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Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Calloway was born in Rochester, New York, on Christmas Day 1907 to an African American family."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discography | Albums",
"text": "1943: Cab Calloway And His Orchestra (Brunswick) 1956: Cab Calloway (Epic) 1958: Cotton Club Revue 1958 ("
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "In 1930, The Missourians became known as Cab Calloway and His Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"In 1998, The Cab Calloway Orchestra directed by Calloway's grandson"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "roll capillaries is so frequently emulated yet so seldom acknowledged as Cabell \"Cab\" Calloway."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "From 1941 to 1942, Calloway hosted a weekly radio quiz show called The Cab Calloway Quizzicale."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "New York City Mayor David Dinkins proclaimed the day \"Cab Calloway Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "The Cab Calloway Stakes celebrated its 13th renewal on July 24, 2019, and was won by Rinaldi."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honors",
"text": "\"In 1994, Calloway's daughter Camay Calloway Murphy founded the Cab Calloway Museum at Coppin State College in Baltimore, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1930–1955: Success",
"text": "Calloway wrote a humorous pseudo-gossip column called \"Coastin' with Cab\" for Song Hits magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2012, Calloway's legacy was celebrated in an episode of PBS's American Masters titled \"Cab Calloway: Sketches."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Calloway was born in Rochester, New York, on Christmas Day 1907 to an African American family."
}
] |
Cab Calloway is from the East Coast.
| 1 | 4 |
Cab Calloway
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It was determined that she died of a heart attack."
}
] |
Zk712tQmp77igyZ4XTJg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "At the end of the show's evening performance, the play's producer announced that Page had been found dead in her lower Manhattan townhouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later work and final performances",
"text": "Strasberg later founded the Mirror Theater Ltd with its repertory program the Mirror Repertory, and Page accepted the role of Founding Artist in Residence."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It was determined that she died of a heart attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later work and final performances",
"text": "A week after the Tony Awards ceremony, Page failed to appear for two performances of the play and was found dead in her Manhattan home."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early stage and film",
"text": "On October 25, 1945, she made her New York stage debut in Seven Mirrors, a play devised by Immaculate Heart High School students from Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "\" Rip Torn called her \"Mi corazon, mi alma, mi esposa\" (\"My heart, my soul, my wife\") and said they had \"never stopped being lovers, and ... never will."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early stage and film",
"text": "She received another nomination the following year starring in Delbert Mann's Dear Heart as a self-sufficient but lonely postmistress visiting New York City for a convention, finding love with a greeting card salesman."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Sarah Paulson portrayed Page in the 2017 anthology television series Feud, which chronicles the rivalry between actresses Bette Davis and Joan Crawford on the set of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962).She was also portrayed by her daughter, Angelica Page, in the stage production Turning Page."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age five, Page relocated with her family to Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting style",
"text": "\"During her life, Page was regarded as a respected character actress."
}
] |
Page passed from heart failure and was found in her townhouse.
| 0 | 0 |
Geraldine Page
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–2001: Behind the Front and Bridging the Gap",
"text": "In 1995 will.i.am and apl.de.ap – former members of Atban Klann – formed a new group named as Black Eyed Pods (after renamed as The Black Eyed Peas) with Jaime Gomez (Taboo), and Kim Hill, a singer who featured on a selected number of their tracks."
}
] |
ZkTRLdcAw7nzOsPRurg7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: Fergie's departure, addition of J. Rey Soul, and Masters of the Sun",
"text": "On May 17, 2018, the Black Eyed Peas released a single called \"Ring the Alarm\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2008: Monkey Business",
"text": "The Black Eyed Peas starred in a series of web shorts for Snickers called Instant Def, appearing as a group of hip-hop superheroes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–2001: Behind the Front and Bridging the Gap",
"text": "In 1995 will.i.am and apl.de.ap – former members of Atban Klann – formed a new group named as Black Eyed Pods (after renamed as The Black Eyed Peas) with Jaime Gomez (Taboo), and Kim Hill, a singer who featured on a selected number of their tracks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Black Eyed Peas (also known as The Black Eyed Peas) is an American musical group, consisting of rappers"
},
{
"section_header": "Comic book",
"text": "Black Eyed Peas Present: Masters of the Sun ―"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: Fergie's departure, addition of J. Rey Soul, and Masters of the Sun",
"text": "The song is titled \"Where's the Love?\" and is credited to \"The Black Eyed Peas featuring The World\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances",
"text": "In July 2010, the Black Eyed Peas performed \"Boom Boom Pow\", \"Rock"
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances",
"text": "The Black Eyed Peas performed in the 93rd Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2008: Monkey Business",
"text": "In autumn 2005, the Black Eyed Peas set off to tour with Gwen Stefani, as supporting act."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances",
"text": "The Black Eyed Peas performed in the closing ceremony of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines."
}
] |
Black Eyed Peas was once called by another name.
| 0 | 0 |
The Black Eyed Peas
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received numerous awards and nominations, including a nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 92nd Academy Awards, three nominations at the 25th Critics' Choice Awards (winning two), and a nomination for Special Visual Effects at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards."
}
] |
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|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "I wanted to do something different this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare \"A+\" grade, the third Marvel film to earn the score after The Avengers and Black Panther, while those at PostTrak gave it 5 out of 5 stars and a \"definite recommend\" of 85%.Writing for NPR, Glen Weldon gave the film a positive review and found the film to be a worthy sequel to its predecessor, stating, \"The Russos' decision to stick close to the experiences of the remaining Avengers proves a rewarding one, as they've expressly constructed the film as an extended victory lap for the Marvel Cinematic Universe writ large."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame, which was widely anticipated for months before its release, had a substantial cultural impact."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with Marvel's largest marketing campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Convention Center on April 22, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received praise for its direction, acting, musical score, action sequences, visual effects, and emotional weight, with critics lauding its culmination of the 22-film story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In June 2016, Alan Silvestri, who composed the score for The Avengers, was revealed to be returning to score both Infinity War and Endgame."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame earned $357.1 million in its opening weekend, breaking Infinity War's record by nearly $100 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame grossed $858.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.939 billion in other territories, for a worldwide total of $2.8 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received numerous awards and nominations, including a nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 92nd Academy Awards, three nominations at the 25th Critics' Choice Awards (winning two), and a nomination for Special Visual Effects at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards."
}
] |
Avengers: Endgame received 5 Oscars for different categories.
| 1 | 6 |
Avengers: Endgame
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
}
] |
ZlcYD4ngA56DVuMu4dbx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Taj Mahal is built on a parcel of land to the south of the walled city of Agra."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The imperial court documenting Shah Jahan's grief after the death of Mumtaz Mahal illustrates the love story held as the inspiration for the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "A longstanding myth holds that Shah Jahan planned a mausoleum to be built in black marble as a Black Taj Mahal across the Yamuna river."
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "In 2000, India's Supreme Court dismissed P. N. Oak's petition to declare that a Hindu king built the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "Amidst this controversy, BJP MLA Sangeet Som had claimed that the those who built the Taj Mahal were traitors and it was a \"blot\" on the country's culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Interior decoration",
"text": "The Ninety Nine Names of God are calligraphic inscriptions on the sides of the actual tomb of Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "The theories about Taj Mahal being a Shiva temple started circulating when Oak released his 1989 book \"Taj Mahal: The True Story\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Threats",
"text": "The pollution has been turning the Taj Mahal yellow-brown."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "The Taj Mahal attracts a large number of tourists."
}
] |
The Taj Mahal was built in memory of Mumtaz Mahal.
| 2 | 5 |
Taj Mahal
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "\" Fox ended up removing the Monroe tattoo in a series of laser surgeries because she felt that Monroe's life was full of negativity and she did not want to emulate it."
}
] |
ZloHz0WDXCzYYmrtHvsP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public image | Media exposure",
"text": "The increased media exposure was difficult for Fox, who acknowledged being shy and insecure, to adjust to."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Megan Denise Fox (born May 16, 1986) is an American actress and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and breakthrough with Transformers",
"text": "The film was released worldwide on June 24, 2009.Fox was to star in the third installment, Transformers: Dark of the Moon, but was not included because of her statements comparing working under director Bay to working for Hitler."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Megan Fox was born on May 16, 1986 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to parents Gloria Darlene (Cisson) and Franklin Thomas Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "Her tattoos, which she began getting at age 19 as a form of self-expression, helped popularize tattoo fashion."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "A production assistant who worked on Transformers also stated that he never saw Fox act inappropriately on set."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and upcoming roles",
"text": "This Is 40. She was the voice of Lois Lane in the film Robot Chicken DC Comics Special, an episode of the television comedy series Robot Chicken, and it aired as a one-off special during Cartoon Network's Adult Swim on September 9, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "She said she was \"very fortunate\" to be a part of the franchise, and was looking forward to continuing her work."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "Amid this and reports that she was to replace Jolie in a new Lara Croft film, Fox commented that the comparisons indicate a lack of creativity on the part of the media, and attributed them to both she and Jolie being brunette, having tattoos, cursing, and mentioning and joking about sex, \"which people find outrageous\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was 13 years old, Fox began modeling after winning several awards at the 1999 American Modeling and Talent Convention in Hilton Head, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "\" Fox ended up removing the Monroe tattoo in a series of laser surgeries because she felt that Monroe's life was full of negativity and she did not want to emulate it."
}
] |
Megan Fox had 9 tattoos, but had several taken off because they were difficult to cover for film work.
| 0 | 0 |
Megan Fox
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mr. Flor, a dinner guest The first act opens with a dinner party hosted by Håkon Werle, a wealthy merchant and industrialist."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Most prized is the wild duck they rescued."
}
] |
ZmH67ZCxpUg2Fm16T8og
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After hearing a shot, the family assumes Old Ekdal is hunting in the loft, but Gregers knows he has shot the wild duck for Hedvig."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Most prized is the wild duck they rescued."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hedvig adds that he also will not have time to spend in the loft with the wild duck."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Crushed, Hedvig remembers the wild duck and goes to the loft with a pistol."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Robert Ferguson notes that The Wild Duck did not come easily to Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Gregers tries to calm the distraught Hedvig by suggesting that she sacrifice the wild duck for her father's happiness."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Premiere",
"text": "The Wild Duck premiered 9 January 1885 at Den Nationale Scene, Bergen, Norway."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wild Duck (original Norwegian title: Vildanden) is an 1884 play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Broadway",
"text": "Produced by Arthur Hopkins, the first English-language production of The Wild Duck opened March 11, 1918, at the Plymouth Theatre in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The duck was wounded by none other than Werle, whose eyesight is also failing."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mr. Flor, a dinner guest The first act opens with a dinner party hosted by Håkon Werle, a wealthy merchant and industrialist."
}
] |
The Wild Duck is a story about a duck hunt with Sir Windsor of Cambridge and Duke Ellington of Camelot.
| 0 | 1 |
The Wild Duck
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story describes a fictional small town in contemporary America, which observes an annual rite known as \"the lottery\", in which a member of the community is selected by chance to be stoned to death."
}
] |
ZmO7y0479J4NSaOVW42B
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1951 radio version",
"text": "Kinoy deleted certain characters, including two of the Hutchinsons' three children, and added at least one character, John Gunderson, a schoolteacher who publicly objects to the lottery being held, and at first refuses to draw."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical interpretations",
"text": "She has also hinted at larger meanings through name symbolism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is implied in the story that the lottery is practiced to ensure the community's continued well being."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical interpretations",
"text": "But it is precisely law and morality that are being undermined by the arbitrary condemnation of capital punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical interpretations",
"text": "Since Tessie Hutchinson is the protagonist of \"The Lottery\", there is every indication that her name is indeed an allusion to Anne Hutchinson, the American religious dissenter."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Readers",
"text": "It had simply never occurred to me that these millions and millions of people might be so far from being uplifted that they would sit down and write me letters"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Each of the five draws a slip, and Tessie gets the marked one."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "His wife Tessie protests that Mr. Summers rushed him through the drawing, but the other townspeople dismiss her complaint."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Readers",
"text": "The New Yorker received a \"torrent of letters\" inquiring about the story, \"the most mail the magazine had ever received in response to a work of fiction\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Since the Hutchinson family consists of only one household, a second drawing to choose one household within the family is skipped."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story describes a fictional small town in contemporary America, which observes an annual rite known as \"the lottery\", in which a member of the community is selected by chance to be stoned to death."
}
] |
"The Lottery" is a poem about the New York school system's random drawing of student names to be enrolled in private schools.
| 0 | 1 |
The Lottery
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The service competes primarily with Amazon's Indian subsidiary, and the domestic rival Snapdeal."
}
] |
ZmUbpCNuYBVtZLFB8Agb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Flipkart Video",
"text": "Flipkart has launched in app streaming named Flipkart Video as part of a new direction they want to move and to match its competitors like Amazon who are offering premium video options in August 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Regulatory action and lawsuits",
"text": "On 30 November 2012, Flipkart's offices were raided by the Enforcement Directorate."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2017, Flipkart made an offer to acquire its main domestic competitor, Snapdeal, for around US$700–800 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Walmart",
"text": "\"On 25 March 2020, Flipkart alongside Amazon announced that they are suspending all the services in India."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Flipkart held a 51% share of all Indian smartphone shipments in 2017, overtaking Amazon India (33%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Some of these challenges include Flipkart's unfair policies towards sellers, lack of a competent logistics service, and customer returns that are purely as a result of consumer fraud."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Walmart",
"text": "On 4 May 2018, it was reported that the US retail chain Walmart had won a bidding war with Amazon to acquire a majority stake in Flipkart for US$15 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Flipkart was founded in October 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, who were both alumni of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and formerly worked for Amazon."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In November 2015, Flipkart launched a new mobile website branded as \"Flipkart Lite\", which provides an experience inspired by Flipkart's app that runs within smartphone web browsers."
},
{
"section_header": "Funding",
"text": "Flipkart's reported sales were ₹40 million (US$560,000) in FY 2008–2009, ₹200 million (US$2.8 million) in FY 2009–2010 and ₹750 million (US$11 million) for FY 2010–2011.Flipkart"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The service competes primarily with Amazon's Indian subsidiary, and the domestic rival Snapdeal."
}
] |
Flipkart's competitor is Amazon.
| 1 | 3 |
Flipkart
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "Born on the Isle of Man during the 1940s, the Gibb brothers moved to their father Hugh Gibb's hometown of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, England in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "In August 1958, the Gibb family, including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy, emigrated to Redcliffe, just north-east of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia."
}
] |
ZmWcHarZb5G0dK0kHIlg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "Maurice was credited by the brothers as being the most technologically savvy member of the band."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Bee Gees – Tales of The Brothers Gibb."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1986: Outside projects, band turmoil, solo efforts and decline",
"text": "The album was again co-produced by Barry Gibb, and the single \"Chain Reaction\" gave Ross a UK and Australian No. 1 hit."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "Melouney did achieve one feat while with the Bee Gees: his composition \"Such a Shame\" (from Idea) is the only song on any Bee Gees album not written by a Gibb brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Songwriting",
"text": "In all, the Gibbs placed 13 singles onto the Hot 100 in 1978, with 12 making the Top 40."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "The name was not specifically a reference to \"Brothers Gibb\", despite popular belief."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1986: Outside projects, band turmoil, solo efforts and decline",
"text": "With the disco backlash still running strong, the album failed to make the UK or US Top 40—breaking"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1979: Turning to disco | Saturday Night Fever and Spirits Having Flown",
"text": "The single \"Oh! Darling\", credited to Robin Gibb, reached No. 15 in the US.The Bee Gees' follow-up to Saturday Night Fever was the Spirits Having Flown album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "Just prior to his death, Robin Gibb recorded the song \"Sydney,\" about the brothers' experience of living in that city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1986: Outside projects, band turmoil, solo efforts and decline",
"text": "A year later, Dolly Parton and Kenny Rogers recorded the Bee Gees-penned track \"Islands in the Stream\", which became a US and Australian No. 1 hit and entered the Top 10 in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "Born on the Isle of Man during the 1940s, the Gibb brothers moved to their father Hugh Gibb's hometown of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, England in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "In August 1958, the Gibb family, including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy, emigrated to Redcliffe, just north-east of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia."
}
] |
The Gibbs brothers who make up the band Bee Gees are not native-born Australians.
| 0 | 0 |
Bee Gees
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In optics, the refractive index (also known as refraction index or index of refraction) of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how fast light travels through the material."
}
] |
ZmrPyRHq3bvjZrgdusiD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Definition",
"text": "The refractive index n of an optical medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum, c = 299792458 m/s, and the phase velocity v of light in the medium, n"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In optics, the refractive index (also known as refraction index or index of refraction) of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how fast light travels through the material."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "v is the phase velocity of light in the medium."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations to other quantities | Other relations",
"text": "As shown in the Fizeau experiment, when light is transmitted through a moving medium, its speed relative to an observer traveling with speed v in the same direction as the light is: V ="
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "where c is the speed of light in vacuum and"
},
{
"section_header": "Microscopic explanation",
"text": "It corresponds to a permittivity less than 1, which causes the refractive index to be also less than unity and the phase velocity of light greater than the speed of light in vacuum c (note that the signal velocity is still less than c, as discussed above)."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations to other quantities | Momentum (Abraham–Minkowski controversy)",
"text": "where E is the energy of the photon, c is the speed of light in vacuum"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The refractive index can be seen as the factor by which the speed and the wavelength of the radiation are reduced with respect to their vacuum values: the speed of light in a medium is v = c/n, and similarly the wavelength in that medium is λ = λ0/n, where λ0 is the wavelength of that light in vacuum."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations to other quantities | Other relations",
"text": "+ v c"
},
{
"section_header": "Dispersion",
"text": "For optics in the visual range, the amount of dispersion of a lens material is often quantified by the Abbe number: V"
}
] |
In optics, the refractive index of a material is a dimensional number that describes how fast light travels through the material and is defined as n = c v , where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium.
| 0 | 0 |
Refractive index
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on hoodoo."
}
] |
Zn3tpl86vsQUMAQwTLfq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on hoodoo."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "\"Hoodoo in America\" (1931) in The Journal of American Folklore"
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "I am one with the infinite and need no other assurance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Also published during this time was Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938), documenting her research on rituals in Jamaica and Haiti."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | 1930s",
"text": "Despite positive reviews, it had only one performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, and radio",
"text": "Included is rare ethnographic evidence of the Hoodoo and Vodou religion in the U.S. and Haiti."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "In 1887, it was one of the first all-black towns incorporated in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork",
"text": "At one point she worked as a maid on Miami Beach's Rivo Alto Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | College and slightly after",
"text": "In return, she wanted Hurston to give her all the material she collected about Negro music, folklore, literature, hoodoo, and other forms of culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "She was one of twelve inaugural inductees to the Alabama Writers Hall of Fame on June 8, 2015."
}
] |
Zora Neale Hurston published research on hoodoo.
| 1 | 3 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Biggio was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement | Allegations of Steroid Use and Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "He was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2017, his seventh year of eligibility on the BBWAA ballot, with 86.2% of the vote and was inducted on July 30, 2017."
}
] |
ZnvihfDuRkPLKxIgMZWI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "After retirement | Allegations of Steroid Use and Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "I always found Bagwell just a bit short of Hall of Fame material."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement | Allegations of Steroid Use and Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "San Francisco Chronicle sportswriter Bruce Jenkins opined that Bagwell did not have the credentials to be in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 2005, and to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement | Allegations of Steroid Use and Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "He was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2017, his seventh year of eligibility on the BBWAA ballot, with 86.2% of the vote and was inducted on July 30, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement | Allegations of Steroid Use and Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Eligible for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame for the first time in 2011, speculation abounded that some baseball writers initially refrained from voting for Bagwell on the premise that he used performance-enhancing drugs, since most of his playing career took place during what is commonly referred to as \"the steroid era.\" In spite of the speculation, no concrete evidence has surfaced linking him to the use of performance-enhancing drugs; the closest to evidence that exists is a report that surfaced that he disclosed use of androstenedione to a Houston Chronicle reporter in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Biggio was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | National League runs scored record (2000)",
"text": "His pair of cleats from the 2000 season were turned in for display at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jeffrey Robert Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Health issues and World Series drive (2005)",
"text": "In February 2005, Bagwell and Biggio were jointly inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement | Allegations of Steroid Use and Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Bagwell has not been connected with any of the 104 positive samples in the 2003 survey tests that were leaked."
