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Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Before finally agreeing on Who Framed Roger Rabbit as the film's title, working titles included Murder in Toontown, Toons, Dead Toons Don't Pay Bills, The Toontown Trial, Trouble in Toontown, and Eddie Goes to Toontown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Loosely based on the 1981 novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit?"
}
] |
axikrlKEhjaPpcwPsqbJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Proposed sequel",
"text": "he were working on a development proposal for an animated Disney buddy comedy starring Mickey Mouse and Roger Rabbit called The Stooge, based on the 1952 film of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Before finally agreeing on Who Framed Roger Rabbit as the film's title, working titles included Murder in Toontown, Toons, Dead Toons Don't Pay Bills, The Toontown Trial, Trouble in Toontown, and Eddie Goes to Toontown."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Who Framed Roger Rabbit received near-universal acclaim from critics, making Business Insider's \"best comedy movies of all time, according to critics\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Loosely based on the 1981 novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit?"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Proposed sequel",
"text": "Nat Mauldin was hired to write a prequel titled Roger Rabbit: The Toon Platoon, set in 1941 to 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?, the toons were comic-strip characters rather than movie stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Desson Thomson of The Washington Post considered Roger Rabbit to be \"a definitive collaboration of pure talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The film also inspired a short-lived comic-book and video-game spin-offs, including two PC games, the Japanese version of The Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle (which features Roger instead of Bugs), a 1989 game released on the Nintendo Entertainment System, and a 1991 game released on the Game Boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The work of American composer Carl Stalling heavily influenced Silvestri's work on Who Framed Roger Rabbit."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Proposed sequel",
"text": "The proposed film is set to a prequel, taking place five years before Who Framed Roger Rabbit and part of the story is about how Roger met Jessica."
}
] |
Who Framed Roger Rabbit was the only title considered since the movie is based off of a book with the same name.
| 1 | 2 |
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Resonance occurs when a system is able to store and easily transfer energy between two or more different storage modes (such as kinetic energy and potential energy in the case of a simple pendulum)."
}
] |
ayjUNWEDDoT2bbeocSIG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Resonators",
"text": "Since these can be viewed as being made of many coupled moving parts (such as atoms), they can have correspondingly many resonant frequencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Resonance occurs when a system is able to store and easily transfer energy between two or more different storage modes (such as kinetic energy and potential energy in the case of a simple pendulum)."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Mechanical and acoustic resonance",
"text": "As a countermeasure, shock mounts can be installed to absorb resonant frequencies and thus dissipate the absorbed energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Q factor",
"text": "Higher Q indicates a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy of the oscillator, i.e., the oscillations die out more slowly."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Mechanical and acoustic resonance",
"text": "Mechanical resonance is the tendency of a mechanical system to absorb more energy when the frequency of its oscillations matches the system's natural frequency of vibration than it does at other frequencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples",
"text": "This is because the energy the swing absorbs is maximized when the pushes match the swing's natural oscillations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Small periodic forces that are near a resonant frequency of the system have the ability to produce large amplitude oscillations in the system due to the storage of vibrational energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Another example, electrical resonance, occurs in a circuit with capacitors and inductors because the collapsing magnetic field of the inductor generates an electric current in its windings that charges the capacitor, and then the discharging capacitor provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the inductor."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonators",
"text": "As the number of coupled harmonic oscillators grows, the time it takes to transfer energy from one to the next becomes significant."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Mechanical and acoustic resonance",
"text": "The cadence of runners has been hypothesized to be energetically favorable due to resonance between the elastic energy stored in the lower limb and the mass of the runner."
}
] |
Resonance happens when a system is unable to move energy to another frequency.
| 0 | 1 |
Resonance
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Brown v. Board of Education",
"text": "Nonetheless, Warren won over Jackson, Frankfurter, and Clark, in part by allowing states and federal courts the flexibility to pursue desegregation of schools at different speeds."
}
] |
azPTXJ6nZFUNrlxAVLBw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Warren Junior High School, Bakersfield, California (Warren's hometown) Earl Warren Middle School, Solana Beach, California Warren Elementary School, Garden Grove, California Earl Warren Elementary School, Lake Elsinore, California"
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Brown v. Board of Education",
"text": "Nonetheless, Warren won over Jackson, Frankfurter, and Clark, in part by allowing states and federal courts the flexibility to pursue desegregation of schools at different speeds."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "In addition, the UC Berkeley School of Law has established \"The Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Race, Ethnicity and Diversity\", or \"Warren Institute\" for short, in memory of Earl Warren, while the \"Warren Room\" inside Boalt Hall of the Law School was also named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Other decisions and events",
"text": "Although Brown did not mandate immediate school desegregation or bar other \"separate but equal\" institutions, most observers recognized that the decision marked the beginning of the end for the Jim Crow system."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren helped arrange a unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Brown v. Board of Education",
"text": "The Southern United States had implemented Jim Crow laws in aftermath of the Reconstruction Era to disenfranchise African Americans and segregate public schools and other institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Brown v. Board of Education",
"text": "In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court had held that the Fourteenth Amendment did not prohibit segregation in public institutions if the institutions were \"separate but equal.\" In the decades after Plessy, the NAACP had won several incremental victories, but 17 states required the segregation of public schools by 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Brown v. Board of Education",
"text": "After the Supreme Court formally voted to hold that the segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, Warren drafted an eight-page outline from which his law clerks drafted an opinion, and the Court handed down its decision in May 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of California | National politics, 1942–1952",
"text": "Warren's decision to support a convention rule that unseated several contested delegations was critical to Eisenhower's victory; Eisenhower himself said that \"if anyone ever clinched the nomination for me, it was Earl Warren."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Other decisions and events",
"text": "Warren compromised by agreeing to Frankfurter's demand for the Court to go slowly in implementing desegregation."
}
] |
Earl Warren supported the desegregation of public schools.
| 4 | 6 |
Earl Warren
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramayana (; Sanskrit: रामायणम्, Rāmāyaṇam [ɽaːˈmaːjɐɳɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Mahābhārata."
}
] |
b050rdfTPfJJhegLwATi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the most sacred book, and is read by millions of people every year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramayana (; Sanskrit: रामायणम्, Rāmāyaṇam [ɽaːˈmaːjɐɳɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Mahābhārata."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with the Mahābhārata, it forms the Hindu Itihasa."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Neutral",
"text": "RakshasaViswashrava, was the son of Pulastya and the grandson of Brahma, the Creator, and a powerful Rishi as described in the great Hindu scripture epic Ramayana of Ancient India."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual History & Structure",
"text": "According to Indian tradition, and the Ramayana itself, the epic belongs to the genre of Itihasa like Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions | Southeast Asian | Myanmar",
"text": "It is also considered the unofficial national epic of Myanmar."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions | India | Jain version",
"text": "In the Jain epic of Ramayana, it is not Rama who kills Ravana as told in the Hindu version."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramayana was an important influence on later Sanskrit poetry and Hindu life and culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions | Southeast Asian | Indonesia",
"text": "One example of a dance production of the Ramayana in Java is the Ramayana Ballet performed on the Trimurti Prambanan open air stage, with the three main prasad spires of the Prambanan Hindu temple as a backdrop."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Hindu tradition, it is considered to be the Adi-kavya (first poem)."
}
] |
Ramayana is one of the three major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, and forms the Hindu Itihasa, and is considered the most sacred book, and is read by millions of people every year.
| 0 | 0 |
Ramayana
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "A new cellhouse was built from 1910–1912 on a budget of $250,000, and upon completion, the 500 feet (150 m) long concrete building was reputedly the longest concrete building in the world at the time."
}
] |
b17iTVmmO7QSwC2e2cVo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "This building was modernized in 1933 and 1934 and became the main cellhouse of the federal penitentiary until its closure in 1963.When the new concrete prison was built, many materials were reused in its construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells | A-Block",
"text": "Alcatraz was a federal penitentiary."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "A new cellhouse was built from 1910–1912 on a budget of $250,000, and upon completion, the 500 feet (150 m) long concrete building was reputedly the longest concrete building in the world at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often referred to as Alcatraz [, Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾas] The Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often referred to as Alcatraz [, Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾas] (Latin America)/Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾaθ] (Spain) from Arabic: غطاس, romanized: al-ġaţţās, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "In June 1945, it was reported that the federal penitentiaries had made 60,000 nets."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The Department of Justice acquired the Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz on 12 October 1933, and it became a Federal Bureau of Prisons facility in August 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Other buildings | Power House",
"text": "Between 1939 and 1963, it supplied power to the Federal Penitentiary and other buildings on the island."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration",
"text": "During its time as a federal penitentiary, it was located above the dining hall on the second floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells",
"text": "An inmate register reveals that there were 1,576 prisoners in total held at Alcatraz during its time as a Federal Penitentiary, although figures reported have varied and some have stated 1557."
},
{
"section_header": "Other buildings | Model Industries Building",
"text": "This building was originally built by the U.S. military and was used as a laundry building until the New Industries Building was built as part of a redevelopment program on Alcatraz in 1939 when it was a federal penitentiary."
}
] |
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary had a construction budget of 300000$.
| 2 | 3 |
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell."
}
] |
b1V1wwVVwfVXZehnw6Dd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Low level ozone | Ozone as a greenhouse gas",
"text": "Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas, absorbing some of the infrared energy emitted by the earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Low level ozone | Ozone as a greenhouse gas",
"text": "Quantifying the greenhouse gas potency of ozone is difficult because it is not present in uniform concentrations across the globe."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Low level ozone | Ozone as a greenhouse gas",
"text": "However, tropospheric ozone is a short-lived greenhouse gas, which decays in the atmosphere much more quickly than carbon dioxide."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special considerations",
"text": "The dominating parameter influencing ozone generation efficiency is the gas temperature, which is controlled by cooling water temperature and/or gas velocity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Acute ozone exposure",
"text": "Because ozone is gas, it directly affects the lungs and the entire respiratory system."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The gas was applied directly to wounds for as long as 15 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special considerations",
"text": "The lower the gas velocity, the higher the concentration (but the lower the net ozone produced)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Electrolytic",
"text": "In most EOG methods, the hydrogen gas will be removed to leave oxygen and ozone as the only reaction products."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Other substrates",
"text": "3H2O}}} Ozone could also react with potassium iodide to give oxygen and iodine gas : 2 KI +"
}
] |
Ozone is a colorless gas.
| 0 | 0 |
Ozone
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later campaigns (346–336 BC)",
"text": "In 340 BC, Philip started the siege of Perinthus, and in 339 BC, began another siege against the city of Byzantium."
