collection of premium luxury flowers, plants and gifts for any occasion.
|
<urn:uuid:53259897-6927-4bba-9ccc-3d6d40ac8184>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
https://www.calyxflowers.com/floral-library/sacred-lotus/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818691977.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925145232-20170925165232-00174.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931788 | 210 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Beginner Series: Swift Tutorial
What is Swift?
Swift is a young programming language developed by Apple for use with many of their products including iOS, OS X, watchOS, tvOS and Linux.
Apple first introduced Swift at their Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) in 2014. Up until then, Objective-C was the main development language for Apple’s platforms. Since Objective-C was first created back in the 80s, it was time for a change.
Apple created Swift with the focus that it would be easier to work with, more resilient to erroneous code, and more concise.
At the WWDC 2015 conference, Apple unveiled Swift 2.0 the latest build of the language which brings several enhancements. The most obvious change is that Apple has made Swift open-source, allowing the use of the language on Linux and Windows platforms.
Still, it’s important to understand the limitations of the language, particularly that you still need a Mac to develop in Swift.
Why Did Apple Create Swift?
Apple did not abandon Objective-C altogether. Developers are still free to create applications and programs with the language, in addition to Swift. However, there are several reasons why Apple created Swift for the modern generation.
In layman’s terms, Objective-C is a very difficult language to learn. This means that inexperienced developers are likely going to shy away from it, instead focusing on much easier languages to get their feet wet. Because Swift is much easier to write and infinitely easier to learn – it means that the platform will see a huge boost in the number of developers that are willing to work with it. Naturally, this translates to more support for Apple’s platforms and products, so it’s a win-win scenario for them.
Objective-C is old. 2014 was the language’s 30th anniversary since inception. It was long overdue for Apple to introduce a more modern language for their platforms, which came in the form of Swift. This means that Apple can do a lot of innovative and fresh things with Swift, as opposed to Objective-C which has largely had its methods set in stone – for a long time now.
Finally, since Apple is responsible for the creation of Swift they can influence how it develops over time. This is exciting for not only the future of the language but also their platforms. They now have the flexibility to change, add, and update functions of the language. As their ecosystem grows, this is incredibly important because it means they have more wiggle room in terms of what they can do, and what features they can add.
Plus, Apple wants to get a leg up on Google’s Android OS. With the previous setup porting iOS apps to Android was relatively easy. This is because there is no lack of tools that allow you to port Objective-C apps to Java. Developers who work with Apple’s platforms have a fairly easy way to move their apps cross-platform.
Swift, on the other hand, is more difficult to port apps from and the process to do so is incredibly time-consuming. So, the more developers that create products for Apple’s ecosystem in Swift means more exclusive content.
What are the Requirements for Developing With Swift?
You need a Mac with the latest version of OS X in order to work with Swift. That means, if you want to build an iOS or OS X application, you’ll need to do it in Apple’s ecosystem.
How is Swift Used?
Even though the most recent build of Swift is open-source, it is primarily meant to be used for Apple’s iOS, OS X, watchOS, and tvOS platforms.
Apple uses the language to build their operating systems for their products. Developers, on the other hand, use Swift to develop mobile applications and programs for these platforms.
Next, we’re going to talk about the Benefits of Learning Swift.
Disclosure of Material Connection: Some of the links in the post above are “affiliate links.” This means if you click on the link and purchase the item, I will receive an affiliate commission. Regardless, I only recommend products or services I use personally and believe will add value to my readers.
|
<urn:uuid:89124fac-e6b9-4bf0-aa0e-0bc8c4ce3e57>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.codeconquest.com/tutorials/swift/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511424.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004220037-20231005010037-00582.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956739 | 878 | 3.125 | 3 |
Manufacturing Day: How Stuff Gets Done
This year marks the fifth annual Manufacturing DaySM when thousands of manufacturers will promote manufacturing as a whole. Thousands of manufacturers will open their doors to students, parents, teachers and other job seekers to promote the new manufacturing environment.
Many still think manufacturing is filled with dirty, boring and repetitive jobs. Of course some of these jobs still exist. But joining computer design with mechanical machinery, is removing many of the old fashioned ideas about manufacturing. Meanwhile many skilled jobs stay vacant even as the unemployment rate approaches pre-Great Recession levels.
This is why Manufacturing Day seeks to re-educate potential workers and students and the general public about what today’s manufacturing is all about.
In truth many exciting jobs are available for those that enjoy actually making something. This is true for Microdyne Plastics too. Today most products are designed with sophisticated computer design programs that are first engineered on a computer screen then modeled in 3-D so buyers can visualize their product.
Building molds for three dimensional products requires building a reverse form that gets filled with plastic to make the product. This is much like using the lost wax process of bronze sculpture, but much more precise. The computer model uses the product to build the mold (called tools in the trade). Then the dimensions (in a computer file) are used again in CNC metal milling machines to build the components of the tools. The metal lathes run in enclosed compartments and the operator programs the machine to control the process.
Skilled mold tool makers then assemble custom molds to be fitted on large automated machinery where specially formulated plastic resins are used for the particular product.
These machines are run by electronic (and computerized) controls that require technical skills to run and maintain. Most plastic products run with little human handling until after the product is formed, when packaging takes place.
In addition to the electronic and machinery engineering component is the issue of scheduling and general efficiency of the factory machines. Trained engineers are focused on making each product in the most efficient way possible to keep prices low, and designing for manufacturing effectiveness.
It’s an interesting blend of science art and technology using engineering and business skills that makes manufacturing fun and challenging. There is room for many different skill levels.
Manufacturing Day is sponsored by tour industry trade groups across the nation. Last year, over 2600 events took place and over 300,000 students, parents and educators participated.
The goal is to help bring back manufacturing as field to be considered by young people as a career. It seems to be working. A study by Deloit revealed and posted on the Manufacturing Day website that 81% of students found manufacturing provides careers that are interesting and rewarding. Educators are 93% more convinced that manufacturing provides rewarding and interesting careers. As a result they are more likely to encourage students to pursue arrears in manufacturing.
Deliote, the big accounting firm, has a joint initiative with Manufacturing Day to study the job gaps which are created when education does not respond to businesses needs through training programs. They report that 82% of executives believe that the jobs gap will impact their ability to meet customer demand. Three quarters of them believe it will impact their ability to implement new technologies.
The issue also includes a gap in attitudes toward manufacturing. The skills report says that “while Americans consider manufacturing among one of the most important domestic industries for maintaining a strong national economy, they rank it low as a career choice for themselves. Moreover, only 37 percent of respondents indicated they would encourage their children to pursue a manufacturing career[i]”.
For years most manufacturers have stayed behind security fences and closed doors, but now perhaps we are realizing the need to be more public. Manufacturing Day and its influence on the manufacturing image is proving the point. Manufacturing, actually making something, is a rewarding field. Today it provides many challenging technical careers as technology is creating the advanced manufacturing economy.
[i] Report by Deloite and The Manufacturing Institute reported on the Manufacturing Day website. http://www.mfgday.com/news/manufacturing-day-offers-insightful-
|
<urn:uuid:97687441-f4a7-4b79-975c-41d864d1cda5>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
http://microdyneplastics.com/2016/10/manufacturing-day-how-stuff-gets-done/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347400101.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200528201823-20200528231823-00393.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961753 | 845 | 3.25 | 3 |
Humans spend a lot of time and money on keeping their teeth clean and bright, but there’s no floss or mouthwash in the animal world, so how do other species keep their teeth in working order?
Most animals don’t have much of a problem with dental hygiene in the first place because of their diet. Humans suffer from tooth decay because we eat foods that are rich in refines sugars, but animals don’t come across these in the wild.
Teeth are essential for many animals, as without them they’d starve. Luckily, it’s often everyday activity the animals would do anyway that keep the teeth in good condition.
Cows keep their teeth healthy because they chew grass so thoroughly, while elephants brush their tusks (modified incisors) when hey use them to chisel tree bark. Elephants have a preferred tusk which gets worn down more than the other, so if it wears out there’s a spare in great condition.
Rodent incisors grow constantly and gnawing on food grinds them down, creating a cycle of tooth replacement. Pet rodents need to be given food that requires serious nibbling, otherwise the teeth will grow too long and get in the way.
Some pet foods contain sugar, so a regular tooth clean may be required for pets, but the high pH value of canine and feline saliva means they are less susceptible to cavities. This alkaline saliva is found in the wild relatives of our pets, in animals like wolves and big cats.
Often the relatively short lifespan of animals mean that they don’t live long enough to suffer from dental damage. Or, in the case of sharks and crocodiles, their teeth don’t last long enough as they regularly replace them throughout their lives. Sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes get through as many as 35,000 teeth in their life.
(Photo © psyberartist/flickr)
|
<urn:uuid:bbd661c0-48fe-458c-9660-58d1da1529ec>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
https://www.animalanswers.co.uk/blog/how-do-animals-look-after-their-teeth/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886110792.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822143101-20170822163101-00424.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947877 | 407 | 3.546875 | 4 |
The Music Division is home to some magnificent Mozart manuscripts, from his Violin Concerto No. 5 in A Major, K. 219, to a handwritten letter from 14 year-old Wolfgang to his sister Nannerl, to his revered Gran Partita. In addition to these (fully digitized!) Mozart manuscripts, our collections also feature reflections and commentary on the master from other great musical minds. Take, for instance, Aaron Copland’s writing “At the Thought of Mozart,” or Leonard Bernstein’s script for his Young People’s Concerts episode entitled “What Is Classical Music?” where he describes Mozart’s music as he contextualizes the various eras of classical music. We even hold Clara Schumann’s holograph cadenzas for the first and last movements of Mozart’s D minor piano concerto, K. 466.
On Mozart’s birthday, I’m eager to share a completely different Mozart-related item that relays as much about Mozart’s personality as it does his musicianship. Mozart started displaying raw musical talent at just three years old and was touring Europe with his father and sister Nannerl by the age of six. By the time the child prodigy was performing in London at eight years old, he was simultaneously attracting massive attention and sparking controversy among contemporary skeptics, as certain doubters questioned the boy’s true age and quality of talent. English lawyer, naturalist, and Friend of the Royal Society Daines Barrington (1727/28-1800) responded to said skeptics when he famously observed an eight year-old Mozart on the boy’s 1764 travels to London and reported his “scientific” findings to the British scientists of the Royal Society on February 15, 1770. In the Library’s collections resides a small book in Barrington’s hand; the spine of the clamshell box reads “Barrington – Memoirs of the life of the late George Frederick Handel.” Barrington actually copied out the Handel memoir, the work of his contemporary John Mainwaring (Mainwaring, an English theologian, was the very first biographer of Handel). Bound with his copy of Memoirs, however, one will discover a fun surprise: a manuscript copy of Barrington’s aforementioned report on, in Barrington’s words, “Little Mozart,” — in the author’s own hand!
His report, entitled Account of a Very Remarkable Young Musician, documents Barrington’s various rounds of testing that involved sight-reading newly-composed, never before seen music as well as improvising material that conveyed specific emotions (such as love and rage). The sight-reading, it must be pointed out, was composed by “an English gentleman to some favourite Words in Metastasio’s Opera of Demosoonte,” written in five parts (two violins, two vocal parts, and a basso). What’s more remarkable, however, is that Barrington points out “that the parts for the first and second voice were written in what the Italians stile the Contralto cleff.” (I’d like to see an eight year old do this on Youtube!) Aside from detailing the immense difficulty of this assignment, Barrington notes Mozart’s masterful modulation skills and amazing execution, especially considering that “his Little Fingers could scarcely reach a Fifth on the Harpsichord.” Of course, one of the reasons for Barrington’s study was a growing public doubt of Mozart’s real age; Barrington addressed this specific point and at the same time provided us with a charming visual picture when he wrote, “…he had not only a most childish Appearance, but likewise had all the Actions of that Stage of Life. For Example, whilst he was playing to me a favourite Cat came in, upon which he immediately left his Harpsichord, nor could we bring him back for a considerable Time. He would also sometimes run about the Room with a Stick between his Legs by Way of Horse.”
We know Mozart was a child prodigy, and we know his humor tended toward the immature and playful; however, these specific retellings of his childish reflexes paint a particular portrait of the eight year old Wunkerkind that can’t help but make the modern reader smile. In addition to the Barrington book, take note of two illustrations: 1) an engraving of seven-year-old Mozart at the keyboard from our iconography collections (left), and 2) “Mozart als Knabe von sieben Jahr” (“Mozart as a child of seven years”) pasted into a first edition copy of his Six Sonates pour le Clavecin, composed when he was just eight years old (below).
So, today, of course listen to Mozart (his Requiem, a concerto, an opera – what have you!) and savor his masterful music, but also take a moment to reflect on the human side of “little Mozart” and celebrate the tremendous life that he brought to music history.
Happy birthday, Wolfie!
Great blog, Cait! How I miss looking at those manuscripts — there’s a great story about Mozart scholar H.C. Robbins Landon walking through the reading room when someone was looking at the Gran Partitta Ms and saying, “Ah, yes, a piece of the true Cross.”
Wow! What fun! There’s nothing like primary sources. And I love that a cat so quickly and thoroughly got the kid’s attention.
|
<urn:uuid:264f0598-4a56-43b2-8725-fe77bad3f85f>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://blogs.loc.gov/music/2017/01/happy-birthday-to-little-mozart/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647895.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601143134-20230601173134-00581.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952625 | 1,222 | 2.625 | 3 |
Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of
Dejtingsajter för handikappade förr
This form of resorption is most often trauma related, causing 5 Jan 2021 (Tronstad) External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) relates to As pulpal disease does not cause PR, endodontic therapy is not indicated 11 Nov 2019 The only cause of external cervical resorption and replacement resorption that occur during treatment without traction of unerupted teeth is In cases where the resorptive process is already established, root canal treatment can arrest the resorption and encourage hard tissue repair. The use of a Several things can cause a tooth to begin to be resorbed. External resorption is often caused by injuries to the mouth and The treatment consists of thoroughly cleaning out and disinfecting the root or nerve and the defect caused by the resorption. Medicine is then placed in the tooth for pointed out as a possible cause of apical root resorption of teeth, because tooth resorption is regulated by similar mechanisms to those controlling bone 1 Jun 2016 Treatment for internal resorption includes root canal therapy, followed by a definitive restoration. Considering that vital pulp tissue is necessary for Inflammatory root resorptions,. Apical resorption,.
Apical resorption,. Cervical resorption,. Orthodontic treatment,. Risk factors,. Cone beam.
Proceedings of Clinical Innovation - Biomedical Engineering
Dr. Stacey Simmons offers a brief review of the pathology of IRR and goes Resorption is a widely misunderstood process; therefore, the purpose of this video was to simplify it in animation to help with patient comprehension. AAE me 2021-04-19 · The most common cause of external resorption is an injury to the teeth and mouth that leads to swelling and loss of tissue and bone surrounding the affected teeth. Such injuries normally occur due to trauma, tooth grinding, using different orthodontic appliances like braces for a long time, or tooth bleaching.
FOETAL ▷ Svenska Översättning - Exempel På Användning
Local cialis 20mg granulocytopenia, treatment; ear-drum completion oliguric position; impossibly resorption best price levitra 20 mg paraesthesia birthday In addition to apical root resorption caused by apical peri- odontitis as a consequence of pulpal necrosis, there are two main forms of external resorption 4 nov. 2003 — Svar: 1B = Järn och folat-brist pga bristande resorption av dessa (PAD) is of importance for the prognosis and the treatment of the patient? Finally booked your surgery appointment and you have your treatment plan on hand First deep störst kuk of suture was perfor using a slow resorption material 5 juni 2018 — Classification, Causation and Treatment of Masticatory. Myogenous OSTEOARTHROSIS AND IDIOPATHIC CONDYLAR RESORPTION 171 funktion och resorptionsprocessen. Piatt J, A Pitfall in the Diagnosis of Child Abuse: External Hydrocephalus, Subdural Hematoma, and Goldsmith W and Plunkett J, A Biomechanical Analysis of the Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Det förefaller emellertid ha genomgått osteoklastisk resorption som increasing ethanol gradient and xylene treatment for 1 h each and embedded in paraffin.
The key features of the various types (external surface
Internal root resorption (IRR) is a pathologic phenomenon characterized by the loss of dentine as a result of clastic cells action.
How much do you get paid at octapharma
Resorption is broadly categorized as either internal or external, depending on whether it is started outside the tooth or from the pulpal cavity within it. Causes of Root Resorption. When root resorption happens outside of losing baby teeth, it’s likely due to tooth nerve or gum infection, tooth movement due to orthodontic treatment, impacted teeth, or chronic teeth grinding.
Contributing local factors are trauma, orthodontic
If you have external resorption and your dentist feels it is not savable by means of root canal and periodontal surgery, then it is best to remove it.
alice munro boys and girls
marinbiologi utbildning utomlands
att lära nytt språk
panoro energy tullow
Pages Karlstad University
Trauma. Dental resorption can occur as a result of traumatic injury which causes damage either to the periodontal ligament (with subsequent external root resorption) or from pulpal injury and death (with infection ensuing).
Tyska 4 komvux
Amalgammotståndare stämmer FDA - Dental Tribune
Signs and diagnosis of tooth resorption. Tooth resorption has been reported to cause anorexia, ptyalism, lethargy, depression, halitosis and 8 Aug 2013 The Hypothesis: The several different disturbances causing root resorption can be either orthodontically provoked or acquired by trauma, virus 1 Feb 2015 If excessive orthodontic force is placed on teeth, it can cause root resorption in later years. Or, a tooth that has been traumatized may suffer Root resorption ^ diagnosis, classification and treatment choices based on stimulation factors. Root resorption is a dental complication that can lead to tooth Root resorption is a pathological process involving loss of hard dental tissues. It may occur as a consequence of dental trauma, orthodontic treatment, and 30 Jul 2020 Causes of pathological resorption include pressure on the root (impacted tooth or expanding cyst or tumor), inflammation and infection 6 Aug 2020 Unfortunately, if external resorption is diagnosed, there isn't a favorable prognosis. This form of resorption is most often trauma related, causing 5 Jan 2021 (Tronstad) External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) relates to As pulpal disease does not cause PR, endodontic therapy is not indicated 11 Nov 2019 The only cause of external cervical resorption and replacement resorption that occur during treatment without traction of unerupted teeth is In cases where the resorptive process is already established, root canal treatment can arrest the resorption and encourage hard tissue repair. The use of a Several things can cause a tooth to begin to be resorbed.
|
<urn:uuid:cc93d3ff-e4cc-4319-a4e6-57c305e91a1c>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://kopavguldellf.web.app/32540/13972.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949355.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330163823-20230330193823-00354.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.873101 | 1,432 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Unlike the upper and lower back, the middle part of the back is structurally fairly simple, with fewer joints to worry about and less flexibility. Consequently, it doesn’t get exposed to the same kinds of stresses as the other parts of the back, but injuries do happen anyway, and mid back pain sufferers can have just as much difficulty finding relief.
The degree of severity in cases of mid back pain can vary quite a bit. For some individuals, it might be totally disabling, while others may suffer chronic, somewhat less severe, discomfort.
The cause of mid back pain, at a core level, is inflammation of muscles, ligaments, and tendons. This can be the result of either straining physical exertion, or poor posture, and injuries may occur from one burst of activity, or build up over a long period of time. For example, a person could suffer a severe injury his or her middle back during a tough day of playing basketball with friends, or it could happen over days and weeks of sitting in an uncomfortable office chair.
Mid back pain can signal certain very dangerous problems, like heart attack or kidney failure. If there are other symptoms present in conjunction with mid back pain such as shortness of breath, pain in the jaw, losing control of bladder and bowel, chest pressure, or pain in the stomach, seeking immediate emergency medical attention is usually the best course of action.
Treatments for middle back pain tend to vary depending on the cause of the injury and the severity of the symptoms. In the very worst cases, doctors may have to resort to surgical options, but this is fairly uncommon. Many people do just fine with regular dosages of over the counter pain medications such as ibuprofen, or acetaminophen. In more severe cases, bed rest may be used initially, while the pain is acute, but eventually doctors will often ask patients perform certain exercises on a regular basis to build up stronger muscles, so that they can more easily avoid future injuries. Alternative therapies, such as massage and acupuncture, can provide a great deal of relief during the period of recovery, and some patients claim they can even help prevent future injuries.
|
<urn:uuid:bfa08437-9405-4310-bc0d-33fdba7eb8b8>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://drhalland.com/mid-back-pain/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250608062.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123011418-20200123040418-00020.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949695 | 441 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The Problem Of Knowing Essay, Research Paper
Consider the meaning of ambiguousness: for something to have two contradictory meanings, with emphasis on the unknown. In, “My Kinsman, Major Molineux,” Nathaniel Hawthorne uses ambiguity, as well as other writing tools, to tell a pre-Revolutionary war story about a young man’s journey from childhood innocence into the adult world of evils and reality. Hawthorne utilizes the power of setting, symbolism, and conflict, to name a few, to help portray the problem of knowing that is ever present through out the stories’ entirety.
Foremost it is important to know the main character of the story: young Robin is on a journey from the country into town to find his kinsman, the Major Molineux. Robin’s character is round in that it is complex and dynamic. He changes from the innocent youth he is in the beginning to an adult educated in the ways of evil and harshness. On the other hand, Major Molineux’s character, which you never meet until the end of the story is flat: static and yet vital to the story: helping the reader see Robin’s character more clearly. The other characters in the story are significant, but also flat; you never see too much about any of them, further enhancing the ambiguousness of the work. It is the mystery of these flat characters, such as the waiter at the tavern or the woman with the red skirt, which keeps you questioning what exactly is going on.
Robin’s character is discovered in many ways through the conflicts with each situation he finds himself in through out his journey. Each conflict is carried through a sequence of events that leads to the climax and creates the characters. Robin’s conflict starts with the elder authority figure that he meets on the street, the conflict between the two characters sparks the conflict that Robin eventually finds within himself. He continues to meet different towns people, asking each for his kinsman, but always creating more and more conflict within himself. Each meeting reveals some small clue about the major, but in parallel creates more questions and ambiguity leading to the climax.
It was no mistake that the story of Robin’s search for Major Molineux was told in the limited-third person narrative. This particular point of view significantly attributes to the problem of knowing; it allows some light to be shed on the questionable sequence of events, but at the same time restricts what is revealed to lead once again to more questions.
It is important, though, to not forget the vital role of Hawthorne’s choice of setting for this work. Adding to the ambiguousness of the story is the dark, evening setting that the story takes place in; darkness represents the unknown and the light represents the truth. Robin starts his journey with a walk through the woods; woods generally symbolize the unknown as well, but in this story they are not the evil unknown, but in fact only the beginning of what is to come. The setting of the town is important to note: from the dark quietness of the streets to the dark smokiness of the tavern, no light is ever shown brightly enough to give the truth away.
Perhaps, though, the most significant of all of Hawthorne’s attributes to this problem of knowing was his use of irony. Language is central to the understanding of Robin’s journey. For instance, the symbolism he uses is vital to the archetypical pattern of a young man’s right of passage. Hawthorne’s use of symbolism paired with ambiguity and irony leads to the reading of two parallel stories. Without the use of these language tools the reader would read only one story, instead the reader is able to also read the underlying story. The real impact this has on the story as a whole is rooted in the fact that all of the symbolism only leads to more questions, attributing greatly to the problem of knowing that encompasses the story.
Although Hawthorne utilizes irony throughout the story as a language tool, it is important to see that the tone of the whole work is ironic. The way that we are looking at Robin is different from the way he is. This particular form of irony is known as dramatic irony; it is not long from the beginning of the story that it is obvious to the readers that they know more than Robin does. Robin believes hopefully that he will find his kinsman eventually and all will be well, but even the unsophisticated reader sees that something, if not everything, is not right. The ironic tone of the work aids in the problem of knowing not only for Robin’s character, but also for the reader. This in itself may seem ironic, but Hawthorne utilized the power of irony to create question after question in both the character and the reader’s mind.
In conclusion, it is attainable for you as the reader to understand the problem of knowing that Robin faces once you realize the many ingredients used to emphasize this problem. Hawthorne’s deliberate use of symbolism, ambiguity, tone, setting and so on attribute to the effectiveness of his story. With these tools, the author was able to clearly represent the age-old story of man’s journey from innocent naivety to adulthood in a unique and original way.
|
<urn:uuid:579b18af-901a-4161-9283-18948bc612f2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://mirznanii.com/a/63128/the-problem-of-knowing-essay-research-paper
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549426951.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170727022134-20170727042134-00259.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963928 | 1,086 | 2.8125 | 3 |
1940-1990 Therapies are developed
Pulminologists performed minor operations in the 1930s and 1940s such as the canalization of abscesses and artificial pneumothorax, i.e. collapse theory. Until the end of the 1940s pneumothorax therapy was the most commonly used procedure in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. In artificial pneumothorax air was inserted into the pleural cavity, i.e. outside the lung, which caused the diseased lung to collapse isolating the infected area or “cavern”. In maintenance therapy air had to be added into the pleural space to replace the original air that was gradually absorbed. Pneumothorax maintenance treatments could be administered at patients’ home years after discharge from hospital.
Doctors who had specialized in chest and lung surgery in Helsinki started working as consulting surgeons in the 1950s in most pulmonary sanatoriums, where they performed lung operations on patients. The most common surgery was thoracoplasty, which yielded a better treatment outcome than pneumothorax treatment, the removal of a section of lungs or the whole lung, or the canalizing of abscesses in open surgery. Thoracoplasty or chest wall reforming surgery involved a removal of a part of the ribs from the diseased side of the chest, which collapsed resulting in the diseased lung ending up at the stage of rest.
The consulting surgeon in the Central Häme Sanatorium during the years 1953-1963 came from Turku; he was assistant chief surgeon, and later professor, dr. Sauli Viikari. He had worked as a surgeon in the Sanatorium of Southwest Finland since 1953. In those daysdr. Pentti Antila was specializing in pulmonary tuberculosis. He had been taught to assist in lung operations dr. Sauli Viikari. In 1955 dr. Antila started working as a ward physician in the Central Häme Sanatorium and once again began to assist in operations performed by dr. Viikari. A modern operating theatre was completed at Pikonlinna in 1955.
Doctor Ville Autio was specializing in chest and lung surgery in Turku at the beginning of the 1960s. He became the consulting and operating doctor for the Central Häme Sanatorium in 1963 after Viikari. Soon thereafter Ville Autio was selected as chief physician of the I surgical department in the newly opened Tampere Central Hospital. He started in this position in 1964.
Autio brought along with him from Turku to Tampere a specialist in chest and lung surgery, Hannu Markkula, who assumed responsibility for the consultations at Pikonlinna.
|
<urn:uuid:b167971c-f066-4400-9d25-cfa8005b2c59>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.aikanaan.fi/pikonlinna/en/therapies-are-developed/operations/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250608295.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123041345-20200123070345-00228.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96691 | 545 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Next on “Know Your Partner” are questions about attitudes and beliefs. It is hard to admit, but many of our beliefs and attitudes are part of our identities and can be the cause of relationship breakup or relationship build up. They are extremely important and somehow a bit sensitive.
The important thing is to find out which of these beliefs or attitudes are “musts” – those things that you are not willing to compromise on. For example, Gal and I do not share the same political opinion or even religious beliefs but this has never been a conflict between us.
The idea behind these questions is to find out what we think we “must” have and what our partner thinks they “must” have. Agreements will be easier to keep once we know and make a conscious decision to accept our partner rather than ignore their musts.
The attitudes and belief we will discuss are about culture, race, ethnicity, difference, truth and law, politics and community, media and religion.
Culture, Race, Ethnicity and Differences
- What do you think of your own race?
- What do you think of your own ethnic community?
- What do you think of your own culture?
- What do you think of others who are not from your race? Ethnic community? Culture?
- What are some of the beliefs you developed at home or have changed? Why?
- Do you prefer a workplace with people from around the world or people from your own background?
- Do you have friends from diverse backgrounds?
- How would your family react to you associating with someone from a different culture, ethnicity, religion or race?
- How would you feel if your child dated someone of a different race or ethnicity? The same gender? How would you feel if he or she married this person?
- Do you have any biases regarding race, ethnicity, culture, religion?
- What were your family’s views of race, ethnicity, and difference?
- Is it important to you that your partner shares your vision of race, ethnicity, and difference?
- What do you think of people who are different to you?
- What things do you appreciate in your culture that you would like to bring into your own home, with your own family?
- What things do you not appreciate in your culture that you would not like to bring into your own home, with your own family?
- Have race, ethnicity, and differences ever been a source of tension and stress for you in a relationship?
- Is popular culture part of your culture (e.g. TV, movie stars, celebrities, modern music, magazines)?
Truth and Law
- What is your opinion on lying?
- What do you think of a white lie?
- What is your definition of honesty?
- If you found out your best friend’s partner was having an affair with someone else, what would you do?
- Do you consider yourself a law-abiding person?
- Do you pay your taxes honestly?
- Have you ever committed a crime? If yes, what was it?
- Have you ever been arrested? If yes, for what?
- Have you ever been in jail? If yes, why?
- Have you ever been involved in legal action or a lawsuit? If yes, what were the circumstances?
- Have you ever been the victim of a violent crime? If yes, describe what happened.
- What do you think of fairness and justice?
Politics & Community
- What do you think of politics?
- What do you think of politicians?
- Which political party do you belong to?
- Are you politically active?
- What was your family’s attitude towards politics and social justice?
- What political issues do you care about (e.g. human rights, equality, privacy, environment, women’s right, gay rights, justice for all, foreign affairs, tax…)?
- Are you involved in the community?
- What is your relationship to with your neighbors (for example, would you leave a spare key with your neighbor)?
- Do you contribute to the community? Time? Money? Skills? If so, how and how much?
- Who do you think is responsible for those people who are poor or cannot care for themselves?
- What do you think the role of the media is?
- How long on average do you watch TV each week?
- What kinds of things do you watch on TV? Why?
- How much do you use the internet? What for? Why?
- Do you read the newspapers? If so, how much, what kind and why?
- Do you read any magazines? What kind? Why?
- Do you believe what you see in the media? Is this a true representation of real life?
- Do you think the media is supposed to represent our society or educate our society?
- Do you think there needs to be total freedom for journalists?
- How do you think the media has contributed to our lives?
- How do you think the media has impacted negatively on our lives?
- Do you buy things that are advertised on TV?
- Do you think commercials influences you to buy/not buy things?
- What is the role of media in politics?
- In what way are we controlled by media today?
- How does the media portray relationships?
- How does the media portray marriage?
- Do you believe in God? If so, what does God mean to you?
- When you were growing up, did your family identify with a particular religion? Did they practice this religion? If so, in what way?
- Is religion a big part of your life?
- Does your religion have any behavioral restrictions (e.g. dietary, social, family status and structure, sexual…)?
- Are you a religious person? Is your religion part of your daily life and practice? If so, in what way?
- What is the difference between a religious person and a spiritual religion?
- What do you think of others who do not have the same religious beliefs as you?
- What is your opinion about conflicts between different religious beliefs?
- Do you think it is a must that your partner shares the same religious beliefs/ non-religious beliefs as you? If so, why? If not, why not?
- How important is it to you for your children to be raised in your religion/non-religious life style?
- Do you think conflicts over religious beliefs can cause a breakup in a relationship?
Till next time, may your beliefs and attitudes align,
This post is part of the series Know Your Partner:
- Know Your Partner: Musts
- Know Your Partner: Questions to Ask
- Know Your Partner: Appearance, Work, Money and Health
- Know Your Partner: Education, Leisure, Holidays and Birthdays
- Know Your Partner: Home, Food, Telecommunication & Pets
- Know Your Partner: Beliefs & Attitudes
- Know Your Partner: Attitudes About Gender and Sex
- Know Your Partner: Parenting
|
<urn:uuid:38293458-3b0a-400a-a211-bc8526db5ceb>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://www.ronitbaras.com/emotional-intelligence/relationships/know-your-partner-beliefs-attitudes/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370525223.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200404200523-20200404230523-00543.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961987 | 1,486 | 2.625 | 3 |
Color composite images of Vesta
› Full Size
October 25, 2011
PASADENA, Calif. -- These Dawn FC (framing camera) composite images show the spectacular spectral diversity of Vesta’s surface. The FC has 7 color filters which allow it to image Vesta in a number of different wavelengths of light. Being able to image in many wavelengths enhances features and colors that would otherwise be indistinguishable to the human eye. The left image shows a RGB color composite image of Vesta. RGB stands for red, green and blue and in this case red is the 750nm filter, green is the 920nm filter and blue is the 980nm filter. Nm stands for nanometers and is a measure of the wavelength of light. The images from these 3 filters were combined into this one RGB composite image, which enhances Vesta’s coloration. The right image is also a RGB composite image. This time red is the ratio of the brightness at a wavelength of 750nm to the brightness at 440nm; green is used for the ratio of the brightness at 750nm to 920nm and blue is used for the ratio of the brightness at 440nm to 750nm. These ratios have all been picked for specific scientific purposes. The green shows the relative strengh of a particular mineralogical characteristic, the ferrous absorption band, at 1000nm so that a brighter green color signifies a higher relative strength of this band. The blending between the red and blue heightens the color range of visible light.
NASA’s Dawn spacecraft obtained these images with its framing camera on August 11th 2011. These images were assembled from images taken through the camera’s color filters. The distance to the surface of Vesta is 2740km and the images have a resolution of about 250 meters per pixel.
The Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres is managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington D.C.. UCLA is responsible for overall Dawn mission science. The Dawn framing cameras have been developed and built under the leadership of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, with significant contributions by DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, and in coordination with the Institute of Computer and Communication Network Engineering, Braunschweig. The Framing Camera project is funded by the Max Planck Society, DLR, and NASA/JPL.
|
<urn:uuid:a163a832-0a35-4e2d-b632-f4da42eacef3>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/imageoftheday/image.asp?date=20111025
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510274967.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011754-00463-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.898904 | 514 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Site & Soils Field Day Available
June 14, 2012
Prince George, BC
The instructor will demonstrate all required outcomes prior to participants demonstrating to the instructor the proper processes for site and soil evaluation.
Soil evaluation identifying characteristics that affect sewage systems.
Understand the general method of how to evaluate soil characteristics that affect water movement.
Excavate soil pit – depth, location (don’t ruin site)
Available tools – soil auger, probe
Basic knowledge of how to examine the soil profile and identify
Major soil structure features (why it is important is covered in soil/water)
Colour – mottles and gleyed soils (washed out gray) identified high water table or saturated soils (reason saturated/unsaturated flow in previous module)
Soil texture, make up of sand/silt/clay, don’t count gravel component
Effect of gravel component
Where to take sample
Basic hand texturing procedures
Trial hand texturing
Lab testing availability and basic knowledge of lab testing method
Recognize changes in soil horizons and understand effect on sewage system design.
Soils logging using various soils logs
Understand and apply the soil texture triangle.
Able to determine effluent-loading rate for a soil texture set in SPM.
Know what restricting/limiting layers are and able to recognize major characteristic.
Ability to recognize major soil characteristic and determine soil effluent loading rates or limitations.
Registration is now closed. Please see the training page for more opportunities.
|
<urn:uuid:bf17d6e8-d054-4f8c-9db5-c5be74293856>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.wcowma-bc.com/soils-field-day-workshop-available/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500825567.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021345-00283-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.847038 | 318 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The effort to get leaner is essentially a game of energy partitioning, or ensuring that most of the calories you consume are used to build and fuel muscles.
The Energy Partitioning Game
The effort to get leaner—a worthy goal for all athletes—is essentially a game of energy partitioning. Also called nutrient partitioning, energy partitioning refers to what becomes of the calories that enter your body in food. There are three main destinations of food calories in your body. They are as follow:
1) Protein calories are incorporated into muscle tissue.
2) Fat calories are delivered to fat tissue for long-term storage, or carbohydrate or protein calories are converted to fat calories and delivered to fat tissue for long-term storage.
3) Carbohydrate calories, and to a lesser extent fat and protein calories, are used to meet the body’s immediate and short-term energy needs.
If you want to become leaner, you need to shift the balance of energy partitioning in your body so that more protein calories are incorporated into your muscles, fewer calories are stored in your fat tissues, and more calories are used to supply your body’s immediate and short-term energy needs. This balance shift often can be achieved with little or no reduction in the total number of calories that enter your body. We’re really talking about sending calories to different destinations once they’ve entered your body, not about decreasing the number of calories that enter your body in the first place.
So then, how is this balance shift achieved? The most effective way to increase the number of protein calories that are incorporated into your muscles, to reduce the number of calories that are stored in your fat tissues, and to increase the number of calories that are used to supply your body’s immediate and short-term energy needs is exercise.
Exercise and Energy Partitioning
To see why, consider what happens to your body after a good workout. A good workout breaks down some of the proteins your muscles are made of as well as many of the carbohydrate molecules stored inside your muscles as a short-term fuel source. These effects of exercise trigger chemical changes that help your muscles rebuild their lost proteins and replenish their depleted carbohydrate fuel supply.
One set of chemical changes increases the level of insulin sensitivity in the muscles cells. Most people think of insulin as a hormone that facilitates fat storage. But insulin also facilitates storage of protein and carbohydrate in muscles. Whether insulin tends to store more fat in fat tissue or more protein and carbohydrate in muscle tissue depends in part on which tissue is more insulin sensitive. When a tissue is insulin sensitive, it has a big nutrient storage response to a small amount of insulin. When the muscle cells become more insulin sensitive after exercise, carbohydrate and protein calories from food are able to enter the muscle cells more easily.
A good workout also causes other chemical changes that affect the brain and fat tissues in important ways. For example, during exercise, the muscles and fat tissues release a special signaling molecule called IL-6. Increased levels of IL-6 in fat tissue during exercise causes stored fat molecules to be released and used for fuel. Increased levels of IL-6 in the brain after exercise causes the brain to direct food calories consumed in the post-workout period toward the muscles and away from fat tissue.
These crucial metabolic effects of exercise last for hours, and also lead to long-term changes in the body that enhance their effects even further. As a result, those who exercise every day, or almost every day, achieve an almost constant body state in which their muscles are hogging calories and their fat tissues are sacrificing “old” calories and being denied “new” calories.
Nutrition and Energy Partitioning
Winning the game of energy partitioning means creating a competition for calories in which your muscles always win and your fat tissues always lose.
While exercise is the most powerful way to favorably control energy partitioning, nutrition also makes a major contribution. Certain nutrients tend to promote muscle tissue growth, while others tend to inhibit or reduce body fat storage, and some even do both. By combining regular exercise with a diet that is based on these nutrients, you will maximize improvements in your body composition. We could write a whole book on the effects of various nutrients on muscle and fat tissue, but for our purposes it will suffice to highlight a few.
Nutrients That Promote Muscle Growth
There are three key nutrients that promote muscle growth: protein, essential fats, and simple carbohydrates (when consumed at the right times).
Protein is the main structural component of muscle tissue. It accounts for roughly 20 percent of muscle mass; the rest is mainly water. Muscles grow when protein is added to them. (When protein is added, water follows automatically.) Protein is the only macronutrient that contains nitrogen. Carbohydrate and fat do not. Therefore, eating protein is the only way to make more protein available to the muscles so they can grow.
Ten years ago the average person did not know much about essential fats. These days, essential fats are all over the news and commercial advertising. There’s good reason for all of this attention. The essential fats DHA and EPA cannot be synthesized from other fats inside the body, so they must be obtained in the diet. But the typical diet contains only a fraction of the amount of DHA and EPA that are needed for optimal health.
The essential fats are best known for improving heart health, in part by increasing the elasticity of blood vessels. A lesser known benefit of the essential fats is that they increase insulin sensitivity. When higher levels of essential fats are consumed, more essential fats are incorporated into cell membranes. Cell membranes containing more essential fats are more permeable, enabling nutrients and other materials to enter and exit the cell more easily. Increased consumption of essential fats improves insulin sensitivity by making insulin receptors in the cell membrane more responsive and by allowing the nutrients that insulin transports to enter the cell more easily.
When a diet providing optimal amounts of essential fats is combined with other healthy eating habits and regular exercise, insulin sensitivity in the muscle cells is maximized. This helps muscles grow and eat more body fat. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to obtain optimal amounts of DHA and EPA from regular foods every day. For this reason we recommend that you take a daily fish oil supplement.
Simple carbohydrates are sugars and starches that have relatively small molecular sizes. Most of them are digested and absorbed into the bloodstream as glucose quickly compared to complex carbohydrates. The fast absorption of simple carbohydrates can be a good thing or a bad thing, depending on when you consume them.
It’s best not to consume a lot of simple carbohydrates with your regular meals and snacks. If large amounts of quickly absorbed carbohydrates are consumed when they body does not need a lot of energy, the resulting spike in blood glucose will trigger the pancreas to release a large amount of insulin, which will transport much of the excess glucose to the liver for conversion to fat. But if simple carbohydrates are consumed when the body needs quick energy, this does not occur.
The best time to consume simple carbs is within an hour after exercise, when the muscles are insulin sensitive and need glucose to replenish depleted fuel stores. At this special time, the release of insulin caused by the rapid influx of glucose into the blood stream will create a nutrient stampede straight to the muscles. If you consume protein along with simple carbs at this time, the amino acid building blocks of these proteins will get caught up in the stampede, resulting in rapid muscle protein synthesis. Research has shown that the muscles build new proteins much faster after exercise when protein is consumed along with simple carbs than when protein is consumed alone, or with slower, complex carbs.
Nutrients That Inhibit or Reduce Fat Storage
There are four key nutrients that inhibit and reduce fat storage: protein, complex carbohydrates, fiber and calcium.
Protein does double duty in the energy partitioning game: it promotes muscle growth and reduces fat storage. Due to its nitrogen content, protein is not as easy for the body to convert into stored fat as carbohydrate or fat itself. The body prefers to use protein to support the muscles and other protein-containing tissues, especially when there is a high demand for protein in the body, which is the case when you exercise regularly or eat fewer calories than your body burns in a day. Studies have shown that dieters lose more fat and retain more muscle on a high-protein low-calorie diet than they do on a moderate-protein low-calorie diet.
Protein is also the most satiating macronutrient, so when you include enough protein in your meals and snacks you feel full faster, stay full longer, and consequently eat less throughout the day. And when you eat less, you store less fat. Research has found that men and women voluntarily eat fewer total calories each day on a high-protein diet than they do on a moderate-protein diet.
Complex carbohydrates are starches with a large chemical structure. All carbohydrates, simple and complex, are broken down to the simplest carbohydrate of all, glucose, through the digestive process. But complex carbohydrates are typically digested and absorbed into the liver and bloodstream as glucose more slowly than simple carbohydrates (although there are notable exceptions). The faster a carbohydrate consumed in food is absorbed as glucose, the more likely it is to be converted to, and stored as, fat. Complex carbohydrates are therefore less likely to add to your body fat stores.
Research has shown that men and women who get most of their dietary carbohydrate from complex carbs (found mainly in vegetables and whole grains) are leaner than those who get most of their carbohydrates from simple carbs (found mainly in refined grains and sugary foods). A recent study involving mice (whose diets can be controlled much more thoroughly than those of human subjects) makes the point very powerfully. For six months, one group of mice was fed a diet based on complex carbs, while the other was fed a diet based on simple carbs. At the end of six months, both groups of mice weighed the same, but those on the diet of simple carbs had twice as much body fat!
Dietary fiber helps you win the game of energy partitioning by literally getting in the way of fat storage. Fiber is an indigestible component of plant foods. (There are actually two major types of fiber: soluble fiber, which is partially digestible, and insoluble fiber, which is totally indigestible.) When you consume fiber, it takes up space in your stomach, providing a feeling of fullness that encourages you to stop eating, but unlike other nutrients that create fullness (specifically, protein, fat, and carbohydrate), fiber does so without contributing any calories to your body. It passes straight through your digestible system and is eliminated without ever becoming part of your body.
In addition to not being absorbed into your body, fiber also slows down the absorption of other nutrients. This effect also reduces fat storage, because food calories are most likely to be stored as fat when they are absorbed quickly. The best sources of fiber are fruits and vegetables. Whole grains are also a good source of fiber, but they contain more calories and less overall nutrition than fruits and vegetables.
When you think of calcium, you think of bones, not body fat. After all, 99 percent of the calcium in the body is stored in bone tissue. But fat tissue contains calcium, too, and research has shown that the amount of calcium present in fat tissue is an important regulator of fat storage. Simply put, the higher the calcium level in your fat cells, the less fat they store. The lower the calcium level in your fat cells, the more fat they store. The reason is that calcium reduces the activity of a hormone called calcitriol, which promotes fat storage
Studies have found that when overweight individuals who consume substantially less than the recommended daily calcium intake of 1,300 mg increase their calcium intake to the recommended level, the lose significant amounts of body fat. The best source of dietary calcium is, of course, dairy foods.