}
] |
Jeffrey Bagwell is in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
| 0 | 0 |
Jeff Bagwell
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The novel has a circular structure, following Chichikov as he visits the estates of landowners living around the capital of a guberniya."
}
] |
ZoOIXKR4jDagSE8cAc6H
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The story follows the exploits of Chichikov, a middle-aged gentleman of middling social class and means."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Unlike the short stories, however, Dead Souls was meant to offer solutions rather than simply point out problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "As in many of Gogol's short stories, the social criticism of Dead Souls is communicated primarily through absurd and hilarious satire."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Michael Palin narrates the story, but is revealed actually to be following Chichikov, riding in his coach for example, or sleeping in the same bed, constantly irritating Chichikov with his running exposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The plot of the novel relies on \"dead souls\" (i.e., \"dead serfs\") which are still accounted for in property registers."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Chichikov arrives in a small town and turns on the charm to woo key local officials and landowners."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He reveals little about his past, or his purpose, as he sets about carrying out his bizarre and mysterious plan to acquire \"dead souls.\" The government would tax the landowners based on how many serfs (or \"souls\") the landowner owned, determined by the census."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Censuses in this period were infrequent, so landowners would often be paying taxes on serfs that were no longer living, thus the \"dead souls."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "\" It is these dead souls, existing on paper only, that Chichikov seeks to purchase from the landlords in the villages he visits; he merely tells the prospective sellers that he has a use for them, and that the sellers would be better off anyway, since selling them would relieve the present owners of a needless tax burden."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Although the townspeople Chichikov comes across are gross caricatures, they are not flat stereotypes by any means."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The novel has a circular structure, following Chichikov as he visits the estates of landowners living around the capital of a guberniya."
}
] |
The plot of the story is in a linear fashion.
| 0 | 0 |
Dead Souls
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1983, he was celebrated as having recorded songs in the most languages in the world, and in 2013 for being the artist in Latin music with the most records sold in history."
}
] |
ZpM8EV5iji9n3AWRppL9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxuljo iˈɣlesjas]; born 23 September 1943) is a Spanish singer, songwriter and former professional footballer."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "He then signed a deal with Discos Columbia, the Spanish branch of the Columbia Records company, and released his first studio album, titled Yo Canto, or I Sing."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "From it came the first English-language hit of his career, a Spanish cover of \"Begin the Beguine\" which became number 1 in the United Kingdom; he also released a collection, Julio (1983)."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In 2003, Julio released his album Divorcio (\"Divorce\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Iglesias was born in Madrid to Julio Iglesias Sr., a medical doctor from Ourense who became one of the youngest gynecologists in the country, and María del Rosario de la Cueva y Perignat."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In 2015, Iglesias was slated to perform a complete concert for the first time with his son Julio Iglesias Jr. in a tour in Romania, on 22 May at Sala Polivalentă in Cluj-Napoca and 2 July at Sala Palatului in the capital city, Bucharest."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "The album spent 15 weeks in the Spanish charts and peaked at #3."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In the 1990s, Iglesias returned to his original Spanish melody in Tango (1996), nominated for Best Latin Pop Album at the 1998 Grammy Awards, losing to the Romances album by Mexican singer, Luis Miguel."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "The family recorded \"The Little Drummer Boy\" in Spanish and English and included it in the family's Christmas card."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Preysler, a Filipina of Spanish ancestry, was also a member of the wealthy and aristocratic Pérez de Tagle family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1983, he was celebrated as having recorded songs in the most languages in the world, and in 2013 for being the artist in Latin music with the most records sold in history."
}
] |
Julio Iglesias does not always sing in Spanish.
| 0 | 0 |
Julio Iglesias
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "O'Day was born in Chicago, the son of railroad engineer James O'Day (c. 1824 – 1885) and his wife Margaret (c. 1822 – 1895), who were immigrants from Ireland and were both deaf."
}
] |
ZpUrErNLOhhqxddygKfW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "O'Day was buried in Calvary Cemetery in Evanston, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "O'Day did not report for his scheduled game at the Polo Grounds that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "O'Day was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "At various points throughout his career, O'Day played all nine positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "When Pulliam did not withdraw the fine, O'Day submitted his resignation on July 31."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to umpiring",
"text": "Only Bill Klem, whose hiring was recommended by O'Day, worked more."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "O'Day became an umpiring scout after he retired from active umpiring in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "O'Day was born in Chicago, the son of railroad engineer James O'Day (c. 1824 – 1885) and his wife Margaret (c. 1822 – 1895), who were immigrants from Ireland and were both deaf."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to umpiring",
"text": "In The National League Story (1961), Lee Allen described O'Day as \"a crusty old pitcher who had umpired in the league as early as 1888 and had the scars to prove it.\" O'Day maintained an intensely private life."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to umpiring",
"text": "Lieb's position was adopted by the committee, with O'Day complaining that Lieb was simply trying to accumulate more home runs for his friend Babe Ruth; O'Day did, however, succeed in preventing the rule from being applied retroactively."
}
] |
Hank O'Day has Irish ancestry.
| 0 | 5 |
Hank O'Day
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Joe Buck, a young Texan working as a dishwasher, quits his job and heads to New York City to become a male prostitute."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, Midnight Cowboy depicts the unlikely friendship between two hustlers: naïve prostitute Joe Buck (Voight), and ailing con man \"Ratso\" Rizzo (Hoffman)."
}
] |
Zpex24lzpn1pQxQKYy1Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 American buddy drama film, based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Midnight Cowboy is the only X-rated film ever to win Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The opening scenes were filmed in Big Spring, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In its tenth week of release, the film became number one in the United States with a weekly gross of $550,237 and was the highest-grossing movie in September 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has since been placed 36th on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 greatest American films of all time, and 43rd on its 2007 updated version."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "A roadside billboard, stating \"IF YOU DON'T HAVE AN OIL WELL... GET ONE!\" was shown as the New York-bound bus carrying Joe Buck rolled through Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, Midnight Cowboy depicts the unlikely friendship between two hustlers: naïve prostitute Joe Buck (Voight), and ailing con man \"Ratso\" Rizzo (Hoffman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The line \"I'm walkin' here!\", which reached No. 27 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes, is often said to have been improvised, but producer Jerome Hellman disputes this account on the 2-disc DVD set of Midnight Cowboy."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack | Theme song",
"text": "Johnny Mathis's rendition, the only one containing lyrics, reached #20 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart in the fall of 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1994, Midnight Cowboy was deemed \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Joe Buck, a young Texan working as a dishwasher, quits his job and heads to New York City to become a male prostitute."
}
] |
Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 American buddy drama film, based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy set in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
Midnight Cowboy
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some Quakers founded banks and financial institutions, including Barclays, Lloyds, and Friends Provident; manufacturing companies, including shoe retailer C. & J. Clark and the big three British confectionery makers Cadbury, Rowntree and Fry; and philanthropic efforts, including abolition of slavery, prison reform, and social justice projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the past, Quakers were known for their use of thee as an ordinary pronoun, refusal to participate in war, plain dress, refusal to swear oaths, opposition to slavery, and teetotalism."
}
] |
Zq1ayFMfcvy6YO29ONyA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Splits | Hicksite–Orthodox split",
"text": "Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Hicksites tended to be agrarian and poorer than the more urban, wealthier, Orthodox Quakers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Role of women",
"text": "By the 1660s, the progress of the movement resulted in more structured organisation, which led to separate women's meetings."
},
{
"section_header": "National and international divisions and organisation | North and South America",
"text": "Some monthly meetings belong to more than one larger organisation, while others are fully independent."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Quietism",
"text": "During the 18th century, Quakers entered the Quietist period in the history of their church, becoming more inward-looking spiritually and less active in converting others."
},
{
"section_header": "Worship | Programmed worship",
"text": "This religious tradition arose among Friends in the United States, in the 19th century, and in response to the many converts to Christian Quakerism during the national spiritual revival of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017, there were 377,557 adult Quakers, 49 per cent of them being in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Friends in education",
"text": "In England, Quaker schools sprang up, with Friends School Saffron Walden being the most prominent."
},
{
"section_header": "Worship | Unprogrammed worship",
"text": "This handshake is often shared by the others."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Splits | Rise of Gurneyite Quakerism, and the Gurneyite–Conservative split",
"text": "Some orthodox Quakers in America disliked the move towards evangelical Christianity and saw it as a dilution of Friends' traditional orthodox Christian belief in being inwardly led by the Holy Spirit."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigration into North America",
"text": "The three colonies that tolerated Quakers at this time were West Jersey, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania, where Quakers established themselves politically."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some Quakers founded banks and financial institutions, including Barclays, Lloyds, and Friends Provident; manufacturing companies, including shoe retailer C. & J. Clark and the big three British confectionery makers Cadbury, Rowntree and Fry; and philanthropic efforts, including abolition of slavery, prison reform, and social justice projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the past, Quakers were known for their use of thee as an ordinary pronoun, refusal to participate in war, plain dress, refusal to swear oaths, opposition to slavery, and teetotalism."
}
] |
Quakers tended to be more progressive than their other religious counterparts of their time.
| 2 | 3 |
Quakers
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Anne's loss of children is accurate but she did not keep rabbits, which at that time were considered food or pests."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The rest is left to the sordid imagination of one of the world's most fascinating filmmakers."
}
] |
Zq3aY5BAGLI1Ib4ouYCS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Colman was his only choice for Queen Anne."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "I think one of the critiques of the film believed it was like a playground that turns into a battleground that turns into a prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "\" Colman said the difference between Anne and the previous queens she has played was \"the other queens didn't get to fall in love with two hot women\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Another one was, of course, Sarah's memoir where she wrote about how she was replaced in the Queen's favour by Abigail and how Abigail had become the absolute favourite."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was ranked by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Queen Anne was close to Prince George, Duke of Cumberland (died October 1708), her Danish husband, who was not portrayed in the film but was alive for most of the time covered."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Olivia Colman as Queen Anne Emma Stone as Abigail Rachel Weisz as Lady Sarah"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When Sarah returns to court, she issues an ultimatum to Queen Anne: send Abigail away or Sarah will disclose her correspondence with Anne that details their sexual relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Any evaluation of the sexual aspect to the film's relationships requires understanding of contemporaneous mores and practices, and use of language."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in early 18th century Great Britain, the film's plot examines the relationship between two cousins, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (Rachel Weisz) and Abigail Masham (Emma Stone), who are vying to be Court favourite of Queen Anne (Olivia Colman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Anne's loss of children is accurate but she did not keep rabbits, which at that time were considered food or pests."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The rest is left to the sordid imagination of one of the world's most fascinating filmmakers."
}
] |
In the film The Favourite, Queen Anne has more than one pet monkey.
| 0 | 0 |
The Favourite
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rains was one of twelve children, all but three dying of malnutrition when still infants."
}
] |
ZqG6mHmpe7Y2GxqtSBbW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to his daughter, Jessica Rains, he grew up with \"a very serious Cockney accent and a speech impediment\" which took the form of a stutter, causing him to call himself \"Willie Wains\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Although he had played the single supporting role in the silent, Build Thy House (1920), Rains came relatively late to film acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rains made his stage debut at age ten in the play Sweet Nell of Old Drury at the Haymarket Theatre, so that he could run around onstage as part of the production."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "A number of clips from many of her most successful films were shown and I was particularly delighted, when, as soon as Claude Rains appeared in the close-up of one of the clips, the whole audience burst into a great wave of applause."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "Claude Rains was one of my teachers at RADA."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Claude Rains: truly a class act, on and off screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "William Claude Rains was born on 10 November 1889 in Clapham, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Claude found this ramp business a bit embarrassing and very funny."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He slowly worked his way up in the theatre, becoming a call boy ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Claude Rains (10 November 1889 – 30 May 1967) was a British-American film and stage actor whose career spanned almost seven decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rains was one of twelve children, all but three dying of malnutrition when still infants."
}
] |
Claude Rains grew up with ten relatives.
| 3 | 5 |
Claude Rains
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born in 1875 in Holborn, London, to Alice Hare Martin (1856–1953), an English woman, and Dr. Daniel Peter Hughes Taylor, a Creole from Sierra Leone who had studied medicine in the capital."
}
] |
ZrYQTAMZBtYtU70vV33g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Elford, Charles (2008). Black Mahler: The Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1792 some 1200 blacks from Nova Scotia chose to leave what they considered a hostile climate and society, and moved to Sierra Leone, which the British had established as a colony for free blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The Black Loyalists joined free blacks (some of whom were also African Americans) from London, and were joined by maroons from Jamaica, and slaves liberated at sea from illegal slave ships by the British navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "The Heritage of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dunbar and other black people encouraged Coleridge-Taylor to draw from his Sierra Leonean ancestry and the music of the African continent."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Green, Jeffrey (2011). Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, a Musical Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor: Chamber Music – Hawthorne String Quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lists of Coleridge-Taylor's compositions and recordings of his work and of the many articles, papers and books about Coleridge-Taylor's life and legacy are available through the Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Foundation and the Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Network."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His father Daniel Taylor was descended from African-American slaves who were freed by the British and evacuated from the colonies at the end of the American Revolutionary War; some 3,000 of these Black Loyalists were resettled in Nova Scotia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "They were not married, and Daniel Taylor returned to Africa without learning that Alice was pregnant. (Alice Hare Martin's parents were not married at her birth, either.) Alice Martin named her son Samuel Coleridge Taylor after the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born in 1875 in Holborn, London, to Alice Hare Martin (1856–1953), an English woman, and Dr. Daniel Peter Hughes Taylor, a Creole from Sierra Leone who had studied medicine in the capital."
}
] |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was fully black.
| 3 | 5 |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Peter \"Yogi\" Berra (May 12, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was an American professional baseball catcher, who later took on the roles of manager and coach."
}
] |
Zrj1yCQ8BUaUQyClQymv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "In 1998, the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center and Yogi Berra Stadium (home of the New Jersey Jackals and Montclair State University baseball teams) opened on the campus of Montclair State University in Upper Montclair, New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues",
"text": "Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca (who later gave up Bobby Thomson's famous Shot Heard 'Round the World in 1951).Berra"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "Whether changing speeds or location, pitcher Early Wynn soon discovered that \"Berra moves right with you.\" Five times, Berra had more home runs than strikeouts in a season, striking out just twelve times in 597 at-bats in 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Yogi-isms\"",
"text": "Berra was also well known for his impromptu pithy comments, malapropisms, and seemingly unintentional witticisms, known as \"Yogi-isms\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Playing style",
"text": "As a catcher Berra was outstanding: quick, mobile, and a great handler of pitchers, Berra led all American League catchers eight times in games caught and in chances accepted, six times in double plays (a major-league record), eight times in putouts, three times in assists, and once in fielding percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Yogi: The Autobiography of a Professional Baseball Player, Yogi Berra and Ed Fitzgerald (1961) LOC: 61-6504 OCLC 937429264 Behind the Plate, Lawrence Yogi Berra and Til Ferdenzi (1962) ISBN 978"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "The museum is the home of various artifacts, including the mitt with which Yogi caught the only perfect game in World Series history, several autographed and \"game-used\" items, and nine of Yogi's championship rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Yogi-isms\"",
"text": "His \"Yogi-isms\" very often took the form of either an apparent tautology or a contradiction, but often with an underlying and powerful message that offered not just humor, but also wisdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "Berra was involved with the project and frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "It was his intention to teach children important values such as sportsmanship and dedication on and off the baseball diamond."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Peter \"Yogi\" Berra (May 12, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was an American professional baseball catcher, who later took on the roles of manager and coach."
}
] |
Yogi Berra was a professional baseball pitcher.
| 0 | 0 |
Yogi Berra
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party (SACP)."
}
] |
Zrm2bVR0acZuPqIyvEmi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Socialism and Marxism",
"text": "He denied being a communist at the Treason Trial, and maintained this stance both when later talking to journalists, and in his autobiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary activity | MK, the SACP, and African tour: 1961–62",
"text": "Although in later life Mandela denied, for political reasons, ever being a member of the Communist Party, historical research published in 2011 strongly suggested that he had joined in the late 1950s or early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Socialism and Marxism",
"text": "According to the sociologist Craig Soudien, \"sympathetic as Mandela was to socialism, a communist he was not.\" Conversely, the biographer David Jones Smith stated that Mandela \"embraced communism and communists\" in the late 1950s and early 1960s, while the historian Stephen Ellis commented that Mandela had assimilated much of the Marxist–Leninist ideology by 1960.Ellis also found evidence that Mandela had been an active member of the South African Communist Party during the late 1950s and early 1960s, something that was confirmed after his death by both the ANC and the SACP,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party (SACP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Socialism and Marxism",
"text": "Mandela was influenced by Marxism, and during the revolution he advocated scientific socialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Arriving in Johannesburg: 1941–1943",
"text": "At the firm, Mandela befriended Gaur Radebe—a Xhosa member of the ANC and Communist Party—and Nat Bregman, a Jewish communist who became his first white friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary activity | Congress of the People and the Treason Trial: 1955–1961",
"text": "Imprisonment caused problems for Mandela and his co-defendants in the Treason Trial; their lawyers could not reach them, and so it was decided that the lawyers would withdraw in protest until the accused were freed from prison when the state of emergency was lifted in late August 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary activity | MK, the SACP, and African tour: 1961–62",
"text": "Most early MK members were white communists who were able to conceal Mandela in their homes; after hiding in communist Wolfie Kodesh's flat in Berea, Mandela moved to the communist-owned Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia, there joined by Raymond Mhlaba, Slovo, and Bernstein, who put together the MK constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "End of apartheid | CODESA talks: 1991–92",
"text": "Although criticised by socialist ANC members, he had been encouraged to embrace private enterprise by members of the Chinese and Vietnamese Communist parties at the January 1992 World Economic Forum in Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary activity | Defiance Campaign and Transvaal ANC Presidency: 1950–1954",
"text": "In 1952, the ANC began preparation for a joint Defiance Campaign against apartheid with Indian and communist groups, founding a National Voluntary Board to recruit volunteers."
}
] |
Nelson Mandela was influenced by Marxism but denied being a communist at his Treason Trial even though he was a member of communist group in the late 1950s.
| 3 | 5 |
Nelson Mandela
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The story revolves around three families in England at the beginning of the 20th century: the Wilcoxes, rich capitalists with a fortune made in the colonies; the half-German Schlegel siblings (Margaret, Helen, and Tibby), whose cultural pursuits have much in common with the Bloomsbury Group; and the Basts, an impoverished young couple from a lower-class background."
}
] |
ZsPHoxfMI0COVdCWh0Of
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Leonard Bast's son with Helen is set to inherit Howards End from the Wilcox family, making some amends for the tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "On Beauty, a novel by Zadie Smith, is based on Howards End and was written as a homage to Forster."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Howards End 38th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
},
{
"section_header": "Rooks Nest House",
"text": "The house, known in Forster's childhood as \"Rooksnest\" had, as in the novel, been owned by a family named Howard, and the house itself had been called \"Howards\" in their day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is considered by many to be Forster's masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As soon as they encounter Helen at Howards End, they see the truth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Howards End is Ruth's most prized possession; she feels a strong connection to it."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fully supported by them, she decides to bring up her son at Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Helen, the younger Schlegel daughter, then visits the Wilcoxes at their country house, Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The story revolves around three families in England at the beginning of the 20th century: the Wilcoxes, rich capitalists with a fortune made in the colonies; the half-German Schlegel siblings (Margaret, Helen, and Tibby), whose cultural pursuits have much in common with the Bloomsbury Group; and the Basts, an impoverished young couple from a lower-class background."