}
] |
b1hlgRfNhk5ETbEuqbX9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later campaigns (346–336 BC)",
"text": "Members of the league agreed never to wage war against each other, unless it was to suppress revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Asian campaign (336 BC)",
"text": "In 336 BC, Philip II sent Parmenion, with Amyntas, Andromenes and Attalus, and an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for an invasion to free the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Achaemenid rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Cleitarchus' analysis",
"text": "When Pausanias complained to Philip, the king felt unable to chastise Attalus, as he was about to send him to Asia with Parmenion, to establish a bridgehead for his planned invasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Cleitarchus' analysis",
"text": "Some time after the alleged rape, while Attalus was away in Asia fighting the Persians, he put his plan in action."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later campaigns (346–336 BC)",
"text": "In 345 BC, Philip conducted a hard-fought campaign against the Ardiaioi (Ardiaei), under their king Pleuratus I, during which Philip was seriously wounded in the lower right leg by an Ardian soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Games",
"text": "Hegemony Gold: Wars of Ancient Greece is a PC strategy game that follows the campaigns of Philip II in Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Asian campaign (336 BC)",
"text": "Philip II was involved quite early against the Achaemenid Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later campaigns (346–336 BC)",
"text": "In 340 BC, Philip started the siege of Perinthus, and in 339 BC, began another siege against the city of Byzantium."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later campaigns (346–336 BC)",
"text": "With key Greek city-states in submission, Philip II turned to Sparta; he sent them a message: \"If I win this war, you will be slaves forever."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later campaigns (346–336 BC)",
"text": "These decisive victories led to Philip being recognized as the military leader of the League of Corinth, a Greek confederation allied against the Persian Empire, in 338/7 BC."
}
] |
Philip waged campaigns throughout Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
| 1 | 5 |
Philip II of Macedon
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2015: Further work in film and television",
"text": "In addition to her stage work, Burstyn portrayed former First Lady Barbara Bush in Oliver Stone's biographical film W. in 2008.In 2009, she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her portrayal of the bipolar estranged mother of Detective Elliot Stabler on NBC's police procedural Law & Order: Special Victims Unit."
}
] |
b1qe1yqnWKdPlPUlI1Dy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–2005: Television films and continued success",
"text": "Created by David Frankel, it ran only for one season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film has remained popular and several publications have regarded it as one of the greatest horror films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Guan Yin is one of my favorite manifestations of the divine, the embodiment of compassion... So, I have Guan Yin with me all the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–2005: Television films and continued success",
"text": "Pack of Lies was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards, including another one for Burstyn as Outstanding Actress in a Mini-Series or Movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2015: Further work in film and television",
"text": "In addition to her stage work, Burstyn portrayed former First Lady Barbara Bush in Oliver Stone's biographical film W. in 2008.In 2009, she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her portrayal of the bipolar estranged mother of Detective Elliot Stabler on NBC's police procedural Law & Order: Special Victims Unit."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1971–1983: Film breakthrough",
"text": "\" Burstyn was offered to direct but turned it down to concentrate on her performance, but selected then-newcomer Scorsese as director and recalled the collaboration as \"one of the best experiences I've ever had\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For playing a lonely drug-addicted woman in the last one of these, she was again nominated for an Academy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1958–1970: Early work",
"text": "She was credited as Ellen McRae until 1967, when she and her then-husband Neil Nephew both changed their surname to Burstyn, and she began to be credited as Ellen Burstyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Burstyn, Ellen (2006). Lessons in Becoming Myself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ellen Burstyn (born Edna Rae Gillooly; December 7, 1932) is an American actress."
}
] |
Ellen Burstyn was on one of the Law and Order dramas.
| 0 | 0 |
Ellen Burstyn
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "James was at best ambivalent about the feminist movement, and the early chapters harshly satirise Olive and her fellow ideologues."
}
] |
b1u55QelizCMl2sZi4jr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The Bostonians is allegedly based on the novel \"The Evangelist,\" by Alphonse Daudet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Darrel Abel observes that when the novel was first published in Century Magazine in 1885, the people of Boston were very displeased: The Bostonians resented its satire upon their intellectual and humanitary aspirations."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "But this vagueness may actually enrich the novel because it creates possible ambiguity about Olive's motives."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The final sentence of the novel shows Verena in tears – not to be her last, James assures us."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "\"James bemoaned the adverse effect that this novel and The Princess Casamassima (published in the same year) had on his critical fortunes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "F. R. Leavis praised the book as \"one of the two most brilliant novels in the language,\" the other being James's The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "\" James' portrayal of Boston reformers was denounced as inaccurate and unfair, especially because some felt James had satirised actual persons in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The storyline concerns the struggle between Ransom and Olive for Verena's allegiance and affection, though the novel also includes a wide panorama of political activists, newspaper people, and quirky eccentrics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He persuades Verena to elope with him, to the discomfiture of Olive and her fellow-feminists."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "James was at best ambivalent about the feminist movement, and the early chapters harshly satirise Olive and her fellow ideologues."
}
] |
The novel The Bostonians was a feminist novel.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bostonians
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played professional baseball for 20 years from 1920 to 1939, including 17 years in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers (1923–1927), St. Louis Browns (1928–1930), Washington Senators (1930–1935), Boston Red Sox (1936), Brooklyn Dodgers (1937–1938), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938–1939)."
}
] |
b26a9T3KVQcnxvrijcLG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His brother Frank Manush was 18 years older than Heinie and played professional baseball from 1907 to 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "All seven boys took up baseball, five of them playing the game professionally."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "Despite limited playing time, he led the American League's left fielders with five double plays turned in 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the American League with 356 putouts and a .992 fielding percentage in left field in 1928, and five double plays turned by a left fielder in 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Manush was nicknamed \"Heinie\" due to his German ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He then moved to California in March 1919 and played semipro baseball with a club in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "\" In the dining car, O'Brien continues even as he orders, \"Filet mignon that's for me, filet mignon that's for me, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, filet mignon, medium rare, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston, Brooklyn and Pittsburgh",
"text": "in 13 at bats. Manush returned to the Pirates in 1939, but played sparingly with no hits in 12 at bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "On June 12, 1939, Manush signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs, with whom he played for most of the 1938 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "Manush began his professional career in 1920, playing six games for the Portland Beavers in the Pacific Coast League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played professional baseball for 20 years from 1920 to 1939, including 17 years in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers (1923–1927), St. Louis Browns (1928–1930), Washington Senators (1930–1935), Boston Red Sox (1936), Brooklyn Dodgers (1937–1938), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938–1939)."
}
] |
Heinie Manush played for sixteen years and played for five different teams.
| 0 | 6 |
Heinie Manush
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur."
}
] |
b2BTFuzdEBE82ntIATV7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rains Came is a 1939 20th Century Fox film based on an American novel by Louis Bromfield (published in June 1937 by Harper & Brothers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "\"TCM.com reports some of cinematographer Arthur Miller's recollections about The Rains Came, including his \"obsession\" with the rain."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades | 1955 adaptation",
"text": "The 1939 film uses the original novel's ending; the 1955 film provides different fates for Lord and Lady Esketh."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades | 1955 adaptation",
"text": "The Rains Came was remade in 1955 as The Rains of Ranchipur, with Richard Burton, Lana Turner and Fred MacMurray in the Power, Loy and Brent roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Original prints of the film were tinted sepia."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In later years, Loy recalled that her belief in director Clarence Brown made her willing to try his suggestion for her death scene: \" ‘...people don't die with their eyes closed... Why don't you try dying with your eyes open?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was directed by Clarence Brown and stars Myrna Loy, Tyrone Power, George Brent, Brenda Joyce, Nigel Bruce, and Maria Ouspenskaya."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "It became the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Special Effects, edging out other nominees including The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind."
}
] |
The 1939 film The Rains Came was made into a movie.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rains Came
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
}
] |
b2nFS2tbPeKVKbpk4ZJ5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication information",
"text": "Achebe, Chinua. Achebe, Chinua. The African Trilogy. (London: Everyman's Library, 2010) ISBN 9781841593272."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Although Achebe favours the African culture of the pre-western society, the author attributes its destruction to the \"weaknesses within the native structure."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the author of the popular and critically acclaimed novels Purple Hibiscus (2003) and Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), commented in a 2006 interview: \"Chinua Achebe will always be important to me because his work influenced not so much my style as my writing philosophy: reading him emboldened me, gave me permission to write about the things I knew well.\"Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila (Waiting for an Angel [2004] and Measuring Time [2007]), as well as Uzodinma Iweala A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila (Waiting for an Angel [2004] and Measuring Time [2007]), as well as Uzodinma Iweala (Beasts of No Nation [2005]), and Professor Okey Ndibe (Arrows of Rain [2000]) count Chinua Achebe as a significant influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "He lived in the British culture but he refused to change his Igbo name Chinua to Albert."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "By the decision of Umuofian authorities, Ikemefuna is ultimately killed, an act which Okonkwo does not prevent, and even participates in, lest he seem feminine and weak."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Achebe himself was an orphan raised by his grandfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Directed by Jason Pohland. In 1987, the book was made into a very successful miniseries directed by David Orere and broadcast on Nigerian television by the Nigerian Television Authority."
}
] |
The author, Chinua Achebe, is from Japan.
| 3 | 5 |
Things Fall Apart
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "Monarchists murdered Rasputin in December 1916, burying him near the imperial residence in Tsarskoye Selo."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "Shortly after the February Revolution of 1917, Kerensky ordered soldiers to re-bury the corpse at an unmarked spot in the countryside."
}
] |
b2pbsfJ5WWEJ3E7rL9ye
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "According to Kerensky, Rasputin had terrorised the empress by threatening to return to his native village."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "In response to bitter resentments held against the imperial favourite Grigori Rasputin in the midst of Russia's failing effort in World War I, Kerensky, at the opening of the Duma on 2 November 1916, called the imperial ministers \"hired assassins\" and \"cowards\", and alleged that they were \"guided by the contemptible Grishka Rasputin!\" Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, Prince Lvov, and general Mikhail Alekseyev attempted to persuade the emperor Nicholas II to send away the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Rasputin's steadfast patron, either to the Livadia Palace in Yalta or to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander Kerensky was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River on 4 May 1881 and was the eldest son in the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "In the moment you begin to doubt me, then kill me."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "Monarchists murdered Rasputin in December 1916, burying him near the imperial residence in Tsarskoye Selo."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "Kerensky's role in these orders are unclear, but he participated in the decisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "Mikhail Rodzianko, Zinaida Yusupova (the mother of Felix Yusupov), Alexandra's sister Elisabeth, Grand Duchess Victoria and the empress's mother-in-law Maria Feodorovna also tried to influence and pressure the imperial couple to remove Rasputin from his position of influence within the imperial household, but without success."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander graduated with honours in 1899."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "He was succeeded by the Menshevik, Alexander Halpern."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "\" The huge majority (workers and soldiers) gave him great applause, and Kerensky now became the first and the only one who participated in both the Provisional Government and the Ispolkom."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "Shortly after the February Revolution of 1917, Kerensky ordered soldiers to re-bury the corpse at an unmarked spot in the countryside."
