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History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey."
}
] |
YSLZ6InvwXu4ImxyAOSQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "Interest in the march and protest rapidly dwindled."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the first significant popular protest march on Washington, and the expression \"Enough food to feed Coxey's Army\" originates from this march."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey."
},
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "Although it was ultimately unsuccessful, the march is notable as the first protest march on Washington, D.C.Some of the most militant Coxeyites were those who formed their own \"armies\" in Pacific Northwest centers such as Butte, Tacoma, Spokane, and Portland."
},
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "Many of these protesters were unemployed railroad workers who blamed railroad companies, President Cleveland's monetary policies, and excessive freight rates for their plight."
},
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "While the protesters never made it to the capital, the military intervention they provoked proved to be a rehearsal for the federal force that broke the Pullman Strike later that year."
},
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "The purpose of the march, termed a \"petition in boots\", was to protest the unemployment caused by the Panic of 1893 and to lobby for the government to create jobs which would involve building roads and other public works improvements, with workers paid in paper currency which would expand the currency in circulation, consistent with populist ideology."
},
{
"section_header": "Coxey's Army in culture",
"text": "The phrase Coxey's Army has also come to refer to a ragtag band, possibly due to an incident during the second march in 1914.Coxey's Army also plays a prominent role in Garet Garrett's The Driver, in which the main character is a journalist following the march."
},
{
"section_header": "First march",
"text": "Another group, Fry's Army, began marching in Los Angeles, but largely dissipated east of St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Coxey's Army in culture",
"text": "There are political interpretations of his book, the Wonderful Wizard of Oz, which have often been related to Coxey's Army."
}
] |
Corey's Army was a protest march.
| 0 | 0 |
Coxey's Army
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His popularity amongst the working-class earned him the sobriquet \"The People's William\"."
}
] |
YTD1WcHIoh630AHhUTWh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First premiership (1868–1874)",
"text": "As well as court reorganisation"
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1858)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1868)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1870)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1890)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Gladstone, William Ewart (1890)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Ewart William Ewart Gladstone (; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician."
},
{
"section_header": "First premiership (1868–1874)",
"text": "I said nothing, but waited while the well-directed blows resounded in regular cadence."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "William Ewart Gladstone, Baron Arthur Hamilton-Gordon Stanmore (1961)."
},
{
"section_header": "Fourth premiership (1892–1894)",
"text": "Gladstone also opposed Chancellor Sir William Harcourt's proposal to implement a graduated death duty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His popularity amongst the working-class earned him the sobriquet \"The People's William\"."
}
] |
William Gladstone was well liked by the working-class.
| 0 | 0 |
William Ewart Gladstone
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 211 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous."
}
] |
YTMZKsFoAOrMmvThzQKP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Including its Atlantic islands, Brazil lies between latitudes 6°N and 34°S, and longitudes 28° and 74°W.Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world, and third largest in the Americas, with a total area of 8,515,767.049 km2 (3,287,956 sq mi), including 55,455 km2 (21,411 sq mi) of water."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 211 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Brazil is the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn running through it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to its rich culture and history, the country ranks thirteenth in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is classified as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country, with the largest share of global wealth in Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Furthermore, the country hosted the FIBA Basketball World Cups in 1954 and 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The Brazil men's national volleyball team, for example, currently holds the titles of the World League, World Grand Champions Cup, World Championship and the World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary era",
"text": "The new regime was intended to be transitory but gradually closed in on itself and became a full dictatorship with the promulgation of the Fifth Institutional Act in 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Health",
"text": "The Brazilian health system was ranked 125th among the 191 countries evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Brazil has become the fourth largest car market in the world."
}
] |
Brazil is the worlds fifth smallest country.
| 0 | 0 |
Brazil
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in or around 1905."
}
] |
YTVPy6MoJQZdEyrCQKDM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Investors and some in the media worried that Fiddler on the Roof might be considered \"too Jewish\" to attract mainstream audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Other notable US productions",
"text": "Topol in 'Fiddler on the Roof': The Farewell Tour opened on January 20, 2009, in Wilmington, Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "One, Fyedka, protects her, dismissing the others."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "with an all-black cast dressed in Fiddler on the Roof costumes singing \"It's Hard to Be Jewish in Russia, Yo\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society published a musical theatre and album parody of Fiddler on the Roof called A Shoggoth on the Roof, which incorporates the works of H. P. Lovecraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "As Tevye, Golde and their two youngest daughters leave the village for America, the fiddler begins to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "In the Family Guy episode \"When You Wish Upon a Weinstein\" (2003), William Shatner is depicted as playing Tevye in a scene from Fiddler."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Covers",
"text": "For example, in 1964, jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley recorded the album Fiddler on the Roof, which featured jazz arrangements of eight songs from the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Aleichem wrote a dramatic adaptation of the stories that he left unfinished at his death, but which was produced in Yiddish in 1919 by the Yiddish Art Theater and made into a film in the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in or around 1905."
}
] |
Fiddler on the Roof is a dramatic play.
| 1 | 1 |
Fiddler on the Roof
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, and the second-brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Kinematics",
"text": "Although Vega is at present only the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, the star is slowly brightening as proper motion causes it to approach the Sun."
}
] |
YTaSpm4tklitWYxeIpX3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Possible planets",
"text": "From the perspective of an observer on a hypothetical planet around Vega, the Sun would appear as a faint 4.3 magnitude star in the Columba constellation."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Kinematics",
"text": "Movement away from the Earth will cause the light from Vega to shift to a lower frequency (toward the red), or to a higher frequency (toward the blue) if the motion is toward the Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "Vega is the brightest of the successive northern pole stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, and the second-brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Kinematics",
"text": "The minus sign indicates a relative motion toward the Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Kinematics",
"text": "Although Vega is at present only the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, the star is slowly brightening as proper motion causes it to approach the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Possible planets",
"text": "Thus there could be smaller, terrestrial planets orbiting closer to the star."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "To the ancient Greeks, the constellation Lyra was formed from the harp of Orpheus, with Vega as its handle."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "He suggests that the \"slipping of Abhijit\" and ascension of Krittika refers to the gradual drop of Vega as a pole star before 13,000 BC.Medieval astrologers counted Vega as one of the Behenian stars and related it to chrysolite and winter savory."
}
] |
Vega is the brightest star in the constellation and is gradually diminishing as it moves toward the largest planet.
| 0 | 0 |
Vega
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "According to his father's theory, his name, being a conflation of \"Trismegistus\" (after the esoteric mystic Hermes Trismegistus) and \"Tristan\" (whose connotation bore the influence through folk etymology of Latin tristis, \"sorrowful\"), doomed him to a life of woe and cursed him with the inability to comprehend the causes of his misfortune."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "Finally, as a toddler, Tristram suffered an accidental circumcision when Susannah let a window sash fall as he urinated out of the window because his chamberpot was missing."
}
] |
YTy0MLLnu4YNN4IGZbQv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "A short story Oh Most Cursed Addition Engine by H. S. Donnelly was published in the Canadian Science Fiction magazine On Spec #86."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "Well known in philosophy and mathematics, the so-called paradox of Tristram Shandy was introduced by Bertrand Russell in his book The Principles of Mathematics to evidentiate the inner contradictions that arise from the assumption that infinite sets can have the same cardinality—as would be the case with a gentleman who spends one year to write the story of one day of his life, if he were able to write for an infinite length of time."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "At the very moment of procreation, his mother asked his father if he had remembered to wind the clock."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "As its title suggests, the book is ostensibly Tristram's narration of his life story."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "Secondly, one of his father's pet theories was that a large and attractive nose was important to a man making his way in life."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence",
"text": "\" Schopenhauer privately rebutted Samuel Johnson, saying: \"The man Sterne is worth 1,000 Pedants and commonplace-fellows like Dr. J.\" The young Karl Marx was a devotee of Tristram Shandy, and wrote a still-unpublished short humorous novel, Scorpion and Felix, that was obviously influenced by Sterne's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "Though Tristram is always present as narrator and commentator, the book contains little of his life, only the story of a trip through France and accounts of the four comical mishaps which shaped the course of his life from an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "Most of the action is concerned with domestic upsets or misunderstandings, which find humour in the opposing temperaments of Walter—splenetic, rational, and somewhat sarcastic—and Uncle Toby, who is gentle, uncomplicated, and a lover of his fellow man."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "The home was named after the house described in Tristram Shandy."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "In Surprised by Joy, C. S. Lewis refers to Tristram Shandy in the context of trying to describe his interactions with his own father: My father—but these words, at the head of a paragraph, will carry the reader's mind inevitably to Tristram Shandy."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "According to his father's theory, his name, being a conflation of \"Trismegistus\" (after the esoteric mystic Hermes Trismegistus) and \"Tristan\" (whose connotation bore the influence through folk etymology of Latin tristis, \"sorrowful\"), doomed him to a life of woe and cursed him with the inability to comprehend the causes of his misfortune."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and style",
"text": "Finally, as a toddler, Tristram suffered an accidental circumcision when Susannah let a window sash fall as he urinated out of the window because his chamberpot was missing."
}
] |
Tristram Shandy is a story about a very lucky man.
| 0 | 0 |
Tristram Shandy
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderms are also the largest phylum that has no freshwater or terrestrial (land-based) representatives."
}
] |
YTyFsnwmzGMTlxB7oVIT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology",
"text": "Echinoderms evolved from animals with bilateral symmetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from the hard-to-classify Arkarua (a Precambrian animal with echinoderm-like pentamerous radial symmetry), the first definitive members of the phylum appeared near the start of the Cambrian."
},
{
"section_header": "Larval development",
"text": "At this stage the bilateral symmetry is lost and radial symmetry develops."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology",
"text": "Echinoderms exhibit secondary radial symmetry in portions of their body at some stage of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "The larvae of all echinoderms are even now bilaterally symmetrical and all develop radial symmetry at metamorphosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderms are also the largest phylum that has no freshwater or terrestrial (land-based) representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "but this is lost during metamorphosis when their bodies are reorganised and develop the characteristic radial symmetry of the echinoderm, typically pentamerism."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "All echinoderms are marine and nearly all are benthic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, derma – \"skin\") of marine animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "The larvae of echinoderms have bilateral symmetry"
}
] |
Echinoderms, marine animals with radial symmetry, have only one freshwater species.
| 0 | 0 |
Echinoderm
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "A majority of the film was shot at Village Roadshow Studios in Gold Coast, Queensland, with additional production in Newfoundland, Sicily and Morocco."
}
] |
YV6z3oBWPH5c5mehYvmF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Principal photography began in Australia in May 2017, taking place at Village Roadshow Studios on the Gold Coast, Queensland, with additional production teams in Canada, Italy and Morocco."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "A majority of the film was shot at Village Roadshow Studios in Gold Coast, Queensland, with additional production in Newfoundland, Sicily and Morocco."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | United States and Canada",
"text": "In the United States and Canada, Aquaman was released alongside Bumblebee, Second Act, and Welcome to Marwen and was projected to gross $65–70 million in its opening weekend and $120 million over its first five days (with some tracking figures going as high as $150 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Pre-production began in Australia in late November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began in Australia on May 2, 2017, under the working title Ahab."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Aquaman grossed $335.1 million in the United States and Canada and $812.6 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $1.148 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming on location took place in Morocco by mid-October, which included the cities of Merzouga and Erfoud."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "Scanline VFX delivered 450 shots."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "They also built an extensive library of shot FX elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "Digital Domain delivered 19-20 shots."
}
] |
Aquaman was shot in Australia and also in Canada, Italy and Morocco.
| 1 | 4 |
Aquaman (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri premiered in competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2017."
}
] |
YVzVSPdweFnLM1L3P49W
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing,"
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Outside Bristol city centre in England on February 3, 2018, a mural was erected depicting three billboards reading 'Our NHS is dying', 'And still no more funding', and 'How come, Mrs May'."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "This incident, combined with his desire to create strong female characters, inspired him to write the story for Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri premiered in competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri grossed $54.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $104.7 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $159.2 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 black comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a Missouri woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "On February 15, 2018, Justice4Grenfell, an advocacy group created in response to the Grenfell Tower fire, hired three vans with electronic screens in a protest against perceived inaction in response to the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "\"On March 24, 2018, signs inspired by Three Billboards appeared at March for Our Lives gun safety rallies across the US and around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "On February 22, 2018, the Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations, protesting the inaction of the UN's role within the Syrian Civil War, set up three billboards outside the United Nations building in New York that read '500,000 Dead in Syria', 'And still no action?', and 'How come, Security Council'."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It was nominated for four awards at the 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards, winning three, including Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture."
}
] |
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri's first screening was in 2018 at Sundance in Park City, Utah.
| 1 | 1 |
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jew of Malta (full title: The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta) is a play by Christopher Marlowe, written in 1589 or 1590."
}
] |
YWPysWRbsYbFIbjEN4VK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism",
"text": "For instance, some argue that the English ban on Jews created portrayals different from those in other areas of the world, where Jews were not banished."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta",
"text": "A Marxist critique of The Jew of Malta suggests that Marlowe intended to utilize readily available antisemitic feelings in his audience in a way that made the Jews \"incidental\" to the social critique he offered."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta",
"text": "The Jew of Malta, given the time of its publication, its main character, and the significance of religion throughout the text, is often referenced in discussions about antisemitism."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta",
"text": "Some of the conversation around antisemitism in The Jew of Malta focuses on authorial intent, the question of whether or not Marlowe intended to promote antisemitism in his work, while other critics focus on how the work is perceived, either by its audience at the time or by modern audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jew of Malta (full title: The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta) is a play by Christopher Marlowe, written in 1589 or 1590."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism",
"text": "These tropes could also have contributed to the popularity of plays such as Marlowe's The Jew of Malta."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism",
"text": "Jews had been officially banished from England in 1290 with the Edict of Expulsion, nearly 300 years before Marlowe's writing of The Jew of Malta."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and reception",
"text": "The Jew of Malta was an immediate success from its first recorded performance at the Rose Theatre in early 1592, when Edward Alleyn played the lead role."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | The Merchant of Venice",
"text": "James Shapiro notes that both The Merchant of Venice and The Jew of Malta are works obsessed with the economics of their day, stemming from anxiety around new business practices in the theater, including the bonding of actors to companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | The Merchant of Venice",
"text": "While critics debate whether or not The Jew of Malta was a direct influence, or merely a product of the contemporaneous society that they both were written in, it is noteworthy that Marlowe and Shakespeare were the only two British playwrights of their time to include a Jewish principal character in one of their plays."
}
] |
The Jew of Malta is a movie created in the 1950's.
| 0 | 1 |
The Jew of Malta
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because Paris was under siege for four months, the Third Republic moved its capital to Tours."
}
] |
YX3eQoNSpk5yMssR5jvw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Paris Commune (French: Commune de Paris, pronounced [kɔmyn də paʁi]) was a radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because Paris was under siege for four months, the Third Republic moved its capital to Tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicals and revolutionaries",
"text": "Of the radical and revolutionary groups in Paris at the time of the Commune, the most conservative were the \"radical republicans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicals and revolutionaries",
"text": "Paris was the traditional home of French radical movements."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other communes of 1871",
"text": "On 22 March, when the news of the seizure of power by the Paris Commune reached Lyon, socialist and revolutionary members of the National Guard met and heard a speech by a representative of the Paris Commune."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other communes of 1871",
"text": "Soon after the Paris Commune took power in Paris, revolutionary and socialist groups in several other French cities tried to establish their own communes."
},
{
"section_header": "Establishment | National Guard takes power",
"text": "Late on 18 March, when they learned that the regular army was leaving Paris, units of the National Guard moved quickly to take control of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicals and revolutionaries",
"text": "The most extreme revolutionaries in Paris were the followers of Louis Auguste Blanqui, a charismatic professional revolutionary who had spent most of his adult life in prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Establishment | Dispute over cannons of Paris",
"text": "Thiers also decided to move the National Assembly and government from Bordeaux to Versailles, rather than to Paris, to be farther away from the pressure of demonstrations, which further enraged the National Guard and the radical political clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other communes of 1871",
"text": "Parades of radicals and socialists went into the street, chanting \"Long live Paris!"
}
] |
Paris Commune was a radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1872 when Paris was attacked for three months, the Third Republic moved its capitol to Tours.
| 0 | 0 |
Paris Commune
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It, along with Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, is one of the most famous romance novels of all time."
}
] |
YXLzracqqUzOBT81Wgsk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Lowood Institution",
"text": "Conditions at the school then improve dramatically."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Eyre (originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë, published under the pen name \"Currer Bell\", on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jane Eyre is divided into 38 chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It, along with Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, is one of the most famous romance novels of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Thornfield Hall",
"text": "Mrs. Reed admits to telling Mr. Eyre that Jane had died of fever at Lowood."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Moor House",
"text": "When Jane questions him further, St. John reveals that John Eyre is also his and his sisters' uncle."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Chapter 1",
"text": "Jane Eyre: The novel's narrator and protagonist, she eventually becomes the second wife of Edward Rochester."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence",
"text": "The novel has also been the subject of a number of significant rewritings and related interpretations, notably Jean Rhys's seminal 1966 novel Wide Sargasso Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The novel is a first-person narrative from the perspective of the title character."
},
{
"section_header": "Context",
"text": "Charlotte Brontë began composing Jane Eyre in Manchester, and she likely envisioned Manchester Cathedral churchyard as the burial place for Jane's parents and the birthplace of Jane herself."
}
] |
The novel Jane Eyre is a dramatic thriller.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Eyre
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "At age 18, with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career."
}
] |
YXevNvK8eOS1Xb0m8JpW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "At age 18, with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "After working as a busboy in New York, he went to Los Angeles to try out for television roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "Their publicists said the couple had \"officialized\" their marriage in Los Angeles the day before the Italian ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "That same year he appeared in All the Right Moves and Risky Business, which has been described as \"A Generation X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise\", and which, along with 1986's Top Gun, cemented his status as a superstar."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "That suit was dismissed by a Central Civil West court judge in Los Angeles on the grounds that the statute of limitations had expired on Sapir's claim."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "Cruise requested a default judgment and, in January 2003, a Los Angeles judge decided against Slater after the porn actor said that his story was false."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "In October 2012, Cruise filed a lawsuit against In Touch and Life & Style magazines for defamation after they claimed Cruise had \"abandoned\" his six-year-old daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "Like its predecessor, it was the highest-grossing film of the year, and had a mixed critical reception."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "The following year Cruise starred in the romantic thriller Vanilla Sky (2001) with Cameron Diaz and Penélope Cruz."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "He first appeared in a bit part in the 1981 film Endless Love, followed by a major supporting role as a crazed military academy student in Taps later that year."
}
] |
When he was 18 years old, he moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career.
| 0 | 4 |
Tom Cruise
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Bottomley played in Major League Baseball from 1922 through 1937 for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, and St. Louis Browns."