}
] |
The novel Howards End is set in France.
| 0 | 0 |
Howards End
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lisolette Mueller (Jennifer Jones), a guest being wooed by con man Harlee Claiborne (Fred Astaire) rushes to the 87th floor to check on a deaf mother and her two children."
}
] |
ZtIOtV4fQOSFofwc9d17
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting | Fred Astaire",
"text": "Although famed for his dancing and singing in musical movies, Fred Astaire received his only Oscar nomination for this film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Towering Inferno received positive reviews from critics and audiences alike upon its release, the film has an approval rating of 68% based on 31 reviews with an average rating of 6.57/10 on Rotten Tomatoes, The site's consensus states: \"Although it is not consistently engaging enough to fully justify its towering runtime, The Towering Inferno is a blustery spectacle that executes its disaster premise with flair."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Variety praised the film as \"one of the greatest disaster pictures made, a personal and professional triumph for producer Irwin Allen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Towering Inferno is a 1974 American disaster film produced by Irwin Allen featuring an ensemble cast led by Paul Newman and Steve McQueen."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three out of four stars and praised it as \"the best of the mid-1970s wave of disaster films\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The Towering Inferno was released in theatres on December 14, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "It is not the recording on the soundtrack album but a newer arrangement recorded for The Towering Inferno."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Roberts accepts O'Hallorhan's offer of guidance on how to build a fire-safe skyscraper."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lisolette Mueller (Jennifer Jones), a guest being wooed by con man Harlee Claiborne (Fred Astaire) rushes to the 87th floor to check on a deaf mother and her two children."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "One of the most sought-after unreleased music cues from the film is the one where Williams provides low-key lounge music during a party prior to the announcement of a fire."
}
] |
In the disaster film The Towering Inferno, Fred Astaire plays one of the subcontractors responsible for the shoddy workmanship of the skyscraper.
| 0 | 0 |
The Towering Inferno
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Robert Mize (January 7, 1913 – June 2, 1993), nicknamed Big Jawn and The Big Cat, was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout."
}
] |
ZtRgtZqnZrInU8pnsq0t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military service and later career",
"text": "right fielder Carl Furillo, who made a leaping catch above the fence in the 11th inning to preserve a win for the Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Robert Mize (January 7, 1913 – June 2, 1993), nicknamed Big Jawn and The Big Cat, was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "Mize sued because he argued that the company did not have his consent to use his image in the card set."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "The Giants pursued Mize after learning that their first baseman, Babe Young, was going to be forced into military service."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "In exchange for Mize, the Cardinals received Bill Lohrman, Johnny McCarthy, Ken O'Dea, and $50,000.Mize was involved in a 1941 lawsuit against"
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "In 1939, Mize finished second in the league's Most Valuable Player (MVP) voting after leading the league with a .349 average and 28 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "Gum Products Inc. won the lawsuit, but the company stopped producing its Double Play series because of the expenses it incurred during the legal proceedings with Mize."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "In 1942, Mize hit for his lowest batting average to that point in his career (.305), but he hit 26 home runs and led the NL with 110 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "He later said, \"I'm the only guy who played in the major leagues because I couldn't play in the minors.\" Mize was known as both \"Big Jawn\" and \"The Big Cat\" for his smooth fielding at first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "At the end of the 1941 season, however, Cardinals general manager Branch Rickey, who famously believed in trading players before their skills began to decline, traded Mize to the New York Giants."
}
] |
Mize had 2 names that he was referred to sometimes in MLB.
| 2 | 5 |
Johnny Mize
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Malcolm Dickey (June 6, 1907 – November 12, 1993) was an American professional baseball catcher and manager."
}
] |
ZtWwJvQJGRqk2emMYsxs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Dickey was noted for his excellent hitting and his ability to handle pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The ballpark was named after Bill; his brother George; and two famous Arkansas businessmen, Jackson and Witt Stephens."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At Searcy, Dickey played for the school's baseball team as a pitcher and second baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He enrolled at Little Rock College, where he played guard for the school's American football team and pitcher for the baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bill's older brother, Gus, was a second baseman and pitcher in the East Arkansas Semipro League, while his younger brother, George, would go on to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Dickeys moved to Kensett, Arkansas, where John Dickey worked as a brakeman for Missouri Pacific Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Dickey earned $18,000 in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager and coach",
"text": "In 1947, Dickey managed the Travelers."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "In 1930, Dickey hit .339. In 1931, Dickey made only three errors and batted .327 with 78 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Blackburne signed Dickey to play for his team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Malcolm Dickey (June 6, 1907 – November 12, 1993) was an American professional baseball catcher and manager."
}
] |
Bill Dickey was a pitcher.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Dickey
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lewis Robert \"Hack\" Wilson (April 26, 1900 – November 23, 1948) was an American Major League Baseball player who played 12 seasons for the New York Giants, Chicago Cubs, Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies."
}
] |
ZtgJVNp4cTCaAhHmYyOg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In a 12-year major league career, Wilson played in 1,348 games and accumulated 1,461 hits in 4,760 at-bats for a .307 career batting average and a .395 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lewis Robert \"Hack\" Wilson (April 26, 1900 – November 23, 1948) was an American Major League Baseball player who played 12 seasons for the New York Giants, Chicago Cubs, Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Decline",
"text": "He began 1933 with a ninth-inning game-winning pinch-hit inside-the-park grand slam home run at Ebbets Field—the first pinch-hit grand slam in Dodger history, and only the third inside-the-park pinch-hit grand slam in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "On June 22, 1928, a near-riot broke out in the ninth inning at Wrigley Field against the St. Louis Cardinals when Wilson jumped into the box seats to attack a heckling fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "Although the Cubs were in first place heading into the final month of the season, the team faltered and again finished fourth."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "\" \" His love of drinking and partying did not endear him to Cubs owner William Wrigley, who abhorred alcohol consumption. (Wilson always insisted that he never played drunk; \"hung over, yes; drunk, no.\") Manager Joe McCarthy worked hard to shield Wilson from Wrigley, and to keep him on an even keel."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "Though trailing the Series two games to one, the Cubs were leading by a score of 8–0 in the fourth game when the Athletics mounted a 10-run rally in the seventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "Joe could be strict and stern with his players ... but he never was with Hack, and Hack repaid him by playing as he never had before, nor would again."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs | 1930 peak",
"text": "the Commissioner of Baseball officially increased Wilson's 1930 RBI total to 191 after a box score analysis by baseball historian Jerome Holtzman revealed that Charlie Grimm had been mistakenly credited with an RBI actually driven home by Wilson during the second game of a doubleheader on July 28."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Decline",
"text": "He was hitting .261 with only 13 home runs (his 1930 production during August alone) at the time."
}
] |
Wilson played with 5 teams during his 12 year career in the MLB.
| 0 | 5 |
Hack Wilson
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She worked for two years in Boots before taking up a scholarship in 1954 to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA)."
}
] |
Zu0ENqOJE3R77ALRhjpK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "You're all invited. Glenda Jackson is going to endure this, and you're going to witness it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Glenda May Jackson was born on 9 May 1936 in Birkenhead, Cheshire, where her father was a builder and her mother worked in shops and as a cleaner."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She worked for two years in Boots before taking up a scholarship in 1954 to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glenda May Jackson (born 9 May 1936) is a British actress and politician."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "Director Sam Gold describes her portrayal of Lear in The New York Times Magazine : \"She is going to go through something most people don't go through."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "Dominic Cavendish of The Telegraph wrote, \"Glenda Jackson is tremendous as King Lear."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "Marilyn Stasio of Variety wrote, \"Watching Glenda Jackson in theatrical flight is like looking straight into the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1969–1980: Critical and commercial success",
"text": "She gained a second Academy Award for Best Actress for Frank's A Touch of Class (1973), a romantic comedy co-starring George Segal."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–2015: Political career",
"text": "She stated: \"I will be almost 80 and by then it will be time for someone else to have a turn.\" The eventual election was held two days before her 79th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1969–1980: Critical and commercial success",
"text": "She continued to work in the theatre, and returned to the RSC to play the lead role in Ibsen's Hedda Gabler."
}
] |
Glenda Jackson worked for a moment before going to class.
| 0 | 2 |
Glenda Jackson
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in aquatic environments There are about ten million of them in a teaspoon of seawater."
}
] |
Zu7m467sc1Bmr3KRqCNM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in aquatic environments There are about ten million of them in a teaspoon of seawater."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "They infect and destroy bacteria in aquatic microbial communities, and are one of the most important mechanisms of recycling carbon and nutrient cycling in marine environments."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "Bacteriophages are harmless to plants and animals, and are essential to the regulation of marine and freshwater ecosystems are important mortality agents of phytoplankton, the base of the foodchain in aquatic environments."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Bacterial viruses",
"text": "Bacteriophages are a common and diverse group of viruses and are the most abundant biological entity in aquatic environments—there are up to ten times more of these viruses in the oceans than there are bacteria, reaching levels of 250,000,000 bacteriophages per millilitre of seawater."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Host range",
"text": "Viruses are by far the most abundant biological entities on Earth and they outnumber all the others put together."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "This arrangement results in rod-shaped or filamentous virions which can be short and highly rigid, or long and very flexible."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "It is estimated that viruses kill approximately 20% of this biomass each day and that there are 10 to 15 times as many viruses in the oceans as there are bacteria and archaea."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "In January 2018, scientists reported that 800 million viruses, mainly of marine origin, are deposited daily from the Earth's atmosphere onto every square meter of the planet's surface, as the result of a global atmospheric stream of viruses, circulating above the weather system but below the altitude of usual airline travel, distributing viruses around the planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "Viruses are also major agents responsible for the destruction of phytoplankton including harmful algal blooms,"
},
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "In particular, lysis of bacteria by viruses has been shown to enhance nitrogen cycling and stimulate phytoplankton growth."
}
] |
Viruses are not very abundant in aquatic environments.
| 2 | 3 |
Virus
|
Geography
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Les funérailles du général Marceau Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Les funérailles du général Marceau (General Marceau's burial), by P. H. Lamaire (SOUTH façade, right),"
}
] |
ZwNNhzMOwLquUj1qTypS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Les funérailles du général Marceau Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Six reliefs sculpted on the façades of the Arch, representing important moments of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era include: Les funérailles du général Marceau (General Marceau's burial), by P. H. Lamaire (SOUTH façade, right),"
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The ceiling with 21 sculpted roses Interior of the Arc de Triomphe"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "The relief was immediately hidden by tarpaulins to conceal the accident and avoid any undesired ominous interpretations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "The sword carried by the Republic in the Marseillaise relief broke off on the day, it is said, that the Battle of Verdun began in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Another 40 steps remain to climb in order to reach the top, the terrasse, from where one can enjoy a panoramic view of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (UK: , US: , French: [aʁk də tʁijɔ̃f də letwal] (listen); lit. '\" Triumphal Arch of the Star\"') is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the étoile or \"star\" of the juncture formed by its twelve radiating avenues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It qualifies as the world's tallest arch."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "In the prolongation of the Avenue des Champs-Élysées, a new arch, the Grande Arche de la Défense, was built in 1982, completing the line of monuments that forms Paris's Axe historique."
}
] |
There are 6 reliefs sculpted on the facades of the Arch.
| 1 | 8 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in May 1819, first published anonymously in Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819 (see 1820 in poetry)."
}
] |
ZwikMezj63sempCeXwQz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "He previously used the image of an urn in \"Ode on Indolence\", depicting one with three figures representing Love, Ambition and Poesy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem is one of the \"Great Odes of 1819\", which also include \"Ode on Indolence\", \"Ode on Melancholy\", \"Ode to a Nightingale\", and \"Ode to Psyche\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" was not well received by contemporary critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Keats developed his own type of ode in \"Ode to Psyche\", which preceded \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" and other odes he wrote in 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Later responses",
"text": "For the same reason, the 'Ode on a Grecian Urn' drew neither attention nor admiration."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Keats reverses this when describing an urn within \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" to focus on representational art."
},
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "the pipes are able to play forever, which leads the lovers, nature, and all involved to be: A new paradox arises in these lines because these immortal lovers are experiencing a living death."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Their exact date of composition is unknown; Keats simply dated \" Ode on a Grecian Urn\" May 1819, as he did its companion odes."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The poem concludes with the urn's message: Like many of Keats's odes, \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" discusses art and art's audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was only by the mid-19th century that it began to be praised, although it is now considered to be one of the greatest odes in the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in May 1819, first published anonymously in Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819 (see 1820 in poetry)."
}
] |
Ode on a Grecian Urn was a play.
| 0 | 0 |
Ode on a Grecian Urn
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become a cavalry commander of the Emperor Carus's army."
}
] |
ZxUecg3gb9MGZgsDwk2Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early rule | Maximian made co-emperor",
"text": "Some historians state that Diocletian adopted Maximian as his filius Augusti, his \"Augustan son\", upon his appointment to the throne, following the precedent of some previous Emperors."
},
{
"section_header": "Early rule | Maximian made co-emperor",
"text": "Most recently, Emperor Carus and his sons had ruled together, albeit unsuccessfully."
},
{
"section_header": "Early rule | Maximian made co-emperor",
"text": "Diocletian was in a less comfortable position than most of his predecessors, as he had a daughter, Valeria, but no sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Tetrarchy | Foundation of the Tetrarchy",
"text": "The senior Co-Emperors formally adopted Galerius and Constantius as sons in 293."
},
{
"section_header": "Tetrarchy | Foundation of the Tetrarchy",
"text": "Maximian's son Maxentius and Constantius's son Constantine would then become Caesars."
},
{
"section_header": "Early rule | Maximian made co-emperor",
"text": "At some time in 285 at Mediolanum (Milan), Diocletian raised his fellow-officer Maximian to the office of caesar, making him co-emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Retirement and death",
"text": "At Carnuntum people begged Diocletian to return to the throne, to resolve the conflicts that had arisen through Constantine's rise to power and Maxentius's usurpation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title was also claimed by Carus's surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents were of low status; Eutropius records \"that he is said by most writers to have been the son of a scribe, but by some to have been a freedman of a senator called Anulinus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become a cavalry commander of the Emperor Carus's army."
}
] |
Diocletian was the son of the emperor and was groomed for the throne from an early age.
| 0 | 1 |
Diocletian
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sebastian Cabot's voyages",
"text": "Sebastian Cabot, one of John's sons, also became an explorer, later making at least one voyage to North America."
}
] |
ZxuRvnwKdVA2AyYanWvh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sponsorship",
"text": "He still had an expectation of finding an alternative route to China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto [dʒoˈvanni kaˈbɔːto]; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was an Italian navigator and explorer."
},
{
"section_header": "Sebastian Cabot's voyages",
"text": "In 1508 he was searching for the Northwest Passage."
},
{
"section_header": "Additional English voyages",
"text": "This find has changed the understanding of English roles in exploration of that continent."
},
{
"section_header": "Sponsorship",
"text": "4d.) to support Cabot's expedition to \"go and find the new land\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and origins",
"text": "Cabot is known today as Giovanni Caboto in Italian, as Zuan Chabotto in Venetian, and as John Cabot in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions",
"text": "As the island was believed to be a source of brazilwood (from which a valuable red dye could be obtained), merchants had economic incentive to find it."
},
{
"section_header": "Additional English voyages",
"text": "Condon and Jones also revealed that in 1500 the King rewarded Weston £30 for 'his expenses about the finding of the new land'."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and origins",
"text": "John Cabot's son, Sebastian, said his father originally came from Genoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Sebastian Cabot's voyages",
"text": "Sebastian Cabot, one of John's sons, also became an explorer, later making at least one voyage to North America."
}
] |
Italian navigator and explorer John Cabot was trying to find a route to China and his sons followed in his footsteps trying to find the Northwest Passage.
| 1 | 1 |
John Cabot
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1967, Harridge was driving through Wilmette when he struck and killed architect Barry Byrne of Evanston."
}
] |
ZzIcmpFUvXb7vV6OH3aL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He then became president of the American League in 1931, held that post until his retirement in 1958, and then was named president emeritus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Harridge (October 16, 1883 – April 9, 1971) was an American executive in professional baseball whose most significant role was as president of the American League (AL) from 1931 to 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He worked as a railway ticket clerk before being hired in 1911 as the personal secretary to Ban Johnson, president of baseball's American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In 1927, Harridge became the American League secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The American League Championship Series trophy is named the William Harridge Trophy in Harridge's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "At that point the league office was moved to Boston, and Harridge was allowed to keep the Chicago office as well as act as custodian of the American League archive correspondence."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harridge was neither ticketed nor charged in the accident."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Will Harridge was born in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge often cited a 1932 incident as his most difficult decision in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge faced some criticism for his involvement in allowing Arnold Johnson, a business associate of"
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1967, Harridge was driving through Wilmette when he struck and killed architect Barry Byrne of Evanston."
}
] |
Will Harridge, president of the American League, hit someone with his car in the 60's.
| 0 | 5 |
Will Harridge
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport | Railway",
"text": "The first line of the Mumbai Metro opened in early June"
}
] |
ZzOsTBIfT1PaTQ8xlPAD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport",
"text": "Public transport systems in Mumbai include the Mumbai Suburban Railway, Monorail, Metro, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) buses, black-and-yellow meter taxis, auto rickshaws and ferries."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport | Railway",
"text": "The first line of the Mumbai Metro opened in early June"
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "is estimated to $151 to $368 billion (PPP metro GDP) ranking it either the most or second-most productive metro area of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Schools",
"text": "The primary education system of the MCGM is the largest urban primary education system in Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Utility services",
"text": "Under colonial rule, tanks were the only source of water in Mumbai, with many localities having been named after them."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport | Railway",
"text": "The Mumbai Monorail and Mumbai Metro have been built and are being extended in phases to relieve overcrowding on the existing network."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport | Bus",
"text": "Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) lanes have been planned throughout Mumbai."
},
{
"section_header": "Utility services",
"text": "Mumbai, along with the area served by telephone exchanges in Navi Mumbai and Kalyan is classified as a Metro telecom circle."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport | Railway",
"text": "The Mumbai Suburban Railway, popularly referred to as Locals forms the backbone of the city's transport system."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport | Bus",
"text": "Mumbai's transport system has been categorised as one of the most congested in the world."
}
] |
Mumbai dos not have a metro system.
| 2 | 6 |
Mumbai
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States."
}
] |
ZzzcLtDfaq8Vmi2hxjBS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Community ownership | Green Bay Packers Foundation",
"text": "The team created the Green Bay Packers Foundation in December 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Statistics and records | Season-by-season results",
"text": "For the full season-by-season franchise results, see List of Green Bay Packers seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1992–2007: Brett Favre era | 1996: Super Bowl XXXI champions",
"text": "Then-Packers president Bob Harlan credited Wolf, Holmgren, Favre, and White for ultimately changing the fortunes of the organization and turning the Green Bay Packers into a model NFL franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Aaron Rodgers era | 2015",
"text": "It was the longest Hail Mary touchdown pass thrown in NFL history."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers have played in their original city longer than any other team in the NFL."