}
] |
Alexander Kerensky of Simbirsk hated Grigori Rasputin so much for what he did to the Russian empress, that he participated in his killing himself and didn't bother to cover it up.
| 2 | 7 |
Alexander Kerensky
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The Marshalls had six children who survived until adulthood: Thomas (who would eventually serve in the Virginia House of Delegates), Jaquelin, Mary, James, and Edward."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had 10 children; six of whom survived to adulthood."
}
] |
b3AqnSg6i6W2l00503wy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "That December, his wife Polly died in Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marshall died in 1835, and Jackson appointed Roger Taney as his successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1755 to 1782)",
"text": "From a young age, Marshall was noted for his good humor and black eyes, which were \"strong and penetrating, beaming with intelligence and good nature\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship of Washington biography",
"text": "\" The Abridgment was not published until 1838, three years after Marshall died."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1755 to 1782)",
"text": "Encouraged by his parents, the young Marshall read widely, reading works such as William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England and Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Between the births of son Jaquelin Ambler in 1787 and daughter Mary in 1795, Polly Marshall suffered two miscarriages and lost two infants, which affected her health during the rest of her life."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship of Washington biography",
"text": "The first two volumes, published in 1803, were poorly-received and seen by many as an attack on the Democratic-Republican Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Adams administration (1797 to 1801) | Nomination as Chief Justice",
"text": "Jay's letter of rejection arrived on January 20, 1801, less than two months before Jefferson would take office."
},
{
"section_header": "Chief Justice (1801 to 1835) | Personality, principles, and leadership",
"text": "The Court met in Washington only two months a year, from the first Monday in February through the second or third week in March."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In early 1835, Marshall again traveled to Philadelphia for medical treatment, where he died on July 6 at the age of 79, having served as Chief Justice for over 34 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The Marshalls had six children who survived until adulthood: Thomas (who would eventually serve in the Virginia House of Delegates), Jaquelin, Mary, James, and Edward."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had 10 children; six of whom survived to adulthood."
}
] |
Two of Marshall's kids died young.
| 0 | 0 |
John Marshall
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second largest private employer in the United States and one of the world's most valuable companies."
}
] |
b4TLTIpi3BVdrbhUzdhJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amazon is the largest Internet company by revenue in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second largest private employer in the United States and one of the world's most valuable companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been referred to as \"one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world\" as well as the world's most valuable brand."
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Reviews",
"text": "In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Audible.com",
"text": "Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Souq",
"text": "Souq.com is the largest E-Commerce platform in the Middle East based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Finances",
"text": "As of 2018, Amazon.com is ranked 8th on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's largest online marketplace, AI assistant provider, live-streaming platform and cloud computing platform as measured by revenue and market capitalization."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | Brilliance Audio",
"text": "It operates as an independent company within Amazon."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsidiaries | ComiXology",
"text": "Amazon bought the company in April 2014."
}
] |
Amazon is the largest fastest growing company in the world.
| 1 | 7 |
Amazon (company)
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Barcelona",
"text": "The city was conquered by the Visigoths in the early 5th century, becoming for a few years the capital of all Hispania."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Barcelona was the 20th-most-visited city in the world by international visitors and the fifth most visited city in Europe after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome, with 5.5 million international visitors in 2011."
}
] |
b4km0Pa8v0KmuboWAP4C
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "With its Rambles, Barcelona is ranked the most popular city to visit in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Barcelona was the 20th-most-visited city in the world by international visitors and the fifth most visited city in Europe after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome, with 5.5 million international visitors in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Museums",
"text": "The FC Barcelona Museum has been the most visited museum in the city of Barcelona, with 1,506,022 visitors in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population density",
"text": "Barcelona is one of the most densely populated cities in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Fashion",
"text": "According to the Global Language Monitor's annual ranking of the world's top fifty fashion capitals Barcelona was named as the seventh most important fashion capital of the world right after Milano and before Berlin in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | General information",
"text": "Barcelona was recognised as the Southern European City of the Future for 2014/15, based on its economic potential, by FDi Magazine in their bi-annual rankings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Barcelona",
"text": "The Bank of Barcelona (Taula de canvi), probably the oldest public bank in Europe, was established by the city magistrates in 1401."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Beaches",
"text": "Barcelona beach was listed as number one in a list of the top ten city beaches in the world according to National Geographic and Discovery Channel."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Parks",
"text": "Barcelona contains sixty municipal parks, twelve of which are historic, five of which are thematic (botanical), forty-five of which are urban, and six of which are forest."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Location",
"text": "Tibidabo, 512 m (1,680 ft) high, offers striking views over the city and is topped by the 288.4 m (946.2 ft) Torre de Collserola, a telecommunications tower that is visible from most of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Barcelona",
"text": "The city was conquered by the Visigoths in the early 5th century, becoming for a few years the capital of all Hispania."
}
] |
The city of Barcelona ranks among that top five most visited cities in Europe.
| 3 | 4 |
Barcelona
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Structure",
"text": "Its 700 verses are structured into several ancient Indian poetic meters, with the principal being the shloka (Anushtubh chanda)."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Structure",
"text": "The Bhagavad Gita is a poem written in the Sanskrit language."
}
] |
b4n6MmHKxKwFM40BUJxG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Adaptations",
"text": "Philip Glass retold the story of Gandhi's early development as an activist in South Africa through the text of the Gita in the opera Satyagraha (1979)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Largest copy",
"text": "It weighs 800 kg and measures over 2.8 metres."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 8 (28 verses)",
"text": "This chapter contains eschatology of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Pancaratra Agama",
"text": "A story in this vedic text, states Hudson, highlights the meaning of the name Vasudeva as the 'shining one (deva) who dwells (vasu) in all things and in whom all things dwell', and the meaning of Vishnu to be the 'pervading actor'."
},
{
"section_header": "Manuscripts",
"text": "Since Shankara's time, the \"700 verses\" has been the standard benchmark for the critical edition of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 1 (46 verses)",
"text": "The Bhagavad Gita opens by setting the stage of the Kurukshetra battlefield."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 2 (72 verses)",
"text": "This chapter is an overview for the remaining sixteen chapters of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | The Gita in other languages",
"text": "Paramahansa Yogananda's commentary on the Bhagavad Gita called God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita has been translated into Spanish, German, Thai and Hindi so far."
},
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Classical commentaries | Śaṅkara (c. 800 CE)",
"text": "He calls the Gita as \"an epitome of the essentials of the whole Vedic teaching\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Classical commentaries | Śaṅkara (c. 800 CE)",
"text": "Shankara interprets the Gita in a monist, nondualistic tradition (Advaita Vedanta)."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Structure",
"text": "Its 700 verses are structured into several ancient Indian poetic meters, with the principal being the shloka (Anushtubh chanda)."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Structure",
"text": "The Bhagavad Gita is a poem written in the Sanskrit language."
}
] |
The Bhagavad Gita is a story with 800 verses.
| 4 | 6 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word utopia was coined from Ancient Greek by Sir Thomas More in 1516."
}
] |
b4rtiJRuwjeacMaX6Iin
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Varieties",
"text": "During the 16th century, Thomas More's book Utopia proposed an ideal society of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Feminism",
"text": "The societies may be lesbian, such as Daughters of a Coral Dawn by Katherine V. Forrest or not, and may not be sexual at all – a famous early sexless example being Herland (1915) by Charlotte Perkins Gilman."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "Particularly in the early 19th century, several utopian ideas arose, often in response to the belief that social disruption was created and caused by the development of commercialism and capitalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism | The Land of Cockaigne",
"text": "The Land of Cockaigne (also Cockaygne, Cokaygne), was an imaginary land of idleness and luxury, famous in medieval stories and the subject of several poems, one of which, an early translation of a 13th-century French work, is given in George Ellis' Specimens of Early English Poets."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word utopia was coined from Ancient Greek by Sir Thomas More in 1516."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern utopias",
"text": "But the homophonic prefix eu-, meaning \"good,\" also resonates in the word, with the implication that the perfectly \"good place\" is really \"no place.\" In the 21st century, discussions around utopia for some authors include post-scarcity economics, late capitalism, and universal basic income; for example, the \"human capitalism\" utopia envisioned in Utopia for Realists (2016) includes a universal basic income and a 15-hour workweek, along with open borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Feminism",
"text": "Utopias have been used to explore the ramifications of genders being either a societal construct or a biologically \"hard-wired\" imperative or some mix of the two."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "Edward Gibbon Wakefield's utopian theorizing on systematic colonial settlement policy in the early-19th century also centred on economic considerations, but with a view to preserving class distinctions; Wakefield influenced several colonies founded in New Zealand and Australia in the 1830s, 1840s and 1850s."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "The back-to-the-land movements and hippies inspired many to try to live in peace and harmony on farms or in remote areas and to set up new types of governance."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Religious utopias",
"text": "These utopian societies included the Shakers, who originated in England in the 18th century and arrived in America in 1774."
}
] |
The word Utopia can be traced back to the early 16th century.
| 0 | 0 |
Utopia
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Posey senior worked on riverboats and, in 1877, became probably the first African American licensed engineer in the United States, earning a chief engineer license and the title of, \"Captain\"."
}
] |
b5StrEOMtGXXpRbk6yZK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cumberland “Cum” Willis Posey, Jr. (June 20, 1890 – March 28, 1946) was an American baseball player, manager, and team owner in the Negro leagues, as well as a professional basketball player and team owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Posey senior worked on riverboats and, in 1877, became probably the first African American licensed engineer in the United States, earning a chief engineer license and the title of, \"Captain\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Basketball",
"text": "Posey was the best African American basketball player of his time, playing from the early 1900s (decade) through the mid-1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey, the principal owner of the Homestead Grays, spent 35 years (1911–1946) in baseball as a player, manager, owner and club official."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "In 1910, a group of Homestead steelworkers was organized into one of baseball's greatest clubs by Posey."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "In a quarter-century running the team, he built it into one of the powerhouse franchises of black baseball, winning numerous pennants, including nine consecutively from 1937–1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Cap\" Posey was a riverboat builder, general manager of the Dexter Coal Company, owner of the Diamond Coke and Coal Company, and industrial partner of Henry Clay Frick."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey began playing baseball for the semi-pro Grays in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey, an aggressive talent seeker with the Grays, at one time or another had over a dozen current Negro leagues Hall of Famers playing for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "In baseball, Posey played with the Homestead Grays in 1911, was manager by 1916, and became owner in the early 1920s."