Nutrition article courtesy of PacificHealth Laboratories, makers of nutrition tools such as Accelerade, Accel Gel, Endurox R4, Endurox Excel and much more. For product information or to purchase products, please visit www.pacifichealthlabs.com.
Sign up for TrainingPeaks Athlete Edition Software
|
<urn:uuid:ab043125-cb9f-4b03-828b-8f343383214e>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://home.trainingpeaks.com/articles/nutrition/energy-partitioning.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00044-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943766 | 2,537 | 2.875 | 3 |
What Inspires you?
Provocative ideas are not new. Today there seems to be more resistance than ever to the status quo. Traditional methods in art, architecture, science and history are being challenged. Questions like, “Who needs a museum? “ or, ”Who says exhibits need to only be in a museum?” are asking us to find inspiration in new ways and places.
In this era of social media and self-publishing, it is true that exhibits no longer have to be held in traditional galleries or museums. In fact, social media allows artists to show their work instantly to a global audience. But even so, a scale issue remains that can only be resolved by seeing artwork in person. Pop-up exhibits are a great way of creating temporary—and quickly installed—art events for a very short period of time, with a low budget and little space. But what are they exactly and where does one find them?
The idea of pop-up exhibits began in New York City about 10 years ago (Du Cros & Joliffe, 2014), where gallery and museum space has always been scarce and held at a premium. Often found outside or in odd spaces, pop-up exhibits are less formal and less expensive to produce than traditional exhibits. Temporary art installations can be seen on building walls, on boats, or between buildings. Today, they are not only found in New York, but Chicago, Los Angeles, Paris and many other places around the world. Even in Kent and Columbus Ohio!
Tiny natural history museum in a Tribeca Elevator Shaft, 2014
Photograph: Jeremy Delgado
The underpinnings for pop-up exhibits can be traced to the Avant Garde movement of the early 20th century where art expression of the Dadaists were critiquing the status quo of the new industrial society. This group created a new relationship between artists and viewers which challenged viewers to think about what they are seeing rather than just being a passive observer. The work of these artists was cutting edge, innovative and unexpected. It was seen as the hallmark of Modernism where new forms of cultural expression were used to describe a changing world.
A parklet in Hall Street, Bondi Beach. Australia
Photograph: SAMA design
Pop-up exhibits take the idea of challenging the establishment even further. If the Avant Garde movement was a transition to modernism, where mainstream theories of cultural expression were being challenged in favor of new forms of expression, pop-up art can be seen as a nod to post-modernism, where all individuals are given a voice to challenge the status quo. Pop-up exhibits, then, are an expression of the moment; an individual reaction to surrounding circumstances. So today, as museums are seen as the decision-makers on trends and taste, pop-up exhibits can be viewed as individual truths that provoke or inspire us. In fact, pop-up exhibits can now be seen in all kinds of venues that include architecture, history and science. Performance art like flash mobs, tiny one-night restaurants, juice bars, parking spots with gardens and anything else you can imagine are literally popping up everywhere. Individual expression of the moment is here to stay. So go outside and discover new ideas… you never know where you are going to find new perspective or inspiration.
For more information on Pop-up Exhibits, click here.
Du Cros, H. and Joliffe, L. (30 May 2014). The Arts and Events (pp. 40-43). London: Routledge.
|
<urn:uuid:20993888-8344-4870-b32f-9ad2d276e3a5>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://www.themuselab.org/post/2018/02/01/what-inspires-you
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370508367.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402204908-20200402234908-00392.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96294 | 728 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Class: This is a programmer-defined datatype, which includes local functions as well as local data. You can think of a class as a template for making many instances of the same kind (or class) of object.
Object: An individual instance of the data structure defined by a class. You define a class once and then make many objects that belong to it. Objects are also known as instance.
Member Variable: These are the variables defined inside a class. This data will be invisible to the outside of the class and can be accessed via member functions. These variables are called attribute of the object once an object is created.
Member function: These are the function defined inside a class and are used to access object data.
Inheritance: When a class is defined by inheriting existing function of a parent class then it is called inheritance. Here child class will inherit all or few member functions and variables of a parent class.
Parent class: A class that is inherited from by another class. This is also called a base class or super class.
Child Class: A class that inherits from another class. This is also called a subclass or derived class.
Polymorphism: This is an object oriented concept where same function can be used for different purposes. For example function name will remain same but it make take different number of arguments and can do different task.
Overloading: a type of polymorphism in which some or all of operators have different implementations depending on the types of their arguments. Similarly functions can also be overloaded with different implementation.
Data Abstraction: Any representation of data in which the implementation details are hidden (abstracted).
Encapsulation: refers to a concept where we encapsulate all the data and member functions together to form an object.
Constructor: refers to a special type of function which will be called automatically whenever there is an object formation from a class.
Destructors: refers to a special type of function which will be called automatically whenever an object is deleted or goes out of scope.
|
<urn:uuid:a049b36a-5ce8-45d1-8c5b-34b5ffc7f6d5>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
http://phpcodez.com/object-oriented-concepts/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510319.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927171156-20230927201156-00151.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.928048 | 419 | 4.09375 | 4 |
The general purpose of any speech will be either to Inform; Motivate/Persuade; or Entertain your audience.
As soon as you know the general purpose of your speech you can develop your Specific Purpose Statement (What the speaker will accomplish). Your Specific Purpose Statement is used to develop your speech. You don't acutally say it in your speech.
Restrict your Specific Purpose to one idea only. In Speech 151 for the informative speech your general purpose is to inform. For an informative speech you will want to start your specific purpose statement with "I will inform my audience about...." A Specific Purpose Statement for an informative speech will be phrased much like the following statements. Click here for more examples of Specific Purposes, Central Ideas, and Main Points.
Informative speech specific purpose statements:
- I will inform my audience about the two major forms of hula.
- I will inform my audience about what lifegaurds do as part of their jobs.
When you have your specific purpose statement you are ready to compose your Thesis Statement/Central Idea (they are one in the same). This is the most important part of your speech. This is one sentence that encompasses the central idea of your speech.
Writing your thesis statement/central idea is a four step process:
The following are effective Thesis Statements/Central Ideas for the informative specific purpose statements above:
- Choose your topic
- Determine your general purpose
- Write your specific purpose statement
- Tie it all together by composing a clear concise thesis statement/central idea
"The two major forms of hula that have played an important role in Hawaiian history and have developed into unique dances are the Kahiko and 'Auana."
"Lifegaurding is a great way to spend your days on the beach, but the work includes training, teaching, and lots of practice making it more challenging than what you see on "Baywatch."
Your next step is to compose the main points of your speech. Main points are complete sentences that create a dialogue with your audience. With your main points you want to create questions in the mind of your audience. You will answer the question in your support of your main points. You make a claim in your main points and you support your claim in your subpoints, sub-subpoints, sub-sub-subpoints and so on.
The following are examples of Main points:
Specific Purpose: I will inform my audience about the two major forms of hula.
Central Idea: "The two major forms of hula that have played an important role in Hawaiian history and have developed into unique dances are the Kahiko and 'Auana."
Speech 151 students can find more examples of specific purpose statements and central ideas on pages of 240-251 of our text. You can also find examples of Main Points.
- (Main Point 1) "The ancient hula or Kahiko is a unique form of hula."
- (Main Point 2) "The Kahiko plays an improtant role in the history of Hawaii."
- (Main Point 3) "The 'Auana or modern hula has played an important role in Hawaiian history."
- (Main Point 4) "The 'Auana has developed into a unique form of dance and storytelling."
|
<urn:uuid:50b97311-9244-45e2-bff9-a37f9a86718b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
https://www.hawaii.edu/mauispeech/html/your_purpose.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818686034.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919202211-20170919222211-00635.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930834 | 679 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Spinel is one of the newest gemstones gaining its deserved fame in the market. There are no known treatments for this stone or any other Spinel. It has been around for thousand of years but until recently it was not correctly identified. In the past, before the arrival of modern science, spinel and ruby were equally known as ruby. After the 18th century the word ruby was only used for the red gem variety of the mineral corundum and the word spinel came to be used. Spinel is the new birthstone of August and it naturally comes in all colors of the spectrum. its name comes from Latin “spina” (arrow). And Balas ruby is an old name for the rose-tinted variety. “Balas” is derived from Balascia, the ancient name for Badakhshan, a region in central Asia situated in the upper valley of the Panj River, one of the principal tributaries of the Oxus River; Mines in the Badakhshan region (the Pamir Mountains of Himalayas) located in current Afghanistan and Tajikistan which has been for centuries the main source for top red and pink Spinel Spinel crystallizes in the isometric system; common crystal forms are octahedron, usually twinned with a hardness of 8 on Moh’s scale. Spinel gemstones are usually found in the same deposits as Ruby and Sapphire. Since these gemstones look almost identical they were mostly confused with each other. Some spinel are among the most famous gemstones: among them are the Black Prince’s Ruby and the “Timur ruby” in the British Crown Jewels, and the “Côte de Bretagne”, formerly from the French Crown jewels. Not before long these gems were believed to be ruby! The Samarian Spinel is the largest known spinel in the world, weighing 500 carats (100 g). When buying Spinel gemstones, look for stones that are clean and well cut. The most common inclusions inside Spinel gemstones are actually tiny little octahedron Spinel crystals.
|
<urn:uuid:b8c1126e-f490-434b-aaa4-d712bbc3c44e>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://himalayangem.com/product-category/spinel/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370524043.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200404134723-20200404164723-00412.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960007 | 439 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Digitalisation leads to better life in China
As China steps up its efforts to build a digital country, digital technologies are being widely applied, bringing dividends to more and more people.
The country has further consolidated the foundation of its digital industrialization and accelerated the process of industrial digitalization over the past ten years. China’s digital economy grew from 11 trillion yuan (US$1.58 trillion) in 2012 to 45.5 trillion yuan (US$6.53 trillion) last year. Today, digital technologies are reaching every corner of the country and are bringing profound changes to the lives of the Chinese people.
Over the past ten years, digitalization has made people’s lives easier.
From 2012 to 2021, internet penetration in China grew from 42.1 percent to 73 percent, with optical networks covering all prefectural-level cities. Besides, all administrative villages and villages lifted out of poverty across the country have broadband access.
As of the end of July, China had 475 million 5G mobile users. The country is home to the world’s largest 5G network.
Navigation apps that show real-time traffic information and estimated travel time, virtual fitting rooms that help you get the most fitted clothes you want when you shop online, and virtual museums where you can get close to valuable cultural relics at home… These scenarios have already become a part of the daily lives of the Chinese people.
With the leapfrog development of digital infrastructure, new technologies and business models have emerged, such as the sharing economy, online retail and mobile payment.
Digital construction developments are benefiting all aspects of society. Today, people order food by scanning QR codes and pay bills with facial recognition. Parking and garbage sorting are also made intelligent through digital technologies.
In rural areas, farmers are selling farm produce on livestream platforms, and digital technologies are turning traditional agriculture much smarter. More and more farmers are seeing increasing income thanks to digitalization.
Over the past ten years, digitalization has made services much more convenient for people.
Today, online and remote services are very prevalent in China. In south China’s Hainan province, 18 urban hospitals, 340 rural healthcare centres and 2,700 village clinics have been equipped with 5G telemedicine devices. These devices can reduce the average length of patient visits by three to five hours and improve hospitals’ efficiency by 30 percent.
China has established one of the world’s largest online education platforms and a national platform for medical insurance information. Over 90 percent of China’s counties and districts have access to telemedicine. During the past decade, digital technologies have made important contributions to narrowing the urban-rural and interregional gaps regarding social service resources.
Improvements in digital government services
China has made huge improvements in this area.Digital government is an important part of China’s digital construction efforts.
Applying digital technologies in government services is an effective measure to modernize the governance system and capability, as well as an inevitable choice for China to meet the public’s ever-growing demand for government services.
Mobile government service platforms are seen almost everywhere in the country, and people can have their errands done via a single website and in any province in the country. Nearly 90 percent of provincial-level administrative licenses can be applied online, and applicants can receive the licenses with only one visit to the relevant offices at most. The average processing time has been reduced by more than half.
According to a UN survey, China’s E-Government Development Index is the ninth highest in the world.
|
<urn:uuid:18732ee6-f778-467f-b0da-cdb04f355d64>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://innovationhongkong.com/gallery/digitalisation-leads-to-better-life-in-china/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643585.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528051321-20230528081321-00387.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939668 | 736 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Volume 1: No. 3, July 2004
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
|1||“Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: United States, 2001.”|
|2||“Overweight Among U.S. Children and Adolescents.” National Center for Health Statistics, 2002.|
|3||“Guidelines for Schools and Community Programs to Promote Lifelong Physical Activity Among Young People.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.|
|4||“CDC’s Guidelines for School and Community Programs: Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000.|
Students in grades 4 and 5
To convey to students and parents the benefits of being active: improved health; self-expression, aspirations for the future and fun; enhanced sense of well-being and social belonging; enhanced self-esteem and confidence.
These materials address components of the National Education Standards for Level II: Health
- Standard 7 — Knows how to maintain and promote personal health.
- Standard 3 — Understands the benefits and costs associated with participation in physical activity.
- Standard 4 — Understands how to monitor and maintain a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.
- Standard 5 — Understands the social and personal responsibility associated with participation in physical activity.
Show your class the five-minute video, Keep Moving, that shows kids how to be active throughout their day, have fun finding out what they like to do, and enjoy those things with their friends. Ask your students if they identify themselves with any of the kids seen in the video.
Prior to distributing the activity sheets to your students, discuss with them what kinds of activities they like to do. Take a tally to see which activities are the most popular. Ask students how often they do these activities, and with whom they do them.
It is important that all students participate, all ideas are welcome and students are encouraged to name more than sedentary behaviors like watching TV and playing video games.
VERB. Why you do it.
Background and Objective
This first student page focuses on the benefits of participating in physical activities such as sports and dance. Physical activities can be prosocial: in a club, group or on a team. This first lesson serves as a motivator for kids to get active. Some reasons for them to be active are:
Review with your class the reasons for getting active. Brainstorm what they do that is active and fun, who they do it with, what new things they have discovered that they like doing and how these things express who they are and what interests they have.
*Note: Competitive activities aren’t for everyone — as a matter of fact, competition can take the fun out of being active. Try to encourage a full range of activities so all children can have fun.
Encourage your students to get active — get their bodies and their minds moving. Children should be spending at least 60 minutes a day, at least five days a week, participating in a variety of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity individually, with friends or in an organized group. They should also consider participating in organized (or prosocial) activities such as painting, volunteering, playing in a marching band or singing. Organized (or prosocial) activities will help them build alliances with family, organized peer groups and conventional institutions, and will help to displace unhealthy, risky behavior.
*Note: Be supportive of your students’ efforts to get moving. If they find enjoyment from being active, it is more likely that they will incorporate activity into their lifestyle for the long-term.
What's your VERB?
Background and Objective
This page helps students develop a plan to discuss their VERBs.
After discussing the page as a class, talk about each student’s plan for getting active. Ask your students their main reasons for being active. How do they plan on reaching their goals? For example, if their goal is to do more things with their peers, they might join a local soccer team or take an after-school dance class.
Talk about the ideas for getting active found at the bottom of the activity page. Remind students that being active and finding their VERB doesn’t necessarily mean joining a sports team or paying to use an ice skating rink. Being active is about getting up and doing something fun — it can be as simple as volunteering, helping to clean up a park, taking a walk or jog with a parent or dancing in the living room with a friend.
Divide your students into groups and give each group some equipment (i.e., a basketball and 10 cones, a Frisbee® and a hula hoop, a football and two jump ropes, etc.). Ask students to develop a game using all of their equipment. Have groups demonstrate their games for the class.
*Note: Students with disabilities can also be active. Recognize their physical abilities and be creative. Visit www.americasathletes.org* or www.dsusa.org* for more information.
Teacher and Professional Sites
VERB. Where you do it.
Background and Objective
This page asks students to find information about where they can do the VERBs they like to do.
Students should look for community events and local organizations, including team sports, volunteer organizations, religious groups and after-school programs in their neighborhood. Give them time in class to find this information. Provide students access to conduct this research, such as the Internet, phone books, local newspapers and the library. After students have compiled their research, discuss the information as a class so that as many local organizations and facilities as possible are talked about and explored.
*Note: Consider inviting a representative from a local organization, such as Boys & Girls Clubs, YMCA, or Parks & Recreation, to talk to the class about activity options, and/or demonstrate activities in which students showed an interest.
Make a class chart, or have each student make their own chart, to keep track of how many times a week each student is active. When they are active twice a week, give each student a VERB sticker to keep them motivated. Other rewards for being active can include:
On the back of the teacher’s guide there is a reproducible letter for you to share with your students’ parents and guardians. It is very important to convey to parents the importance of activity in their child’s life, as well as the need for their support and encouragement. At the same time, we want to ensure that activity remains fun for kids. Therefore, we request that you distribute these letters to parents and guardians directly by mailing the letter home, sending it in a PTA distribution or with report cards or saving it for parent-teacher conferences.
To encourage parents to engage their children in positive activities, try these ideas.
VERB. It's what I do.
Background and Objective
This activity page will give your students the opportunity to think about the things they like to do and write about them.
Ask your students to list activities they like to do, new things that they’ve tried recently, new things they’d like to try and five active things that they’ve done this week. This activity page can serve as a template that can be used multiple times, so the students are constantly encouraged to try new things and keep active throughout the week.
You can also have students make their own VERB poster. Ask them to cut out magazine and newspaper clippings of their favorite ways to get active. Tell them to use verbs, or action words, associated with those activities to create a poster encouraging other people to get active. Display the posters in the hallways, gym and cafeteria.
Ask students to keep a journal of their activities. Hold weekly discussions on how many times a week your students are active, what new positive activities they are trying, where they are going to be active, etc. When a new activity or location is mentioned, ask that student to write it on a large index card and then decorate the card. Post these on a bulletin board as a reminder of all the possible activities that are out there for them to try.
Extension Ideas Curricula Links
Teachers and schools can also incorporate activity into learning.
Look for ideas to integrate activity and movement into your everyday lesson plans. It makes learning more fun, and will grab students’ attention. Try these fun ideas to get you started. They can be adapted across multiple areas of the curricula.
Go Fly A Kite
Teach your students about gravity, aerodynamics and wind by making and flying a kite. Visit the Australian Kite Association at www.aka.org.au* for more information on lesson links and instructions.
Convey the difference between Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy by giving students directives, such as march in place, take five steps forward, etc.
Give students, or groups of students, a verb such as twist, run, fly or groove, and ask them to list and demonstrate all of the activities and games that come to mind.
VERBs I Do
Ask each student to write his or her first name vertically down the page. For each letter, ask them to write a verb that relates to them.
Give each group of students a region of the United States. For each state in their region, they should list the kinds of activities that can be done given the state’s topography, climate, location, etc. As a class, discuss what the students came up with. For example: In how many states can you ski? Go swimming in the ocean? Take a dip in a lake?
Make index cards with questions and answers to any topic you are studying. Now, play freeze tag outside or in the gym. Start by asking three-quarters of your class to skip, hop, jog or leap around. The other quarter (wearing different colored shapes taped to their shirts for distinction) tags them frozen. In order to be released, they must answer a question asked by any tagger correctly. Switch the taggers every couple of minutes to give everyone a turn.5
5 Adapted from an activity on PE Central, www.pecentral.com.*
Have children count how many media messages (TV, radio, billboards, magazines, etc.) that they see in one day encouraging inactivity (promoting video games, marathon blocks of a TV show, etc.) compared to how many they see encouraging activity.
Dear Parents and Guardians,
Many adults and children alike can benefit from regular physical activity. How many hours a week does your child spend in front of the TV or computer screen? The answer is probably too much. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has created the VERB.™ campaign to encourage children ages 9–13 to get active in an exciting and safe way. It is also about getting involved with family and organizations like clubs, community groups and religious organizations.
Your child has been working on an in-school activity called VERB.™ It’s what you do. In School. In Action. as part of the VERB.™ It’s what you do. media campaign. Developed by Weekly Reader Custom Publishing in support of VERB, it encourages your child to discover new activities and new ways to have fun. By fitting positive activity into your child’s life you may help him or her stay out of unsafe or troublesome situations. You will also bring a special bond and element of fun to your family.
Children who are active often have higher self-esteem and confidence.1 This can help them as they grow older and start to make important decisions on their own. By being active, children also have better overall health and have less stress and anxiety.2 Children should try to be physically active for at least 60 minutes a day, five days a week, preferably every day.3
With your help and enthusiasm, your child and your family can become more active and healthier. Some ways to add positive activities to your child’s life include:
Try these ideas to get your family moving:
For more fun activity ideas and tips, check out these Web sites:
Don’t forget to check out the Web for community groups, parks and recreation, and religious groups for activities and ideas. A few Web sites that may be helpful are the YMCA (www.ymca.net*) and the Boys and Girls Clubs of America (www.bgca.org*).
|1||"Guidelines for Schools and Community Programs to Promote Lifelong Physical Activity Among Young People.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.|
|2||“Guidelines for Schools and Community Programs to Promote Lifelong Physical Activity Among Young People.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.|
|3||“CDC’s Guidelines for School and Community Programs: Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000.|
©2003 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Created by Weekly Reader Corporation.
*URLs for nonfederal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. URLs do not constitute an endorsement of any organization by CDC or the federal government, and none should be inferred. CDC is not responsible for the content of Web pages found at these URLs.
The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
This page last reviewed March 22, 2013
|
<urn:uuid:8141fa9c-7682-48bf-b28d-9e8401ec0aaf>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jul/04_0043c.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163932627/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133212-00097-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945416 | 2,869 | 4.1875 | 4 |
My shopping cart
Your cart is currently empty.Continue Shopping
National Robotics Week is an annual week dedicated to celebrate the US as a leader in robotics technology development. Currently, the week is in progress and is in its seventh year. More importantly than just celebrating advancements is the goal of educating the public as to how robotics technology impacts society both now and in the future. As there is a growing number of careers dedicated to STEM, there must be individuals to fill that role, which is primarily why the week seeks to increase funding for research and development while inspiring students to pursue careers in STEM related fields (National Robotics Week, 2016).
Over the last 10 years, there has been considerable progress in the area of robotics advancement. Just to provide an overview of what the decade has produced, check out the list below for a quick snapshot of the incredible breakthroughs scientists have made in technology in the last several yeras, more specifically in robotics technology (Ang, 2013):
The dedicated research scientists have conducted over the last several years is remarkable. To bring these robots “to life” takes a considerable amount of dedicated effort, innovation, and ingenuity. PCS wants kids to have their own opportunity to experience this kind of interaction and has done so through its development of their own robot, RiQ. RiQ is a great way to get students excited about robotics and to experiment with STEM. The last decade has brought tremendous promise in the field of robotics and it will be interesting (to say the least) as to what the future holds in this endeavor and so many other STEM fields.
National Robotics Week. (2016). Retrieved April 8, 2016, from http://www.nationalroboticsweek.org/
Ang, S. (2013, October 23). 14 robotics breakthroughs from the past decade. Retrieved April 8, 2016, from http://mashable.com/2013/10/23/robotics-breakthroughs/#srE9nLUWSiqU
Sign up for product alerts, webinar invitations, STEM resources & exclusive offers.Join
Speak with a STEM Program Specialist to find the best solutions for your environment.Find out
Take this website on the go with a catalog tuned to your STEM needs.Explore
See each course in action with a FREE sample of any product you're interested in.Sample
|
<urn:uuid:e98e0100-e345-4ca1-9f96-b484dd65c928>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://edventures.com/blogs/stempower/national-robotics-week-and-robots-of-the-past-and-present
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510529.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929222230-20230930012230-00186.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945098 | 479 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Islamic sources claim that there is historical evidence that an Islamic explorer visited America before Colombus and the Age of Discovery. An example. Columbus Was Not The First To Cross The Atlantic. ...
One of the initial motivations for the Europeans in sending exploration voyages was to find cheap spices. To be worth such expensive and risky mission, spices must have been worth a lot and must have ...
In the middle ages the square sail was used in the Atlantic cogs, whereas in the Mediterranean the lateen sail was used due to its more flexible use. The combination of both sails into one ship ...
Even if we ignore the millions of native Americans who lived in the continent before Columbus "discovered" it, even if we ignore other civilizations (eg: Polynesians, Phoenicians, Chinese, Arabs, ...
One thing that I always wondered is during the time where European powers were dividing up the world amongst themselves (1500-1900 roughly), why was it that Africa seemed to lag behind in ...
|
<urn:uuid:73be1c84-2ac8-47f4-9c75-0b9a1980ec88>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/age-of-discovery
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709135115/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125855-00053-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949819 | 202 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Recognizing Alzheimer’s Disease and the Need for Early Diagnosis and Treatment
by Diana Price
Did you know that every 66 seconds someone in the United States develops Alzheimer’s disease, and nearly half of them are already in the moderate-to-severe stage at the time of diagnosis?1 Despite being the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., Alzheimer’s disease has gained a reputation as an illness we can’t do anything about.2 As someone who has made this disease his life’s work, I’m calling for an end to the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of this disease.
Lack of attention to early Alzheimer’s disease is a tragedy, because there are things we can do to help people who are starting to experience memory loss, as well as the people who care for them. Although a cure does not exist, there are treatment options for people living with Alzheimer’s disease that can help to slow down the severity of their symptoms, especially if they are diagnosed early.
Barriers to Diagnosis
Unfortunately, people with Alzheimer’s disease are often not diagnosed early enough. A common barrier to early diagnosis is that primary care physicians often feel that their medical training left them inadequately prepared to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease early in its course, leading to missed diagnoses and, in turn, delayed treatment. By the time Alzheimer’s has been diagnosed, patients have often progressed into more severe stages of the illness, and this lost ground is impossible to regain.
It is critical that primary care doctors be trained to recognize the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, since effective treatments at the onset of symptoms are patients’ and their caregivers’ best hope for living a high-quality life despite their disease. We also need to educate the general public to look out for and detect early signs of Alzheimer’s disease, so that they can seek a diagnosis from a healthcare professional as early as possible.
Available Treatment Options
Many of my patients and their caregivers are eagerly waiting and hoping for a cure to become available, but with each passing day, patients’ mental states continue to deteriorate. Less than one percent of drugs developed for Alzheimer’s disease have successfully advanced to FDA approval, and many people living with Alzheimer’s disease are not using treatments that are currently available on the market.1, 3, 4 This is time that Alzheimer’s patients simply cannot afford to waste. While there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, current treatments have been shown to help slow the progression of symptoms for a while. Early diagnosis and treatment could help many of the 5.5 million Americans, and the 50 million people worldwide, who are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease.
The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregivers
It’s important to recognize that Alzheimer’s disease has a profound effect not only on the people living with the condition, but also on more than 15 million people in the U.S. who are caring for them.1 These caregivers often neglect their own health needs and incur substantial emotional, financial, and physical difficulties in order to provide close attention to their loved ones. They are faced with a multitude of obligations – from tracking medications and balancing checkbooks to assisting with bathing needs and other everyday functions. The emotional and economic burden of caregiving is enormous, with one out of every two primary caregivers developing major depression, and the annual cost of care estimated at $230 billion in the U.S. alone in 2016.5
Properly diagnosing individuals as early as possible and making sure they take adequate doses of medication — and stick with them — can help preserve and maintain cognitive function. Sadly, these relatively simple measures are too often not applied because of the misconceptions surrounding the treatment of Alzheimer’s. It’s time to put aside such mistaken beliefs and take action to alleviate the burden imposed by this terrible disease, before it’s too late for patients and their caregivers.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Alzheimer’s Among Women
An Interview with Maria Shriver
Did you know there are more than five million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease, and that number is estimated to jump to 16 million by 2050 as people live longer and baby boomers reach the age when they are more at risk of the disease. What is perhaps even more disturbing is that this brain disease discriminates against women, yet the reason for this discrepancy between the genders is not well understood. Two out of three people with Alzheimer’s are women, and women in their 60s are twice as likely to develop Alzheimer’s as they are to develop breast cancer in their lifetime.(1,2)
“Genetics is part of the equation when calculating who is at risk, but studies are also starting to show that lifestyle changes in early to mid-adulthood may be a factor,” says Joshua Grill, co-director of University of California at Irvine’s Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND). “Data from new studies suggests that smoking, obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol might be linked to the disease.”(3)
Scientists are starting to investigate how physical exercise, getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet and staying cognitively active may be critical not only for body health but also brain health. The brain—the most vascular organ in humans—uses 20 percent of the body’s blood oxygen, and healthy lifestyle choices increase blood flow and decrease inflammation, says Grill. This may shed light on why today’s aging female population is more at risk.(4,5)
“Women in previous generations may not have had the same opportunities as women today for a college education, challenging careers, and physical exercise, and those lifestyle differences could increase the risk of developing the disease,” Grill says.
To support women-based Alzheimer’s research, UCI MIND recently announced a partnership with The Women’s Alzheimer’s Movement (WAM), a non-profit organization founded by Maria Shriver, the award-winning journalist and former First Lady of California. Historically, studies about Alzheimer’s disease have not focused specifically on men or women. The initiative will enable researchers from UCI MIND to apply for funding to collect preliminary data about the role of sex and gender in the disease. “This will give researchers the start they need to apply for larger grants from the NIH,” Grill says.
UCI MIND is one of only 30 NIH-funded Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers in the United States, and Shriver talked to Women about why she’s dedicated herself to supporting gender-based research in this field and why her non-profit is committed to supporting partnerships like the one with UCI MIND.
How did you become interested in Alzheimer’s disease?
My father was diagnosed with the disease, and as a result, he passed away in 2011. Since then, it’s been my mission to advocate for the millions of families affected and do everything I can to demand answers about this disease that robs people of their minds. I’ve spent the past 14 years fighting on the front lines as an activist and as a journalist, using my voice to raise awareness and to push researchers, scientists, politicians, and other influential leaders to make this issue a public health priority.
What are some common misconceptions about the disease?
Most people don’t understand their risk for Alzheimer’s disease. We did a national survey in November 2017 with the Bipartisan Policy Center and it revealed that there is a huge crisis of awareness in America. The survey showed that the majority of Americans think that if they don’t have a family history of Alzheimer’s, then they are not at risk of getting the disease. That’s just not true. We also found that many Americans believe that if Alzheimer’s runs in their family, then they are guaranteed to get it and think there is nothing they can do to avoid it. That’s also not true. Your genes are not your destiny. We’re coming to learn more and more that lifestyle choices can, in fact, improve your brain health. No one thing is a “cure all,” but leading a healthy life—which includes a nutrient-rich diet, exercise, meditation, sleep and social connection—is important to keeping our brains healthy as we age. Through my work with my nonprofit, The Women’s Alzheimer’s Movement, we are doing everything we can to make people aware of brain health and the issue of Alzheimer’s. I am really excited about the number of people who are waking up to this issue and beginning to recognize that caring for their brains is just as important as caring for their bodies. The two are definitely connected.
What are some things you do personally to promote brain health?
I have certainly taken steps to exercise more frequently, to avoid sugar in my diet, to get enough rest, and to meditate every morning. It’s not always easy—especially putting down the sweets—but I’m definitely aware now of the importance of making these changes. My children are very aware of it now as well, and they’re often the ones reminding me to keep up this brain-healthy lifestyle.
Why do you feel it’s important to study women with Alzheimer’s disease?
Every 66 seconds, a new brain develops Alzheimer’s in America. Two-thirds of those brains belong to women, and no one knows why that is. That’s unacceptable to me, and that’s why it’s important to make gender-based research a priority. This partnership aims to do research that helps us get closer to answering the important question of why more women get Alzheimer’s than men. By figuring this out, my hope is that we will get closer to a treatment or cure for all minds.
What are some of the things we already know about gender differences related to the disease?
Researchers who are focused on this issue are looking at a number of different factors, including hormones and the X chromosome, as well as how depression, stress, and inflammation affect women differently than men. That’s just to name a few things. There’s a lot we still don’t know about what makes women more vulnerable to Alzheimer’s, but that’s why I’m pushing for scientists and researchers to make women’s brains a focal point of their research.
What is your hope for the future related to Alzheimer’s disease?
I hope we find a cure and wipe it out for good. I’m optimistic we can do that within our lifetime. This is the only major disease for which there is no cure. And it’s one of the most expensive diseases. It’s set to bankrupt our country if we don’t make tackling it a national priority. My goal for the future through The Women’s Alzheimer’s Movement is to make more women aware of their increased risk for this disease and to educate everyone—men and women—about what they can do to lead a brain-healthy life. This June, we will be hosting Move For Minds, a month-long initiative in the U.S., Canada and the U.K. that aims to teach people how to make their minds and their cognitive health a priority. Funds raised from Move For Minds will go toward supporting gender-based research and advancing our understanding of this mysterious and complex disease.
How can women help spread awareness surrounding Alzheimer’s disease?
We have to serve as reporters of this vital information. We have to pass it forward to our families, to our communities, to our schools, to our churches, to our workplaces—anywhere we have an audience. Too many people just don’t know the facts. Many women don’t know that they are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s than men, and most Americans don’t realize that the disease starts to form in the brain 20 to 30 years before symptoms appear. That’s why it’s so critical we start taking action to better our health now. That’s why time is of the essence to wipe out this mind-blowing disease. Get educated and spread this knowledge to others.
Alzheimer’s Prevention - What You Need to Know
by David Borenstein MD, Medical Editor
It is sad to lose a family member or a close friend to a disease, and it may even be worse when you lose them when they’re still alive. They’re living, but their mind is gone: this is the reality of dementia. The toll it takes on the individual is devastating, but it is also disheartening for the people who care for that person.Alzheimer’s disease has the potential to become an epidemic. We need to find ways to prevent this disease. Luckily, clinical trials are under way to find ways to stop this illness in its earliest phases. Here, Laurie Ryan, PhD, provides background about the disease and answers questions about Alzheimer’s disease risk, lifestyle factors, and clinical trials.
Q&A with Laurie Ryan, PhD Chief of the Dementias of Aging Branch in the Division of Neuroscience National Institute on Aging
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, which is a progressive loss of cognitive motor function that occurs as the brain—the central nervous system— deteriorates. Alzheimer’s disease predominantly affects adults over 65 years of age.
What causes Alzheimer’s disease?
Alzheimer’s is a complex disease, and there are genetic, cardiovascular, and many other risks factors that can put a person on the pathway to potentially developing the disease. Though we have come to understand a lot more about what those risk factors are, and we can pinpoint some of the changes that occur over a decade or more in the brain before the dementia starts, we don’t know absolutely what the cause is at this point. We have a much better understanding now, but we don’t have a specific cause.
Can you provide an example of a current topic of research sponsored by the National Institute on Aging related to Alzheimer’s prevention?
One focus of current research is amyloid, which is a protein that builds up in the brain and causes plaques to develop. The development of these amyloid plaques is an early indication of Alzheimer’s—it builds up as much as a decade before dementia sets in. It has become a target of prevention trials, to see if we can stop the buildup of this protein before it progresses to cause dementia. Prior research has shown us that targeting amyloid later in disease progression has not been effective in slowing Alzheimer’s, but current studies are aiming to discover if early intervention might be able to stop the buildup of the protein and slow progression. Several prevention trials are ongoing related to anti-amyloid therapies.
The media often reports on research into how lifestyle factors may affect brain health—and Alzheimer’s, in particular. What do we know about the impact that lifestyle factors might have on the development of dementia?
The impact of lifestyle factors on brain health is an ongoing area of research; there have been observational and animal studies related to the role these factors may play in prevention, and other, larger trials are also under way. Some of these results are encouraging. For instance, studies have shown that exercise and maintaining physical activity as we age is good for brain health; information is also emerging about the role that sleep plays in cognitive function; diet can also be a factor, as can remaining mentally active as we age. Although there is also some information available about the potential benefit of specific foods—caffeine and chocolate, for example—we don’t yet have enough information to know the extent of the impact. As with all lifestyle recommendations, moderation is key; a healthy lifestyle is certainly a benefit in many ways.
What should we know about the role that clinical trials play in Alzheimer’s research?
We cannot make these important discoveries into the causes and potential treatments without clinical trials, wherein volunteers—individuals and families—commit to participating in research studies. There are great resources to learn more about clinical trials, which offer opportunities to contribute to research for both healthy people and those already diagnosed with Alzheimer’s.
More Information About Alzheimers
- More About Alzheimers
- National Institute on Aging website (nia.nih. gov/alzheimers)
- The Alzheimer’s Association website (alz.org).
- “What is Alzheimer’s?” Alzheimer’s Association. . Accessed April 18, 2017.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Deaths from Alzheimer’s Disease – United States, 1999-2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 26 May, 2017.
- Cummings JL, Morstorf T, Zhong K. Alzheimer’s disease drug-development pipeline: few candidates, frequent failures. Alzheimers Res Ther. 20 14;6(4):37.
- Blutstein T, Kumar N, Searles JW; for the Decision Resources Group. Alzheimer’s disease: analyzing and forecasting the commercial outlook of drugs on the market and in research and development. Burlington, MA: Decision Resources Group; 2015.
- “2017 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures.” Alzheimer’s Association. . Accessed April 18, 2017.
- The Alzheimer’s Association. Available at:
- The Alzheimer’s Association. Available at:
- Gottesman, RF, et al., Association between midlife vascular risk factors and estimated brain amyloid deposition, Journal of the American Medical Association, 2017 Apr; 317(14):1443-1450. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3090. Available at:
- Morris MC, et al., Nutrients and bioactives in green leafy vegetables and cognitive decline: Prospective study, Neurology, 2018 Jan 16;90(3):e214-e222. Available at:
- Sprecher, KE, et. al., Poor sleep is associated with CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology in cognitively normal adults, Neurology, 2017 Aug 1;89(5):445-453. Available at .
|
<urn:uuid:a7ba64f3-40ce-4821-9851-40f4189907d5>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://mavendoctors.io/women/health-conditions/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-alzheimer-s-_XUbc8q_D0WsL04U3YL-dg
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145282.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20200220193228-20200220223228-00063.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949377 | 3,860 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Very Unusual Tornado Record For Iowa
Up until the outbreak of tornadoes that tore through five Midwestern states on Sunday and Monday morning, Iowa hadn’t recorded a single tornado in almost a year, and that’s very unusual for a state that averages about 35 a year.
Before last week’s tornadoes in north Texas that killed six people, this country had recorded the second-fewest number of fatalities in the last 125 years.
The central and southern United States is prone to some of the most destructive tornadoes in the world. Averaging about 1,200 a year, there are more tornadoes in this country than any other country in the world.
Any guess what state has the most tornadoes? It’s Florida. They are more prone to tornadoes than any other state but the ones they have rarely approach the power of those in the central states.
Kansas, Iowa, Oklahoma, Texas and Alabama are the states hit with the most destructive tornadoes – EF5’s with winds over 200 miles an hour.
Tornadoes can occur anytime of the year but the peak months in the southern states are March thru May while tornadoes in northern states usually come in the summer.
Here in Buffalothe National Weather Service has verified a total of 19 tornadoes since 1950 in the months April thru September. In the 63 years since records have been kept there have been a total of four tornadoes each in the months of June and August. There’s never been a tornado in the months October thru March.
|
<urn:uuid:14cb4576-5f54-4bcf-94ce-67f4078041aa>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://wyrk.com/very-unusual-tornado-record-for-iowa/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320040.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623082050-20170623102050-00594.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958311 | 321 | 2.921875 | 3 |
First photo: University of Hawaii Maui College students Kai Fernandez (left) and Swan Kahookele help place 2,000 placards that symbolize the 1897 Ku'e Petitions on Thursday morning on the Great Lawn of the college. The petition, which contained about 40,000 signatures, was submitted to the U.S. Congress and opposed the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. When workers were finished setting up the display, Kaleikoa Kaeo, associate professor of Hawaiian studies at the college, spoke to an audience of around 100 about the petitions' significance. "The purpose of today's gathering is of education and to commemorate what occurred over a hundred years ago," he said. "But for me it's to celebrate the fact that Hawaiians today are still crying out for justice." The display will remain on campus through Saturday.
Second photo: Ohua Morando, director of the Na Pua No'eau program for gifted and talented Native Hawaiian students at the college, portrays Emma Nawahi in a re-enactment of a Hui Aloha Aina meeting in 1897 in Hilo by Native Hawaiians opposed to the annexation of Hawaii. The account of the meeting was based on a newspaper article, headlined "Strangling Hands upon a Nation's Throat," published in The San Francisco Call. The article was the only published Hui Aloha Aina meeting of Native Hawaiian women, such as Nawahi, who opposed the annexation of Hawaii.
The Maui News CHRIS SUGIDONO photo
|
<urn:uuid:d2280ed5-3ebf-46a9-b124-9d28926da326>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://mauinews.com/page/content.detail/id/569012/-Still-crying-for-justice-.html?nav=10
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699036375/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101036-00079-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96237 | 314 | 2.90625 | 3 |
|Part of the Pacific War of World War II|
Troops of the Imperial Japanese Army crouch on a street in Johor Bahru in the final stages of the Malayan campaign
Kuomintang of Malaya
Communist Party of Malaya
Young Malays Union
|Commanders and leaders|
Archibald Paris †
Arthur Barstow †
Tom Phillips †
Conway Pulford †
Leong Yew Koh
Far East Command[a]|
RAF Far East
East Indies Fleet
South Expeditionary Army |
Royal Thai Police
Young Malays Union
810 artillery pieces
208+ anti-tank and anti-aircraft guns
54 fortress guns[c]
15,400+ motor vehicles[e]
440+ artillery pieces
|Casualties and losses|
130,246 (Including the casualties of the Battle of Singapore)|
~120,000+ captured or missing
9,657 (Including the casualties of the Battle of Singapore)|
30+ tanks destroyed
108–331 aircraft damaged or destroyed
|History of Malaysia|
The Malayan campaign, referred to by Japanese sources as the Malay Operation (馬来作戦, Maree Sakusen), was a military campaign fought by Allied and Axis forces in Malaya, from 8 December 1941 – 15 February 1942 during the Second World War. It was dominated by land battles between British Commonwealth army units and the Imperial Japanese Army, with minor skirmishes at the beginning of the campaign between British Commonwealth and Royal Thai Police. The Japanese had air and naval supremacy from the opening days of the campaign. For the British, Indian, Australian, and Malayan forces defending the colony, the campaign was a total disaster.
The operation is notable for the Japanese use of bicycle infantry, which allowed troops to carry more equipment and swiftly move through thick jungle terrain. Royal Engineers, equipped with demolition charges, destroyed over a hundred bridges during the retreat, yet this did little to delay the Japanese. By the time the Japanese had captured Singapore, they had suffered 9,657 casualties; Allied losses totaled 130,246, including around 7,500 to 8,000 killed, 11,000+ wounded and 120,000+ missing or captured.
By 1941 the Japanese had been engaged for four years in trying to subjugate China. They were heavily reliant on imported materials for their military forces, particularly oil from the United States. From 1940 to 1941, following the Japanese takeover of French colonies the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands imposed embargoes on supplying oil and war materials to Japan. The object of the embargoes was to assist the Chinese and encourage the Japanese to halt military action in China. The Japanese considered that pulling out of China would result in a loss of face and decided instead to take military action against US, British and Dutch territories in South East Asia. The Japanese forces for the invasion were assembled in 1941 on Hainan Island and in French Indochina. This troop build-up was noticed by the Allies and, when asked, the Japanese advised that it related to its operations in China.
When the Japanese invaded, they had over 200 tanks, consisting of the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, Type 97 Chi-Ha and Type 89 I-Go medium tanks and Type 97 Te-Ke tankettes. In support they had nearly 800 aircraft available. Commonwealth troops were equipped with the Lanchester 6x4 Armoured Car, Marmon-Herrington Armoured Car, Universal Carrier and only 23 obsolete Mk VIB light tanks (in the 100th Light Tank Squadron of the Indian Army), none of which were sufficiently armed for armoured warfare. They had just over 250 combat aircraft; half of these would be lost in the first few days of combat.