},
{
"section_header": "Fan base",
"text": "They also have one of the longest season ticket waiting lists in professional sports: 86,000 names long, more than there are seats at Lambeau Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "Green Bay is the only team with this form of ownership structure in the NFL, which does not comply with current league rules stipulating a maximum of 32 owners per team, with one holding a minimum 30% stake."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Aaron Rodgers era | 2015",
"text": "Green Bay started to make a comeback in the second half thanks to a touchdown by Davante Adams and a 27-yard touchdown run by Aaron Rodgers to bring the game within two points at 23–21."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded in 1919 by Earl \"Curly\" Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun, the franchise traces its lineage to other semi-professional teams in Green Bay dating back to 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States."
}
] |
Green Bay Packers is one of the longest running franchise in the NFL.
| 3 | 9 |
Green Bay Packers
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage question",
"text": "Although she received many offers for her hand, she never married and was childless; the reasons for this are not clear."
}
] |
a1egHcGrtIvY0TJlLp0N
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | America",
"text": "He never returned to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir; however, despite numerous courtships, she never did."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage question | Foreign candidates",
"text": "By 1570, senior figures in the government privately accepted that Elizabeth would never marry or name a successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage question",
"text": "Although she received many offers for her hand, she never married and was childless; the reasons for this are not clear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603."
},
{
"section_header": "Accession",
"text": "Although Elizabeth was welcomed as queen in England, the country was still in a state of anxiety over the perceived Catholic threat at home and overseas, as well as the choice of whom she would marry."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "They owed little directly to the queen, who was never a major patron of the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "She feared that the French planned to invade England and put her Catholic cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Ireland",
"text": "Although Ireland was one of her two kingdoms, Elizabeth faced a hostile, and in places virtually autonomous, Irish population that adhered to Catholicism and was willing to defy her authority and plot with her enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage question | Foreign candidates",
"text": "Having previously promised to marry, she told an unruly House: I will never break the word of a prince spoken in public place, for my honour's sake."
}
] |
The Queen of England and Ireland Elizabeth I was never married.
| 4 | 6 |
Elizabeth I of England
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Gershwin (; born Jacob Bruskin Gershowitz, September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres."
}
] |
a2H99wa1lnLRTXsiN5Zg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928",
"text": "It subsequently went on to be his most popular work, and established Gershwin's signature style and genius in blending vastly different musical styles in revolutionary ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1936–37",
"text": "Gershwin's extended score, which would marry ballet with jazz in a new way, runs over an hour in length."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "I have heard of George Gershwin's works and I find them intriguing."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | New York, 1929–1935",
"text": "\"It crossed the barriers,\" per theater historian Robert Kimball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Gershwin (; born Jacob Bruskin Gershowitz, September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "A third account of Gershwin's musical relationship with his teacher was written by Gershwin's close friend Vernon Duke, also a Schillinger student, in an article for the Musical Quarterly in 1947.What set Gershwin apart"
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings and film",
"text": "However, a dispute in the studio over interpretation angered Whiteman and he left."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "The family lived in many different residences, as their father changed dwellings with each new enterprise in which he became involved."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings and film",
"text": "The conductor's baton was taken over by Victor's staff conductor Nathaniel Shilkret."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Estate",
"text": "In September 2013, a partnership between the estates of Ira and George Gershwin and the University of Michigan was created and will provide the university's School of Music, Theatre, and Dance access to Gershwin's entire body of work, which includes all of Gershwin's papers, compositional drafts, and scores."
}
] |
George Gershwin's music crossed over different genres.
| 0 | 0 |
George Gershwin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto is a book by Horace Walpole first published in 1764 and generally regarded as the first gothic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Manfred – the lord of the Castle of Otranto."
}
] |
a2KojXyZvzcp2HE7sD6M
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | Gothic elements",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto is the first supernatural English novel and one of the most influential works of Gothic fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto is a book by Horace Walpole first published in 1764 and generally regarded as the first gothic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and adaptations | Literary",
"text": "Otranto is generally credited with creating the entire Gothic novel genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the second edition, Walpole applied the word 'Gothic' to the novel in the subtitle – \"A Gothic Story\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and adaptations | Literary",
"text": "After a number of other novels were added to the budding Gothic genre, the teenage author Matthew Lewis published The Monk, a novel that directly imitated the formula of Otranto, but took it to such an extreme that some have interpreted the novel as parody."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | Gothic elements",
"text": "It blends elements of realist fiction with the supernatural and fantastical, establishing many of the plot devices and character-types that would become typical of the Gothic novel: secret passages, clanging trapdoors, pictures beginning to move, and doors closing by themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Fairclough, Peter (ed.) Three Gothic Novels (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968) ISBN 0140430369."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and adaptations | Film adaptations",
"text": "Jan Švankmajer directed the surrealist short film Castle of Otranto (1979) based on the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Criticism | Articles",
"text": "Volume 5 (2008): 73–87. Cohenour, Gretchen. \" Eighteenth Century Gothic Novels and Gendered Spaces: What's Left to Say?"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Walpole was fascinated with medieval history, building in 1749 a fake gothic castle, Strawberry Hill House."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Manfred – the lord of the Castle of Otranto."
}
] |
The Castle of Otranto is a gothic novel and is about a king.
| 0 | 0 |
The Castle of Otranto
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pyotr Pyerviy, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj]) or Pyotr Alekseevich (Russian: Пётр Алексе́евич, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ]; 9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V."
}
] |
a2UVDVHIBDfS2yT8HpWi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter's other half-brother, Ivan V of Russia, was next in line for the throne, but he was chronically ill and of infirm mind."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On 29 January 1676, Tsar Alexis died, leaving the sovereignty to Peter's elder half-brother, the weak and sickly Feodor III of Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "A special high official, the Ober-Procurator, served as the link between the ruler and the senate and acted, in Peter own words, as \"the sovereign's eye\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Formally, Ivan V was a co-ruler with Peter, though being ineffective."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter became the sole ruler when Ivan died in 1696, while Peter was 24 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "In 1724, Peter had his second wife, Catherine, crowned as Empress, although he remained Russia's actual ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "After crossing into Russia, Charles defeated Peter at Golovchin in July."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The imperial title of Peter the Great was the following: By the grace of God, the most excellent and great sovereign emperor Pyotr Alekseevich the ruler of all the Russias: of Moscow, of Kiev, of Vladimir, of Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan and Tsar of Siberia, sovereign of Pskov, great prince of Smolensk, of Tver, of Yugorsk, of Perm, of Vyatka, of Bulgaria and others, sovereign and great prince of the Novgorod Lower lands, of Chernigov, of Ryazan, of Rostov, of Yaroslavl, of Belozersk, of Udora, of Kondia and the sovereign of all the northern lands, and the sovereign of the Iverian lands, of the Kartlian and Georgian Kings, of the Kabardin lands, of the Circassian and Mountain princes and many other states and lands western and eastern here and there and the successor and sovereign and ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years",
"text": "Several rulers feared that Peter would claim authority over them, just as the Holy Roman Emperor had claimed suzerainty over all Christian nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pyotr Pyerviy, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj]) or Pyotr Alekseevich (Russian: Пётр Алексе́евич, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ]; 9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May"
}
] |
Peter the Great was the ruler of Russia with his brother.
| 1 | 4 |
Peter the Great
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His father was of English descent, and his mother was a full-blooded Cherokee."
}
] |
a33bpq2GMERWUqekq4vC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "Due to his Cherokee ancestry, Wheat was featured in \"Baseball's League of Nations: A Tribute to Native Americans in Baseball\", a 2008 exhibit at the Iroquois Indian Museum in Howes Cave, N.Y.Wheat died of a heart attack on March 11, 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His father was of English descent, and his mother was a full-blooded Cherokee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zachariah Davis \"Zack\" Wheat (May 23, 1888 – March 11, 1972), nicknamed \"Buck\", was a Major League Baseball left fielder for Brooklyn in the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The Robins made their second World Series appearance in 1920, this time facing off against the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Wheat played his first full season in 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Hamilton, Missouri, he was the son of Basil and Julia Wheat."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Wheat was signed by the Philadelphia Athletics after his release from Brooklyn in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "subtle, but longstanding friction existed between Wheat and his manager, Wilbert Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "As it turned out, Wheat never again managed in the majors, much to his disappointment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most notably, Wheat has the most hits by any player while still a member of the team in the franchise's history, with 2,804."
}
] |
Zack Wheat had Native Indian roots from his mother.
| 1 | 5 |
Zack Wheat
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral",
"text": "La Damnation de Faust, though conceived as a work for the concert hall, did not achieve success in France until it was staged as an opera long after the composer's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "Holoman was responsible for the publication in 1987 of the first thematic catalogue of Berlioz's works; two years later he published a single-volume biography of the composer."
}
] |
a37H1i1sAga1rzRGoC6J
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "Holoman lists six other French biographies of the composer published in the four decades after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1850s: International success",
"text": "In 1854 Harriet died. Both Berlioz and their son Louis had been with her shortly before her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "His successors were Tom S. Wotton, author of a 1935 biography, and Julien Tiersot, who wrote numerous scholarly articles on Berlioz and began the collection and editing of the composer's letters, a process eventually completed in 2016, eighty years after Tiersot's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1840s: Struggling composer",
"text": "Berlioz spent much of his time making music outside France."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "The first biography of Berlioz, by Eugène de Mirecourt, was published during the composer's lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1803–1821: Early years",
"text": "Berlioz was born on 11 December 1803, the eldest child of Louis Berlioz (1776–1848), a physician, and his wife, Marie-Antoinette Joséphine, née Marmion (1784–1838)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Meeting only occasional success in France as a composer, Berlioz increasingly turned to conducting, in which he gained an international reputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral",
"text": "La Damnation de Faust, though conceived as a work for the concert hall, did not achieve success in France until it was staged as an opera long after the composer's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "After the death of his second wife, Berlioz had two romantic interludes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "Holoman was responsible for the publication in 1987 of the first thematic catalogue of Berlioz's works; two years later he published a single-volume biography of the composer."
}
] |
Berlioz was a physician and composer who had biographies written about his life before and after his death in France.
| 0 | 0 |
Hector Berlioz
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "Selee died of consumption (tuberculosis) at the age of 49 in Denver, Colorado, and was interred at Wyoming Cemetery in Melrose, Massachusetts."
}
] |
a3T8JkexGsnTQ6GV1eaN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Selee appeared as a character in the 1991 episode \"Batter Up\" of the animated Back to the Future series, which involved Marty McFly and the Brown children traveling back to 1897 to help one of Marty's ancestors, a player for the Beaneaters, to improve his game."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His successor was Frank Chance, who went on lead the Cubs to four National League titles and two World Series victories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Gibson Selee (October 26, 1859 – July 5, 1909) was an American Major League Baseball manager in the National League (NL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After he left Boston, he went on to manage in Chicago where he built the basis for the Cubs' later success by signing and utilizing the talents of Frank Chance, Joe Tinker, and Johnny Evers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "With the Cubs, he created the famous Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance infield combination, by converting Frank Chance from catcher to first base, Joe Tinker from third base to shortstop, and Johnny Evers from shortstop to second base."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "Selee died of consumption (tuberculosis) at the age of 49 in Denver, Colorado, and was interred at Wyoming Cemetery in Melrose, Massachusetts."
}
] |
Frank expired after quite a lot of coughing up blood.
| 2 | 3 |
Frank Selee
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "After graduating, she received a dance scholarship to the University of Michigan and studied over the summer at the American Dance Festival in Durham, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "But I studied and I got good grades... I wanted to be somebody.\" Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him."
}
] |
a52bXZCddBNg1UgiqqEF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Madonna's father put her in classical piano lessons, but she later convinced him to allow her to take ballet lessons."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "She also studied dance under the tutelage of Martha Graham, the noted American dancer and choreographer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "After graduating, she received a dance scholarship to the University of Michigan and studied over the summer at the American Dance Festival in Durham, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2006: American Life and Confessions on a Dance Floor",
"text": "The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Christopher Flynn, her ballet teacher, persuaded her to pursue a career in dance."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2006: American Life and Confessions on a Dance Floor",
"text": "Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, when she kissed singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera while singing the track \"Hollywood\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Madonna defended her studies, saying: \"It would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party\", and that her involvement with the Kabbalah is \"not hurting anybody\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "But I studied and I got good grades... I wanted to be somebody.\" Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him."
}
] |
American singer Madonna was studious and studied ballet and piano as a kid.
| 0 | 0 |
Madonna (entertainer)
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maximillian George Carnarius (January 11, 1890 – May 30, 1976), known as Max George Carey, was an American professional baseball center fielder and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He managed the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1932 and 1933."
}
] |
a5BBqfGe5ZI3VaHNJNe4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "In 1926, Clarke, now the team vice president, was also serving as an assistant to manager Bill McKechnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maximillian George Carnarius (January 11, 1890 – May 30, 1976), known as Max George Carey, was an American professional baseball center fielder and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "He used the name \"Max Carey\" in order to retain his amateur status at Concordia College."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "The team had a new shortstop, Alex McCarthy, so Carey agreed to play as their left fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was survived by his wife, Aurelia, and a son, Max Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Carey played his final three and a half years with the Robins, but he was aging and no longer the same player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later career",
"text": "The organization stated that they fired Carey due to his inability to get along with his players."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also played baseball, and was a member of the swimming and track-and-field teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "When Carey found out about the remark, he called a team meeting, along with Babe Adams and Carson Bigbee, who were also discontented with Clarke."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "The players voted on whether Clarke should remain on the bench during games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He managed the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1932 and 1933."
}
] |
Max Carey was a baseball player and managed a team that was not the Yankees.
| 0 | 3 |
Max Carey
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Events | Carnival",
"text": "Suvaco do Cristo: Band that parades in the Botanic Garden, directly below the Redeemer statue's arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Events | Carnival",
"text": "The name translates to 'Christ's armpit' in English, and was chosen for that reason."
}
] |
a5JHBDRryn5nHFWm2KY4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to the beaches, some of the most famous landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car; the Sambódromo (Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Events | Carnival",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro has many Carnaval choices, including the famous samba school (Escolas de Samba) parades in the sambadrome exhibition center and the popular blocos de carnaval, street revelry, which parade in almost every corner of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro's government has since undertaken to modernise the city's economy, reduce its chronic social inequalities, and improve its commercial standing as part of an initiative for the regeneration of the tourism industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Different ethnic groups contributed to the formation of the population of Rio de Janeiro."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named \"Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea\", by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial period",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Video games",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro was featured in the racing game Forza Motorsport 6 as a street circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | North Zone",
"text": "Many of Rio de Janeiro's roughly 1000 slums, or favelas, are located in the North Zone."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature | Libraries",
"text": "As with many of Rio de Janeiro's cultural monuments, the library was originally off-limits to the general public."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Theatre",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro's Theatro Municipal is one of the most attractive buildings in the central area of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Events | Carnival",
"text": "Suvaco do Cristo: Band that parades in the Botanic Garden, directly below the Redeemer statue's arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Events | Carnival",
"text": "The name translates to 'Christ's armpit' in English, and was chosen for that reason."
}
] |
There is a street theater group that performs during Rio de Janeiro's Carnaval that is named after a body part of Christ the Redeemer.
| 0 | 0 |
Rio de Janeiro
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Onegin (pre-reform Russian: Евгеній Онѣгинъ; post-reform Russian: Евгений Онегин, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "The first complete edition of the book was published in 1833."
}
] |
a5Jq5dwlAblX8A17VIDL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | Spanish",
"text": "Eugene Onegin was given a direct Spanish translation preserving the original Russian poetic form with notes and illustrations by Alberto Musso Nicholas, published by Mendoza, Argentina, Zeta Publishers in April 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | French",
"text": "There are at least eight published French translations of Eugene Onegin."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "The first complete edition of the book was published in 1833."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | Catalan",
"text": "Arnau Barios has translated the work preserving Pushkin's original stanzas and rhymes; it is published in Barcelona, Spain by Proa in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "Douglas Hofstadter published a translation in 1999, again preserving the Onegin stanzas, after having summarised the controversy (and severely criticised Nabokov's attitude towards verse translation) in his book Le Ton beau de Marot."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Eugene Onegin: A dandy from Saint Petersburg, about 26."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | Japanese",
"text": "There are 6 or more Japanese translations of Eugene Onegin."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1958, Lenfilm produced a TV film Eugene Onegin, which was not in fact a screen version of the novel, but a screen version of the opera Eugene Onegin by Tchaikovsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | German",
"text": "There are at least a dozen published translations of Onegin in German."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1919, a silent film Eugen Onegin, based on the novel, was produced in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Onegin (pre-reform Russian: Евгеній Онѣгинъ; post-reform Russian: Евгений Онегин, tr."
}
] |
The book Eugene Onegin was originally published in 1834.
| 0 | 4 |
Eugene Onegin
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like tardigrades they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but as their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, it shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum."
}
] |
a5vmxy1hqLSiV36mlqHH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "A complete checklist of the world's nematode species can be found in the World Species Index: Nematoda."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Haemonchus contortus is one of the most abundant infectious agents in sheep around the world, causing great economic damage to sheep."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "One of them is Xiphinema index, vector of grapevine fanleaf virus, an important disease of grapes, another one is Xiphinema diversicaudatum, vector of arabis mosaic virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like tardigrades they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but as their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, it shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | History",
"text": "The name of the group Nematoda, informally called \"nematodes\", came from Nematoidea, originally defined by Karl Rudolphi (1808), from Ancient Greek νῆμα (nêma, nêmatos, 'thread') and -eiδἠς (-eidēs, 'species')."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | History",
"text": "He argued they should be called \"nema\" in English rather than \"nematodes\" and defined the taxon Nemates (later emended as Nemata, Latin plural of nema), listing Nematoidea sensu restricto as a synonym."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Some nematode species transmit plant viruses through their feeding activity on roots."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nathan Cobb, a nematologist, described the ubiquity of nematodes on Earth as thus:In short, if all the matter in the universe except the nematodes were swept away, our world would still be dimly recognizable, and if, as disembodied spirits, we could then investigate it, we should find its mountains, hills, vales, rivers, lakes, and oceans represented by a film of nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Depending on the species, a nematode may be beneficial or detrimental to plant health."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Several phytoparasitic nematode species cause histological damages to roots, including the formation of visible galls (e.g. by root-knot nematodes), which are useful characters for their diagnostic in the field."
}
] |
Tardigrades, as defined by the World Species Index, are not Nematodes.
| 1 | 5 |
Nematoda
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Church settlement",
"text": "For this reason alone, it was never in serious doubt that Elizabeth would embrace Protestantism."
},
{
"section_header": "Church settlement",
"text": "The question of her legitimacy was a key concern: although she was technically illegitimate under both Protestant and Catholic law, her retroactively-declared illegitimacy under the English church was not a serious bar compared to having never been legitimate as the Catholics claimed she was."
}
] |
a6OGfvFwjzqPOuUWBThl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Elizabeth was declared illegitimate and deprived of her place in the royal succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anne's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At birth, Elizabeth was the heir presumptive to the throne of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Elizabeth was happy to play the part, but it is possible that in the last decade of her life she began to believe her own performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage question | Virginity",
"text": "Claiming to be the son of Elizabeth, his age was consistent with birth during that 1561 illness."
},
{
"section_header": "Church settlement",
"text": "The question of her legitimacy was a key concern: although she was technically illegitimate under both Protestant and Catholic law, her retroactively-declared illegitimacy under the English church was not a serious bar compared to having never been legitimate as the Catholics claimed she was."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From his birth, Edward was undisputed heir apparent to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Netherlands",
"text": "The siege of Antwerp in the summer of 1585 by the Duke of Parma necessitated some reaction on the part of the English and the Dutch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots | Catholic cause",
"text": "Catholics who obeyed her orders were threatened with excommunication."
},
{
"section_header": "Church settlement",
"text": "For this reason alone, it was never in serious doubt that Elizabeth would embrace Protestantism."