}
] |
American baseball player Cum Posey worked on riverboats.
| 0 | 0 |
Cum Posey
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Gibby\" and \"Hoot\" (after actor Hoot Gibson), Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career."
}
] |
b5exDinsrUe5JU5xJm1g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career MLB statistics | Records held",
"text": "Most Strikeouts During a World Series Game: 17 strikeouts during Game 1 of 1968 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1968—Year of the Pitcher",
"text": "In Game 1 of the 1968 World Series, Gibson struck out 17 Detroit Tigers to set a World Series record for strikeouts in one game, which still stands today (breaking Sandy Koufax's record of 15 in Game 1 of the 1963 World Series)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The pinnacle of Gibson's career was 1968, when he posted a 1.12 ERA for the season and then recorded 17 strikeouts in Game 1 of the 1968 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Gibby\" and \"Hoot\" (after actor Hoot Gibson), Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Honors",
"text": "The street on the north side of Rosenblatt Stadium, former home of the College World Series in his hometown of Omaha, is named Bob Gibson Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1962–1967",
"text": "Along with his two victories, Gibson set a new World Series record by striking out 31 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1962–1967",
"text": "After suffering a fractured ankle late in the season, Gibson, sometimes referred to by the nickname \"Hoot\" (a reference to western film star Hoot Gibson), still finished 1962 with his first 200 plus strikeout season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1962–1967",
"text": "In the 1967 World Series against the Boston Red Sox, Gibson allowed only three earned runs and 14 hits over three complete game victories in Games 1, 4 (five-hit shutout), and 7, the latter two marks tying Christy Mathewson's 1905 World Series record."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gibson also pitched three complete game victories in the 1967 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1968—Year of the Pitcher",
"text": "He also joined Ed Walsh as the only pitchers to strike out at least one batter in each inning of a World Series game, Walsh having done so in Game Three of the 1906 World Series."
}
] |
Bob Gibson nickname was "The Rocket" and he has 17 recorded strikeouts during a World Series.
| 2 | 3 |
Bob Gibson
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast | Main cast",
"text": "Sylvester Stallone as Robert \"Rocky\" Balboa Talia Shire as Adrianna \"Adrian\" Pennino Burt Young as Paulie Pennino Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed"
}
] |
b5wlfulZYEvSAEFJdFFE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1975, the heavyweight boxing world champion, Apollo Creed, announces plans to hold a title bout in Philadelphia during the upcoming United States Bicentennial."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | Main cast",
"text": "Sylvester Stallone as Robert \"Rocky\" Balboa Talia Shire as Adrianna \"Adrian\" Pennino Burt Young as Paulie Pennino Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed"
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Depictions",
"text": "The 2016 film Chuck depicts Chuck Wepner, his 1975 title fight with the heavyweight champion, Muhammad Ali, and the fight's influence on the screenplay for Rocky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian, Burt Young as Adrian's brother Paulie, Burgess Meredith as Rocky's trainer Mickey Goldmill, and Carl Weathers as the reigning champion, Apollo Creed."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The poster seen above the ring before Rocky fights Apollo Creed"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen, written by and starring Sylvester Stallone."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it 4 out of 4 stars and said that Stallone reminded him of \"the young Marlon Brando.\" Box Office Magazine claimed that audiences would be \"touting Sylvester 'Sly' Stallone as a new star\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Although Chartoff and Winkler were enthusiastic about the script and the idea of Stallone playing the lead character, they were hesitant about having an unknown headline the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "The character of Apollo Creed was influenced by outspoken boxer Muhammad Ali who fought Frazier three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "The producers also had trouble casting other major characters in the story, with Apollo Creed and Adrian cast unusually late by production standards."
}
] |
In the film Rocky, Apollo Creed, the heavyweight boxing champion, is played by Sylvester Stallone.
| 1 | 3 |
Rocky
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Candide is characterized by its tone as well as by its erratic, fantastical, and fast-moving plot."
}
] |
b63ST4JYxDzGBnInL61k
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Derivative works",
"text": "In total, by the year 1803, at least ten imitations of Candide or continuations of its story were published by authors other than Voltaire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Candide is characterized by its tone as well as by its erratic, fantastical, and fast-moving plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Inside vs. outside interpretations",
"text": "Others see a strong parallel between Candide's gardening at the conclusion and the gardening of the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Conclusion",
"text": "This element of Candide has been written about voluminously, perhaps above all others."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Derivative works",
"text": "The story continues in this sequel with Candide having new adventures in the Ottoman Empire, Persia, and Denmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Chapters I–X",
"text": "The sailor makes no move to help the drowning Jacques, and Candide is in a state of despair until Pangloss explains to him that Lisbon harbor was created in order for Jacques to drown."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Derivative works",
"text": "It followed the basic story of Candide, incorporating anachronisms, music and stand up comedy from comedian Frank Woodley."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Immediately after publication, the work and its author were denounced by both secular and religious authorities, because the book openly derides government and church alike."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical and literary background",
"text": "This satire tells the story of \"a gullible ingenue\", Gulliver, who (like Candide) travels to several \"remote nations\" and is hardened by the many misfortunes which befall him."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The fast-paced and improbable plot—in which characters narrowly escape death repeatedly, for instance—allows for compounding tragedies to befall the same characters over and over again."
}
] |
Candide has a fast moving story line and has been imitated often by other authors.
| 0 | 0 |
Candide
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "lit. ' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."
}
] |
b6ZForB50i91jKZDvCQ2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In one particularly fierce and bloody skirmish, the Muladies soundly defeated the Arabs, who were then forced to take shelter in a primitive red castle located in the province of Elvira, presently located in Granada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "lit. ' \" The Red One\"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The remains are now likely to be located in Mondújar in the principality of Lecrín."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "During the reign of the Nasrid Dynasty, the Alhambra was transformed into a palatine city, complete with an irrigation system composed of acequias for the gardens of the Generalife located outside the fortress."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In film",
"text": "Columbus interview with Queen Isabella in Conquest of Paradise representing Granada after the Reconquest were filmed at Alhambra."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After retreating to Granada, Ibn-Nasr took up residence at the Palace of Badis ben Habus in the Alhambra."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In literature",
"text": "Philippa Gregory's The Constant Princess, depicting Catalina the Infanta of Spain as she lived in the Alhambra after her parents took Granada."
},
{
"section_header": "Main structures",
"text": "Access from the city to the Alhambra Park is afforded by the Puerta de las Granadas (Gate of Pomegranates), a triumphal arch dating from the 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The last Nasrid sultan, Muhammad XII of Granada, surrendered the Emirate of Granada in 1492 without the Alhambra itself being attacked when the forces of the Reyes Católicos, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, took the surrounding territory with a force of overwhelming numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In literature",
"text": "Radwa Ashour's Granada Trilogy"
}
] |
The Alhambra is located in Granada, Italy.
| 0 | 0 |
The Alhambra
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "For the fungi, including lichen-forming species, for example, subsequent work has shown that over 2200 species have been recorded from Egypt, and the final figure of all fungi actually occurring in the country is expected to be much higher."
}
] |
b7HcIYFraW0SGYcHJd4y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present) | President Nasser (1956–1970)",
"text": "From academic year 1953–54 through 1965–66, overall public school enrolments more than doubled."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "Egyptian nationalism predates its Arab counterpart by many decades, having roots in the 19th century and becoming the dominant mode of expression of Egyptian anti-colonial activists and intellectuals until the early 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and Ancient Egypt",
"text": "Contemporaneous Lower Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years, remaining culturally distinct, but maintaining frequent contact through trade."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present) | President Mubarak (1981–2011)",
"text": "Voter turnout was less than 25%."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Law",
"text": "Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of gender equality and absolute freedom of thought."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "Egyptian government claims that a half-million Syrian refugees live in Egypt are thought to be exaggerated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present) | President Nasser (1956–1970)",
"text": "Egyptian commitment in Yemen was greatly undermined later."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate is a pigment used by Egyptians for thousands of years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and Ancient Egypt | Achaemenid Egypt",
"text": "This Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt, however, did not last long, for the Persians were toppled several decades later by Alexander the Great."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "For the fungi, including lichen-forming species, for example, subsequent work has shown that over 2200 species have been recorded from Egypt, and the final figure of all fungi actually occurring in the country is expected to be much higher."
}
] |
Egypt was thought to have less than a thousand types of fungus, but later proven to have more than double that.
| 3 | 4 |
Egypt
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "Born and raised in Oklahoma, Bench is one-eighth Choctaw; he played baseball and basketball and was class valedictorian at Binger-Oney High School in Binger."
}
] |
b7VeIzZMJ8ehE1G3iPFD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "As a 17-year-old, Bench was selected 36th overall by the Cincinnati Reds in the second round of the 1965 amateur draft, playing for the minor-league Buffalo Bisons in the 1966 and 1967 seasons before being called up to the Reds in August 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1980s",
"text": "The Cincinnati Reds proclaimed Saturday, September 17, 1983, \"Johnny Bench Night\" at Riverfront Stadium, in which he hit his 389th and final home run, a line drive to left in the third inning before a record crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "For a time in the 1980s Bench was a commercial spokesman for Krylon paint, featuring a memorable catchphrase: \"I'm Johnny Bench, and this is Johnny Bench's bench."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had a son, Bobby Binger Bench (named for Bob Hope and Bobby Knight, and Bench's hometown), before divorcing in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "After turning 50, Bench was a part-time professional golfer and played in several events on the Senior PGA Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "Bench has also broadcast games on television and radio, and is an avid golfer, having played in several Champions Tour tournaments."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "In a September 2008 interview with Heidi Watney of the New England Sports Network, Johnny Bench, who was watching a Cleveland Indians/Boston Red Sox game at Fenway Park, did an impression of late Chicago Cubs announcer Harry Caray after Red Sox third baseman Kevin Youkilis, a native of Cincinnati, made a tough play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnny Lee Bench (born December 7, 1947) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "Starting with the 2000 college baseball season, the best collegiate catcher annually receives the Johnny Bench Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "Born and raised in Oklahoma, Bench is one-eighth Choctaw; he played baseball and basketball and was class valedictorian at Binger-Oney High School in Binger."
}
] |
Johnny Bench also played football and soccer before being drafted.
| 3 | 4 |
Johnny Bench
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage and senatorial patronage",
"text": "A romance blossomed between the two; however, Benton was initially against it because Frémont was not considered upper society."