}
] |
YYNX6KRZBRn6L2bBTFcT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was playing semi-professional baseball, the Cardinals scouted and signed Bottomley."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bottomley was nicknamed \"Sunny Jim\" because of his cheerful disposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His younger brother, Ralph, died in a mining accident in 1920.Bottomley also played semi-professional baseball for several local teams to make additional money, earning $5 a game ($85 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "During his time in the minor leagues, the media began to call Bottomley \"Sunny Jim\", due to his pleasant disposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "That offseason, other teams began to attempt to trade for either Bottomley or Collins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After finishing his playing career with the Browns, Bottomley joined the Chicago Cubs organization as a scout and minor league baseball manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Bottomley played in Major League Baseball from 1922 through 1937 for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, and St. Louis Browns."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Bottomley began his professional career in minor league baseball in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley also indicated that he did not want to continue playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley led the Browns to 21 more victories, as the team finished the season in eighth place, with a 46–108 record."
}
] |
Jim Bottomley played for four professional baseball teams.
| 2 | 6 |
Jim Bottomley
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has received two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and the Cecil B. DeMille Award."
}
] |
YYS86LrwWjRTtoC9OFJd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Focus on directing",
"text": "In January 2013, Foster received the honorary Cecil B. DeMille Award at the 70th Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2013, she addressed her coming out in a speech after receiving the Cecil B. DeMille Award at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, which led many news outlets to describe her as gay, although some sources noted that she did not use the words \"gay\" or \"lesbian\" in her speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990–1999: Box office success, debut as director and Egg Pictures",
"text": "The following year, Foster received two honorary awards: the Crystal Award, awarded annually for women in the entertainment industry, and the Berlinale Camera at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1989: Transition to adult roles",
"text": "However, The Accused received positive reviews, with Foster's performance receiving widespread acclaim and earning her Academy, Golden Globe and National Board of Review awards, as well as a nomination for a BAFTA Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has received two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and the Cecil B. DeMille Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990–1999: Box office success, debut as director and Egg Pictures",
"text": "Foster received largely positive reviews and won Academy, Golden Globe, and BAFTA awards for her portrayal of Starling; Silence won five Academy Awards overall, becoming one of the few films to win in all main categories."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990–1999: Box office success, debut as director and Egg Pictures",
"text": "Although the film received mixed reviews, Foster's performance was widely acclaimed; she won a Screen Actors Guild Award and was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Focus on directing",
"text": "The following year, Foster received the Laura Ziskin Lifetime Achievement Award at the Athena Film Festival, and directed her next film, Money Monster, which stars George Clooney and Julia Roberts, and was released in May 2016.As the decade drew to a close, Foster continued to mix acting with directing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990–1999: Box office success, debut as director and Egg Pictures",
"text": "Due to the special effects, many of the scenes were filmed with a bluescreen; this was Foster's first experience with the technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1976–1980: Taxi Driver and teenage stardom",
"text": "The British musical parodied films about Prohibition Era gangsters by having all roles played by children; Foster appeared in a major supporting role as a star of a speakeasy show."
}
] |
Foster has received many major awards throughout her career.
| 0 | 0 |
Jodie Foster
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was a professional baseball player in Puerto Rico, where he was known as \"Perucho\" and \"The Bull\", and was widely considered one of the best players of his generation."
}
] |
YYbpUyIyjI7hfccaMX80
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Humanitarian and additional recognitions",
"text": "The Giants retired Orlando Cepeda's number 30."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Minor League Baseball",
"text": "Orlando paid the burial expenses and returned to Salem."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Orlando was thus known as \"The Baby Bull."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Late career",
"text": "Robinson did not assign treatment for Cepeda's leg, eventually deciding to trade him."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Divorce, second marriage, conviction and conversion",
"text": "leading to Cepeda's assignment to a \"halfway house\" in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | St Louis Cardinals (1966–1968)",
"text": "Cepeda's offense remained stable, finishing June as the league's leader in doubles."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Divorce, second marriage, conviction and conversion",
"text": "Cepeda also has two other sons, Orlando Cepeda Jr. and Carl Cepeda."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Minor League Baseball",
"text": "In 1955, Zorilla persuaded Cepeda's family to purchase an airplane ticket so that he could participate in a New York Giants tryout."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | San Francisco Giants (1958–1966)",
"text": "In the off-season Cepeda also bought a house in Diamond Heights while his wife was pregnant with their son, Orlando Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "One day, an amateur baseball player saw him play and recruited him to play with his team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was a professional baseball player in Puerto Rico, where he was known as \"Perucho\" and \"The Bull\", and was widely considered one of the best players of his generation."
}
] |
Orlando Cepeda's dad played baseball, too.
| 0 | 0 |
Orlando Cepeda
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Polly, a wealthy Manhattan dress designer and a boutique owner respectively, who lived on Park Avenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Moroney eventually married John Lane and the couple had a daughter, Patricia, Palmer’s biological half-sister, who died of leukemia at age 40 in 1987. (As of May 2018, the Palmers were still searching for Patricia Lane's daughter, whose married name is Kimberly Hughes and who would be Jim Palmer's half-niece.) Geheran died in 1959 and Moroney in 1979.Two days after his birth, Palmer was adopted by Moe Wiesen and his wife"
}
] |
YYjub8BRuarU2Ma7xPvz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James Alvin Palmer was born in Manhattan, New York City on October 15, 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Alvin Palmer (born October 15, 1945) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1967, 1969–1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His sister Bonnie was also adopted by the Wiesens."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | Comeback attempt",
"text": "Covering Palmer's spring training workouts, Richard Hoffer of Sports Illustrated said that Palmer's comeback was not entirely about money."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joe was a married 41-year-old man about town, while Mary Ann was an unmarried 37-year-old domestic worker for the Feinstein family which was prominent in the garment industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "During those eight 20-win seasons, he pitched between 274⅓ and 319 innings per year, leading the league in innings pitched four times."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "Surgery was considered, but Palmer's pain lessened and he was able to return to play in August."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "He threw just 49 innings in 1967 and was sent to minor-league rehabilitation."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "He finished 7–12.Palmer was at his peak again in 1975, winning 23 games, throwing 10 shutouts (allowing just 44 hits in those games), and fashioning a 2.09 ERA—all tops in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1980s",
"text": "The 17 years between Palmer's first World Series win in 1966 and"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Polly, a wealthy Manhattan dress designer and a boutique owner respectively, who lived on Park Avenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Moroney eventually married John Lane and the couple had a daughter, Patricia, Palmer’s biological half-sister, who died of leukemia at age 40 in 1987. (As of May 2018, the Palmers were still searching for Patricia Lane's daughter, whose married name is Kimberly Hughes and who would be Jim Palmer's half-niece.) Geheran died in 1959 and Moroney in 1979.Two days after his birth, Palmer was adopted by Moe Wiesen and his wife"
}
] |
James Alvin "Jim" Palmer's adoptive parents were in the fashion industry.
| 0 | 0 |
Jim Palmer
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "He famously used a lighter bat than most sluggers, because it generated a faster swing."
}
] |
YZZxcLk4lZTAk4AHvzvm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Unlike many other major league players, he did not spend all of his war-time playing on service teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "He famously used a lighter bat than most sluggers, because it generated a faster swing."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "Gibson and others followed, starting in 1972 and continuing off and on into the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "For eight summers and parts of others after that, he would give hitting clinics and talk baseball at the camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1939–1940",
"text": "Finally, Williams was flip-flopped in the order with the great slugger Jimmie Foxx, with the idea that Williams would get more pitches to hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "In 1970 he wrote a book on the subject, The Science of Hitting (revised 1986), which is still read by many baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Williams batted .356 in 320 at bats on the season, lacking enough at bats to win the batting title over Al Kaline, who batted .340."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "Like many great players, Williams became impatient with ordinary athletes' abilities and attitudes, particularly those of pitchers, whom he admitted he never respected."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "An avid and expert fly fisherman and deep-sea fisherman, he spent many summers after baseball fishing the Miramichi River, in Miramichi, New Brunswick."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "This was because it was required then that a batter needed 400 at bats, despite Lou Boudreau's attempt to bat Williams second in the lineup to get more at-bats."
}
] |
Ted Williams preferred a lightweight bat unlike many other sluggers.
| 3 | 3 |
Ted Williams
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Wearables",
"text": "It is the first smartwatch produced by Huawei."
}
] |
YaCJ0coP6k9wH3zeCbjG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Wearables",
"text": "Their latest watch, the Huawei Watch GT 2e, was launched in India in May, 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Wearables",
"text": "It is the first smartwatch produced by Huawei."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Leadership | Board of Directors",
"text": "Huawei disclosed its list of board of directors for the first time in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Partners",
"text": "The first smartphone to be co-engineered with a Leica camera was the Huawei P9.In 2020, Huawei partners with Dutch navigation device company TomTom for Google map alternative."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "The U626 was Huawei's first 3G phone in June 2005 and in 2006, Huawei launched the first Vodafone-branded 3G handset, the V710."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "In September 2012, Huawei launched their first 4G ready phone, the Ascend P1 LTE."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Ownership",
"text": "This was the first time Huawei had sued a researcher for defamation for stating common opinions and recognized facts."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "At MWC 2013, the Ascend P2 was launched as the world's first LTE Cat4 smartphone."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign expansion",
"text": "In 1999, the company opened a research and development (R&D) center in Bangalore, India to develop a wide range of telecom software."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Wearables",
"text": "The Huawei Watch is an Android Wear-based smartwatch developed by Huawei."
}
] |
The company Huawei launched a smartwatch in India in 2020 for the first time.
| 0 | 0 |
Huawei
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "He died in Atlanta at 71 years of age following a brain hemorrhage, and was buried in the New Cathedral Cemetery in Baltimore."
}
] |
YaXLJQriCpqRr7iFttQg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilbert Robinson (June 29, 1864 – August 8, 1934), nicknamed \"Uncle Robbie\", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "On March 13, 1915, at spring training in Daytona Beach, Florida, Robinson decided to try to set a record of sorts by catching a baseball dropped from an airplane being flown 525 feet (160 m) overhead."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "From this point on, Robinson referred to airplanes as fruit flies."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "The grapefruit made such a mess that Robinson thought he had lost his eye because of the acid and the bloodlike splatter that covered him."
},
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "Robinson succeeded McGraw as manager of the Orioles."
},
{
"section_header": "Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Robinson was manager when Al López started out as a catcher in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Old-Timers Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "After his retirement from managing, Robinson became the president of the Atlanta Crackers minor league team."
},
{
"section_header": "Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Robinson watched Lopez' style and finally hollered, \" Tell that punk he got two hands to catch with!"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Over the course of his career, Robinson played 1,316 games as a catcher, which prepared him for his second baseball career as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "He died in Atlanta at 71 years of age following a brain hemorrhage, and was buried in the New Cathedral Cemetery in Baltimore."
}
] |
Wilbert Robinson ceased to be and shuffled off his mortal coil due to a viral infection.
| 0 | 0 |
Wilbert Robinson
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first serialized between November 1884 and February 1885 in the periodical Gil Blas, then in March 1885 published as a book."
}
] |
Ybiz8IH873tnW3SNRDYs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The complex tangle of the miners' lives is played out against a backdrop of severe poverty and oppression, as their working and living conditions continue to worsen throughout the novel; eventually, pushed to breaking point, the miners decide to strike and Étienne, now a respected member of the community and recognized as a political idealist, becomes the leader of the movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "KFC Germinal Ekeren, a Belgian football club took its name after the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Germinal is the thirteenth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been filmed a number of times, including: Germinal (1913), directed by Albert Capellani, starring Henry Krauss Germinal (1963), directed by Yves Allégret, starring Jean Sorel, Berthe Granval, Claude Brasseur and Bernard Blier. Germinal (1970), a BBC five-part serial with Mark Jones and Rosemary Leach Germinal (1993), a large-scale production directed by Claude Berri and starring Gérard Depardieu and Miou-Miou, at that time the most expensive feature film ever made in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Les Enfants de Germinal. (The children of Germinal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the final lines of the novel read: Des hommes poussaient, une armée noire, vengeresse, qui germait lentement dans les sillons, grandissant pour les récoltes du siècle futur, et dont la germination"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "At his funeral crowds of workers gathered, cheering the cortège with shouts of \"Germinal! Germinal!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The title, Germinal, is drawn from the springtime seventh month of the French Revolutionary Calendar and is meant to evoke imagery of germination, new growth and fertility."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "By the time of Zola's death, the novel had come to be recognized as his undisputed masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Men were springing forth, a black avenging army, germinating slowly in the furrows, growing towards the harvests of the next century, and their germination would soon overturn the earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first serialized between November 1884 and February 1885 in the periodical Gil Blas, then in March 1885 published as a book."
}
] |
The novel Germinal was put out in pieces.
| 0 | 0 |
Germinal (novel)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers."
}
] |
Yc5wrKRPo1C1XXPu5LDP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Household items: buckets, kitchenware, toys (e.g., construction sets and Rubik's cube)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Their contributions led to the discovery of materials such as celluloid, galalith, parkesine, rayon, vulcanised rubber and, later, Bakelite: all materials that quickly entered industrial manufacturing processes and reached households as garments components (e.g., fabrics, buttons), crockery and decorative items."
},
{
"section_header": "Standardized nomenclature",
"text": "Many commonly used polymers, such as those found in consumer products, are referred to by a common or trivial name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Phase behavior | Inclusion of plasticizers",
"text": "Plasticizers are generally small molecules that are chemically similar to the polymer and create gaps between polymer chains for greater mobility and reduced interchain interactions."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "As Lord Todd summarised it in 1980, “I am inclined to think that the development of polymerization is perhaps the biggest thing that chemistry has done, where it has had the biggest effect on everyday life”."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Polymers: chemistry and physics of modern materials."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hall, Christopher (1989). Polymer materials (2nd ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Mechanical properties | Tensile strength",
"text": "The tensile strength of a material quantifies how much elongating stress the material will endure before failure."
}
] |
Polymers are lab created materials found in everyday household items.
| 1 | 2 |
Polymer
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince."
}
] |
YcIkdedc1HOi2mRy8COy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–1992: The Fresh Prince",
"text": "Smith was struggling financially in 1990, when the NBC television network signed him to a contract and built a sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, around him."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–1992: The Fresh Prince",
"text": "The single became a hit a month before Smith graduated from high school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–1992: The Fresh Prince",
"text": "The show was successful and began his acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, which ran for six seasons from 1990 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–1992: The Fresh Prince",
"text": "Smith started as the MC of the hip-hop duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, with his childhood friend Jeffrey \"DJ Jazzy Jeff\" Townes as turntablist and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2013: Leading man status",
"text": "The same year, the rapper was also featured on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air co-star Tatyana Ali's single"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They met when Jada auditioned for a role as Smith's character's girlfriend on the '90s sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "Federal tax filing showed that Smith donated $1.2 million to the school in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–1992: The Fresh Prince",
"text": "Smith spent money freely around 1988 and 1989 and underpaid his income taxes."
}
] |
Smith had his "Fresh Prince" title before the show Fresh Prince of Bel-Air aired.
| 2 | 4 |
Will Smith
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "Zynga has been accused several times of copying game concepts of popular games by competing developers."
}
] |
YcjxBkQvRciT6HCUft8O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Zynga launched its best-known game, FarmVille, on Facebook in June 2009, reaching 10 million daily active users (DAU) within six weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "Zynga has been accused several times of copying game concepts of popular games by competing developers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "Pincus responded by saying that tower-building games have existed since SimTower (1994) and that Zynga uses mechanics and ideas developed throughout the history of video games to create the \"best in market games.\" He added that Bingo Blitz has similarities to the discontinued Zynga game Poker Blitz."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga also announced the Zynga API, intended to help developers build social games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zynga Inc. is an American social game developer running social video game services and founded in April 2007 with headquarters in San Francisco, California, United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model",
"text": "In March, 2012, Zynga launched a separate social gaming platform, which included publishing other developers to the Zynga.com platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Board games",
"text": "As of 2012, Zynga's list of available games includes board game versions of Draw Something, a CityVille edition of Monopoly, Words with Friends, and several kids' \"Animal Games\" based on FarmVille."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga's first game, Texas Hold'Em Poker, now known as Zynga Poker, was released on Facebook in July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Hasbro partnership",
"text": "The Hasbro games included ties to Zynga Web and mobile games, such as in-game currency that players can use in the digital versions of CityVille and FarmVille."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It was the first game Facebook introduced on its social networking platform."
}
] |
The social game developer Zynga, best known for FarmVille, has been accused of stealing other people's game ideas.
| 0 | 0 |
Zynga
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "It reads, “This album is dedicated to my cat Jerry—also Tom, Oscar, and Tiffany and all the cat lovers across the universe—"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "\"Innuendo\". Mercury cared for at least ten cats throughout his life, including: Tom, Jerry, Oscar, Tiffany, Dorothy, Delilah, Goliath, Miko, Romeo, and Lily."
}
] |
YdI7vU7lUpzD90JneHzE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous Queen album",
"text": "The sleeve of the album contains the words, \"Dedicated to the immortal spirit of Freddie Mercury."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "Mercury dedicated his liner notes in his 1985 solo album Mr. Bad Guy to Jerry and his other cats."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous Queen album",
"text": "The album cover features the Freddie Mercury statue that overlooks Lake Geneva superimposed with Mercury's Duck House lake cabin that he had rented."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness",
"text": "He [Freddie] was one of the funniest people I ever encountered."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "It reads, “This album is dedicated to my cat Jerry—also Tom, Oscar, and Tiffany and all the cat lovers across the universe—"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "but You (Only the Good Die Young)\", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "People with mere talent, like me, have not got the ability or power.\" Mercury dedicated a song to the former member of The Beatles."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Solo career",
"text": "Many critics were uncertain what to make of the album; one referred to it as \"the most bizarre CD of the year\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous Queen album",
"text": "In November 1995, Mercury appeared posthumously on Queen's final studio album Made in Heaven."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Solo career",
"text": "In 2012, Freddie Mercury: The Great Pretender, a documentary film directed by Rhys Thomas on Mercury's attempts to forge a solo career, premiered on BBC One."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "\"Innuendo\". Mercury cared for at least ten cats throughout his life, including: Tom, Jerry, Oscar, Tiffany, Dorothy, Delilah, Goliath, Miko, Romeo, and Lily."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury dedicated an album to one of his feline companions.
| 3 | 3 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David is a 5.17-metre (17.0 ft) marble statue of the Biblical figure David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence."
}
] |
YdkzAKAjaT4pUy2UqsZk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "The pose of Michelangelo's David is unlike that of earlier Renaissance depictions of David."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "According to Helen Gardner and other scholars, David is depicted before his battle with Goliath."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the Operai contracted Agostino to create a sculpture of David."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "It is possible that the David was conceived as a political statue before Michelangelo began to work on it."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hirst Michael, “Michelangelo In Florence: David"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David is a 5.17-metre (17.0 ft) marble statue of the Biblical figure David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "However, John Vedder Edwards, in his \"Michelangelo / Revelations\" suggests that the David is in fact shown after the defeat of Goliath, and that David is looking in consternation at the Philistine army, concerned as to whether or not they will honor the agreement to settle the dispute on the terms of single-combat previously agreed to."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "In 1873, the statue of David was removed from the piazza, to protect it from damage, and displayed in the Accademia Gallery, Florence, where it attracted many visitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hughes, Anthony, Michelangelo, London: Phaidon Press, 1997. Levine, Saul, \"The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504\", The Art Bulletin, 56 (1974): 31–49."