}
] |
Elizabeth I was a sworn Catholic in part because her birth was illegitimate.
| 0 | 0 |
Elizabeth I of England
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Broadcast | International",
"text": "The series airs in over 50 countries."
}
] |
a7Hus3RfzbHgTVhaXAwS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Broadcast | Syndication and streaming",
"text": "Two and a Half Men entered local United States broadcast syndication in 2007, with the first four seasons available to local stations (largely CW affiliates in the major U.S. television markets through major deals with Tribune Broadcasting and the Sinclair Broadcast Group)."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast | International",
"text": "The series airs in over 50 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "Two and a Half Men improved ratings for this time slot, which were up from the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Two and a Half Men received mostly mixed reviews from critics throughout its run."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "The attention Two and a Half Men received due to the change in characters gave the series a boost."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Praises",
"text": "The premise of Two and a Half Men depicts two broken characters that suffer from mental issues such as anxiety, depression, and alcoholism."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "Sheen eventually stated that he would be back for two more seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast | Syndication and streaming",
"text": "Two and a Half Men's first cycle is nine years in length."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Following the filming of the final episode, Stage 26 of the Warner Brothers lot was renamed the \"Two and a Half Men stage\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "At the 2012 Emmys, Two and a Half Men was nominated for four awards and won three of them, the most Emmys the show has won in a single year since it began."
}
] |
Two and a Half Men is broadcast in more than fifty countries.
| 0 | 2 |
Two and a Half Men
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "As many as seventeen new monuments, revealed nearby, may be Late Neolithic monuments that resemble Stonehenge."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "In 2010, the Stonehenge Hidden Landscape Project discovered a \"henge-like\" monument less than 0.62 mi (1 km) away from the main site."
}
] |
a7jlAXvNkfcbS8SUVdDo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "The new discovery was made as part of the Stonehenge Hidden Landscape Project which began in the summer of 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | After the monument (1600 BC on)",
"text": "Roman coins and medieval artefacts have all been found in or around the monument"
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "As many as seventeen new monuments, revealed nearby, may be Late Neolithic monuments that resemble Stonehenge."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "In 2010, the Stonehenge Hidden Landscape Project discovered a \"henge-like\" monument less than 0.62 mi (1 km) away from the main site."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | Before the monument (from 8000 BC)",
"text": "Similar but later sites have been found in Scandinavia."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Setting and access",
"text": "Plans to upgrade the A303 and close the A344 to restore the vista from the stones have been considered since the monument became a World Heritage Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Stonehenge Roundtable Access",
"text": "However, in 1985 the site was closed to festivalgoers by a High Court injunction."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | Before the monument (from 8000 BC)",
"text": "A settlement that may have been contemporaneous with the posts has been found at Blick Mead, a reliable year-round spring one mile (1.6 km) from Stonehenge."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Archaeological research and restoration | 2000s",
"text": "This new hengiform monument was subsequently revealed to be located \"at the site of Amesbury 50\", a round barrow in the Cursus Barrows group."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | Stonehenge 2 (c. 3000 BC)",
"text": "Fragments of unburnt human bone have also been found in the ditch-fill."
}
] |
There was 17 new monuments found close to Stonehenge in 2010.
| 1 | 2 |
Stonehenge
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Younger structures date to classical times."
}
] |
a7kUUFu5Gv3pfg3yzLCP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "Schmidt's view was that Göbekli Tepe is a stone-age mountain sanctuary."
},
{
"section_header": "Dating",
"text": "Structures identified with the succeeding period, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA), have been dated to the 10th millennium BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Dating",
"text": "A number of radiocarbon dates have been published: The Hd samples are from charcoal in the fill of the lowest levels of the site and date the end of the active phase of the occupation of Level III – the actual structures will be older."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer II",
"text": "Rectangular buildings make a more efficient use of space compared with circular structures."
},
{
"section_header": "Dating",
"text": "The imposing stratigraphy of Göbekli Tepe attests to many centuries of activity, beginning at least as early as the Epipaleolithic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Younger structures date to classical times."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer III",
"text": "Carbon dating suggests that (for reasons unknown) the enclosures were backfilled during the Stone Age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tell includes two phases of use, believed to be of a social or ritual nature by site discoverer and excavator Klaus Schmidt, dating back to the 10th–8th millennium BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Dating",
"text": "Remains of smaller buildings identified as Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) and dating from the 9th millennium BCE have also been unearthed."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe follows a geometric pattern."
}
] |
Göbekli Tepe more recent structures date back to the Middle Age.
| 1 | 5 |
Göbekli Tepe
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Girls' Generation (Korean: 소녀시대; RR: Sonyeo Sidae), also known as SNSD, is a South Korean girl group formed by SM Entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "Girls' Generation continued to promote as an eight-member group thereafter."
}
] |
a8GDTxsxC3bW7pLsIqYy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical styles",
"text": "Nevertheless, the group's musical styles have varied widely ever since; Anzhe Zhang from the New York University wrote that despite the fact that Girls' Generation's styles are deemed \"mainstream\" in South Korea, the group \"has grown sonically more experimental."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "Their debut release in Japan was a DVD titled New Beginning of Girls' Generation, released in August 2011, which features seven of the group's music videos and a special bonus footage."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "Girls' Generation continued to promote as an eight-member group thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical styles",
"text": "\"Their 2011 single \"The Boys\" departs for a more \"mature\" style from the group's previous emphasis on \"cutesy\" themes; it incorporates elements from hip hop, a genre that Girls' Generation had never ventured into."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "The Gaon Music Chart announced that Girls' Generation was the most successful girl group of South Korea in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "The group's first world tour, Girls' Generation World Tour Girls & Peace, spanned from June 2013 to February 2014 and consisted of ten concerts in seven Asian countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "With the change of music labels, the group was said to not be disbanded and future activities of the eight-member group remains to be discussed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "Girls' Generation's first release as an eight-member group was \"Catch Me"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical styles",
"text": "Girls' Generation's music is predominantly bubblegum pop and electropop."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "Billboard ranked Girls' Generation at number one on their \"Top 10 K-pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade\" list, published in 2019.In October 2017, SM Entertainment announced that members Tiffany, Sooyoung and Seohyun decided not to renew their contracts with the company to focus on their acting or solo music careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Girls' Generation (Korean: 소녀시대; RR: Sonyeo Sidae), also known as SNSD, is a South Korean girl group formed by SM Entertainment."
}
] |
Girls' Generation is an all girl music group that has more than seven members.
| 0 | 0 |
Girls' Generation
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Affiliation with the Nation of Islam",
"text": "Ali said that he first heard of the Nation of Islam when he was fighting in the Golden Gloves tournament in Chicago in 1959, and attended his first Nation of Islam meeting in 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Conversion to Sunni/Sufi Islam",
"text": "But there is an irony to the fact that while the Nation branded white people as devils, Ali had more white colleagues than most African American people did at that time in America, and continued to have them throughout his career.\" In a 2004 autobiography, Ali attributed his conversion to mainstream Sunni Islam to Warith Deen Muhammad, who assumed leadership of the Nation of Islam upon the death of his father Elijah Muhammad, and persuaded the Nation's followers to become adherents of Sunni Islam."
}
] |
a8WMDs5pUcFlmxfNVzgz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "BET played their documentary Muhammad Ali: Made In Miami."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Muhammad Ali was often dubbed the world's \"most famous\" person in the media."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In time, Muhammad Ali Boulevard—and Ali himself—came to be well accepted in his hometown."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Affiliation with the Nation of Islam",
"text": "Shortly afterwards on March 6, Elijah Muhammad gave a radio address that Clay would be renamed Muhammad (one who is worthy of praise) Ali (most high)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Philanthropy, humanitarianism and politics",
"text": "Ali published an oral history, Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times by Thomas Hauser, in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Vietnam War and resistance to the draft | Impact of Ali's draft refusal",
"text": "\"Ali's resistance to the draft was covered in the 2013 documentary The Trials of Muhammad Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer stated, \"Muhammad Ali belongs to the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Antoine Fuqua's documentary What's My Name: Muhammad Ali was released in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He converted to Islam and became a Muslim after 1961, and eventually took the name Muhammad Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Television appearances",
"text": "For television viewership figures of his fights, see Boxing career of Muhammad Ali: Television viewership."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Affiliation with the Nation of Islam",
"text": "Ali said that he first heard of the Nation of Islam when he was fighting in the Golden Gloves tournament in Chicago in 1959, and attended his first Nation of Islam meeting in 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Conversion to Sunni/Sufi Islam",
"text": "But there is an irony to the fact that while the Nation branded white people as devils, Ali had more white colleagues than most African American people did at that time in America, and continued to have them throughout his career.\" In a 2004 autobiography, Ali attributed his conversion to mainstream Sunni Islam to Warith Deen Muhammad, who assumed leadership of the Nation of Islam upon the death of his father Elijah Muhammad, and persuaded the Nation's followers to become adherents of Sunni Islam."
}
] |
Muhammad Ali was atheist.
| 2 | 3 |
Muhammad Ali
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on Margaret Landon's novel, Anna and the King of Siam (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s."
}
] |
a8iVlWCSB3dW6FzVyVUy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "The musical's most radical change from the novel was to have the King die at the end of the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Holtzmann agreed that a musical based on Anna and the King of Siam would be ideal for her client, who purchased the rights to adapt the novel for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "The pair discussed having an Act 1 musical scene involving Anna and the King's wives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on Margaret Landon's novel, Anna and the King of Siam (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 1",
"text": "Meanwhile, Lun Tha comes upon Tuptim, and they muse about having to hide their relationship (\"We Kiss in a Shadow\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Nevertheless, the King is presented more sympathetically in the musical than in the novel or the 1946 film, as the musical omits the torture and burning at the stake of Lady Tuptim and her partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Recordings",
"text": "The original cast recording of The King"
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Brynner reprises the role",
"text": "According to his biographer Michelangelo Capua, for years afterwards, performers thanked Brynner for having backstage facilities across the country cleaned up."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Rodgers and Hammerstein had disliked Landon's novel as a basis for a musical when it was published, and their views still held."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Original productions",
"text": "They denied his request, but agreed to replace her with the original Ado Annie from Oklahoma!,"
}
] |
The King and I have its origin in a novel from the 1940s.
| 0 | 0 |
The King and I
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was captured in the first and ransomed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him."
}
] |
a8zn6Yf1ZFfW8TRRvy34
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, is the only King of France to be canonized in the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Veneration as a saint",
"text": "Though it is unlikely that Louis did join the order, his life and actions proclaimed him as one of them in spirit."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named after Saint Louis",
"text": "Many countries in which French speakers and Catholicism were prevalent named places after King Louis: San Luis Potosí in Mexico; Multiple locations in the United States, most notably St. Louis, Missouri, named by French colonists."
},
{
"section_header": "Veneration as a saint",
"text": "The influence of his canonization was so great that many of his successors were named Louis after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious nature",
"text": "The rate of confiscation of property from the Cathars and others reached its highest levels in the years before his first crusade, and slowed upon his return to France in 1254."
},
{
"section_header": "Veneration as a saint",
"text": "Louis IX is often considered the model of the ideal Christian monarch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He banned trials by ordeal, tried to prevent the private wars that were plaguing the country, and introduced the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis IX is one of the most notable European monarchs of the Middle Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named after Saint Louis",
"text": "The Cathedral Saint-Louis in Versailles; the Basilica of St. Louis, King of France completed in 1834 and the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis completed in 1914, both in St. Louis, Missouri; and the St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans were also named for the king."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was captured in the first and ransomed."
}
] |
Louis IX was canonized unlike other Kings in his country.
| 1 | 1 |
Louis IX of France
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The structure was designed by the Greek architects Satyros and Pythius of Priene."
}
] |
a9eqmuGmG3ekBjuQ1o8B
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "According to the Roman architect Vitruvius, it was built by Satyros and Pytheus who wrote a treatise about it; this treatise is now lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The structure was designed by the Greek architects Satyros and Pythius of Priene."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "There the images of Mausolus and his queen watch over the few broken remains of the beautiful tomb she built for him."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Pausanias adds that the Romans considered the Mausoleum one of the great wonders of the world and it was for that reason that they called all their magnificent tombs mausolea, after it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "As the Persian satrap, and as the Hecatomnid dynast, Mausolus had planned for himself an elaborate tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions and statues",
"text": "\" We are now able to justify that Pliny's knowledge came from a work written by the architect."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions and statues",
"text": "Much of the information that has been gathered about the Mausoleum and its structure has come from the Roman polymath Pliny the Elder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its elevated tomb structure is derived from the tombs of neighbouring Lycia, a territory Mausolus had invaded and annexed circa 360 BC, such as the Nereid Monument."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence on modern architecture",
"text": "Modern buildings whose designs were based upon or influenced by interpretations of the design of the Mausoleum of Mausolus include PNC Tower in Cincinnati; the Civil Courts Building in St. Louis; the National Newark Building in Newark, New Jersey; Grant's Tomb and 26 Broadway in New York City; Los Angeles City Hall; the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne; the spire of St. George's Church, Bloomsbury in London; the Indiana War Memorial ("
}
] |
The Tomb of Mausolus was designed and built by Roman architects Satyros and Pytheus.
| 3 | 8 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Life since retirement",
"text": "Winfield resides in California with his wife Tonya, and three children, Shanel and twins David II and Arielle."
}
] |
a9jnVEDN6WHqiEinvKYF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The David M. Winfield Foundation",
"text": "When Winfield joined the New York Yankees, he set aside $3 million of his contract for the Winfield Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "The David M. Winfield Foundation",
"text": "He funded The Dave Winfield Nutrition Center at Hackensack University Medical Center near his Teaneck, New Jersey home."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Life since retirement",
"text": "Winfield resides in California with his wife Tonya, and three children, Shanel and twins David II and Arielle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David Mark Winfield (born October 3, 1951) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media",
"text": "During the 1994-95 MLB strike, Winfield and a handful of other striking players appeared as themselves in the November 27, 1994 episode of Married With Children (Season 9, Episode 11)."
},
{
"section_header": "Youth and amateur career",
"text": "He is one of six players ever to be drafted by three professional sports (the others being George Carter, Jo Jo White, Noel Jenke, Mickey McCarty and Dave Logan) and one of three athletes along with Carter and McCarty to be drafted by four leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "The David M. Winfield Foundation",
"text": "The Winfield Foundation also became a bone of contention in Steinbrenner's public feud with Winfield."
},
{
"section_header": "The David M. Winfield Foundation",
"text": "When Winfield joined the Toronto Blue Jays, he learned teammate David Wells was one of the \"Winfield kids\" who attended Padres games."
},
{
"section_header": "The David M. Winfield Foundation",
"text": "Yankee Derek Jeter, who grew up idolizing Winfield for both his athleticism and humanitarianism, credits Winfield as the inspiration for his own Turn 2 Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "The David M. Winfield Foundation",
"text": "Winfield then went on a local radio station and inadvertently invited \"all the kids of San Diego\" to attend."
}
] |
Dave Winfield is a father to 3 children.
| 0 | 0 |
Dave Winfield
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of ammonia through the body wall, and is not associated with any specific organs."
}
] |
a9xTYFjFdeDYwAqyJcl2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of ammonia through the body wall, and is not associated with any specific organs."
},
{
"section_header": "Soil ecosystems",
"text": "Also, nematodes can play an important role in the nitrogen cycle by way of nitrogen mineralization."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "However, the structures for excreting salt to maintain osmoregulation are typically more complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The last portion of the intestine is lined by cuticle, forming a rectum, which expels waste through the anus just below and in front of the tip of the tail."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "In many marine nematodes, one or two unicellular 'renette glands' excrete salt through a pore on the underside of the animal, close to the pharynx."
}
] |
The excrete nitrogen waste.
| 2 | 6 |
Nematoda
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The IUCN Red List identifies the Black, Javan, and Sumatran rhinoceros as critically endangered."
}
] |
aAF6yJLmwBS8YPGnUaHJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A rhinoceros (, from Greek rhinokerōs, meaning 'nose-horned', from rhis, meaning 'nose', and keras, meaning 'horn'), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species therein."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | White rhinoceros",
"text": "However, the northern subspecies is critically endangered, with all that is known to remain being two captive females."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Sumatran rhinoceros",
"text": "There are three subspecies of Sumatran rhinoceros: the Sumatran rhinoceros proper (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis),"
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The living species fall into three categories."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Black rhinoceros",
"text": "However, as of 2008, the current numbers are still 90% lower than three generations ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Sumatran rhinoceros",
"text": "The lip is prehensile. Sumatran rhinoceros are on the verge of extinction due to loss of habitat and illegal hunting."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Sumatran rhinoceros",
"text": "the Bornean rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) and the possibly extinct Northern Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Black rhinoceros",
"text": "An adult weighs from 850 to 1,600 kg (1,870 to 3,530 lb), exceptionally to 1,800 kg (4,000 lb), with the females being smaller than the males."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two of the extant species are native to Africa, and three to Southern Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "For instance, in a study there were three northern white rhinoceroses with 81 chromosomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The IUCN Red List identifies the Black, Javan, and Sumatran rhinoceros as critically endangered."
}
] |
Three kind of rhinoceros are about to be extinct.
| 1 | 3 |
Rhinoceros
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying Game is a 1992 thriller film written and directed by Neil Jordan, produced by Stephen Woolley, and starring Stephen Rea, Miranda Richardson, Jaye Davidson, Adrian Dunbar, and Forest Whitaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a fairground in rural Northern Ireland, a Provisional IRA volunteer named Fergus and a unit of other IRA members, led by a man named Maguire, kidnap a black British soldier named Jody after a female member of their unit, Jude, lures Jody to a secluded area with the promise of sex."
}
] |
aAHtokb5Ad85OkJNJCnM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Crying Game was placed on over 50 critics' ten-best lists in 1992, based on a poll of 106 film critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Boy George"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Dave Berry"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying Game is a 1992 thriller film written and directed by Neil Jordan, produced by Stephen Woolley, and starring Stephen Rea, Miranda Richardson, Jaye Davidson, Adrian Dunbar, and Forest Whitaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The Crying Game received worldwide acclaim from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They ransom Jody for the release of an imprisoned IRA member, threatening to kill him in three days if their demands are not met."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a fairground in rural Northern Ireland, a Provisional IRA volunteer named Fergus and a unit of other IRA members, led by a man named Maguire, kidnap a black British soldier named Jody after a female member of their unit, Jude, lures Jody to a secluded area with the promise of sex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film follows Fergus (Rea), a member of the IRA, who has a brief but meaningful encounter with a British soldier, Jody (Whitaker), who is being held prisoner by the group."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The soundtrack to the film, The Crying Game: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, released on 23 February 1993, was produced by Anne Dudley and Pet Shop Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The film has a 94% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 66 reviews with the consensus: \"The Crying Game is famous for its shocking twist, but this thoughtful, haunting mystery grips the viewer from start to finish."
}
] |
The Crying Game was a 1992 movie and has IRA members.
| 2 | 8 |
The Crying Game
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The film premiered in Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., on October 17, 1939, sponsored by the National Press Club, an event to which 4,000 guests were invited, including 45 senators."
}
] |
aASbe2gYDTNmg1FAxXVB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "When a ban on American films was imposed in German occupied France in 1942, some theaters chose to show Mr. Smith Goes to Washington as the last movie before the ban went into effect."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "\"Mr. Bill Goes to Washington\", a spoof of Mr. Smith Goes to Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The short-lived NBC political drama Mister Sterling (2003) was described as \"a Mr. Smith Goes to Washington for the 21st century\", with the show centering on an idealistic young senator from California, coming to grips with Washington and appointed by a scheming, underhanded governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "\"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington has been called one of the quintessential whistleblower films in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The film premiered in Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., on October 17, 1939, sponsored by the National Press Club, an event to which 4,000 guests were invited, including 45 senators."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Simpsons: The third season episode \" Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington\" is inspired by, and contains several references to Mr. Smith Goes to Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Even the Press Club of Washington was reproduced in minute detail, but the major effort went into a faithful reproduction of the Senate Chamber on the Columbia lot."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Other honors",
"text": "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was named as one of the best films of 1939 by The New York Times and Film Daily, and was nominated for Best Film by the National Board of Review."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The fourteenth season episode \" Mr. Spritz Goes to Washington\" is also inspired by this film."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Academy Awards",
"text": "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, but won only one."