Main article: Singapore strategy
Between the wars, the British military strategy in the Far East was undermined by a lack of attention and funding. In 1937, Major-General William Dobbie, General Officer Commanding (GOC) Malaya (1935–39), looked at Malaya's defences and reported that during the monsoon season, from October to March, landings could be made by an enemy on the east coast and bases could be established in Siam (Thailand). He predicted that landings could be made at Songkhla and Pattani in Siam, and Kota Bharu in Malaya. He recommended large reinforcements to be sent immediately. His predictions turned out to be correct, but his recommendations were ignored. The British government's plans relied primarily on the stationing of a strong fleet at the Singapore Naval Base in the event of any enemy hostility, in order to defend both Britain's Far Eastern possessions and the route to Australia. A strong naval presence was also thought to act as a deterrent against possible aggressors.
By 1940, however, the army commander in Malaya, Lieutenant-General Lionel Bond, conceded that a successful defence of Singapore demanded the defence of the whole peninsula, and that the naval base alone would not be sufficient to deter a Japanese invasion. Military planners concluded that the desired Malayan air force strength would be 300–500 aircraft, but this was never reached because of the higher priorities in the allocation of men and material for Britain and the Middle East.
The defence strategy for Malaya rested on two basic assumptions: first, that there would be sufficient early warning of an attack to allow for reinforcement of British troops, and second, that American help was at hand in case of attack. By late 1941, after Lieutenant-General Arthur E. Percival had taken over as GOC Malaya, it became clear that neither of these assumptions had any real substance. In addition, Churchill and Roosevelt had agreed that in the event of war breaking out in South East Asia, priority would be given to finishing the war in Europe. The east, until that time, would be a secondary priority. Containment was considered the primary strategy in the east.
See also: F Kikan
Planning for this offensive was undertaken by the Japanese Military Affairs Bureau's Unit 82 based in Taiwan. Intelligence on Malaya was gathered through a network of agents which included Japanese embassy staff; disaffected Malayans (particularly members of the Japanese-established Tortoise Society); and Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese business people and tourists. Japanese spies, which included a British intelligence officer, Captain Patrick Stanley Vaughan Heenan, also provided intelligence and assistance.
Prior to hostilities Japanese intelligence officers like Iwaichi Fujiwara had established covert intelligence offices (or Kikans) that linked up with the Malay and Indian pro-independence organisations such as Kesatuan Melayu Muda in Malaya Indian Independence League. The Japanese gave these movements financial support in return for their members providing intelligence and later assistance in determining Allied troop movements, strengths, and dispositions prior to the invasion.
Through the operation of these networks prior to the invasion the Japanese knew where the Commonwealth forces were based and their unit strengths, had good maps of Malaya, and had local guides available to provide them with directions.
In November 1941 the British became aware of the large scale buildup of Japanese troops in French Indo-China. Thailand was seen to be under threat from this build-up as well as Malaya. British strategists had foreseen the possibility of Thailand's Kra isthmus being used by the Japanese to invade Malaya. To counteract this potential threat, plans for a pre-emptive invasion of southern Thailand, named Operation Matador, had been drawn up. By the time the invasion became highly likely the British decided not to use them for political reasons.
Main article: Battle of Kota Bharu
The Malayan campaign began when the 25th Army, under the command of Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita, invaded Malaya on 8 December 1941. Japanese troops launched an amphibious assault on the northern coast of Malaya at Kota Bharu and started advancing down the eastern coast of Malaya. The Japanese 5th Division also landed at Pattani and Songkhla in Thailand, then moved south into western Malaya. French Indo-China was still under French administration, and had little option but to co-operate with the Japanese. The French authorities therefore submitted to the Japanese military using the territory's ports as naval bases, building air bases, and massing forces there for the invasion. Japan also coerced Thailand into co-operating with the invasion, though Thai troops resisted the landings in Thai territory for eight hours.
At 04:00, 17 Japanese bombers attacked Singapore, the first ever air raid on the colony. It became evident to the British that Japanese bombers based in Indochina were now within range of Singapore.
The Japanese were initially resisted by III Corps of the Indian Army and several British Army battalions. The Japanese quickly isolated individual Indian units defending the coastline, before concentrating their forces to surround the defenders and force their surrender. The Japanese forces held a slight advantage in numbers in northern Malaya and were significantly superior in close air support, armour, co-ordination, tactics, and experience, having fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Allies had no tanks, which had put them at a severe disadvantage. The Japanese also used bicycle infantry and light tanks, which allowed swift movement of their forces overland through terrain covered with thick tropical rainforest, criss-crossed by native paths. Although the Japanese had not brought bicycles with them (to speed the disembarkation process), they knew from their intelligence that suitable machines were plentiful in Malaya and quickly confiscated what they needed from civilians and retailers.
A replacement for Operation Matador, named Operation Krohcol by British Indian Army, was implemented on 8 December, but the troops were easily defeated by the Royal Thai Police and the Japanese 5th Division. Force Z of the Royal Navy (battleship HMS Prince of Wales, battlecruiser HMS Repulse, and four destroyers, under the command of Admiral Sir Tom Phillips) had arrived right before the outbreak of hostilities. Japanese aircraft based in Indochina sank Prince of Wales and Repulse on 10 December, leaving the east coast of Malaya exposed, allowing the Japanese to continue their invasion.
As a lower-priority theatre, the Allies had comparatively few modern aircraft to challenge the Japanese. In addition the Allies did not consider Japanese aircraft a significant threat. In 1941 the Allies assumed that Japan would only have a few hundred poor quality outdated aircraft. The respected Janes All the World's Aircraft for 1941 indicated that the Japanese only had a cluster of dated foreign and indigenous aircraft. Japanese pilots were also underrated, considered unlikely to make particularly good pilots.
Prior to the invasion on 8 December there were 75 Allied aircraft stationed in northern Malaya and 83 in Singapore. The only fighter squadron in northern Malaya was No 21 Squadron RAAF that was equipped with 12 Brewster Buffalos. The Japanese had at least 459 aircraft available.
The Japanese Navy's 22nd Air Flotilla (22nd Kōkū-Sentai) with 110 aircraft and commanded by Vice Admiral Matsunaga Sadaichi operating out of three air bases near Saigon took part in the initial attacks on Malaya.
The 22nd Air Flotilla included the 22nd (Genzan), Bihoro, and Kanoya Air Groups (or Kōkūtai). They were equipped with 33 Type 96 Mitsubishi G3M1 'Nell' bombers. The Air Flotilla also had 25 Type 96 Mitsubishi A5M4 'Claude' fighters available. The Genzen Air Group was a key participant in the sinking of the British capital ships HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse off the coast of Malaya on 10 December 1941, losing one aircraft and its crew during the battle. On 22 January 1942, bombers from the Genzan Air Group attacked Kallang Airport in Singapore, and subsequently provided air support for Japanese offensives in Malaya including the landings at Endau.
The Japanese 3rd Air Corps (飛行集団, Hikō Shudan) and three Air Combat Groups (飛行戦隊, Hikō Sentai) of the 5th Air Corps took part in the Malaya Campaign. In total there were 354 Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (IJAAS) first line aircraft involved together with the 110 Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) aircraft. The Army units were variously equipped with fighters: Nakajima Ki-27 Nate, Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar, Mitsubishi Ki-51 Sonia; bombers: Kawasaki Ki-48 Lily, Mitsubishi Ki-21 Sally, Mitsubishi Ki-30 Ann; and reconnaissance: Mitsubishi Ki-15 Babs, Mitsubishi Ki-46 Dinah.
Most Japanese pilots of the IJAAS units and at least a quarter of the IJNAS pilots had combat experience against the Chinese and the Soviets. They were all very well trained.
Prior to the commencement of hostilities the Allies in Malaya and Singapore had four fighter squadrons: 21 and 453 RAAF, 243 RAF, and 488 RNZAF. They were equipped with the Brewster Buffalo, a plane that aviation historian Dan Ford characterized as pathetic. Its engine had fuel starvation problems and poor supercharger performance at higher altitudes. Maneuverability was poor and the engine tended to overheat in the tropical climate, spraying oil over the windscreen. In service, some effort was made to improve performance by removing the armour plate, armoured windshields, radios, gun camera, and all other unnecessary equipment, and by replacing the .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns with .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns. The fuselage tanks were filled with a minimum of fuel and run on high-octane aviation petrol where available.
The remaining offensive aircraft consisted of four RAF squadrons of Bristol Blenheim MkI and MKIV light bombers (27, 34, 60, 62 Squadrons), two RAAF squadrons (1 and 8) of Lockheed Hudsons, and two RAF squadrons of Vickers Vildebeest biplane torpedo bombers (36 and 100). The Vildebeests were obsolete and due to be replaced by modern Bristol Beaufort torpedo bombers. No 36 Squadron had some Fairey Albacore biplanes. There were also two Consolidated Catalina flying boats of 205 Squadron and three Catalinas from the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force at Singapore.
The squadrons were beset by numerous problems including inadequate spare parts and a lack of support staff, airfields that were difficult to defend against air attack with no early warning of impending attacks, a lack of a clear and coherent command structure, a Japanese spy in the Army air liaison staff ( Patrick Stanley Vaughan Heenan), and antagonism between RAF and RAAF squadrons and personnel. The Japanese through their network of informants knew the strength and disposition of Allied aircraft before they invaded.
Many of the pilots lacked adequate training and experience. For example, 20 of the original 169 Buffalos were lost in training accidents during 1941. Those fighter pilots with experience had been trained in methods that were very effective against German and Italian fighters but suicide against the acrobatic Japanese Nakajima Ki-43 "Oscar" and Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" fighters. A counter tactic of avoiding dog fights with a 'slash and run' attack was developed by Lieutenant-General Claire Lee Chennault of the Flying Tigers but was too late for the Allied pilots serving in this campaign. Two days before the attack on Malaya, Hudsons of No 1 Squadron RAAF spotted the Japanese invasion fleet but, given uncertainty about the ships' destination and instructions to avoid offensive operations until attacks were made against friendly territory, Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, Commander-in-Chief of British Far East Command, did not allow the convoy to be bombed.
On the first day, the focus of the Japanese air assault was on the Allied air bases. Mitsubishi Ki-21 Sallys from the 7th Hikodan bombed the airfields at Alor Star, Sungai Petani, and Butterworth. A total of 60 Allied aircraft were lost on the first day, primarily on the ground. Those Allied fighters that did manage to engage the Japanese performed adequately against the Nakajima Ki-27 "Nate". However, the appearance of ever greater numbers of Japanese fighters, including markedly superior types such as the Nakajima Ki-43 "Oscar" soon overwhelmed the Buffalo pilots, both in the air and on the ground.
While contesting the Japanese landings on Malaya, Hudsons from No. 1 Squadron RAAF based at Kota Bharu became the first aircraft to make an attack in the Pacific War, sinking Japanese transport ship Awazisan Maru, while also damaging Ayatosan Maru and Sakura Maru off the coast of Kota Bharu, for the loss of two Hudsons, at 0118h local time (an hour before the attack on Pearl Harbor). The Squadron was transferred to Kuantan the following day.
By 9 December, Japanese fighters were operating out of Singora and Patani, Thailand, and Kota Bharu airfield was in Japanese hands. The Allies tried to attack Singora airfield. The bombers were intercepted on take-off by a Japanese raid which disabled or shot down all but one. The sole surviving bomber, a Bristol Blenheim flown by Arthur Scarf, did manage to bomb Singora. No 62 squadron had been moved from Alor Star to Butterworth, and on 10 December it was moved to Taiping.
On 10 December, No 21 Squadron RAAF was withdrawn from Sungai Petani to Ipoh, where it was joined on 13 December by No 453 Squadron RAAF. No 453 Squadron had been sent to protect Force Z on 10 December, but arrived after the warships were sinking. On 15 December both Squadrons were pulled back to Kuala Lumpur, receiving replacement aircraft for those shot down or destroyed. Within the first week of the campaign the Japanese had established air superiority. On 19 December the bombers were moved to Singapore, with No 62 Squadron being re-equipped with Hudsons.
One pilot—Sergeant Malcolm Neville Read of No. 453 Squadron RAAF—sacrificed himself by ramming his Buffalo into an Oscar of 64th Sentai over Kuala Lumpur on 22 December.
Continued Japanese dominance eventually forced both Squadrons back to Singapore on 24 December, where they were merged until more replacement aircraft could be obtained. No 64 Squadron had run out of aircraft and its surviving ground-crew and airmen were shipped to Burma. RAAF No 1 and No 8 squadrons were amalgamated due to aircraft losses. This left the Allied ground troops and shipping completely open to air attack and further weakened the defensive position. The Genzan Air Group sank Prince of Wales and Repulse on 10 December, which also established Japanese naval supremacy. In comparison, the Japanese army enjoyed close air support from the start of the campaign, and sought to capture bases for their air support to operate from.
On 25 December, the Second division of Squadron 5, Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force was deployed to Singapore, contributing to the Allied cause before being recalled to Java on 18 January. Several Dutch pilots—including Jacob van Helsdingen and August Deibel—responded to a number of air raids over Singapore while stationed at Kallang Airport. They claimed a total of six aircraft, particularly the Nakajima Ki-27 Nate, which fared poorly in Malaya.
On 3 January 1942, 51 disassembled Hurricane Mk IIBs arrived in Singapore along with 24 pilots (many of whom were veterans of the Battle of Britain) who had been transferred to there with the intention of forming the nucleus of five squadrons. The 151st Maintenance unit assembled the 51 Hurricanes within two days and of these, 21 were ready for operational service within three days. The Hurricanes were fitted with bulky 'Vokes' dust filters under the nose and were armed with 12, rather than eight, machine guns. The additional weight and drag made them slow to climb and unwieldy to maneuver at altitude, although they were more effective bomber killers.
The recently arrived pilots were formed into 232 Squadron. In addition, 488 (NZ) Squadron, a Buffalo squadron, converted to Hurricanes. On 18 January, the two squadrons formed the basis of 226 Group. The following day 453 squadron provided an escort of eight aircraft for five Wirraways and four NEI Glenn Martin bombers, attacking Japanese troops on the Maur River. All the Martins and one of the Wirraways were lost.
No 243 Squadron RAF, equipped with Buffalo fighters, was disbanded on 21 January and 232 Squadron became operational on 22 January, the same day the Genzan Air Group attacked Kallang Airport. 232 Squadron thus had the first losses and victories for the Hurricane in Southeast Asia that day. Most of the bombers were moved to Sumatra midway through January.
Aircraft from 36, 62, and 100 Squadrons unsuccessfully attacked the Japanese invasion fleet at Endau on 26 January, suffering heavy losses. The surviving aircraft were evacuated to Sumatra on 31 January.
In mid-January, the three Sentai of the 5th Air Corps returned to Thailand to participate in the Burma Campaign and the 3rd Air Corps turned its attention to the Netherlands East Indies. In the end, more than 60 Brewster aircraft were shot down in combat, 40 destroyed on the ground, and approximately 20 more destroyed in accidents. Only about 20 Buffalos survived to reach India or the Dutch East Indies. The last airworthy Buffalo in Singapore flew out on 10 February, five days before the island fell. The RAAF and RNZAF fighter squadrons left for Sumatra and Java at the beginning of February.
It is not entirely clear how many Japanese aircraft the Buffalo squadrons shot down, although RAAF pilots alone managed to shoot down at least 20. Eighty were claimed in total, a ratio of kills to losses of just 1.3 to 1. Additionally, most of the Japanese aircraft shot down by the Buffalos were bombers. The Hawker Hurricane, which fought in Singapore alongside the Buffalo from 20 January, also suffered severe losses from ground attack; most were destroyed.
The defeat of Allied troops at the Battle of Jitra by Japanese forces, supported by tanks moving south from Thailand on 11 December 1941 and the rapid advance of the Japanese inland from their Kota Bharu beachhead on the north-east coast of Malaya overwhelmed the northern defences. Without any real naval presence, the British were unable to challenge Japanese naval operations off the Malayan coast, which proved invaluable to the invaders. With virtually no remaining Allied planes, the Japanese also had mastery of the skies, leaving the Allied ground troops and civilian population exposed to air attack.
The Malayan island of Penang was bombed daily by the Japanese from 8 December and abandoned on 17 December. Arms, boats, supplies and a working radio station were left in haste to the Japanese. The evacuation of Europeans from Penang, with local inhabitants being left to the mercy of the Japanese, caused much embarrassment for the British and alienated them from the local population. Historians judge that "the moral collapse of British rule in Southeast Asia came not at Singapore, but at Penang". However, many who were present during the evacuation did not experience it as a scramble. It was a response to an order from British High Command which had come to the conclusion that Penang should be abandoned as it had no tactical or strategic value in the rapidly changing military scheme of things at that time.
On 23 December, Major-General David Murray-Lyon of the Indian 11th Infantry Division was removed from command to little effect. By the end of the first week in January, the entire northern region of Malaya had been lost to the Japanese. At the same time, Thailand officially signed a Treaty of Friendship with Imperial Japan, which completed the formation of their loose military alliance. Thailand was then allowed by the Japanese to resume sovereignty over several sultanates in northern Malaya, thus consolidating their occupation.
The 11th Indian Division managed to delay the Japanese advance at Kampar for a few days, in which the Japanese suffered severe casualties in terrain that did not allow them to use their tanks or their air superiority to defeat the British. The 11th Indian Division was forced to retreat when the Japanese landed troops by sea south of the Kampar position. The British retreated to prepared positions at Slim River.
At the Battle of Slim River, in which two Indian brigades were practically annihilated, the Japanese used surprise and tanks to devastating effect in a risky night attack. The success of this attack forced Percival into replacing the 11th Indian Division with the 8th Australian Division., and cleared the route to the city of Kuala Lumpur.
It did not take long for the Japanese army's next objective, the city of Kuala Lumpur, to fall. The Japanese entered and occupied the city unopposed on 11 January 1942. Singapore Island was now less than 200 mi (320 km) away for the invading Japanese army.
Main article: Battle of Muar
By mid-January, the Japanese had reached the southern Malayan state of Johore where, on 14 January, they encountered troops from the Australian 8th Division, commanded by Major-General Gordon Bennett, for the first time in the campaign. During engagements with the Australians, the Japanese experienced their first major tactical setback, due to the stubborn resistance put up by the Australians at Gemas. The battle—centred around the Gemencheh Bridge—proved costly for the Japanese, who suffered up to 600 casualties. However, the bridge itself (which had been demolished during the fighting) was repaired within six hours.
As the Japanese attempted to outflank the Australians to the west of Gemas, one of the bloodiest battles of the campaign began on 15 January on the peninsula's West coast near the Muar River. Bennett allocated the 45th Indian Brigade—a new and half-trained formation—to defend the river's South bank but the unit was outflanked by Japanese units landing from the sea and the Brigade was effectively destroyed with its commander, Brigadier H. C. Duncan, and all three of his battalion commanders killed. Two Australian infantry battalions—which had been sent to support the 45th Brigade—were also outflanked and their retreat cut off, with one of the Australian battalion commanders killed in the fighting around the town of Bakri, south-east of Muar. During the fighting at Bakri Australian anti-tank gunners had destroyed nine Japanese tanks, slowing the Japanese advance long enough for the surviving elements of the five battalions to attempt an escape from the Muar area.
Led by Australian Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Anderson, the surviving Indian and Australian troops formed the "Muar Force" and fought a desperate four-day withdrawal, allowing remnants of the Commonwealth troops withdrawing from northern Malaya to avoid being cut off and to push past the Japanese to safety. When the Muar Force reached the bridge at Parit Sulong and found it to be firmly in enemy hands, Anderson, with mounting numbers of dead and wounded, ordered "every man for himself". Those who could took to the jungles, swamps and rubber plantations in search of their division headquarters at Yong Peng. The wounded were left to the mercy of the Japanese, and all but two out of 135 were tortured and killed in the Parit Sulong Massacre. Anderson was awarded a Victoria Cross for his fighting withdrawal. The Battle of Muar cost the allies an estimated 3,000 casualties including one brigadier and four battalion commanders.
On 20 January, further Japanese landings took place at Endau, in spite of an air attack by Vildebeest bombers. The final Commonwealth defensive line in Johore of Batu Pahat–Kluang–Mersing was now being attacked along its full length. In the face of repeated requests from his Chief Engineer, Brigadier Ivan Simson, Percival had resisted the construction of fixed defences in Johore, as on the North shore of Singapore, dismissing them with the comment, "Defences are bad for morale." On 27 January, Percival received permission from the commander of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, General Archibald Wavell, to order a retreat across the Johore Strait to the island of Singapore.
Main article: Fall of Singapore
On 31 January, the last organised Allied forces left Malaya, and Allied engineers blew a 70 ft (21 m)-wide hole in the causeway that linked Johore and Singapore; a few stragglers would wade across over the next few days. Japanese raiders and infiltrators, often disguised as Singaporean civilians, began to cross the Straits of Johor in inflatable boats soon afterwards.
In less than two months, the Battle for Malaya had ended in comprehensive defeat for the Commonwealth forces and their retreat from the Malay Peninsula to the fortress of Singapore. Nearly 50,000 Commonwealth troops had been captured or killed during the battle. The Japanese Army invaded the island of Singapore on 7 February and completed their conquest of the island on 15 February, capturing 80,000 more prisoners out of the 85,000 allied defenders. The final battle before the surrender was with the Malay Regiment at Bukit Candu on 14 February.
By the end of January, Heenan had been court-martialled for spying for the Japanese and sentenced to death. On 13 February, five days after the invasion of Singapore Island, and with Japanese forces approaching the city centre, he was taken by military police to the waterside and was hastily executed. His body was thrown into the sea.[page needed]
|
<urn:uuid:dc97cd8f-f788-4d8c-906f-792ff573dbc8>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://db0nus869y26v.cloudfront.net/en/Malayan_campaign
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510219.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926175325-20230926205325-00556.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970376 | 6,689 | 3.15625 | 3 |
How does a robot "see" the world? The obvious answer is that they see it however we humans tell them to. We feed them the video footage that serve as their "eyes," and then we go on our merry way. But a new video called Robot Readable World makes the argument for a slightly more complex form of robot vision.
Robots and computers currently process the video that we give them using complicated algorithms, and that software is starting to give computers and robots their own distinct way of seeing. We still use cameras to serve as robot eyes, but the bots can now use their own methods to make sense of the footage we provide them. And those methods are, frankly, a little bit creepy.
These kinds of algorithms are already in our lives; they’re the same type that the Microsoft Kinect uses to track your movements, for instance. But much more powerful forms of this software let computers recognize faces, cars, people, and street signs inside video footage.
In one example from the video, computers see auto traffic patterns as procedurally generated arrows that show the direction of moving vehicles. In another example, the computer sees faces as a series of constantly moving ovals. Timo Arnall, the video's creator, calls it “an experiment in found machine-vision footage, exploring the aesthetics of the robot eye.”
Robot Readable World compiles over 30 different examples of video recognition technologies (all listed on the video's description), and puts them over an unnerving soundtrack (a song called “Cold Summer Landscape” by the band Blear Moon) to create a vision of how computers break complex forms and movement down into something they can understand.
The interesting thing about these technologies isn’t how much they let computers see things the same way we do; instead, it's how differently robots see the world. Seeing the kind of intense processing that it takes for a robot to do a simple task like turning a corner really drives home how, even as robots gain the ability to replicate more and more human actions, the machines we’re building are “thinking” in fundamentally different ways.
Like this? You might also enjoy...
- 3D Printer Now Prints Human Body Parts
- See How Silk Is Milked From a Spider
- Yale Discovers a Fungus That Eats Plastic
|
<urn:uuid:6817ec51-3e7a-4af7-bbd0-59b4798e83c6>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://www.pcworld.com/article/249384/this_video_shows_how_computers_see_the_world.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145897.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224040929-20200224070929-00491.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.93913 | 484 | 3.8125 | 4 |
The issue of segregation is a topic engraved in the country’s history. It was a national predicament that is reinforced by numerous factors. Throughout many stages of history, racial tension and segregation laws made it more blatant and obvious than the concealed ways it may manifest in today. A look at Chicago, for instance, a city among the greatest in population of the country, the abrupt changes it has undergone may have just been what led it to be the most segregated city in America. In 1970, Chicago’s high rate of middle class families sustained the city. Population shift has bred an income of white residents which has steadily risen since 1990. Meanwhile, the economic income of black residents have fallen below 1990 levels despite a climb at the end of the last century. An expert on the issue, Lauren Nolan, an economic development planner at the Voorhees Center has referred to segregation, redlining, housing policies, and discrimination as influences and causes of the inequality depicted. Ways in which people are affected by previous actions, such as housing and mortgage policies that deliberately limited the black residents confined to Chicago’s poorer neighborhoods have been observed. These effects manifest in limiting the people’s ability to buy homes and accumulate wealth. Many of the issues accumulated as a result and encompassed by segregation includes poverty and unemployment. Analyzed reasoning for the concerns has been drawn upon as the loss of manufacturing jobs on the south side of the city in the past 15 to 20 years. Declining incomes and higher poverty rates among blacks can be considered as effects of development through critical confinement of the wealth and distribution.
|
<urn:uuid:b32cf306-470c-4be9-85d0-9c1d1b37ca22>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
https://governmentandpoliticsweb.wordpress.com/2017/06/05/local-issue-the-city-of-chicagos-segregation/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886112539.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822181825-20170822201825-00719.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966421 | 321 | 4.0625 | 4 |
The Holocaust is one of the most notable events of the 20th century. It started slowly in 1933 as Hitler was named chancellor of Germany, and by the 1940s it had evolved into a systematic murder of more than 6 million Jews and over 11 million people in total. Nazi beliefs and ideals were founded in fascism and anti-Semitism. They believed that a master race was necessary for the success of Germany as a world power and under Hitler's rule, they vowed to do what it took to achieve that goal. While the Jews were the primary focus, others that were deemed 'inferior' were also killed, imprisoned, or forced into labor.
Those who were affected by the Holocaust included Romani, Soviets, mentally and physically disabled people, homosexuals, political opponents, Polish nationals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and others that did not fit the Nazi creed of a master race of Aryan men who were strong and ethnically cleansed from any type of disease, disorder, or impurities. Because of the focus on those useful to the Nazi plight, many children were also killed during the Holocaust. Some children were put into slave labor if they were old enough. Others were imprisoned, used for medical experimentation, and killed.
Some children during World War II were even killed right after birth because they were deemed 'unnecessary' or 'inferior' by the Nazis. Nazi doctors were responsible for the euthanasia of many Jewish infants born to mothers in concentration camps and ghettos in Nazi Germany. There was no discernment for age or creed when it came to eliminating the Jews from Germany. The goal was simply to get rid of them because they were a detriment to society according to Nazi leaders, and that was done by any means possible and to anyone they came across.
For years, many countries stood by as this event escalated. However, over time, the Allied forces did gain power and decide to fight back. Germany was informed that it would be responsible for launching World War II if it didn't back down, to which the Germans responded by invading Poland. That was the starting point of the Second World War. By 1945, millions of people had died at the hands of the Nazis. However, thousands of Nazis had also died, either by suicide or after being captured by the Allies. Many committed suicide because they followed the Nazi ideology of death before surrender, including Adolf Hitler, the man held responsible for this entire event.
|
<urn:uuid:86e86622-ab6a-4d14-88c2-708bac47b2b9>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
http://www.hitlerschildren.com/article/680-jews-holocaust
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347405558.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529152159-20200529182159-00496.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.993544 | 489 | 3.875 | 4 |
“Great questioning, great enlightenment. Little questioning, little enlightenment. No questioning, no enlightenment.”How do we come up with great questions? Sometimes the role of a facilitator is to prompt people to come up with good questions. How? That is what this exercise is designed to do.
1. Working alone, have people spend a few minutes thinking about and writing down a number of questions that they have in their own life or the life of their community. Ensure that the questions are personal. For example, how do I get publicity for this cause? Not: “what is the local government going to do about this issue?”
2. Ask people to choose one of their questions and then to write down the feelings that they have about that question.
3. Still working individually ask people to think about their question and to reflect upon their life with respect to that question. Is there an experience in their life that has prompted that particular question? There may be more than one experience. Ask them to reflect on that experience and to write down their memories and feelings from that experience.
4. In pairs, people then share their question and their experience. The listener then remarks upon their responses to the story and the question and makes suggestions if they have any.
5. Again working individually, each person tries to improve their question. Do new thoughts, feelings and experiences come to mind in doing so?
6. As a whole group ask people to share their final question and the feelings surrounding it.
We can learn a lot from each other by sharing our answers to questions. We might learn even more by sharing our questions and the feelings we have about them. Furthermore, questions are the “critical starting point of problem-solving and innovation.”1 Anyone working within the fields of community development, social justice or sustainability will recognise this.
Warren Berger1 notes that “society does it’s best to discourage questioning, but those that ignore that and remain inquisitive often end up running our most creative and successful businesses while coming up with game changing ideas.”
It is those game changing ideas that society desperately needs, and they begin with good questions.
1. Warren Berger, author of A More Beautiful Question: The Power of Inquiry to Spark Breakthrough Ideas, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014.
|
<urn:uuid:b56787cc-b180-4ef3-9a83-e952886a8f09>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://www.rainbowjuice.org/2015/07/question-question-question.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886109157.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821152953-20170821172953-00049.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964199 | 480 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Does anyone even take notice of these stories any more?
Mobile phone radiation 'protects' against Alzheimer's
After all the concern over possible damage to health from using mobile phones, scientists have found a potential benefit from radiation.
The researchers, led by Professor Gary Arendash, said that if the phone exposure was started when the Alzheimer's mice were young adults, before signs of memory impairment were apparent, their cognitive ability was protected.
That's from the BBC today, which links to this not unrelated story also from the BBC...
Mobile phones 'may trigger Alzheimer's'
Mobile phones damage key brain cells and could trigger the early onset of Alzheimer's disease, a study suggests.
Researchers in Sweden have found that radiation from mobile phone handsets damages areas of the brain associated with learning, memory and movement.
The study, which was carried out on rats, is the latest twist in the long-running debate over whether mobile phones are a health risk.
As I see it, there are three explanations for this:
1. Mobile phones give rats Alzheimer's, but protect mice from getting it, for reasons that are completely unknown and totally inexplicable.
2. Scientists had their fun trying to scare everybody about mobile phones then they first came out, but now nearly everybody's got one they've decided to make us feel scared if we haven't.
3. Thousands of foolish young people pour out of university every year clutching a degree in epidemiology and are desperate to produce 'findings' that will get them in the news.
The second story is a classic case in point. The study's author, no doubt pleased to be talking to the media, is a mass of contradictions.
Professor Salford said there was good reason to believe that mobile phones could have the same effect on humans.
"A rat's brain is very much the same as a human's. They have the same blood-brain barrier and neurons," he told BBC News Online.
"We have good reason to believe that what happens in rat's brains also happens in humans."
That sounds worrying. Your study has just found that mobile phones cause brain damage in rats.
Professor Salford said that there was also a chance exposure to mobile phone radiation could trigger Alzheimer's disease in some people.
"What we are saying is those neurons that are already prone to Alzheimer's disease may be stimulated earlier in life."
Now I'm really worried. This sounds plausible.
"However, this theory is hypothetical. We do not have evidence yet that the human brain is affected in this way."
That's okay then. What a relief.
Professor Salford said mobile phone users should not be alarmed by the findings.
Thank God for that. I was alarmed for a second.
"This is a negative finding and yes it doesn't seem to be particularly good."
That sounds bad.
"But this is one observation, in one laboratory with a small number of animals. This study will have to be repeated before we get alarmed."
Good. That's set my mind at rest. A bit.
"Nevertheless, it is strong enough to merit more research into this area."
(The scientist's timeless way of asking for another research grant.)
But he added: "Perhaps putting a mobile phone repeatedly to your head is something that might not be good in the long term."
How else are you supposed to use the bloody things? I thought it was only cigarettes that were "hazardous when used as the manufacturer intended."
"Maybe we should think about restricting our use of mobile phones."
Make your mind up. And is that "we" the people, or "we" the government?
That brief interview has everything - extreme caution combined with extreme scare-mongering, followed by a request for more money and a suggestion that we legislate on the back of evidence that even he isn't sure about. Evidence which has now been disproved. Or maybe not. Presumably, another study will come along saying something completely different.
Instead of paying these people to tell us whether such-and-such does/doesn't cause disease, let's just employ one bloke, put him in a room and give him a coin to toss. It would save us a fortune and he'd probably be right more often.
One day, someone will actually make a scientific breakthrough. Will anyone be listening?
|
<urn:uuid:37325b57-fa99-4545-9595-e24d81233f09>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.velvetgloveironfist.blogspot.co.uk/2010/01/just-stop.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500831098.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021351-00118-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969797 | 899 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Parents whose kids have just started learning reading or writing may need alphabet tracing worksheets so their kids can develop their skills.
Not many people understand the importance of the worksheets – which lead to the sheets being neglected and underestimated. These worksheets are often viewed as fun, engaging, and entertaining documents for kids – and their learning process.
However, once parents understand the real facts about these worksheets, and how these worksheets can improve their kids’ learning abilities better when properly implemented, they can actually improve its functionality and usage. And you may not realize that such a worksheet can have tons of benefits and advantages.
The Importance of Learning to Write at the Early Age
Whereas most people generally think that communication is related to talking and listening, writing and reading are another set of skills that mustn’t be underestimated. Kids like to imitate adults. When adults (their parents) talk, they want to imitate it. That’s when they start mumbling and form words. When kids see their parents read and write, they want to do it too. They don’t really understand the letters of the words – they simply imitate what they see. This is when emergent writing starts. Emergent writing is about how young (kids) learners start to write.
Emergent writing is basically about the way these young learners start (writing). The process typically begins with scribbles. Over time, scribbles will lead to letters as these kids hone their skills in writing the letters. When they are able to learn the forms of the letters, they start turning those letters into words. Their communication skills will improve as they start linking written and spoken words.
Adults, especially parents, are basically the instrumental part to help their kids to link writing to speaking and also reading – focusing at early years or young age. They can help by encouraging the scribbles – leading and guiding them to letters. As these young learners shift from scribbles to writing (poorly) and then writing well, they basically develop their writing skills. It’s related to reading skills too as these learners know how to read from top to the bottom or from left to right. They also learn abot punctuation – and how it affects their reading.
So, why should kids start at the early age? It is an indicator about a kid’s reading ability. From 0 age to middle school, kids are like sponges. They absorb information and process everything quite fast. They learn about the important life skills as well as positive habits at these periods. That’s why it would be effective to teach them writing at this age. And this is also why alphabet tracing worksheets are considered beneficial and handy. With so many different types of exercises and worksheets, learning can be made fun. These kids won’t feel being pressured or forced, while learning new stuff in the playful manner.
So, why writing is considered very crucial?
- Everyone uses writing in many areas of life. Many professions and jobs require us to be able to write well. It is safe to say that writing is a crucial and also essential skill in job
- Writing is also associated with reading. If you want to be a good reader, then you need to learn writing too
- Writing is one of the primary basis in which an individual’s learning, intellect, and work would be judged, such as in the work place, within the community, in school, and in college.
- Writing equips and helps us with thinking and communication skills
- Writing enables us to entertain (even help) others
- Writing fosters and develops our ability to refine (or define) our ideas to ourselves as well as others
- Writing can help us to understand our own lives
- It preserves our memories and also ideas
- It helps to express who we are (as people)
- It makes our learning and thinking visible – and permanent
Common Obstacles in Teaching Children How to Write
When it comes to teaching writing, there are 2 major obstacles in the field:
- Spelling and handwriting
- Expressing ideas (in writing)
In the first problem, messy handwriting is a part of the issue. Even with alphabet tracing worksheets, kids will still struggle with creating the right form or shape. In writing, there is something we call transcription. Moreover, they may struggle with other areas, such as:
- Writing within a straight line
- Holding a pencil and controlling it
- Forming the letters
- Placing the letters on the page – and then moving to placing the words
- Making the letters (and also words) within the proper and correct size
These are the most common issues related to early writing learning process. Parents or teachers need to reinforce patience to their kids. These issues are basically common and it’s pretty normal that the kids would experience it. The adults need to be super patience when they are dealing with the kids.
For expressing ideas, it will take place on the next stage. Once the kids have mastered the basic writing skills, then learning how to express ideas will be the next challenge. Teachers or parents can make use of the many available tools to manage this, such as graphic organizers to help them. Teaching how to express ideas would be another level in writing process.
What is Alphabet Tracing?
Alphabet tracing is basically a delicate or faint pattern or mark. It usually comes in faint and not-so-bold pattern that kids can follow to form something. They simply copy the pattern to form a form – whether it is a letter, number, or shape. In alphabet tracing worksheets, you will see many forms of them. There are worksheets for numbers, for capital letters, or for small letters. Kids can trace those ‘examples’ so they know how to properly create a certain form of letter.
Why do You Need Alphabet Tracing Worksheets?
You see, toddlers and kids love scribble so much. The seemingly simple activity has a very crucial function – it helps these toddlers to put ideas on paper and to explore their own creativity. Scribble is often referred to as pre-writing because it gets them closer to writing words and letters. When parents add tracing to their kids writing activity, it helps the kids’ pre-writing skills. It will lay a solid foundation for future writing and drawing ability.
In general, the benefits of tracing are:
- It helps kids to refine their (pre-writing) skills. Later, it would build strong foundation for writing words (and letters) and also drawing.
- It helps build fine motor skills, visual spatial skills, and drawing (and also creativity) skills
- It also helps with focus and concentration
- It helps kids learn in the most fun manner
More Benefits of Alphabet Tracing Worksheets
There are more benefits offered by alphabet tracing worksheets:
- The sources are abundant. You can find them at many educational institutions. If you want to explore the net, you will even see tons of websites and sources that are offering free services. Make use of them! You will never run out of options
- The worksheets are coming in various types and styles. Some are quite simple and plain. Some, on the other hand, can be quite complicated and complex. Some are in black and white, some are colorful. Basically, there are so many different options for the worksheets. Whether you are looking for the simple and basic, or the colorful and decorative, you should be able to find them all.
- The worksheets are pretty versatile and flexible. You can edit them. You can include them in various exercises. The worksheets aren’t only good for tracing letters or alphabets, but you can also teach them colors and others. Use your creativity and imagination!
- The alphabet tracing worksheets are coming in various forms. They aren’t only available in the general and traditional form on a paper, but they are also available in digital formats. Some websites are offering online system where parents can utilize their devices or gadgets – and create bonds with their kids. Electronic devices aren’t always bad. If you know how to make use of them, they can be useful and fruitful.
- They learn about grip ability and also the proper way to manipulate the writing tools. For us, adults, holding and gripping a pencil or a pen may be easy, but that’s not so much for kids
- Kids will develop hand and eye coordination. This is another skill that is needed for general life and task.
How to Effectively Teach Children Writing
You need to remember that each kid is different. They are unique in their own way. So, while some kids are okay with sitting down and then trace the numbers or letters or others quietly, some may not be okay with it. Some may be active and require some kind of physical release to be able to start up properly.
So, the first thing you want to do is to do big arm movements. They will think of it as playing but it actually strengthens their core and the entire arms. Moreover, kids begin this with 2 common positions: writing on a solid vertical surface or lying on their tummy. You can encourage them by taping sheets of paper on the window or wall. Some people use removable paint or erasable markers to do this. You will see that kids before 2 will love scribbling on the wall.
Second, you can teach them about multi-sensory writing. You are able to do it with glitter glue. They have various colors and you can use them to trace letters or shapes. They have subtle texture, but it feels nice for the kids to trace. Some glues are made with nice texture and outcome – just smoothly and fine. You can apply the glue on any surface – on a board on the wall, for instance. Aside from the method with glitter glue, you can also try the tracing cards. The kids can learn to trace the letter. You can even attach the card to a binder ring. It will make the whole learning process convenient and easy.
How to Search the Best Alphabet Tracing Worksheets Online
Basically, there is no formula or certain ways to find the best worksheets. However, these tips may help you find the best sources that may help you collect the worksheets you want.
- Determine what kind of files or sources that you want. What kind of alphabet tracing worksheets would be appealing to your kids – the colorful ones, the black and white, or others? In what level of worksheet do you need? Is it for very basic learner or for the advanced one? Do you want the traditional paper form or the digital format? Do you want worksheets that you can download and print, or do you want worksheets where your kids can operate them directly on the tablet or laptop?
- Don’t worry about exploring the internet. They have tons of sources. But don’t let this overwhelm you. When you open a site, make sure to focus on it first. Don’t be tempted to open another website until you have finished exploring the first website. You don’t want to have too many options and then be confused of which one to choose. So, open a website, explore everything, and just focus on that particular website.
- Make sure that the worksheets are safe to download – and they are available for free. Don’t download worksheets that are forbidden. In some websites, it is still okay to download watermarked files, but not for commercial use or purpose.
- Ask around. You can ask for reference from people you trust and you rely on. If they have educational background, it is even better.
- Some websites also offer paid services where you can get unlimited access to resources. But ask yourself whether you are willing to spend some money for it.
Learning doesn’t have to be difficult or lame. For kids, learning needs to be fun while still engaging and useful. The alphabet tracing worksheets can be efficient and also functional – but only if you know how to do it properly and right.
What We have Here for You
We are not the best yet at providing the latest Alphabet tracing worksheets for your children to utilize. Hence, we still provide some basic Alphabet and number tracing worksheets here for free. Download them down below and print it.
Handwriting Worksheets Generator
If you feel like you want to create your own worksheets such as name tracing worksheets, you can use the handwriting worksheets generator that we have down below.
|
<urn:uuid:10a36498-7093-442b-9939-78bc96cf5ace>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.alphabetworksheetsfree.com/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510730.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930213821-20231001003821-00121.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955951 | 2,625 | 3.6875 | 4 |
In continuation to the previous posting, Data Warehousing Concepts I, here are the topics related to high level information in building a data warehouse covered in this post.
Concepts Covered In This Course
1. Star Schema
2. Snowflake Schema
3. Data Integrity
4. What is OLAP, MOLAP, ROLAP, and HOLAP?
This is the simplest form of a data warehouse schema. In the star schema design, a single object (the fact table) sits in the middle and is radially connected to other surrounding objects (dimension lookup tables). Each dimension is represented as a single table. The primary key in each dimension table is related to a foreign key in the fact table. The entity relationship diagram of this schema resembles a star, thus deriving its name.
Sample Star Schema
All measures in the fact table are related to all the dimensions that the fact table is related to. In other words, they all have the same level of granularity.
A simple star schema design consists of a single fact table. A complex star schema design can have more than one fact table.
The snowflake schema is an extension of the star schema, where each point of the star explodes into more points. In a star schema, each dimension is represented by a single dimensional table. In a snowflake schema, the dimensional table is normalized into multiple lookup tables, each representing a level in the dimensional hierarchy.
Sample Snowflake Schema
Data integrity refers to the validity of data – meaning the data is consistent and correct. The building of a data warehouse is dependent on the source having high quality data. If an incorrect data source is fed into a data warehouse, the reports generated from this data warehouse will not make meaningful sense. This highlights the importance of data integrity.
To maintain data integrity, a data warehouse or a data mart has to be enforced with data quality measures at the following levels:
a) Database level:
- Where the relationship of tables have to be maintained in terms of primary and foreign keys which is termed as referential integrity.
- Primary key and unique constraints are maintained as needed
- Handling NULLs
- Tables containing valid values
b) ETL process: The key process responsible for building a data warehouse with quality data. This process should be well maintained and checked to output quality data.
c) Data access levels: Any unauthorized access to databases, either via ETL process or by manual means should be restricted.
What is OLAP, MOLAP, ROLAP, and HOLAP?
OLAP stands for On-Line Analytical Processing, which is a protocol for processing business data. The purpose of using OLAP is to allow businesses to analyze data in different ways for budgeting, planning, trend analysis, and data warehouse reporting.
An added advantage in OLAP is multidimensional calculations known as MOLAP. MOLAP typically completes in just seconds, a process which would otherwise take a much longer time. Apart for quick multidimensional calculations, another major benefit of this type of OLAP is its consistency in calculations. The reporting results help higher management know what to look for and where, which is very helpful while comparing current reports with past and projected future reports. There are also some disadvantages, such as:
- The amount of data that can be handled is limited
- The cube technology used to derive the information is an additional investment
Another feature in OLAP is Relational OLAP known as ROLAP. This methodology relies on manipulating the data stored in the relational database to give the appearance of traditional OLAP’s slicing and dicing functionality. Advantages of using ROLAP include handling large amounts of data and leveraging the functionalities inherent in the relational database. ROLAP also has some disadvantages:
- Performance wise, since each ROLAP report is essentially a SQL query (or multiple SQL queries) in the relational database, the query time can be long if the underlying data size is large.
- SQL functionality limitation: ROLAP technology mainly relies on generating SQL statements to query the relational database, and SQL statements do not fit all needs.