}
] |
b7cvus37f0mInDbClt3q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life, Arizona territorial governor, and death",
"text": "Initially interred at Trinity Church Cemetery, he was reinterred in Rockland Cemetery in Sparkill, New York on March 17, 1891.Upon Fremont's death, his wife Jessie received a Civil War Pension with an annual income of $2,000."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Department of the West (1861) | Recaptured Springfield",
"text": "Grant had early requested to attack Columbus, but Frémont had overruled Grant's initiative."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Department of the West (1861) | Command and duties",
"text": "Fremont's intelligence was also faulty, leading him to believe the Missouri state militia and the Confederate forces were twice as numerous as they actually were."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and senatorial patronage",
"text": "A romance blossomed between the two; however, Benton was initially against it because Frémont was not considered upper society."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and senatorial patronage",
"text": "Initially Benton was furious at their marriage, but in time, because he loved his daughter, he accepted their marriage and became Frémont's patron."
},
{
"section_header": "Republican Party presidential candidate (1856)",
"text": "Initially, Frémont was asked to be the Democratic candidate by former Virginia Governor John B. Floyd and the powerful Preston family."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and organizations named in commemoration | Places",
"text": "The John C. Fremont Trail (the path of Fremont's march into Santa Barbara, California in December 1846) Fremont Campground in the Los Padres National Forest"
},
{
"section_header": "Frémont's explorations",
"text": "Frémont's initial explorations, his timely scientific reports, co-authored by his wife Jessie, and their romantic writing style, encouraged Americans to travel West."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator from California (1850–1851)",
"text": "In Washington, Frémont, whose California ranch had been purchased from a Mexican land grantee, supported an unsuccessful law that would have rubber-stamped Mexican land grants, and another law that prevented foreign workers from owning gold claims (Fremont's ranch was in gold country), derisively called \"Frémont's Gold Bill\"."
}
] |
Fremont's father-in-law initially rejected the relationship with his child because of class differences.
| 0 | 0 |
John C. Frémont
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1980, De Niro portrayed Jake LaMotta in Scorsese's biographical drama Raging Bull which won him a second Academy Award, for Best Actor."
}
] |
b7fo2Uheb4L8bDplCgdO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1974–1980: Scorsese collaboration and acclaim",
"text": "At the 53rd Academy Awards, the film received eight nominations, including Best Actor for De Niro, for which he won."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present",
"text": "In 2019, De Niro won acclaim for portraying Robert Mueller alongside Alec Baldwin's Donald Trump in various episodes of"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1980, De Niro portrayed Jake LaMotta in Scorsese's biographical drama Raging Bull which won him a second Academy Award, for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography and awards",
"text": "92nd Academy Awards (2020): Best Picture, nomination, for The IrishmanDe Niro has won two Golden Globe Awards: Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Raging Bull and a Cecil B. DeMille Award for \"outstanding contributions to the world of entertainment\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "It won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography, three BAFTAs, including Best Editing, and two Golden Globes for Best Screenplay and Best Original Score."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Part II (1974), which won him the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1974–1980: Scorsese collaboration and acclaim",
"text": "He and Marlon Brando, who played the older Vito Corleone in the first film, were the first pair of actors to win Academy Awards for portraying the same fictional character."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "Less intensive than his previous film, De Niro played a priest who clashes with his brother (Robert Duvall), a detective investigating the murder of a prostitute."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1963–1973: Early roles and breakthrough",
"text": "The Hollywood Reporter wrote, \"De Niro proves himself to be one of the best and most likable young character actors in movies with this performance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1997: Directorial debut and crime dramas",
"text": "De Niro portrays Sam \"Ace\" Rothstein, a mob-connected casino operator in Las Vegas."
}
] |
Robert De Niro won 2 Academy Awards for playing mob characters in crime movies.
| 0 | 2 |
Robert De Niro
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Strait is known as the \"King of Country\" and is considered one of the most influential and popular recording artists of all time."
}
] |
b8wyVhrMGC2fbbreQIxy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage and military service",
"text": "Strait served in the United States Army from 1971 to 1975 and ultimately attained the rank of Corporal."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and military service",
"text": "That same year, he enlisted in the United States Army as an infantryman."
},
{
"section_header": "Higher education",
"text": "After Strait was honorably discharged from the Army in 1975, he enrolled at Southwest Texas State University (now Texas State University) in San Marcos, and graduated with a degree in agriculture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the RIAA, Strait is the 12th best-selling album recording artist in the United States overall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Strait is known as the \"King of Country\" and is considered one of the most influential and popular recording artists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "Strait has been certified as the 12th-best selling artist in American history, with career record sales of 70 million in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For example, the Strait Tours earned $99 million in three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their son, George Strait Jr., known as \"Bubba\", was born in 1981.Jenifer was killed in an automobile accident in San Marcos on June 25, 1986, at age 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Strait has sold more than 68 million records in the United States alone, and his certifications from the RIAA include 13 multiplatinum, 33 platinum, and 38 gold albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s",
"text": "During this period, Strait also released a four-disc, box-set career retrospective, Strait Out of the Box, in 1995, which became the second-best selling box set ever with shipments of 8 million in the United States."
}
] |
George Strait, known as the "King of Country", earned the rank of Corporal in the United States Army.
| 2 | 4 |
George Strait
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Grimes died of cancer at age 92 in 1985 in Clear Lake, Wisconsin."
}
] |
b93Y6Ry5yBO1ZH3jzez2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Burleigh Grimes also participated in boxing as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Grimes was the manager of the Dodgers in 1937-38."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1916 and 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Grimes was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Emerald, Wisconsin, Grimes was the first child of Nick Grimes, a farmer and former day laborer, and the former Ruth Tuttle, the daughter of a former Wisconsin legislator."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included Grimes in their book"
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Grimes remained in baseball for many years as a minor league manager and a scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "As a scout with the Baltimore Orioles, Grimes discovered Jim Palmer and Dave McNally."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Grimes died of cancer at age 92 in 1985 in Clear Lake, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes was nicknamed \"Ol' Stubblebeard\", related to his habit of not shaving on days in which he was going to pitch."
}
] |
Grimes passed away due to a chronic lower respiratory disease.
| 1 | 5 |
Burleigh Grimes
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "The building opened in May 1987, becoming the seventh structure of the World Trade Center.7 World Trade Center was constructed above a two-story Con Edison substation that had been located on the site since 1967."
}
] |
b9oOJUA9QQ9aEscPCjgq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "New building | Opening",
"text": "Prior to opening, in March 2006, the new 7 World Trade Center frontage and lobby were used in scenes for the movie Perfect Stranger with Halle Berry and Bruce Willis."
},
{
"section_header": "New building | Opening",
"text": "From September 8 to October 7, 2006, the work of photographer Jonathan Hyman was displayed in \"An American Landscape\", a free exhibit hosted by the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation at 7 World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "New building | Opening",
"text": "In September 2006, Moody's signed a 20-year lease to rent 15 floors of 7 World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "7 World Trade Center (7 WTC) refers to two buildings that have existed at the same location within the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "New building | Opening",
"text": "The photographs captured the response of people in New York City and across the United States after the September 11, 2001, attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "After the World Trade Center bombings of February 26, 1993, New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani decided to situate the emergency command center and associated fuel tanks at 7 World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "The building opened in May 1987, becoming the seventh structure of the World Trade Center.7 World Trade Center was constructed above a two-story Con Edison substation that had been located on the site since 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "New building | Opening",
"text": "Other tenants that had signed leases in 7 World Trade Center, as of May 2007, included ABN AMRO, Ameriprise Financial Inc., law firm WilmerHale, Darby & Darby P.C., Mansueto Ventures LLC, business publisher of Fast Company and Inc., and the New York Academy of Sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Construction of the new 7 World Trade Center began in 2002 and was completed in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "New building | Opening",
"text": "The building was officially opened at noon on May 23, 2006, with a free concert featuring Suzanne Vega, Citizen Cope, Bill Ware Vibes, Brazilian Girls, Ollabelle, Pharaoh's Daughter, Ronan Tynan (of the Irish Tenors), and special guest Lou Reed."
}
] |
The original 7 World Trade Center in New York City was opened in in 1987 and the replacement opened in 2006.
| 1 | 7 |
7 World Trade Center
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carthage was widely considered the most important trading hub of the Ancient Mediterranean and was arguably one of the most affluent cities of the classical world."
}
] |
bAYPmk8fbpakXH92hBuF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Layout",
"text": "Surrounding Carthage were walls \"of great strength\" said in places to rise above 13 m, being nearly 10 m thick, according to ancient authors."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Layout",
"text": "In some places, the ground is covered with mosaics called punica pavement, sometimes using a characteristic red mortar."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "Stéphane Gsell, the well-regarded French historian of ancient North Africa, summarized the major principles guiding the civic rulers of Carthage with regard to its policies for trade and commerce: to open and maintain markets for its merchants, whether by entering into direct contact with foreign peoples using either treaty negotiations or naval power, or by providing security for isolated trading stations"
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "Products included embroidery, carpets, and use of the purple murex dye (for which the Carthaginian isle of Djerba was famous)."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "The Phoenicians then had ventured into the western Mediterranean, founding trading posts, including Utica and Carthage."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "The merchants of Carthage were in part heirs of the Mediterranean trade developed by Phoenicia, and so also heirs of the rivalry with Greek merchants."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "Although Greek-made merchandise was generally considered superior in design, Carthage also produced trade goods in abundance."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Overview",
"text": "According to the not-always-reliable history of Herodian, Carthage rivaled Alexandria for second place in the Roman empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "the reservation of markets exclusively for the merchants of Carthage, or where competition could not be eliminated, to regulate trade by state-sponsored agreements with its commercial rivals suppression of piracy, and promotion of Carthage's ability to freely navigate the seasBoth"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city was sacked and destroyed by Umayyad forces after the Battle of Carthage in 698 to prevent it from being reconquered by the Byzantine Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carthage was widely considered the most important trading hub of the Ancient Mediterranean and was arguably one of the most affluent cities of the classical world."
}
] |
Carthage used to be the richest trading place of the Atlantic ocean.
| 0 | 0 |
Carthage
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Cate Blanchett as Galadriel: The Elven-Queen of Lothlórien, who discusses Middle-earth's future with Elrond."
}
] |
bAbn64jS2Hvemrre7pZw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Like the other films in the series, The Two Towers has an ensemble cast, and the cast and their respective characters include: Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins: A young hobbit sent on a quest to destroy the One Ring, the burden of which is becoming heavier."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The screenwriters did not originally script The Two Towers as its own film: instead, parts of it were the conclusion to The Fellowship of the Ring, the first of two planned films under Miramax."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The Two Towers was the most difficult of the Rings films to make, having neither a clear beginning nor end to focus the script."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "The Two Towers shared principal photography with The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Towers is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Score",
"text": "The musical score for The Two Towers was composed, orchestrated, and conducted by Howard Shore, who also composed the music for the other two films in the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is the second instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and was produced by Barrie M. Osborne, Fran Walsh and Jackson, and written by Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Stephen Sinclair and Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Blu-ray editionThe theatrical Blu-ray version of The Lord of the Rings was released in the United States in April 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The meaning of the title itself, 'The Two Towers', was changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Cate Blanchett as Galadriel: The Elven-Queen of Lothlórien, who discusses Middle-earth's future with Elrond."