}
] |
The showing of the film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington to which members of the U.S. Senate were invited was cancelled at the last minute because of the rumors that it was "anti-American."
| 0 | 0 |
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "He was tutored by a local Roman Catholic man, Daniel Gallagher."
}
] |
aAwUfIyDtacYbNTq9SFQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "To enter medical school, he required some knowledge of Latin."
},
{
"section_header": "Christianity and Sechele",
"text": "Being a quick learner, Sechele learned the alphabet in two days and soon called English a second language."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "He was a student at the Charing Cross Hospital Medical School in 1838–40, with his courses covering medical practice, midwifery, and botany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Livingstone's fame as an explorer and his obsession with learning the sources of the Nile River was founded on the belief that if he could solve that age-old mystery, his fame would give him the influence to end the East African Arab-Swahili slave trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Livingstone attended Blantyre village school, along with the few other mill children with the endurance to do so despite their 14-hour workday (6 am–8 pm)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His expeditions were hardly models of order and organisation."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "After reading the appeal by Gutzlaff for medical missionaries for China in 1834, he began saving money to enter Anderson's University, Glasgow in 1836 (now University of Strathclyde), as well as attending Greek and theology lectures at the University of Glasgow."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Later in life, Gallagher became a priest and founded the third oldest Catholic Church in Glasgow: St Simon's, Partick."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "While training under the LMS, he and other students were taught Greek, Latin, Hebrew and theology by the Reverend Richard Cecil."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration of southern and central Africa | Nile River",
"text": "With no supplies, Livingstone had to eat his meals in a roped-off enclosure for the entertainment of the locals in return for food."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "He was tutored by a local Roman Catholic man, Daniel Gallagher."
}
] |
Livingstone needed to learn Latin in order to attend medical school, so he learned from a local priest.
| 2 | 5 |
David Livingstone
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban outfielder in Negro league baseball with the Cuban Stars, All Nations, Chicago American Giants, Kansas City Monarchs and Detroit Stars."
}
] |
aBH7kInFo8NcR1ENHwiW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cuban League career",
"text": "A native of Cienfuegos, Cuba, Torriente played in his homeland from 1913–1927 and holds the record for the highest career batting average in Cuban winter league history (.352)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban League career",
"text": "Along with Martín Dihigo and José Méndez, Torriente is considered one of the greatest baseball players from Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played from 1912 to 1932. Torriente was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban outfielder in Negro league baseball with the Cuban Stars, All Nations, Chicago American Giants, Kansas City Monarchs and Detroit Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1923, he was sent out of the game in the third inning after objecting to Umpire Gholson's call at second base."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente would play several years for both teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban League career",
"text": "The Giants added Babe Ruth for this tour of Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente played on the great Chicago American Giants teams of 1918–1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He lists himself as a Cuban citizen and his closest living relative as his mother, Mrs. Felipa Torriente of Havana, Cuba."
}
] |
Cristóbal Torriente started his baseball career in his homeland of Cuba and then played for the Red Sox.
| 1 | 5 |
Cristóbal Torriente
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "A United States postage stamp of 1945 shows the Arc de Triomphe in the background as victorious American troops march down"
}
] |
aBPxCIKTpHSAJg7PUPje
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "A United States postage stamp of 1945 shows the Arc de Triomphe in the background as victorious American troops march down"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "the Champs-Élysées and U.S. airplanes fly overhead on 29 August 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Following its construction, the Arc de Triomphe became the rallying point of French troops parading after successful military campaigns and for the annual Bastille Day military parade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it is not named an Arc de Triomphe, it has been designed on the same model and in the perspective of the Arc de Triomphe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The ceiling with 21 sculpted roses Interior of the Arc de Triomphe"
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is accessible by the RER and Métro, with exit at the Charles de Gaulle—Étoile station."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "President Charles de Gaulle went to Washington to attend the state funeral, and witnessed Jacqueline Kennedy lighting the eternal flame that had been inspired by her visit to France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Famous victory marches around or under the Arc have included the Germans in 1871, the French in 1919, the Germans in 1940, and the French and Allies in 1944 and 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues."
}
] |
The United States has a postage stamp of the Arc de Triomphe with numerous troops marching and planes flying overhead.
| 1 | 5 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a teenager, Faber attended college prep academies in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin and Dubuque, Iowa."
}
] |
aBcsLhAnXoRp68mSuAE6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1909, Faber pitched a season for St. Joseph's College, later known as Loras College."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a teenager, Faber attended college prep academies in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin and Dubuque, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "Had Faber been healthy, he would have almost certainly gotten some of the starts that went to two of the conspirators, Eddie Cicotte and/or Lefty Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "Faber went the distance in the clinching Game 6 two days later at the Polo Grounds, picking up his third win of the Series by a 4–2 score."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "Those problems, along with a case of the flu possibly related to the Spanish flu pandemic, prevented him from playing in the scandal-torn World Series against the Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "He was also among the league leaders in strikeouts each year, while pitching at least 25 complete games and over 300 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In a game against St. Ambrose University that year, he set a school record for strikeouts in a nine-inning game (24)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "He won 25 in 1921 and 21 in 1922, leading the league in ERA (1921–1922), innings (1922) and complete games (1921–1922)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He holds the White Sox franchise record for most games pitched, and held the team records for career wins, starts, complete games and innings until they were later broken by Ted Lyons."
}
] |
Red Faber went to college in Madison.
| 1 | 4 |
Red Faber
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word utopia was coined from Ancient Greek by Sir Thomas More in 1516."
}
] |
aC87qlLWsJfVh2HJL6EV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism",
"text": "These mythical or religious archetypes are inscribed in many cultures and resurge with special vitality when people are in difficult and critical times."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | Interpretations and definitions",
"text": "But even though we find it impossible, they are ridiculous to sinful people whose sense of self-destruction prevents them from believing.\" (The Voyage to Icaria) Marx and Engels used the word utopia to denote unscientific social theories."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism | The Peach Blossom Spring",
"text": "Eventually, the Chinese term Peach Blossom Spring came to be synonymous for the concept of utopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "But if used wrongly, it becomes dangerous."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The term was coined by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional island society in the south Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Feminism",
"text": "Utopias have been used to explore the ramifications of genders being either a societal construct or a biologically \"hard-wired\" imperative or some mix of the two."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism | The Peach Blossom Spring",
"text": "Though narrow at first, he was able to squeeze through the passage and discovered an ethereal utopia, where the people led an ideal existence in harmony with nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Feminism",
"text": "The use of female-only worlds allows the exploration of female independence and freedom from patriarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Religious utopias",
"text": "The Book of Revelation in the Christian Bible depicts an eschatological time with the defeat of Satan, of Evil and of Sin."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "In his original work, More carefully pointed out the similarity of utopia to eutopia, which is from Greek: εὖ (“good” or “well”) and τόπος (“place”), hence eutopia means “good place”, which ostensibly would be the more appropriate term for the concept the word “utopia” has in modern English."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word utopia was coined from Ancient Greek by Sir Thomas More in 1516."
}
] |
The term Utopia was not used by the people of Socrates's time.
| 0 | 0 |
Utopia
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun."
}
] |
aC9drGT16WsYaUwtlmC3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The name \"Uranus\" is a reference to the Greek god of the sky, Uranus."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "In a March 1782 treatise, Bode proposed Uranus, the Latinised version of the Greek god of the sky, Ouranos."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "It is the only planet whose English name is derived directly from a figure of Greek mythology."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "The name of Uranus references the ancient Greek deity of the sky Uranus (Ancient Greek: Οὐρανός), the father of Cronus (Saturn) and grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter), which in Latin became Ūranus (IPA: [ˈuːranʊs])."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure | Internal heat",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224.2 °C; −371.5 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt",
"text": "The labelling of this pole as \"south\" uses the definition currently endorsed by the International Astronomical Union, namely that the north pole of a planet or satellite is the pole that points above the invariable plane of the Solar System, regardless of the direction the planet is spinning."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "Bode argued that the name should follow the mythology so as not to stand out as different from the other planets, and that Uranus was an appropriate name as the father of the first generation of the Titans."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Sir William Herschel first observed Uranus on 13 March 1781, leading to its discovery as a planet, expanding the known boundaries of the Solar System for the first time in history and making Uranus the first planet classified as such with the aid of a telescope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like the other giant planets, Uranus has a ring system, a magnetosphere, and numerous moons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun."
}
] |
The sixth planet in the solar system, Uranus, is named after a Greek god.
| 0 | 0 |
Uranus
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "In 2016, The Social Network was voted the 27th-best film of the 21st century by the BBC, as voted on by 177 film critics from around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2016, it was voted 27th among 100 films considered the best of the 21st century by 117 international film critics."
}
] |
aCrg83lqCHz0XbgetiPE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\" On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 95 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\" and making it one of the site's highest-rated movies of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Social Network is the biggest relief I've ever had in a movie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Social Network appeared on 78 film critics' top-ten lists of the best films of 2010, based on Metacritic's aggregation."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "In 2016, The Social Network was voted the 27th-best film of the 21st century by the BBC, as voted on by 177 film critics from around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2016, it was voted 27th among 100 films considered the best of the 21st century by 117 international film critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Out of the films of 2010, The Social Network appeared on the most top-ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Out of the critics, 22 ranked the film first, and 12 ranked the film second."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "It is cocksure, impatient, cold, exciting and instinctively perceptive.\" Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film his first full four-star rating of the year and said: \"The Social Network is the movie of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "acknowledged the film was \"well-crafted\" but called it \"the anti-social movie\", objecting to Sorkin's decision to change various events and characters for dramatic effect, and dismissing it as \"the story that those who resist the change society is undergoing want to see\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rolling Stone ranked The Social Network second after Moonlight (2016) on its end-of-decade list, describing it as \"one deliciously re-watchable preview of the apocalypse, as entertaining and cheeky as it is troubling and startlingly prescient\"."
}
] |
In 2009, The Social Network was ranked by movie critics from various countries as one of the top 100 movies of this century.
| 0 | 0 |
The Social Network
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million."
}
] |
aCwsF8XQNJphZRziuH8d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "Pakistan is the fourth-largest producer of cotton with the third-largest spinning capacity in Asia after China and India, contributing 5% to the global spinning capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Agriculture and primary sector",
"text": "The country is also the fifth-largest producer of cotton, with cotton production of 14 million bales from a modest beginning of 1.7 million bales in the early 1950s; is self-sufficient in sugarcane; and is the fourth-largest producer in the world of milk."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration",
"text": "Pakistan is home to one of the world's largest refugee populations."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion | Hinduism",
"text": "As of 2010, Pakistan had the fifth-largest Hindu population in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Services",
"text": "As of May 2020, Pakistan has about 82 million internet users, making it the 9th-largest population of Internet users in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Science and technology",
"text": "As of May 2020, Pakistan has about 82 million internet users, making it the 9th-largest population of Internet users in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "By 2030 Pakistan is expected to surpass Indonesia as the largest Muslim-majority country in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion | Christianity and other religions",
"text": "Christians formed the next largest religious minority, after Hindus, with a population of 2,092,902, according to the 1998 census."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "It is the main medium of communication in the country but the primary language of only 7% of Pakistan's population."
}
] |
Pakistan is the fourth largest country by population.
| 2 | 5 |
Pakistan
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanley Frank Musial (; born Stanislaw Franciszek Musial; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed Stan the Man, was an American baseball outfielder and first baseman."
}
] |
aD29Xx87KZhJ5I1pb8eP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Despite his statistical accomplishments, he is sometimes referred to as the most underrated or overlooked athlete in modern American sports history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "Cardinals manager Billy Southworth used Musial as a left fielder to begin 1942, sometimes lifting him for a pinch-hitter against left-handed pitching."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1950–1954",
"text": "Cobb went on to refer to Musial as \"a better player than Joe DiMaggio was in his prime.\" In response, Musial displayed his characteristic modesty, saying, \"Cobb is baseball's greatest."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was of Carpatho-Rusyn descent and his father was a Polish immigrant who always referred to his son by the Polish nickname Stasiu, pronounced \"Stashu\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1955–1959",
"text": "Musial did not see Dark's throw and only noticed"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Musial was surrounded by his family as he died peacefully."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "As a reflection of his popularity, Musial has had infrastructure named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1950–1954",
"text": "Manager Eddie Stanky had a reluctant Musial pitch to Frank Baumholtz, the runner-up to Musial for the best batting average in the NL that season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Musial was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, the fifth of the six children (four girls and two boys) of Lukasz Musial (originally Musiał; ) and Mary Lancos."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "Musial batted .222 for the Series, with two runs scored."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanley Frank Musial (; born Stanislaw Franciszek Musial; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed Stan the Man, was an American baseball outfielder and first baseman."
}
] |
Musial was sometimes referred to as "Frankie".
| 0 | 0 |
Stan Musial
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure | Internal heat",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224.2 °C; −371.5 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
}
] |
aD6GBi7mIPzoPEvS9bh8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Moons",
"text": "The largest of Uranus' satellites, Titania, has a radius of only 788.9 km (490.2 mi), or less than half that of the Moon, but slightly more than Rhea, the second-largest satellite of Saturn, making Titania the eighth-largest moon in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure | Internal heat",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224.2 °C; −371.5 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate",
"text": "The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus' tropopause is 49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Uranian system has a unique configuration because its axis of rotation is tilted sideways, nearly into the plane of its solar orbit."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "The Solar System is hypothesised to have formed from a giant rotating ball of gas and dust known as the presolar nebula."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure",
"text": "A resulting density of 1.27 g/cm3 makes Uranus the second least dense planet, after Saturn."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt",
"text": "The reason for Uranus' unusual axial tilt is also not known with certainty, but the usual speculation is that during the formation of the Solar System, an Earth-sized protoplanet collided with Uranus, causing the skewed orientation."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt",
"text": "The Uranian axis of rotation is approximately parallel with the plane of the Solar System, with an axial tilt of 97.77° (as defined by prograde rotation)."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation",
"text": "The difference between its minimum and maximum distance from the Sun is 1.8 AU, larger than that of any other planet, though not as large as that of dwarf planet Pluto."
}
] |
Uranus is the second most cold in the Solar System, just after Pluto.
| 0 | 0 |
Uranus
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Juan Antonio Marichal Sánchez (born October 20, 1937) (nicknamed The Dominican Dandy) is a Dominican former professional baseball player."
}
] |
aEM6Rqb5Q4Ua5RuPo3Js
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the time, there were no players from the Dominican Republic in Major League Baseball, and his goal was viewed to be unrealistic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Juan Antonio Marichal Sánchez (born October 20, 1937) (nicknamed The Dominican Dandy) is a Dominican former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, most notably for the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | The Greatest Game Ever Pitched",
"text": "By coincidence, future Major League Baseball commissioner Bud Selig attended the game as a fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked #71 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Marichal entered the major leagues on July 19, 1960 with the San Francisco Giants as the second native pitcher to come from the Dominican Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Juan Marichal was born on October 20, 1937, in the small farming village of Laguna Verde, Dominican Republic, the youngest of Francisco and Natividad Marichal's four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Marichal won more games during the decade of the 1960s (191) than any other major league pitcher, but did not receive any votes for the Cy Young Award until 1970, when baseball writers started voting for the top three pitchers in each league rather than one per league (or, until 1967, only the top pitcher in MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ramfis was the primary sponsor of the Dominican Air Force Baseball Team (Aviación Dominicana), against which Marichal pitched a 2–1 victory game in his native Monte Cristi."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2015 the Estadio Quisqueya in his home country was renamed Quisqueya stadium Juan Marichal after him."
}
] |
Juan was sometimes referred to as "The Dominican Dandy" in Major League Baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Juan Marichal
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After his retirement from baseball, they moved back to Buffalo, where Collins worked for the Buffalo Parks Department."
}
] |
aEOGxj0JWrPTJhSxxFer
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The song, originally written by Richard Johnson, recounts Collins' wake in Buffalo, New York, at what is currently K.O. Bar and Grill on Delaware Ave."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After his retirement from baseball, they moved back to Buffalo, where Collins worked for the Buffalo Parks Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Remaining career",
"text": "However, the Americans would not get the opportunity to defend their title, as John McGraw and the New York Giants refused to play them in the postseason."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Collins became a charter member of the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.In"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Collins began his professional baseball career with the minor league Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League, the forerunner of the current International League, in 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After graduating from St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute, he went to work for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and played baseball in the Buffalo City League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major league debut",
"text": "He was soon made the team's starting third baseman, batting .279 over the remainder of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | First World Series",
"text": "The next season, Collins led the Americans to their first American League pennant, winning the league by 14½ games over the Philadelphia Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collins was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."
}
] |
After his baseball career was over, Collins and his wife resettled in Buffalo, New York.
| 0 | 0 |
Jimmy Collins
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Orion is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world."
}
] |
aEusx4iPsjcMbLwpoMlH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History and mythology",
"text": "Orion is used as a symbol in the modern world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Orion is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology",
"text": "The distinctive pattern of Orion is recognized in numerous cultures around the world, and many myths are associated with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Navigational aid",
"text": "Sirius and Procyon, which may be located from Orion by following imaginary lines (see map), also are points in both the Winter Triangle and the Circle."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | European folklore",
"text": "In Siberia, the Chukchi people see Orion as a hunter; an arrow he has shot is represented by Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri), with the same figure as other Western depictions."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Contemporary symbolism | In fiction",
"text": "It comes to Haven once every twenty-seven years when the Barn, a space between two worlds, comes to take the mysterious woman away."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Belt",
"text": "Alnitak is around 800 light years away from earth and is 100,000 times more luminous than the Sun; much of its radiation is in the ultraviolet range, which the human eye cannot see."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Asian antiquity",
"text": "It is known as Shen (參), literally meaning \"three\", for the stars of Orion's Belt. (See Chinese constellations) The Chinese character 參 (pinyin shēn) originally meant the constellation Orion (Chinese: 參宿; pinyin: shēnxiù); its Shang dynasty version, over three millennia old, contains at the top a representation of the three stars of Orion's belt atop a man's head (the bottom portion representing the sound of the word was added"
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Contemporary symbolism",
"text": "The imagery of the belt and sword has found its way into popular western culture, for example in the form of the shoulder insignia of the 27th Infantry Division of the United States Army during both World Wars, probably owing to a pun on the name of the division's first commander, Major General John F. O'Ryan."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Deep-sky objects",
"text": "Another fairly bright nebula in Orion is NGC 1999, also close to the Great Orion Nebula."
}
] |
Orion is easy to see anywhere in the world.
| 5 | 6 |
Orion (constellation)
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Zanuck decided to make a film version of Hobson's novel after being refused membership in the Los Angeles Country Club, because it was assumed (incorrectly) that he was Jewish."