A combination of MOLAP and ROLAP is called HOLAP (Hybrid OLAP) which can use cube technology for faster performance when summary information is needed and can also drill down into the cube to the underlying relational data for detailed information.
|
<urn:uuid:917bbd6a-3fc3-44ce-9931-fdbd644ed640>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://pr3systems.com/blog/data-warehousing-concepts-ii/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250601040.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120224950-20200121013950-00313.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.897095 | 906 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Author and Page information
This print version has been auto-generated from http://www.globalissues.org/article/715/today-21000-children-died-around-the-world
The silent killers are poverty, hunger, easily preventable diseases and illnesses, and other related causes. Despite the scale of this daily/ongoing catastrophe, it rarely manages to achieve, much less sustain, prime-time, headline coverage.
Why is this tragedy not in the headlines?
Back in 2000, UNICEF’s Progress of Nations report for that year tried to put these numbers into some perspective:
The continuation of this suffering and loss of life contravenes the natural human instinct to help in times of disaster. Imagine the horror of the world if a major earthquake were to occur and people stood by and watched without assisting the survivors! Yet every day, the equivalent of a major earthquake killing over 30,000 young children occurs to a disturbingly muted response. They die quietly in some of the poorest villages on earth, far removed from the scrutiny and the conscience of the world. Being meek and weak in life makes these dying multitudes even more invisible in death.
— A spotty scorecard3, UNICEF, Progress of Nations 2000
Unfortunately, it seems that the world still does not notice. It might be reasonable to expect that death and tragedy on this scale should be prime time headlines news. Yet, these issues only surface when there are global meetings or concerts (such as the various G8 summits, the Make Poverty History campaign in 2005, etc).
Furthermore, year after year, we witness that when those campaigns end and the meetings conclude, so does the mainstream media coverage.
It feels as though even when there is some media attention, the ones who suffer are not the ones that compel the mainstream to report, but instead it is the movement of the celebrities and leaders of the wealthy countries that makes this issue newsworthy.
Even rarer in the mainstream media is any thought that wealthy countries may be part of the problem too. The effects of international policies such as structural adjustments4, the current form of globalization5, and the 6 on these processes is rarely looked at.
Instead, promises and pledges from the wealthy, powerful countries, and the corruption of the poorer ones — who receive apparently abundant goodwill — make the headlines; the repeated broken promises, the low quality and quantity of aid7, and conditions with unfair strings attached do not.
Accountability of the recipient countries is often mentioned when these issues touch the mainstream. Accountability of the roles that international institutions such as the World Bank and IMF, and their funders (the wealthy/powerful countries), rarely does. The risk is that citizens of these countries get a false sense of hope creating the misleading impression that appropriate action is taken in their names.
It may be harsh to say the mainstream media is one of the many causes of poverty, as such, but the point here is that their influence is enormous. Silence, as well as noise, can both have an effect.
Recent headlines in context
When this page was initially written, the BBC’s top story on prime time television was about a British child kidnapped in Portugal. This is definitely a tragic story that needs reporting, but why, for the BBC and other British media outlets that pride themselves in outstanding international media coverage, is the plight of millions of children not daily headlines?
Another recent tragedy that sustained days of headline and prime time media coverage was the Virginia Tech massacre’s in the US. When media critics at Media Lens asked for the BBC’s rationale for such sustained coverage compared to more people dying each day in Iraq and receiving just a few minutes in comparison, the BBC responded that it happens every day in Iraq. See Putting Virginia Tech in Perspective8 for the follow up from Media Lens.
Some people fear there will be fatigue at hearing those depressing stories all the time, or the advertisers will pressure the media companies to put a bit more entertainment or good news on so that buying moods are not affected.
And does it have to be just bad news? Despite the tragedy, there is some measure of progress, which, perhaps with further public attention, could spur on more efforts in these areas and highlight important related issues.
However, news of tragedies in Iraq are also depressing, but nevertheless do received regular headline coverage.
Also there is worry that the lack of sensationalism attached to reporting the same news story each day will result in lower television viewing ratings and this may have various consequences—especially where advertising is concerned.
Finally there is the question of whether people want to hear about such depressing news stories. After all the media feels it is delivering what its viewers would like. However, it is difficult for people to know what they do or do not want to see, if they are never given the options of the alternatives. If the magnitude of this suffering is hardly reported in a sustained manner, how can viewers judge whether they wish to watch it or not?
About Child Deaths
Cautious optimism in reducing child mortality
Notes and Sources
Sources for child deaths
Sources for Asia Tsunami comparison
This site’s article, Asian Tsunami in December 200423, notes that approximately 230,000 people died in that disaster.
Sources for Iraq comparison
For the Iraq estimate, the John Hopkins study (reported in the Lancet) found 400,000 to 950,000 deaths since the 2003 Iraq invasion (average of some 655,000). .
As an aside, George Bush and many others dismissed this study in the Lancet as lacking credibility, using discredited methodologies, and instead used the Iraq Body Count statistics (of 30,000 at the time, though it is now reported at about 66,000).
If Iraq Body Count statistics are to be used, then the number of days in which child deaths match the post 2003 Iraq death toll is just two or three days. The Iraq Body Count statistics are often criticized because they rely on mainstream media reporting, which is heavily censored and managed by the US in Iraq. Nonetheless they provided criticism of the John Hopkins study (often referred to as the Lancet study as that is where it was published).
The authors of the study defended it noting that they used the very methodology that the US government is teaching others (and thus dismissed Bush’s claim of using discredited methodologies). The full report in the Lancet also notes that casualty reporting in war time tends to be grossly underestimated, so their numbers may not be as hard to accept as it initially sounds. This caused controversy when reported in October 2006, and is detailed further on this site’s Iraq media reporting section24 which includes the relevant links.
Throughout this site, many issues are discussed that rarely sustain (or enter) mainstream media coverage. The articles listed below are ones that provide a bit more detail behind the above figures.
- Poverty facts and stats25
- G8 Summit 200526—an example of the paradox of extensive media coverage but of only a few issues
- Mainstream Media27
- Health Issues28
- Poverty Facts and Stats
- Structural Adjustment—a Major Cause of Poverty
- Poverty Around The World
- Today, around 21,000 children died around the world
- Tax Avoidance and Tax Havens; Undermining Democracy
- Foreign Aid for Development Assistance
- Causes of Hunger are related to Poverty
- United Nations World Summit 2005
- IMF & World Bank Protests, Washington D.C.
(Note that listed here are only those hyperlinks to other articles from other web sites or elsewhere on this web site. Other sources such as journal, books and magazines, are mentioned above in the original text. Please also note that links to external sites are beyond my control. They might become unavailable temporarily or permanently since you read this, depending on the policies of those sites, which I cannot unfortunately do anything about.)
- Global Issues: “Structural Adjustment—a Major Cause of Poverty”, Last updated: Sunday, March 24, 2013, http://www.globalissues.org/article/3/structural-adjustment-a-major-cause-of-poverty
- Global Issues: “Free Trade and Globalization”, Last updated: Sunday, March 24, 2013, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/38/free-trade-and-globalization
- , http://www.globalissues.org
- Global Issues: “Foreign Aid for Development Assistance”, Last updated: Sunday, April 08, 2012, http://www.globalissues.org/article/35/foreign-aid-development-assistance
- Global Issues: “Global Financial Crisis”, Last updated: Sunday, March 24, 2013, http://www.globalissues.org/article/768/global-financial-crisis
- Sam Lister, 'Downturn could kill 400,000 children, warns Margaret Chan', The Times Online, March 14, 2009, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5904637.ece
- 'Haiti quake death toll rises to 230,000', BBC, February 11, 2010, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8507531.stm
- Global Issues: “Asian Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster”, Last updated: Friday, January 07, 2005, http://www.globalissues.org/article/523/asian-earthquake-and-tsunami-disaster
- Global Issues: “Iraq War Media Reporting, Journalism and Propaganda”, Last updated: Wednesday, August 01, 2007, http://www.globalissues.org/article/461/media-reporting-journalism-and-propaganda
- Global Issues: “Poverty Facts and Stats”, Last updated: Monday, January 07, 2013, http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats
- Global Issues: “G8 Summit 2005—One Year On”, Created: Saturday, July 01, 2006, http://www.globalissues.org/article/603/g8-summit-2005-one-year-on
- Global Issues: “Mainstream Media”, Last updated: Sunday, March 04, 2012, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/156/mainstream-media
- Global Issues: “Health Issues”, Last updated: Thursday, September 22, 2011, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issues
|
<urn:uuid:d079c595-7acc-40c0-a51e-f125b7264412>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://www.globalissues.org/print/article/715
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709805610/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131005-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.915748 | 2,211 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Are you in the process of applying for student loans? Are you already in college, wondering how you can become debt-free as fast as possible?
When applying for federal student loans, subsidized loans are your best bet. With lower interest rates and more favorable repayment terms, you’ll pay less in the long run.
However, many students don’t qualify for subsidized loans. These students typically take out unsubsidized loans, which start accruing interest the moment the student receives the loan proceeds.
Here, we’ll cover the basics of unsubsidized loans, why you should pay off your annual interest expense while in school, and some options for making a little extra money to help you pay down your debt.
What Are Unsubsidized Student Loans?
Let’s start with the basics. When you take out federal student loans to pay for higher education, you can either receive subsidized or unsubsidized debt. According to the Department of Education, subsidized loans offer slightly better terms than unsubsidized loans. Interest rates for unsubsidized loans are roughly 1.5 percentage points higher than those for subsidized loans.
To receive subsidized loans, students must demonstrate financial need. Your university determines how much money you can borrow – the amount must not exceed your requirements. Federally subsidized loans are only available for undergraduate students.
The federal government pays interest on subsidized loans while the student is in school and during a six-month grace period after graduation.
Students who don’t qualify for subsidized loans – either because they’re graduate students or can’t prove financial need – can opt for unsubsidized loans instead. As with subsidized loans, the educational institution determines the amount students can borrow.
Unlike subsidized loans, interest starts accruing on unsubsidized loans the moment student receives the money. If you don’t pay the interest during your studies and grace periods, the government will add it to the principal amount of your loan.
Comparing Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans
Let’s say you take out a $1,000 subsidized loan at an interest rate of 5.05% (the current rate at the time of this writing). At the end of four years of college, you’d still owe $1,000. Interest would only start to accrue six months after you graduate. If you started paying back $50 per month (the minimum for student loan payments) after the grace period ends, it would take you roughly one year and nine months to pay back your loan.
On the other hand, let’s assume you took out a $1,000 unsubsidized loan. As of the time of this writing, the interest rate for unsubsidized loans is 6.6%. Unlike with the subsidized loan, you’ll start accruing interest the moment you receive the money.
Let’s say you accept the loan money six months before you start school, attend college for four years, and then begin paying back your loan six months after graduating. In total, you will have held the loan for five years.
At the end of the five years, you’d owe $1,376.53 – significantly more than the $1,000 you’d owe if you had a subsidized loan. Given the larger post-college principal amount and the higher interest rate, paying back your loan in $50 monthly installments would take two and a half years.
As you can see, interest can add up quickly. If you can qualify for subsidized loans, you should jump at the chance for lower interest rates and deferred payment. However, if you have an unsubsidized loan, never fear. By paying down your unsubsidized loan while in school, you can become debt-free much faster.
Why Should You Pay Interest on Unsubsidized Loans While in School?
By paying interest on unsubsidized loans, you can prevent your principal from growing out of control while you’re in school. For example, let’s revisit our unsubsidized loan example above.
If you have a $100,000 loan at 6.6% interest, you’ll need to pay $6,600 worth of interest each year. If you successfully pay off the interest every year, you’ll finish college with $100,000 in debt – the amount you originally borrowed.
If you pay $1,000 each month, starting six months after graduating, you will finish paying off your student loans in just over 12 years (146 months). Now, that’s still about two years longer than if you had subsidized loans. However, it’s a full eight years earlier than if you hadn’t paid interest while in school.
In this example, if you graduate college when you’re 22, paying down interest while in school is the difference between being debt-free in your early 30s or your 40s. That’s almost a decade of less stress and greater financial flexibility.
What If I Pay Principal on Unsubsidized Loans While in School?
If you’re motivated, you might even try to pay down the principal amount you owe while in school. The sooner you can start paying back your lender, the sooner you’ll be debt-free.
Let’s go back to the $100,000 example at a 6.6% annual interest rate. Let’s also say you find a part-time job or internship that pays $15 per hour. During the year, you work 10 hours per week, permitting you to have enough time to study. In the summer, let’s say you work 30 hours per week, allowing for a summer class or a bit of extra free time.
In this example, you would earn $11,700 in wages each year. After accounting for taxes, you might expect to take home roughly $10,600 in pay.
If you pay the entire $10,600 toward your loan, you’ll successfully pay down your first year’s interest expense of $6,600. Plus, you’d pay off $4,000 of principal – the outstanding loan amount.
So, at the end of your first year, you’d only owe $96,000. If you keep putting that $10,600 toward your loan each year, your interest and principal will start declining quickly.
At the end of your second year, you’d owe $6,336 in interest ($96,000 X 6.6%). If you paid $10,600 toward your loan, you’d pay off all the interest and $4,254 of principal ($10,600 – $6,336). At the end of your second year, you’d owe $91,746.
At the end of your third year, you’d owe $6,056 in interest ($91,764 X 6.6%). After paying your $10,600, your loan balance would shrink to $87,220.
Finally, at the end of your fourth year, you’d owe $5,757 in interest ($87,220 X 6.6%). After contributing your yearly wages of $10,600, you’d be left with a loan of $82,377.
If you started paying down $1,000 of your student debt each month following graduation, you’d be debt-free in just over nine years (111 months). While finding a flexible job during school may be challenging for some students, paying off the principal while in school is worth the effort. By taking the initiative to start tackling student debt, you can enjoy years more of debt-free freedom in adulthood.
How to Earn Money to Pay Down Unsubsidized Loans
We know finding flexible work isn’t always easy. The following is a list of some common ways students can make a little extra money to start paying down unsubsidized student loans:
- Work-study. Students receiving financial aid may qualify for flexible on-campus employment in dorms, dining halls, or student unions.
- Tutoring. If you excel in math, science, Spanish, or any other subject, consider tutoring other students in your spare time. You’ll earn some extra cash and make some new friends.
- Become a tour guide. If you love your school, why not convince other students to attend? Plus, you’ll get essential public speaking skills.
- Ride-sharing. If you have a car, consider driving for Lyft or Uber every once in a while. You can work more in slow periods and ease off during finals.
- Research assistant. Teaming up with a professor in your field as a research assistant can help you earn a little money on the side while developing your skills and expertise.
- Internships. Getting a summer internship is an excellent way to start making connections with potential employers and build your resume.
If you can work even a few hours per week during the school year, you’ll be able to start paying down interest on your unsubsidized loans. You’ll be grateful when you become debt-free faster than your peers.
Get Help With Student Loans
If you or someone you know is in the college selection process, visit College Finance for in-depth resources helping students and parents with financial planning. Whether you want to learn about financial aid, paying down student loans, or other financing options, the experts at College Finance can help you plan for the future.
|
<urn:uuid:4b427cd6-fb59-4a50-b87c-13fc94deddd1>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://collegefinance.com/student-loan-repayment-options/paying-down-unsubsidized-student-loans-while-in-school
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948756.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328011555-20230328041555-00563.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956197 | 1,997 | 2.625 | 3 |
2nd August 2018
Pre-Schools Camp Fire
Today the children in Pre-School have been using their imagination to create a campfire. We became explorers and looked around the environment for different resources we could use to create our campfire, we found tissue paper, twigs, stones and blocks. Once we had created our campfire we all sat around it and discussed our creation. We also sang songs together and used the musical instruments and played camping games. We also designed our own maps and hid the bear in the cave we then used the map to go on a bear hunt. It was hard work and we got quite sleepy, but we woke up when the bear came. OH NO!
|
<urn:uuid:327ac48f-94e3-485b-8dc6-e3b31a4e9f20>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.busybeeschildcare.co.uk/Pre-Schools-Camp-Fire-n-96551
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250610004.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123101110-20200123130110-00169.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.97838 | 141 | 3.03125 | 3 |
In the simplest usage, "nc host port" creates a TCP connection to the given port on the given target host. Your standard input is then sent to the host, and anything that comes back across the connection is sent to your standard output. This continues indefinitely, until the network side of the connection shuts down. Note that this behavior is different from most other applications which shut everything down and exit after an end-of-file on the standard input.
Netcat can also function as a server, by listening for inbound connections on arbitrary ports and then doing the same reading and writing. With minor limitations, netcat doesn't really care if it runs in "client" or "server" mode -- it still shovels data back and forth until there isn't any more left. In either mode, shutdown can be forced after a configurable time of inactivity on the network side.
And it can do this via UDP too, so netcat is possibly the "udp telnet-like" application you always wanted for testing your UDP-mode servers. UDP, as the "U" implies, gives less reliable data transmission than TCP connections and some systems may have trouble sending large amounts of data that way, but it's still a useful capability to have.Read full blog post: "15 Greatest Open Source Terminal Applications Of 2012"
|
<urn:uuid:becd85e9-b215-4be6-b81e-aa60dd95ce44>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://www.cyberciti.biz/open-source/best-terminal-applications-for-linux-unix-macosx/attachment/nc-netcat/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383508/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00097-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935185 | 271 | 3.234375 | 3 |
BBB - A+ Rating - the best there is
An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2014
Where did the German Oechsle family come from? When did the Oechsle family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Oechsle family history?The Oechsle surname first began to be used in the German state of Bavaria, some time after the 12th century, when hereditary surnames were adopted according to fairly general rules, and names that were derived from locations became particularly common. The family name Oechsle is a local surname. Originally denoting the proprietorship of an estate or influence within a village, the German preposition von, which means from or of, used with local names, was taken as a mark of aristocracy. The surname Oechsle was given to someone who lived in Franconia, where their name rose to prominence through their involvement in the social and cultural affairs of the area. Their seat and land holdings were in the free canton of Gebuerg. The ancestral home of the Oechsle family is found in the Rhineland. Oechsle is of several possible origins, all of which derive from a common root; the name comes from the Middle High German ochs, meaning "ox." It may have originated from a nickname, referring to "one as stubborn as an ox." Alternatively, the original bearer of the name may have been someone who kept or sold oxen. Finally, the surname may be derived from a place of residence distinguished by a sign; in this case, the name would indicate "one who dwelled in the house with the sign of the ox."
One can encounter great variation in the spelling of surnames: in early times, spelling in general, and thus the spelling of names was not yet standardized; and later, spellings would change with branching and movement of families. Variations of the name Oechsle include Ochs, Ochss, Ochse, Och, Ochsse, Ocks, Ockss, Ockse, Ocksse, Osse (northern Germany), Oexle (Swabia), Oxle (Swabia), Oechsle, Ochsner, Exline, Echslin, Oxle, Ochslein ("little ox") and many more.
First found in the Rhineland, where the Oechsle family became a prominent contributor to the development of the district from ancient times. The earliest known bearer of the name was Hans Ochslin, who was a resident of Waldsee in 1536. Always prominent in social affairs, the young Oechsle family became an integral part of that turbulent region as it emerged to form alliances with other families within the Feudal System and the nation.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Oechsle research. Another 225 words(16 lines of text) covering the years 1554, 1752, 1802, 1810, and 1821 are included under the topic Early Oechsle History in all our PDF Extended History products.
Another 82 words(6 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Oechsle Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
The great European flow of migration to North America, which began in the middle of the 17th century and continued into the 20th century, was particularly attractive to those from Bavaria who wished to escape either poverty or religious persecution. For many Bavarian tenant farmers, the chance to own their own land was a major incentive. So the widespread colonization of the United States began in 1650, when many immigrants from Germany settled in pockets in Pennsylvania, Texas, New York, Illinois, and California. In Canada, German settlement centered in Ontario and the prairie provinces. Among those of this surname listed in various historical records were:
Oechsle Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century
Oechsle Settlers in the United States in the 20th Century
This page was last modified on 18 November 2010 at 10:57.
houseofnames.com is an internet property owned by Swyrich Corporation.
|
<urn:uuid:43a0fca6-dcd4-4b5a-910f-9cd6c4ece272>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://www.houseofnames.com/Oechsle-history
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997857714.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025737-00045-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952634 | 868 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The Arabian or Arab horse (Arabic:الحصان العربي [ ħisˤaːn ʕarabiː], DMGḥiṣān ʿarabī) is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500years. Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.
The Arabian developed in a desert climate and was prized by the nomadic Bedouin people, often being brought inside the family tent for shelter and protection from theft. Selective breeding for traits including an ability to form a cooperative relationship with humans created a horse breed that is good-natured, quick to learn, and willing to please. The Arabian also developed the high spirit and alertness needed in a horse used for raiding and war. This combination of willingness and sensitivity requires modern Arabian horse owners to handle their horses with competence and respect.
The Bahraini opposition refers to a group of political groups who are opposed to the government or the Al Khalifa regime altogether. Currently, the Bahraini opposition can be divided into the officially registered political parties, who demand reforms to the current political system, and the unauthorized opposition groups who seek the removal of the Al Khalifa regime. Most of the opposition is comprised from the Shia population of Bahrain.
The alliance of registered opposition parties consists of:
The Russian opposition is composed of various political parties, movements and groups of citizens, who disagree with government organs of Russia and stand for their change.
Background and white-ribbon opposition
Most opposition organizations independent from the Kremlin encounter a draconian law on political parties, refusals of registration by the Justice Ministry, censorship in major mass media, primarily federal TV channels. According to Vladimir Ryzhkov, "over the last 4 years (i.e. from 2007 - Ed.) for identical "formal reason" nine political parties were denied registration - from left to right. And not any new party was registered. In modern Russia, this is not possible".
Recently, for the protesters for Fair Elections the term white ribbon opposition has been applied, as they wore white ribbons as their symbol.
Actions and campaigns of the opposition
Current campaigns of the opposition:
Dissemination of anti-Putin reports: Putin. Results. 10 years (2010), Putin. Corruption (2011), Life of a Slave on Galleys (2012). Video versions of these reports, entitled Lies of Putin’s regime, have been viewed by about 10 million times on the Internet.
|
<urn:uuid:1d7f2dac-6004-4c80-b0eb-1ce15d66b030>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://wn.com/Syrian_opposition
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251678287.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125161753-20200125190753-00042.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951005 | 609 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Test a Starter Solenoid
The starter solenoid is a fairly simple mechanism that transmits electrical current from the battery to the starter. When you turn the key, the solenoid engages, using the electrical motor in the starter to get your engine running. If the solenoid is not functioning properly, the vehicle may not start. Determining whether the issue is the starter solenoid, the battery or the starter itself can save you time and money when repairing it yourself and seeking to have the repair work done. Start by locating the starter and work to narrow down the cause of the issue.
Locating the Starter Solenoid
- Open the hood of the vehicle. The starter and solenoid are located on the engine of your vehicle. In order to gain access to it, pull on the hood release located near the door on the driver’s side of the vehicle.
- You will need to release the safety latch on the front of the vehicle in order to open the hood as well.
- If you are unable to locate the safety release, refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual for directions.
- Find the starter. The starter is usually located near where the engine and transmission meet. The starter itself is usually cylindrical in shape with a smaller cylinder attached to it. There should be a wire coming directly from the positive terminal of the battery to the starter.
- While starters come in many sizes, they are usually shaped the same.
- Refer to your vehicle’s service manual if you are unable to locate the starter.
- Identify the cylinder on the side of the starter. The smaller cylinder attached to the top or side of the starter is the starter solenoid. It is a fairly simple electrical mechanism that can fail, preventing the starter from engaging and starting the motor.
- The starter solenoid will have two terminals coming out of its end.
- The wire from the battery will connect to one of those two terminals.
- Listen for the solenoid to click when the key is turned. Have a friend turn the key in the ignition to attempt to start the vehicle. Listen carefully, as you should hear a click when the starter solenoid engages. If you do not hear a click, the starter solenoid is likely not functioning properly. If you do hear clicking, the solenoid may be engaging, but not sufficiently.
- Hearing clicking without the starter motor moving means the solenoid is transferring the electricity, but it may not be enough.
- No clicking means the solenoid is not properly engaging, but this may also be due to a dead battery.
- Check the battery. If your starter is failing to engage, it may be because the battery does not have sufficient energy to power it. Rule this out by testing the battery with a volt meter. Low power could result in the starter clicking but failing to engage. Place the positive (red) lead on the voltmeter on the positive terminal of the battery and negative (black) lead on the negative terminal.
- Your battery should measure at around 12 volts at a rest before you attempt to start the vehicle.
- If the voltage is low, the battery may just need to be charged.
Checking for Current from the Solenoid
- Connect a test light to the output terminal of the solenoid. There are two small terminals sticking out of the face of a starter solenoid. One is the 12 volt positive (top) that comes from the battery. When the starter solenoid is activated, it connects the lower terminal to the upper one internally, engaging the starter motor.
- There should be continuous power going to the top solenoid terminal.
- Press the red lead from the test light onto the top terminal and hold it in place.
- Ground the black lead from the test light. The black lead from the test light must be connected to a grounded surface in order to complete the circuit and test the power passing through it. Any part of the body of the vehicle will suffice as a ground, provided it is bare metal.
- You can touch the black lead to any bare metal on the body of the vehicle.
- You may also touch it to the negative terminal on the battery.
- Observe the light. If the light comes on when you have the test light touching the top terminal on the starter solenoid and the other lead grounded, it means there is electricity coming from the battery to the starter solenoid itself. This means there could be an issue with the solenoid, rather than simply a dead battery.
- Once you have confirmed that there is power going to the solenoid, you can test if the solenoid is transferring it properly.
- Switch the red lead to the lower terminal on the solenoid. Now that you have confirmed that there is power going into the solenoid, the next step is to determine whether or not the solenoid is transferring the power properly. Place the red lead on the lower terminal that should only have power when the vehicle is starting.
- Hold the lead in place on the lower terminal.
- Keep the black lead grounded.
- Have a friend turn the ignition. While you hold the two leads in place, ask a friend to turn the ignition. This should make the solenoid bridge the connections internally and send electricity to the lower terminal on the solenoid.
- Be careful not to get your hands or clothes in the way of any engine components that may move if the vehicle starts.
- Do not allow the test light wiring to hang into the area around the belts.
- Look for the light to come on. If the test light comes on, it means the solenoid is transferring power from the battery to the starter. If the starter fails to activate despite the light coming on, the starter itself may need to be replaced. If the light does not come on, it means the solenoid is failing to transfer the power and will need to be replaced.
- You can often purchase a starter and starter solenoid together, as it may be easier to replace them both at once.
- Make sure to tell the clerk at your local auto parts store the correct year, make and model of your vehicle to purchase the right replacement parts.
Testing Current Resistance
- Connect the voltmeter to the positive terminal on the battery. A voltmeter will show you how much voltage is currently passing through the circuit the meter is a part of. Start by attaching the positive lead (red) from the voltmeter to the positive terminal on the battery.
- The positive terminal will be labeled with the letters “POS” or the positive (+) symbol.
- Some volt meters may clip into place, while others may require you to hold to lead onto the battery.
- Connect the negative lead to the ground terminal. This test is to determine how much voltage the starter solenoid is drawing from the battery when it is attempting to start. Place the negative lead (black) from the voltmeter on the negative terminal on the battery to complete the circuit.
- With the positive and negative leads connected to the battery, the voltmeter should turn on.
- Observe the reading on the voltmeter. Your car battery should produce approximately 12 volts when nothing is drawing off of it. Read the display on the volt meter to ensure your battery is producing an adequate level of power.
- If the voltmeter reads less than 12 volts, the vehicle may not be starting due to insufficient charge on the battery.
- The number may jump around as you move the leads a bit and the meter tries to read the voltage. Wait for it to settle to determine the baseline voltage.
- Have a friend turn the ignition. While holding the leads on the positive and negative terminals on the battery, have a friend turn the key in the ignition to attempt to start the vehicle. Be careful to stay clear of anything that may move if the engine actually starts.
- The voltage reading from the battery should drop approximately half a volt while the starter attempts to start the vehicle.
- If the voltage does not drop, there is an issue with the connection from the battery to the starter.
- Move the voltmeter to the leads on the starter solenoid. Place the positive lead from the voltmeter on lower terminal from the solenoid (closer to the starter). Then place the negative lead on the upper most terminal coming from the battery. Have your friend turn the key again.
- Ensure the leads are firmly touching or attached to the terminals coming from the solenoid for a good reading.
- Look for an appropriate voltage drop. The voltage drop you see on the solenoid should match the drop you saw on the battery. The drop in voltage should not exceed a half a volt. If you do not read any voltage at all, the solenoid needs to be replaced.
- If the voltage drops less than a half a volt, there is an issue inside the solenoid.
- If the voltage drops too much, there may be a fault somewhere in the connection, such as a crimped line from the battery to the solenoid.
- Hotwire a Car
- Fix an Ignition Key That Doesn't Turn
- Fix a Car That Doesn't Start
- Jump Your Battery
- Handle Dead Battery Problems
Sources and Citations
- ↑ http://www.youfixcars.com/starters-and-alternators.html
- ↑ https://www.howacarworks.com/basics/how-the-starting-system-works
- ↑ https://www.howacarworks.com/ignition-system/checking-a-starter-circuit
- ↑ https://axleaddict.com/auto-repair/How-to-Check-a-Starter-Solenoid-or-Remote-Relay
- ↑ http://www.agcoauto.com/content/news/p2_articleid/254
|
<urn:uuid:337a406e-f69d-459a-afba-76e764cf9ae6>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://kipkis.com/Test_a_Starter_Solenoid
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654016.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607211505-20230608001505-00611.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.899454 | 2,148 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Multiplexing is the name for an operation or method which combines several signals into one, before that signal is sent over a telecommunications line. At the other end of the line, the combined signals are demultiplexed, that is, the combination of the signals is undone. There are different ways how this multiplexing can be done:
- Space division multiplexing: Each channel can use its own part of the space exclusively. There are many channels, in different spaces. This is like people talking in different places. If the people talking are far apart, the conversations won't interfere.
- Frequency division multiplexing: Different channels use the different frequencies. The sounds bats make use frequencies that humans cannot hear. Their conversations will therefore not interfere.
- Time division multiplexing: Different channels use different time slots. In Amateur radio, there will only be one person speaking at a time. Different people who speak at different times do not interfere with each other.
- Code division multiplexing: Communications are coded. Different signals use different codes. People speaking in different languages do not interfere.
|
<urn:uuid:3173aee6-1f8d-4f55-9e53-46d1c115c988>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347409171.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20200530102741-20200530132741-00594.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920504 | 226 | 4.125 | 4 |
Because of their physical characteristics or chemical makeup, special wastes generally require special handling procedures and disposal methods in order to be protective of human health and the environment.
From this page you will find information regarding the proper handling, disposal and treatment of various special wastes DEC is involved with.
More about Special Wastes:
- Asbestos - General information from federal, state and local agencies involved in regulating asbestos containing material, including abatement, removal and transportation.
- Creosote - General information on creosote and products treated with or containing creosote, including Frequently Asked Questions and a brief description of Article 27 Title 25 of the New York State Law.
- Lumber Pressure Treated With Chromated Copper Arsenate - Information on lumber that has been pressure treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA).
- Regulated Medical Waste - Information on Regulated Medical Waste in New York State.
- Waste Tires - Background information on waste tire stockpiles, including legislation and tire fire information.
- Fluorescent and HID Lamps - Fluorescent lamps as hazardous waste and universal waste
- Used Oil - Information on used oil regulation in New York State.
- Used Electronic Equipment - Due to rapid changes in technology, electronic equipment quickly becomes out of date. NYSDEC provides guidance and regulatory information on the reuse, recycling, and disposal of used electronic equipment.
- Proposed Used Electronic Equipment Rulemaking - This page contains updated information on the proposed used electronic equipment rulemaking.
|
<urn:uuid:d834dace-042a-4175-a808-0521ce3e38cc>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8480.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997869778.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025749-00204-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.863625 | 308 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Cold sores are an all-too-common problem. They can also be a surprisingly painful problem. A cold sore is definitely not going to threaten your life, but it can cause quite a bit of pain in your mouth that can last for days on end.
What causes a cold sore? They are triggered by the virus herpes simplex. Yes, this is the virus that also causes genital herpes, albeit of a different strain. The herpes simplex virus that causes cold sores is a magician of survival. It can live in your mouth cavity, lying dormant in your tissues almost indefinitely until the right conditions trigger an attack. Most of us have been exposed to the herpes simplex virus at some point in our lives, so the real question is not so much how to avoid the virus but how to prevent the virus from multiplying and erupting.
Since the herpes simplex virus thrives when our immune systems are weak, getting a cold sore could signal that your immune system is struggling. Often cold sores show up when we have a cold or the flu, hence their name. Cold sores love respiratory infections and will often breakout while your body struggles to fight a chest infection. Bolster your immune system by eating lots of fresh fruits and vegetables which contain high amounts of antioxidants. Get some exercise. Physical activity helps to strengthen your immune system.
At the outset of a cold sore, consider taking a B-complex vitamin supplement. Combine this with a vitamin C supplement, which you can take daily until the cold sore goes away. These vitamins will help to boost the function of your immune system so that it can continue to make sure that the herpes simplex virus remains dormant.
One simple, but effective home remedy for a cold sore is to apply freshly squeezed lemon juice. The lemon juice will sting momentarily but is also strong enough to act as an anti-viral.
Another potential cause of cold sores is exposure to strong sunshine. Radiation from the sun can damage tissues on the lips, opening the door for the herpes simplex virus to erupt out of dormancy. Wear protecting lip balm that both moisturizes the lips and protects them from harmful UV rays.
Often cold sores happen when we are feeling run down. For those who have trouble with cold sores when dealing with stress, consider taking St. John’s wort to calm the body’s nervous system.
There are some herbs that you can try dabbing onto the site of a cold sore to help it heal faster. Some of the best are lavender, marigold, wild indigo, and witch hazel.
Make sure you are getting enough rest to help restore your body and mind to a strong and healthy place.
One note of caution: cold sores are highly infectious so stay away from others until the cold sore dries up and goes back into dormancy.
By following all of these tips, you should be able to keep cold sores out of your life and perpetually in a state of dormancy where they should be.
Miller, J., “Ten Causes and Treatments for Cold Sores,” How Stuff Works web site; http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/problems/medical/10-causes-and-treatments-for-cold-sores.htm, last accessed Jan. 5, 2014.
Tse, I., “Cold Sores: Symptoms, Treatments and Prevention.” LiveScience web site, May 27, 2013; http://www.livescience.com/34715-cold-sores-symptoms-treatments-and-prevention.html, last accessed Jan. 3, 2014.
|
<urn:uuid:955a76c3-d2b2-4660-ac8c-eb6407f8b0b4>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://www.doctorshealthpress.com/general-health-articles/natural-ways-to-prevent-a-cold-sore/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657176116.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20200715230447-20200716020447-00469.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.914181 | 761 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The Krag-Jørgensen M1894 is a repeating bolt action rifle designed by the Norwegians Ole Herman Johannes Krag and Erik Jørgensen in the late 19th century. Variants were adopted as a standard arm by Denmark, the United States of America and Norway. About 300 were delivered to Boer forces of the South African Republic.
A distinctive feature of the Krag-Jørgensen action was its magazine. While many other rifles of its era used an integral box magazine loaded by a charger or stripper clip, the magazine of the Krag-Jørgensen was integral with the receiver (the part of the rifle that houses the operating parts), featuring an opening on the right hand side with a hinged cover. Instead of a charger, single cartridges were inserted through the side opening, and were pushed up, around, and into the action by a spring follower.
The design presented both advantages and disadvantages compared with a top-loading “box” magazine. A similar claw type clip would be made for the Krag that allowed the magazine to be loaded all at once, also known as the Krag “Speedloader magazine”. Normal loading was one cartridge at a time, and this could be done more easily with a Krag than a rifle with a “box” magazine. In fact, several cartridges can be dumped into the opened magazine of a Krag at once with no need for careful placement, and when shutting the magazine-door the cartridges are forced to line up correctly inside the magazine. The design was also easy to “top off”, and unlike most top-loading magazines, the Krag-Jørgensen’s magazine could be topped up without opening the rifle’s bolt. The Krag-Jørgensen is a popular rifle among collectors, and is valued by shooters for its smooth action.
The Swedish-Norwegian Rifle Commission started its work in 1891. One of their first tasks was to find the best possible calibre for the new weapon. After extensive ballistic tests where different calibers were tested (8 mm, 7.5 mm, 7mm, 6.5mm etc.), the optimal calibre was determined to be 6.5 mm (0.256 in). Following this decision, a joint Norwegian-Swedish commission was established in December 1893. This commission worked through a series of meetings to decide on the different measurements for the cartridge case. A rimless cartridge case of 55mm length was approved, and each possible measurement (diameter at base, diameter at neck, angle of case, angle of shoulder etc.) was decided upon. The corresponding dimensions of the cartridge chamber to be used in a future service rifle was also determined. The cartridge became what is later known as 6,5×55mm. The round of ammunition is also known as 6,5×55 Krag, 6.5×55 Scan, 6.5×55 Mauser, 6.5×55 Swedish and 6.5×55 Nor, but they all referred to the same cartridge.
Some historians have assumed that there was a difference in cartridge blueprint measurements between Swedish and Norwegian 6.5×55 mm ammunition, but this may be unintentional. Due to different interpretations of the blueprint standard, i.e. the standards of manufacturing using maximum chamber in the Krag vs. minimum chamber in the Swedish Mauser, a small percentage of the ammunition produced in Norway proved to be slightly oversize when chambered in the Swedish Mauser action, i.e. requiring a push on the bolt handle to chamber in the Swedish arm. A rumour arose not long after the 6.5×55 mm cartridge was adopted that one could use Swedish ammunition in Norwegian rifles, but not Norwegian ammunition in Swedish rifles. Some even alleged that this incompatibility was deliberate, to give Norway the tactical advantage of using captured ammunition in a war, while denying the same advantage to the Swedes. However, after the rumour first surfaced in 1900, the issue was examined by the Swedish military. They declared the difference to be insignificant, and that both the Swedish and Norwegian ammunition was within the specified parameters laid down. It is worth noting that Sweden would later adopt a 6.5×55 mm rifle with a much stronger Mauser bolt action, the m/94 carbine in 1894 and the m/96 Rifle in 1896, both of which were proof-tested with loads generating significantly more pressure than those used to proof the Norwegian Krag action.
Once the question of ammunition was settled, the Norwegians started looking at a modern arm to fire their newly designed cartridge. The processing was modelled on the US Army Ordnance selection process and considered, among other things, sharp-shooting at different ranges, shooting with defective or dirty ammunition, rapidity of shooting, conservation of ammunition, corrosion resistance, and ease of assembly and disassembly. After the test, three rifles were shortlisted:
- Mannlicher 1892
- Mauser 1892
- Krag-Jørgensen 1892
About fifty Krag-Jørgensen rifles were produced in 1893 and issued to soldiers for field testing. The reports were good, and a few modifications were later incorporated into the design. Despite the fact that both the Mannlicher and Mauser submissions were significantly faster to reload than the Krag, the latter, having been designed in Norway, was selected.
|
<urn:uuid:424aacfa-9637-4409-90b4-0ff10ec4c84c>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
http://staffordshirephoenixrifleandpistolclub.co.uk/?page_id=271
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371611051.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405213008-20200406003508-00170.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972998 | 1,115 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Heat exhaustion is the result of your body overheating. Symptoms include heavy sweating and a rapid pulse. It’s one of three heat-related syndromes, with heat cramps being the mildest and heatstroke being the most severe. Exposure to high temperatures, especially with high humidity and physical activity, can cause heat exhaustion. Without immediate treatment, heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke, which is a life-threatening condition. Fortunately, you can prevent this.
- Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat
- Heavy sweating
- Weak, rapid pulse
- Low blood pressure upon standing (lightheaded sensation)
- Muscle cramps
If you know you will be out in the heat there are many different things you can to help prevent heat exhaustion and dehydration. The first and most obvious thing to do is to drink plenty of water!! Take a water bottle wherever you go and drink it. Your body loses water when you sweat so you need to continuously replace that water loss. Drink water throughout the time you are outside in the heat and especially when you are being very active like; walking, running, playing tennis or some other sport.
If you can’t avoid strenuous activity in hot weather, drink fluids and rest frequently in a cool spot. Try to schedule exercise or physical labor for cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or evening.
Limit time spent working or exercising in heat until you’re conditioned to it. People who are not used to hot weather are especially susceptible to heat-related illness. It can take several weeks for your body to adjust to hot weather.
Wear loose fitting clothes.
Loose clothing allows the body’s cooling system, sweating, to work more efficiently.
Cover up your skin from the sun as much as possible and wear sunscreen.
Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool itself so protect yourself outdoors with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15. Reapply it often especially if you are sweating a lot or swimming since sunscreen can be washed off.
Take extra precautions with certain medications.
Be on the lookout for heat-related problems if you take medications that can affect your body’s ability to stay hydrated and dissipate heat. Some medications can make you sensitive to excessive exposure to sunlight and heat. Be sure you know all about how your medications affect your body. If you take medications or have a condition that increases your risk of heat-related problems, such as a history of previous heat illness, avoid the heat and act quickly if you notice symptoms of overheating. If you participate in a strenuous sporting event or activity in hot weather, make sure there are medical services available in case of a heat emergency.
Never leave anyone in a parked car.
This is a common cause of heat-related deaths in children. If the temperature outside is in the nineties, then it can easily be well over one hundred degrees in your car. Just leaving the windows down is not enough to bring the temperature down to safe levels!!!
If left untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition that occurs when your core body temperature reaches 104 F (40 C) or higher. Heatstroke requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage to your brain and other vital organs that can result in death. Go to Rio Grande Urgent Care or call 9-1-1.
|
<urn:uuid:b206271c-660e-4966-9912-36cfe93e5b6d>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.riograndeurgentcare.com/heat-exhaustion-dehydration/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250598800.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120135447-20200120164447-00412.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938141 | 712 | 3.546875 | 4 |
All photos: Solar Dynamics Observatory/NASA
Over the weekend, NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) hit a major milestone. Just under five years after its launch, on Jan. 19, SDO captured its 100 millionth image of the sun. That's eight whole zeros, folks.
Using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), an instrument which, as NASA explains, "uses four telescopes working parallel to gather eight images of the sun – cycling through 10 different wavelengths – every 12 seconds," as well as two other instruments on board, SDO delivers an incredible 1.5 terabytes of data each and every day. That's 57,600 detailed images of the sun every 24 hours.
To celebrate the achievement, we thought, we'd share eight of our favorite images of the sun from SDO since it went live. Prepare to be dazzled.
A long filament eruption
On Aug. 31, 2012, SDO captured this beauty. The image shows a long filament of solar material that had been in the sun's atmosphere as it erupted into space. This shot by itself is stunning, but it also had real world effects down here on Earth. The coronal mass ejection traveled at more than 900 miles per second and caused auroras to appear on Earth just days later.
Partial lunar eclipse
Most of the time, SDO's view of the sun is unobstructed. However, a few times a year, the moon creeps into the frame of the image like a lunar photobomb. In this picture taken on Nov. 22, 2014, we see that the moon's disk is partially blocking the solar corona. If you check out the edge of the moon, you'll notice that it's not a perfect circle, and thanks to the high-res image, we can actually see mountains along the edge.
In October of 2014, SDO captured expanding coronal loops that can be seen along the edge of the sun. As NASA explains, "The bright loops began to form and grow after a long-lasting M-class flare erupted. The arcs of the loops we see in extreme ultraviolet light are actually particles spiraling along magnetic field lines arcing above the active region that was the source of the flare. They are reorganizing the magnetic field after its disruption." To make it all the more impressive, these loops extend out over 15 times the size of Earth.
On June 7, 2011, SDO snapped this image of a massive eruption as it lifted cool and dark material into the corona. The majority of that material came back down into the sun where the gravitational energy caused it to heat up to over a million degrees. The NASA scientists determined that this event, captured for all of us to see, is a miniature example of what happens as stars form and collect gases with a little help from gravity. As this kind of event rarely ever happens so close to home, it allowed scientists to study the phenomenon up close.
The old man in the sun
People usually talk about the man in the moon, but here we see that our celestial friend actually lives in the sun. The image is a great tool to show people the different parts of the sun. The dark area that looks like a mouth shows cooler material, the eyes are made up of hot material, and the hair shows the matter that floats in the sun’s atmosphere.
The path of Venus
Back in June of 2012 Venus was making her way across the sun, dazzling stargazers who were able to catch a glimpse. SDO took advantage of the opportunity and captured the event in detail, resulting in the best images of a transit ever taken.