}
] |
The statue of David created by Michelangelo depicts the character of David from the Hebrew Bible.
| 2 | 3 |
David (Michelangelo)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It received a leading eleven nominations at the 56th Academy Awards, and won five: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actress for MacLaine, and Best Supporting Actor for Nicholson."
}
] |
YdpUxA5XWCvASn1HQzJm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It received a leading eleven nominations at the 56th Academy Awards, and won five: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actress for MacLaine, and Best Supporting Actor for Nicholson."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "American Film Institute (nominations): AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Terms of Endearment was commercially successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert gave the film a four-out-of-four star rating, calling it \"a wonderful film\" and stating, \"There isn't a thing that I would change, and I was exhilarated by the freedom it gives itself to move from the high comedy of Nicholson's best moments to the acting of Debra Winger in the closing scenes.\" Gene Siskel, who gave the film a highly enthusiastic review, correctly predicted upon its release that it would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: Aurora: \" Would you like to come in?"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The site's consensus reads: \"A classic tearjerker, Terms of Endearment isn't shy about reaching for the heartstrings – but is so well-acted and smartly scripted that it's almost impossible to resist.\" Metacritic reports a score of 79/100 based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating \"Generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Larry McMurtry, writer of the novel on which the screenplay was based, had received his M.A. at Rice University, a mere three miles from the home."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin awarded the film a rare four-star rating, calling it a \"Wonderful mix of humor and heartache\", and concluded the film was \"Consistently offbeat and unpredictable, with exceptional performances by all three stars\"."
}
] |
The 1983 dramatic comedy film, Terms of Endearment, was an adaption of a novel and won half of the Academy Awards it was nominated for.
| 1 | 1 |
Terms of Endearment
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "António de Oliveira Salazar (; Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral",
"text": "Believing that the 79-year-old prime minister would die soon after the fall, President Américo Tomás dismissed Salazar and replaced him with Marcelo Caetano."
}
] |
YfNxUxa4VckidaZPj1ZB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "Salazar stayed on as finance minister while military prime ministers came and went."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Family",
"text": "do Resgate Salazar de Oliveira, an elementary school teacher; Elisa Salazar de Oliveira; Maria Leopoldina Salazar de Oliveira; and Laura Salazar de Oliveira, who in 1887 married Abel Pais de Sousa, brother of Mário Pais de Sousa, who served as Salazar's Interior Minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "António de Oliveira Salazar (; Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "His friend Mário de Figueiredo, Minister of Justice, passed new legislation that facilitated the organisation of religious processions."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "Prime Minister José Vicente de Freitas, who took issue with Carmona's policies, left the cabinet."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "Oliveira Salazar is Minister of Finance, which I accept is right, but that he is minister of everything, which is more questionable."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "Hoare asserted that, in his 30 years of political life, he had met most of the leading statesmen of Europe, and regarded Salazar highly among those."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral",
"text": "Believing that the 79-year-old prime minister would die soon after the fall, President Américo Tomás dismissed Salazar and replaced him with Marcelo Caetano."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Colonial policies | Aid to Rhodesia",
"text": "Salazar was a close friend of Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "The Portuguese historian, scholar, and editor, A. H. de Oliveira Marques, wrote of Salazar: \"He considered himself the guide of the nation,"
}
] |
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar was Prime Minister of Portugal for over 30 years and stayed at this position until he passed away.
| 1 | 1 |
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Texas self-perception",
"text": "Texas was the largest U.S. state, until Alaska became a state in 1959."
}
] |
YgxaA4iKLk3az0LzgSYa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Texas self-perception",
"text": "The phrase \"everything is bigger in Texas\" has been in regular use since at least 1950; and was used as early as 1913."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Texas self-perception",
"text": "Texas was the largest U.S. state, until Alaska became a state in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "If Texas were a sovereign state, it would be the 10th largest economy in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Cities, towns, and metropolitan areas",
"text": "Texas has the largest number of people of all states, living in colonias."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Texas self-perception",
"text": "\"Texas-sized\" is an expression that can be used in two ways: to describe something that is about the size of the U.S. state of Texas, or to describe something (usually but not always originating from Texas) that is large compared to other objects of its type."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "The Energy Information Administration states the state's large agriculture and forestry industries could give Texas an enormous amount biomass for use in biofuels."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity",
"text": "There are nearly 200,000 Czech Americans living in Texas, the largest number of any state."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "It is the fifth-largest Muslim-populated state in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Airports",
"text": "American Airlines Group's American / American Eagle, the world's largest airline in total passengers-miles transported and passenger fleet size, uses DFW as its largest and main hub."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "While Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest city in the United States, the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area is larger than Houston."
}
] |
The state of Texas is the largest of the U.S. states and it's motto is "everything is bigger in Texas."
| 0 | 0 |
Texas
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It remade Europe after the downfall of French Emperor Napoleon I."
}
] |
YgyPxsMadyHgRzNDbyT7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a technical sense, the \"Congress of Vienna\" was not properly a congress: it never met in plenary session, and most of the discussions occurred in informal, face-to-face sessions among the Great Powers of Austria, Britain, France, Russia, and sometimes Prussia, with limited or no participation by other delegates."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "Historian Mark Jarrett argues that the Congress of Vienna and the Congress System marked \"the true beginning of our modern era\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Talleyrand's role | Polish-Saxon crisis",
"text": "Russia received most of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw as a \"Kingdom of Poland\" – called Congress Poland, with the tsar as king ruling it independently of Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "He says the Congress of Vienna avoided them and instead set up rules that produced a stable and benign equilibrium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Preliminaries",
"text": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814–15."
},
{
"section_header": "Preliminaries",
"text": "The Treaty of Paris had determined that a \"general congress\" should be held in Vienna and that invitations would be issued to \"all the Powers engaged on either side in the present war\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Final Act | Other changes",
"text": "Portugal ratified the Final Act in 1815 but Spain would not sign, and this became the most important hold-out against the Congress of Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Participants | Others",
"text": "Leopold von PlessenVirtually every state in Europe had a delegation in Vienna – more than 200 states and princely houses were represented at the Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Later criticism",
"text": "Although the Congress of Vienna preserved the balance of power in Europe, it could not check the spread of revolutionary movements across the continent some 30 years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It remade Europe after the downfall of French Emperor Napoleon I."
}
] |
The Congress of Vienna met after the fall of Napoleon.
| 0 | 0 |
Congress of Vienna
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages",
"text": "Jolie had a serious boyfriend for two years from the age of 14."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages",
"text": "Her mother allowed them to live together in her home, of which Jolie later said, \"I was either going to be reckless on the streets with my boyfriend"
}
] |
YhB1WQqjG1MlZgjhoEUU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "When Jolie was six years old, Bertrand and her live-in partner, filmmaker Bill Day, moved the family to Palisades, New York; they returned to Los Angeles five years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2004: Mainstream recognition",
"text": "The New York Times critic Elvis Mitchell questioned Jolie's decision to follow her Oscar-winning performance with \"soft-core nonsense.\" The romantic comedy Life or Something Like It (2002), though equally unsuccessful, marked an unusual choice for Jolie."
},
{
"section_header": "Humanitarian work | Conservation and community development",
"text": "Her home functions as the MJP field headquarters."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "Jolie was accompanied by her partner, Brad Pitt, when she traveled to Ethiopia to take custody of Zahara."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages",
"text": "I fell in love with her the first second I saw her.\" According to Shimizu, their relationship lasted several years and continued even while Jolie was romantically involved with other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Cancer prevention treatment",
"text": "Dubbed \"The Angelina Effect\" by a Time cover story, Jolie's influence led to a \"global and long-lasting\" increase in BRCA gene testing: the number of referrals tripled in Australia and doubled in the UK, parts of Canada, and India, as well as significantly increased in other European countries and the U.S. Researchers in Canada and the UK"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Born Angelina Jolie Voight in Los Angeles, California, she is the daughter of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages",
"text": "Her mother allowed them to live together in her home, of which Jolie later said, \"I was either going to be reckless on the streets with my boyfriend"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "At age 16, after the relationship had ended, Jolie graduated from high school and rented her own apartment, before returning to theater studies, though in 2004 she referred to this period with the observation, \"I am still at heart—and always will be—just a punk kid with tattoos."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Angelina Jolie (; née Voight, formerly Jolie Pitt, born June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages",
"text": "Jolie had a serious boyfriend for two years from the age of 14."
}
] |
Angelina Jolie's romantic partner was permitted to move into her home when she was still in highschool.
| 2 | 2 |
Angelina Jolie
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "Only its altar now remains. A life-size wax statue of Caesar was later erected in the forum displaying the 23 stab wounds."
}
] |
YhKgf3onXLwaiNg5Vpav
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "He was stabbed 23 times. According to Suetonius, a physician later established that only one wound, the second one to his chest, had been lethal."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns | Civil war",
"text": "Caesar then pursued Pompey to Egypt, arriving soon after the murder of the general."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In Greek, during Caesar's time, his family name was written Καίσαρ (Kaísar), reflecting its contemporary pronunciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns | Civil war",
"text": "Perhaps as a result of the pharaoh's role in Pompey's murder, Caesar sided with Cleopatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He could not do both in the time available."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns | Civil war",
"text": "During this time, Caesar was elected to his third and fourth terms as consul in 46 BC and 45 BC (this last time without a colleague)."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship",
"text": "The Roman calendar at the time was regulated by the movement of the moon."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "This was not the first time Caesar had violated a tribune's sacrosanctity."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship",
"text": "When Caesar returned to Rome, the Senate granted him triumphs for his victories, ostensibly those over Gaul, Egypt, Pharnaces, and Juba, rather than over his Roman opponents."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship",
"text": "Again, some bystanders complained, this time at Caesar's wasteful extravagance."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "Only its altar now remains. A life-size wax statue of Caesar was later erected in the forum displaying the 23 stab wounds."
}
] |
Gaius was murdered and stabbed over 22 times.
| 2 | 4 |
Julius Caesar
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers."
}
] |
YhPCmCwkBqoJqVEz2vA7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's early training as a violinist was at the musical academy of Sopron (1842–44)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark's first concert in Vienna (1858) met with hostility, and he returned to Budapest, returning to Vienna in 1860."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's older brother Joseph became a physician and was later involved in the Revolution of 1848, and forced to emigrate to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "His father, Ruben Goldmark, was a chazan (cantor) to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely, Hungary, where Karl was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He prepared himself for entry first to the Vienna Technische Hochschule and then to the Vienna Conservatory to study the violin with Joseph Böhm and harmony with Gottfried Preyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "First performed in Vienna on 10 March 1875, the work proved so popular that it remained in the repertory of the Vienna Staatsoper continuously until 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "\"His writing is distinctive for his even-handed promotion of both Brahms and Wagner, at a time when audiences (and most critics) were solidly in one composer's camp or the other and viewed those on the opposing side with undisguised hostility.\" (Liebermann 1997) Johannes Brahms and Goldmark developed a friendship as Goldmark's prominence in Vienna grew."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "9 that made his first reputation in Vienna, the Violin Sonata in D"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "39, and the work that first brought Goldmark's name into prominence in the Viennese musical world, the String Quartet in"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers."
}
] |
Karl Goldmark's grave site was among other accomplished musician's final resting places in Vienna.
| 2 | 3 |
Karl Goldmark
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets."
}
] |
YiEy9tqJzv6mML41vijX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Naive country girl Lili (Leslie Caron) arrives in a provincial town in hopes of locating an old friend of her late father, only to find that he has died."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lili is a 1953 American film released by MGM."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lili takes the wedding ring to Marc and tells him that every little girl has to wake up from her girlish dreams."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs: \"Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo\"—Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | Love of Seven Dolls",
"text": "\" They embrace, and Milly decides to say goodbye to \"the outside world—reality—Fred Archer\" and live with Villeridge and his created \"Never-Never Land of the mind.\" \"In Paris in the spring of our times, a young girl was about to throw herself into the Seine.\" Thus opens the novella from which the film Lili and the musical Carnival was drawn."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | Love of Seven Dolls",
"text": "The first four puppets she meets correspond closely to those in the film and are a youth named Carrot Top; a fox, Reynardo; a vain girl, Gigi; and a \"huge, tousle-headed, hideous, yet pathetic-looking giant\" Alifanfaron."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | The Man Who Hated People (short story)",
"text": "In particular, the abuse heaped by the puppeteer on the innocent \"girl\" is emotional and verbal."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | The Man Who Hated People (short story)",
"text": "The first time you start giving a performance, you're through.\" Villeridge, we learn, is French Canadian, and had once been headed for a serious career as a hockey player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film won the Academy Award for Best Original Score, and was also entered in the 1953 Cannes Film Festival."
}
] |
Lili is a film about a naive French girl.
| 0 | 2 |
Lili
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Around 400, raids by the Huns from the east forced many Germanic tribes to migrate west into the territory of the Roman Empire and, fearing that they might be targeted next"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The traditional view has been that the Vandals migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and settled in Silesia from around 120 BC."
}
] |
YiTUOsaedFc7D9PjgrHA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vandals were a Roman-era Germanic people who first appear in written records inhabiting present-day southern Poland."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "Since the Vandals spoke a Germanic language and belonged to early Germanic culture, they are classified as a Germanic people by modern scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Around 400, raids by the Huns from the east forced many Germanic tribes to migrate west into the territory of the Roman Empire and, fearing that they might be targeted next"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfram, Herwig (1997). The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Introduction into the Roman Empire",
"text": "In the 2nd century, two or three distinct Vandal peoples came to the attention of Roman authors, the Silingi, the Hasdingi, and possibly the Lacringi, who appear together with the Hasdingi."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Early classical sources",
"text": "Tacitus mentioned the Vandilii, but only in a passage explaining legends about the origins of the Germanic peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Further possible homelands of the Vandals in Scandinavia are Vendsyssel in Denmark and Hallingdal in Norway."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Consolidation",
"text": "Following up the attack, the Vandals tried to invade the Peloponnese, but were driven back by the Maniots at Kenipolis with heavy losses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Early classical sources",
"text": "The earliest mention of the Vandals is from Pliny the Elder, who used the term Vandili in a broad way to define one of the major groupings of all Germanic peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Lugii",
"text": "Strabo and Ptolemy do not mention the Vandals at all, only the Lugii, Tacitus mentions them in a passage about the ancestry of the Germanic peoples without saying where they lived, and Pliny the Elder in contrast mentions the Vandals but not the Lugii."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The traditional view has been that the Vandals migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and settled in Silesia from around 120 BC."
}
] |
The Germanic people, the Vandals, who came from Scandinavia were driven to current day Poland by the Huns.
| 0 | 0 |
Vandals
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early gas lights were ignited manually, but many later designs are self-igniting."
}
] |
YihTXgDEXkV7Ek0WJ02T
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use",
"text": "Gaslight was the leading cause of behavior change in theaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Public illumination preceded the discovery and adoption of gaslight by centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern outdoor usage",
"text": "South Orange, New Jersey, has adopted the gaslight as the symbol of the town, and uses them on nearly all streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "It was discovered that the flame would burn brighter if the metal was mixed with other components, such as porcelain."
},
{
"section_header": "Early technology",
"text": "“This work was of a large scale, and he next experimented to find better ways of producing, purifying, and burning the gas.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "\"Several hundred theatres are said to have burned down in America and Europe between 1800 and the introduction of electricity in the late 1800s."
},
{
"section_header": "Widespread use",
"text": "In England, the first place outside London to have gas lighting was Preston, Lancashire, in 1816; this was due to the Preston Gaslight Company run by revolutionary Joseph Dunn, who found the most improved way of brighter gas lighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "\" Paris was first lit by an order issued in 1524, and, in the beginning of the 16th century, the inhabitants were ordered to keep lights burning in the windows of all houses that faced the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern indoor usage",
"text": "New fixtures are still made and available for propane (sometimes called \"bottle(d) gas\"), a product of oil refining, which under most circumstances burns more completely to carbon dioxide and water vapor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early technology",
"text": "He noted, \"The said air being put into a bladder … and tied close, may be carried away, and kept some days, and being afterwards pressed gently through a small pipe into the flame of a candle, will take fire, and burn at the end of the pipe as long as the bladder is gently pressed to feed the flame, and when taken from the candle after it is so lighted, it will continue burning till there is no more air left in the bladder to supply the flame.\" Lowther had basically discovered the principle behind gas lighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early gas lights were ignited manually, but many later designs are self-igniting."
}
] |
Gaslight was always burned automatically.
| 0 | 0 |
Gaslight
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Its central dome dominates the skyline of Rome."
}
] |
Yj1VYBNP6DSFA6oSqtaz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Its central dome dominates the skyline of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "Its dome is a dominant feature of the skyline of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The central space is dominated both externally and internally by one of the largest domes in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Changes of plan",
"text": "The central plan also did not have a \"dominant orientation toward the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Michelangelo's contribution",
"text": "They all called for a dome to equal that engineered by Brunelleschi a century earlier and which has since dominated the skyline of Renaissance Florence, and they all called for a strongly symmetrical plan of either Greek Cross form, like the iconic St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, or of a Latin Cross with the transepts of identical form to the chancel, as at Florence Cathedral."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Successive plans",
"text": "Bramante had envisioned that the central dome would be surrounded by four lower domes at the diagonal axes."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Influence on church architecture",
"text": "Within Rome, the huge domed church of Sant'Andrea"
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Michelangelo's contribution",
"text": "It is the chancel end (the ecclesiastical \"Eastern end\") with its huge centrally placed dome that is the work of Michelangelo."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "\"The nave which leads to the central dome is in three bays, with piers supporting a barrel-vault, the highest of any church."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Bramante and Sangallo, 1506 and 1513",
"text": "While its appearance, with the exception of the details of the lantern, is entirely Gothic, its engineering was highly innovative, and the product of a mind that had studied the huge vaults and remaining dome of Ancient Rome."
}
] |
The dome of Saint Peter's Basilica stands over Rome's cityscape
| 2 | 7 |
St. Peter's Basilica
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In 1807, he had transferred the remains of his wife Sarah Livingston and those of his colonial ancestors from the family vault in the Bowery in Manhattan to Rye, establishing a private cemetery."
}
] |
YjYHy9S0vroehrinxXss
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Family history",
"text": "Jay was born on December 23, 1745 (following the Gregorian calendar, December 12 following the Julian calendar), in New York City; three months later the family moved to Rye, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "While in Britain, Jay was elected in May 1795, as the second governor of New York (succeeding George Clinton) as a Federalist."
},
{
"section_header": "As a diplomat | Peace Commissioner",
"text": "At that time, Jay was summoned from his family seat in Rye to receive \"the Freedom\" of New York City as a tribute to his successful negotiations."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family | Jay family homes in Rye and Bedford",
"text": "It was acquired by New York State in 1958 and named \"The John Jay Homestead."