}
] |
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a film that has a hobbit queen in it.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reign | Burgundy and the Low Countries",
"text": "The important city of Ghent rebelled in 1539 due to heavy tax payments demanded by Charles."
}
] |
bAsLKHaICVvaoxGFc2MP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire",
"text": "He was also the natural candidate of the electors to succeed his grandfather as Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire | Protestant Reformation",
"text": "Charles V relied on religious unity to govern his various realms, otherwise unified only in his person, and perceived Luther's teachings as a disruptive form of heresy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire | Protestant Reformation",
"text": "The issue of the Protestant Reformation was first brought to the imperial attention under Charles V. As Holy Roman Emperor, Charles called Martin Luther to the Diet of Worms in 1521, promising him safe conduct if he would appear."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire | Wars with France",
"text": "To gain his freedom, Francis ceded Burgundy to Charles in the Treaty of Madrid, as well as renouncing his support of Henry II's claim over Navarre."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire | Wars with France",
"text": "Charles abdicated midway through this conflict, leaving further conduct of the war to his son, Philip II, and his brother, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire",
"text": "On 26 October 1520 he was crowned in Germany and some ten years later, on 22 February 1530, he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII in Bologna, the last emperor to receive a papal coronation."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire | Protestant Reformation",
"text": "The agreements led to the religious division of Germany between Catholic and Protestant princedoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Coat of arms of Charles V",
"text": "Coat of arms of Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire according to the description: Arms of Charles I added to those of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Two Sicilies and Granada present in the previous coat, those of Austria, ancient Burgundy, modern Burgundy, Brabant, Flanders and Tyrol."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Holy Roman Empire",
"text": "Up to that date, Charles continued to use the title of emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Burgundy and the Low Countries",
"text": "The important city of Ghent rebelled in 1539 due to heavy tax payments demanded by Charles."
}
] |
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V had a rebellion related to religious freedom in 1539.
| 1 | 2 |
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (, Italian: [de ˈniːro]; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship."
}
] |
bBQ9ph0XKlCRsxflzrr5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "\" In 2020, he criticized the Trump administration and defended himself, saying, \"As a citizen, I have as much right as anybody ―"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Bobby Milk\" because of his pale complexion, De Niro befriended a number of street kids in Little Italy, much to the disapproval of his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was raised by his mother in the Greenwich Village and Little Italy neighborhoods of Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His citizenship was granted by the Italian government despite strong opposition by the Sons of Italy, who believe that De Niro damaged the public image of Italians by portraying criminals."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "Finally that year, he provided a voice-over for the documentary Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "It's 'fuck Trump'. \" De Niro opined Trump as a racist, and admits that he was \"naive\" about Obama's two election wins and their implication of a post-racial America: \"I felt we were on a new thing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1974–1980: Scorsese collaboration and acclaim",
"text": "Starring an ensemble cast, the film is set in the Emilia region of Italy, and tells the story of two men, the landowner Alfredo Berlinghieri (De Niro) and the peasant Olmo Dalcò (Gérard Depardieu), as they witness and participate in the political conflicts between fascism and communism in the first half of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "For his next feature film, he co-starred in The Mission (1986) with Jeremy Irons, a period drama about the experiences of a Jesuit missionary in eighteenth century South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "His next film credit was in Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in America (1984), in which he plays David \"Noodles\" Aaronson, a New York City Jewish gangster."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He diversified into comic roles, such as by playing a stand-up comedian in The King of Comedy (1982), and gained further recognition for his performances in Sergio Leone's crime epic Once Upon a Time in America (1984), science fiction dystopian satire Brazil (1985), the religious epic The Mission (1986), and the comedy Midnight Run (1988)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (, Italian: [de ˈniːro]; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship."
}
] |
De Niro is a dual citizen of Italy and America.
| 4 | 7 |
Robert De Niro
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "Its armament was four short four-pounder carriage guns and ten half-pounder swivel guns, supplemented by small arms such as muskets."
}
] |
bCMbLmlWlEgnCXz0W9c9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Crew",
"text": "Overall, Bounty's crew was relatively youthful, the majority being under 30; at the time of departure, Bligh was 33 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Retribution | HMS Pandora mission",
"text": "Pandora remained at Tahiti for five weeks while Captain Edwards unsuccessfully sought information on Bounty's whereabouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Retribution | HMS Pandora mission",
"text": "The prisoners were confined for seven weeks, at first in prison and later on a Dutch East India Company ship, before being transported to Cape Town."
},
{
"section_header": "Retribution | HMS Pandora mission",
"text": "There they were transferred to the guardship HMS Hector to await trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "It was renamed after being purchased by the Royal Navy for £1,950 in May 1787."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Crew",
"text": "Most of Bounty's crew were chosen by Bligh or were recommended to him by influential patrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Retribution | HMS Pandora mission",
"text": "On 5 April 1792, they embarked for England on a British warship, HMS Gorgon, and arrived at Portsmouth on 19 June."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Towards home",
"text": "On 22 April 1789, Bounty arrived at Nomuka, in the Friendly Islands (now called Tonga), intending to pick up wood, water, and further supplies on the final scheduled stop before the Endeavour Strait."
},
{
"section_header": "Retribution | HMS Pandora mission",
"text": "In November 1790, the Admiralty despatched the frigate HMS Pandora under Captain Edward Edwards to capture the mutineers and return them to England to stand trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Retribution | HMS Pandora mission",
"text": "Bligh, who had been given command of HMS Providence for a second breadfruit expedition, had left England in August 1791, and thus would be absent from the pending court martial proceedings."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "Its armament was four short four-pounder carriage guns and ten half-pounder swivel guns, supplemented by small arms such as muskets."
}
] |
HMS Bounty's cannons were intended to be reinforced by rifles.
| 1 | 4 |
Mutiny on the Bounty
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8."
}
] |
bCPv1XGFd61CHiF74mGO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Analysis",
"text": "During periods of lower global temperatures, snow and rain from that evaporated water tends to be higher in oxygen-16, and the seawater left behind tends to be higher in oxygen-18."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role of O2 | Build-up in the atmosphere",
"text": "Since the beginning of the Cambrian period 540 million years ago, atmospheric O2 levels have fluctuated between 15% and 30% by volume."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early experiments",
"text": "In one experiment, he found that placing either a mouse or a lit candle in a closed container over water caused the water to rise and replace one-fourteenth of the air's volume before extinguishing the subjects."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role of O2 | Build-up in the atmosphere",
"text": "Towards the end of the Carboniferous period (about 300 million years ago) atmospheric O2 levels reached a maximum of 35% by volume, which may have contributed to the large size of insects and amphibians at this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Analysis",
"text": "The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "For example, Dalton assumed that water's formula was HO, leading to the conclusion that the atomic mass of oxygen was 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Analysis",
"text": "Analysis of a silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space and returned by the crashed Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lavoisier's contribution",
"text": "In one experiment, Lavoisier observed that there was no overall increase in weight when tin and air were heated in a closed container."
}
] |
Oxygen's number on the periodic table is 16.
| 0 | 0 |
Oxygen
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, creating the only grandfather–grandson duo to have held the office."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence."
}
] |
bCk1Dp2vagv7y9e7VnLP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "His family was distinguished, but his parents were not wealthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "His paternal ancestors were the Harrison family of Virginia, whose immigrant ancestor, Benjamin Harrison, arrived in Jamestown, Virginia, circa 1630 from England."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "At Miami, Harrison was strongly influenced by history and political economy professor Robert Hamilton Bishop."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "Despite the family's modest resources, Harrison's boyhood was enjoyable, much of it spent outdoors fishing or hunting."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "Harrison was born on August 20, 1833, in North Bend, Ohio, the second of Elizabeth Ramsey (Irwin) and John Scott Harrison's ten children."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "Harrison's early schooling took place in a log cabin near his home, but his parents later arranged for a tutor to help him with college preparatory studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "Classmates included John Alexander Anderson, who became a six-term U.S. congressman, and Whitelaw Reid, Harrison's vice presidential running mate in 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "The administration faced challenges throughout the hemisphere, in the Pacific, and in relations with the European powers, involvements that would be taken for granted in the twenty first century."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war career | Indiana politics",
"text": "He initially confined his political activities to speaking on behalf of other Republican candidates, a task for which he received high praise from his colleagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "He began by delaying the presumed nomination of James G. Blaine as Secretary of State so as to preclude Blaine's involvement in the formation of the administration, as had occurred in President Garfield's term."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, creating the only grandfather–grandson duo to have held the office."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence."
}
] |
Harrison's family was involved in politics.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Harrison
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yeomanry charged into the crowd, knocking down a woman and killing a child, and finally apprehended Hunt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peterloo Massacre took place at St Peter's Field, Manchester, Lancashire, England on Monday 16 August 1819."
}
] |
bCzgiixvHDQHc36ycamZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reaction and aftermath | Public",
"text": "Shortly before his death he said to a friend that he had never been in such danger as at Peterloo: \"At Waterloo there was man to man"
},
{
"section_header": "Commemorations",
"text": "Under the heading \"St. Peter's Fields: The Peterloo Massacre\", the new plaque read: On 16th August 1819 a peaceful rally of 60,000 pro-democracy reformers, men, women and children, was attacked by armed cavalry resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and aftermath | Public",
"text": "The Peterloo Massacre has been called one of the defining moments of its age."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and aftermath | Public",
"text": "He also wrote pamphlets entitled \"The Peterloo Massacre: A Faithful Narrative of the Events\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and aftermath | Public",
"text": "His poem, The Masque of Anarchy, subtitled Written on the Occasion of the Massacre at Manchester was sent for publication in the radical periodical The Examiner, but because of restrictions on the radical press it was not published until 1832, ten years after the poet's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yeomanry charged into the crowd, knocking down a woman and killing a child, and finally apprehended Hunt."
},
{
"section_header": "Victims",
"text": "It is these 18 whose names are carved on the 2019 memorial, including the unborn child of Elizabeth Gaunt."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and aftermath | Political",
"text": "\"The Peterloo Massacre also influenced the naming of the 1821 Cinderloo Uprising in the Coalbrookdale Coalfield of east Shropshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peterloo Massacre took place at St Peter's Field, Manchester, Lancashire, England on Monday 16 August 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Representations in popular culture",
"text": "The most important fictional treatment remains Isabella Banks's 1876 novel, The Manchester Man, for its author lived in Manchester at the time and wove into her account numerous testimonies she picked up from people who were involved."