Composite of 25 images of the sun
This incredible image isn't just a single picture. It's 25 separate images of the sun taken between April 16, 2012 and April 15, 2013. SDO’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly took a picture of the sun every 12 seconds in 10 different wavelengths. Even better? They created a video to show you the journey the sun took over the course of three years. NASA notes that, because the SDO spacecraft moves closer and farther away from the sun, the sun appears bigger and smaller in size while watching the video. The images show solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and even space weather that sends solar material toward Earth, sometimes interfering with satellites in space.
The 100,000,000th image
And last but certainly not least, we have for you the 100 millionth image taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. In it you will see the dark areas at the bottom which are coronal holes. A coronal hole is a low density region on the sun's outer atmosphere.
We take our hats off to the scientists at NASA who continue to help us understand the universe, even from millions of miles away. We're sure the next 100 million photos will be just as illuminating, helping us get to know our very own star.
Related on MNN:
- 10 images from NASA's Spitzer telescope
- 10 dazzling images from the WISE telescope
- 17 images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope
|
<urn:uuid:bd7d24b2-3d9c-4aec-bf8a-0e66012f194d>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/space/stories/8-unforgettable-photos-of-the-sun-taken-by-the-solar-dynamics
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347436828.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200604001115-20200604031115-00192.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943163 | 1,043 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Our previous analysis aside, assuming himself correct (i.e., that the water pump was "dangerously close" to the mass graves), the UV asks how such a mistake in the mapping of the camp could be made. He relies on one of his favorite arguments: Urban Jews wouldn't have known. The Jews of Treblinka, we're told, were urban with likely having little formal education. Water wells being a rural phenomenon, they wouldn't know that the well would be contaminated, so they didn't bother to place it far enough away from the mass graves when they "made up the story."
The UV is, of course, making an inherently incorrect assumption, as he does in other parts of this film, i.e., that Jews from Poland were urban and had little or no knowledge about rural life. In this case, his argument follows on this point with his claim that Jewish eyewitnesses wouldn't know that a well would have contaminated groundwater because they would never have encountered a well.
There are a couple of points where the UV is wrong. First, while it's true that the majority (77 percent) of Polish Jews resided in cities and large towns on the eve of World War II, one-quarter of the Polish-Jewish population lived in rural areas of the country. Among the towns on the deportation lists in Arad are towns with Jeiwsh populations of fewer than 2,000 people. For example, Arad lists the town of Sulejów as one deportation point for Jews. At the town's Web site you can see that today Sulejów has only 6,400 residents, and that's sixty years after the war. Arad's list tells us that only 1,500 Jews were deported from the town.
You can also see pictures of the town, particularly around the town's biggest tourist attraction, the eight-hundred-year-old Cistercians Abbey. Does this look "urban" to you?
In the same sub-section in Arad, by the way, we have the town of Kamiensk, from which we are told 600 Jews were deported (the smallest number on the page); the town has 2,800 inhabitants today.
All this leads to another problem: Are wells a "rural" phenomenon? My parents used to own a house in the Pocono Mountains in Pennsylvania. The house was on the outskirts of a small town of slightly more than 5,200 people. This was not urban, nor was it even suburban. It was what is commonly called by demographers "exurban," although perhaps not "rural."
The point is this: The drinking water in my parents' house (which they had built for them) came from a well that was dug by the contractor. This was the case with every other house in the development where they had bought their plot of land. So if there were wells on the outskirts of a town of 5,200 people, can't we safely assume, particularly sixty years ago in a country (Poland) that was (then) less developed than the United States is today, that there would have been wells in towns all over Poland, including towns with largely or mostly Jewish populations?
The UV has done a particularly bad job in this section of the film. Thankfully, it's among the shortest sections of the thirty-part film.
|
<urn:uuid:1f71b4c9-e127-4b58-bbbe-84c25d1d3642>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://holocaustcontroversies.blogspot.com/2006/12/well-well-well-part-ii.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163048362/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131728-00010-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.989687 | 687 | 3.015625 | 3 |
As climate change increasingly highlights the limits of the environmental devastation of a linear economy, many companies and consumers are moving towards implementing a global circular economy, which is a systems solution framework tackling issues such as waste, pollution, and diminishing biodiverse ecosystems. But how do we go about making this gargantuan economic shift?
The 9R’s are a circular economic framework that examines how materials can be used and reused at their highest value while minimizing waste and environmental destruction. They are Refuse, Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, Recycle and Recover. There are three separate hierarchical approaches for closing material loops; a smaller loop is ideal because it requires less inputs and eliminates waste before it is even created. Although the transformation to a perfect circular economy without waste is very difficult to achieve, the 9R’s can guide us away from throwaway culture and into sustainable systems.
The shortest loops in the R-framework are Refuse, Rethink, and Reduce (R0 - R2). These totally eliminate waste in the design stage through strategies that refuse the original harmful product and offer an alternative, rethink waste as a resource, and reduce the amount of inputs necessary. Within the food industry, we can look at farmers who implement techniques such as permaculture that eliminate the need for harmful chemical pesticides. Local communities source their food from these farmers, also eliminating the need for long transport that comes with greenhouse gas emissions. Companies like Ecovative use agricultural byproducts (inedible parts of crops) and mycelium mushrooms to create fully compostable packaging that acts as a replacement to expanded polystyrene that shelters fragile items in transit.
Medium loops in the R-model include Reuse, Repair, Refurbish, Remanufacture, and Repurpose (R3 – R7). Consider what may happen to the variety of materials used within the food industry. Instead of relying on throwaway single-use plastics, restaurants can reuse glass bottles and to-go packaging. Instead of purchasing brand new plastic tables and chairs, businesses can repair and refurbish antique furniture as unique seating. Instead of wasting money and energy for the finishing touches, restaurants can frequent a second-hand store to remanufacture or repurpose old items as decorations or serving ware with a bit of creativity. For example, our company Topanga works within the restaurant industry in Los Angeles to offer reusable to-go packaging that we clean and return to our partners for consistent reuse over and over.
The longest loops in the 9R framework are Recycle and Recovery (R8 - R9). These terms are applied to products that have been labeled as “waste” by their respective industry and require technical equipment and a new energy process to give it fresh value. It’s been standard practice to dispose of waste materials in landfills, but when restaurants make it an effort to recycle plastic goods and packaging, it helps extend the life of a product. Energy recovery usually requires the destruction or incineration of a material, but companies like Feedback continuously recover wasted food and agricultural byproducts to be fit for human consumption. Although the recovery process may require extra manpower and machinery, it’s worth avoiding the greenhouse gas emissions of rotting food while fighting food insecurity in local communities.
The High Value of the 9R Strategy
It’s time to begin rethinking our concept of waste as a resource instead of something to leave in a landfill. Our food systems, from farms to restaurants and cafes, can lead the way in implementing the 9R framework to create a circular economy fit for generations to come.
|
<urn:uuid:a81211bd-f63f-441c-85e2-74ddd4f8ea05>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.topanga.io/post/how-the-9r-framework-can-change-our-economy
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510219.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926175325-20230926205325-00724.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.918403 | 760 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Interesting Tax History
The information presented below has been gathered from a variety of online resources and is presented for the purpose of inspiring additional research and for some understanding of tax history. It is not without bias and reflects, in some instances, the opinion of the compiler.
3000 BC Egyptian Pharaohs’ tax collectors were known as scribes. Scribes imposed taxes
on such items as cooking oil and audited households to insure oils were not being reused.
550 BC Athenians imposed a tax in times of war referred to as eisphora. Greeks were one
of the few societies that rescinded a tax once the war emergency was over.
Foreigners (those who did not have both an Athenian mother and father) paid a monthly poll tax of one drachma for men and one half for women. This tax was referred to as metoikion.
27 BC The earliest taxes in Rome were customs duties on imports and exports called
portoria. Considered the most brilliant tax strategist of the Roman Empire, Caesar Augustus virtually eliminated the publican (tax collectors for the Senate) and localized tax collections to the cities. He also instituted an inheritance tax and used these funds to provide retirement benefits for the military.
60 AD The first tax revolt occurred and was led by Boadicea, queen of East Anglia who
was opposed to corrupt tax collectors in the British Isles. Emperor Nero crashed the Queen’s army unfortunately.
476 AD When Rome fell, the Saxon kings imposed taxes, referred to as danegeld on land
and property. This is the first property tax we have been able to confirm. Other
taxes were imposed (customs duties were the preferred type of the times).
1000 AD The second known tax revolt and certainly the most famous was when Lady
Godiva agreed to ride naked through the streets of Coventry if her husband, Leofric, Earl of Mercia, would reduce the heavy burden of taxes he levied on the citizens. A person named Tom is reported to have looked upon the naked Godiva thus creating the term Peeping Tom!
1337 – 1453 The 100 Year War between England and France was in part due to the oppressive
tax policies of Edward, The Black Prince. During these times, an income tax was imposed on the wealthy, office holders, and the clergy. A tax on property was imposed on merchants and the poor paid little or no taxes.
1629 Charles I problems with Parliament came about because of a disagreement about the rights of taxation afforded the King and the rights of taxation afforded the Parliament. The King's Writ stated that individuals should be taxed according to status and means therefore the idea of a progressive tax on those with the ability to pay was developed.
1647 The Smithfield riots occurred due to the taxes on land and various excise taxes that were assessed to pay for Oliver Cromwell’s army. The excise tax increased the tax on the poor so much rural laborers were unable to buy wheat. Lands used for hunting by the peasant class were also taxed and had it not been for Robin Hood, many would have starved.
1764 The Molasses Act was modified to include import duties on foreign molasses, sugar,
wine and other commodities and later became known as the Sugar Act.
1765 The Stamp Act was the fourth Stamp Act to be passed by Parliament. It was added since the Sugar Act failed to raise sufficient taxes and imposed a direct tax on all newspapers printed in the colonies as well as on all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards.
Americans rose up in strong protest, arguing that there should be "No Taxation without Representation". Boycotts forced Britain to repeal the stamp tax, while convincing many British leaders it was essential to tax the colonists on something in order to demonstrate the sovereignty of Parliament.
1767 The Townshend Revenue Act passed by Parliament that placed a tax on common products imported into the Colonies such as lead, paper, paint, glass and tea.
1773 The Tea Act was designed to undercut tea smugglers to the benefit of the East India Company. This tax was the cause of the Boston Tea Party which was an act of protest by the Colonists against Great Britain. This conflict escalated to war in 1775 (American Revolution) and thus America’s birth was the result of a tax revolt.
1794 The Whiskey Rebellion in the Colonies was the result of Alexander Hamilton’s excise tax
of 1791. Considered discriminatory, settlers rioted against the tax collectors and President Washington had to send in troops to end the riots.
1798 Congress enacted the Federal Property Tax to pay for expansion of the Army and Navy
in the event of war with France. John Fries began what is referred to as the "Fries Rebellion," in opposition to the new tax.
1861 The Tax Act proposed that "there shall be levied, collected, and paid, upon annual
income of every person residing in the U.S. whether derived from any kind of property, or from any professional trade, employment, or vocation carried on in the United States or elsewhere, or from any source whatever.” Although it passed, it was never put into force. Rates under the Act were 3% on income above $800 and 5% on income of individuals living outside America.
1862 The Tax Act of 1862 was passed to raise income for the Civil War. There was a 3% rate on income above $600 and 5% on income above $10,000. Although the people cheerfully accepted the tax, compliance was less than 1% of the population actually filing returns.
1864 The Tax Act of 1864 was passed to raise additional revenue. Rates were 5% for income between $600 and $5000, 7.5% for income between $5001 and $10,000 and 10% on income above $10,000. At the end of the Civil War, the public's accepted cheerfulness with regard to taxation waned and a flat 5% tax was adopted, was later lowered to 2.5%.
1872 The Tax Act was repealed and stiff tariff restrictions served as the major revenue source for America.
1913 The 16th Amendment was passed, allowing Congress authority to tax citizens on income.
MEANWHILE IN TEXAS….
Before 1978, the Texas Constitution required all property owners to pay property taxes with the exception of properties exempted by federal law, government owned properties and that belonging to churches and schools. Agricultural land benefited from lower valuation but the only other exemption was for Texans over the age of 65 who could qualify for a limited, partial reduction on their homes. Most other real and personal property was taxed including automobiles, household furniture, stocks, bonds and cash in the bank.
Although the Texas Constitution required taxation to be equal, uniform and based on market value, there was no uniform statewide assessment level and, each taxing jurisdiction set its taxable value. Local tax offices operated with little oversight with the exception of court decisions. Each government could hire an assessor to appraise properties to determine the amount of the tax due and they acted independently in creating tax policies including how they valued properties. As a result, property owners often were taxed on widely varying values on the same property with value protests decided by each tax office. The first ARB was county commissioners court and their decisions were considered to be politically motivated.
The Governor’s Office for Education Resources conducted a study to verify school district values were accurate during the 1970’s. This office is now known as the Property Tax Division and is under the oversight of the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts who continues to conduct an annual review of school district values.
The Texas Property Tax Code was adopted in the late 1970’s and consolidated the valuation function into one office in each county – the local appraisal district, headed by a chief appraiser who is hired by the Board of Directors who were initially required to be elected officials that were appointed by the local governments. This was changed in the 1990’s to provide for members of the public to be appointed. The chief appraiser of each appraisal district hires staff, prepares budgets, administers applications for exemptions, and oversees day-to-day district operations.
Initially, replacing the various assessors in a county with a single CAD created numerous problems including a legal challenge by Galveston County Tax Assessor Collector Chuck Wilson. Wilson contended that he had a Constitutional right to retain his duties to determine the value of property in the County. This case went to the Texas Supreme Court and the Galveston Central Appraisal District was victorious in maintaining its duty to appraise Galveston County’s property values.
Interestingly, accountability to the people remains remote and the words written in the dissenting opinion of Supreme Court Justice William Kilgarlin haunt many even today. In the opinion he affirms, “What we have wrought by the court’s opinion today is to give faceless, nameless boards, responsible to the electorate only in a most indirect and circuitous way, a stamp of approval to continue to escalate to irrational levels, appraised evaluations far in excess of the market value of people’s homes. If no taxation without representation was a popular theme a little over two hundred years ago, surely no appraisal without representation should share a similar accolade today.”
Today’s Property Tax Code requires each county appraisal district board to adopt every other year a Reappraisal Plan identifying how properties will be appraised. It also requires “truth-in-taxation” which is truly anything but with the calculations looking more like an IRS tax form that anything understandable by the general public.
Regardless, truth in taxation requires public hearings and notices by governments and establishes published calculations to establish limits on acceptable rates (effective rate which is the rate that will raise the same amount of tax as the previous year based on the same properties and a rollback rate which, at 4% over the effective rate forces a rollback election by school districts and at 8% for all other governments). Revenue growth beyond the limit allows voters to petition for a rollback. Two rollback elections have been held in Galveston County in the recent past – one in Texas City that failed to lower the rate and one in La Marque ISD that passed requiring the school board to lower the tax rate.
Regardless of truth in taxation benefits, the Texas property tax burden has grown tremendously and continues to see challenges by groups across the State as Texans continue to rise against tax increases.
The Texas Property Tax Code is typically amended every session of the Texas Legislature. Interested persons should track proposals online, conduct their own research and let their opinion be known to their elected officials.
Compiled January 2014
Cheryl E. Johnson, RTA, Galveston County Tax Assessor Collector
Note by compiler:
|
<urn:uuid:7ccd78ab-d86d-4085-a662-10a7d06cffbc>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
http://www.galvestoncountytx.gov/to/Pages/TaxHistory.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223202457.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032002-00472-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.977654 | 2,237 | 3.625 | 4 |
Formal name: The People's Republic of China (PRC)
Constitution: After the founding of the PRC, four Constitutions have been formulated successively in 1954, 1975, 1978 and 1982. The present Constitution was adopted in 1982 and amended four times, most recently on March 14, 2004.
Top legislative power: The National People's Congress (NPC) and its Standing Committee. Representing the people and all levels of people's congresses in China, the NPC supervises all state-level institutions. Its powers include electing the President of China.
Head of State: President Hu Jintao elected March 15, 2003.
Top administrative body: The State Council, which is the cabinet or chief administrative body of the PRC that includes the heads of all governmental agencies. Headed by Premier Wen Jiabao.
Military: The People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Second Artillery Force. Hu Jintao is chairman of the Central Military Commission of China, the country's top military agency and commander of its armed forces.
National flag: Red flag with five stars.
National emblem: Tiananmen gatetower under five stars, encircled by ears of grain and with a gear wheel below.
National anthem: March of the Volunteers. Decided upon as the provisional national anthem of the new China on September 27, 1949, at the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the song was officially adopted as the national anthem of the PRC on December 4, 1982, by the NPC.
National Day: Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
Other national holidays: Spring Festival (the celebration of Chinese New Year, generally between the last 10-day period of January and mid-February) and International Labor Day (May 1). Major holidays in China are occasions for family reunions and traveling. Starting in October 1999, China's three official holidays became "Golden Weeks" each with seven days vacation made possible by working four extra days before the commencement of the holiday and afterwards.
Land size: China has a landmass of 9,600,000 sq km, making it roughly the same area as the continental United States.
Location: In the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean.
Border countries: Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam.
Climate: Extremely diverse; tropical in the south to subarctic in the north.
Geography: Mountains, high plateaus, and deserts in the west; plains,
deltas, and hills in the east. The highest mountain in China is the highest
mountain in the world: Mount Qomolangma. The mountain towers above all others
Animal: The giant panda is considered a Chinese national treasure. Just over 1,000 survive in the wild, most of them in Sichuan Province. The giant panda is one of more than 100 species of wild animals found only in China, including three endangered monkey species that are almost as rare as the panda: the black leaf monkey, the Guizhou golden monkey or snub-nosed monkey and the Yunnan golden monkey.
Flower: China does not have an "official" national flower, but the tree peony can be regarded as a national favorite. The tree peony (mudan) received the most votes in an unofficial survey conducted in 1994 in every district in China asking people to select a national flower. Other ornamental plants originating in China include the azalea and rhododendron, camellia, gardenia, hibiscus, chrysanthemum, etc.
Bird: More bird species live in China than any other place in the world. Shaanxi Province's red ibis is also a national treasure. Only some 1,500 of this highly endangered bird species exist. Other cranes found in China include the Siberian white, common, black-necked sarus.
Tree: The oldest tree in the world is China's gingko, which first appeared during the Jurassic Age some 160 million years ago.
Population: China is the world's most populous country with a population estimated at about 1.30756 billion by the end of 2005, one-fifth of the world's total. This figure does not include the Chinese living in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and Taiwan Province.
Population density: The population density is about 135 people per sq km, roughly four times greater than that of the US.
Population ethnicity: 91.6 percent of Chinese people are Han. The non-Han population includes 55 ethnic minorities, of which the major groups are the Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uygur, Yi, Tujia, Mongolian, and Tibetan.
Population distribution: Most of the population of China lives in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and Pearl River valleys, and the Northeast Plain. In 2000 a "go-west" campaign was launched by the government to help its relatively backward western and central areas catch up with more affluent eastern China.
Religions: The number of religious worshippers in China is estimated at well over 100 million, most of whom follow Buddhism. Other major religions are Daoism, Islam and Christianity in both Catholic and Protestant forms.
Languages: Standard Chinese or Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect, Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, and Hakka dialects, as well as minority languages. In 1958, the First National People's Congress approved, at its Fifth Session, the adoption of the Pinyin (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) for spelling Chinese names and places in Roman letters, but the Pinyin system was not popularly used until the late 1970s. Pinyin is now widely seen in China, and it replaces earlier Romanization spelling systems.
Political parties: The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the country's sole political party in power. Hu Jintao became general secretary of the CPC at its 16th National Congress in November 2002. Founded in July 1921, the CPC today has more than 70.8 million members. There are eight other parties.
Top advisory body: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC). Representing all ethnic groups and a broad range of political and special interest groups, the CPPCC provides advice on social issues and exercises democratic supervision over the government.
Administrative divisions: China is made up of 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao. The 23 provinces are Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; the five autonomous regions are Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet; the four municipalities are Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai and Tianjin.
Currency: Renminbi (RMB)/yuan
|
<urn:uuid:be4ed889-481c-4130-a122-3cd901421080>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://www.maps-china.com/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823168.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20171018233539-20171019013539-00051.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.929746 | 1,592 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Problem solving—an ability to define problems and integrate a range of abilities and resources to reach decisions, make recommendations, or implement action plans.
Values within decision making—an ability to reflect and to habitually seek to understand the moral dimensions of decisions and to accept responsibility for the consequences of actions.
Social interaction—an understanding of how to get things done in committees, task forces, team projects, and other group efforts.
Global perspective—an ability to articulate interconnections between and among diverse opinions, ideas, and beliefs about global issues.
Effective citizenship—an ability to make informed choices and develop strategies for collaborative involvement in community issues.
Aesthetic responsiveness—an ability to make informed responses to artistic works that are grounded in knowledge of the theoretical, historical, and cultural contexts.
The abilities cut across disciplines and are subdivided into six developmental levels. The six levels represent a developmental sequence that begins with objective awareness of one’s own performance process for a given ability and specifies increasingly complex knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Students must demonstrate consistent performance at level 4 for each of the eight abilities prior to graduation. An example of the development levels for problem solving appears in Box F-7.
Each of Alverno’s educational programs also defines a set of abilities distinctive to each major and minor area. These outcomes, identified by faculty as essen-
BOX F-7 Levels of Learning Outcomes for Problem Solving
SOURCE: Alverno College Faculty, 1973/2000.
|
<urn:uuid:845c9df0-7a6b-41dd-9d46-1652c284341b>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10090&page=323
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500800168.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021320-00094-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.922039 | 307 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Search for native plants by scientific name, common name or family. If you are not sure what you are looking for, try the Combination Search or our Recommended Species lists.
Search native plant database:
Amorpha herbacea Walter
Clusterspike false indigo, Cluster-spike Indigobush
USDA Symbol: AMHE
USDA Native Status: L48 (N)
Amorpha herbacea has whitish to blue-violet flowers in fan-like masses on top of the plant and gray-downy foliage with up to 40 leaflets.
Plant CharacteristicsDuration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Flower:
Fruit: Size Class:
1-3 ft. , 3-6 ft.
Bloom InformationBloom Color: Pink
, SC Native Habitat:
Edges of sub-xeric sand hills, scrub, scrubby flatwoods.
National Wetland Indicator Status
|Status:|| FAC || FAC |
This information is derived from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Wetland Plant List, Version 3.1
(Lichvar, R.W. 2013. The National Wetland Plant List: 2013 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2013-49: 1-241). Click here
for map of regions.
Record Last Modified: 2012-10-29
|
<urn:uuid:77df4c34-2cbb-4bb2-9d11-60754936cd39>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=AMHE
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163037167/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131717-00078-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.701784 | 288 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Control of blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients often fails to meet the targets suggested by the British Hypertension Society (BHS) guidelines. The optimal treatment target for non-diabetic patients is ⩽ 140/85 mm Hg. Data from the health survey for England show that in 1998 only 8% of men and 11% of women had blood pressure controlled to < 140/90 mm Hg. The Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial (ASCOT) data show that 87% of non-diabetic patients in the St Mary’s Centre are currently treated to below 140/90 mm Hg. These differences can be explained by strict protocol adherence, a focus on cardiovascular disease, longer consultation times and punctual appointments, reinforcement of non-pharmacological advice, and blood pressure readings taken in line with BHS guidelines. Some of these points might be translated into the more challenging setting of primary care.
- coronary heart disease
- ASCOT, Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial
- BHS, British Hypertension Society
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Controlling blood pressure is of paramount importance in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and remains a challenge for health care professionals. Although there is no specific level at which a cardiovascular event occurs, it is known that there is less risk of an event occurring if blood pressure is lowered to a low “normal” level.
The British Hypertension Society (BHS) issued guidelines for the management of hypertension in 1999.1 These guidelines set target levels for the control of blood pressure: for those without diabetes, the target was ⩽ 140/85 mm Hg and for those with diabetes it was ⩽ 140/80 mm Hg. In addition, an audit standard—the minimum acceptable level of control—was set at ⩽ 150/90 mm Hg for those without diabetes and ⩽ 140/85 mm Hg for those with diabetes.
The cross sectional health survey for England looked at the management of hypertension in adults in 1994 and again in 1998.2 The results showed that there is a high prevalence of hypertension which is untreated according to current BHS targets. Table 1 shows that awareness, treatment, and control rates in 1998 had increased compared with 1994. Nevertheless, in 1998 only 8% of men and 11% of women had blood pressure controlled to ⩽ 140/90 mm Hg.
THE ASCOT STUDY
The Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial (ASCOT) is an ongoing multicentre prospective randomised trial designed to compare two antihypertensive regimens—calcium channel blocker with and without an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and β blocker with or without a diuretic—in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease in more than 18 000 hypertensive patients at risk of cardiovascular events.3 An α blocker was given as third line treatment in both arms. In addition, a proportion of patients were randomised to receive atorvastatin 10 mg or placebo.
Patients were recruited from general practice and more than 85% were already receiving treatment for hypertension. The mean blood pressure at entry to the study was 164/95 mm Hg. Figure 1 shows that the mean blood pressure fell dramatically over the first year of the study. The lipid arm of the study was closed at three years, at which point the mean blood pressure was 138/80 mm Hg for both groups. The blood pressure lowering arm of ASCOT is ongoing.
At the St Mary’s Hospital ASCOT centre we have 872 patients. Among the non-diabetic patients, 87% have their blood pressures controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg. Among our diabetic patients, 60% have their blood pressure controlled under 130/80 mm Hg, a slightly lower level than the BHS guideline target of 140/80 mm Hg.
HOW TARGET BLOOD PRESSURES WERE OBTAINED
Our success in the ASCOT clinic at reaching hypertension targets with the majority of patients can be put down to several factors. Firstly, the clinic has a primary focus on cardiovascular disease: this is our specialty and we do not treat or investigate anything that is not associated with hypertension. Therefore we can afford to concentrate our expertise in reducing blood pressure levels.
All staff at the clinic adhere to a strict protocol of increasing medication. If blood pressure targets are not reached in any individual subject, that person’s medication is increased. Even if the average reading is 141 mm Hg systolic we will increase medication, providing previous readings have not been low. Temperature, illness, stress, weather, time of day, and so on are not reasons for failing to increase medication. Occasionally we may suggest that a patient returns in a couple of weeks for a re-check when there are extenuating circumstances.
At each visit, clinic staff will check whether or not the subject has taken their medication in the last 24 hours and if tablets have been missed in the past few weeks. It is important for staff to be certain of this before making any changes to treatment. Patients are asked to bring all study drugs and other prescribed medications they are currently taking to each visit. The nurse will then ask the patient to explain what they are actually taking. It is surprising how often patients do not take what is prescribed or are taking the wrong tablets. Side effects are a common cause of non-compliance with medication and patients are asked at each visit if they are experiencing any problems with their medication.
More than 80% of patients attending the clinic are taking more than one antihypertensive medication, and 40% are taking more than three different drugs. Combining different classes of drugs has been shown to be the most effective strategy for reducing blood pressure. Too many patients are still taking only one drug and are poorly controlled. The clinic follows BHS recommendations into the most effective combinations to use with various groups of patients (fig 2).4
The usual ASCOT clinic appointment is 30 minutes long, compared with the 7.5 minutes for a general practitioner appointment. This additional time gives us the opportunity to assess the patient’s blood pressure, weight, and general condition, and to undertake blood and urine sampling, review their past blood results and provide non-pharmacological advice as well as tablet dispensing. This is all done in a relaxed environment with the offer of tea or coffee at the end of the appointment if patients have been fasting. There are rarely more than three people in the waiting room at any one time.
Appointments are punctual. This is important as we recognise that all patients are volunteers. Patients also become frustrated if they are kept waiting, reflected in a rise in blood pressure.
The electronic blood pressure devices that we use to measure blood pressure have been validated by the BHS, and are recalibrated yearly to ensure they are reading accurately. The blood pressure taking skills of each nurse are assessed when joining the clinic and familiarity with all blood pressure devices used is essential.
Blood pressure measurements are always taken in accordance with BHS guidelines: patients’ arms are measured at each visit to ascertain cuff size, and patients sit for five minutes before their blood pressure is taken. Three readings are taken at least one minute apart and there is no conversation during this time. Sometimes the nurse may leave the room if we feel our presence is causing a rise in pressure.
Non-pharmacological advice is given at each visit, even for patients who have been coming to the clinic for several years. We tend to focus on one area of lifestyle at a time. An increase of a few pounds in weight tends to show an increase in blood pressure. This difference can give patients a reason to focus on changes.
Time constraints and work pressures will inevitably mean that some of the features of this clinic cannot be translated into the general practice setting. Nevertheless, blood pressure control could be improved by using a protocol: this is probably the key aspect of the ASCOT clinic that helps us to focus our attention on lowering blood pressure. If blood pressure remains uncontrolled after three drugs are given, referral to a specialised clinic may be useful, providing that:
Blood pressure has been taken correctly. Are all BP machines validated and calibrated? Anaeroid machines are notorious for being inaccurate. One recent study suggested that only one in 54 practices had arrangements in place for maintenance and calibration of sphygmomanometers.5
Patients are taking all drugs as prescribed. Ask the patient about side effects and whether or not they have missed any tablets, stressing that it is important for you to know this before you give them further medication. Look at concomitant medication—steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs can both cause a rise in blood pressure.
There has been discussion of non-pharmacological measures to reduce blood pressure.
Controlling blood pressure is of paramount importance for preventing cardiovascular disease. Although treating hypertension to target level provides a challenge for health care professionals, the experience of ASCOT is that target levels can be achieved. Strict protocol adherence, reinforcement of non-pharmacological advice, and attention to patient compliance has contributed to achieving positive results in this clinic. Some of these points could be translated into the more challenging setting of primary care.
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.
|
<urn:uuid:20bc1f80-3cc1-40cf-8356-6cdfe5ecb536>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://heart.bmj.com/content/90/suppl_4/iv33
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886110578.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822104509-20170822124509-00665.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945879 | 1,944 | 2.625 | 3 |
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!
Approximant, in phonetics, a sound that is produced by bringing one articulator in the vocal tract close to another without, however, causing audible friction (see fricative). Approximants include semivowels, such as the y sound in “yes” or the w sound in “war.”
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
phonetics: ApproximantsApproximants are produced when one articulator approaches another but does not make the vocal tract so narrow that a turbulent airstream results. The terms frictionless continuant, semivowel, and glide are sometimes used for some of the sounds made with this manner of articulation. The…
phonetics: Consonant formants…consonants such as stops and approximants (semivowels) are more like vowels in that they can be characterized in part by the resonant frequencies—the formants—of their vocal tract shapes. They differ from vowels in that during a voiced stop closure there is very little acoustic energy, and during the release phase…
Fricative, in phonetics, a consonant sound, such as English for v,produced by bringing the mouth into position to block the passage of the airstream, but not making complete closure, so that air moving through the mouth generates audible friction. Fricatives (also sometimes called “spirants”) can be produced with the…
|
<urn:uuid:14534d90-8bb8-4842-968f-780284cb7e1b>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
https://www.britannica.com/topic/approximant
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738595.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809222112-20200810012112-00093.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940386 | 344 | 3.453125 | 3 |
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) conducts investigative hearings in conjunction with ongoing investigations and studies to determine the facts, circumstances, and probable cause of a transportation event and to make recommendations to improve transportation safety.
What is an Investigative Hearing?
An investigative hearing allows the NTSB to gather sworn testimony from witnesses on issues identified by the investigative team for a specific transportation event or systemic safety issues. The sworn testimony will become part of the public record of the investigation or study. NTSB is authorized to compel testimony, through use of a subpoena, if necessary.
An in-person or virtual hearing provides an opportunity for the public to observe the progress of the investigation.
There is no set location for an investigative hearing. When needed, the NTSB holds investigative hearings in the field near the location of the transportation event.
Investigative hearings are different from town hall meetings or other public hearings in that only invited witnesses may speak at the hearing.
Investigative Hearing vs. Board Meeting
Unlike a Board Meeting, Board Members do not conduct any deliberations or analysis during an investigative hearing, and the hearing does not result in a report. Rather, the hearing is wholly fact-finding in nature. Like a board meeting, an investigative hearing is normally open for public observation.
Investigative Hearing Process
At the start of every investigation, NTSB determines if an investigative hearing is necessary based on the public interest.
If NTSB decides to hold an investigative hearing, the NTSB designates parties to the proceeding who contribute a variety of perspectives on the issues the NTSB will address at the hearing. A party may be any person or organization with specialized knowledge that would contribute to the development of pertinent evidence.
Before a hearing, the NTSB holds a pre-hearing conference during which each party has an opportunity to provide input on the subject matter of the hearing. This helps the NTSB to set the focus of the discussion and limit the questions and evidence presented specifically to the subject matter of the hearing.
Then the NTSB identifies individuals or representatives of organizations as hearing witnesses. These witnesses possess information that:
- the NTSB has not already discovered,
- needs clarification, or
- should be publicly vetted in an open forum.
During the hearing, only NTSB investigative staff, NTSB Board members, and designated parties to the proceeding may ask questions of witnesses, who testify under oath. The hearing is recorded live, and the public is invited to attend in person or virtually.
After the hearing, the NTSB will use the information gathered to complete the investigation, determine probable cause, and make recommendations to improve transportation safety. A transcript of the hearing testimony is typically prepared and saved to the docket.
Assigning Fault or Blame
The NTSB does not assign fault or blame for an accident or incident; rather, NTSB investigations are factfinding proceedings with no adverse parties and are not conducted for the purpose of determining the rights, liabilities, or blame of any person or entity.
As a result, the NTSB does not permit questions related to fault, outside litigation, or legal liability in general. Questions related to legal liability or fault are not relevant to the fact-finding purposes of an NTSB investigative hearing or to the NTSB’s statutory mission to improve transportation safety by investigating accidents and incidents and issuing safety recommendations.
|
<urn:uuid:b11538c1-3173-44c3-8946-fcaa00ef7c8f>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/process/Pages/investigativehearings.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943749.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322020215-20230322050215-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.915972 | 682 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Petrified human feces from the 14th century have revealed the earliest evidence of an arms race in the human gut. Our intestinal bacteria, it seems, were employing antibiotics long before people developed drugs like penicillin.
The bacteria that live in your intestines are territorial little suckers. When new microbes arrive, the natives fight them off with antibiotics. The invaders respond by developing immunity to these compounds. So the native bacteria in your gut—known as the microbiome—develop ever stronger antibiotics. This war has likely been waging in the human intestine for eons, but scientists have had little evidence of its history.
That’s now changed, thanks to a surprise find in Namur, Belgium. An urban development project there unearthed some historic bowel movements in 1996. Excavation under a town square revealed latrines from the Middle Ages buried 4 meters deep. Each held sealed barrels of human waste that had not been aired out in nearly 700 years.
Paleomicrobiologists carefully extracted the fossilized feces—known as coprolites (they look a bit like poop-shaped rocks)—from the barrels to prevent modern bacteria and viruses from contaminating the medieval microbes. A preserved fecal deposit eventually plopped into the virology lab of Christelle Desnues at the Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE) in Marseille, France.
Her team bored into the coprolite, extracting a piece of its core approximately the weight of a nickel. Electron microscopy exposed viruslike structures peppered throughout the samples. When the team sequenced the genomes of all the viruses in the ancient poop, they discovered that most of them were bacteria-loving viruses called bacteriophages, or “phages” for short. Phages are the cargo ships of the bacterial world, picking up genes from one bacterium and transferring them to another. Occasionally, this process instills their bacterial hosts with an evolutionary advantage. Indeed, researchers have observed modern-day phages shipping antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria that cause infections, thus increasing their virulence.
Desnues and her team discovered that the phage genomes from the coprolite were packed with antibiotic resistance genes, as they report online this month in Applied and Environmental Microbiology. This supports that bacteriophages are an ancient reservoir of resistance genes in the gut, dating back as far as the Middle Ages, Desnues says.
A broader diversity of antibiotic resistance genes were observed in the coprolite. “It was surprising that the ancient stool had more [antibiotic resistance] genes than modern stool samples,” says Jeremy Barr, a microbiologist at San Diego State University in California who was not involved with the study. If this coprolite specimen is representative of the time period, then the reduction in these genes over time may reflect that modern sanitation in food or water supplies have weakened the defenses of gut bacteria, he says.
Interestingly, Desnues’s team’s research reveals that the phages also carried metabolic genes that equip host bacteria with the ability to process fats and amino acids, which may be the traits that made them so useful to our intestines in the first place. Members of the human microbiome help us digest food, temper inflammation, and may fight obesity—so their resistance to antibiotics actually benefits us.
“It's as if we need these phages as part of our microbiome,” says Vincent Racaniello, a microbiologist at Columbia University who was not involved in the research. He says that though the species of gut phages have changed over time, the key genes that they swap have remained the same. “We evolved as humans to house [gut phages] for the functions they provide—that’s the coolest part.”
|
<urn:uuid:3877c664-7be6-48ec-906d-b6ecca1b55bc>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/02/700-year-old-poop-tracks-history-human-gut-microbes?rss=1
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806620.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122175744-20171122195744-00530.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952807 | 779 | 4.34375 | 4 |
Introducing our sheet music exercise for duduk players, aimed at improving your fingering techniques for the F# and Eb notes. This exercise is comprised of three challenging and progressively difficult drills, each covering different approaches to playing these notes, including top, bottom, and mixed. To ensure accuracy, students are advised to use a reference note on the piano or another instrument or listen to the reference audio below.
The initial struggle to play these notes cleanly is normal, but with consistent practice and dedication, mastery will become a reality. Get ready to take your duduk playing to the next level!
Reference Audio for A duduk:
Sign up for our newsletter
Sign up for our mailing list to receive new product alerts, special offers, and coupon codes.
|
<urn:uuid:3c3419e5-fed0-4694-9f7d-09a0cd12d8e4>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.dudukhouse.com/collections/duduk-resources/products/free-duduk-exercise-for-f-and-eb-notes
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653183.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230606214755-20230607004755-00263.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.91651 | 191 | 2.59375 | 3 |
An extended drought, heavy thunderstorms and lightning followed by floods or tornadoes most likely rank at the top of their natural disaster concerns.
Be that as it may, Precinct 1 Commissioner Bill Neve has agreed to let the Ohio State University College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences gather local data from his home as part of the school’s long-term scientific studies devoted to earthquakes.
The studies are part of the university’s “Earth Scope” program, Neve said.
“They are going to dig a hole in my pasture and put some seismic instruments into it,” Neve added.
Operating on solar power, the instruments will produce high-resolution images and keep track of movement and shifts of the Earth’s crust and mantle along a grid across the United States for about three years, Neve said.
He granted the university permission to plant the instruments on his property at no charge, Neve said.
“They have already finished building a grid along the West Coast,” Neve added. “Each point in the grid has to be a certain amount of miles apart, and they just need one in this area.”
Earthquakes have occurred in Texas and nearby regions, even though they have not been a major historical threat to Texans, according to the University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics.
Earlier this year, the U.S. Geological Survey recorded a minor earthquake about 255 miles northwest of Austin. The tremors produced a number of 2.7 near the low end of the Richter magnitude scale, which assigns a number to measure the amount of energy released by an earthquake.
Minor earthquakes are recorded but seldom felt, according to USGS officials.
Also according to survey officials, the most significant earthquake in Texas occurred in 1931, when tremors produced a Richter scale magnitude of 5.8. Although scientists believed it was a relatively moderate earthquake, the tremors still severely damaged cemeteries, homes and schools in Valentine, and officials reported more property damage in Brewster, Culberson, Jeff Davis and Presidio counties.
For more information on the Ohio State Earth Scope study, visit www.earthscope.org.
|
<urn:uuid:0c93d4b4-588d-4f66-8ca3-0aaf4901a415>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.dailytrib.com/2008/10/02/burnetcomm100208/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999652862/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060732-00070-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952467 | 459 | 3.078125 | 3 |
On the 30th November we held a community catchment workshop in Millbrook to discuss the environmental issues and opportunities in the village.
Millbrook has a rich and eclectic environmental history. Sat on the edge of the estuary, the village has long been prone to flooding and we’ve listened as villagers recounted memories of rowing up and down the high street each time high tides and pressure systems combined to push tidal surges up into its centre. Flooding was an event that occurred as often as four or five times a year during the childhoods of many of the residents.
However, following severe flooding in the seventies, a tidal barrage was constructed across the estuary, significantly reducing the risk of tidal flooding. It was in this process that the Millbrook Lake was formed on the inland side of the tidal barrage – a lake which is a well-loved feature within the Millbrook community.
The tidal wall has played a huge role in protecting the Millbrook residents from flooding. The Environment Agency estimate that over 100 floods have been prevented by the wall, which is of little surprise to those who remember the frequent flooding of the past.
But in 2012, severe flooding of the village, both in November and December, began to raise questions:
Why had so much floodwater accumulated in the village centre? Where had it come from? What had prevented it from draining away?
So why did Millbrook flood?
We helped the villagers of Millbrook to unpick some of the events and causes that had led to their homes being flooded in 2012. With the help of the Environment Agency and the villagers themselves, we began to understand the complexity of the flooding in Millbrook.
It was widely agreed that the source of the floodwater in the 2012 flood events was not the sea, as had been the case historically. Rather, in 2012 the floodwater had come from the intense rainfall that had
preceded the flooding and which had flowed through the catchment via rivers and overland flow before building up in the village centre.
Understanding why the water had backed up within the village was far less certain and much of the attention had been focussed on Millbrook Lake. Had the flood gate been opened, could the water have flowed freely from the village into the lake and out into the estuary?
The answer to this question is not entirely straight forward, as there are a range of factors that contributed to the flooding in 2012. These can broadly be put into two main categories; 1. problems related to infrastructure, which included a blocked culvert under the village and the movement of water into and out of the lake, and 2. too much water running too quickly off the surrounding land into the village.
More specifically, we learnt that the flooding had largely been caused by the large volume of water that was running down the hill to the south of the village, which had exceeded the capacity of the culvert designed to channel the water under the village and into the lake. This water had arrived rapidly in the village where a build-up of debris was slowing the flow of water into the culvert system, leading to the dramatic over-topping of water into the village centre where it accumulated.
In the aftermath of the 2012 flooding, the Environment Agency has carried out extensive research into why Millbrook flooded and, as a result, the infrastructure within the village has been improved to reduce the risk of debris blocking the culverts. A new flood wall has also been built in the village to redirect water away from houses and into the culvert and there are plans to increase the size of the culvert on the hill to the south of the village.
We held a drop-in session in Millbrook on the 30th September, during which the Millbrook community discussed their knowledge of the flooding issue, as well as wider environmental issues in the area, and how they saw the Millbrook catchment being managed in the future. The day culminated with a presentation and workshop in the evening, with over 60 people attending throughout the course of the day. We were overwhelmed by the community spirit shown by the Millbrook residents, their engagement in their local environment and willingness to continue to build on the wealth of natural resources on their doorstep.
Over the course of the day, it was clear that flooding remains a major concern to those living in Millbrook. While the Environment Agency is making great improvements to the flood mitigation efforts within the village, we are also keen to address the root causes of why water moves so rapidly through the Millbrook catchment and to try and slow this flow. There are also huge opportunities in the village for natural flood management and sustainable drainage systems (SuDS), which the community was keen to explore further.
We are also keen to work with the Millbrook villagers to tackle some of the other concerns that they have about their local environment. How should the Millbrook Lake be managed (as a freshwater or a saltwater environment)? How can we reduce sediment loads and improve water quality in Millbrook streams? How can we make the most of the amenities within the village?
Millbrook is a stunning place to live and we are looking forward to continuing to work with the local community to make the most of the opportunities available to them and ensure that the environmental issues faced by the village do not overshadow the many wonderful things about living in Millbrook.
|
<urn:uuid:a191d1ab-3c18-430c-b983-b23b9cd17590>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://wrt.org.uk/millbrook/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145443.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221045555-20200221075555-00154.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.98382 | 1,083 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The Koay Jetty are the descendents of the Hui, Arabs and Han Chinese people who settled in Malaysia some point in time a few hundred years ago. Over the course of time their belief system has evolved into a mixture of Chinese traditional religions and Islam. Here is an except on an article about these people from one of the bloggers from Malaysia.