},
{
"section_header": "1792 campaign for Governor of New York",
"text": "In 1792, Jay was the Federalist candidate for governor of New York, but he was defeated by Democratic-Republican George Clinton."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Family history",
"text": "The Jays were a prominent merchant family in New York City, descended from Huguenots who had come to New York to escape religious persecution in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In place names | Schools and universities",
"text": "The John Jay College of Criminal Justice, formerly known as the College of Police Science at City University of New York, was renamed for Jay in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Family history",
"text": "Cortlandt served in the New York Assembly, was twice elected as mayor of New York City, and also held a variety of judicial and military offices."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "As governor, he received a proposal from Hamilton to gerrymander New York for the presidential election of that year; he marked the letter \"Proposing a measure for party purposes which it would not become me to adopt\", and filed it without replying."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Family history",
"text": "He moved from France to Charleston, South Carolina and then New York, where he built a successful merchant empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In 1807, he had transferred the remains of his wife Sarah Livingston and those of his colonial ancestors from the family vault in the Bowery in Manhattan to Rye, establishing a private cemetery."
}
] |
John Jay had his wife's corpse moved from New York City to Rye, New York.
| 0 | 0 |
John Jay
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production."
}
] |
Yke8jm8nEWKE0DKLQ7N7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model T",
"text": "\" Until the development of the assembly line, which mandated black because of its quicker drying time, Model Ts were available in other colors, including red."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse",
"text": "At 3,500,000 sq ft (330,000 m2), it was the largest assembly line in the world at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "International business",
"text": "He believed that international trade and cooperation led to international peace, and he used the assembly line process and production of the Model T to demonstrate it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model T",
"text": "Although Ford is often credited with the idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and development came from employees Clarence Avery, Peter E. Martin, Charles E. Sorensen, and C. Harold Wills. (See Ford Piquette Avenue Plant) Sales passed 250,000 in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse",
"text": "At its peak in 1944, the Willow Run plant produced 650 B-24s per month, and by 1945 Ford was completing each B-24 in eighteen hours, with one rolling off the assembly line every 58 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal interests | Preserving Americana",
"text": "Ford repeated the concept of collecting historic structures with the creation of Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal interests | Interest in materials science and engineering",
"text": "Ford long had an interest in plastics developed from agricultural products, especially soybeans."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal interests | Interest in materials science and engineering",
"text": "Ford was instrumental in developing charcoal briquets, under the brand name \"Kingsford\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse",
"text": "He \"lined up behind the war effort\" when the U.S. entered in December 1941."
}
] |
Ford was a main developer of the assembly line concept.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Ford
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story is told entirely in flashbacks narrated mostly by Quentin Compson to his roommate at Harvard University, Shreve, who frequently contributes his own suggestions and surmises."
}
] |
Ykl4giUGDP3VNKgFQIIn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Like other Faulkner novels, Absalom, Absalom!"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "Drummer Neil Peart, the band's lyricist, said he \"loved the sound of\" the title of Faulkner's novel and was inspired to look up the Biblical story of Absalom after reading the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Absalom, Absalom! juxtaposes ostensible fact, informed guesswork, and outright speculation, with the implication that reconstructions of the past remain irretrievable and therefore imaginative."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Absalom, Absalom! is a novel by the American author William Faulkner, first published in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Rosa initially narrates the story, with long digressions and a biased memory, to Quentin Compson, whose grandfather was a friend of Sutpen's."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "By using various narrators expressing their interpretations, the novel alludes to the historical cultural zeitgeist of Faulkner's South, where the past is always present and constantly in states of revision by the people who tell and retell the story over time; it thus also explores the process of myth-making and the questioning of truth."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "allegorizes Southern history; the title itself is an allusion to a wayward son fighting the empire his father built, much like the Biblical story of King David and Absalom."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "In 2009, a panel of judges called Absalom, Absalom!"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "Absalom, Absalom, along with The Sound and the Fury, helped Faulkner win the Nobel Prize in Literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "The 1983 Guinness Book of World Records says the \"Longest Sentence in Literature\" is a sentence from Absalom, Absalom!"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story is told entirely in flashbacks narrated mostly by Quentin Compson to his roommate at Harvard University, Shreve, who frequently contributes his own suggestions and surmises."
}
] |
The story in the novel, Absalom, Absalom, is written exclusively from the point of view of someone sharing old stories from the past with a friend.
| 0 | 0 |
Absalom, Absalom!
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Mathematics",
"text": "Literary scholar Melanie Bayley asserted in the magazine New Scientist that Dodgson wrote Alice in Wonderland in its final form as a scathing satire on new modern mathematics that were emerging in the mid-19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Mathematics",
"text": "Dodgson's delineation of the relationship between cat and grin can be taken to represent the very concept of mathematics and number itself."
}
] |
YlJqLAQjAgw3NcJxxjGX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception by reviewers",
"text": "The book Alice in Wonderland failed to be named in an 1888 poll of the publishing season's most popular children's stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Live performance",
"text": "Similarly, the 1992 operatic production Alice used both Alice books as its inspiration."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Mathematics",
"text": "oh dear! I shall never get to twenty at that rate!\" This explores the representation of numbers using different bases and positional numeral systems: 4 × 5 = 12 in base 18 notation, 4 × 6 = 13 in base 21 notation, and 4 × 7 could be 14 in base 24 notation."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Live flamingos are used as mallets and hedgehogs as balls and Alice once again meets the Cheshire Cat."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Mathematics",
"text": "Dodgson's delineation of the relationship between cat and grin can be taken to represent the very concept of mathematics and number itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception by reviewers",
"text": "At the release of Through the Looking-Glass, the first Alice tale gained in popularity and by the end of the 19th century Sir Walter Besant wrote that Alice in Wonderland \"was a book of that extremely rare kind which will belong to all the generations to come until the language becomes obsolete\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the best-known and most popular works of English-language fiction, its narrative, structure, characters and imagery have been enormously influential in popular culture and literature, especially in the fantasy genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Live performance",
"text": "The TA Fantastika, a popular Black light theatre in Prague performs \"Aspects of Alice\"; written and directed by Petr Kratochvíl."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "She stumbles upon a small estate and uses the mushroom to reach a more appropriate height."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "He tries to tell his story about how he used to be a real turtle in school, which the Gryphon interrupts so they can play a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Mathematics",
"text": "Literary scholar Melanie Bayley asserted in the magazine New Scientist that Dodgson wrote Alice in Wonderland in its final form as a scathing satire on new modern mathematics that were emerging in the mid-19th century."
}
] |
Alice in Wonderland is not readable as a long-hand complaint about popular use of numbers.
| 0 | 0 |
Alice in Wonderland
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Kennedy \"Duke\" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than six decades."
}
] |
YlvbvUL58UVs8ovx0a2R
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Career revival",
"text": "\" The score avoided the cultural stereotypes which previously characterized jazz scores and rejected a strict adherence to visuals in ways that presaged the New Wave cinema of the '60s\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career revival",
"text": "This was followed by Paris Blues (1961), which featured Paul Newman and Sidney Poitier as jazz musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career revival",
"text": "He was now performing all over the world; a significant part of each year was spent on overseas tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Kennedy \"Duke\" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than six decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ellington in the early to mid-1940s",
"text": "While some jazz musicians had played at Carnegie Hall before, none had performed anything as elaborate as Ellington's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "After Duke died, his son Mercer took over leadership of the orchestra, continuing until his own death in 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "After the young musicians left the Sweatman Orchestra to strike out on their own, they found an emerging jazz scene that was highly competitive with difficult inroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "He created a jazz Christian liturgy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some of the jazz musicians who were members of Ellington's orchestra, such as saxophonist Johnny Hodges, are considered among the best players in the idiom."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early post-war years",
"text": "Musicians enlisting in the military and travel restrictions made touring difficult for the big bands and dancing became subject to a new tax, which continued for many years, affecting the choices of club owners."
}
] |
Duke was an influential jazz musician that had a career stretching over 60 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Duke Ellington
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph \"Jack\" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spanned more than 60 years."
}
] |
Ymz0oFAaxkQrBmkvtvEc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Political views",
"text": "Nicholson described himself as a \"life-long Irish Democrat\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph \"Jack\" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spanned more than 60 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "After that, who is there but Jack Nicholson?"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Hobbies",
"text": "Nicholson is a collector of 20th-century and contemporary art, including the work of Henri Matisse, Tamara de Lempicka, Andy Warhol and Jack Vettriano."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Nicholson starred in Five Easy Pieces alongside Karen Black in 1970 in what became his persona-defining role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "\"In \"In the 1989 Batman movie , Nicholson played the psychotic murderer and villain, the Joker."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "He can come on the set and deliver, without any fuss, without taking a long time walking around getting into it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has five children: one with Knight, two with Broussard (including Lorraine Nicholson), and one each with Susan Anspach and Winnie Hollman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Also in 1970, he appeared in the movie adaptation of"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "\"I was livid\", he recalls. Nicholson also co-wrote, with Bob Rafelson, the movie Head, which starred The Monkees."
}
] |
Jack Nicholson worked in the movie industry for twenty five long years.
| 0 | 0 |
Jack Nicholson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "Besarion became an alcoholic, and drunkenly beat his wife and son."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "Ekaterine and Stalin left the home by 1883, and began a wandering life, moving through nine different rented rooms over the next decade."
}
] |
YnQChtsOkk6iiFXbCDgH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and characteristics | Relationships and family",
"text": "According to Service, Stalin \"regarded women as a resource for sexual gratification and domestic comfort\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and characteristics | Personality",
"text": "Stalin was ruthless, temperamentally cruel, and had a propensity for violence high even among the Bolsheviks."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | German invasion: 1941–1942",
"text": "Comintern was dissolved in 1943, and Stalin encouraged foreign Marxist–Leninist parties to emphasise nationalism over internationalism to broaden their domestic appeal."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Revolution of 1905 and its aftermath: 1905–1912",
"text": "Stalin was in Baku in February when ethnic violence broke out between Armenians and Azeris; at least 2,000 were killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Dekulakisation, collectivisation, and industrialisation: 1927–1931 | Economic policy",
"text": "Stalin responded to the uprisings with an article insisting that collectivisation was voluntary and blaming any violence and other excesses on local officials."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "Stalin left the seminary in April 1899 and never returned."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war era | Final years: 1950–1953 | Death, funeral and aftermath",
"text": "Stalin left no anointed successor nor a framework within which a transfer of power could take place."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and characteristics",
"text": "He was born with a webbed left foot, and his left arm had been permanently injured in childhood which left it shorter than his right and lacking in flexibility, which was probably the result of being hit, at the age of 12, by a horse-drawn carriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Succeeding Lenin: 1924–1927",
"text": "He was supported in this by Bukharin, who like Stalin believed that the Left Opposition's proposals would plunge the Soviet Union into instability."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Dekulakisation, collectivisation, and industrialisation: 1927–1931 | Economic policy",
"text": "At this point, Stalin turned against the NEP, putting him on a course to the \"left\" even of Trotsky or Zinoviev."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "Besarion became an alcoholic, and drunkenly beat his wife and son."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "Ekaterine and Stalin left the home by 1883, and began a wandering life, moving through nine different rented rooms over the next decade."
}
] |
Joseph Stalin and his mom left his dad because of domestic violence.
| 0 | 0 |
Joseph Stalin
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, receiving the first for her role as Gudrun Brangwen in the romantic drama film Women in Love (1970) and the second for her role as Vickie Allessio in the romantic comedy film"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1969–1980: Critical and commercial success",
"text": "Jackson's starring role in Ken Russell's film adaptation of D.H. Lawrence's Women in Love (1969) led to her winning her first Academy Award for Best Actress."
}
] |
YniA7SClsI7Py6bhapbz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1969–1980: Critical and commercial success",
"text": "A later film version directed by Trevor Nunn was released as Hedda (1975), for which Jackson was nominated for an Oscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glenda May Jackson (born 9 May 1936) is a British actress and politician."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "Dominic Cavendish of The Telegraph wrote, \"Glenda Jackson is tremendous as King Lear."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "You're all invited. Glenda Jackson is going to endure this, and you're going to witness it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "Marilyn Stasio of Variety wrote, \"Watching Glenda Jackson in theatrical flight is like looking straight into the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Glenda May Jackson was born on 9 May 1936 in Birkenhead, Cheshire, where her father was a builder and her mother worked in shops and as a cleaner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her role in a revival of Edward Albee's Three Tall Women, thus becoming one of the few performers to have achieved the \"Triple Crown of Acting\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1992: Later acting career",
"text": "\"In 1989, Jackson appeared in Ken Russell's The Rainbow, playing Anna Brangwen, mother of Gudrun, the part which had won her her first Academy Award twenty years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1969–1980: Critical and commercial success",
"text": "After the series was shown on PBS in the US, Jackson received two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1992: Later acting career",
"text": "Albee was disappointed with this production, pointing to Jackson who he thought \"had retreated back to the thing she can do very well, that ice cold performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, receiving the first for her role as Gudrun Brangwen in the romantic drama film Women in Love (1970) and the second for her role as Vickie Allessio in the romantic comedy film"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1969–1980: Critical and commercial success",
"text": "Jackson's starring role in Ken Russell's film adaptation of D.H. Lawrence's Women in Love (1969) led to her winning her first Academy Award for Best Actress."
}
] |
Glenda Jackson has not yet won an Oscar for any of her performances.
| 1 | 2 |
Glenda Jackson
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Soon after Scipio's victory at Zama the war ended, with the Carthaginian senate suing for peace."
}
] |
Ynl2SxnDxsmnLLSa5cxh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scipio and Hannibal confronted each other near Zama Regia."
},
{
"section_header": "Troop deployment",
"text": "Scipio, recognizing their importance, held the cavalry advantage at Zama."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "Crossing the Alps, Hannibal reached the Italian peninsula in 218 BC and won several major victories against the Roman armies."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "In total, as many as 20,000 of Hannibal's troops were killed at Zama, while 20,000 more were taken prisoner."
},
{
"section_header": "Troop deployment",
"text": "The battle took place at Zama Regia, near Siliana 130 km southwest of Tunis."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "Scipio was able to rally his men."
},
{
"section_header": "Troop deployment",
"text": "Hannibal was first to march and reach the plains of Zama Regia, which were suitable for cavalry maneuvering."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Soon after Scipio's victory at Zama the war ended, with the Carthaginian senate suing for peace."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "Hannibal waited for Scipio to attack."
}
] |
Scipio won the battle of Zama.
| 0 | 5 |
Battle of Zama
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Audrey Hepburn as a princess out to see Rome on her own and Gregory Peck as a reporter."
}
] |
YoJYKA44v0elfs4IJ6Zy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roman Holiday is a 1953 American romantic comedy film directed and produced by William Wyler."
},
{
"section_header": "Casting",
"text": "Wyler wanted an \"anti-Italian\" actress who was different from the curvy Italian maggiorate like Gina Lollobrigida, and said that \"She was perfect ... his new star had no arse, no tits, no tight-fitting clothes, no high heels."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Richard Curtis film Notting Hill has been likened to \"a 90's London-set version of Roman Holiday\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, Roman Holiday was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 1999, Roman Holiday was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Casting",
"text": "Roman Holiday was not Hepburn's first acting job, as she had appeared in Dutch and British films from 1948 and on stage, including the title role in the 1951 Broadway adaptation of Gigi."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "was the second most popular film at the US box office during September 1953 behind From Here to Eternity, grossing almost $1 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Roman Holiday earned an estimated $3 million at the United States and Canadian box office during its first few months of release."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film premiered at Radio City Music Hall in New York City on August 27, 1953, grossing $165,000 in its first week."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Audrey Hepburn as a princess out to see Rome on her own and Gregory Peck as a reporter."
}
] |
The 1953 film Roman Holiday stars Gina Lollobrigida.
| 0 | 0 |
Roman Holiday
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation."
}
] |
YopXsJ2vzyry2PWqO6EJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Microsoft | IBM partnership",
"text": "The press quickly identified Microsoft as being very influential on the IBM PC."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "The foundation allows benefactors to access information that shows how its money is being spent, unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Wellcome Trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Microsoft | Management style",
"text": "He gained a reputation for being distant from others; an industry executive complained in 1981 that \"Gates is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for not returning phone calls.\" An Atari executive recalled that he showed Gates a game and defeated him 35 of 37 times."
},
{
"section_header": "Microsoft | Management style",
"text": "That is a competitor\". Gates met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers, and the managers described him as being verbally combative."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-Microsoft",
"text": "He stated that it was within their skill set of being the dominant player, but partially blames the antitrust litigation during the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Microsoft | BASIC",
"text": "Microsoft's Altair BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked out and was being widely copied and distributed."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over $28 billion to charity; the couple plan to eventually donate 95% of their wealth to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the \"William H. Gates Foundation.\" In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Microsoft | Management style",
"text": "Jerry Pournelle wrote in 1985 when Gates announced Microsoft Excel: \"Bill Gates likes the program, not because it's going to make him a lot of money (although I'm sure it will do that), but because it's a neat hack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation."
}
] |
Bill Gates is most recognized for being co-founder of Microsoft.
| 2 | 3 |
Bill Gates
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hunter is unable to hear with her left ear due to a childhood case of the mumps."
}
] |
Yp9lkrqbDfQD7Sb2P1cK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Holly Patricia Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "Hunter became an executive producer, and helped develop a starring vehicle for herself with the TNT cable-network drama Saving Grace, which premiered in July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Broadcast News (1987), and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Firm (1993) and again for Thirteen (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "The film was critically acclaimed along with Hunter and her co-stars and earned her nominations for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "She eventually moved to New York City and roomed with fellow actress Frances McDormand."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "That year, she had her first collaboration with the writing-directing-producing team of brothers Ethan Coen and Joel Coen, in Blood Simple, making an uncredited appearance as a voice on an answering-machine recording."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "Following her second collaboration with Dreyfuss, in Once Around, Hunter garnered critical attention for her work in two 1993 films, resulting in her being nominated for two Academy Awards the same year: Hunter's performance in The Firm won her a nomination as Best Supporting Actress, while her portrayal of a mute Scottish woman entangled in an adulterous affair with Harvey Keitel in Jane Campion's The Piano won her the Best Actress award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Piano, she won the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, and Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Hunter is irreligious. In 2016, Hunter was awarded an Honorary Doctorate degree by her alma mater, Carnegie Mellon University."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Hunter was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Opal Marguerite (née Catledge), a housewife, and Charles Edwin Hunter, a farmer and sporting-goods manufacturer's representative."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hunter is unable to hear with her left ear due to a childhood case of the mumps."
}
] |
American actress and producer Holly Hunter is partially deaf.
| 0 | 0 |
Holly Hunter
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "He was buried in Montmartre Cemetery with his two wives, who were exhumed and re-buried next to him."
}
] |
YplzegjkJhm8Mrwf8hnr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "Les Troyens – a five-act, five-hour opera – was on too large a scale to be acceptable to the management of the Opéra, and Berlioz's efforts to have it staged there failed."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "The latter, consisting of the final three acts of the original, was presented at the Théâtre‐Lyrique, Paris, in November 1863, but even that truncated version was further truncated: during the run of 22 performances, number after number was cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1850s: International success",
"text": "He then spent five years trying to have it staged."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "None of Berlioz's three completed operas were written to commission, and theatre managers were not enthusiastic about staging them."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "a grand statement\". La Damnation de Faust, although not written for the theatre, is sometimes staged as an opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The second, the huge epic Les Troyens (The Trojans), was so large in scale that it was never staged in its entirety during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1850s: International success",
"text": "Having first completed the orchestration of his 1841 song cycle Les Nuits d'été, he began work on Les Troyens –"
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Changing reputation",
"text": "A milestone in the reappraisal of Berlioz's reputation came in 1957, when for the first time a professional opera company staged the original version of The Trojans in a single evening."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "The first, Benvenuto Cellini (1838), inspired by the memoirs of the Florentine sculptor, is an opera semiseria, seldom staged until the 21st century, when there have been signs of a revival in its fortunes, with its first production at the Metropolitan Opera (2003) and a co-production by the English National Opera and the Opéra national de Paris (2014), but it remains the least often produced of the three operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Prose",
"text": "He professed to dislike writing his press pieces, and they undoubtedly took up time that he would have preferred to spend writing music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "He was buried in Montmartre Cemetery with his two wives, who were exhumed and re-buried next to him."