}
] |
Peterloo Massacre happened in Europe and involved the death of a child.
| 0 | 0 |
Peterloo Massacre
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Birth, early family life, and education",
"text": "Her father, Edward Sherwood Mead, was a professor of finance at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and her mother, Emily (née Fogg) Mead, was a sociologist who studied Italian immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth, early family life, and education",
"text": "Her family moved frequently, so her early education was directed by her grandmother until, at age 11, she was enrolled by her family at Buckingham Friends School in Lahaska, Pennsylvania."
}
] |
bD3nkPIPC6pw81mJLwnl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" The Height of Her Powers: Margaret Mead's Samoa\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth, early family life, and education",
"text": "Her family moved frequently, so her early education was directed by her grandmother until, at age 11, she was enrolled by her family at Buckingham Friends School in Lahaska, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Margaret and Me\". Ethnohistory."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Mead, Margaret. Mead, Margaret. 1977. The Future as Frame for the Present."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications by Mead | As editor or coauthor",
"text": "Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) Growing Up In New Guinea (1930) The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe (1932) Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935) And Keep Your Powder Dry: An Anthropologist Looks at America (1942) Male and Female (1949) New Lives for Old: Cultural Transformation in Manus, 1928–1953 (1956) People and Places (1959; a book for young readers) Continuities in Cultural Evolution (1964) Culture and Commitment (1970) The Mountain Arapesh: Stream of events in Alitoa (1971) Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years (1972; autobiography) Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis, with Gregory Bateson, 1942, New York Academy of Sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)",
"text": "In 1983, five years after Mead had died, New Zealand anthropologist Derek Freeman published Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, in which he challenged Mead's major findings about sexuality in Samoan society."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mead's brother, Richard, was a professor."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict: The Kinship of Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Metraux, Rhoda (1980). \" Margaret Mead."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They were married in 1928, after Mead's divorce from Cressman."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth, early family life, and education",
"text": "Her father, Edward Sherwood Mead, was a professor of finance at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and her mother, Emily (née Fogg) Mead, was a sociologist who studied Italian immigrants."
}
] |
Margaret Mead's household did move a lot when she was growing up.
| 2 | 5 |
Margaret Mead
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "At last in August 1814, peace discussions began in the neutral city of Ghent."
}
] |
bDlLqFDGpKplTiEz3zC6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "Liverpool informed Foreign Secretary Castlereagh, who was at Vienna: \"I think we have determined, if all other points can be satisfactorily settled, not to continue the war for the purpose of obtaining or securing any acquisition of territory.\" Liverpool cited several reasons, especially the unsatisfactory negotiations underway at Vienna, the alarming reports from France that it might resume the war, and the weak financial condition of the government."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Negotiations were held in Ghent, United Netherlands, starting in August 1814."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "Liverpool told British negotiators to offer a status quo, which the British government had desired since the start of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty restored relations between the two parties to status quo ante bellum, restoring the borders of the two countries to the lines before the war started in June"
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "The Peace Bridge between Buffalo, New York, and Fort Erie, Ontario, opened in 1927 to commemorate more than a century of peace between the United States and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That began more than two centuries of peaceful relations between the United States and Britain, despite a few tense moments, such as the Pig War in 1859 and Trent Affair in 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "For nothing has changed; everything is as it was at the beginning save for the graves of those who, it now appears, have fought for a trifle:...Lake Erie and Fort McHenry will go into the American history books, Queenston Heights and Crysler's Farm into the Canadian, but without the gore, the stench, the disease, the terror, the conniving, and the imbecilities that march with every army.\" In the century of peace between both countries that followed from 1815 to World War I, several more territorial and diplomatic disputes arose however these disputes were all resolved peacefully through arbitration."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "At last in August 1814, peace discussions began in the neutral city of Ghent."
}
] |
The settlement started in the early 19th century in Vienna
| 0 | 0 |
Treaty of Ghent
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "His hometown of Homestead declared a school holiday in his honor the day of his funeral."
}
] |
bELqYVHJMbPcB5f7VPQ4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cumberland “Cum” Willis Posey, Jr. (June 20, 1890 – March 28, 1946) was an American baseball player, manager, and team owner in the Negro leagues, as well as a professional basketball player and team owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "His hometown of Homestead declared a school holiday in his honor the day of his funeral."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey, the principal owner of the Homestead Grays, spent 35 years (1911–1946) in baseball as a player, manager, owner and club official."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "In baseball, Posey played with the Homestead Grays in 1911, was manager by 1916, and became owner in the early 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In football, Cumberland Jr. was a star player and manager for semi-pro sandlot teams in the Pittsburgh area prior to 1910, including the Delaney Rifles and the Collins Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cumberland Jr. was born into Western Pennsylvania's Negro elite, the son of Cumberland Willis Posey Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "Posey, an aggressive talent seeker with the Grays, at one time or another had over a dozen current Negro leagues Hall of Famers playing for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Basketball",
"text": "Posey was the best African American basketball player of his time, playing from the early 1900s (decade) through the mid-1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "D.C. The team won eight out of nine Negro National League titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Homestead Grays",
"text": "In a quarter-century running the team, he built it into one of the powerhouse franchises of black baseball, winning numerous pennants, including nine consecutively from 1937–1945."
}
] |
Cumberland Posey was an American baseball player, manager, team owner in the Negro leagues and has a school holiday on the day he pass away.
| 0 | 0 |
Cum Posey
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "She became a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, concurrent to her professorship at MIT, in 1993."
}
] |
bEPoipCJX2rPgps4aako
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shafrira \"Shafi\" Goldwasser (Hebrew: שפרירה גולדווסר) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and winner of the Turing Award in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "She became a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, concurrent to her professorship at MIT, in 1993."
}
] |
Shafrira is an academic at Harvard.
| 0 | 0 |
Shafi Goldwasser
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marco Polo ( (listen), Venetian: [ˈmaɾko ˈpolo], Italian: [ˈmarko ˈpɔːlo]; 1254 – January 8–9, 1324) was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295."
}
] |
bEW2GOIEe8FF5vwlWmIv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His travels are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo (also known as Book of the Marvels of the World and Il Milione, c. 1300), a book that described to Europeans the then mysterious culture and inner workings of the Eastern world, including the wealth and great size of the Mongol Empire and China in the Yuan Dynasty, giving their first comprehensive look into China, Persia, India, Japan and other Asian cities and countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marco Polo ( (listen), Venetian: [ˈmaɾko ˈpolo], Italian: [ˈmarko ˈpɔːlo]; 1254 – January 8–9, 1324) was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Genoese captivity and later life",
"text": "Marco and his uncle Maffeo financed other expeditions, but likely never left Venetian provinces, nor returned to the Silk Road and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Travels of Marco Polo | Narrative",
"text": "The Polos wanted to sail straight into China, but the ships there were not seaworthy, so they continued overland through the Silk Road, until reaching Kublai's summer palace in Shangdu, near present-day Zhangjiakou."
},
{
"section_header": "Travels of Marco Polo | Role of Rustichello",
"text": "Rustichello wrote Devisement du Monde in Franco-Venetian language, which was the language of culture widespread in northern Italy between the subalpine belt and the lower Po between the 13th and 15th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, exploring many places along the Silk Road until they reached Cathay (China)."
},
{
"section_header": "Travels of Marco Polo",
"text": "Since Latin was then the most widespread and authoritative language of culture, it is suggested that Rustichello's text was translated into Latin for a precise will of the Dominican Order, and this helped to promote the book on a European scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Travels of Marco Polo | Narrative",
"text": "In one instance during their trip, the Polos joined a caravan of travelling merchants whom they crossed paths with."
},
{
"section_header": "Travels of Marco Polo",
"text": "Rustichello wrote Devisement du Monde in Franco-Venetian."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarly analyses | Explaining omissions",
"text": "Skeptics have long wondered if Marco Polo wrote his book based on hearsay, with some pointing to omissions about noteworthy practices and structures of China as well as the lack of details on some places in his book."
}
] |
Marco Polo was a Spanish merchant who travel the Silk Road and wrote a book about the culture, wealth and size of the Mongol Empire.
| 0 | 0 |
Marco Polo
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Harrison was the seventh and youngest child of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth (Bassett) Harrison, born on February 9, 1773 at Berkeley Plantation, the Harrison family home along the James River in Charles City County, Virginia."
}
] |
bFA7dHMgNVK5wWR7FihE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors and tributes",
"text": "The Gen. William Henry Harrison Headquarters in Franklinton (now part of Columbus, Ohio) commemorates Harrison."
},
{
"section_header": "Postwar life | Private citizen",
"text": "In these early years, Harrison also earned money from his contributions to James Hall's A Memoir of the Public Services of William Henry Harrison, published in 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841) | Shortest presidency",
"text": "Webster attempted to press this decision at a March 25 cabinet meeting, and Harrison asked him to read aloud a handwritten note which said simply \"William Henry Harrison, President of the United States\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841) | Shortest presidency",
"text": "He then announced: \"William Henry Harrison, President of the United States, tells you, gentlemen, that, by God, John Chambers shall be governor of Iowa!\" Harrison's only official act of consequence was to call Congress into a special session."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Harrison was the seventh and youngest child of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth (Bassett) Harrison, born on February 9, 1773 at Berkeley Plantation, the Harrison family home along the James River in Charles City County, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral",
"text": "That June, Harrison's body was transported by train and river barge to North Bend, Ohio, and he was buried on July 7 in a family tomb at the summit of Mt. Nebo overlooking the Ohio River which is now the William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies before the Declaration of Independence in 1776."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Marriage and family",
"text": "The Harrisons had ten children: Elizabeth Bassett (1796–1846), John Cleves Symmes (1798–1830), Lucy Singleton (1800–1826), William Henry (1802–1838), John Scott (1804–1878) father of future U.S. president Benjamin Harrison, Benjamin (1806–1840), Mary Symmes (1809–1842), Carter Bassett (1811–1839), Anna Tuthill (1813–1865), James Findlay (1814–1817)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was a member of a prominent political family of English descent whose ancestors had been in Virginia since the 1630s and the last American president not born as an American Citizen."
}
] |
William Henry Harrison was the last child from his parents.
| 2 | 2 |
William Henry Harrison
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delhi Metro operates over 2,700 trips daily, starting at around 05:00 and ending at 23:30.Construction started in 1998, and the first elevated section (Shahdara to Tis Hazari) on the Red Line opened in 2002."