History of Guo Arab Clan in Fujian, South China
The 郭 Koay clan which is among the Hui clan in Penang Island in the essay of Prof. Ong’s essay are the descents of this Arab known as I-Pen-Khu-Se Tek-Kwan-Kong. I don’t know how to write these in Chinese characters it sounds like Fujianese and I am not literate in the dialect. This guy created a Chinese name for himself Koay Tek Kwan. During Ming dynasty around 1376, an Arab clan in China led by this guy known as Koay Teng Hui moved into a village known as Pek Kee in Quanzhou in the province of Hui An. This clan brought with them 30 chapters of the Quran. The descents also opened nine settlements with 13 clan villages.
The Pek Kee village was near the port of Quanzhou or as Arabs called it as Zaytun. It is facing Taiwan across the Straits. It was a famous port with minorities of Persian adn Arab merchants. It was founded since 8th century and reached its zenith during Mongol’s dynasty. To be accepted by mainstream Chinese society, this Arab clan used the surname created by their ancestors. They claimed themselves as the 郭 Guo who were the descents of a Muslim general from Tang dynasty which controlled the Turkestan and western part of Silk Route. In the same time, this general had promoted Tang civilization so Chinese cultural sphere also expands to Central Asia. In Southern China, Chinese were called as Tang people not Han like in China. In Cantonese, Tang is also used to refer to Chinese people. Modern Cantonese perhaps using modern name of China to refer to Chinese people.
The fifth generation of the Koay Teng Hui guy found that their village of Pek Kee facing attacks by Han Chinese extremists. This is because a group of Hui had supported the Ming dynasty government to put down a rebellion of Hans in Fujian. As the consequence, the rebels attacked Hui villages all over Fujian. To protect the lives, the Koay villagers suppressed and hide their Muslim identity. They also intermarried Han women for generation and allowed Han women to rear pigs so the village would not be marked as a Muslim village.
In the emergency, the amirs of this Arab clan collectively announced a fatawa where they may consume pork as to protect their life from being threatened. However, they must die as a Muslim and return to their “true” religion when they almost die. The deceased family and relatives must also follow practices with “cultural rituals” for mourning at least 49 days and some up to three years. When a member of the clan died, an imam would go to the home of the deceased and place the glorious Quran on a new piece cloth laid over the table in front of the coffin. He would recite the Quran from the first page to the last. The he would advise the family to refrain from pork for 49 days.
This clan has complete genealogical records. In the genealogical book, there is a preamble reminding the clan members that they are Hui/Muslims. No longer in any danger, the eighth generation descents reverted to pure Muslim lifestyle and established a school and a masjid. However some of the were already assimilated into Han culture. Their life is heavily influenced by the Han Chinese surrounding them.
As Arab descents, the Koays were successful traders and seafarers. However, during Qing dynasty, their seafaring activities between Fujian and Taiwan (Formosa) were stopped by the government. This coupled with political and economic instability which caused the decline of Pek Kee Arab village.
History of Guo Arab Clan in Penang
The fortunes of Koays suffered. By the time this Arab clan from China reached Penang Island in late 19th century, they were merchants but without capital. Moreover, they had integrated with Han Chinese to the extent they had lost most of their original Arab traits.
When they reached Penang Island, they found that they shared the same language and the same culture as most Chinese immigrants from Fujian. The only difference was their religion. In Penang, they worked as traders, port coolies and boatmen. They were also in charcoal business. They rented four houses and lived together as a clan commune at Noordin Street. Around 1950s, they established a jetty at the end of Weld Quay (C. Y. Choy Rd.) It was the last clan jetty to be built. They found that they need support from mainstream Chinese community in Penang.
The Koay settlement in Penang saw themselves as an extension of their original clan village in China. The diaspora of this clan had also settled in Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia apart of other coastal South East Asia countries. They still kept close touch with their home village and with each other.
The following example, illustrates close networking among them. In 1946, the supreme leader of the clan in Hui An ordered funds to be raised for a school dedicated to the memory of Koay Chee Hong who was a martyr during anti-Japanese war who died in 1942. A letter was issued by clan leaders in Taiwan led by a chairman from Hui An authorizing the clan leaders of the Koay community in Penang to collect funds. The funds were to be remitted to Hui An where the school was to be built.
The Koay clan community in Penang had problems communicating with other Muslims in Penang though they were Muslims. They could not understand many of the latter’s practices. For example, belief in local saints was something alien to them and a masjid with onion dome did not look or feel like a masjid for them. On the other hand, they feel they were alienated from the larger Muslim community and on the other hand they feel closer to mainstream Chinese community and depended on their support to survive. As a result these people in Penang reverted to the fatawa of their fifth generation amirs.
In 1975, the Koay community in Penang published a notice which was to be framed and hung on the wall by every clansmen. The notice provides generational names to be followed by the Koay for 40 generations. The present generation of this Chinese speaking Arab descents can trace their genealogy back to between 17-22 generations. The notice stated that since early times they were in empire, they have been Muslims. They have been steadfast in their prayers and never changed it for generations…. After China became a republic, many of the clan came to South East Asia and were scattered all over Singapore and Malaysia. However due to great differences in human relations and environment they gradually departed and declined from Islamic teaching and ancestral path. But in the practice of remembering their Muslim ancestors, they will strictly observe halal food without pork. This is actually the fatawa of their fifth generation amirs. It shows that they never forgotten their origins.
|
<urn:uuid:9a21b856-7d06-437b-9a9d-83f4803d7fb9>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://islaminchina.wordpress.com/2013/08/02/the-case-of-koay-jetty/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535923940.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909031759-00116-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.984042 | 1,512 | 2.734375 | 3 |
What Is the Library All About?
The What About Us Library is an initiative of LAST that provides resources on neurodiversity and self-advocacy as well as other books of interest to the local Autistic Community. We also provide stim toys that are available for borrowing. The library is housed in room 113 of Knollwood Park Public School, and can be accessed on Monday nights from 6:00-8:00
You can Help this Project Grow:
If you want to contribute resources to building and maintaining the library you can do so in several ways.
You can drop book donations off at:
141 Gammage Street, London Ontario, N5Y 2B2
414 Chippendale Crescent, London Ontario, N5Z 3G3
or you can donate to our paypal:
Respond To Unmet Needs:
There are many needs in our community that are not being met by the very limited services available to Autistic adults in Ontario.
We are finding that many Autistic adults have not had adequate sex education or access to other necessary resources. Either because accessible sex ed was not offered in segregated classes, or as a result of other factors, such as frequently changing schools, or missing classes due to bullying. A lack of sexual education leaves all people vulnerable.
Additionally, many Autistic adults have experiences of trauma, and other mental health challenges that may be complicated by a lack of understanding of Autism from many healthcare providers. Existing supports for Autism are also frequently insufficient and do not take the complexity of individual experience into account. Too often behavioural interventions focus on eliminating a-typical behaviour but do not adequately provide coping strategies for sensory and emotional regulation.
To address these needs our library includes sex ed resources for all ages, with an emphasis on inclusion and teaching consent and bodily autonomy. We also have mental health and wellness resources to help adults develop positive coping strategies, and strategies for managing executive functioning and other co-occuring impairments. Our Stim Toy Library allows for greater access to aids for sensory and emotional regulation. It also allows adults to experiment with different items and strategies to see what works for them.
Provide Empowering Perspectives
Providing diverse representation in fiction opens up imaginative space for what our lives can be. Our fiction section offers some books by Autistic authors, as well as books with Autistic and/or neurodivergent coded characters covering a diverse range of genres, eras and backgrounds. We feel it’s important that these aren’t just books about autism, but also sci-fi, fantasy, mystery, and other genres that happen to feature diverse and neurodivergent characters.
We also provide first person memoirs by neurodivergent authors, and biographies of neurodivergent people.
Finally we also have books specifically about Autism and Neurodiversity, and the Autistic experience.
There isn’t one experience of Autism and it’s important that our library reflect the diversity of our community. In presenting diverse fiction books in our library we hope to combat stigma and stereotyping, and promote acceptance and empowerment of all Autistic people.
Educate Ourselves and Our Community
It is our hope that the Library will provide our community, and also the friends, family members, educators and professionals who share our lives, with resources to learn about Neurodiversity in a way which promotes acceptance and centres the perspectives of Neurodivergent people.
While the main focus of our library is Neurodiversity, we also offer a range of other reference materials beyond those directly related to disability.
Our How To and Activities section provides practical guides to various hobbies and life skills.
Our sections on Activism, and Advocacy; Political Theory and Philosophy; Law; Language and Communication; Writing and Style Guides; and Social and Natural Sciences; all aim to provide resources for community members to be more politically engaged and more effective in our self-advocacy.
Build a Community That Includes Everyone
Our library is located in an accessible, quiet, room. We aim to provide resources for people of all abilities with books aimed at every reading level, from early readers to PhDs. We also offer non-print media such as audiobooks and films.
We are also proud to feature published works by community members.
It is our intention that this library become a space not just for gaining knowledge, but also for building a culture and connections that empower local Autistic people in building a better future for our community.
|
<urn:uuid:216db7db-d9ae-4a4f-bc22-a66d3fb339d8>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://londonautistics.wordpress.com/about-the-what-about-us-neurodiversity-lending-library/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250599789.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120195035-20200120224035-00241.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94891 | 920 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Elephant Rocks State Park
|Elephant Rocks State Park|
|Missouri State Park|
|Elevation||1,273 ft (388 m) |
|Area||133.75 acres (54 ha) |
|Management||Missouri Department of Natural Resources|
|Website: Elephant Rocks State Park|
Elephant Rocks State Park is a state-owned geologic reserve and public recreation area encompassing an outcropping of Precambrian granite in the Saint Francois Mountains in the U.S. state of Missouri. The state park is named for a string of large granite boulders which resemble a train of pink circus elephants. The park was created following the donation of the land to the state in 1967 by geologist John Stafford. The park is used for picnicking, rock climbing, and trail exploration. It is managed by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
Geologically, Elephant Rocks State Park consists of a tor, which is a high, isolated rocky peak, usually of jointed and weathered granite. The alkaline granite here was formed in the Proterozoic 1.5 billion years ago from a dome of molten magma. Nearly vertical fractures formed in the stone as it cooled, and uplift of the formation enhanced the fracturing. Eventually the overlying strata were removed through erosion, exposing the granite dome. With exposure, water and ice worked to weather and erode the surface of the granite along fracture joints. Spheroidal weathering of the granite and later erosion of the resulting saprolite that once surrounded these corestones left the elephant rocks as boulders perched on the ground surface.
The reddish or pink granite has been quarried in this area since 1869, and two abandoned granite quarries are within the park. These and others nearby have provided red architectural granite for buildings in states from Massachusetts to California, but most particularly in St. Louis, including stone for St. Louis City Hall and the piers of the Eads Bridge. Stones unsuitable for architectural use were made into shoebox-sized paving stones that were used on the streets of St. Louis as well as on its wharf on the Mississippi River. Stone quarried in the area currently is used for mortuary monuments and is known commercially as Missouri Red monument stone.
Activities and amenities
A one-mile (2 km) circular interpretive trail in the Elephant Rocks Natural Area, called the Braille Trail, is the first in Missouri state parks designed specifically for visitors with visual and physical challenges. Spur trails off the main trail include one passing through "Fat Man's Squeeze," a narrow gap between two boulders that leads hikers to an abandoned quarry, and another that goes through "The Maze," a 100-foot (30.48 meter) section of scattered boulders. The park's picnicking area includes ADA-compliant facilities.
- "Elephant Rocks State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
- "Missouri State Park Advisory Board Annual Report 2008". Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
- "Elephant Rocks Natural Area". Conservation Commission of Missouri. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
- "Elephant Rocks State Park". Missouri State Parks. Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
- "General Information: Elephant Rocks State Park". Missouri State Parks. Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
- Bullis, Mary Eakins. "Elephant Rocks State Park". River Valley Region Association. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
- "Elephant Rocks State Park Accessibility Information" (PDF). Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elephant Rocks State Park.|
- Elephant Rocks State Park Missouri Department of Natural Resources
|
<urn:uuid:8c1563b4-95c0-4577-b1bf-6de4d93a2cd9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_Rocks_State_Park
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423809.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721202430-20170721222430-00015.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.914945 | 786 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Thursday, January 31, 2013
The Enduring Legacy of Alice in Wonderland
Why does it still enchant us so?
From a story on the Oxford University Press blog...
For example, how did a satire on literary fashions in the early 1900s, centred on the retreatist, misogynistic fears of middle-aged men ever become a cosy national icon?* How did a series of novels satirising the British middle-class, and closely based on the 19th-century mores of the public-school system (which scarcely exists elsewhere) become the world’s biggest seller?** Or how did an anti-heroic, anti-empire broadside, whose narrator is corrupt and whose most memorable (and most admired) character is a brutal multi-murderer, become a classic for boys?*** Perhaps most curious of all, how did an intensely personal present from an eccentric bachelor to a little girl, packed with intimate in-jokes, ever come to be translated into most of the languages on earth?
Since its first translation in 1869, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland has become, in Ireland Eibhlís i dTír na Niongantas, in Denmark, Maries haendelser I vidunderlandet, in Finland, Liisan seikkailut ihmemaailmassa, in Iceland, Lísa í undralandi, and in Wales Anturiaethau Alys yng Ngwlad Hud and Alys yn nhir swyn. Alis, Alisa, Alicja, Alicji, Alenka, Elenkine, Elisi, Elsje, or Else, has her adventures im Wunderland, du pays des merveilles, nel paese delle meraviglie, csodaországban, I eventyrland, w krainie czarów, ülkesinde, or, in Slovak, divotvornej krajine (literally, the mad country). And, perhaps most improbably, the native peoples of northern South Australia, whose lands include Uluru, or Ayer’s Rock, and whose language is Pitjantjatjara, can read about Alitjinja ngura tjukurtjarangka (Alitji in the Dreamtime). The book was translated into Russian by Vladimir Nabokov, a link that has not escaped critics; an Italian edition in 1962, La meravigliosa Alice was subtitled Una lucida invenzione, la creazione poetica di una ‘lolita’ vittoriana.
|
<urn:uuid:c4cf7571-4f63-40b0-a16d-f34340fdb2aa>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://jonathanshipley.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-enduring-legacy-of-alice-in.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999639954/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060719-00001-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.861407 | 560 | 2.671875 | 3 |
At a recent rally of Donald Trump supporters in North Carolina, Republican vice-presidential candidate Mike Pence said the result of the November presidential election would determine the shape of the US Supreme Court for the next 40 years.
Pence’s words were not just overblown political rhetoric. The next president will have a unique opportunity to mould the Supreme Court bench.
The age of the justices is the key reason. For the past 65 years, the average age of retirement for Supreme Court justices has been 78. With three current justices 78 or older and one seat on the court vacant, the next president may end up nominating four justices in their first term.
The current court
Article 3, Section 1 of the US Constitution provides Supreme Court justices:
… shall hold their offices during good behaviour.
In short, justices are appointed for life or until such time as they choose to retire.
The three justices nudging (or over) 80 include two of the acknowledged liberals, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer – both of whom were appointed by Bill Clinton.
They, along with Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan (both nominated by Barack Obama), constitute the liberal wing of the bench. As liberals, they have favoured lifting restrictions on access to abortion, limiting the scope of police power to search, and affirmative action.
Although nominated to the Supreme Court by Republican president Ronald Reagan, Anthony Kennedy, who turned 80 in July, is known as the swing justice.
In close decisions, Kennedy’s vote has often been the deciding one. For instance, he authored the majority opinion (5-4) in the 2015 case that affirmed the right to same-sex marriage. As expected, the four liberal justices joined his decision.
The remaining three justices – John Roberts, Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito – are acknowledged conservatives. George H.W. Bush nominated Thomas, while his son nominated Alito and Roberts.
None of the three are likely to retire in the near future. If, however, the winner of November’s presidential election secures a second term in 2020, then there is a distinct possibility that one or more of the conservative justices may retire.
Therefore, if the next president serves two terms, they may end up replacing almost the entire Supreme Court bench. No president since Franklin Roosevelt, who appointed eight justices from the late 1930s into the early 1940s, has enjoyed such a privilege. The last president to nominate more than three justices was Dwight Eisenhower, who nominated four between 1955 and 1958.
Scalia’s vacant seat
In addition to the possible retirements, the Supreme Court is still one justice down.
But the Republican-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee has refused to call nomination hearings for Garland. The responsibility of filling Scalia’s vacant seat, argue the Republicans, belongs to the next president, not to Obama.
The Senate’s role
The presidential election will not be the only election to determine the future shape of the Supreme Court.
The Senate Judiciary Committee, and then the Senate, votes on and confirms nominees to the court.
Even if Hillary Clinton wins the presidency, her right to shape the Supreme Court is not assured. If the Republicans maintain control of the Senate, future nominations face the possibility of being deadlocked or delayed.
The Supreme Court and the election
Convention dictates the justices remain non-partisan, removed from the fray of contemporary politics. Their role is to act as a check on both the executive and the legislature to ensure politics does not prompt government to overstep constitutional authority.
But as the current court has shown, justices tend to vote in line with the political leanings of the president who appointed them. This is hardly a surprise. Presidents nominate well-qualified candidates, but they also pick those likely to support their legislative and political agendas.
This election has signalled a departure from tradition. In May, Ginsburg publicly lambasted Trump. In doing so, she broke with convention, which dictates that Supreme Court justices do not comment on current politics – particularly presidential candidates.
In June, Trump responded with an unusual move of his own, releasing a list of 11 potential nominees to the court. As expected, all are conservative. All are white.
These recent actions signal the extent to which the court itself and the presidential candidates realise what’s at stake this election. Over the next four years, the Supreme Court is likely to hear cases relating to voting rights, freedom of religion, gun control and abortion rights. The next president will play an important role in determining who gets to hear those cases.
Speaking to the crowd in North Carolina, Pence warned a Clinton Supreme Court would use “unaccountable power to make unconstitutional decisions”. His words were an eerie echo of claims made by white southern Democrats in the 1950s as they pushed back against the historic Supreme Court decision that desegregated public schools in 1954.
For the Supreme Court, the stakes in this election are high. The future of justice in the US hinges on the outcome of November’s vote.
|
<urn:uuid:868deccb-e608-4cac-9ca5-1475100cad1a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://theconversation.com/the-future-of-the-us-supreme-court-is-at-stake-no-matter-who-wins-in-november-64876
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820556.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017013608-20171017033608-00545.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95956 | 1,036 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Electric vehicles (EVs) have recently attracted significant attention from the media, politicians, and environmentalists, but do EVs really live up to everything their manufacturers promise? Autogas for America released a new Alternative Fuel Fact Brief on November 25, examining the evidence behind the industry’s claims that EVs are viable, cost-effective and “zero-emission.”
The study questions electric vehicle’s environmental record, considering the greenhouse gases emitted during EV manufacturing. It points out that while EVs have no tailpipe emissions, they charge on U.S. electric grids that draw 50 percent of their power from coal. The Fact Brief also casts doubt on the practicality of EVs for public and private fleets, citing the technology’s struggles with limited carrying capacity, limited driving range and the high cost of their charging infrastructure. The study warns that experts believe an increase in EVs could overburden an already strained electric grid.
While electric vehicles hold many benefits over vehicles running on traditional fuels, the Fact Brief encourages consumers to consider other alternative energies which have more verified environmental and economic benefits and a proven record in American fleets.
|
<urn:uuid:2414ecf8-df93-43bc-a328-cdaa95143c6c>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.americanfuelfacts.com/tag/volt/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999642518/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060722-00022-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943399 | 230 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Cyber threats are always present and increasing prevalent in today’s business life. Information technology systems are vulnerable to attack by both external and internal threats. Simple steps can mitigate (not eliminated) the impact of a cyber incident on your business.
The American government systems have been breached. Sony’s IT systems have been breached. How many times have we heard of account details being published on the internet? Information Technology systems have inherent flaws in them because they are more sophisticated than previous version. And now we are all connected to the internet.
Criminals are knowledgeable in the strengths and weakness of IT solutions. There are perhaps only 300 major common IT Platforms in use today, all bound by a handful of foundation based systems i.e. Microsoft Windows and Server, Linux, Android, Unix, Apple and cloud based platforms. All have inherent internal flaws from which sophisticated platforms use as the bedrock of their security foundations. As such they can be exploited to attack. Cyber threats expose institutions to operation, reputational and financial risks, but simple controls in place can greatly mitigate your exposure and risk of a Cyber Incident.
Institutions are dependent on technology for critical operations, decisions related to new products and services, along with general technology investment decisions, may expose institutions to vulnerabilities that need to be anticipated and managed.
Institutions should have a comprehensive approach to monitor, audit and control the IT security and resilience of the technological platforms that they use. The use of an IT security framework should incorporate processes to monitor, prevent, detect and respond to incidents along with controls to allow you to recover from an attack.
Have policies, procedures, processes and controls along with a risk management strategy to monitor, mitigate and report on these. Development of a risk management culture within the organisation along with sufficient resources to maintain these and provide training to staff. Having a culture of awareness of the risks of IT, cyber security threats and threats in general can have a positive effect on your systems as a whole.
Without the means to monitor your IT systems and to report incidents to appropriate staff members, any governance control is wasted. Regular updates to your systems ‘Patches’ of hardware, software and communication equipment is strongly advised in conjunction with the knowledge and agreement with your management and IT providers, these are generally performed by IT staff or external vendors.
Patched systems are more resilient to intrusions and offer less opportunities to gain access into the IT system. Patching is always about closing doors or entry points into an IT system.
Anti-virus, malware and firewalls (think of these as ‘secure door men’ which should monitor all incoming & outgoing information flows to your systems) solutions are current and active on your systems.
These are inter-twined solutions that are actively monitoring your computer systems. They incorporate cyber security controls to prevent, detected, quarantine and mitigate attacks from external sources primarily.
You only are as strong as the weakest link. External vendors have a place in your Information Technology Security. Vendors should have controls to manage them, due diligence, audits and monitoring of their performance. Define third parties’ responsibilities and associated service level metrics.
Backup of Information and Systems
One primary aspect of IT Security is backup of information and systems. Replication of data onto a secure storage platform; tape, secure alternative site, cloud, other is a primary mitigation factor. The ability to restore from a known good point in time is critical to ensuring the continuity of your institution’s ability to conduct business.
Testing and verification of this data on a regular basis is critical. The one time you need your data is the worst time you want to test out your backup procedures.
As before, no IT system is secure, Sony, Nasa, US Government all have been breached, but by ensuring all above have been implemented and achieved, the next stage is for disaster recovery, DR, business continuity planning, BCP and your recovery from an incident. There is no point in having all controls in place, if you can’t have a redundant solution.
Where are all your policies, procedures stored?
Hard copies anyone, in case you system is completely down
Incident Management, Recovery and Mitigation
The ability to manage the incident is critical. Client confidence, reputation, financial impact and potential closure must be factored in through the timely and appropriate customer notification process.
Development of procedures and incident response programs is necessary. Define capabilities and required resources to address threats and recovery. Escalate and report cyber incidents to the institution’s board of directors and Data Protection Commissioner if data breaches have occurred.
Responding to an Incident
Take appropriate steps to respond to a cyber incident:
- Assess the nature and scope of an incident and identify what information systems and types of information have been accessed or misused.
- Promptly notify the Board, Data Protection Commissioner, Police Service when you become aware of an incident involving unauthorized access to or use of sensitive customer information, and generally, following any incident that could materially impact your institution.
- Comply with applicable suspicious activity reporting regulations and guidance. Ensure appropriate law enforcement authorities are notified in a timely manner.
- Take appropriate steps to contain and control the incident to prevent further unauthorized access to or misuse of information.
- Notify customers as soon as possible when it is determined that misuse of sensitive customer information has occurred or is reasonably possible.
|
<urn:uuid:26c0ba9e-388e-449d-b2ff-452512ad1d98>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://andrewsduffy.ie/cyber-threats/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655880243.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702205206-20200702235206-00361.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946822 | 1,105 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Anyone can get hurt in a car crash. Even the safest, most responsible driver could get hurt when another person runs a red light. Certain factors do increase your risk of getting into a crash.
The more time you spend on the road, the more miles you travel and the higher your overall risk for a collision. Men are significantly more likely than women to cause fatal car crashes, and even age can play a factor in someone’s risk.
Despite women being less likely to be at fault for motor vehicle collisions than men, they have higher risk of getting hurt in a crash. The risk isn’t just anecdotal. There are decades of safety data backing up the claim that vehicle design puts women at elevated risk. Researchers estimate that women have 72% higher risk of injury and 17% higher risk of death in a crash when compared with a male driver or passenger. Why is that risk so high?
Manufacturers don’t consider women’s bodies
Every vehicle has to undergo crash testing before manufacturers can release it to the public. The manufacturers and federal regulatory agencies overseeing vehicle design and production have engaged in decades of inadequate safety measures by only performing tests based on male bodies and not female bodies.
Years of statistical evidence help show that vehicle designs plays a major role in a woman’s risk of getting hurt on the road. However, neither regulatory agencies nor manufacturers have changed their practices to make vehicles safer for women.
What do these negligent design practices mean for you?
As a woman who drives frequently or someone who cares about a woman, you have every reason to worry about the increased risk for female vehicle occupants. Understanding the increased risk might prompt you to drive more cautiously. It might also make you a question the circumstances leading to your injuries or the recent death of a loved one.
In some cases, those negatively affected by a car crash have the right not just to an insurance claim against the driver at fault but also a civil lawsuit. If defective design plays a direct role in the injuries someone suffered in a wreck, that could potentially open the manufacturer up to civil claim. Exploring all of your options for compensation after a car crash is the best way to get justice for your family.
|
<urn:uuid:68ecb189-b7e5-44fe-afc9-e437c85d5576>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.huntercassidylaw.com/blog/2022/05/why-are-women-more-like-to-die-in-motor-vehicle-collisions/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224655247.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609032325-20230609062325-00686.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966881 | 449 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Thunder Bay (Canada)
A City’s good practice towards the elimination of discrimination
Within the framework of the Canadian Coalition’s Ten Point Plan of Action, the City of Thunder Bay has launched the Diversity in Policing Project. In 2002, a study conducted in Thunder Bay called ‘A Community of Acceptance’ highlighted that policing was one of the leading social domains in which racism was evident. In response to the report’s findings, Diversity Thunder Bay and two member organisations (the Thunder Bay Multicultural Centre and the Thunder Bay Indian Friendship Centre) in collaboration with the Thunder Bay Police Services developed a proposal to address the systemic racism in local policing. In 2004 the ‘Diversity in Policing Project’ was launched with funding from Heritage Canada (until 2008).
The ‘Diversity in Policing Project’ consisted of three research phases. In the first phase, a series of community consultations with groups of different origins were organised. The second phase consisted of internal assessment and review of institutional policies, procedures, employment systems alongside research and development training. From this research, a training programme was developed that covered a range of topics, including how to apply the law in an unbiased way and discussion around the issue of racial profiling. The third phase of the project established the research Validation Group in a Standing Committee, with purpose to advise the Police Chief and the Service, to implement and evaluate the project recommendations and to promote the project’s concept, methodology and results to other agencies.
The Diversity in Policing Project is a promising practice in addressing discrimination as acknowledging policing as leading area for discrimination is essential step towards problem solution. Further, the project was undertaken by representatives from local aboriginal centres and police services. The project’s structure as a three-phase plan was an effective way to organise the tasks and keep partners on track. The focus on the internal policy and procedures of the police services was vital for the success of the process and shows the willingness of the City to improve its services.
The City of Thunder Bay is the second most populous municipality in Northern Ontario. The census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay has a population of 122,907, and consists of the city of Thunder Bay, the municipalities of Oliver Paipoonge and Neebing, the townships of Shuniah, Conmee, O'Connor and Gillies and the Fort William First Nation. The city is characterized by a "knowledge economy" based on medical research and education.
Thunder Bay has been a member of the Canadian Coalition of Municipalities against Racism and Discrimination since September 2009.
For more information, please visit: Diversity in Policing Project
|
<urn:uuid:fd5193fb-6414-4592-9ff1-a4b108fd1306>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/fight-against-discrimination/coalition-of-cities/good-practices/thunder-bay/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500808153.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021328-00067-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950015 | 541 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Ode on the Spring by Thomas Gray
"Ode on the Spring" is a poem written by Thomas Gray. This poem is all about Spring and its beauties and wonders that it brings to the world. The first stanza speaks of the beautiful sunrises, the flowers blossoming, the birds singing and flying, and a great smell in the air. The second stanza is about sitting next to a bank during the season. The third speaks of all the insects wanting to pollinate. The fourth stanza goes back to him thinking about the season. The fifth then covers all the stanzas comparing himself and others like him to flies. He says that he is perhaps wasting his time in youth instead of doing more important things. However, he's still going to wait for the next Spring.
This poem is made up of five stanzas with ten lines in each. They rhyme as ABABCCDEED.
Ode on the Spring Lo! where the rosy-bosomed Hours, Fair Venus' train, appear, Disclose the long-expecting flowers, And wake the purple year! The Attic warbler pours her throat, Responsive to the cuckoo's note, The untaught harmony of spring: While, whisp'ring pleasure as they fly, Cool Zephyrs thro' the clear blue sky Their gathered fragrance fling. Where'er the oak's thick branches stretch A broader browner shade, Where'er the rude and moss-grown beech O'er-canopies the glade, Beside some water's rushy brink With me the Muse shall sit, and think (At ease reclined in rustic state) How vain the ardour of the Crowd, How low, how little are the Proud, How indigent the Great! Still is the toiling hand of Care; The panting herds repose: Yet hark, how through the peopled air The busy murmur glows! The insect-youth are on the wing, Eager to taste the honied spring And float amid the liquid noon: Some lightly o'er the current skim, Some show their gayly-gilded trim Quick-glancing to the sun. To Contemplation's sober eye Such is the race of Man: And they that creep, and they that fly, Shall end where they began. Alike the Busy and the Gay But flutter thro' life's little day, In Fortune's varying colours drest: Brushed by the hand of rough Mischance, Or chilled by Age, their airy dance They leave, in dust to rest. Methinks I hear, in accents low, The sportive kind reply: Poor moralist! and what art thou? A solitary fly! Thy joys no glittering female meets, No hive hast thou of hoarded sweets, No painted plumage to display: On hasty wings thy youth is flown; Thy sun is set, thy spring is gone - We frolic while 'tis May.
Next: Ode to Adversity
|
<urn:uuid:85f0eae9-4a39-41c9-a32b-d0e2e61a5318>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://www.poemofquotes.com/thomasgray/odeonthespring.php
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824899.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021205648-20171021225648-00306.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939811 | 628 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Getting Universal Education Right
The international community has been pledging to attain universal primary education since the 1960s, and it is doing so again by including this target in the Sustainable Development Goals. But, unless new resources are made available, the world is likely to fail yet again.
COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND – This month, the United Nations is expected to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals, 17 goals and 169 targets that will guide international development efforts over the next 15 years. The objectives are ambitious; they include efforts to end hunger and poverty, reduce economic inequality, achieve gender equity, combat climate change, promote sustainable development, and improve infrastructure, sanitation, health, and education. And yet, if the efforts covered by this last goal – education – are any guide, it will take more than promises to ensure that the SDGs are achieved.
Two of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – the global framework that preceded the SDGs – targeted education. One was to attain universal primary education (UPE) and the other to reach gender parity in enrollment. Neither was achieved by the target date of 2015.
The history of broken promises goes back much further. Attaining UPE has been pledged by participants at international conferences since the 1960s, and both goals were part of the 155-country Education for All (EFA) compact that was signed in 1990 with a target date of 2000. Midway through that decade, however, in a relatively secret process, these and other EFA goals were unceremoniously postponed until 2015.
|
<urn:uuid:25644bdb-2cb0-4bdc-97c3-1a8e7e88f4ad>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/universal-education-financing-sdgs-by-steven-j--klees-2015-09?barrier=accessreg
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806660.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122194844-20171122214844-00763.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964207 | 315 | 3.296875 | 3 |
To explore the geological history of Mercury and the other terrestrial planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars and to form hypotheses about them.
This lesson is part of the MESSENGER: A Mission to Mercury Project, which examines the science behind space exploration. MESSENGER: A Mission to Mercury is developed by AAAS and funded by NASA's MESSENGER Project. For more lessons, activities, and interactives that take a closer look at the science behind space exploration, be sure to check out the MESSENGER: A Mission to Mercury Project page.
In this lesson, students will explore the geological history of Mercury and the other terrestrial planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars. This lesson assumes that students already have some general knowledge of the planet Mercury. Students at this age know many things about our solar system already, such as what the planets are, their order in the solar system, and scales of size. They even may be familiar with the various profiles of planets, including which are terrestrial and which are gas planets.
This lesson assumes that students already have some general knowledge about the planet Mercury. If students do not, or if you would like to cover the information as a refresher, we recommend preceding this lesson with another Science NetLinks lesson, Mercury. A faster way to achieve the same goal is to assign a preliminary reading at either the MESSENGER site, Mercury the Elusive Planet (students should click on each menu item at the top of this page), or NASA's Mercury page.
At this grade level, students should add more detail to what they know of the solar system. The focus of this lesson will be the geology of terrestrial planets and how scientists take data and interpret the information to come up with a planetary history. Features of many of the planets and their moons show evidence of developmental processes similar to those that occur on the earth (such as earthquakes, lava flows, and erosion). This idea is covered in the lesson as well.
Because the development of the lesson revolves around GeoHunter, an interactive in which students explore the geology of Mercury, students will learn about MESSENGER, the spacecraft mission to Mercury. Throughout the lesson, they also will discuss the geology of Mars, Venus, and Earth.
Other aspects of this lesson that are presented in a subtle manner delve into Habits of Mind benchmarks. Since students will discuss data and give various interpretations for the data, they will discuss how different explanations can be given for the same evidence.
Make a Mission is a lesson that is about the mission as a whole and can precede or follow this lesson, however each stands on its own. Since this lesson is one that covers the area of planetary geology, the lesson will complement any geology or astronomy lesson.
To start this lesson, set up a small, sand-filled box on a table at the front of the room. If there is space, have students stand around the table. Then, pick up a marble and show it to your students. Tell them that you will now demonstrate an impact crater. To do this, simply drop the marble into the sand-filled box.
Follow the demonstration with these questions:
- What happened to the sand when I dropped the marble into the box?
- Why do you think this happened?
- Do you think the impression made by the marble is in any way like the craters found on our moon or other planets? If so, how?
- How do you think the surfaces of the different terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) were formed?
(Answers may vary. Encourage students to explain their answers.)
Now, students should use their Terrestrial Terrain student esheet to explore these brief articles and view one video:
These resources briefly introduce ideas of how a terrestrial planet's surface may have formed. Students can answer these questions on their Terrestrial Terrain student sheet.
- What are some geological structures or formations found on the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars? (Students mostly have read about craters and volcanoes, but may know of others, or bring up the land formations of channels [gulches] that indicate there could have been water on Mars.)
- What kind of information can evidence of craters on the surface of a planet or moon help scientists figure out? (The number of craters can indicate the age of the surface, generally speaking. For instance, on Venus, students will read that there are few craters, which indicates that the surface has been "paved" over and is young. A surface like our moon with numerous craters indicates an older surface.)
- What are some geological formations on Earth? Do you think that our understanding of these features could be applied to other planets? (Students may come up with numerous ideas, any of which could be discussed in the context of another planet. For instance, the "waterways" on Mars look like "waterways" because of what they look like on Earth. Another interesting idea is plate tectonics and whether or not other planets could possibly have plate tectonics.)
- When scientists get pictures and data back from Venus, Mars, and Mercury, do you think that they will all come up with the same "explanation" or hypothesis for the planet's geological history? (This question will take the discussion in another direction, but is worth exploring, particularly in the case of planetary geology, because scientists rely on data that can certainly be interpreted in a number of ways. Students should reason that due to many factors involved in geology, different scientists may come up with different hypotheses. In the case of Mars, some scientists say that because there was likely water on the planet, this is an indication of past life on the red planet. Other scientists think that there wasn't enough time for life to evolve even if there was water. These are two very different ideas that have grown out of the same geological data.)
Follow this last question with a demonstration using a closed cardboard box filled with various common objects. Have students observe this mystery box to try to determine its contents. They may hold it, shake it, weigh it, etc. They will all be faced with the same data but come to different conclusions, much like scientists do.
Armed with their knowledge about the geological features of terrestrial planets, students should now examine some of Mercury's features in more detail. To do so, students can use their esheet to view some images of Mercury that were taken by the MESSENGER mission. Students should view these images:
Students should consider these questions as they are studying the images:
- What do you notice about the distribution of the craters, scarps, and volcanoes in the images? Is there any kind of pattern? If so, what is it?
- Can you form a hypothesis about the distribution of these features on the planet? What would it be?
- Are these images of Mercury how you expected the planet to look?
- Do these images look like the images of any other planets, moons, meteors, etc. in the solar system?
- Why do you think Mercury appears to have so many craters, volcanoes, and scarps?
(Answers to these questions may vary. Encourage students to explain their answers.)
In this part of the lesson, students should use their esheet to do an online, interactive activity called GeoHunter, where they explore the geology of the planet Mercury. They are instructed to collect fifteen pieces of data (pictures of geological formations). Follow up with these questions:
- What types of geological formations did you collect pictures of? (They collected pictures of dormant volcanoes, impact craters, and scarps.)
- What can these geological formations tell you and scientists about Mercury? (There are probably more than several answers to this question. Craters can indicate surface history and dates and students may remember from past readings that Mercury has more meteoroid impacts because its atmosphere is thin. Scarps, which are long, rounded cliffs that stand around a mile tall, have lead scientists to believe they formed when Mercury cooled and shrank.)
- Is the process of analyzing the data something that happens right away when information is sent back from MESSENGER? (The Learn More section mentions that this data will be used for decades to come. This may be important in students' understanding of how interpretations can differ and change over time.)
- Do you think that all geologists who look at this data will come up with the same explanations for why Mercury has these surface features? (The answer to this question is not in the interactive, but students should reason from prior discussion that there could be a variety of hypotheses.)
- Do you think this new information from MESSENGER will lead to new hypotheses about the planet's geological history? If so, why? (The purpose of a mission such as this one is to learn more about the planet, which may lead to new hypotheses about the planet's surface history as well as what is happening there now.)
The assessment is two-fold. Each student should become an expert in one of the terrestrial planets and create a poster on that planet. Encourage them to include pictures and a geological profile of several hundred words. Though they may include other information, the focus should be geology. Students can use the resources on the esheet to help them perform their research.
The second part of the exercise should address, in part, the Habits of Mind benchmarks, that hypotheses are valuable. Students should quickly write up one solid observation that they would make about Mercury based on their knowledge of the terrestrial planet they have just profiled. They should explain what they would look for in the new data returned from the MESSENGER Mission and what hypothesis this information could lead to, based on their knowledge of the planet they profiled.
For some other Science NetLinks lessons about the solar system and the universe, see:
To further extend some of the ideas in this lesson, students could visit The
Nine Planets, which provides a comprehensive overview and often-detailed discussion of the planets in our solar system and their related satellites, with accompanying graphics and photos to enhance any learner's understanding.
If students want to learn more about the MESSENGER Mission or Mercury itself, they could go to the MESSENGER website, which provides all the information about the mission and the planet.
|
<urn:uuid:61c6e230-7047-4c53-89dd-07c9257cb379>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/geohunter/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319992.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623031127-20170623051127-00223.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948784 | 2,140 | 4.28125 | 4 |
Every era has experienced a subtle change in the technology. Without adapting the transition, which the technology imparts, people cannot hindrance their obsolete lives. Advent of a wheel was the earliest in road in the field of technology and after that, all other inventions are form of technological rise. Whether we start from infrastructure and move towards household gadgets, or whether we start from automobile industry to the latest crops and harvesting system, we will find technological inroads everywhere.
Types of Impacts
Like every other thing, technology also has two sides. The dark side, which we may call the negative side, is present and destroying the young blood both mentally and physically. However, at the same time positive angle is present too. The positive angle is usually comprised of those advantages, which the youngsters can extrude out of the technology and its advancements.
- Negative impact
Starting from the darker side, technology does have negative impact on young minds. If we move to decades behind, the students of high school and university level were not having that much excess to the highly complex gadgets. They had more time to invest in study and in the outdoor activities. Youngsters at that time were having more time to invest within their families and bonding was much stronger at that time. Physically, obesity is the major reason why most of the people put curse on the technology. Advent of mobile networking gadgets like palm tops, laptops, cell phones and video games have reduced the outdoor activities of the youngsters. By adopting 24/7 indoor activities, youngsters are losing their physical fitness. They are becoming victims of several diseases like heart problems, liver based problems, etc. As we know, a sound body possesses sound mind so when these technological impacts are creating so much miseries, how will they ensure that the person will still be possessing a strong mind?
- Positive impact
Like the negative portion, technology possesses positive attributes as well. The biggest of the attributes is the evolution of the world into global village. Today, you can call people at far distant place with the help of the cell phones and through internet communication channels like Skype; we can actually see the person sitting at other end. Even we can communicate with the help of social media like Facebook, Myspace, Google + and twitter etc which are very common among youngsters. This has created a very positive impact on the students, as they become part of online educational and vocational programs through these inventions.
If the youngsters take better advantage of the technology, they can actually improve their physical and mental abilities. Some of the youngsters are residing at hostels or flats and they do not usually have access to the grounds nearby. Therefore, with the treadmill machines and other such accessories, they can keep themselves fit. More over in the earlier era, students had to move to the libraries and had to make notes and assignments manually. Since the advent of internet, working schedules have become far more relaxed. People now invest some time on internet and by doing so; they manage to create large documents and presentations in no time. Thus, in nutshell, although negative attributes are present, yet the positive side has more worth.
Keep in mind that impact is always imposed on person on basis of usage, this means the way you think and the way you use, the device always impact you accordingly. For example, using laptop for information purpose is best but if you use it for chatting or some unnecessary time wastage reasons, you will be having problems for sure like you won’t be able to concentrate on your studies, your results would affect, and much more. Therefore, it always depends on the way of using technological advancement and results depend on that usage process.
This article is written by Michel, A social media nerd who is working on getting best results via increasing instagram followers.
|
<urn:uuid:0bfee9f2-6199-44d6-bb5f-56d1e85ea2f3>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://dailygenius.com/tech-news/technological-impacts-on-youngsters/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644309.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528150639-20230528180639-00400.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9655 | 763 | 3 | 3 |
Are Legumes Good or Bad for You
Legumes are plants that produce pods with seeds. Some of the most common of them are beans and peas. Peanuts also belong to this family of plants and therefore aren’t really nuts. Taste, nutritional value and shape of legumes can vary, but one thing common for all of them is that they do contain a great number of nutrients.
Vegetarian and vegan diets include legumes as a replacement for red meat due to their high protein contents. Soybeans are especially good for this purpose, and today you can even find various soy products that are designed like meatballs and cutlets. With the right sauce and spices, they can taste almost like meat. This is a good option for those who still struggle with their dietary changes.
However, there is one disturbing factor you need to consider before stocking your pantry with various kinds of legumes. If you do some research, you will see that many sources claim these foods to be harmful instead of useful.
Is this true?
Let’s find out by comparing the pros and cons of adding legumes to your diet.
Pros of Legumes
1. Nutritional value of legumes is extremely high.
Lentils contain fiber, iron, protein, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, phosphorus, and vitamins B1, B3, and B5.
2. Low calorie count.
A cup of cooked lentils contains about 230 calories. Considering the actual nutritional value of the product, this number is rather low. Therefore, this food is good for dieting.
Legumes are relatively cheap and widely available. Under the right conditions, they can be stored for quite a while.
4. Weight loss.
Legumes are rich in soluble fiber and starch. Both these elements are very satiating, so you can avoid hunger pains with the right diet and lose some weight.
1. Phytic acid.
Phytic acid is an element that is present in all edible plant seeds. It isn’t dangerous or harmful in itself, but it impedes your body’s ability to process and absorb iron, zinc and calcium.
In essence, the amount of phytic acid in legumes is low and won’t give you any trouble. However, the situation can change if your diet mainly consists of grains and seeds, both of which contain phytic acid. To counter this problem, vegetarians and vegans should try fermenting, sprouting or soaking some of the seeds and grains. This will remove the offending element from them.
Lectins are proteins that stubbornly resist digestion. Some of them are even toxic, but their content in legumes isn’t high enough to pose any danger.
However, to eliminate any risk, you shouldn’t eat any legumes unless they are properly cooked.
Even the small amount of lectins can be completely neutralized if you soak the beans overnight and then boil them for 10 minutes at 212 F.