}
] |
After he expired, he was interned without digging up the corpses of either of his previous partners to put them nearer, his final opera having never been staged due to its unacceptable five act, five-hour run time.
| 2 | 5 |
Hector Berlioz
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His death certificate listed the cause of death as \"Hepatitis, acute, cause unknown\"; previously doctors had not reported him to be in critical condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It was hinted in the press that he died of alcoholism (cirrhosis of the liver), an estimation that is now accepted by modern biographers."
}
] |
YpxV0S7wachVx3rFIRg7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Army–McCarthy hearings",
"text": "Based on his recommendation, it decided not to pursue McCarthy on the issue of communists in government: \"The attorney feels it is almost impossible to counter McCarthy effectively on the issue of kicking Communists out of Government, because he generally has some basis, no matter how slight, for his claim of Communist connection."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Tydings Committee",
"text": "McCarthy himself was taken aback by the massive media response to the Wheeling speech, and he was accused of continually revising both his charges and figures."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | \"Joe Must Go\" recall attempt",
"text": "On March 18, 1954 Sauk-Prairie Star editor Leroy Gore of Sauk City, Wisconsin urged the recall of McCarthy in a front-page editorial that ran alongside a sample petition that readers could fill out and mail to the newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | \"Joe Must Go\" recall attempt",
"text": "Following the deadline of June 5, the final number of signatures was never determined because the petitions were sent out of state to avoid a subpoena from the Sauk County district attorney, an ardent McCarthy supporter who was investigating the leaders of the recall campaign on the grounds that they had violated Wisconsin's Corrupt Practices Act."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | \"Joe Must Go\" recall attempt",
"text": "Despite critics' claims that a recall attempt was foolhardy, the \"Joe Must Go\" movement caught fire and was backed by a diverse coalition including other Republican leaders, Democrats, businessmen, farmers and students."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "McCarthy dropped out of junior high school at age 14 to help his parents manage their farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Senate campaign",
"text": "According to Jack Anderson and Ronald W. May, McCarthy's campaign funds, much of them from out of state, were ten times more than La Follette's and McCarthy's vote benefited from a Communist Party vendetta against La Follette."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Bob Hope was one of the first comedians to make jokes about Senator Joe McCarthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture | Post-censure reaction",
"text": "McCarthy was also portrayed by Joe Don Baker in the 1992 HBO film Citizen Cohn."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Fame, notoriety, and personal life",
"text": "McCarthy sought to discredit his critics and political opponents by accusing them of being Communists or communist sympathizers."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His death certificate listed the cause of death as \"Hepatitis, acute, cause unknown\"; previously doctors had not reported him to be in critical condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It was hinted in the press that he died of alcoholism (cirrhosis of the liver), an estimation that is now accepted by modern biographers."
}
] |
Joe McCarthy expired when he was taken out by communist hired guns from the USSR.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe McCarthy
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, Handy did not create the blues genre but was the first to publish music in the blues form, thereby taking the blues from a regional music style (Delta blues) with a limited audience to a new level of popularity."
}
] |
YqpZeaqSe2EuA4LeWyLe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Christopher Handy (November 16, 1873 – March 28, 1958) was a composer and musician who referred to himself as the Father of the Blues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, Handy did not create the blues genre but was the first to publish music in the blues form, thereby taking the blues from a regional music style (Delta blues) with a limited audience to a new level of popularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "It is an early attempt to record, analyze, and describe the blues as an integral part of the South and the history of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Handy's father believed that musical instruments were tools of the devil."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Handy's remarkable memory enabled him to recall and transcribe the music he heard in his travels."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Handy was described as \"the father of jazz as well as the blues.\" Fellow blues performer Jelly Roll Morton wrote an open letter to Downbeat magazine fuming that he had actually invented jazz."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Handy wrote in his 1941 autobiography, Father of the Blues, that he was born in a log cabin built by his grandfather William Wise Handy, who became an African Methodist Episcopal minister after the Emancipation Proclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Around that time, William Hooper Councill, the president of what had become the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes (the same college Handy had refused to teach at in 1892 due to low pay), hired Handy to teach music."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The Joe Smith recording of this song in 1919 became the best-selling recording of Handy's music to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He worked on a \"shovel brigade\" at the McNabb furnace and described the music made by the workers as they beat shovels, altering the tone while thrusting and withdrawing the metal part against the iron buggies to pass the time while waiting for the overfilled furnace to digest its ore."
}
] |
William Christopher Handy's music genre can be described as the Blues.
| 0 | 3 |
W.C. Handy
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift relocated to Nashville, Tennessee in 2004 to pursue a career in music."
}
] |
YrFIXXOBrVyoh42357dW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989, in West Reading, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product endorsements",
"text": "While promoting 1989, Swift had tie-ins with Subway, Keds, Target, Xfinity, and Diet Coke."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Any musician could only dream of a legacy like that."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "She was the highest-paid female musician of the 2010s, placing second on Forbes's list of Top-Earning Musicians of the Decade with earnings of $825 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "Swift won accolades for Taylor Swift."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Musician and producer Jack Antonoff credited Swift for kick-starting his career as a producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift relocated to Nashville, Tennessee in 2004 to pursue a career in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "Taylor Swift was released on October 24, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "\"When Swift was around 12 years old, computer repairman and local musician Ronnie Cremer taught her to play guitar."
}
] |
Taylor Swift is a musician that was born in Virginia.
| 0 | 0 |
Taylor Swift
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Octavius' general, Agrippa, suggests that Antony should marry Octavius's sister, Octavia, in order to cement the friendly bond between the two men."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "He ignores Rome's domestic problems, including the fact that his third wife Fulvia rebelled against Octavius and then died."
}
] |
YrGQcM3yvEGXHNEoizHS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "the \"dead\" Cleopatra, Antony decides that his own life is no longer worth living."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antony and Cleopatra (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Anthonie, and Cleopatra) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Cleopatra kills herself using the venomous bite of an asp, imagining how she will meet Antony again in the afterlife."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes and motifs | Betrayal",
"text": "Antony mends ties with his Roman roots and alliance with Caesar by entering into a marriage with Octavia, however he returns to Cleopatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Octavius' general, Agrippa, suggests that Antony should marry Octavius's sister, Octavia, in order to cement the friendly bond between the two men."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Cleopatra decides that the only way to win back Antony's love is to send him word that she killed herself, dying with his name on her lips."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Selected stage productions",
"text": "1987, Anthony Hopkins and Judi Dench in the title roles at the Royal National Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In Egypt, Cleopatra learns of Antony's marriage to Octavia and takes furious revenge upon the messenger who brings her the news."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Structure: Egypt and Rome | Literary devices used to convey the differences between Rome and Egypt",
"text": "Later we also see Antony's heart-container swells again because it \"o'erflows the measure."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history: changing views of Cleopatra",
"text": "\"These constant shifts in the perception of Cleopatra are well-represented in a review of Estelle Parsons' adaptation of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra at the Interart Theatre in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "He ignores Rome's domestic problems, including the fact that his third wife Fulvia rebelled against Octavius and then died."
}
] |
In Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, Marc Anthony decides to get married again, his fourth marriage overall.
| 0 | 0 |
Antony and Cleopatra
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion."
}
] |
YrgWLKuOCOpGqoAPb89l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the religious factions",
"text": "With these words, the most popular preacher in Paris legitimised in advance the events of St. Bartholomew's Day\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the royal family",
"text": "Over the centuries, the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre has inevitably aroused a great deal of controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "\"The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the events surrounding it were incorporated into D.W. Griffith's film Intolerance (1916)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Who entitled The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacres | Paris",
"text": "The massacre in Paris lasted three days despite the king's attempts to stop it."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Charles IX.The St Bartholomew's Day Massacre is the setting for Tim Willocks' historical novel, The Twelve Children of Paris (Matthias Tannhauser Trilogy:2) (2013), and Ken Follett's book A Column of Fire, published in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacres | In the provinces",
"text": "It has been claimed that the Huguenot community represented as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 7-8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again during the reign of Louis XIV, culminating with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacres | Paris",
"text": "They were ordered to shut the city gates and arm the citizenry to prevent any attempt at a Protestant uprising."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacres | Paris",
"text": "The common people began to hunt Protestants throughout the city, including women and children."
}
] |
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre was a massacre of Protestants by Muslim in the city of Paris.
| 3 | 6 |
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "The search for Amundsen and team was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found."
}
] |
YrtFyiLaKck1ZlYnPKRx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "Amundsen disappeared on 18 June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission in the Arctic."
},
{
"section_header": "North Polar Expeditions and Northeast Passage | Controversy over Polar Priority",
"text": "The three previous claims to have arrived at the North Pole: Frederick Cook in 1908; Robert Peary in 1909; and Richard E. Byrd in 1926 (just a few days before the Norge) are disputed by some, as being either of dubious accuracy or outright fraud."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "They found nothing from the Amundsen flight."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "New York: Dodd, Mead. New York: Dodd, Mead. 1926. OCLC 918183295."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Northwest Passage",
"text": "It had to stop for the winter before going on to Nome on Alaska's Pacific coast."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "The search for Amundsen and team was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "It is believed that the plane crashed in fog in the Barents Sea, and that Amundsen and his crew were killed in the wreck, or died shortly afterward."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | South Pole Expedition",
"text": "The team and 16 dogs arrived at the pole on 14 December, a month before Scott's group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the first expedition proven to have reached the North Pole in a dirigible in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "His team included Norwegian pilot Leif Dietrichson, French pilot René Guilbaud, and three more Frenchmen."
}
] |
Amundsen disappeared before 1926.
| 2 | 6 |
Roald Amundsen
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot revolves around the adventures of a noble (hidalgo) from La Mancha named Alonso Quixano, who reads so many chivalric romances that he loses his mind and decides to become a knight-errant (caballero andante) to revive chivalry and serve his nation, under the name Don Quixote de la Mancha."
}
] |
YsIbE6edSJcUvX5fayqe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The narrator hints that there was a third quest, but says that records of it have been lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 1 | The Second Sally | Return to the inn (Chapters 32–42)",
"text": "A captive from Moorish lands arrives and is asked to tell the story of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 1 | The Second Sally | Return to the inn (Chapters 32–42)",
"text": "A judge arrives, and it is found that the captive is his long-lost brother, and the two are reunited."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 1 | Destruction of Don Quixote's library (Chapters 6 and 7)",
"text": "While Don Quixote is unconscious in his bed, his niece, the housekeeper, the parish curate, and the local barber burn most of his chivalric and other books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 1 | Destruction of Don Quixote's library (Chapters 6 and 7)",
"text": "After the books are dealt with, they seal up the room which contained the library, later telling Don Quixote that it was the action of a wizard (encantador)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Quixote, in the first part of the book, does not see the world for what it is and prefers to imagine that he is living out a knightly story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 2 | The Third Sally",
"text": "After Alonso Quixano dies, the author emphasizes that there are no more adventures to relate and that any further books about Don Quixote would be spurious."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Spelling and pronunciation",
"text": "The Old Castilian of Don Quixote is a humoristic resource—he copies the language spoken in the chivalric books that made him mad; and many times, when he talks nobody is able to understand him because his language is too old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, it was also common practice in that era for fictional works to make some pretense of being factual, such as the common opening line of fairy tales \"Once upon a time in a land far away...\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "so when I first started reading the Quixote I thought it was the most tragic book in the world, and I would read it and weep [...]"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot revolves around the adventures of a noble (hidalgo) from La Mancha named Alonso Quixano, who reads so many chivalric romances that he loses his mind and decides to become a knight-errant (caballero andante) to revive chivalry and serve his nation, under the name Don Quixote de la Mancha."
}
] |
Don Quixote is a book about a donkey and an ogre that lost their land.
| 3 | 6 |
Don Quixote
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "Giants teammate Bill Cunningham claimed that the nickname was based on Wilson's resemblance to Hack Miller, an outfielder with the Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "Multiple stories exist to explain the origin of Wilson's nickname: By one account, a New York newspaper held a nicknaming contest; the winning entry was \"Hack\" because he reminded many fans of another stocky athlete, the popular wrestler Georg Hackenschmidt."
}
] |
YswNFPlWsmUZW7QMaxd7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "A Martinsburg street is named Hack Wilson Way in his honor, and the access road to a large city park within his home town, Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, is known as Hack Wilson Drive."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "Joe could be strict and stern with his players ... but he never was with Hack, and Hack repaid him by playing as he never had before, nor would again."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "A granite tombstone was unveiled, with the inscription, \"One of Baseball's Immortals, Lewis R. (Hack) Wilson, Rests Here."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "If anyone tries to tell you different, tell them the story of Hack Wilson. ... Kids in and out of baseball who think because they have talent they have the world by the tail."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "In another version, McGraw is said to have remarked that Wilson's physique was reminiscent of a \"hack\" (slang for taxicab in that era)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "The New York Times printed the first documented usage of \"Hack\" on June 10, 1924.Early in the 1925 season"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "Giants teammate Bill Cunningham claimed that the nickname was based on Wilson's resemblance to Hack Miller, an outfielder with the Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "\"Better than any other manager,\" wrote sportswriter Frank Graham, \"Joe understood Hack, made allowances for him when he failed, and rewarded him with praise when he did well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lewis Robert \"Hack\" Wilson (April 26, 1900 – November 23, 1948) was an American Major League Baseball player who played 12 seasons for the New York Giants, Chicago Cubs, Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In a 12-year major league career, Wilson played in 1,348 games and accumulated 1,461 hits in 4,760 at-bats for a .307 career batting average and a .395 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "Multiple stories exist to explain the origin of Wilson's nickname: By one account, a New York newspaper held a nicknaming contest; the winning entry was \"Hack\" because he reminded many fans of another stocky athlete, the popular wrestler Georg Hackenschmidt."
}
] |
Hack Wilson got his name from the way he would hack downwards, as if chopping wood, when at bat.
| 1 | 3 |
Hack Wilson
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was best known for his stage work, as well as his portrayals of the prosecutor Claude Dancer in Anatomy of a Murder (1959), General Buck Turgidson in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove (1964), General George S. Patton in the film Patton (1970), and Ebenezer Scrooge in Clive Donner's film"
}
] |
YtGzHyO3WlERR45o8RNY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Early performances",
"text": "Scott first rose to prominence for his work with Joseph Papp's New York Shakespeare Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Campbell Scott (October 18, 1927 – September 22, 1999) was an American stage and film actor, director and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Final performances",
"text": "Scott made his last film, the TV movie Inherit the Wind (1999), portraying Matthew Harrison Brady (ironically opposite the role he had played on stage) with Jack Lemmon as Henry Drummond, with whom he had also worked in 12 Angry Men."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Patton",
"text": "Best Picture Oscar for Patton was given to the George C. Marshall Foundation Library at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia, the same institution that generations of Pattons attended, by producer Frank McCarthy a few weeks after the awards ceremony, and is on display there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was best known for his stage work, as well as his portrayals of the prosecutor Claude Dancer in Anatomy of a Murder (1959), General Buck Turgidson in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove (1964), General George S. Patton in the film Patton (1970), and Ebenezer Scrooge in Clive Donner's film"
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Early 1970s roles",
"text": "Scott then focused on movies for a while."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Stardom",
"text": "As a compromise, Kubrick had Scott go over the top in rehearsal, assuring Scott that the cameras were off, which was untrue."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Return to theatre",
"text": "In 1986, on Broadway, Scott did The Boys in Autumn in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Final performances",
"text": "Scott was replaced by Robert Conrad after his death in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadway and film career | Final performances",
"text": "Scott had a reputation for being moody and mercurial while on the set."
}
] |
Scott was most popular for his work as a producer.
| 0 | 1 |
George C. Scott
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Slogans",
"text": "The Next Is Now Samsung, The Next Big Thing is Here (2013–2017) Do bigger things"
}
] |
YtoIEMONBoC7Ko1iwkMQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Slogans",
"text": "Samsung Galaxy (electronic sports) Samsung For Today and Tomorrow (1993–2002) Samsung, Everyone's Invited (1999–2005) Samsung, Imagine (2005–2007) Samsung"
},
{
"section_header": "Slogans",
"text": ", Next Is What? (2007–2010) Samsung, Turn on Tomorrow (2010–2011) That's the wonder of Samsung (2010–2011) Samsung,"
},
{
"section_header": "Slogans",
"text": "The Next Is Now Samsung, The Next Big Thing is Here (2013–2017) Do bigger things"
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Speakers",
"text": "In 2017, Samsung acquired Harman International."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Consumer products",
"text": "On 10 March 2017, the acquisition was completed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Consumer products",
"text": "On 6 April 2017, Samsung Electronics reported that financials were up for the company in the quarter."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Semiconductors",
"text": "Samsung eventually surpassed Intel to become the world's largest semiconductor company in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Semiconductors",
"text": "Samsung Electronics has been the world's largest memory chip manufacturer since 1993, and the largest semiconductor company since 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Printers",
"text": "They exited the printer business and sold their printer division to HP in Fall 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Mobile phones",
"text": "By 2013 Samsung had dropped all operating systems except Android and Windows Phone."
}
] |
Samsung Electronics' slogan from 2013 to 2017 was Hustle Harder.
| 0 | 0 |
Samsung Electronics
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1995 film, by Claude Lelouch, starring Jean-Paul Belmondo"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1998 film, starring Liam Neeson and Geoffrey Rush."
}
] |
YtuI5mCpHkD3gp6heVc2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "Laura Kalpakian's Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables was published in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1998 film, starring Liam Neeson and Geoffrey Rush."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "ISBN 978-0141393599 Since its original publication, Les Misérables has been the subject of a large number of adaptations in numerous types of media, such as books, films, musicals, plays and games."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1995 film, by Claude Lelouch, starring Jean-Paul Belmondo"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables has been popularized through numerous adaptations for film, television and the stage, including a musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1958 film adaptation directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois, with an international cast starring Jean Gabin, Bernard Blier, and Bourvil."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1978 television film adaptation, starring Richard Jordan and Anthony Perkins."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1952 film adaptation directed by Lewis Milestone, starring Michael Rennie and Robert Newton."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1982 film adaptation, directed by Robert Hossein, starring Lino Ventura and Michel Bouquet."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Called \"the most memorable film version\", it was filmed in East Germany and was overtly political."
}
] |
Les Misérables has had many adaptions like a 1995 and 1998 film.
| 0 | 5 |
Les Misérables
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Posthumously, he has been referred to by some Catholics as \"St. John Paul the Great\", although the title has no official recognition."