}
] |
aFSaPEbStyvaM1TwJFeN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "In recognition for producing Gentleman's Agreement, the Hollywood chapter of"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Zanuck decided to make a film version of Hobson's novel after being refused membership in the Los Angeles Country Club, because it was assumed (incorrectly) that he was Jewish."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement is a 1947 American drama film based on Laura Z. Hobson's best-selling 1947 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": ", Gentleman's Agreement was one of Fox's highest-grossing movies of 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "Crowther said that \"every point about prejudice which Miss Hobson had to make in her book has been made with superior illustration and more graphic demonstration in the film, so that the sweep of her moral indignation is not only widened, but intensified thereby\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Before filming commenced, Samuel Goldwyn and other Jewish film executives approached Darryl Zanuck and asked him not to make the film, fearing it would \"stir up trouble\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement received a generally favorable reception from influential New York Times critic Bosley Crowther."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He is not very enthusiastic at first, but after initially struggling with how to approach the topic in a fresh way, Green is inspired to adopt a Jewish identity (\"Phil Greenberg\") and writes about his first-hand experiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "He does not fill the pages of books with words that string together into a sermon."
}
] |
The producer of Gentleman's Agreement, was inspired to make a film adaptation of the book after he was denied entry to a business because he was wrongly believed to be Jewish.
| 0 | 2 |
Gentleman's Agreement
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972."
}
] |
aFlc9C4zSGbLUACEwPCF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Tokyo Dome Live in Concert, North American Tour and hiatus",
"text": "On September 12, 2019, Van Halen announced that they would be releasing a box set of the Japanese singles, which was released on November 1, 2019.On September 30, 2019, while promoting an upcoming 2020 solo concert, Roth expressed uncertainty towards the band's future, stating"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of March 2019, Van Halen is 20th on the RIAA list of best-selling artists in the United States; the band has sold 56 million albums in the States and more than 80 million worldwide, making them one of the best-selling groups of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "The Van Halen brothers were born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Alex Van Halen in 1953 and Eddie Van Halen in 1955, sons to Dutch musician Jan Van Halen and Indonesian-born Indo Eugenia Van Beers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Second reunion with Roth",
"text": "The Van Halen News Desk announced on February 15, 2007, that a Van Halen"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1974 until 1985, Van Halen consisted of Eddie Van Halen; Eddie's brother, drummer Alex Van Halen; vocalist David Lee Roth; and bassist Michael Anthony."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2014: A Different Kind of Truth",
"text": "In August 2010, Warner/Chappell Music extended its administration agreements with Van Halen (specifically Eddie and Alex Van Halen)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2014: A Different Kind of Truth",
"text": "It would also be the first Van Halen album to feature Eddie's son, Wolfgang Van Halen, on the bass in place of Michael Anthony."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Gary Cherone era",
"text": "The result was the album Van Halen III."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2003–2005: Reunion with Hagar",
"text": "During January 2003, the VHND (Van Halen News Desk) website reported that Sammy Hagar was working with the Van Halens."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Second reunion with Roth",
"text": "At a post-induction press conference, Hagar said he would love to work with Van Halen again but that the Van Halens should tour with Roth first."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972."
}
] |
Van Halen died in 2019.
| 0 | 0 |
Van Halen
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Humanitarian work and political views",
"text": "Lange is a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), specializing in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in spreading awareness of the disease in Russia."
}
] |
aFxEUQGo9okXATSuG4PW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jessica Phyllis Lange (; born April 20, 1949) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Humanitarian work and political views",
"text": "Lange is a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), specializing in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in spreading awareness of the disease in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "In 2019, Lange received her tenth Emmy nomination - her first in the Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series category - for her work in American Horror Story: Apocalypse."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "They should call up Jessica Lange."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Streep has also been quite vocal and adamant in her praise for Lange's performance, calling her \"beyond wonderful\" in the film and stating, \"I couldn't imagine doing it as well or even coming close to what Jessica did because she was so amazing in it.\" In 2018, Streep further commented, \"Jessica did it better than any human being could possibly have done it.\" Streep has also admitted, \"Every job I've ever taken, about three weeks before I begin, I call up my agent and say, 'I don't think I can do this."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "After several meetings and auditions with other actresses (though Rafelson had already made his decision, he feared he had done so too quickly and wanted to make sure his choice was absolutely right), the final choice was between Lange and Meryl Streep."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Humanitarian work and political views",
"text": "Lange has joined the opposition to Minnesota's wolf hunt."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Humanitarian work and political views",
"text": "Lange also fostered a Romanian child with disabilities during the early 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Photography",
"text": "In 2008, Lange published her own collection of black-and-white pictures entitled 50 Photographs (powerHouse Books) with a special introduction by Patti Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "For her work on the show, Lange earned a third Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actress in a Movie or Miniseries, a third Dorian Award for Best TV Performance of the Year and her first Critic's Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie or Miniseries."
}
] |
American actress Jessica Lange has done humanitarian work specializing in HIV.
| 1 | 2 |
Jessica Lange
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Shawn Corey Carter was born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City on December 4, 1969."
}
] |
aG8SgpP5ea0NmxSKq8a0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), better known by his stage name Jay-Z (stylized as JAY-Z), is an American rapper, songwriter, record executive, entrepreneur, businessman, and record producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Assault conviction",
"text": "So I approached him. When I told him what I suspected, to my surprise, he got real loud with me right there in the middle of the club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Shawn Corey Carter was born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City on December 4, 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationship with Beyoncé",
"text": "Hip-Hop Songs. On June 18, 2017, Beyoncé's father Mathew Knowles confirmed that she and Jay-Z had welcomed twins: a daughter named Rumi and a son named Sir."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2003, Jay-Z, together with his mother, founded The Shawn Carter Foundation, which has assisted eligible students facing socio-economic hardships through college."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "He has also invested in a real estate development venture called J Hotels which recently acquired a $66 million mid-block parcel in Chelsea, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2017–2018: 4:44 and Everything Is Love",
"text": "Everything Is Love, their much-awaited joint studio album, credited under the name The Carters."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "Jay-Z has also established himself as a successful entrepreneur with a business empire spanning a variety of industries from clothing lines, beverages, real estate, sport teams, and record labels."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1995–1997: Reasonable Doubt and In My Lifetime, Vol. 1",
"text": "\" However, the album did feature some beats from producers who had worked with him on Reasonable Doubt, namely DJ Premier and Ski."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "In April 2011, Jay-Z launched a blog-like, lifestyle website by the name of Life + Times."
}
] |
Jay-Zs real name is Shawn
| 0 | 0 |
Jay-Z
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "Soon after Europeans reached Ming China by ship in the early 16th century, accounts of the Great Wall started to circulate in Europe, even though no European was to see it for another century."
}
] |
aGaq7l5ktHxvB4Z3hufB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "Soon after Europeans reached Ming China by ship in the early 16th century, accounts of the Great Wall started to circulate in Europe, even though no European was to see it for another century."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "By the 19th century, \"The Great Wall of China\" had become standard in English and French, although other European languages such as German continue to refer to it as \"the Chinese wall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Han Great Wall",
"text": "Han fortifications starts from Yumen Pass and Yang Pass, southwest of Dunhuang, in Gansu province."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "None of the Europeans who visited China or Mongolia in the 13th and 14th centuries, such as Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, William of Rubruck, Marco Polo, Odoric of Pordenone and Giovanni de' Marignolli, mentioned the Great Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From low Earth orbit",
"text": "he had actually captured it. Based on the photograph, the China Daily later reported that the Great Wall can be seen from 'space' with the naked eye, under favorable viewing conditions, if one knows exactly where to look."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From the Moon",
"text": "strip. The claim that the Great Wall is visible from the moon has been debunked many times (The apparent width of the Great Wall from the Moon would be the same as that of a human hair viewed from 3 km (2 mi) away), but is still ingrained in popular culture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "Early European accounts were mostly modest and empirical, closely mirroring contemporary Chinese understanding of the Wall, although later they slid into hyperbole, including the erroneous but ubiquitous claim that the Ming Walls were the same ones that were built by the First Emperor in the 3rd century"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "The travelogues of the later 19th century further enhanced the reputation and the mythology of the Great Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "The Great Wall concept was revived again under the Ming in the 14th century, and following the Ming army's defeat by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The current English name evolved from accounts of \"the Chinese wall\" from early modern European travelers."
}
] |
Europeans were able to view the Great Wall starting in the 15th century.
| 4 | 5 |
Great Wall of China
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In early October 1954, Charleston fell ill due to a heart attack or stroke."
}
] |
aH31XhBfgXoiPg1gzXq4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "He was admitted to a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, hospital, and died on October 5, 1954, at the age of 57."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Early years, 1915–1920",
"text": "Charleston was also temporarily dismissed from the ABCs and sent to play for the Lincoln Giants in New York until the controversy died down."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In early October 1954, Charleston fell ill due to a heart attack or stroke."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "In 1954 Charleston briefly came out of retirement to manage the Indianapolis Clowns, a barnstorming team that usually played on the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "The Clowns captured the Negro American League pennant in 1954 before Charleston returned to Philadelphia, shortly before his death that fall."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics",
"text": "Charleston was a player-manager until 1941, but his thirty-nine year baseball career continued as a team manager until his death in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Oscar McKinley Charleston (October 14, 1896 – October 5, 1954) was an American center fielder and manager in Negro league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1915, after serving three years in the U.S. Army, the Indianapolis, Indiana, native continued his baseball career as a professional with the Indianapolis ABCs; his career ended in 1954 as a player-manager for the Indianapolis Clowns."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics",
"text": "Between 1915 and 1954, Charleston was a player and/or manager for the Indianapolis ABCs, Lincoln Stars, Chicago American Giants, Detroit Stars, Saint Louis Giants, Harrisburg Giants, Hilldale Club, Homestead Grays, and Pittsburgh Crawfords, as well as the Toledo Crawfords, Indianapolis Crawfords, Philadelphia Stars, Brooklyn Brown Dodgers, and the Indianapolis Clowns."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Negro league player, 1920–1941",
"text": "Charleston retired as a player in 1941."
}
] |
Charleston died of complications of a brain aneurysm in 1954.
| 1 | 2 |
Oscar Charleston
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play recounts his story in flashbacks as Brutus makes his way through the jungle in an attempt to escape former subjects who have rebelled against him."
}
] |
aHIOrFZJnjmFZET9VKqi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the first scene, Smithers is told about the rebellion by an old woman, and then has a lengthy conversation with Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play recounts his story in flashbacks as Brutus makes his way through the jungle in an attempt to escape former subjects who have rebelled against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Brutus Jones, Emperor Smithers, a Cockney Trader"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In two years, Jones makes himself \"Emperor\" of the place."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Emperor Jones was O'Neill's first big box-office hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Emperor Jones was included in Burns Mantle's The Best Plays of 1920–1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Emperor Jones is about an American Negro, a Pullman porter who escapes to an island in the West Indies."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | 1920 premiere",
"text": "The Emperor Jones was first staged on November 1, 1920, by the Provincetown Players at the Provincetown Playhouse in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "When the play begins, he has been Emperor long enough to amass a fortune by imposing heavy taxes on the islanders and carrying on all sorts of large-scale graft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Emperor Jones is a 1920 play by American dramatist Eugene O'Neill that tells the tale of Brutus Jones, a resourceful, self-assured African American and a former Pullman porter, who kills another black man in a dice game, is jailed, and later escapes to a small, backward Caribbean island where he sets himself up as emperor."
}
] |
The story is told from the perspective of a biographer at the deathbed of the eponymous Emperor.
| 0 | 0 |
The Emperor Jones
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the most commonly cited examples of high burlesque, it was first published anonymously in Lintot's Miscellaneous Poems and Translations (May 1712) in two cantos (334 lines); a revised edition \"Written by Mr. Pope\" followed in March 1714 as a five-canto version (794 lines) accompanied by six engravings."
}
] |
aHoXB0tnSRCuGah349WA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "more \"burlesque than sublimity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Modern adaptations of The Rape of the Lock include Deborah Mason's opera-ballet, on which the composer worked since 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the most commonly cited examples of high burlesque, it was first published anonymously in Lintot's Miscellaneous Poems and Translations (May 1712) in two cantos (334 lines); a revised edition \"Written by Mr. Pope\" followed in March 1714 as a five-canto version (794 lines) accompanied by six engravings."
},
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "The 1714 edition of The Rape of the Lock and those that followed from Lintot's press had come with six woodcuts designed by Louis Du Guernier."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "[it] inscribes Belinda's name\", contributed to the eventual naming of three of the moons of Uranus after characters from The Rape of the Lock: Umbriel, Ariel, and Belinda."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The poem's title does not refer to the extreme of sexual rape, but to an earlier alternative definition of the word derived from the Latin rapere (supine stem raptum), \"to snatch, to grab, to carry off\"—in this case, the theft and carrying away of a lock of hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "The 1798 edition, for example, illustrated by a variety of contemporary artists, is particularly noted now for Thomas Stothard's watercolour in which fairies are pictured with wings."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "Arabella Fermor and her suitor, Lord Petre, were both from aristocratic recusant Catholic families, at a time in England when, under such laws as the Test Act, all denominations except Anglicanism suffered legal restrictions and penalties. (For example, Petre, being a Catholic, could not take the place in the House of Lords that would otherwise have been rightfully his.) Petre had cut off a lock of Arabella's hair without permission, and the consequent argument had created a breach between the two families."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When she demands that he restore the lock, however, it is nowhere to be found."
}
] |
The Rape of the Lock is an example of dignified burlesque and it was issued as author unknown.
| 0 | 3 |
The Rape of the Lock
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The officers dub Queeg \"Old Yellowstain.\" The dynamic, intellectual communications officer, Lieutenant Thomas Keefer suggests to the Caine's executive officer, the dutiful Lieutenant Stephen Maryk, that Queeg might be mentally ill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk."
}
] |
aI5MzGnloXoBkaAPuYxT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "He calls Keefer, not Maryk, \"the true author of 'The Caine Mutiny'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "At a party celebrating both the acquittal and Keefer's success at selling his novel to a publisher, an intoxicated Greenwald calls Keefer a coward."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "After the novel's success, Wouk adapted the court-martial sequence into a full-length, two-act Broadway play, The Caine Mutiny Court Martial."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny reached the top of the New York Times best seller list on August 12, 1951, after 17 weeks on the list, replacing From Here to Eternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1954 Columbia Pictures released the film The Caine Mutiny starring Humphrey Bogart as Queeg in a widely acclaimed performance that earned him the third and final Academy Award nomination of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutiny of the title is legalistic, not violent, and takes place during Typhoon Cobra, in December 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "Maryk is tried by court-martial for \"conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline\" instead of \"making a mutiny\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Keefer reluctantly supports Maryk, then gets cold feet and backs out, warning Maryk that his actions will be seen as mutiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The name for the USS Caine came from the bible verse involving Caine killing his brother Abel, and is a reference to the banishment and resulting isolation felt by Caine as a result of his murdering his brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The officers dub Queeg \"Old Yellowstain.\" The dynamic, intellectual communications officer, Lieutenant Thomas Keefer suggests to the Caine's executive officer, the dutiful Lieutenant Stephen Maryk, that Queeg might be mentally ill."
}
] |
The Caine Mutiny was published in the 1950's.
| 1 | 4 |
The Caine Mutiny
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen won two Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song (\"Let It Go\"), the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film, the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film, five Annie Awards (including Best Animated Feature), two Grammy Awards for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media and Best Song Written for Visual Media (\"Let It Go\"), and two Critics' Choice Movie Awards for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song (\"Let It Go\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures."
}
] |
aINMtrPVFIB6O8eU8r4S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", it is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's 1844 fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Origins",
"text": "All of Andersen's fairy tales were, instead, told in song and ballet in live-action, like the rest of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music and sound design",
"text": "The decision, of course, was easy: \"Whenever Disney asks if you want to do a fairy tale musical, you say yes."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Origins",
"text": "Back at Disney, The Snow Queen, along with other Andersen fairy tales (including The Little Mermaid), were shelved."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Later efforts",
"text": "Buck later revealed that his initial inspiration for The Snow Queen was not the Andersen fairy tale itself, but that he wanted \"to do something different on the definition of true love.\" \"Disney had already done the 'kissed by a prince' thing, so [I] thought it was time for something new,\" he recalled."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Later efforts",
"text": "According to Josh Gad, he first became involved with the film at that early stage, when the plot was still relatively close to the original Andersen fairy tale and Megan Mullally was going to play Elsa."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Origins",
"text": "In March 1940, Walt Disney suggested a co-production to film producer Samuel Goldwyn, where Goldwyn's studio would shoot the live-action sequences of Andersen's life and Disney's studio would animate Andersen's fairy tales."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "Frozen is the ninth-highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing animated film, and the highest-grossing 2013 film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Frozen was nominated for various awards and won a number of them, including several for Best Animated Feature."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In April 2017, Disney announced that Frozen 2 would be released on November 27, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen won two Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song (\"Let It Go\"), the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film, the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film, five Annie Awards (including Best Animated Feature), two Grammy Awards for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media and Best Song Written for Visual Media (\"Let It Go\"), and two Critics' Choice Movie Awards for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song (\"Let It Go\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures."
}
] |
The 2013 film Frozen is inspired by a fairy tale and won 2 Grammy's.
| 0 | 0 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The team used LiDAR, ground-penetrating radar and targeted excavation to map Angkor Wat."
}
] |
aIgNi6PTkvmMtahHPtp6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "From a larger historical and even transcultural perspective, however, the temple of Angkor Wat did not become a symbol of national pride sui generis but had been inscribed into a larger politico-cultural process of French-colonial heritage production in which the original temple site was presented in French colonial and universal exhibitions in Paris and Marseille between 1889 and 1937.In December 2015, it was announced that a research team from University of Sydney had found a previously unseen ensemble of buried towers built and demolished during the construction of Angkor Wat, as well as massive structure of unknown purpose on its south side and wooden fortifications."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The team used LiDAR, ground-penetrating radar and targeted excavation to map Angkor Wat."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Construction techniques",
"text": "However, Etsuo Uchida and Ichita Shimoda of Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan have discovered in 2011 a shorter 35-kilometre (22 mi) canal connecting Mount Kulen and Angkor Wat using satellite imagery."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Angkor Wat (; Khmer: អង្គរវត្ត, \"City/Capital of Temples\") is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world, on a site measuring 162.6 hectares (1,626,000 m2; 402 acres)."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "The site was managed by the private SOKIMEX group between 1990 and 2016, which rented it from the Cambodian government."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "Between 1986 and 1992, the Archaeological Survey of India carried out restoration work on the temple, as France did not recognise the Cambodian government at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Construction techniques",
"text": "The monument was made out of 5 to 10 million sandstone blocks with a maximum weight of 1.5 tons each."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "The Conservation d'Angkor was responsible for the research, conservation, and restoration activities carried out at Angkor until the early 1970s, and a major restoration of Angkor was undertaken in the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Tourism",
"text": "Tourism has also provided some additional funds for maintenance—as of 2000 approximately 28% of ticket revenues across the whole Angkor site was spent on the temples—although most work is carried out by teams sponsored by foreign governments rather than by the Cambodian authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In an area of Cambodia where there is an important group of ancient structures, it is the southernmost of Angkor's main sites."
}
] |
Angkor Wat is a temple complex that was mapped out by sonar techniques in 2015 by a group of University of Sydney scientist.
| 0 | 0 |
Angkor Wat
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "At 15, Fox made her acting debut in the 2001 film Holiday in the Sun, as spoiled heiress Brianna Wallace and rival of Alex Stewart (Ashley Olsen), which was released direct-to-DVD on November 20, 2001."
}
] |
aIiTzubJQ7FhoRHJ0aVM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Megan Denise Fox (born May 16, 1986) is an American actress and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She began her acting career in 2001, with several minor television and film roles, and played a regular role on the Hope & Faith television sitcom."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "At 15, Fox made her acting debut in the 2001 film Holiday in the Sun, as spoiled heiress Brianna Wallace and rival of Alex Stewart (Ashley Olsen), which was released direct-to-DVD on November 20, 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "A production assistant who worked on Transformers also stated that he never saw Fox act inappropriately on set."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Megan Fox was born on May 16, 1986 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to parents Gloria Darlene (Cisson) and Franklin Thomas Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "People named her one of 2012's and 2017's Most Beautiful at Every Age."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fox began her training in dance and drama at age five, in Kingston, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 10, after moving to St. Petersburg, Florida, Fox continued her training."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 17, she tested out of school via correspondence in order to move to Los Angeles, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "Her tattoos, which she began getting at age 19 as a form of self-expression, helped popularize tattoo fashion."