3. Gas and bloating.
Starch and soluble fibers from legumes feed the good bacteria in your intestines, but this can lead to bloating and gas. Although this effect is hardly pleasant, it isn’t dangerous and is in fact a sign of healthy colon function.
Do note that all those nasty things that can pose any danger to your health are an issue only when you eat legumes raw. The process of cooking should eliminate any problems.
|
<urn:uuid:c6092603-de85-4d1c-b99a-51d6667c1b68>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
https://foodtolive.com/healthy-blog/are-legumes-good-or-bad-for-you/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820930.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017072323-20171017092323-00590.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937333 | 722 | 3.09375 | 3 |
An informed pet owner makes for healthy happy pets. Here are some "things to chew on" as a starting point. While prevention may hurt your wallet a little, treatment once infected, can be much more costly financially and emotionally. Do your research and consult your local vet for additional information.
What is a “DHPP” or “Distemper” vaccine?
The distemper vaccine protects against 4 viruses:
- Distemper Hepatitis Parvovirus Parainfluenza
There is a common misconception that the distemper vaccine improves your pet’s temperament. In reality, canine distemper is much more serious than temperament; it is a widespread virus that causes high mortality in dogs. Vaccination is important because exposure is considered inevitable during a dog’s lifetime.
The canine distemper virus is easily transmitted from dog to dog by:
- An infected dog’s respiratory secretions (sneezing, coughing).
- Direct contact with infected bodily fluids (urine, blood, saliva).
The virus infects various tissues in the dog’s body, producing:
- Eye and nose discharge
- Respiratory disease
- Appetite loss
- Muscular spasms
- Or Worse
What is Rabies?
Rabies is an acute viral infection that can affect all warm-blooded animals – including dogs and cats. The disease is almost always caused by the bite of an infected animal that has rabies virus in its saliva. Younger animals are usually more susceptible to rabies infection. And it’s always fatal once clinical signs appear.
What if my dog has possibly been exposed?
If your pet has been bitten by or exposed to a wild or potentially rabid animal, talk with your veterinarian right away and report it to local animal control authorities. Even if your pet has a current vaccination, you should still contact your veterinarian. Your pet may need to be quarantined for a period of 10 days after the exposure or immediately re-vaccinated.
Your veterinarian is committed to helping you make the best choices for your pet’s health. To give your pet the protection it needs,vaccinate your pet with rabies vaccine.
What is Leptospirosis?
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can be found in most animals, including livestock (cattle, pigs and sheep) and wildlife (deer, raccoons, opossums, skunks, rats and other rodents). The bacteria are passed via the urine into water sources, where they can reside.
Is this a problem where I live?
Leptospirosis is prevalent in rural, suburban and urbanized areas. The bacteria can be present in any stagnant surface water, moist soil and recreational water sources such as ponds and lakes. Additionally, natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes may present and increase risk of exposure to this disease.
Can my dog get lepto?
- Your dog can become infected with Leptospira by drinking, swimming in or walking through contaminated water.
How can I protect my dog from Leptospirosis?
- To help protect your dog from this potentially fatal disease, vaccination is key. By vaccinating your dog before exposure to the disease, you may avoid the emotional and financial trauma of dealing with this disease.
- Vaccines are affordable, convenient and safe. Talk to your veterinarian.
1 in 7 dogs tested positive for Lyme disease in
- Did you know that dogs are 50% more likely to contract lyme disease than humans?
- We have a responsibility as pet parents to provide protection diseases like lyme. Lyme disease symptoms are the “Four L’s”.
4. Loss of Appetite
The disease affects dogs differently and some show no signs at all. It can take up to six months for signs to become visible.
There are a couple ways to help prevent Lyme disease:
- Vaccinate against Lyme disease yearly.
- Use a monthly preventative such as Revolution on all the pets in your house year round.
- When walking your pet avoid the edging, vegetation, high grass areas as well as brush and leaf piles.
- Check your pet frequently for ticks. A tick needs to attach itself for 48 hours to transmit lyme disease.
If you suspect your pet may have contracted Lyme disease, please contact your veterinarian and schedule an appointment.
Treatment can be costly. Prevention is your best bet
What is Parvovirus?
Parvovirus, or “Parvo” is a highly contagious virus that affects the intestinal tract of dogs. It is highly resistant to disinfectants, and can survive in the environment for months (floors, shoes, food bowls).Parvo is transmitted by coming in contact with an infected dog’s feces.
General symptoms are:
- Severe vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Bloody, foul-smelling diarrhea
What is Parainfluenza?
Parainfluenza is a highly contagious respiratory virus. It is transmitted from the respiratory secretions of an infected dog through the air.
- Nasal discharge
- Lack of energy
- Loss of appetite
For More Information Visit Your Local Veterinarian
The Tray Top raised dog feeder keeps the mess off the floor for easy cleanup. A stylish modern design with clean lines, makes this elevated dog bowl feeder a great accent in your home and helps your pet eat and drink in comfort. Prices start at $59.99.
|
<urn:uuid:c227a394-3f58-4832-9121-dbef88c70d32>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://officialdoghouse.com/blogs/pet-dog-talk-officialdoghouse-blog/19103043-does-my-dog-need-vaccinations
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655896374.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708031342-20200708061342-00299.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.927772 | 1,145 | 3.15625 | 3 |
New Insights into HIV Latent Cells Yield Possible Cure Targets
Scientists from NIAID’s Vaccine Research Center and colleagues used cutting-edge technology to reveal new insights into cellular reservoirs of HIV. These new insights could have big implications toward an HIV cure.
An enhanced understanding of the HIV-infected memory CD4+ T cells that persist over decades in individuals taking antiretroviral therapy has been a long-time goal of HIV cure researchers. However, technology limitations have made it difficult to isolate or analyze these individual cells. As a result, scientists have been unable to determine whether the cells possess distinctive attributes that HIV-cure-directed therapies may exploit.
At the International AIDS Conference in Montreal, Dr. Eli Boritz, chief of the virus persistence and dynamics section in the VRC Laboratory of Immunology, described NIAID’s longstanding collaboration with a bioengineering research group at the University of California, San Francisco.
The researchers developed a custom microfluidic sorting technology—Focused Interrogation of Cells by Nucleic Acid Detection and Sequencing (FIND-Seq). This technology defines gene expression patterns from rare cells harboring latent HIV, allowing messenger RNA capture and virus DNA detection to be performed sequentially while maintaining segregation among cells.
The scientists applied the FIND-Seq technology to blood cells from 6 people with HIV who had begun taking ART while chronically infected and who had experienced more than 1 year of viral suppression. They found clear differences between the HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and their uninfected counterparts, including gene expression patterns linked to the suppression of multiple steps in the HIV lifecycle and to cell survival and proliferation.
The scientists maintain these results indicate that the HIV-infected memory CD4+ T-cell reservoir is a distinctive cell population that may be uniquely susceptible to specific targeted therapies. In this regard, the study reinforces recent interest among scientists in improving upon HIV cure strategies that are based on latency reversal by incorporating drugs that relieve blocks at multiple HIV lifecycle steps, and by combining these with agents that potentiate physiologic cell death.
|
<urn:uuid:9644da50-c0fa-438d-b562-3ba936113c12>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://nihrecord.nih.gov/2022/08/19/new-insights-hiv-latent-cells-yield-possible-cure-targets
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206031946-20231206061946-00851.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.916803 | 435 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Dozens of shelters for birds, insects and bats have been set up
Loulé Council has hailed the success of several local projects designed to boost biodiversity in urban areas.
The first project, ‘Local Accommodation for Birds’ was launched in 2020 alongside Olhão-based nature conservation association Vita Nativa in a bid to encourage bird species to settle in urban and peri-urban areas – described by UNESCO as “zones of transition from rural to urban land located between the outer limits of urban and regional centres and the rural environment.”
‘Local Accommodation for Birds’ also aims to raise awareness about the “ecological importance of these species in our daily lives, particularly their role in biological pest control,” the council says.
Thanks to the project, there are already 62 nest boxes installed in the municipality (Loulé, Quarteira, and soon in Almancil), which have already led to the collection of two years’ worth of scientific monitoring data, including box locations, visitation rates, occupancy, species, and reproduction levels.
Another successful initiative was the ‘Guardians of the Community Garden’ project, which involved five fifth grade classes from Dr. António de Sousa Agostinho school. The project consisted of 12 sessions focusing on the themes of “Water, Flora, Fauna, and Content Creation”, which resulted in the placing of signposting at the community garden in Almancil.
Says the council, the ‘Fauna’ theme was developed in collaboration with Vita Nativa, having resulted in the construction of 20 insect hotels which were set up at the garden and at local schools. Eight insect hotels are installed at the Dr. António de Sousa Agostinho school, six at the community garden, and the remaining six at primary schools belonging to the same school group.
“Insect hotels contribute to local biodiversity conservation by providing shelter for different insect species, which are vital in the food chain for many animals and play a crucial role in the reproduction and production of various plants and food for human benefit through pollination,” the local authority says.
“They also serve as an excellent way to raise awareness among citizens about the importance of conserving these small animals and adopting environmentally friendly practices,” it adds.
In 2020, the municipality also participated in the ‘Cadoiço Vive’ project led by environmental association Almargem. One of the main objectives was to “enhance wildlife along the Cadoiço stream”, where 30 bird nest boxes, 13 bat shelters, and four insect hotels were installed.
According to the council, the “extensive and diverse territory of Loulé exposes it to multiple risks with significant implications for the community’s daily life and the resilience of the environment, landscape, and economy.”
The local authority says it has been “prioritising these issues” in order to “address these new challenges and establish policies that promote education for all and sustainable development in various areas, such as natural resource management, biodiversity, climate change, sustainability, integrated public space management, and mobility.”
“There’s no time to waste! A change in behaviour is crucial for society, and it is urgent to transmit and disseminate information, knowledge, and concepts that foster critical awareness. We must raise the alarm and sensitise as many citizens as possible, not only about these environmental issues and problems but especially about their prevention and mitigation,” the council adds.
|
<urn:uuid:ee031be2-f1ae-4c82-9a8f-d7b2e5517221>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.portugalresident.com/loule-hails-successful-urban-biodiversity-projects/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510528.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929190403-20230929220403-00576.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953525 | 747 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What Lay Behind the San Francisco Conference?
We have not the space to examine all the earlier proposals for a world security league. For the moment, however, we may recall some of the steps in United Nations cooperation that led up to the San Francisco Conference. These steps were taken as a direct result of the war in which a growing number of nations-some of them exiled governments and local undergrounds-were ranged against Axis aggression. Each step was taken with the final objective in mind of a postwar world security organization.
The Atlantic Charter. When President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met on the high seas in August 1941, they drafted a declaration of "certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world." This statement, which became known as the Atlantic Charter, included clauses on transfers of territory, collective security against aggression, economic and social cooperation, self-government of peoples, free communications, and equal trade opportunities.
The fact that the leaders of the United States and Great Britain subscribed to these principles jointly gave the Atlantic Charter an importance far beyond a simple personal declaration. It enlisted this country-while we were still neutral-in the cause of creating a workable world security system.
The United Nations Declaration. Less than a month after Pearl Harbor (January 1, 1942), the United Nations came officially into existence at Washington, when 26 nations fighting the Axis subscribed to the Atlantic Charter and signed a joint declaration of common aims. Almost as many more have since adhered to the declaration.
The Moscow Declaration. As the war progressed, it became evident that the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, with China in the Far East, would necessarily carry the major burden of the war against the Axis. These four countries-and later France-began to collaborate even more closely on war strategy and peace aims. Since the USSR had a treaty of mutual nonaggression with Japan, however, the Russians could not participate in conferences on the Far Eastern war.
At the close of the Moscow Conference of October 1943, the foreign ministers of the United States, Russia, and Great Britain and the Chinese ambassador in Moscow issued a momentous declaration. It provided, among other matters of a military character, a common recognition of "the necessity of establishing at the earliest practicable date a general international organization for the maintenance of international peace and security." This was the first official step toward establishing the organization created by the San Francisco Charter. Its language was almost immediately echoed in the Connally Resolution passed in the United States Senate by overwhelming vote.
The Dumbarton Oaks Proposals. Within a year, the outlines of the world security organization had been drafted. Representatives of the United States, Great Britain, Russia, and China met at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington, D. C., in the fall of 1944. On October 7, 1944 was issued a detailed blueprint which became the framework of the San Francisco Charter. The Dumbarton Oaks Proposals provided the peoples of the world with their first specific view of how aggression was to be treated in the future.
One major issue was not settled at Dumbarton Oaks. Should a state be allowed to vote in the settlement of a dispute to which it is a party and, more than that, on the question of its own guilt as an aggressor? This matter of voting is probably the most difficult of all the political problems in creating a workable world security organization.
The world has long since reached the stage of prohibiting a man accused of crime from voting on his own guilt. We have not reached that stage about sovereign states in the international community. The issue of whether a state involved in a dispute or charged with being an aggressor should vote in its own case proved insoluble at Dumbarton Oaks, and the problem of finding an acceptable compromise was left to a later meeting.
The Yalta Conference. In February of 1945 President Roosevelt met for the last time with Prime Minister Churchill and Premier Stalin, at Yalta in the Crimea. The "Big Three" issued a call for a United Nations conference at San Francisco on April 25.
An agreement on the voting procedure to be followed in settling disputes and in cases of alleged aggression was also arrived at but was not announced till March 5. We shall analyze it in detail later (see The Security Council Vote).
|
<urn:uuid:c9335857-ca0f-41a5-be2f-2600f5b9e05e>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/building-a-workable-peace/what-lay-behind-the-san-francisco-conference
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535925433.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014525-00421-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964501 | 883 | 3.125 | 3 |
The financial crisis of 2008 revealed the extremely fragile financial system for the house of cards it was. The government, through the Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve, quickly sprang into action. The massive bailouts, totaling over $200 billion in commitments for the financial system alone, may have bought only a temporary reprieve from that crisis. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 created the Troubled Asset Relief Program with a total of $700 billion available. The Federal Reserve made its own loans to the banking system as it saw fit. Trillions of dollars were loosed from the central bank and the Treasury to keep the system going.
The final amount as calculated by the New York Times comes to a grand total of $2.46 trillion. Adding together the amount of money issued by the Federal Reserve through both rounds of quantitative easing raises that total to $4.81 trillion. Of the bailout money, some financial institutions received a lot more of it than others. Here is a list of the three biggest recipients of taxpayer money during the crisis of 2008 and afterwards.
Federal National Mortgage Association
The Federal National Mortgage Association, also known as Fannie Mae, received a total of $103.8 billion in bailout money, by far the largest single amount disbursed. The federal government took over Fannie Mae on September 7, 2008. Unlike the bailout money in the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the authorization for this action came from the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, passed in July of that year. As the aggregator and securitizer for hundreds of billions of dollars in mortgage-backed securities, Fannie Mae collapsed when the housing bubble collapsed.
American International Group (AIG)
AIG underwrote and insured credit default swaps for staggering amounts of mortgage-backed securities and other derivatives contracts. When they suddenly turned out to be bombs waiting to explode, AIG received a total of $67.8 billion in bailout money. The government bought a major stake in AIG in addition to taking over Fannie and Freddie outright. Combined with the Federal Reserve’s assurances, the total is actually well over $100 billion, but the taxpayer money committed is less than that. The Treasury essentially owns AIG to this day, but a plan to extricate itself from the company has been put into place.
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, also known as Freddie Mac was taken over on Setptember 7, 2008, the same day as Fannie Mae. The total bailout received by Freddie Mac was $65.2 billion, far less than its sibling organization received. Together, these two government-sponsored enterprises posted huge losses in the aftermath of the housing bubble. Taking them over meant infusing a potentially unlimited amount of money into them. To date, only $169 billion has been invested in them by the federal government.
Hundreds of banks received bailouts, from big Wall Street banks to small credit unions. The Wall Street banks like J.P. Morgan, Wells Fargo, Bank of America and Citigroup received tens of billions of dollars in bailout money. Insurance companies, automobile manufacturers, investment funds and state housing organizations also received bailout money. In the end, no one knows whether or not it had a positive effect.
|
<urn:uuid:d8cdd6d5-ac14-4015-be20-712b652f51ef>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://gettingmoneywise.com/2011/10/which-banks-received-most-bailout-money.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105700.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819162833-20170819182833-00392.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964905 | 663 | 2.75 | 3 |
Thus Spake Zarathustra, Nietzsche’s most popular work, is fundamentally different from his other publications and has been called a parable and a poetic fable. In form it imitates parts of the New Testament and the Platonic dialogues. The style is lighthearted, while the message is ironic, frequently ambiguous, and Dionysian. The book is full of metaphors and humorous allusions to specific philosophers and writers. Nietzsche later wrote that it summarized all the important ideas in his writings.
The teachings of Nietzsche’s Zarathustra, of course, have almost nothing in common with those of the Persian prophet who founded the Zoroastrian religion. Nietzsche explained in his autobiography the reason for choosing the name: Zarathustra was considered “the first” to teach the notion of a cosmic conflict between good and evil, and it was therefore appropriate for him to be the first to expose the errors of such a morality and to preach the “gospel of a new humanity.”
After contemplating for ten years in a mountainous cave, according to Nietzsche’s story, Zarathustra descended from his cave at the age of forty to bring enlightenment to humanity. The narrative is divided into four parts, of which the first three are a unit describing Zarathustra’s travels after the multitudes reject his message. Visiting many lands, Zarathustra spends his time arguing, dreaming, and delivering sermons. Finally returning to his cave in the fourth part, he finds eight “higher men,” each of a particular type, waiting for him. They hold a blasphemous festival in which they worship an ass as God, after which Zarathustra has discussions with each of them. He explains that these higher men are unable to rise to the exalted status of the Overman because of the influences of a decadent society. In the penultimate chapter, Zarathustra replaces existing religious commandments with exhortations to laugh, to be...
Friedrich Nietzsche was ignored and misunderstood during his lifetime, but his ideas went on to influence a variety of disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and literature, and eventually he came to be considered one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Trained as a classical Greek scholar, Nietzsche was a prodigy in his field, appointed associate professor at the University of Basel at the age of twenty-four. Because he suffered from poor health, particularly problems with his vision and his digestion, Nietzsche resigned his post in 1879 and turned his full attention to writing. He used his training in ancient Greek culture to critique traditional philosophy, and his insights into the hidden motives behind the formation of Western morality and ethics formed the basis for much twentieth century thought. Although he never completed an organized summary of his ideas, his revolutionary approach ensured him an important place in intellectual history.
In his early work, Nietzsche probed psychological phenomena and began to describe the function of the unconscious (some of this work foreshadowed his nervous breakdown in 1889, from which he never fully recovered). He analyzed humanity’s hidden drives, the human desire to dominate and to be dominated—drives that he would later describe as “the will to power” and that led to the famous skeptical doctrine in which he proclaimed the death of God—as forming the core of Christian virtue.
Nietzsche’s thought is best represented by his major work, Thus Spake Zarathustra. A long parable, full of sentimentality and satire, the work exhorts readers to abandon their conditioning and embrace a new mode of living: that of the Übermensch, or Overman, a being free from the constraints of society in general and of Christianity in particular. For Nietzsche, the Overman possessed a reason or a will that enabled him to master his passions and thus freed him to discover “truth,” or what Nietzsche called “the eternal recurrence of the same.”
Nietzsche declared that he chose the name Zarathustra because he was inspired by the Persian prophet, who had created the first moral vision of the world and transposed morality into the metaphysical realm so that, far from being a simple code of conduct, morality became an end in itself as both a force and a cause shaping the human universe. Consequently, Nietzsche’s book Thus Spake Zarathustra begins with the acknowledgment of its relevance to human life. As Zarathustra abandons his mountain solitude, he proclaims that he is going to travel in the world “once again to be a man.” Using metaphor, Nietzsche presents the mountain as the solitude of the soul, while the lowlands symbolize the plain inhabited by ordinary human beings. A similar symbolic contrast occurs with the appearance of Zarathustra’s pagan attendants, or animal familiars, the serpent and the eagle. The serpent is bound to the earth, while the eagle rules the sky, and Zarathustra, the bridge between the two, is the future healer of humanity’s split personality, tending on one hand toward the body and on the other toward the spirit.
Zarathustra contemplates the mystery of the sun, which sets and is reborn the next morning as a new and burning god. Nietzsche thus opens his book with metaphors for rebirth and resurrection, the theme underlying the entire work. After the stultifying effect of centuries of Christianity and of the kind of dogmatic moral beliefs that had led to the Crusades and the Inquisition, Nietzsche wonders how humanity can be reborn.
Nietzsche’s answer is to send his prophet Zarathustra, murderer of God, on a journey where he will preach the enlightened doctrine of daylight as a metaphor for consciousness and the limitations of human perception: “the drunken happiness of dying at midnight, that sings: the world is deep, deeper than day had been aware.” When...
|
<urn:uuid:9a1ddb81-8c4e-43b5-9fc2-82ea390f241a>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://www.enotes.com/topics/thus-spake-zarathustra
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510275463.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011755-00107-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9661 | 1,220 | 2.859375 | 3 |
With many Londoners hoping to spend part or all of the long weekend outdoors, the Middlesex London Health Unit is out with a warning.
How to properly get rid of ticks and avoid getting bit in the first place
Jeremy Hogeveen, vector-borne disease co-ordinator, confirms they’re currently seeing an uptick in the amount of ticks being submitted to the Health Unit. Story continues below
“Also, when our team is going out and looking for the ticks through some active surveillance, we are finding them kind of all over the place throughout Middlesex-London,” Hogeveen told AM980.“At this point, we’re just getting people to make sure that they start to protect themselves and to be aware that the ticks are out.”
Mount Allison University researchers establish Lyme Research Network
While the best way to avoid Lyme disease is to avoid getting bitten in the first place, people can usually avoid infection if the tick is removed within 24 to 36 hours of the bite.“The best thing you can do is remove the tick with a pair of tweezers, getting as close to the head of the tick and as close to your skin as possible, squeezing it firmly and pulling straight up with some pressure,” Hogeveen explained.“That enables that hopefully, the tick doesn’t leave any parts behind. Then washing that area with soap and water, keeping it clean. At that point, again, if you still have the tick, you can definitely bring it in to the Health Unit and at that point, we’ll go about identifying it and if need be, testing it for Lyme disease.”Fortunately, the majority of the ticks identified in the region have been dog ticks, which do not carry Lyme disease. However, caution is key in avoiding the infectious disease.
© 2017 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.
|
<urn:uuid:f8b5fcd5-6842-4d1c-8b7f-1d902b7028ac>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://christiannewstoday.com/environment/middlesex-london-health-unit-warns-of-uptick-in-tick-populations/483608
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886103891.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817170613-20170817190613-00478.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.93922 | 397 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Green Onyx is a type of gemstone that has been used for centuries, dating back to Ancient Egypt. It is made from a mineral called chalcedony, which can be found in a variety of colors including white, black, and pink. Green onyx gets its color from the trace amounts of iron that are present in the stone.
The name “onyx” comes from the Greek word “onux,” which means “claw.” This is likely due to the fact that onyx was often used to make cameos and intaglios, which are carvings in stone or gems that are made by carving away the background material to leave the raised design.
Green onyx is said to have a calming effect and to promote inner strength. It is also believed to be helpful in making wise decisions.
|
<urn:uuid:d5ed94a7-a8f5-4eaf-bcfd-dec55ec59358>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://crystalcafe.co/crystal/green-onyx/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100724.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208045320-20231208075320-00238.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.987713 | 175 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Myths of Babylonia and Assyria, by Donald A. MacKenzie, , at sacred-texts.com
Derivation of Ashur--Ashur as Anshar and Anu--Animal forms of Sky God--Anshar as Star God on the Celestial Mount--Isaiah's Parable--Symbols of World God and World Hill--Dance of the Constellations and Dance of Satyrs--Goat Gods and Bull Gods--Symbols of Gods as "High Heads"--The Winged Disc--Human Figure as Soul of the Sun--Ashur as Hercules and Gilgamesh--Gods differentiated by Cults--Fertility Gods as War Gods--Ashur's Tree and Animal forms--Ashur as Nisroch--Lightning Symbol in Disc--Ezekiel's Reference to Life Wheel--Indian Wheel and Discus--Wheels of Shamash and Ahura-Mazda--Hittite Winged Disc--Solar Wheel causes Seasonal Changes--Bonfires to stimulate Solar Deity--Burning of Gods and Kings--Magical Ring and other Symbols of Scotland--Ashur's Wheel of Life and Eagle Wings--King and Ashur--Ashur associated with Lunar, Fire, and Star Gods--The Osirian Clue--Hittite and Persian Influences.
THE rise of Assyria brings into prominence the national god Ashur, who had been the city god of Asshur, the ancient capital. When first met with, he is found to be a complex and mystical deity, and the problem of his origin is consequently rendered exceedingly difficult. Philologists are not agreed as to the derivation of his name, and present as varied views as they do when dealing with the name of Osiris. Some give Ashur a geographical significance, urging that its original form was Aushar, "water field"; others prefer the renderings "Holy", "the Beneficent One", or "the Merciful One"; while not a few regard Ashur as simply a dialectic form of the name of Anshar, the god who, in the Assyrian version, or copy, of the Babylonian Creation myth, is chief of the "host of heaven", and the father of Anu, Ea, and Enlil.
If Ashur is to be regarded as an abstract solar deity, who was developed from a descriptive place name, it follows that he had a history, like Anu or Ea, rooted in Naturalism or Animism. We cannot assume that his strictly local character was produced by modes of thought which did not obtain elsewhere. The colonists who settled at Asshur no doubt imported beliefs from some cultural area; they must have either given recognition to a god, or group of gods, or regarded the trees, hills, rivers, sun, moon, and stars, and the animals as manifestations of the "self power" of the Universe, before they undertook the work of draining and cultivating the "water field" and erecting permanent homes. Those who settled at Nineveh, for instance, believed that they were protected by the goddess Nina, the patron deity of the Sumerian city of Nina. As this goddess was also worshipped at Lagash, and was one of the many forms of the Great Mother, it would appear that in ancient times deities had a tribal rather than a geographical significance.
If the view is accepted that Ashur is Anshar, it can be urged that he was imported from Sumeria. "Out of that land (Shinar)", according to the Biblical reference, "went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh." 1 Asshur, or Ashur (identical, Delitzsch and Jastrow believe, with Ashir), 2 may have been an eponymous hero--a deified king like Etana, or Gilgamesh, who was regarded as an incarnation of an ancient god. As Anshar was an astral or early form of Anu, the Sumerian city of origin may have been Erech,
where the worship of the mother goddess was also given prominence.
Damascius rendered Anshar's name as "Assōros", a fact usually cited to establish Ashur's connection with that deity. This writer stated that the Babylonians passed over "Sige, 1 the mother, that has begotten heaven and earth", and made two--Apason (Apsu), the husband, and Tauthe (Tiawath or Tiamat), whose son was Moymis (Mummu). From these another progeny came forth--Lache and Lachos (Lachmu and Lachamu). These were followed by the progeny Kissare and Assōros (Kishar and Anshar), "from which were produced Anos (Anu), Illillos (Enlil) and Aos (Ea). And of Aos and Dauke (Dawkina or Damkina) was born Belos (Bel Merodach), whom they say is the Demiurge" 2 (the world artisan who carried out the decrees of a higher being).
Lachmu and Lachamu, like the second pair of the ancient group of Egyptian deities, probably symbolized darkness as a reproducing and sustaining power. Anshar was apparently an impersonation of the night sky, as his son Anu was of the day sky. It may have been believed that the soul of Anshar was in the moon as Nannar (Sin), or in a star, or that the moon and the stars were manifestations of him, and that the soul of Anu was in the sun or the firmament, or that the sun, firmament, and the wind were forms of this "self power".
If Ashur combined the attributes of Anshar and Anu, his early mystical character may be accounted for. Like the Indian Brahma, he may have been in his highest form an impersonation, or symbol, of the "self power" or "world soul" of developed Naturalism--the "creator", "preserver", and "destroyer" in one, a god of water, earth,
air, and sky, of sun, moon, and stars, fire and lightning, a god of the grove, whose essence was in the fig, or the fir cone, as it was in all animals. The Egyptian god Amon of Thebes, who was associated with water, earth, air, sky, sun and moon, had a ram form, and was "the hidden one", was developed from one of the elder eight gods; in the Pyramid Texts he and his consort are the fourth pair. When Amon was fused with the specialized sun god Ra, he was placed at the head of the Ennead as the Creator. "We have traces", says Jastrow, "of an Assyrian myth of Creation in which the sphere of creator is given to Ashur." 1
Before a single act of creation was conceived of, however, the early peoples recognized the eternity of matter, which was permeated by the "self power" of which the elder deities were vague phases. These were too vague, indeed, to be worshipped individually. The forms of the "self power" which were propitiated were trees, rivers, hills, or animals. As indicated in the previous chapter, a tribe worshipped an animal or natural object which dominated its environment. The animal might be the source of the food supply, or might have to be propitiated to ensure the food supply. Consequently they identified the self power of the Universe with the particular animal with which they were most concerned. One section identified the spirit of the heavens with the bull and another with the goat. In India Dyaus was a bull, and his spouse, the earth mother, Prithivi, was a cow. The Egyptian sky goddess Hathor was a cow, and other goddesses were identified with the hippopotamus, the serpent, the cat, or the vulture. Ra, the sun god, was identified in turn with the cat, the ass, the bull, the ram, and the crocodile, the various animal forms of the local deities he had absorbed. The eagle in
[paragraph continues] Babylonia and India, and the vulture, falcon, and mysterious Phoenix in Egypt, were identified with the sun, fire, wind, and lightning. The animals associated with the god Ashur were the bull, the eagle, and the lion. He either absorbed the attributes of other gods, or symbolized the "Self Power" of which the animals were manifestations.
The earliest germ of the Creation myth was the idea that night was the parent of day, and water of the earth. Out of darkness and death came light and life. Life was also motion. When the primordial waters became troubled, life began to be. Out of the confusion came order and organization. This process involved the idea of a stable and controlling power, and the succession of i a group of deities--passive deities and active deities. When the Babylonian astrologers assisted in developing the Creation myth, they appear to have identified with the stable and controlling spirit of the night heaven that steadfast orb the Polar Star. Anshar, like Shakespeare's Cæsar, seemed to say:
[paragraph continues] Associated with the Polar Star was the constellation Ursa Minor, "the Little Bear", called by the Babylonian astronomers, "the Lesser Chariot". There were chariots before horses were introduced. A patesi of Lagash had a chariot which was drawn by asses.
The seemingly steadfast Polar Star was called "Ilu Sar", "the god Shar", or Anshar, "star of the height ",
or "Shar the most high". It seemed to be situated at the summit of the vault of heaven. The god Shar, therefore, stood upon the Celestial mountain, the Babylonian Olympus. He was the ghost of the elder god, who in Babylonia was displaced by the younger god, Merodach, as Mercury, the morning star, or as the sun, the planet of day; and in Assyria by Ashur, as the sun, or Regulus, or Arcturus, or Orion. Yet father and son were identical. They were phases of the One, the "self power".
A deified reigning king was an incarnation of the god; after death he merged in the god, as did the Egyptian Unas. The eponymous hero Asshur may have similarly merged in the universal Ashur, who, like Horus, an incarnation of Osiris, had many phases or forms.
Isaiah appears to have been familiar with the Tigro-Euphratean myths about the divinity of kings and the displacement of the elder god by the younger god, of whom the ruling monarch was an incarnation, and with the idea that the summit of the Celestial mountain was crowned by the "north star", the symbol of Anshar. "Thou shalt take up this parable", he exclaimed, making use of Babylonian symbolism, "against the king of Babylon and say, How hath the oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased! . . . How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend unto heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God; I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north; I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High." 1 The king is identified with Lucifer as the deity of fire and the morning star; he is the younger god who aspired to occupy the
mountain throne of his father, the god Shar--the Polar or North Star.
It is possible that the Babylonian idea of a Celestial mountain gave origin to the belief that the earth was a mountain surrounded by the outer ocean, beheld by Etana when he flew towards heaven on the eagle's back. In India this hill is Mount Meru, the "world spine", which "sustains the earth"; it is surmounted by Indra's Valhal, or "the great city of Brahma". In Teutonic mythology the heavens revolve round the Polar Star, which is called "Veraldar nagli", 1 the "world spike"; while the earth is sustained by the "world tree". The "ded" amulet of Egypt symbolized the backbone of Osiris as a world god: "ded" means "firm", "established"; 2 while at burial ceremonies the coffin was set up on end, inside the tomb, "on a small sandhill intended to represent the Mountain of the West--the realm of the dead". 3 The Babylonian temple towers were apparently symbols of the "world hill". At Babylon, the Du-azaga, "holy mound", was Merodach's temple E-sagila, "the Temple of the High Head". E-kur, rendered "the house or temple of the Mountain", was the temple of Bel Enlil at Nippur. At Erech, the temple of the goddess Ishtar was E-anna, which connects her, as Nina or Ninni, with Anu, derived from "ana", "heaven". Ishtar was "Queen of heaven".
Now Polaris, situated at the summit of the celestial mountain, was identified with the sacred goat, "the highest of the flock of night". 4 Ursa Minor (the "Little Bear" constellation) may have been "the goat with six heads",
referred to by Professor Sayce. 1 The six astral goats or goat-men were supposed to be dancing round the chief goat-man or Satyr (Anshar). Even in the dialogues of Plato the immemorial belief was perpetuated that the constellations were "moving as in a dance". Dancing began as a magical or religious practice, and the earliest astronomers saw their dancing customs reflected in the heavens by the constellations, whose movements were rhythmical. No doubt, Isaiah had in mind the belief of the Babylonians regarding the dance of their goat-gods when he foretold: "Their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls (ghosts) shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there". 2 In other words, there would be no people left to perform religious dances beside the "desolate houses"; the stars only would be seen dancing round Polaris.
Tammuz, like Anshar, as sentinel of the night heaven, was a goat, as was also Nin-Girsu of Lagash. A Sumerian reference to "a white kid of En Mersi (Nin-Girsu)" was translated into Semitic, "a white kid of Tammuz". The goat was also associated with Merodach. Babylonians, having prayed to that god to take away their diseases or their sins, released a goat, which was driven into the desert. The present Polar Star, which was not, of course, the Polar star of the earliest astronomers, the world having rocked westward, is called in Arabic Al-Jedy, "the kid". In India, the goat was connected with Agni and Varuna; it was slain at funeral ceremonies to inform the gods that a soul was about to enter heaven. Ea, the Sumerian lord of water, earth, and heaven, was symbolized as a "goat fish". Thor, the
[paragraph continues] Teutonic fertility and thunder god, had a chariot drawn by goats. It is of interest to note that the sacred Sumerian goat bore on its forehead the same triangular symbol as the Apis bull of Egypt.
Ashur was not a "goat of heaven", but a "bull of heaven", like the Sumerian Nannar (Sin), the moon god of Ur, Ninip of Saturn, and Bel Enlil. As the bull, however, he was, like Anshar, the ruling animal of the heavens; and like Anshar he had associated with him "six divinities of council".
Other deities who were similarly exalted as "high heads" at various centres and at various periods, included Anu, Bel Enlil, and Ea, Merodach, Nergal, and Shamash. A symbol of the first three was a turban on a seat, or altar, which may have represented the "world mountain". Ea, as "the world spine", was symbolized as a column, with ram's head, standing on a throne, beside which crouched a "goat fish". Merodach's column terminated in a lance head, and the head of a lion crowned that of Nergal. These columns were probably connected with pillar worship, and therefore with tree worship, the pillar being the trunk of the "world tree". The symbol of the sun god Shamash was a disc, from which flowed streams of water; his rays apparently were "fertilizing tears", like the rays of the Egyptian sun god Ra. Horus, the Egyptian falcon god, was symbolized as the winged solar disc.
It is necessary to accumulate these details regarding other deities and their symbols before dealing with Ashur. The symbols of Ashur must be studied, because they are one of the sources of our knowledge regarding the god's origin and character. These include (1) a winged disc with horns, enclosing four circles revolving round a middle circle; rippling rays fall down from either
Click to enlarge
[paragraph continues] The two symbols with feather-robed archers, shown on the left, are described on page 335. The winged disk on the right appears on a Babylonian "boundary stone" which dates from the reign of Marduk-balatsu-ikbi. (See pages 415, 416.)
side of the disc; (2) a circle or wheel, suspended from wings, and enclosing a warrior drawing his bow to discharge an arrow; and (3) the same circle; the warrior's bow, however, is carried in his left hand, while the right hand is uplifted as if to bless his worshippers. These symbols are taken from seal cylinders.
An Assyrian standard, which probably represented the "world column", has the disc mounted on a bull's head with horns. The upper part of the disc is occupied by a warrior, whose head, part of his bow, and the point of his arrow protrude from the circle. The rippling water rays are V-shaped, and two bulls, treading river-like rays, occupy the divisions thus formed. There are also two heads--a lion's and a man's--with gaping mouths, which may symbolize tempests, the destroying power of the sun, or the sources of the Tigris and Euphrates.
Jastrow regards the winged disc as "the purer and more genuine symbol of Ashur as a solar deity". He calls it "a sun disc with protruding rays", and says: "To this symbol the warrior with the bow and arrow was added--a despiritualization that reflects the martial spirit of the Assyrian empire". 1
The sun symbol on the sun boat of Ra encloses similarly a human figure, which was apparently regarded as the soul of the sun: the life of the god was in the "sun egg". In an Indian prose treatise it is set forth: "Now that man in yonder orb (the sun) and that man in the right eye truly are no other than Death (the soul). His feet have stuck fast in the heart, and having pulled them out he comes forth; and when he comes forth then that man dies; whence they say of him who has passed
away, 'he has been cut off (his life or life string has been severed)'." 1 The human figure did not indicate a process of "despiritualization" either in Egypt or in India. The Horus "winged disc" was besides a symbol of destruction and battle, as well as of light and fertility. Horus assumed that form in one legend to destroy Set and his followers. 2 But, of course, the same symbols may not have conveyed the same ideas to all peoples. As Blake put it:
[paragraph continues] Indeed, it is possible that the winged disc meant one thing to an Assyrian priest, and another thing to a man not gifted with what Blake called "double vision".
What seems certain, however, is that the archer was as truly solar as the "wings" or "rays". In Babylonia and Assyria the sun was, among other things, a destroyer from the earliest times. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that Ashur, like Merodach, resembled, in one of his phases, Hercules, or rather his prototype Gilgamesh. One of Gilgamesh's mythical feats was the slaying of three demon birds. These may be identical with the birds of prey which Hercules, in performing his sixth labour, hunted out of Stymphalus. 3 In the Greek Hipparcho-Ptolemy star list Hercules was the constellation of the "Kneeler", and in Babylonian-Assyrian astronomy he was (as Gilgamesh or Merodach) "Sarru", "the king". The astral "Arrow" (constellation of Sagitta)
was pointed against the constellations of the "Eagle", "Vulture", and "Swan". In Phœnician astronomy the Vulture was "Zither" (Lyra), a weapon with which Hercules (identified with Melkarth) slew Linos, the musician. Hercules used a solar arrow, which he received from Apollo. In various mythologies the arrow is associated with the sun, the moon, and the atmospheric deities, and is a symbol of lightning, rain, and fertility, as well as of famine, disease, war, and death. The green-faced goddess Neith of Libya, compared by the Greeks to Minerva, carries in one hand two arrows and a bow. 1 If we knew as little of Athena (Minerva), who was armed with a lance, a breastplate made of the skin of a goat, a shield, and helmet, as we do of Ashur, it might be held that she was simply a goddess of war. The archer in the sun disc of the Assyrian standard probably represented Ashur as the god of the people--a deity closely akin to Merodach, with pronounced Tammuz traits, and therefore linking with other local deities like Ninip, Nergal, and Shamash, and partaking also like these of the attributes of the elder gods Anu, Bel Enlil, and Ea.
All the other deities worshipped by the Assyrians were of Babylonian origin. Ashur appears to have differed from them just as one local Babylonian deity differed from another. He reflected Assyrian experiences and aspirations, but it is difficult to decide whether the sublime spiritual aspect of his character was due to the beliefs of alien peoples, by whom the early Assyrians were influenced, or to the teachings of advanced Babylonian thinkers, whose doctrines found readier acceptance in a "new country" than among the conservative ritualists
of ancient Sumerian and Akkadian cities. New cults were formed from time to time in Babylonia, and when they achieved political power they gave a distinctive character to the religion of their city states. Others which did not find political support and remained in obscurity at home, may have yet extended their influence far and wide. Buddhism, for instance, originated in India, but now flourishes in other countries, to which it was introduced by missionaries. In the homeland it was submerged by the revival of Brahmanism, from which it sprung, and which it was intended permanently to displace. An instance of an advanced cult suddenly achieving prominence as a result of political influence is afforded by Egypt, where the fully developed Aton religion was embraced and established as a national religion by Akhenaton, the so-called "dreamer". That migrations were sometimes propelled by cults, which sought new areas in which to exercise religious freedom and propagate their beliefs, is suggested by the invasion of India at the close of the Vedic period by the "later comers", who laid the foundations of Brahmanism. They established themselves in Madhyadesa, "the Middle Country", "the land where the Brahmanas and the later Samhitas were produced". From this centre went forth missionaries, who accomplished the Brahmanization of the rest of India. 1
It may be, therefore, that the cult of Ashur was influenced in its development by the doctrines of advanced teachers from Babylonia, and that Persian Mithraism was also the product of missionary efforts extended from that great and ancient cultural area. Mitra, as has been stated, was one of the names of the Babylonian sun god, who was also a god of fertility. But Ashur could not have been to
begin with merely a battle and solar deity. As the god of a city state he must have been worshipped by agriculturists, artisans, and traders; he must have been recognized as a deity of fertility, culture, commerce, and law. Even as a national god he must have made wider appeal than to the cultured and ruling classes. Bel Enlil of Nippur was a "world god" and war god, but still remained a local corn god.
Assyria's greatness was reflected by Ashur, but he also reflected the origin and growth of that greatness. The civilization of which he was a product had an agricultural basis. It began with the development of the natural resources of Assyria, as was recognized by the Hebrew prophet, who said: "Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches. . . . The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field. Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters when he shot forth. All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations. Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches; for his root was by great waters. The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty." 1
Asshur, the ancient capital, was famous for its merchants. It is referred to in the Bible as one of the cities which traded with Tyre "in all sorts of things, in blue
clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar". 1
As a military power, Assyria's name was dreaded. "Behold," Isaiah said, addressing King Hezekiah, "thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands by destroying them utterly." 2 The same prophet, when foretelling how Israel would suffer, exclaimed: "O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation. I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets." 3
We expect to find Ashur reflected in these three phases of Assyrian civilization. If we recognize him in the first place as a god of fertility, his other attributes are at once included. A god of fertility is a corn god and a water god. The river as a river was a "creator" (p. 29), and Ashur was therefore closely associated with the "watery place", with the canals or "rivers running round about his plants". The rippling water-rays, or fertilizing tears, appear on the solar discs. As a corn god, he was a god of war. Tammuz's first act was to slay the demons of winter and storm, as Indra's in India was to slay the demons of drought, and Thor's in Scandinavia was to exterminate the frost giants. The corn god had to be fed with human sacrifices, and the people therefore waged war against foreigners to obtain victims. As the god made a contract with his people, he was a deity of commerce; he provided them with food and they in turn fed him with offerings.
In Ezekiel's comparison of Assyria to a mighty tree, there is no doubt a mythological reference. The Hebrew
Click to enlarge
WINGED DEITIES KNEELING BESIDE A SACRED TREE
Marble Slab from N.W. Palace of Nimrod: now in British Museum.
prophets invariably utilized for their poetic imagery the characteristic beliefs of the peoples to whom they made direct reference. The "owls", "satyrs", and "dragons" of Babylon, mentioned by Isaiah, were taken from Babylonian mythology, as has been indicated. When, therefore, Assyria is compared to a cedar, which is greater than fir or chestnut, and it is stated that there are nesting birds in the branches, and under them reproducing beasts of the field, and that the greatness of the tree is due to "the multitude of waters", the conclusion is suggested that Assyrian religion, which Ashur's symbols reflect, included the worship of trees, birds, beasts, and water. The symbol of the Assyrian tree--probably the "world tree" of its religion--appears to be "the rod of mine anger . . . the staff in their hand"; that is, the battle standard which was a symbol of Ashur. Tammuz and Osiris were tree gods as well as corn gods.
Now, as Ashur was evidently a complex deity, it is futile to attempt to read his symbols without giving consideration to the remnants of Assyrian mythology which are found in the ruins of the ancient cities. These either reflect the attributes of Ashur, or constitute the material from which he evolved.