}
] |
YuILCPzz5CXEIImjafO5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "St. John Paul II Minor Seminary, Minor Seminary in Antipolo City, Philippines"
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "Pope John Paul II High School (Tennessee) John Paul the Great Catholic University"
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversy | Banco Ambrosiano scandal",
"text": "The Vatican Bank was Banco Ambrosiano's main shareholder, and the death of Pope John Paul I in 1978 is rumoured to be linked to the Ambrosiano scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "Pope John Paul II High School in Olympia, Washington"
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "John Paul the Great Catholic High School (Indiana) Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School (Virginia) Scoil Eoin Phóil, Leixlip, Ireland"
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral | Final months",
"text": "Pope John Paul II was hospitalised with breathing problems caused by a bout of influenza on 1 February 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "St. John Paul II Parish Community (Lake View, NY) St. John Paul II High School (Hyannis, MA) Saint John Paul II Academy Boca Raton, FL"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected pope by the second papal conclave of 1978, which was called after Pope John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after 33 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "John Paul II Gymnasium, Kaunas, Lithuania"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Posthumously, he has been referred to by some Catholics as \"St. John Paul the Great\", although the title has no official recognition."
}
] |
Pope John Paul II, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005, has been called "St. John Paul the Great" but this name has no official status.
| 0 | 4 |
Pope John Paul II
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dr Callendar medicates Adela with a hypodermic syringe."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Adela is bleeding and delirious."
}
] |
YucvPKk49dvIBLIfQgyj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mrs Moore encourages Adela and Aziz to continue their exploration of the caves alone with just one guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Brabourne, an admirer of the film Doctor Zhivago, wanted David Lean to direct the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In March 1981, Brabourne and Goodwin obtained the rights to make a film adaptation of A Passage to India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Passage to India is a 1984 epic historical drama film written, directed and edited by David Lean."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "The films were A Passage to India (1984), Morons from Outer Space, Dreamchild, Wild Geese II and The Holcroft Covenant (all 1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "A Passage to India sold well and was widely praised in literary circles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Lean commented: “We are blessed with a fine movie title, A Passage to India."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times observed that \"Forster's novel is one of the literary landmarks of this century, and now David Lean has made it into one of the greatest screen adaptations I have ever seen . . ."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "A Passage to India deals with the delicate balance between the English and the Indians during the British Raj."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"As of February 2020, A Passage to India holds a rating of 79% from 24 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dr Callendar medicates Adela with a hypodermic syringe."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Adela is bleeding and delirious."
}
] |
In the film A Passage to India, one of the doctors sedates Adela.
| 0 | 0 |
A Passage to India (film)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children",
"text": "When Genghis Khan set out on his military conquests he usually took one wife with him and left the rest of his wives (and concubines) to manage the empire in his absence."
}
] |
YvLsbTES8LVKdOyIQlz9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Western Xia and Jin Dynasty",
"text": "The vassal emperor of the Tanguts (Western Xia) had earlier refused to take part in the Mongol war against the Khwarezmid Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Perceptions | Positive | In Mongolia",
"text": "In Mongolia today, Genghis Khan's name and likeness appear on products, streets, buildings, and other places."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Qara Khitai",
"text": "Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug, possibly to take him out of power."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Western Xia and Jin Dynasty",
"text": "Genghis Khan, after conquering Deshun, went to Liupanshan (Qingshui County, Gansu Province) to escape the severe summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Möge Khatun",
"text": "and she later became a wife of his son Ögedei Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Western Xia Dynasty",
"text": "Genghis Khan organized his people, army, and his state to first prepare for war with Western Xia, or Xi Xia, which was close to the Mongolian lands."
},
{
"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Börte",
"text": "She was given to one of their warriors as a spoil of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Uniting the Mongol confederations | Rift with Toghrul",
"text": "This was disrespectful in Mongolian culture and led to a war."
},
{
"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children | Börte",
"text": "he had the pair \"united as man and wife\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children",
"text": "When Genghis Khan set out on his military conquests he usually took one wife with him and left the rest of his wives (and concubines) to manage the empire in his absence."
}
] |
Genghis Khan liked to take a wife with him when he went to war.
| 0 | 0 |
Genghis Khan
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election."
}
] |
Yvo4jd7WnfqzedRemTqp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidential campaigns | 2000 presidential candidacy | Primary",
"text": "The New York Times described it as a smear campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Art",
"text": "The net proceeds from his book are donated to the George W. Bush Presidential Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Publications and appearances",
"text": "Subsequently, Bush gave a speech in New York where he noted of the current political climate, \"Bigotry seems emboldened."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Collaborations",
"text": "The Bushes joined the Obamas in New York City to mark the tenth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (2001–2009) | Cultural and political image | Domestic | Image",
"text": "In an interview with Playboy, The New York Times columnist David Brooks said Bush \"was 60 IQ points smarter in private than he was in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (2001–2009) | Judicial appointments | Other courts",
"text": "Debate during one confirmation session lasted \"39 stupefying hours\" according to The New York Times."
},
{
"section_header": "In mass culture",
"text": "W. (2008) – a biographical drama film directed by Oliver Stone, in which George W. Bush is portrayed by Josh Brolin. Vice (2018) – a biographical comedy-drama film written and directed by Adam McKay, in which George W. Bush is portrayed by Sam Rockwell, who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Reception",
"text": "The George W. Bush presidency has been ranked among the worst in surveys of presidential scholars published in the late 2000s and 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (2001–2009) | Foreign policy",
"text": "After the September 11 attacks on New York, Bush launched the War on Terror, in which the United States military and a small international coalition invaded Afghanistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the Bush family, his father, George H. W. Bush, served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election."
}
] |
George W. Bush co-owned the New York Yankees.
| 1 | 2 |
George W. Bush
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Assessment | Historical significance",
"text": "The improved capability of naval forces was also demonstrated."
}
] |
YvvBS7MBxabEElV6r3pe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)",
"text": "The first war Japan fought was the First Sino-Japanese War, fought in 1894 and 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "In December 1903, China decided to remain neutral if war came, because though Japan was the only power capable of evicting Russia from Manchuria, the extent of Japanese ambitions in Manchuria was not clear in Beijing."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment | Military results",
"text": "His reforms were credited with Japan's overwhelming victory over China in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign of 1905 | Battle of Mukden",
"text": "Although the Battle of Mukden was a major defeat for the Russians and was the most decisive land battle ever fought by the Japanese, the final victory still depended on the navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace and aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "China suffered 20,000 civilian deaths, and financially the loss amounted to over 69 million taels' worth of silver."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)",
"text": "Between the Meiji Restoration and its participation in World War I, the Empire of Japan fought in two significant wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "Hu Weide, the Chinese minister in St. Petersburg in a series of reports to Beijing looked closely at whether a Russian or a Japanese victory would be favorable to China, and argued that the latter was preferable, as he maintained a Japanese victory presented the better chance for China to regain sovereignty over Manchuria."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)",
"text": "China objected and war ensued."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Russo-Japanese War (Russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, romanized: Rússko-yapónskaya voyná; Japanese: 日露戦争, romanized: Nichiro sensō, \"Japanese-Russian War\") was fought during 1904 and 1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "Recognition on the part of Russia of the exclusive right of Japan to give advice and assistance in the interest of reform and good government in Korea, including necessary military assistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment | Historical significance",
"text": "The improved capability of naval forces was also demonstrated."
}
] |
The Russo-Japanese war, being fought over territory in continental China, remained exclusively land and air-based.
| 0 | 0 |
Russo-Japanese War
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention."
}
] |
Yvyd5fOcW5lK1YuiKSos
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time of the National Women's Rights Convention of 1851, the issue of women's right to vote had become a central tenet of the United States women's rights movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "Unlike the Seneca Falls convention, the Rochester convention took the controversial step of electing a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Political gains",
"text": "\" At this convention, five votes were placed calling for Lucretia Mott to be Smith's vice-president—the first time in the United States that a woman was suggested for federal executive office."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Quaker influence",
"text": "Many members of the Religious Society of Friends, known as Quakers, made their homes in western New York state, near Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Stanton, however, had played a key role at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, at which Stone had not been present."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Remembrances",
"text": "A stamp was issued in 1948 in remembrance of the Seneca Falls Convention, featuring Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Lucretia Mott as part of a Centennial Celebration in Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Remembrances",
"text": "The park consists of four major historical properties, including the Wesleyan Methodist Church, which was the site of the Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton's home, and the M'Clintock House, which was where the Declaration of Sentiments, resolutions, and speeches were drawn up for the Seneca Falls Convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "According to Lisa Tetrault, a professor of women's history, the Seneca Falls Convention was central to their rendition of the movement's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Planning | Declaration, grievances, resolutions",
"text": "Because he intended to run for elective office, he left Seneca Falls to avoid being connected with a convention promoting such an unpopular cause."
}
] |
Seneca Falls Convention was the founding location for the United States Marines.
| 0 | 0 |
Seneca Falls Convention
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "The sword carried by the Republic in the Marseillaise relief broke off on the day, it is said, that the Battle of Verdun began in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "The relief was immediately hidden by tarpaulins to conceal the accident and avoid any undesired ominous interpretations."
}
] |
YwBgwuBh9SNNd3umipSZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "The sword carried by the Republic in the Marseillaise relief broke off on the day, it is said, that the Battle of Verdun began in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "The relief was immediately hidden by tarpaulins to conceal the accident and avoid any undesired ominous interpretations."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Another 40 steps remain to climb in order to reach the top, the terrasse, from where one can enjoy a panoramic view of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "It burns in memory of the dead who were never identified (now in both world wars)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "Also inscribed, on the shorter sides of the four supporting columns, are the names of the major French victories in the Napoleonic Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "This group served as a recruitment tool in the early months of World War I and encouraged the French to invest in war loans in 1915–1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "It remained there only four years before falling in ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The names of some great battles of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars are engraved on the attic, including"
}
] |
A sword in one of the reliefs on the arc broke before a major battle in World War I, and the damage was hidden from the public.
| 0 | 8 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legal career | National renown | Scopes Trial",
"text": "It has often been called the \"Scopes Monkey Trial,\" a title popularized by author and journalist H.L. Mencken."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He defended high-profile clients in many famous trials of the early 20th century, including teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb for murdering 14-year-old Robert \"Bobby\" Franks (1924); teacher John T. Scopes in the Scopes \"Monkey\" Trial (1925), in which he opposed statesman and orator William Jennings Bryan; and Ossian Sweet in a racially-charged self-defense case (1926)."
}
] |
YwTgETl3FmwYIA7D4efo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clarence Seward Darrow (; April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer who became famous in the early 20th century for his involvement in the Leopold and Loeb murder trial and the Scopes \"Monkey\" Trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | National renown | Scopes Trial",
"text": "It has often been called the \"Scopes Monkey Trial,\" a title popularized by author and journalist H.L. Mencken."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | National renown | Scopes Trial",
"text": "In 1925, Darrow defended John T. Scopes in the State of Tennessee v. Scopes trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career",
"text": "Darrow was well-involved in Chicago's Democratic politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Other",
"text": "A statue of Darrow stands outside the Rhea County Courthouse in Dayton, Tennessee, site of the 1925 Scopes Trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | National renown | Scopes Trial",
"text": "The trial, which was deliberately staged to bring publicity to the issue at hand, pitted Darrow against William Jennings Bryan in a court case that tested Tennessee's Butler Act, which had been passed on March 21, 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He defended high-profile clients in many famous trials of the early 20th century, including teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb for murdering 14-year-old Robert \"Bobby\" Franks (1924); teacher John T. Scopes in the Scopes \"Monkey\" Trial (1925), in which he opposed statesman and orator William Jennings Bryan; and Ossian Sweet in a racially-charged self-defense case (1926)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Plays",
"text": "Though the authors note that the 1925 trial was \"clearly the genesis\" of their play, they insist that the characters had \"life and language of their own."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career",
"text": "There he became involved in Democratic Party politics and served as the town counsel."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | National renown | Ossian Sweet",
"text": "The two closing arguments of Clarence Darrow, from the first and second trials, show how he learned from the first trial and reshaped his remarks."
}
] |
Clarence Darrow was heavily involved in the monkey trial of 1925.
| 0 | 0 |
Clarence Darrow
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming began on June 26, 1997, and ended on September 30 of that year, primarily taking place at Leavesden Film Studios in England."
}
] |
YwYjA14wjz6vJYRTLJxT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Phantom Menace was the final Star Wars film to be shot on 35mm film until Episode VII (Star Wars: The Force Awakens)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "As with previous Star Wars films, Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace's score was composed and conducted by John Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was Lucas' first directorial effort after a 22-year hiatus following Star Wars in 1977.The Phantom Menace was released in theaters on May 19, 1999, almost 16 years after the premiere of the previous Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Maul, who appears to die in The Phantom Menace, was resurrected for the animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and also appears in Star Wars Rebels and Solo: A Star Wars Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Adaptations",
"text": "The podracing tie-in Star Wars Episode"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Like previous Star Wars films, The Phantom Menace makes several references to historical events and films that George Lucas watched in his youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Star Wars: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space-opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm, distributed by 20th Century Fox and stars Liam Neeson, Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Jake Lloyd, Ian McDiarmid, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, Pernilla August, and Frank Oz."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Andrew Johnston of Time Out New York wrote, \"Let's face it: no film could ever match the expectations some have for Episode I – The Phantom Menace."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | 3D re-release",
"text": "These would be re-released in episode order, beginning with The Phantom Menace, which was released to cinemas on February 10, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The release on May 19, 1999 of the first new Star Wars film in 16 years was accompanied by a considerable amount of attention."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming began on June 26, 1997, and ended on September 30 of that year, primarily taking place at Leavesden Film Studios in England."
}
] |
Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace was filmed over the course of two years.
| 1 | 2 |
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The airport was opened on 25 March 1946 as London Airport and was renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966."
}
] |
Yx9mddn0sVtjherdFQ5i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 5",
"text": "It opened to the public on 27 March 2008, and British Airways and its partner company Iberia have exclusive use of this terminal."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The airport was opened on 25 March 1946 as London Airport and was renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "However, the Airports Inquiries of 1981–83 and the 1985 Airports Policy White Paper considered further expansion and, following a four-year-long public inquiry in 1995–99, Terminal 5 was approved."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "The earliest opening year would be 2025."
},
{
"section_header": "Access | Public transport | Train",
"text": "London Underground (Piccadilly line): four stations serve the airport: Terminal 2 & 3, Terminal 4 and Terminal 5 serve the passenger terminals; Hatton Cross serves the maintenance areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "This decision followed the 2003 white paper on the future of air transport in the UK, and a public consultation in November 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Former terminals | Terminal 1",
"text": "Terminal 1 opened in 1968 and was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II in April 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "The airport's newest terminal, officially known as the Queen's Terminal, was opened on 4 June 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "The main complex was completed in November 2013 and underwent six months of testing before opening to passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | New transport proposals",
"text": "This mainline rail service is due to be extended to central London and Essex when the Elizabeth line, currently under construction, opens."
}
] |
This airport has been open to the public since the 1940s.
| 0 | 0 |
Heathrow Airport
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition: the story of Prometheus and Pandora, and the so-called Myth of Five Ages."
}
] |
YxFGGRnd04DKLC1ESkQa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "pp. 147–63. Peabody, Berkley, The Winged Word: A Study in the Technique of Ancient Greek Oral Composition as Seen Principally Through Hesiod's Works and Days, State University of New York Press, 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition: the story of Prometheus and Pandora, and the so-called Myth of Five Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "following few hundred verses—by far the most famous portion of the poem—comprise a series of mythological examples and gnomic statements outlining Hesiod's conception of justice and the necessity of work with the ostensible goal of persuading Perses to follow a proper path in life."
}
] |
It is studied for its mythological themes.
| 0 | 0 |
Works and Days
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes is a play written by George Bernard Shaw, first published in 1919 and first played at the Garrick Theatre in November 1920."
}
] |
YxMJAll0COUBTKTDHIx1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Heartbreak House, Great Catherine, and playlets about the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "Heartbreak House is thus a redistillation of Chekhov and at the same time a passing beyond him, for Chekhov's world is static and directionless."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Play in performance",
"text": "Heartbreak House is not often performed due to its complex structure; however it is argued that the genius of the play cannot be fully appreciated without seeing it in performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes is a play written by George Bernard Shaw, first published in 1919 and first played at the Garrick Theatre in November 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Society",
"text": "Shaw divides the Edwardian upper-class into two facets: the traditional country-based gentry and aristocracy (those of Horseback Hall) and the rentier upper middle-class (those of Heartbreak House)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The house is built in the shape of the stern of a ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "Louis Kronenberger says that Shaw \"turns Chekhov into a sort of literary Hyde Park soapbox dialectic for the theatre... We should be brow-beaten indeed to accept the idea that in Heartbreak House there is more than the merest hint or tiny reflection of Chekhov's true method, none of that pure, pains-taking economy and drawing, none of that humility of vision, none of that shy certainty of intuition."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Society",
"text": "The house could arguably be a metaphorical reference to a ship which must be guided capably, not only by its crew, but also its passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Society",
"text": "Each character in the house represents to some degree a facet of Edwardian British society, Mangan being the nouveau riche capitalist,"
}
] |
Heartbreak House was premiered in the 1950s.
| 2 | 3 |
Heartbreak House
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System."
}
] |
YxjXhC43D2lqBIMFySHy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Exploration",
"text": "The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere",
"text": "The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate | Internal heating",
"text": "Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, and lies over 50% farther from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Status",
"text": "When Pluto was discovered, it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the second-farthest-known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer than Neptune to the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Orbital resonances",
"text": "If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will only complete half an orbit by the time Neptune returns to its original position."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate | Internal heating",
"text": "As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation",
"text": "Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, on 11 July Neptune was also not at its exact discovery position in relation to the Sun; if the more common heliocentric coordinate system is used, the discovery longitude was reached on 12 July 2011.The elliptical orbit of Neptune is inclined 1.77° compared to that of Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 AU (4.5 billion km; 2.8 billion mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "As Neptune slowly moves towards the opposite side of the Sun, the south pole will be darkened and the north pole illuminated, causing the methane release to shift to the north pole."