}
] |
Megan Fox started her acting career at the age of 16.
| 1 | 6 |
Megan Fox
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | First operas: 1810–1815",
"text": "Rossini's first opera to be staged was La cambiale di matrimonio, a one-act comedy, given at the small Teatro San Moisè in November 1810."
}
] |
aJGrtHySNTYgjC29l0Sz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Giuseppe was imprisoned at least twice: first in 1790 for insubordination to local authorities in a dispute about his employment as town trumpeter; and in 1799 and 1800 for republican activism and support of the troops of Napoleon against the Pope's Austrian backers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "It was publicly staged in 1812, after the composer's first successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | First operas: 1810–1815",
"text": "1815 marked an important stage in Rossini's career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | First operas: 1810–1815",
"text": "Rossini's first opera to be staged was La cambiale di matrimonio, a one-act comedy, given at the small Teatro San Moisè in November 1810."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "Amongst the most notable of these, all containing virtuoso singing roles, were Mosè in Egitto (1818), La donna del lago (1819), Maometto II (1820) all staged in Naples, and Semiramide, his last opera written for Italy, staged at La Fenice in Venice in 1823."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "The continuing popularity of his comic operas (and the decline in staging his opere serie), the overthrow of the singing and staging styles of his period, and the emerging concept of the composer as \"creative artist\" rather than craftsman, diminished and distorted Rossini's place in music history even though the forms of Italian opera continued up to the period of verismo to be indebted to his innovations."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Early works",
"text": "These qualities are also evident in Rossini's early operas, especially his farse (one-act farces), rather than his more formal opere serie."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | First operas: 1810–1815",
"text": "He later described the San Moisè as an ideal theatre for a young composer learning his craft – \"everything tended to facilitate the début of a novice composer\": it had no chorus, and a small company of principals; its main repertoire consisted of one-act comic operas (farse), staged with modest scenery and minimal rehearsal."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Vienna and London: 1820–1824",
"text": "When he attended a performance of Il barbiere at the Théâtre-Italien he was applauded, dragged onto the stage, and serenaded by the musicians."
}
] |
Gioachino Rossini earliest opera was staged in early 1800.
| 0 | 5 |
Gioachino Rossini
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chandler's father allegedly rescued his mother from an orphanage and married her when she was 15, but no record of their marriage has ever been found."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Chandler was born in the farming community of Corydon, Kentucky, in 1898."
}
] |
aJSV7qnfmr78F95ToeQJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His full brother, Robert Chandler, died when he fell from a cherry tree when he was 13 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She had married again and he had three half-siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chandler's father allegedly rescued his mother from an orphanage and married her when she was 15, but no record of their marriage has ever been found."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "His Southern drawl and his willingness to sing \"My Old Kentucky Home\" with very little encouragement led some sportswriters to opine that he was too undignified for the office."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On November 12, 1925, Chandler married Mildred Lucille Watkins, a teacher at the Margaret Hall School for Girls."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "When Durocher subsequently married Day, a local Catholic priest declared that attending Dodgers games was a venial sin."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "He implemented an old-age assistance program authorized by an earlier constitutional amendment, and in 1938, he proposed another amendment that would add dependent children and needy blind people to the state's assistance rolls."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "Charges were levelled by both sides, including accusations that Durocher was a philanderer because of his alleged involvement with married actress Laraine Day, which ultimately resulted in Day's divorce."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After a year, Chandler was not able to afford Harvard."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "The following year, Harvard University awarded him the same degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Chandler was born in the farming community of Corydon, Kentucky, in 1898."
}
] |
Happy's female parent did marry his daddy at only fifteen years old.
| 0 | 0 |
Happy Chandler
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season."
}
] |
aJvBgOQ3hv0zZ0UgZjd3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Shakespeare in Love contains several references to Twelfth Night."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "An adaptation of Twelfth Night by Cathleen Nesbitt for the BBC was the first complete Shakespeare play ever broadcast on British radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "In 2017/18, the Royal Shakespeare Company staged Twelfth Night, which was directed by Christopher Luscombe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The full title of the play is Twelfth Night, or What You Will."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The Baker Street Irregulars believe Sherlock Holmes's birthday to be 6 January due to the fact that Holmes quotes twice from Twelfth Night whereas he quotes only once from other Shakespeare plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Near the end of the movie, Elizabeth I (Judi Dench) asks Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) to write a comedy for the Twelfth Night holiday."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"American playwright Ken Ludwig wrote a play inspired by the details of Twelfth Night, called Leading Ladies."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage | Plays",
"text": "Both plays were originally written for submission to the American Shakespeare Center's call for plays in conversation with the Bard through the Shakespeare's New Contemporaries program."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage | Plays",
"text": "In New York City, Turn to Flesh Productions(TTF), a theatre company that specializes in creating \"new Shakespeare shows\" developed two plays focused on Malvolio: A Comedy of Heirors, or The Imposters by verse playwright, Emily C. A. Snyder, which imagined a disgraced Malvolio chasing down two pairs of female twins in Syracuse and Ephesus, and Malvolio's Revenge by verse playwright, Duncan Pflaster, a queer sequel to Twelfth Night."
}
] |
Twelfth Night is a sorrowful play by Shakespeare.
| 0 | 0 |
Twelfth Night
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eichmann was captured by the Mossad in Argentina on 11 May 1960 and subsequently found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicised trial in Jerusalem, where he was executed by hanging in 1962."
}
] |
aK44BPA2MpPmnpeLhnmU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "On 15 December 1961, Eichmann was sentenced to death by hanging."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto Adolf Eichmann ( AHIKH-mən, German: [ˈɔto ˈaːdɔlf ˈaɪçman]; 19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German-Austrian SS-Obersturmbannführer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust—the \"Final Solution to the Jewish Question\" in Nazi terminology."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial | Appeals and execution",
"text": "At 8:00 p.m. on 31 May, Eichmann was informed that his final appeal had been denied."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His parents were Adolf Karl Eichmann, a bookkeeper, and Maria (née Schefferling), a housewife."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "When considering the sentence, the judges concluded that Eichmann had not merely been following orders, but believed in the Nazi cause wholeheartedly and had been a key perpetrator of the genocide."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial | Appeals and execution",
"text": "\"I hope that all of you will follow me\", making those his final words."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Otto Adolf Eichmann, the eldest of five children, was born in 1906 to a Calvinist Protestant family in Solingen, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "Several survivors of the Holocaust dedicated themselves to finding Eichmann and other Nazis, and among them was Jewish Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Eichmann was promoted to SS-Obersturmführer (first lieutenant) in July 1938, and appointed to the Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna, created in August."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture",
"text": "US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) documents declassified in 2006 show that the capture of Eichmann caused alarm at the CIA and West German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eichmann was captured by the Mossad in Argentina on 11 May 1960 and subsequently found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicised trial in Jerusalem, where he was executed by hanging in 1962."
}
] |
Adolf EIchmann was a huge organizer of the Holocaust and was finally caught in Central America where he was sentenced to death.
| 2 | 7 |
Adolf Eichmann
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After suffering a series of strokes and congestive heart failure, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home in Citrus Hills, Florida."
}
] |
aKv3IXp3A3gpZo0NoeJu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1946–1949",
"text": "Williams ran away as the winner in the MVP voting."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Williams sat out the first month of the 1955 season due to a divorce settlement with his wife, Doris."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1950–1955",
"text": "On May 21, Williams passed Chuck Klein for 10th place, on May 25 Williams passed Rogers Hornsby for 9th place, and on July 5 Williams passed Al Simmons for 8th place all-time in career home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "He maintained a career-long feud with SPORT magazine due to a 1948 feature article in which the SPORT reporter included a quote from Williams' mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "On August 25, Williams passed Johnny Mize for sixth place, and on September 3, Williams passed Joe DiMaggio for fifth all-time in career home runs with his 362nd career home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "On September 6, Williams hit his 332nd career home run, passing Hank Greenberg for seventh all-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "He'd shoot from wingovers, zooms, and barrel rolls, and after a few passes the sleeve was ribbons."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Williams passed his physical and in May, after only playing in six major league games, began refresher flight training and qualification prior to service in Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "He helped pass his expertise of playing left-field in front of the Green Monster, to his successor on the Red Sox, Carl Yastrzemski."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1946–1949",
"text": "On April 28, Williams hit his 223rd career home run, breaking the record for most home runs in a Red Sox uniform, passing Jimmie Foxx."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After suffering a series of strokes and congestive heart failure, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home in Citrus Hills, Florida."
}
] |
Williams passed away due to a brain aneurysm.
| 0 | 2 |
Ted Williams
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Humans | Role in disease | Role in mental abilities and intelligence",
"text": "In other words, a significant proportion of genes associated with intelligence is passed on to the male offspring from the maternal side and to the female offspring from either/both maternal and paternal side."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Role in disease | Role in mental abilities and intelligence",
"text": "For reasons that are not yet understood, there is an excess proportion of genes on the X-chromosome that are associated with the development of intelligence, with no obvious links to other significant biological functions."
}
] |
aL2WXtVQXA3xRSiZ1xrd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "\\displaystyle F_{1}=1} ), and at his parents' generation, his X chromosome came from a single parent ("
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "F_{3}=2} ). The maternal grandfather received his X chromosome from his mother, and the maternal grandmother received X chromosomes from both of her parents, so three great-grandparents contributed to the male descendant's X chromosome ("
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "Luke Hutchison noticed that a number of possible ancestors on the X chromosome inheritance line at a given ancestral generation follows the Fibonacci sequence."
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "A male individual has an X chromosome, which he received from his mother, and a Y chromosome, which he received from his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "The male counts as the \"origin\" of his own X chromosome ("
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "\\displaystyle F_{2}=1} ). The male's mother received one X chromosome from her mother (the son's maternal grandmother), and one from her father (the son's maternal grandfather), so two grandparents contributed to the male descendant's X chromosome ("
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "\\displaystyle F_{4}=3} ). Five great-great-grandparents contributed to the male descendant's X chromosome ("
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Role in disease | Numerical abnormalities",
"text": "They are fertile and their children do not inherit the condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "F 1 F 1 = 1 {"
},
{
"section_header": "Inheritance pattern",
"text": "F 2 F 2 = 1 {"
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Role in disease | Role in mental abilities and intelligence",
"text": "In other words, a significant proportion of genes associated with intelligence is passed on to the male offspring from the maternal side and to the female offspring from either/both maternal and paternal side."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Role in disease | Role in mental abilities and intelligence",
"text": "For reasons that are not yet understood, there is an excess proportion of genes on the X-chromosome that are associated with the development of intelligence, with no obvious links to other significant biological functions."
}
] |
The X chromosome correlates with physical strength and endurance in inheritance from parent to child.
| 0 | 0 |
X chromosome
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lysistrata ( or ; Attic Greek: Λυσιστράτη, Lysistrátē, \"Army Disbander\") is an ancient Greek comedy by Aristophanes, originally performed in classical Athens in 411 BC."
}
] |
aLAJcTI216mrvqHT5lMb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": ": The tragic poet is mentioned briefly as the source of a ferocious oath that Lysistrata proposes to her comrades, in which a shield is to be filled with blood; the oath is found in Seven Against Thebes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lysistrata ( or ; Attic Greek: Λυσιστράτη, Lysistrátē, \"Army Disbander\") is an ancient Greek comedy by Aristophanes, originally performed in classical Athens in 411 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "2015: American filmmaker Spike Lee's film Chi-Raq is based on Lysistrata, transposing the events of the play into modern-day inner-city Chicago, substituting gun violence among African-Americans for the Peloponnesian War and rhyming rap dialog for the more formal Greek poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She has convened a meeting of women from various Greek city-states that are at war with each other. (There is no explanation of how she manages this, but the satirical nature of the play makes this unimportant.) Soon after she confides in her friend her concerns for the female sex, the women begin arriving."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Comedy",
"text": "Parabasis: In Classical Greek comedy, parabasis is 'a speech in which the chorus comes forward and addresses the audience'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At this time, Greek theatre was a profound form of entertainment, which was extremely popular for all audiences as it addressed political issues relevant to that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy",
"text": "The play was set at the Dionysia, much as the original may have been. 2005: Another operatic version of the play, Lysistrata, or The Nude Goddess, composed by Mark Adamo, premiered at the Houston Grand Opera in March."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "CALONICE CALONICE As indeed we are! These lines, spoken by the Athenian Lysistrata and her friend Calonice at the beginning of the play, set the scene for the action that follows."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The following list of identities mentioned in the play gives some indication of the difficulty faced by any producer trying to stage Lysistrata for modern audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Its protagonist, a sausage-seller named Agoracritus, emerges at the end of the play as the improbable saviour of Athens (Lysistrata is its saviour thirteen years later)."
}
] |
Lysistrata is a tragic Greek play.
| 0 | 0 |
Lysistrata
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She attended Washington-Lee High School, where she was on the cheerleading squad and acted in school theatrical productions."
}
] |
aLF9WShDZlkbSba6zor9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "MacLaine played baseball on an all-boys team, holding the record for most home runs, which earned her the nickname \"Powerhouse\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "My Mom, Shirley MacLaine. MacLaine has called the book \"virtually all"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty; April 24, 1934) is an American film, television, and theater actress, singer, dancer, activist, and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The latter of these was released as the acclaimed live album Shirley MacLaine Live at the Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "MacLaine made her film debut in Alfred Hitchcock's The Trouble with Harry (1955), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She attended Washington-Lee High School, where she was on the cheerleading squad and acted in school theatrical productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "MacLaine's film career started in 1955 in Alfred Hitchcock's classic thriller The Trouble With Harry."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She has a strong interest in spirituality and metaphysics, the central theme of some of her best-selling books, including Out on a Limb and Dancing in the Light."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The summer before her senior year of high school, MacLaine went to New York City to try acting on Broadway, having minor success in the chorus of Oklahoma!"
}
] |
As a teenager, Shirley MacLaine joined the tennis team in her school to stay out of trouble.
| 0 | 0 |
Shirley MacLaine
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr. (born January 31, 1947), nicknamed The Ryan Express, is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, previous chief executive officer (CEO) of the Texas Rangers, and previous executive advisor to the Houston Astros."
}
] |
aLFUPegTQPXeFegEnRzH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only three players in history to have his number retired by at least three teams, along with Jackie Robinson (whose number was retired by Major League Baseball) and Frank Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan and Frank Robinson are the only two major league players to have their number retired by three teams on which they played."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "He was the final active player from the 1960s to retire from Major League Baseball, outlasting Carlton Fisk (the final active position player) by three months."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only 29 players in baseball history to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four different decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr. (born January 31, 1947), nicknamed The Ryan Express, is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, previous chief executive officer (CEO) of the Texas Rangers, and previous executive advisor to the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | California Angels (1972–1979)",
"text": "On July 9, 1972, Ryan struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 3–0 win over the Boston Red Sox; he became the seventh American League pitcher to accomplish the immaculate inning, and the first (and currently only) pitcher in Major League history to accomplish the feat in both leagues. (On April 19, 1968, he had struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 2–1 win over the St. Louis Cardinals, becoming the eighth National League pitcher and the 14th pitcher in Major League history to accomplish the feat.) In 1973, Ryan set his first major record when he struck out 383 batters in one season, beating Sandy Koufax's old mark by one."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "That year, he ranked 41st on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "In 1967, Ryan pitched three games in relief for the Class AAA Jacksonville Suns, started one game for the Class A Winter Haven Mets and pitched eight games for the Mets team in the Florida Instructional League."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Two managers, Casey Stengel (Yankees and Mets) and Sparky Anderson (Reds and Tigers) also had their numbers retired by more than one team."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan played in more seasons (27) than any other player in modern (since 1900) major league history."
}
] |
Nolan Ryan is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) catcher, is one of only three players in history to have his number retired by at least three teams.
| 0 | 0 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolphe Charles Adam (French: [adɔlf adɑ̃]; 24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer and music critic."
}
] |
aM8rxb8yByEb4XUdSHPR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Like many other French composers, he made a living largely by playing the organ."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolphe Charles Adam (French: [adɔlf adɑ̃]; 24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer and music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam was determined, however and studied and composed secretly under the tutelage of his older friend Ferdinand Hérold, a popular composer of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adam was a noted teacher, who taught Delibes and other influential composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1821, where he studied organ and harmonium under the celebrated opera composer François-Adrien Boieldieu."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adolphe Adam was born in Paris, to Jean-Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was a prominent Alsatian composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A prolific composer of operas and ballets, he is best known today for his ballets Giselle (1841) and Le corsaire (1856, his last work), his operas Le postillon de Lonjumeau (1836), Le toréador (1849) and Si j'étais roi (1852) and his Christmas carol Minuit, chrétiens! (1844), later set to different English lyrics and widely sung as \"O Holy Night\" (1847)."
}
] |
Adolphe Adam was a 20th century French composer.
| 0 | 0 |
Adolphe Adam
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Martin Joel (born May 9, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and pianist."
}
] |
aMMvKvEtWsZ0lbYT6msF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "His teachers included the noted American pianist Morton Estrin and musician Timothy Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1977: Streetlife Serenade and Turnstiles",
"text": "'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "On December 12, 2011 Joel became the first non-classical musician honored with a portrait in Steinway Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1979–1983: Glass Houses and The Nylon Curtain",
"text": "Joel has stated that he wanted the album to communicate his feelings about the American Dream and how changes in American politics during the Reagan years meant that \"all of a sudden you weren't going to be able to inherit [the kind of life]"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "On January 7, 2014, the Billy Joel in Concert tour began."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "He has also sponsored the Billy Joel Visiting Composer Series at Syracuse University."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "He also admitted that Canadian folk-pop musician Gordon Lightfoot was the musical inspiration for"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Martin Joel (born May 9, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2013, Joel received the Kennedy Center Honors, for influencing American culture through the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel has a half-brother, Alexander Joel, born to his father in Europe, who became a classical conductor there."
}
] |
Billy Joel is an American musician.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Joel
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J. D. Salinger, partially published in serial form in 1945–1946 and as a novel in 1951."
}
] |
aMj79w57PBu3gYRO0xUo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bill Gates said that The Catcher in the Rye is one of his favorite books."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "When The Catcher in the Rye was first released, many offers were made to adapt it for the screen, including one from Samuel Goldwyn, producer of My Foolish Heart."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "In 1981, it was both the most censored book and the second most taught book in public schools in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In June 2009, the BBC's Finlo Rohrer wrote that, 58 years since publication, the book is still regarded \"as the defining work on what it is like to be a teenager.\" Adam Gopnik considers it one of the \"three perfect books\" in American literature, along with Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Great Gatsby, and believes that \"no book has ever captured a city better than Catcher in the Rye captured New York in the fifties."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "According to the American Library Association, The Catcher in the Rye was the 10th most frequently challenged book from 1990 to 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "Writer-director Billy Wilder recounted his abortive attempts to snare the novel's rights: Of course I read The Catcher in the Rye... Wonderful book."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "This \"catcher in the rye\" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children"
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "I never saw him. That was J.D. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Shortly after its publication, in an article for The New York Times, Nash K. Burger called it \"an unusually brilliant novel,\" while James Stern wrote an admiring review of the book in a voice imitating Holden's."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J. D. Salinger, partially published in serial form in 1945–1946 and as a novel in 1951."
}
] |
The Catcher in the Rye book was made public in 1952.
| 0 | 0 |
The Catcher in the Rye
|
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