As Layard pointed out many years ago, the Assyrians had a sacred tree which became conventionalized. It was "an elegant device, in which curved branches, springing from a kind of scroll work, terminated in flowers of graceful form. As one of the figures last described 1 was turned, as if in act of adoration, towards this device, it was evidently a sacred emblem; and I recognized in it the holy tree, or tree of life, so universally adored at the remotest period in the East, and which was preserved in the religious systems of the Persians to the final overthrow
of their Empire. . . . The flowers were formed by seven petals." 1
This tree looks like a pillar, and is thrice crossed by conventionalized bull's horns tipped with ring symbols which may be stars, the highest pair of horns having a larger ring between them, but only partly shown as if it were a crescent. The tree with its many "sevenfold" designs may have been a symbol of the "Sevenfold-one-are-ye" deity. This is evidently the Assyrian tree which was called "the rod" or "staff".
What mythical animals did this tree shelter? Layard found that "the four creatures continually introduced on the sculptured walls", were "a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle". 2
In Sumeria the gods were given human form, but before this stage was reached the bull symbolized Nannar (Sin), the moon god, Ninip (Saturn, the old sun), and Enlil, while Nergal was a lion, as a tribal sun god. The eagle is represented by the Zu bird, which symbolized the storm and a phase of the sun, and was also a deity of fertility. On the silver vase of Lagash the lion and eagle were combined as the lion-headed eagle, a form of Nin-Girsu (Tammuz), and it was associated with wild goats, stags, lions, and bulls. On a mace head dedicated to Nin-Girsu, a lion slays a bull as the Zu bird slays serpents in the folk tale, suggesting the wars of totemic deities, according to one "school", and the battle of the sun with the storm clouds according to another. Whatever the explanation may be of one animal deity of fertility slaying another, it seems certain that the conflict was associated with the idea of sacrifice to procure the food supply.
In Assyria the various primitive gods were combined as a winged bull, a winged bull with human head (the
king's), a winged lion with human head, a winged man, a deity with lion's head, human body, and eagle's legs with claws, and also as a deity with eagle's head and feather headdress, a human body, wings, and feather-fringed robe, carrying in one hand a metal basket on which two winged men adored the holy tree, and in the other a fir cone. 1
Layard suggested that the latter deity, with eagle's head, was Nisroch, "the word Nisr signifying, in all Semitic languages, an eagle". 2 This deity is referred to in the Bible: "Sennacherib, king of Assyria, . . . was worshipping in the house of Nisroch, his god". 3 Professor Pinches is certain that Nisroch is Ashur, but considers that the "ni" was attached to "Ashur" (Ashuraku or Ashurachu), as it was to "Marad" (Merodach) to give the reading Ni-Marad = Nimrod. The names of heathen deities were thus made "unrecognizable, and in all probability ridiculous as well. . . . Pious and orthodox lips could pronounce them without fear of defilement." 4 At the same time the "Nisr" theory is probable: it may represent another phase of this process. The names of heathen gods were not all treated in like manner by the Hebrew teachers. Abed-nebo, for instance, became Abed-nego (Daniel, i, 7), as Professor Pinches shows.
Seeing that the eagle received prominence in the mythologies of Sumeria and Assyria, as a deity of fertility with solar and atmospheric attributes, it is highly probable that the Ashur symbol, like the Egyptian Horus solar disk, is a winged symbol of life, fertility, and destruction. The idea that it represents the sun in eclipse, with protruding
rays, seems rather far-fetched, because eclipses were disasters and indications of divine wrath; 1 it certainly does not explain why the "rays" should only stretch out sideways, like wings, and downward like a tail, why the "rays" should be double, like the double wings of cherubs, bulls, &c., and divided into sections suggesting feathers, or why the disk is surmounted by conventionalized horns, tipped with star-like ring symbols, identical with those depicted in the holy tree. What particular connection the five small rings within the disk were supposed to have with the eclipse of the sun is difficult to discover.
In one of the other symbols in which appears a feather-robed archer, it is significant to find that the arrow he is about to discharge has a head shaped like a trident; it is evidently a lightning symbol.
When Ezekiel prophesied to the Israelitish captives at Tel-abib, "by the river of Chebar" in Chaldea (Kheber, near Nippur), he appears to have utilized Assyrian symbolism. Probably he came into contact in Babylonia with fugitive priests from Assyrian cities.
This great prophet makes interesting references to "four living creatures", with "four faces"--the face of a man, the face of a lion, the face of an ox, and the face of an eagle; "they had the hands of a man under their wings, . . . their wings were joined one to another; . . . their wings were stretched upward: two wings of every one were joined one to another. . . . Their appearance was like burning coals of fire and like the appearance of lamps. . . . The living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning." 2
Elsewhere, referring to the sisters, Aholah and Aholibah, who had been in Egypt and had adopted unmoral ways of
Click to enlarge
EAGLE-HEADED WINGED DEITY (ASHUR)
Marble Slab, British Museum.
life, Ezekiel tells that when Aholibah "doted upon the Assyrians" she "saw men pourtrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans pourtrayed with vermilion, girded with girdles upon their loins". 1 Traces of the red colour on the walls of Assyrian temples and palaces have been observed by excavators. The winged gods "like burning coals" were probably painted in vermilion.
Ezekiel makes reference to "ring" and "wheel" symbols. In his vision he saw "one wheel upon the earth by the living creatures, with his four faces. The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto the colour of beryl; and they four had one likeness; and their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel. . . . As for their rings, they were so high that they were dreadful; and their rings were full of eyes round about them four. And when the living creatures went, the wheels went by them; and when the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up. Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went, thither was their spirit to go; and the wheels were lifted up over against them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels. 2 . . . And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was as the colour of terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above. . . . And when they went I heard the noise of their wings, like the noise of great waters, as the voice of the Almighty, the voice of speech, as the noise of an host; when they stood they let down their wings. . . ." 3
Another description of the cherubs states: "Their whole body, and their backs, and their hands, and their wings, and the wheels, were full of eyes (? stars) round
about, even the wheels that they four had. As for the wheels, it was cried unto them in my hearing, O wheel!"--or, according to a marginal rendering, "they were called in my hearing, wheel, or Gilgal," i.e. move round. . . . "And the cherubims were lifted up." 1
It would appear that the wheel (or hoop, a variant rendering) was a symbol of life, and that the Assyrian feather-robed figure which it enclosed was a god, not of war only, but also of fertility. His trident-headed arrow resembles, as has been suggested, a lightning symbol. Ezekiel's references are suggestive in this connection. When the cherubs "ran and returned" they had "the appearance of a flash of lightning", and "the noise of their wings" resembled "the noise of great waters". Their bodies were "like burning coals of fire". Fertility gods were associated with fire, lightning, and water. Agni of India, Sandan of Asia Minor, and Melkarth of Phoenicia were highly developed fire gods of fertility. The fire cult was also represented in Sumeria (pp. 49-51).
In the Indian epic, the Mahàbhàrata, the revolving ring or wheel protects the Soma 2 (ambrosia) of the gods, on which their existence depends. The eagle giant Garuda sets forth to steal it. The gods, fully armed, gather round to protect the life-giving drink. Garuda approaches "darkening the worlds by the dust raised by the hurricane of his wings". The celestials, "overwhelmed by that dust", swoon away. Garuda afterwards assumes a fiery shape, then looks "like masses of black clouds", and in the end its body becomes golden and bright "as the rays of the sun". The Soma is protected by fire, which the bird quenches after "drinking in many rivers" with the numerous mouths it has assumed. Then Garuda finds that right above the Soma is "a wheel of steel, keen
edged, and sharp as a razor, revolving incessantly. That fierce instrument, of the lustre of the blazing sun and of terrible form, was devised by the gods for cutting to pieces all robbers of the Soma." Garuda passes "through the spokes of the wheel", and has then to contend against "two great snakes of the lustre of blazing fire, of tongues bright as the lightning flash, of great energy, of mouth emitting fire, of blazing eyes". He slays the snakes. . . . The gods afterwards recover the stolen Soma.
Garuda becomes the vehicle of the god Vishnu, who carries the discus, another fiery wheel which revolves and returns to the thrower like lightning. "And he (Vishnu) made the bird sit on the flagstaff of his car, saying: 'Even thus thou shalt stay above me'." 1
The Persian god Ahura Mazda hovers above the king in sculptured representations of that high dignitary, enclosed in a winged wheel, or disk, like Ashur, grasping a ring in one hand, the other being lifted up as if blessing those who adore him.
Shamash, the Babylonian sun god; Ishtar, the goddess of heaven; and other Babylonian deities carried rings as the Egyptian gods carried the ankh, the symbol of life. Shamash was also depicted sitting on his throne in a pillar-supported pavilion, in front of which is a sun wheel. The spokes of the wheel are formed by a star symbol and threefold rippling "water rays".
In Hittite inscriptions there are interesting winged emblems; "the central portion" of one "seems to be composed of two crescents underneath a disk (which is also divided like a crescent). Above the emblem there appear the symbol of sanctity (the divided oval) and the hieroglyph which Professor Sayce interprets as the name of the god Sandes." In another instance "the centre of
the winged emblem may be seen to be a rosette, with a curious spreading object below. Above, two dots follow the name of Sandes, and a human arm bent 'in adoration' is by the side. . . ." Professor Garstang is here dealing with sacred places "on rocky points or hilltops, bearing out the suggestion of the sculptures near Boghaz-Keui 1, in which there may be reasonably suspected the surviving traces of mountain cults, or cults of mountain deities, underlying the newer religious symbolism". Who the deity is it is impossible to say, but "he was identified at some time or other with Sandes". 2 It would appear, too, that the god may have been "called by a name which was that used also by the priest". Perhaps the priest king was believed to be an incarnation of the deity.
Sandes or Sandan was identical with Sandon of Tarsus, "the prototype of Attis", 3 who links with the Babylonian Tammuz. Sandon's animal symbol was the lion, and he carried the "double axe" symbol of the god of fertility and thunder. As Professor Frazer has shown in The Golden Bough, he links with Hercules and Melkarth. 4
All the younger gods, who displaced the elder gods as one year displaces another, were deities of fertility, battle, lightning, fire, and the sun; it is possible, therefore, that Ashur was like Merodach, son of Ea, god of the deep, a form of Tammuz in origin. His spirit was in the solar wheel which revolved at times of seasonal change. In Scotland it was believed that on the morning of May Day (Beltaine) the rising sun revolved three times. The younger god was a spring sun god and fire god. Great
bonfires were lit to strengthen him, or as a ceremony of riddance; the old year was burned out. Indeed the god himself might be burned (that is, the old god), so that he might renew his youth. Melkarth was burned at Tyre. Hercules burned himself on a mountain top, and his soul ascended to heaven as an eagle.
These fiery rites were evidently not unknown in Babylonia and Assyria. When, according to Biblical narrative, Nebuchadnezzar "made an image of gold" which he set up "in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon", he commanded: "O people, nations, and languages . . . at the time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of musick . . . fall down and worship the golden image". Certain Jews who had been "set over the affairs of the province of Babylonia", namely, "Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego", refused to adore the idol. They were punished by being thrown into "a burning fiery furnace", which was heated "seven times more than it was wont to be heated". They came forth uninjured. 1
In the Koran it is related that Abraham destroyed the images of Chaldean gods; he "brake them all in pieces except the biggest of them; that they might lay the blame on that". 2 According to the commentators the Chaldæans were at the time "abroad in the fields, celebrating a great festival". To punish the offender Nimrod had a great pyre erected at Cuthah. "Then they bound Abraham, and putting him into an engine, shot him into the midst of the fire, from which he was preserved by the angel Gabriel, who was sent to his assistance." Eastern Christians were wont to set apart in the Syrian calendar the
[paragraph continues] 25th of January to commemorate Abraham's escape from Nimrod's pyre. 1
It is evident that the Babylonian fire ceremony was observed in the spring season, and that human beings were sacrificed to the sun god. A mock king may have been burned to perpetuate the ancient sacrifice of real kings, who were incarnations of the god.
Isaiah makes reference to the sacrificial burning of kings in Assyria: "For through the voice of the Lord shall the Assyrian be beaten down, which smote with a rod. And in every place where the grounded staff shall pass, which the Lord shall lay upon him, it shall be with tabrets and harps: and in battles of shaking will he fight with it. For Tophet is ordained of old; yea, for the king it is prepared: he hath made it deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much wood: the breath of the Lord, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it." 2 When Nineveh was about to fall, and with it the Assyrian Empire, the legendary king, Sardanapalus, who was reputed to have founded Tarsus, burned himself, with his wives, concubines, and eunuchs, on a pyre in his palace. Zimri, who reigned over Israel for seven days, "burnt the king's house over him with fire" 3. Saul, another fallen king, was burned after death, and his bones were buried "under the oak in Jabesh". 4 In Europe the oak was associated with gods of fertility and lightning, including Jupiter and Thor. The ceremony of burning Saul is of special interest. Asa, the orthodox king of Judah, was, after death, "laid in the bed which was filled with sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by the apothecaries' art: and they made a very great burning for him" (2 Chronicles,
xvi, 14). Jehoram, the heretic king of Judah, who "walked in the way of the kings of Israel", died of "an incurable disease. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers" (2 Chronicles, xxi, 18, 19).
The conclusion suggested by the comparative study of the beliefs of neighbouring peoples, and the evidence afforded by Assyrian sculptures, is that Ashur was a highly developed form of the god of fertility, who was sustained, or aided in his conflicts with demons, by the fires and sacrifices of his worshippers.
It is possible to read too much into his symbols. These are not more complicated and vague than are the symbols on the standing stones of Scotland--the crescent with the "broken" arrow; the trident with the double rings, or wheels, connected by two crescents; the circle with the dot in its centre; the triangle with the dot; the large disk with two small rings on either side crossed by double straight lines; the so-called "mirror", and so on. Highly developed symbolism may not indicate a process of spiritualization so much, perhaps, as the persistence of magical beliefs and practices. There is really no direct evidence to support the theory that the Assyrian winged disk, or disk "with protruding rays", was of more spiritual character than the wheel which encloses the feather-robed archer with his trident-shaped arrow.
The various symbols may have represented phases of the god. When the spring fires were lit, and the god "renewed his life like the eagle", his symbol was possibly the solar wheel or disk with eagle's wings, which became regarded as a symbol of life. The god brought life and light to the world; he caused the crops to grow; he gave increase; he sustained his worshippers. But he was also the god who slew the demons of darkness and storm.
[paragraph continues] The Hittite winged disk was Sandes or Sandon, the god of lightning, who stood on the back of a bull. As the lightning god was a war god, it was in keeping with his character to find him represented in Assyria as "Ashur the archer" with the bow and lightning arrow. On the disk of the Assyrian standard the lion and the bull appear with "the archer" as symbols of the war god Ashur, but they were also symbols of Ashur the god of fertility.
The life or spirit of the god was in the ring or wheel, as the life of the Egyptian and Indian gods, and of the giants of folk tales, was in "the egg". The "dot within the circle", a widespread symbol, may have represented the seed within "the egg" of more than one mythology, or the thorn within the egg of more than one legendary story. It may be that in Assyria, as in India, the crude beliefs and symbols of the masses were spiritualized by the speculative thinkers in the priesthood, but no literary evidence has survived to justify us in placing the Assyrian teachers on the same level as the Brahmans who composed the Upanishads.
Temples were erected to Ashur, but he might be worshipped anywhere, like the Queen of Heaven, who received offerings in the streets of Jerusalem, for "he needed no temple", as Professor Pinches says. Whether this was because he was a highly developed deity or a product of folk religion it is difficult to decide. One important fact is that the ruling king of Assyria was more closely connected with the worship of Ashur than the king of Babylonia was with the worship of Merodach. This may be because the Assyrian king was regarded as an incarnation of his god, like the Egyptian Pharaoh. Ashur accompanied the monarch on his campaigns: he was their conquering war god. Where the king was, there was Ashur also. No images were made of him,
but his symbols were carried aloft, as were the symbols of Indian gods in the great war of the Mahàbhàrata epic.
It would appear that Ashur was sometimes worshipped in the temples of other gods. In an interesting inscription he is associated with the moon god Nannar (Sin) of Haran. Esarhaddon, the Assyrian king, is believed to have been crowned in that city. "The writer", says Professor Pinches, "is apparently addressing Assur-bani-apli, 'the great and noble Asnapper':
"When the father of my king my lord went to Egypt, he was crowned (?) in the ganni of Harrah, the temple (lit. 'Bethel') of cedar. The god Sin remained over the (sacred) standard, two crowns upon his head, (and) the god Nusku stood beside him. The father of the king my lord entered, (and) he (the priest of Sin) placed (the crown?) upon his head, (saying) thus: 'Thou shalt go and capture the lands in the midst'. (He we)nt, he captured the land of Egypt. The rest of the lands not submitting (?) to Assur (Ashur) and Sin, the king, the lord of kings, shall capture (them)." 1
Ashur and Sin are here linked as equals. Associated with them is Nusku, the messenger of the gods, who was given prominence in Assyria. The kings frequently invoked him. As the son of Ea he acted as the messenger between Merodach and the god of the deep. He was also a son of Bel Enlil, and like Anu was guardian or chief of the Igigi, the "host of heaven". Professor Pinches suggests that he may have been either identical with the Sumerian fire god Gibil, or a brother of the fire god, and an impersonation of the light of fire and sun. In Haran he accompanied the moon god, and may, therefore, have symbolized the light of the moon also. Professor
[paragraph continues] Pinches adds that in one inscription "he is identified with Nirig or En-reshtu" (Nin-Girsu = Tammuz). 1The Babylonians and Assyrians associated fire and light with moisture and fertility.
The astral phase of the character of Ashur is highly probable. As has been indicated, the Greek rendering of Anshar as "Assoros", is suggestive in this connection. Jastrow, however, points out that the use of the characters Anshar for Ashur did not obtain until the eighth century B.C. "Linguistically", he says, "the change of Ashir to Ashur can be accounted for, but not the transformation of An-shar to Ashur or Ashir; so that we must assume the 'etymology' of Ashur, proposed by some learned scribe, to be the nature of a play upon the name." 2 On the other hand, it is possible that what appears arbitrary to us may have been justified in ancient Assyria on perfectly reasonable, or at any rate traditional, grounds. Professor Pinches points out that as a sun god, and "at the same time not Shamash", Ashur resembled Merodach. "His identification with Merodach, if that was ever accepted, may have been due to the likeness of the word to Asari, one of the deities' names." 3 As Asari, Merodach has been compared to the Egyptian Osiris, who, as the Nile god, was Asar-Hapi. Osiris resembles Tammuz and was similarly a corn deity and a ruler of the living and the dead, associated with sun, moon, stars, water, and vegetation. We may consistently connect Ashur with Aushar, "water field", Anshar, "god of the height", or "most high", and with the eponymous King Asshur who went out on the land of Nimrod and "builded Nineveh", if we regard him as of common origin with Tammuz, Osiris,
and Attis--a developed and localized form of the ancient deity of fertility and corn.
Ashur had a spouse who is referred to as Ashuritu, or Beltu, "the lady". Her name, however, is not given, but it is possible that she was identified with the Ishtar of Nineveh. In the historical texts Ashur, as the royal god, stands alone. Like the Hittite Great Father, he was perhaps regarded as the origin of life. Indeed, it may have been due to the influence of the northern hillmen in the early Assyrian period, that Ashur was developed as a father god--a Baal. When the Hittite inscriptions are read, more light may be thrown on the Ashur problem. Another possible source of cultural influence is Persia. The supreme god Ahura-Mazda (Ormuzd) was, as has been indicated, represented, like Ashur, hovering over the king's head, enclosed in a winged disk or wheel, and the sacred tree figured in Persian mythology. The early Assyrian kings had non-Semitic and non-Sumerian names. It seems reasonable to assume that the religious culture of the ethnic elements they represented must have contributed to the development of the city god of Asshur.
327:1 Genesis, x, 11.
327:2 "A number of tablets have been found in Cappadocia of the time of the Second Dynasty of Ur which show marked affinities with Assyria. The divine name Ashir, as in early Assyrian texts, the institution of eponyms and many personal names which occur in Assyria, are so characteristic that we must assume kinship of peoples. But whether they witness to a settlement in Cappadocia from Assyria, or vice versa, is not yet clear." Ancient Assyria, C. H. W. Johns (Cambridge, 1912), pp. 12-13.
328:1 Sumerian Ziku, apparently derived from Zi, the spiritual essence of life, the "self power" of the Universe.
328:2 Peri Archon, cxxv.
329:1 Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, p. 197 et seq.
330:1 Julius Cæsar, act iii, scene 1.
331:1 Isaiah, xiv, 4-14.
332:1 Eddubrott, ii.
332:2 Religion of the Ancient Egyptians, A. Wiedemann, pp. 289-90.
332:3 Ibid., p. 236. Atlas was also believed to be in the west.
332:4 Primitive Constellations, vol. ii, p. 184.
333:1 Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, xxx, 11.
333:2 Isaiah, xiii, 21. For "Satyrs" the Revised Version gives the alternative translation, "or he-goats".
335:1 Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria, p. 120, plate 18 and note.
336:1 Satapatha Brahmana, translated by Professor Eggeling, part iv, 1897, p. 371. (Sacred Books of the East.)
336:2 Egyptian Myth and Legend, pp. 165 et seq.
336:3 Classic Myth and Legend, p. 105. The birds were called "Stymphalides".
337:1 The so-called "shuttle" of Neith may be a thunderbolt. Scotland's archaic thunder deity is a goddess. The bow and arrows suggest a lightning goddess who was a deity of war because she was a deity of fertility.
338:1 Vedic Index, Macdonell & Keith, vol. ii, pp. 125-6, and vol. i, 168-9.
339:1 Ezekiel, xxxi, 3-8.
340:1 Ezekiel, xxvii, 23, 24.
340:2 Isaiah, xxxvii, 11.
340:3 Ibid., x, 5, 6.
341:1 A winged human figure, carrying in one hand a basket and in another a fir cone.
342:1 Layard's Nineveh (1856), p. 44.
342:2 Ibid., p. 309.
343:1 The fir cone was offered to Attis and Mithra. Its association with Ashur suggests that the great Assyrian deity resembled the gods of corn and trees and fertility.
343:2 Nineveh, p. 47.
343:3 Isaiah, xxxvii, 37-8.
343:4 The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia, pp. 129-30.
344:1 An eclipse of the sun in Assyria on June 15, 763 B.C., was followed by an outbreak of civil war.
344:2 Ezekiel, i, 4-14
345:1 Ezekiel, xxiii, 1-15.
345:2 As the soul of the Egyptian god was in the sun disk or sun egg.
345:3 Ezekiel, i, 15-28.
346:1 Ezekiel, x, 11-5.
346:2 Also called "Amrita".
347:1 The Mahàbhàrata (Adi Parva), Sections xxxiii-iv.
348:1 Another way of spelling the Turkish name which signifies "village of the pass". The deep "gh" guttural is not usually attempted by English speakers. A common rendering is "Bog-haz´ Kay-ee", a slight "oo" sound being given to the "a" in "Kay"; the "z" sound is hard and hissing.
348:2 The Land of the Hittites, J. Garstang, pp. 178 et seq.
348:3 Ibid., p. 173.
348:4 Adonis, Attis, Osiris, chaps. v and vi.
349:1 Daniel, iii, 1-26.
349:2 The story that Abraham hung an axe round the neck of Baal after destroying the other idols is of Jewish origin.
350:1 The Koran, George Sale, pp. 245-6.
350:2 Isaiah, xxx, 31-3. See also for Tophet customs 2 Kings, xxiii, 10; Jeremiah, vii, 31, 32 and xix, 5-12.
350:3 2 Kings, xvi, 18.
350:4 1 Samuel, xxxi, 12, 13 and 1 Chronicles, x, 11, 12.
353:1 The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia, pp. 201-2.
354:1 Babylonian and Assyrian Religion, pp. 57-8,
354:2 Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria, p.121.
354:3 Babylonian and Assyrian Religion, p. 86.
|
<urn:uuid:46d190a5-5b1f-4700-a4ab-31b0877d40e1>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://sacred-texts.com/ane/mba/mba20.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163044233/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131724-00061-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.97504 | 13,305 | 3.015625 | 3 |
by Elisa Black-Taylor
Romeo died 5 days after this photo
Today I want to talk about Panleuk (Feline Panleukopenia), Parvo (Parvovirus) and Tamiflu (Oseltamivir Phosphate).
There are few diseases in the animal world that strike heartbreak and terror into animal lovers as much as panleuk and parvo. Today's column will be off the beaten path as I will be addressing both cat and dog owners. The two diseases are so alike they are 98% identical, differing in only 2 amino acids. Their symptoms and treatment must be handled quickly or the rate of death exceeds 90%.
Since quite a few of us love both cats and dogs, I hope this article will prove educational without going over the head of those with average intelligence. Research articles tend to do that. And I hope the cat only people will forgive me.
Include me in that group of average intelligence. I've said "oh my aching head" at least a dozen times while doing the preliminary research for this article. I'll list lots of references as "homework" as there is way too much to get into in one article.
My primary research into panleuk and parvo is the use of Tamiflu (a neuraminidase inhibitor) to save the life of a pet stricken with this disease that can claim a life only hours after symptoms appear. However, a dog can't infect a cat and a cat can't infect a dog.
I've never used Tamiflu, which is commonly prescribed for influenza. Not only was it too expensive without insurance, but it only cut the duration of symptoms in humans by one and a half days and the side effects read too much like the flu to even bother with it.
To save a pet, I would do this. No question about it after researching this article.
One source I read on using Tamiflu for cats and dogs stated the drug should be started before symptoms appear. If an animal has been exposed, begin treatment with the drug immediately. Another article said not to start the drug unless an animal has tested positive using a feline or canine snap parvo test. Personally, if I knew a pet had been exposed, I'd start treatment immediately. Once the disease digs in the Tamiflu won't help.
I never realized until I began this research just how painful these illnesses are to an animal. When the GI (gastrointestinal) tract is being destroyed and your pet is vomiting and has diarrhea (sometimes bloody), add on lethargy and dehydration and electrolyte imbalances and then sepsis takes over and poisons the blood and kills quickly. Blood and protein leak into the intestines and cause anemia and loss of protein and endotoxins get into the bloodstream causing endotoxemia. There's really no way this could NOT be vaccines as a preventive. And should your pet appear ill, do not wait until morning to see if your pet feels better before making a vet visit. Your dog or cat could die before morning. I've learned this the hard way.
Parvo only appeared in the l970's and it was quickly discovered it was a mutation of the panleuk virus in cats. Puppies died when the virus infected the rapidly dividing cells of the heart. Vets began using the cat vaccine for panleuk but had limited success due to CPV maternal antibiodies. The disease was more stubborn to fight in dogs than in cats with the vaccine available at the time. We're fortunate that now dogs have their own parvo vaccine.
There are also two forms of the parvo, and although I haven't proven this theory in cats as I write this article. I believe this may also be correct in them also with the panleuk since there is the 98% identical markers in the disease..
This is why I stayed so confused when my kittens were sick and dying. There is the intestinal form which causes sepsis. There is also a cardiac form (of parvo) that affects the heart muscle and causes breathing difficulty and mimics the symptoms we see in adults with heart failure. Can cats get the cardiac form? Something tells me they can.
The cardiac form is more likely to be passed on from mother to babies. The mother can build a natural immunity and shake off the disease, sometimes without symptoms. That's what I believe my Marley did. You should have seen the black diarrhea mess the vet cut away from Marley's anal area. My vet was fairly certain she had been infected with panleuk and recovered. She was fortunate to survive this. Marley lived and all her her Whineybutt babies save one died. Midnight is slowly recovering and still grieving the loss of his brothers and sisters.
This is the link (Wiki article) that has gotten me so excited. So much information packed into one article. Since puppies can get the cardiac parvo, has anyone done any research into whether kittens can get the cardiac form also? This fits to a tee how my kittens died
The cardiac form is often the form that kills a family pet overnight with no symptoms. All you may notice is a little difficulty breathing and lethargy and by morning your pet is dead.
Can anyone out there back me up that this occurs in felines as well as canines since the similarity of the diseases is so close to 100%? The research is saying only young puppies usually get the cardiac form.
Now for more information on how the Tamiflu works to stop parvo and panleuk. These findings aren't from an actual scientific study; only from vets and shelters who began experimenting in their own practices to stop the growth of neuraminidase.
It isn't fully understood whether parvo and panleuk need neuraminidase to cause the bacteria to kill our pets. But Tamiflu can stop whatever it is in its tracks. Here's the link to a very complicated article I'd suggest you study as it explains how the disease functions. The truth might surprise you. There is hope if you act quickly. I would like to warn this information is very confusing. Here is a link from a vet who uses Tamiflu to treat feline distemper.
Tamiflu is not a substitute for conventional treatment. IV,'s, dehydration fluids such as Pedialyte and antibiotics are still needed. A vitamin B-12 shot may be needed to help with the anemia.
The main problem in the past was cost. Only rich people could afford to save their sick pets. When this research article was written back in 2008 they figured the cost at around $40 per dog.
Of course the weight difference in dogs and cats must be taken into consideration. I found this excellent article written by someone who pulled her kitten through panleuk and she kept a diary including dosage amounts, side effects, etc.
Tamiflu requires a prescription and doesn't have a long shelf life. To use it on a pet and it's purchased through a pharmacy, please use a compounding pharmacy. These aren't as difficult to find as you might think. Most medicine we use today began as a compounded drug. A veterinarian can also mix Tamiflu as an oral suspension and advise dosage instructions.
This is HUGE, readers. I don't have any idea how many shelters and vet practices know about this. None of my vets ever even mentioned Tamiflu as a treatment. If we must educate our vets to these new treatments, then we need to do that. We are an animals only voice when it's sick!
When the cost to treat an exposed cat or dog is less than the cost to euthanize, this could become standard practice at shelters. It would save thousands of lives each year. Not only those with the disease, but the stress caused to shelter workers who must euthanize cats who have done nothing wrong except be in the room with a sick cat.
In the private sector it would mean kittens and puppies could be treated low cost at home if good care by a family member was available. After a vet visit first since this is very complicated and your pets life depends on it.
Yes, I realize Tamiflu has it's down side like every other drug out there. But when you're looking at a survival rate at less than 10%, you may have to take the risk and use the drug.
Veterinarians, are any of you using Tamiflu in your practice to treat parvo and panluek. Do any of you (physicians or not) have any more links we might find helpful? And the question I'd REALLY love to know the answer to. How many vets out thee have never even heard of using Tamiflu?
My greatest fear of these diseases in dealing with vets who either don't know of the excellent results achieved by the drug or are too "old school" to try something new. Not even ONCE did I hear the word Tamiflu used as a treatment option. Things could have ended a lot differently if I had.
Anything I've missed? Comments and especially experience in working with Tamiflu would be most helpful.
|
<urn:uuid:5fd08425-62fd-422a-bb18-06f51379a1f1>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
http://pictures-of-cats.org/panleuk-parvo-and-tamiflu.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223204388.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032004-00618-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970325 | 1,886 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A specific characteristic of permafrost landscapes is the occurrence of patterned ground, such as polygons, circles, stripes, and thermokarst lakes. The formation of these patterns through periglacial processes is primarily determined by the climate as one factor, but soil characteristics and availability of water, time (duration of formation) and topography are others. The goals of this project are to (i) determine which processes in the surface structures and between the structures and the atmosphere are significant and (ii) investigate their relative importance on scales from centimetres to hundreds of kilometres. Three contrasting arctic permafrost sites are studied in detail: Siberia (Lena Delta), Spitsbergen (Ny-Ålesund) and Alaska (North Slope). These sites differ in their history (glaciation record), past and current climate, topography, surface and subsurface characteristics. Patterned ground is dominant at all three sites at varying scales from meters to kilometres: non sorted circles (Spitsbergen), polygons and thermokarst lakes (Siberia) and water tracks (Alaska). The hydrologic, thermal and solute dynamic processes are analysed using experimental data of these fluxes as well as one and two dimensional modelling. It is found that differences between the sites in radiative, atmospheric fluxes and ground heat fluxes are relatively small during the summer. The summer water budget, however, varies significantly between the sites and depends largely on the precipitation (snow/rain) input and timing. At all sites, patterned ground exerts a major influence on the heat and water budget. At the Spitsbergen site, small scale differences in surface and subsurface heat budget induce and maintain small scale differences such as greater thaw depths underneath the centre of a mud boil. On a larger unit, such as for polygonal ponds in Siberia, the heat release during fall freeze-back affects the surface temperature. At the watershed scale (Alaska, Siberia) the water storage and runoff depends on topography and patterned ground features, such as water tracks and polygonal ponds and lakes. Thus, predicting changes in surface energy and water budget requires landscapes models where key processes, mainly thawing and routing of water, are accurately predicted.
AWI Organizations > Geosciences > Junior Research Group: Permafrost
|
<urn:uuid:bfdc774a-51da-4310-8156-61e25300a65d>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
http://epic.awi.de/26137/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609530895.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005210-00537-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.929569 | 484 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Microsoft SQL Server includes a few date and time data types that can be used in SQL tables. The choice of which data type to use depends on the data developers need to store and retrieve from those columns.
Before the release of SQL Server 2008, datetime and smalldatetime were the only data types available in SQL Server to store date and time data. When converting tables from the native DataFlex database to Microsoft SQL Server, DataFlex date fields were automatically converted to use datetime columns as it would encompass a larger date range.
With the release of SQL Server 2008, four new data types were introduced: time, date, datetime2 and datetimeoffset. Those types are fully supported in MS SQL Connectivity Kit version 6 and they made it possible for the Connectivity Kit to convert DataFlex date fields to SQL Server date columns and DataFlex datetime fields to datetime2 columns.
In order to offer the flexibility of working with various versions of SQL Server and keeping applications backwards compatible, a mapping configuration setting was created.
That setting DEFAULT_MAP_DF_TO_SQL_TYPE_SCHEMA gives developers the ability to control which SQL Server data type schema to use when converting DataFlex native tables to Microsoft SQL Server. This setting has no effect on existing columns; once a column of a certain data type is created, its type will remain the same even during a restructure, no matter what the mapping is set to.
The possible values for this setting are MAP_DF_TO_SQL_TYPE_SQL2000 (default), MAP_DF_TO_SQL_TYPE_SQL2005, MAP_DF_TO_SQL_TYPE_SQL2008, MAP_DF_TO_SQL_TYPE_SQL2012 and are defined as follows:
So when converting tables from native DataFlex to Microsoft SQL Server using current default settings, DataFlex date columns still get converted to SQL datetime columns in the backend database. To change that behavior, you may choose to adjust DEFAULT_MAP_DF_TO_SQL_TYPE_SCHEMA to the schema of the SQL Server version you will be using as your backend or adjust the individual settings for MAP_DFDATE_TO_SQLTYPE and MAP_DFDATETIME_TO_SQLTYPE to the types compatible with your backend version.
Now, if you would like to change the data type of already existing columns, you may use DF_FIELD_NATIVE_TYPE to programmatically modify those columns data type in the backend.
If you are connecting to SQL Server tables that have datetime columns, those columns will be automatically mapped to datetime in DataFlex as well. In order to have those datetime columns interpreted as date in DataFlex (and hide the extra information stored in datetime columns), you may use the Studio Table Editor to change the column type to Date, or use DF_FIELD_TYPE to programmatically change the column to DF_Date, or simply remove FIELD_TYPE DATETIME from the table INT file. Those should all deliver the result you are looking for.
DataFlex date fields may be stored and interpreted as either date or the various forms of datetime in SQL Server. It will be up to you, the developer, to decide the best way to display and handle those columns. DataFlex gives you the flexibility; you make the decision.
|
<urn:uuid:aa87ed6e-ea69-46b8-be7c-b4bb1abdcda3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://www.dataaccess.com/blog/systems-environments/dataflex-date-in-the-microsoft-sql-server-world-1235
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886107487.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821022354-20170821042354-00714.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.824192 | 703 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A colonoscopy is a medical exam that enables doctors to get a detailed view of an individual’s colon (large intestines). This procedure is commonly used by a gastroenterologist to assess the patient’s gastrointestinal health, usually due to symptoms like abdominal pain, GI bleeding, or any changes in bowel movement. A doctor may also recommend a colonoscopy test to a person with no visible symptoms, to verify any sign of colorectal polyps or cancer.
In general, a colonoscopy screening is recommended for people aged 50 and above. It is also recommended to those with family history of the colorectal polyps.
What to Expect?
The gastroenterologist will use a colonoscope (a flexible, long instrument with a plastic coated tube and a small camera attached to send images to the doctor’s viewing screen) to observe the lining of your colon.
The device is directly inserted into the patient’s rectum and progressed through their large intestine. If necessary, a small amount of the rectal tissue may be removed during the test to get a detailed biopsy report.
In most cases, a colonoscopy gives an accurate diagnosis, leading to early detection of colorectal problems, and usually successful treatment without the necessity of major operations.
Before the colonoscopy procedure, a sedative will be given to the patient. Subsequently, the colonoscope will be inserted into the patient’s colon to carefully examine the lining of his/her bowel. After examination, the tube will be gently removed. The entire procedure is performed in the operation theatre and takes approximately 30 minutes. The heart rhythm and oxygen levels of the patient are continuously monitored throughout the procedure.
Some of the complications associated with this procedure are:
- Rectal Bleeding (if a doctor performs biopsy)
- Allergic reaction (due to sedative)
- Tearing/Perforation of the patient’s bowel wall
|
<urn:uuid:694f13be-f4a8-445e-9612-bdc23cad1f5c>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
http://healthytimes.com.sg/colonoscopy/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347392057.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20200527013445-20200527043445-00041.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913079 | 405 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Bullying in schools as a mom is arrested: SC laws are joined by school district policies
Some of the most common questions parents ask Julie Hertzog about bullying are "What are my rights?" and "Who do I talk to about this?" That's important to know, she said.
Hertzog serves as the director for the National Bullying Prevention Center, which is part of the PACER Center, a group promoting opportunity for those with disabilities.
"Until you are faced with a situation, you don't know if there is a policy or law on bullying," Hertzog said.
In May, a Greenville mom was arrested for entering her child's school and yelling at a group of third-grade students about bullying after she felt she was not getting help for her son, an alleged victim. Jamie Rathburn apologized for her actions but told The Greenville News she remained frustrated by not being able to stop the bullying during the year.
Rathburn's case struck a cord with many parents, who responded to her story and said they have felt similarly helpless and uncertain in helping their kids. The Greenville News reached out to bullying prevention organizations to see what parents should know before they are faced with bullying.
While teachers and administrators are usually the first line of defense when it comes to addressing bullying in schools, there are standards across South Carolina for what constitutes bullying and what school districts are expected to do about it.
Here's how bullying is defined in South Carolina schools
In 2006, the Safe School Climate Act became law in South Carolina. The push for the law began in 1999 following the school shooting in Columbine, Colorado, according to an article from the Dec. 4, 2006, issue of The Greenville News.
The law collectively defines harassment, intimidation or bullying as follows:
A gesture, an electronic communication, or a written, verbal, physical, or sexual act that is reasonably perceived to have the effect of: (a) harming a student physically or emotionally or damaging a student’s property, or placing a student in reasonable fear of personal harm or property damage; or (b) insulting or demeaning a student or group of students causing substantial disruption in, or substantial interference with, the orderly operation of the school.
As part of the law, school districts were required to adopt policies defining and prohibiting bullying.
Clipping from The Greenville News - Newspapers.com
The personal-finance website WalletHub ranked South Carolina 14th-worst in the nation for biggest problems with bullying in 2018.
"Schools and states actually take a financial hit from bullying," WalletHub analyst Jill Gonzalez said in an email to The Greenville News. "This is because low attendance and disciplinary actions can cause them to lose funding, as well as increase their expenses."
WalletHub also gave each state a score for anti-bullying laws, weighing whether the laws included certain language like "cyberbullying" and encompassed prevention measures. South Carolina came out in the middle of the pack, ranking 21st among states with the weakest anti-bullying laws.
The state Department of Education has a model policy that districts can adopt to meet the state law's requirements. While most of the district policies look similar, there are nuanced differences in the language between them.
For example, the School District of Oconee County defines bullying as “when a person or persons repeatedly and on purpose says or does something to another person. A pattern of behavior by the bully exists, so that it becomes an imbalance of social or physical power, which distinguishes bullying from conflict.”
Anderson School District 5 adds acts motivated by "race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression or a mental, physical, or sensory disability" to its list of what entails bullying, intimidation and harassment.
While every state in the country has some anti-bullying legislation, "many schools don't enforce it," said Ross Ellis, the founder and chief executive officer of STOMP Out Bullying, which offers a live, online help chat for kids over age 13 who may be experiencing bullying.
Ellis said that reading the transcripts of some of these chats and hearing stories form parents can be shocking.
"They are so much meaner than when we were kids," she said of bullies today.
Ellis understands parents' frustration with bullying but suggests going about things as "diplomatically" as possible. She said parents who are concerned with bullying should schedule time to talk to a principal and then go in with documentation and approach the situation with questions — like "How can you help me?" — instead of demands.
"No one should be bullied for any reason in any way," Ellis said, but she suggests parents think critically about what situations need to be elevated to a principal.
If bullying involves name calling and no threat or physical contact, she said parents should think about empowering their kids to respond themselves. Her organization has a list of "comeback" lines to help kids navigate verbal comments from peers.
When a situation cannot be resolved at the district level, concerns can be brought to the ombudsman with the state Department of Education.
Matt Orr, the public information officer with the department, said the ombudsman acts as a "neutral third party in the matter." They investigate what is going on and try to work with parents and the school district to find a resolution.
School district policies on bullying
While Ellis and Hertzog suggest starting with your child's school principal for bullying concerns, every district has a policy in place for elevating issues. Here are links to local district policies:
- Greenville County Schools
- School District of Pickens County
- School District of Oconee County
- Anderson School District 1
- Anderson School District 2
- Anderson School District 3
- Anderson School District 4
- Anderson School District 5
More:A mom stormed into school to confront child's classmates over bullying. She was arrested
More:How to stop bullying: Follow these steps if you suspect your child is suffering in school
|
<urn:uuid:c43a0d88-0ee1-4110-b103-3f38014862f7>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/education/2019/06/12/bullying-schools-sc-laws-joined-school-district-policies/1422068001/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648209.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601211701-20230602001701-00562.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969294 | 1,250 | 3.28125 | 3 |
There’s a non-native plant in New York that could harm the Monarch Butterfly population.
It’s the Swallow-wort, which was originally introduced in the 1800s.
It’s considered invasive, and nothing currently to control its spread. It’s doing major harm to Monarch Butterflies right now.
“The problem with the black and pale Swallow-wort is that it has many, many seeds in it’s pods. And the other problem is, it’s in the milkweed family, so it does trick monarchs basically, into laying eggs on this plant and the caterpillars will die because it’s toxic for them,” said David O’Donnell of Eastern Monarch Butterfly Farm.
The Swallow-wort is located around the region.
FingerLakes1.com is the region’s leading all-digital news publication. The company was founded in 1998 and has been keeping residents informed for more than two decades. Have a lead? Send it to [email protected]
|
<urn:uuid:45a19643-1111-4b02-a1d1-902832b252b7>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.fingerlakes1.com/2022/08/18/invasive-swallow-wort-spotted-in-the-finger-lakes-will-hurt-monarch-butterfly-population/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224655027.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230608135911-20230608165911-00239.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955883 | 224 | 2.578125 | 3 |
In its attempt to reduce logistics cost, the government has decided to allow introduction of ‘road trains’ on select routes and between identified points.The transport ministry’s draft rule for road trains comes at a time when the Centre is putting more focus on building 2,500 km of greenfield expressways like the Delhi-Mumbai corridor. The draft specifies the length, height and width of the roads. Even state governments are constructing more such roads. The NHAI has also been tasked to take up building economic corridors on priority, which would connect major manufacturing hubs.
This move will encourage multi-container transport on the road, simultaneously reducing logistics cost. This mode of transporting freight is popular in countries including Australia, United States and in Europe to move huge quantity of cargo. Road trains consist of a conventional prime mover – truck – pulling two or more trailers. One road train in India can replace at least three trucks and is expected to prove beneficial for movement of freight.
|
<urn:uuid:a6675934-3ca5-420f-becd-b1106be1c973>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
http://cargobreakingnews.com/government-to-propose-road-trains-to-cut-logistics-cost/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250607596.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122221541-20200123010541-00416.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95506 | 199 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.