}
] |
Neptune is the closest planet to the sun.
| 0 | 0 |
Neptune
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Beginnings to the 1960s",
"text": "Already seen as outsiders by their classmates, Hackman and Hoffman were voted \"The Least Likely To Succeed\", and Hackman got the lowest score the Pasadena Playhouse had yet given."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beginnings to the 1960s",
"text": "To support himself between acting jobs, Hackman was working as a uniformed doorman at a Howard Johnson restaurant when, as luck would have it, he encountered an instructor from the Pasadena Playhouse, who told him, \"See, Hackman"
}
] |
Yy2IVKRricHvAN1PRHOg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Allen Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nominated for five Academy Awards, Hackman won Best Actor for his role as Jimmy \"Popeye\" Doyle in the critically acclaimed thriller The French Connection (1971), and"
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Hackman lived briefly in Storm Lake, Iowa, and spent his sophomore year at Storm Lake High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement from acting",
"text": "In 2008, while promoting his third novel, he confirmed that he had retired from acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement from acting",
"text": "On July 7, 2004, Hackman gave a rare interview to Larry King, where he announced that he had no future film projects lined up and believed his acting career was over."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-0-312-36373-4. Hackman, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-1-451-62356-7. Hackman, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beginnings to the 1960s",
"text": "In 1956, Hackman began pursuing an acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Works or publications",
"text": "ISBN 978-1-557-04398-6. Hackman, Gene, and Daniel Lenihan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beginnings to the 1960s",
"text": "Already seen as outsiders by their classmates, Hackman and Hoffman were voted \"The Least Likely To Succeed\", and Hackman got the lowest score the Pasadena Playhouse had yet given."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beginnings to the 1960s",
"text": "To support himself between acting jobs, Hackman was working as a uniformed doorman at a Howard Johnson restaurant when, as luck would have it, he encountered an instructor from the Pasadena Playhouse, who told him, \"See, Hackman"
}
] |
Gene Hackman, famed American author and actor, was savagely criticized by his peers and teachers in acting school.
| 1 | 2 |
Gene Hackman
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Trevor William Hoffman (born October 13, 1967) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher, who played 18 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2010."
}
] |
YyMBTohAkS7s7RfMQ9sT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2007–2008",
"text": "Hoffman reached 20 or more saves for the 14th time to set a new MLB record."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoffman recorded 20 saves in 1994 in his first season as Padres closer, and in the following years, he became the face of the franchise after Tony Gwynn retired."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoffman retired with MLB records of fifteen 20-save seasons, fourteen 30-save seasons (including eight consecutive), and nine 40-save seasons (including two streaks of four consecutive)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010",
"text": "He had already increased his record of 20 or more saves to 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Trevor William Hoffman (born October 13, 1967) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher, who played 18 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1993–1995",
"text": "Hoffman recorded 20 saves and a 2.57 ERA while averaging 10.9 strikeouts per 9 innings pitched (K/9)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1996–1998",
"text": "Hoffman won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award and captured another Fireman of the Year Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | Retirement",
"text": "Hoffman retired with 601 saves as the all-time saves leader in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010",
"text": "Historically though, Hoffman had blown 20 of 84 save attempts in April for his career, a 76.1 percent success rate, while converting 90.6 percent the rest of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | Retirement",
"text": "Hoffman had received three cortisone injections that year with the Brewers."
}
] |
Hoffman played MLB for 20 years.
| 2 | 8 |
Trevor Hoffman
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Ten: Boys",
"text": "Boys continues the story of the schoolboys and Ilyusha last referred to in Book Four."
}
] |
YydYvzZqBzxBXWSPzrvx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov",
"text": "In the chapter \"Rebellion\" (Bk. 5, Ch. 4), he says to Alyosha: \"It's not God that I don't accept, Alyosha, only I most respectfully return him the ticket.\" Ivan's relationship with his father and brothers is rather superficial in the beginning."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "В Тобольске), is considered to be the first draft of the first chapter of The Brothers Karamazov."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Ten: Boys",
"text": "Boys continues the story of the schoolboys and Ilyusha last referred to in Book Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The similarly unfinished Sorokoviny (Сороковины), dated 1 August 1875, is reflected in book IX, chapter 3–5 and book XI, chapter nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov",
"text": "The narrator identifies him as the hero of the novel in the opening chapter, as does the author in the preface."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Five: Pro and Contra",
"text": "In the chapter titled \"Rebellion\", Ivan proclaims that he rejects the world that God has created because it is built on a foundation of suffering."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Thirteen: The Brothers Karamazov",
"text": "The novel concludes at Ilyusha's funeral, where Ilyusha's schoolboy friends listen to Alyosha's \"Speech by the Stone\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Book Five: Pro and Contra",
"text": "In perhaps the most famous chapter in the novel, \"The Grand Inquisitor\", Ivan narrates to Alyosha his imagined poem that describes an encounter between a leader from the Spanish Inquisition and Jesus, who has made his return to Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Ilyusha",
"text": "Ilyusha (a.k.a. Ilyushechka, or simply Ilusha in some translations) is one of the local schoolboys, and the central figure of a crucial subplot in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov",
"text": "Some of the most memorable and acclaimed passages of the novel involve Ivan, including the chapter \"Rebellion\", his \"poem\" \"The Grand Inquisitor\" immediately following, the three conversations with Smerdyakov, and his nightmare of the devil (Bk. 11, Ch. 9)."
}
] |
The tenth chapter is about the brothers and their friend Ilyusha and is a continuation of chapter 4.
| 0 | 0 |
The Brothers Karamazov
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Kings Mountain was a military engagement between Patriot and Loyalist militias in South Carolina during the Southern Campaign of the American Revolutionary War, resulting in a decisive victory for the Patriots."
}
] |
YyoHaxG4ViolTwcKeVOI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "No one in the Patriot army held command once the fighting started."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the Patriots caught up with the Loyalists at Kings Mountain near the border with South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "Needing to hurry, the Patriot militia put 900 men on horseback and rode for Kings Mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The Battle of Kings Mountain lasted 65 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "The Loyalists camped on a ridge west of Kings Pinnacle, the highest point on Kings Mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "The Overmountain Men crossed Roan Mountain the next day, and proceeded in a southerly direction for about thirteen days in anticipation of fighting the British Loyalist forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Kings Mountain was a pivotal moment in the history of the American Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "By sunrise of the 7th, they forded the Broad River, fifteen miles from Kings Mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Kings Mountain was a military engagement between Patriot and Loyalist militias in South Carolina during the Southern Campaign of the American Revolutionary War, resulting in a decisive victory for the Patriots."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In 1931, the Congress of the United States created the Kings Mountain National Military Park at the site of the battle."
}
] |
Battle of Kings Mountain was a fight in America that the Patriots won.
| 2 | 6 |
Battle of Kings Mountain
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Decameron (; Italian: Decameron [deˈkaːmeron, dekameˈrɔn, -ˈron] or Decamerone [dekameˈroːne]), subtitled Prince Galehaut (Old Italian: Prencipe Galeotto [ˈprentʃipe ɡaleˈɔtto, ˈprɛn-]) and sometimes nicknamed l'Umana commedia (\"the Human comedy\"), is a collection of novellas by the 14th-century Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375)."
}
] |
Z0EMIUtKg7ZLB5YlUFzj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "References to the Decameron",
"text": "The title character in George Eliot's historical novel Romola emulates Gostanza in tale V, 2, by buying a small boat and drifting out to sea to die, after she realizes that she no longer has anyone on whom she can depend."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sources",
"text": "Most of the stories take place in the 14th century and have been sufficiently updated to the author's time that a reader may not know that they had been written centuries earlier or in a foreign culture."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the Decameron",
"text": "Season 1, episode 5 (2013) of the American TV series"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Decameron (; Italian: Decameron [deˈkaːmeron, dekameˈrɔn, -ˈron] or Decamerone [dekameˈroːne]), subtitled Prince Galehaut (Old Italian: Prencipe Galeotto [ˈprentʃipe ɡaleˈɔtto, ˈprɛn-]) and sometimes nicknamed l'Umana commedia (\"the Human comedy\"), is a collection of novellas by the 14th-century Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sources",
"text": "Some were already centuries old."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "Molière borrowed from tale VII, 4 in his play George Dandin ou le Mari confondu (The Confounded Husband)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Prose works",
"text": "The story of Griselda (X, 10) was also the basis for the 1694 verse novel Griseldis by Charles Perrault, later included in his 1697 collection"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sources",
"text": "For example, part of the tale of Andreuccio of Perugia (II, 5) originated in 2nd-century Ephesus (in the Ephesian Tale)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "Lope de Vega adapted at least twelve stories from the Decameron for the theatre, including: El ejemplo de casadas y prueba de la paciencia, based on tale X, 10, which was by far the most popular story of the Decameron during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries Discreta enamorada, based on tale III,"
},
{
"section_header": "References to the Decameron",
"text": "Christine de Pizan refers to several of the stories from The Decameron in her work"
}
] |
The 14th century novel series Decameron is George Eliot.
| 0 | 7 |
Decameron
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity."
}
] |
Z0grMlQsxHc7QeAeBLiE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Noble gases are commonly used in lighting because of their lack of chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "The noble gases show extremely low chemical reactivity; consequently, only a few hundred noble gas compounds have been formed."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1902, having accepted the evidence for the elements helium and argon, Dmitri Mendeleev included these noble gases as group 0 in his arrangement of the elements, which would later become the periodic table."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and atomic properties",
"text": "Noble gases have the largest ionization potential among the elements of each period, which reflects the stability of their electron configuration and is related to their relative lack of chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "In 1993, it was discovered that when C60, a spherical molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms, is exposed to noble gases at high pressure, complexes such as He@C60 can be formed (the @ notation indicates He is contained inside C60 but not covalently bound to it)."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "This represents a localization of charge that is facilitated by the high electronegativity of fluorine."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "The reactivity follows the order"
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "In theory, radon is more reactive than xenon, and therefore should form chemical bonds more easily than xenon does."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name makes an analogy to the term \"noble metals\", which also have low reactivity."
}
] |
Most noble gases have a high chemical reactivity.
| 0 | 0 |
Noble gas
|
NOCAT
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Appearance and personality",
"text": "\" Rodrigo Borgia was also an intelligent man with an appreciation for the arts and sciences and an immense amount of respect for the Church."
}
] |
Z0q9L7fJj3nyNp49iJiO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In addition to the arts, Alexander VI also encouraged the development of education."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Alexander VI was known for his patronage of the arts, and in his days a new architectural era was initiated in Rome with the coming of Bramante."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "In March 2005, Heavy Metal published the first of a three-part graphic novel biography of Alexander VI entitled Borgia, written by Alexandro Jodorowsky with art by Milo Manara."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1492, Rodrigo was elected Pope, taking the name Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "\" The Venetian ambassador stated that the body was \"the ugliest, most monstrous and horrible dead body that was ever seen, without any form or likeness of humanity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "As for his true faults, known only to his confessor, Pope Alexander VI apparently died genuinely repentant."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "Spanish author Javier Sierra writes of Pope Alexander VI in his novel, The Secret Supper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja (Valencian: Roderic Llançol i de Borja"
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "The Orsini remained very powerful, and Pope Alexander VI could count on none but his 3,000 Spanish troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearance and personality",
"text": "\" Rodrigo Borgia was also an intelligent man with an appreciation for the arts and sciences and an immense amount of respect for the Church."
}
] |
Pope Alexander VI did like arts.
| 2 | 6 |
Pope Alexander VI
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "R.E.M. is well known as an initialism for rapid eye movement, the dream stage of sleep; however, sleep researcher"
}
] |
Z0uCzSgWnlbkTvf6fK7R
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "After considering names such as Cans of Piss, Negro Eyes, and Twisted Kites, the band settled on \"R.E.M.\", which Stipe selected at random from a dictionary."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "Dr. Rafael Pelayo reports that when his colleague Dr. William Dement, the sleep scientist who coined the term REM, reached out to the band, Dr. Dement was told that the band was named \"not after REM sleep\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "R.E.M. We had to keep an eye on what those guys were up to."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1997–2006: Continuing as three-piece with mixed success",
"text": "The film took its title from the Automatic for the People song of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "R.E.M. is well known as an initialism for rapid eye movement, the dream stage of sleep; however, sleep researcher"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1997: International breakout and alternative rock stardom",
"text": "After the Green tour, the band members unofficially decided to take the following year off, the first extended break in the band's career."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1997: International breakout and alternative rock stardom",
"text": "Mills says \"It usually takes a good few years for me to decide where an album stands in the pantheon of recorded work we've done."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1997–2006: Continuing as three-piece with mixed success",
"text": "Just as the sessions were due to begin in October, Berry decided, after months of contemplation and discussions with Downs and Mills, to tell the rest of the band that he was quitting."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Spin's Charles Aaron wrote that by 1985, \"They'd shown how far an underground, punk-inspired rock band could go within the industry without whoring out its artistic integrity in any obvious way."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "R.E.M. recorded the Chronic Town EP with Mitch Easter in October 1981, and planned to release it on a new indie label named Dasht Hopes."
}
] |
R.E.M.'s name could of been Negro Eyes but the decided to go with Ready-to-Eat Meal's acronym R.E.M.
| 0 | 0 |
R.E.M.
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a pitcher for five different franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB) in a career that spanned twenty years."
}
] |
Z17x51uIToKbq0GRLHLj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Vance's play began to decline in the early 1930s and he bounced to the St. Louis Cardinals (becoming a member of the team known as the Gashouse Gang), Cincinnati Reds and back to the Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "A Dazzy Vance Day celebration was held in Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Arthur \"Dazzy\" Vance (March 4, 1891 – February 16, 1961) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1938, Vance became ill with pneumonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Orient, Iowa, Vance spent most of his childhood in Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Vance died of a heart attack in 1961 in Homosassa Springs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Vance was discovered to have an arm injury in 1916 and was given medical treatment."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Vance and DeBerry formed a successful battery during their tenure with Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "That season, Vance had one out of every 13 strikeouts in the entire National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Vance, having rounded third, misunderstood and reversed course, returning to third."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a pitcher for five different franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB) in a career that spanned twenty years."
}
] |
Dazzy Vance was an outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals.
| 0 | 0 |
Dazzy Vance
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "The purest metal is obtained from nickel oxide by the Mond process, which achieves a purity of greater than 99.99%."
}
] |
Z2b7co2ws85FUWt7U7nD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "They called this ore Kupfernickel from the German Kupfer for copper."
},
{
"section_header": "Compounds | Nickel(0)",
"text": "⇌ Ni + 4 COThis behavior is exploited in the Mond process for purifying nickel, as described above."
},
{
"section_header": "Toxicity",
"text": "The toxicity of metal carbonyls is a function of both the toxicity of the metal and the off-gassing of carbon monoxide from the carbonyl functional groups; nickel carbonyl is also explosive in air."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "40–80 °C to form nickel carbonyl."
},
{
"section_header": "Toxicity",
"text": "A less-common form of chronic exposure is through hemodialysis as traces of nickel ions may be absorbed into the plasma from the chelating action of albumin."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "Nickel is obtained from nickel carbonyl by one of two processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "The highly pure nickel product is known as \"carbonyl nickel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Toxicity",
"text": "Nickel carbonyl [Ni(CO)4] is an extremely toxic gas."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "It may be passed through a large chamber at high temperatures in which tens of thousands of nickel spheres, called pellets, are constantly stirred."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "The carbonyl decomposes and deposits pure nickel onto the nickel spheres."
},
{
"section_header": "Extraction and purification | Mond process",
"text": "The purest metal is obtained from nickel oxide by the Mond process, which achieves a purity of greater than 99.99%."
}
] |
Nickel is purified from nickel carbonyl in a series of actions called the Ultramafic Deprecation.
| 1 | 2 |
Nickel
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Managing and coaching career",
"text": "He had less success as a manager than he had as a player, guiding them to a meager 185–245 record."
}
] |
Z3KfziPQIJamZBzZ35Vo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included Lyons in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Managing and coaching career",
"text": "He had less success as a manager than he had as a player, guiding them to a meager 185–245 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "On August 21, 1926, Lyons no-hit the Boston Red Sox 6–0 at Fenway Park; the game took just 1 hour and 45 minutes to complete (Ted Lyons August 21, 1926 No-hitter Box Score)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also the only Hall of Fame pitcher to have more walks than strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyons won 20 or more games three times (in 1925, 1927, and 1930) and became a fan favorite in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "As Lyons aged, his career benefited from the White Sox' decision to never let him pitch more than 30 games per season from 1934 on."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "He commented that he would not be able to return to pitching if the war lasted three or four more years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "In 1943, the White Sox announced that Lyons' jersey number would not be reissued."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lyons served as a scout with the White Sox until his retirement in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "On July 25, 1986, Lyons died in a nursing home in Sulphur, Louisiana."
}
] |
Ted Lyons was more victorious as a player as opposed to supervising.
| 0 | 3 |
Ted Lyons
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "\"I'm Bad\". Kim and her twin sister Dawn had run away from home; they moved in with Eminem and his mother when he was 15, and he began an on-and-off relationship with Kim in 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "He also has custody of Dawn's daughter Alaina and Whitney, Kim's daughter from another relationship."
}
] |
Z3OXfPEzHPdYKizZHMx6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "He had legal custody of his younger half-brother Nathan."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Friends and family remember Eminem as a happy child, but \"a bit of a loner\" who was often bullied."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "He filed for divorce in early April, agreeing to joint custody of Hailie."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "He also has custody of Dawn's daughter Alaina and Whitney, Kim's daughter from another relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "As a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born on October 17, 1972 in St. Joseph, Missouri, the only child of Marshall Bruce Mathers Jr. and Deborah Rae \"Debbie\" ("
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2007: Encore, more lyrical conflicts and musical hiatus",
"text": "On October 12, 2004, a week after the release of \"Just Lose It\", Jackson phoned Steve Harvey's radio show to report his displeasure with its video (which parodies Jackson's child molestation trial, plastic surgery, and the 1984 incident when Jackson's hair caught fire during the filming of a commercial)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2000–2002: The Marshall Mathers LP, lyrical conflicts and The Eminem Show",
"text": "The Eminem Show was released in May 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2000–2002: The Marshall Mathers LP, lyrical conflicts and The Eminem Show",
"text": "In July 2000, Eminem was the first white artist to appear on the cover of The Source."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2000–2002: The Marshall Mathers LP, lyrical conflicts and The Eminem Show",
"text": "L. Brent Bozell III, who had criticized The Marshall Mathers LP for misogynistic lyrics, noted The Eminem Show's extensive use of obscenity and called Eminem \"Eminef\" for the prevalence of the word \"motherfucker\" on the album."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "\"I'm Bad\". Kim and her twin sister Dawn had run away from home; they moved in with Eminem and his mother when he was 15, and he began an on-and-off relationship with Kim in 1989."
}
] |
Eminem has custody of his ex-wife's sister's child.
| 2 | 5 |
Eminem
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–2003",
"text": "Reynolds' career began in 1991, when he starred as Billy Simpson in the Canadian-produced teen soap opera Hillside, distributed in the United States by Nickelodeon as Fifteen."
}
] |
Z3PVtcNPGvPZj5Pfwidd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reynolds was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan Rodney Reynolds (born October 23, 1976) is a Canadian actor, film producer and entrepreneur."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "On December 15, 2016, Reynolds received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "On April 8, 2019, it was announced that Reynolds will be the host of ABC's game show, Don't."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan Rodney Reynolds was born on October 23, 1976, in Vancouver, British Columbia, the youngest of four sons of food wholesaler James Chester Reynolds and retail saleswoman Tamara Lee (née Stewart)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "Reynold's is an executive producer of ABC's game show, Don't, which premiered on June 11, 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "He posted a time of 1:43.7.On May 13, 2018 broadcast of the South Korean reality television show King of Mask Singer, Reynolds had a special performance in the opening act, singing \"Tomorrow\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2015",
"text": "Reynolds played the protagonist in the 2008 film"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "Reynolds began filming Deadpool 2 in June 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Business ventures",
"text": "Reynolds acquired a stake in Aviation American Gin in February 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–2003",
"text": "Reynolds' career began in 1991, when he starred as Billy Simpson in the Canadian-produced teen soap opera Hillside, distributed in the United States by Nickelodeon as Fifteen."
}
] |
Ryan Reynolds gained fame from a Disney Channel show.
| 0 | 0 |
Ryan Reynolds
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Marriage to Draupadi",
"text": "Thus, Draupadi ends up being the wife of all five brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Marriage to Draupadi",
"text": "Without looking, Kunti asks them to share whatever Arjuna has won amongst themselves, thinking it to be alms."
}
] |
Z439GbAiZ6I5iL2zCs8q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Marriage to Draupadi",
"text": "Thus, Draupadi ends up being the wife of all five brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Marriage to Draupadi",
"text": "Without looking, Kunti asks them to share whatever Arjuna has won amongst themselves, thinking it to be alms."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "Kunti raises the five brothers, who are from then on usually referred to as the Pandava brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Marriage to Draupadi",
"text": "The Pandavas return home and inform their meditating mother that Arjuna has won a competition and to look at what they have brought back."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Just war",
"text": "In the story, one of five brothers asks if the suffering caused by war can ever be justified."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Marriage to Draupadi",
"text": "Meanwhile, Krishna who has already befriended Draupadi, tells her to look out for Arjuna (though now believed to be dead)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "Kunti shares her mantra with the younger queen Madri, who bears the twins Nakula and Sahadeva through the Ashwini twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The dice game",
"text": "Yudhishthira then gambles his brothers, himself, and finally his wife into servitude."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "These are the Kaurava brothers, the eldest being Duryodhana, and the second Dushasana."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The end of the Pandavas",
"text": "One by one the brothers and Draupadi fall on their way."
}
] |
Kunti tells the five brothers to share whatever Arjuna has brought home from the journey which in turned caused Draupadi to be a shared wife between the brothers.
| 2 | 3 |
Mahabharata
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Created by screenwriter David S. Ward, the story was inspired by real-life cons perpetrated by brothers Fred and Charley Gondorff and documented by David Maurer in his 1940 book"
}
] |
Z4LaHIh1WDGIYtXx8Lif
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "David Maurer sued for plagiarism, claiming the screenplay was based too heavily on his 1940 book The Big Con, about real-life tricksters Fred and Charley Gondorff."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Created by screenwriter David S. Ward, the story was inspired by real-life cons perpetrated by brothers Fred and Charley Gondorff and documented by David Maurer in his 1940 book"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "One of them was his own one-of-a-kind"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lonnegan's men murder both the courier and Luther, and Hooker flees for his life to Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Screenwriter David S. Ward has said in an interviews that he was inspired to write The Sting while doing research on pickpockets, saying, \"Since I had never seen a film about a confidence man before, I said I gotta do this.\" Daniel Eagan explained: \"One key to plots about con men is that film goers want to feel they are in on the trick."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Kelly's connection appears effective, as Harmon provides Lonnegan with the winner of one horse race and the trifecta of another."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One forgives its unrelenting efforts to charm, if only because 'The Sting' itself is a kind of con game, devoid of the poetic aspirations that weighed down 'Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.'\" Variety wrote, \"George Roy Hill's outstanding direction of David S. Ward's finely-crafted story of multiple deception and surprise ending will delight both mass and class audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The New York Public Library issued a two-volume collection of Joplin's music, thereby giving the stamp of approval of one of the nation's great institutions of learning."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Its \"making of\" featurette, The Art of the Sting, included interviews with cast and crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The night before the sting, Hooker sleeps with Loretta, a waitress from a local restaurant."
}
] |
The Sting was based on real life people.
| 2 | 4 |
The Sting
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, then included in the collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque in 1840."
}
] |
Z4eZmqqmimcfhjyZJvXv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "\"\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" has been criticized for being too formulaic."
},
{
"section_header": "Character descriptions | Narrator",
"text": "In \"The Fall of the House of Usher\", Poe's unnamed narrator is called to visit the House of Usher by Roderick Usher."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" was first published in September 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "The Fall of the House of Usher is an opera composed by Peter Hammill with a libretto by Chris Judge Smith released in 1991 on Some Bizzare Records; in 1999, Hammill revised his work and released it as The Fall of the House of Usher (Deconstructed & Rebuilt)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" is considered the best example of Poe's \"totality\", wherein every element and detail is related and relevant."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "The Fall of the House of Usher (2015), narrated by Christopher Lee, is an animated short film which is part of Extraordinary Tales."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "In 2002 Lance Tait wrote a one-act play The Fall of the House of Usher, based on Poe's tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources of inspiration",
"text": "Poe's inspiration for the story may be based upon events of the Hezekiah Usher House, which was located on the Usher estate that is now a three-block area in modern Boston, Massachusetts adjacent to Boston Common and bound by Tremont Street to the northwest, Washington Street to the southeast, Avery Street to the south and Winter Street to the north."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" shows Poe's ability to create an emotional tone in his work, specifically feelings of fear, doom, and guilt."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "A stop-motion animated film directed by Jan Švankmajer titled Zánik domu Usherú was released in 1982.The 2006 film The House of Usher from Australian director Hayley Cloake, starring Austin Nichols as Roderick Usher, was an update of the tale set in the modern era with a love interest for Roderick in the form of the best friend of his deceased sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, then included in the collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque in 1840."
}
] |
The Fall of the House of Usher has nothing to do with the modern Rapper.
| 3 | 4 |
The Fall of the House of Usher
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "An immigrant from Ukraine, Marie Selig attended college, a rare accomplishment for a woman in the early 20th century, and became a school teacher."
}
] |
Z52g86NMAiPWelNX8nAB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Selig's interest in baseball came from his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "An immigrant from Ukraine, Marie Selig attended college, a rare accomplishment for a woman in the early 20th century, and became a school teacher."
}
] |
Bud Selig's mother was from Ukraine.
| 1 | 2 |
Bud Selig
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "At Sheridan's insistence, upon marriage his wife Eliza (born Elizabeth Linley) had given up her career as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
}
] |
Z54ppYkuVjhTXjt2I93Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Rivals (New Mermaids 1979, Elizabeth Duthie, Ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They will meet at the same time as Acres is scheduled to fight \"Beverley\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "In a short time, however, he completed The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rivals is a comedy of manners by Richard Brinsley Sheridan in five acts which was first performed at Covent Garden Theatre on 17 January 1775."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Instead, the Sheridans lived beyond their means as they entertained the gentry and nobility with Eliza's singing (in private parties) and Richard's wit."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Linda Kelly, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, A Life (Sinclair-Stevenson 1997)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, Jack is quite willing to fight Sir Lucius, and they cross swords."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Finally, in need of funds, Richard turned to the only craft that could gain him the remuneration he desired in a short time: he began writing a play."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Brooke Allen, The Scholar of Scandal, a review of Fintan O’Toole, The Traitor's Kiss: Brooke Allen, The Scholar of Scandal, a review of Fintan O’Toole, The Traitor's Kiss: The Life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, 1751–1816 (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 1998), at New Criterion. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816) at Theatre History."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "This was proper for the wife of a \"gentleman\", but it was difficult because Eliza would have earned a substantial income as a performer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "At Sheridan's insistence, upon marriage his wife Eliza (born Elizabeth Linley) had given up her career as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
}
] |
Richard Sheridan had his wife quit her singing job when they were wed which was about the same time he wrote The Rivals.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rivals
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is best remembered as the origin of Shangri-La, a fictional utopian lamasery located high in the mountains of Tibet."
}
] |
Z5PevPtF9fIXuTCP6t30
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lost Horizon is a 1933 novel by English writer James Hilton."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "By the 1960s, Pocket Books alone, over the course of more than 40 printings, had sold several million copies of Lost Horizon, helping to make it one of the most popular novels of the 20th Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was turned into a film, also called Lost Horizon, in 1937 by director Frank Capra."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The book has been adapted for film three times: Lost Horizon (1937), directed by Frank Capra"
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "Lost Horizon became a huge popular success and in 1939 was published in paperback form, as Pocket Book #1."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "Lost Horizon (1973), directed by Charles Jarrott (musical version) Bridge Of Time (TV, 1997) directed by Jorge Montesi."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "The book, published in 1933, caught the notice of the public only after Hilton's Goodbye, Mr. Chips was published in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "Because of its number-one position in what became a very long list of pocket editions, Lost Horizon is often mistakenly called the first American paperback book, when in fact paperbacks had been around since the mid-1800s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is best remembered as the origin of Shangri-La, a fictional utopian lamasery located high in the mountains of Tibet."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Lost Horizon is currently available in paperback format and is now published by Summersdale Publishers Ltd [1], ISBN 978-1-84024-353-6 in the UK and by Harper Perennial, ISBN 978-0-06-059452-7 in the United States."
}
] |
The 1933 novel Lost Horizon is where the origin of Shangri-La comes from.
| 0 | 0 |
Lost Horizon
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zootopia (released as Zootropolis or Zoomania in several countries) is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated buddy cop comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures."
}
] |
Z6jh6v22Q0MkelqOQ7U7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Merchandise",
"text": "A card game based on the film called Zootopia: Suspect Search was released, as well as a game for mobile phones titled Zootopia Crime Files."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "According to Howard, Zootopia emerged from his desire to create something different from other animal anthropomorphic films, where animals either live in the natural world or in the human world."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animation",
"text": "Disney's most recent work on animating fur was for the titular character of the 2008 film Bolt, but the software they had used at the time was not ready for creating the realistic fur of the animals of Zootopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "In June 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, Zootopia returned to 280 theaters (mostly drive-ins) and grossed $393,600."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Release and alternative titles",
"text": "Zootopia was released in Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D, making it the first Disney animated film shown in domestic IMAX theatres since Treasure Planet (2002)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Lawsuit",
"text": "The lawsuit claims that Goldman (in 2000 and 2009) pitched a concept to Disney for a live-action film titled Looney, which was about a socially awkward animator who creates a self-inspired TV cartoon called Zootopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Release and alternative titles",
"text": "This was due to Disney being unable to trademark the name \"Zootopia\" in these territories for various legal reasons, including Danish Givskud Zoo registering the name Zootopia in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zootopia (released as Zootropolis or Zoomania in several countries) is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated buddy cop comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "IGN reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film a 9.0 out of 10 'Amazing' score, saying \"Zootopia is a wonderful example of how Disney, at its best, can mix its past and present together in a very cool, compelling way."
},
{
"section_header": "Future",
"text": "In June 2016, Howard and Moore were in talks about the possibility of a Zootopia sequel."
}
] |
Zootopia is a film.
| 1 | 4 |
Zootopia
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He looks ten years younger and is about five feet eight inches tall but appears taller due to his military-like posture and bearing."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "James Tyrone Sr. – 65 years old."
}
] |
Z7S6i5AadlkqXziFDZFF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "O'Neill posthumously received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for Long Day's Journey into Night."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Premiere productions",
"text": "Long Day's Journey into Night was first performed by the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, Sweden."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Long Day's Journey into Night is a drama play in four acts written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1941–42, first published in 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Premiere productions",
"text": "The Broadway debut of Long Day's Journey into Night took place at the Helen Hayes Theatre on 7 November 1956, shortly after its American premiere at Boston's Wilbur Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "James Tyrone Sr. – 65 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act III",
"text": "She also decides that her prayers as an addict are not being heard by the Virgin and decides to go upstairs to get more drugs, but before she can Edmund and James Sr. return home."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "She is medium height with a young graceful figure, a trifle plump with distinctly Irish facial features."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "However, she still retains the haggard facial features of a long-time addict."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Long Day\" refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "With irony, she alludes to her belief that this air of detachment might be the very reason he has tolerated her addiction for so long."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He looks ten years younger and is about five feet eight inches tall but appears taller due to his military-like posture and bearing."
}
] |
Long Day's Journey Into Night's James Sr. is of average height.
| 1 | 2 |
Long Day's Journey Into Night
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the third child of five of Ora and Etta Waner."
}
] |
Z7VewR5jNxvJ233QBw8B
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed \"Big Poison\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "The 1927 season was a standout year for Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul and Lloyd also hold the record for most hits recorded by brothers (5,611)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "The 1933 season was also the first year that Major League Baseball hosted the inaugural MLB All-Star Game, for which Waner was selected as a reserve outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "first of only two times that he failed to hit .300 as a Pirate."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "For most of the period from 1927 to 1940, Paul patrolled right field at Forbes Field while Lloyd covered the ground next to him in center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "He ended his first season with a .336 batting average and led the NL in triples with 22."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "The Pirates finished below .500, with a 75–79 record, for the first time in Paul's career."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "On April 17, 1926, against the Cincinnati Reds, he collected his first major league hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "In 1933 he hit for a career low .309, the first time his average dipped below .320, and recorded 191 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the third child of five of Ora and Etta Waner."
}
] |
Paul Waner was the first kid from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Waner
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Stitch Fix was founded in 2011 by Katrina Lake and former J.Crew buyer Erin Morrison Flynn."
}
] |
Z7eKib0yLPfSLsPWUHkp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stitch Fix is an online personal styling service in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Stitch Fix was founded in 2011 by Katrina Lake and former J.Crew buyer Erin Morrison Flynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Service",
"text": "Customers choose the shipping frequency, such as every two weeks, once a month, or every two months."
},
{
"section_header": "Service",
"text": "These boards may be viewed by a Stitch Fix stylist."
},
{
"section_header": "Service",
"text": "Stitch Fix is a personal styling service that sends individually picked clothing and accessories items for a one-time styling fee."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Stitch Fix started to be profitable in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Service",
"text": "Customers fill out a survey online about their style preferences."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company began by catering only to women, but it has subsequently expanded to men's clothing, plus sizes, maternity wear, and kids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in 2011 and had an initial public offering in 2017 with a valuation of $1.6 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stitch Fix generated more than $1 billion in sales during 2018 and reported 3.4 million customers in June 2020."
}
] |
Stitch Fix is an online service that was founded by two women.
| 0 | 0 |
Stitch Fix
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Energy",
"text": "Albania is mostly dependent on hydroelectricity."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Energy",
"text": "Almost 94.8% of the country's electricity consumption comes from hydroelectrical stations and ranks 7th in the world by percentage."
}
] |
Z8C9NZrLvFEG7mglRDKa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": ", Albania's first ever appearance at the continental tournament and at a major men's football tournament."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2012, Albania's GDP per capita stood at 30% of the European Union average, while GDP (PPP) per capita was 35%."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "The international airport of Tirana is the premier air gateway to the country, and is also the principal hub for Albania's national flag carrier, Air Albania."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Northern and southern traditions are contrasted by a rugged tone from the north, and the more relaxed southern form of music."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Coffee is an integral part of the Albanian lifestyle, and Albania has more coffee houses per capita than any other country in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Secondary sector",
"text": "It is very diversified, from electronics, manufacturing, textiles, to food, cement, mining, and energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "The airport carried more than 3.3 million passengers in 2019 with connections to many destinations in other countries around Europe, Africa and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Minorities",
"text": "On the other hand, nationalists, various organizations and political parties in Albania have expressed their concern that the census might artificially increase the numbers of the Greek minority, which might be then exploited by Greece to threaten Albania's territorial integrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Environment | Climate",
"text": "The northwestern and southeastern highlands receive the intenser amount of precipitation, whilst the northeastern and southwestern highlands as well as the Western Lowlands the more limited amount."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Language",
"text": "Its standard spoken and written form is revised and merged from the two main dialects, Gheg and Tosk, though it is notably based more on the Tosk dialect."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Energy",
"text": "Albania is mostly dependent on hydroelectricity."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Energy",
"text": "Almost 94.8% of the country's electricity consumption comes from hydroelectrical stations and ranks 7th in the world by percentage."
}
] |
More than 90% of Albania's energy is renewable.
| 1 | 2 |
Albania
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "At least some amateur revivals of the play have added the scene back in; one placed it at the start with Blake directly addressing the audience. (Baldwin's character simply gives his name as \"Fuck You\" in the film, although credits refer to him as \"Blake\".) The 1992 film adaptation directed by James Foley was released using an expanded script featuring a role specifically written for Alec Baldwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross has also been produced as a radio play for BBC Radio 3, featuring Héctor Elizondo, Stacy Keach, Bruce Davison, and Alfred Molina as Roma, first airing 20 March 2005."
}
] |
Z8E4fkWf3NF610nliP7m
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Highlands is the prime real estate everyone is attempting to sell now; Glen Ross Farms is mentioned by several characters as having been very lucrative for those selling it several years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "At least some amateur revivals of the play have added the scene back in; one placed it at the start with Blake directly addressing the audience. (Baldwin's character simply gives his name as \"Fuck You\" in the film, although credits refer to him as \"Blake\".) The 1992 film adaptation directed by James Foley was released using an expanded script featuring a role specifically written for Alec Baldwin."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Jack Lemmon as Shelley Levene"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Kevin Spacey as John Williamson Ed Harris as Dave Moss"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "Alan Arkin as George Aaronow Al Pacino as Richard Roma Jonathan Pryce as James Lingk Jude Ciccolella as Baylen Alec Baldwin as Blake"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play shows parts of two days in the lives of four desperate Chicago real estate agents who are prepared to engage in any number of unethical, illegal acts—from lies and flattery to bribery, threats, intimidation and burglary—to sell undesirable real estate to unwitting prospective buyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Tony Haygarth – Tony Haygarth – James Lingk John Tams – BaylenGlengarry Glen Ross had its U.S. premiere on 6 February 1984, at the Goodman Theatre of the Arts Institute of Chicago before moving to Broadway on 25 March 1984 at the John Golden Theatre and running for 378 shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "On 27 September 2007, the play was revived at the Apollo Theatre, London, starring Jonathan Pryce (who played client James Lingk in the 1992 film adaptation) as Levene, alongside Aidan Gillen (Roma), Paul Freeman (Aaronow), Matthew Marsh (Moss) and Peter McDonald (Williamson)."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross has also been produced as a radio play for BBC Radio 3, featuring Héctor Elizondo, Stacy Keach, Bruce Davison, and Alfred Molina as Roma, first airing 20 March 2005."
}
] |
The show has been adapted into several other forms of media.
| 1 | 5 |
Glengarry Glen Ross
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "The family was poor, according to Nina's own recollections."
}
] |
Z8K0cilKiYLXdorPWDrB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "She urged Nikita to seek further education, but family finances did not permit this."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Involvement in purges",
"text": "In reply, Khrushchev asked that 2,000 wealthy peasants, or kulaks living in Moscow be killed in part fulfillment of the quota."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "Leonid's daughter, Yulia, was raised by Nikita Khrushchev and his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Khrushchev was born in 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, in western Russia, close to the present-day border between Russia and Ukraine."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "The family was poor, according to Nina's own recollections."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Khrushchev was born on 15 April 1894, in Kalinovka, a village in what is now Russia's Kursk Oblast, near the present Ukrainian border."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Nikita worked as a herdsboy from an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Even so, some artists and writers joined the family at the graveside for the interment."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | Cuban Missile Crisis and the test ban treaty (1962–1964)",
"text": "I warned Nikita that secrecy would give the imperialists the advantage."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "They had three children together: daughter Rada was born in 1929, son Sergei in 1935 and daughter Elena in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina."
}
] |
Nikita Khrushchev was born into a wealthy family.
| 0 | 0 |
Nikita Khrushchev
|
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