}
] |
bFJujID4ePh8cTNVI8fi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "After taking over the operation of the Delhi Airport Express Metro, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has taken over the operation of Gurugram Rapid Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Feeder buses",
"text": "DMRC operates around 291 feeder buses on 42 routes connecting 54 metro stations in Delhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "From 22 October, DMRC has been maintaining a separate account for the Rapid Metro on the lines of the Delhi Airport Metro, in which the details of expenditure on metro revenue and operating expenses are recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "The DMRC took the complete operation of Gurugram Rapid Metro from 22 October 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Feeder buses",
"text": "However, if an operator wishes he can operate before/beyond these hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "It is being reported that due to the low number of passengers in the Rapid Metro in Peak Hour, it faced a lot of difficulty in its operation."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations",
"text": "To make travelling by metro a smoother experience, Delhi Metro has launched its own official mobile app Delhi Metro Rail for smartphone users,(iPhone and Android) that will provide information on various facilities like the location of the nearest metro station, fare, parking availability, tourist spots near metro stations, security and emergency helpline numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Depots",
"text": "Delhi Metro currently has 15 operational depots."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations",
"text": "The trains operate at a frequency of one to two minutes to five to ten minutes between 05:00 and 00:00, depending upon the peak and off-peak hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations",
"text": "Trains operating within the network typically travel at speed up to 75 km/h (47 mph) and stop for about 20 seconds at each station."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delhi Metro operates over 2,700 trips daily, starting at around 05:00 and ending at 23:30.Construction started in 1998, and the first elevated section (Shahdara to Tis Hazari) on the Red Line opened in 2002."
}
] |
The metro operates from 4AM to 12AM.
| 2 | 7 |
Delhi Metro
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To encourage a more orderly environment, Johnson strongly supported the new league's umpires, which eventually included Hall of Famer Billy Evans."
}
] |
bFfZI95ir64myEeBZ5RR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was more responsible for making baseball the national game than anyone in the history of the sport\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "However, Landis would only accept an appointment as sole Commissioner of Baseball, with unlimited power over the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Byron Bancroft \"Ban\" Johnson (January 5, 1864 – March 28, 1931) was an American executive in professional baseball who served as the founder and first president of the American League (AL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To encourage a more orderly environment, Johnson strongly supported the new league's umpires, which eventually included Hall of Famer Billy Evans."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937 as one of its charter members."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Landis banned two New York Giants from the Series for attempting to bribe members of the Philadelphia Phillies late in the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "However, in 1926, Johnson criticized Landis for granting Ty Cobb and Tris Speaker an amnesty after evidence surfaced that they had fixed a game in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "At the urging of Comiskey and Reds owner John T. Brush, Johnson was elected as president of the Western League, a faltering minor league, at a reorganization meeting held in 1893.Johnson had criticized the National League for its rowdy atmosphere, which was driving away families and women."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Will Harridge, who succeeded to the AL presidency in 1931, summed up Johnson's legacy: \"He was the most brilliant man the game has ever known."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "By this time, Comiskey had become a bitter enemy of Johnson; the two men's once warm friendship had strained considerably."
}
] |
Ban Johnson, a baseball executive, reformed the once rowdy baseball games into orderly and respectful environments where all members of the family would feel welcome to enjoy the game.
| 2 | 10 |
Ban Johnson
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tops the rank of absence of terrorism, a unique position within South America."
}
] |
bG4hLCVKwj5AmzkpKAex
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Return to democracy (1984–present)",
"text": "According to Edy Kaufman (cited by Dr. David Altman), Uruguay at the time had the highest per capita number of political prisoners in the world. \" Kaufman, who spoke at the U.S. Congressional Hearings of 1976 on behalf of Amnesty International, estimated that one in every five Uruguayans went into exile, one in fifty were detained, and one in five hundred went to prison (most of them tortured).\" A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Civic-military regime",
"text": "According to one source, around 200 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with hundreds more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Uruguay exported 1,414 football players during the 2000s, almost as many players as Brazil and Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Since its independence, the country has been known as la República Oriental del Uruguay, which literally means \"the eastern republic of the Uruguay [River]\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Uruguay terminated the agreement in 2006 following the early repayment of its debt but maintained a number of the policy commitments."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uruguay is regarded as one of the most socially advanced countries in Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "One of the main natural attractions in Uruguay is Punta del Este."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is regarded as a high-income country by the UN."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "As would be expected with its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tops the rank of absence of terrorism, a unique position within South America."
}
] |
Uruguay is known for many things, but a high number of native-born terrorists is not one of them.
| 1 | 2 |
Uruguay
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "McGraw gave Youngs the nickname \"Pep\" due to his hustle and soon began to groom Youngs to become his successor as Giants' manager."
}
] |
bG7MqQJz1zxUBw4fg13j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Youngs is the only member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame from San Antonio and was inducted into the San Antonio Sports Hall of Fame in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ross Middlebrook \"Pep\" Youngs (April 10, 1897 – October 22, 1927) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Pep\", he played ten seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Giants from 1917 through 1926, playing right field almost exclusively."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Shiner, the town in which Youngs was born, hosted a baseball tournament in his honor at Clipper Field from 2001 through 2003.Youngs' selection, along with some of the other selections made by Terry and Frisch, has been considered one of the weakest in some circles."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs made his major league debut on September 25 and played in seven of the last nine games of the season for the eventual National League (NL) pennant-winners: six in center field and one in right."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "In Youngs' obituary in The New York Times, Giants manager John McGraw called Youngs \"the greatest outfielder I ever saw on a ball field."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Youngs was a favorite of McGraw, who kept only two pictures in his office: one of Christy Mathewson and one of Youngs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "They explained what they called \"the Smoky Joe Wood Syndrome\", where a player of truly exceptional talent but a career curtailed by injury or illness should still — in spite of not owning career statistics that would quantitatively rank him with the all-time greats — be included on their list of the 100 greatest players."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Toward the end of his career, Youngs taught Mel Ott, his eventual successor, how to play right field in the Polo Grounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "He received offers for scholarships to play college football but passed on these, as he preferred baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "McGraw gave Youngs the nickname \"Pep\" due to his hustle and soon began to groom Youngs to become his successor as Giants' manager."
}
] |
Ross Young was called "Pep" because he knew how to look alive out on the field when playing the great sport of baseball.
| 1 | 2 |
Ross Youngs
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Forty-eight of the 50 U.S. states use the term \"county\", while Alaska and Louisiana use the terms \"borough\" and \"parish\", respectively, for analogous jurisdictions."
}
] |
bG8peTKZODNTofATM9QZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "In addition, the United States Census Bureau uses the term \"county equivalent\" to describe places that are comparable to counties, but called by different names."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "In the context of city government, the boroughs are subdivisions of the city but are still called \"county\" where state function is involved, e.g., \"New York County Courthouse\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Counties in U.S. states are administrative or political subdivision of the state in which their boundaries are drawn."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Today, 3,142 counties and county equivalents carve up the United States, ranging in number from 3 for Delaware to 254 for Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "The areas of each county also vary widely between the states."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "The specific governmental powers of counties vary widely between the states."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Depending on the individual state, counties or their equivalents may be administratively subdivided into townships, boroughs or boros, or towns (in the New England states, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "For independent cities and consolidated city-counties, those places report directly to the state."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Some New England states use the term shire town to mean \"county seat\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "The District of Columbia, outside the jurisdiction of any state, is viewed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a single county equivalent."
},
{
"section_header": "The Americas | United States",
"text": "Forty-eight of the 50 U.S. states use the term \"county\", while Alaska and Louisiana use the terms \"borough\" and \"parish\", respectively, for analogous jurisdictions."
}
] |
Every state in the United States has a county and is called county.
| 2 | 4 |
County
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1991, at the age of 7, she moved from Soviet Ukraine to the United States with her family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Milena Markovna \"Mila\" Milena Markovna \"Mila\" Kunis (; Ukrainian: Мілена Марківна Куніс; Russian: Милена Марковна Кунис; born August 14, 1983) is an American actress."
}
] |
bGA4OY2I01G6vvbYt6A2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1991, at the age of 7, she moved from Soviet Ukraine to the United States with her family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1991, when she was 7 years old, her family moved to Los Angeles, California, with $250."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "At the age of 10, Kunis auditioned for but failed to get the role of a Russian Jewish girl who moves to America in the film Make a Wish, Molly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Milena Markovna \"Mila\" Milena Markovna \"Mila\" Kunis (; Ukrainian: Мілена Марківна Куніс; Russian: Милена Марковна Кунис; born August 14, 1983) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "comes from a Jewish family and has cited antisemitism in the former Soviet Union as one of several reasons for her family's move to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She used an on-set tutor for most of her high school years while filming That '70s Show."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Milena Markovna Kunis was born on August 14, 1983, in Chernivtsi, Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "I say that Lacey did a phenomenal job, but there was something about Mila – something very natural about Mila."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "They became engaged in February 2014, and married during the first weekend of July 2015 in Oak Glen, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jewish as much as they could\", although religion was suppressed in the Soviet Union."
}
] |
Mila Kunis moved from the Soviet Ukraine at the age of 7 to the US where she became an actress.
| 1 | 5 |
Mila Kunis
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The extended metaphor of \"crossing the bar\" represents travelling serenely and securely from life through death."
}
] |
bGG2NRnvyOqWU7PDs5uD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered that Tennyson wrote it in elegy; the narrator uses an extended metaphor to compare death with crossing the \"sandbar\" between river of life, with its outgoing \"flood\", and the ocean that lies beyond [death], the \"boundless deep\", to which we return."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The music was written at the time her husband's grandmother was passing away."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Crossing the Bar\" is an 1889 poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The extended metaphor of \"crossing the bar\" represents travelling serenely and securely from life through death."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Shortly before he died, Tennyson told his son Hallam to \"put 'Crossing the Bar' at the end of all editions of my poems\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Assersohn's piece \"Crossing the Bar\" won the Composers' Competition at the Cornwall International Male Voice Choir Festival, from a field of 40 entries."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Assersohn is the Musical Director of Epsom Male Voice Choir, and the choir sang the world première of \"Crossing the Bar\" in Truro Cathedral at the Festival"
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In August 2018, the writer V. S. Naipaul died after reading \"Crossing the Bar\" on his deathbed in London; his family and friends citing the poem as having always held a great resonance to him."
}
] |
"Crossing the Bar" is about a man's struggle to pass the bar examine and thus compares it to a sandbar.
| 2 | 3 |
Crossing the Bar
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1704, the War of the Spanish Succession was in its fourth year."
}
] |
bGYEVg9JrgQ0uKBEPUFg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French Bataille de Höchstädt), fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1704, the War of the Spanish Succession was in its fourth year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Blenheim was one of the battles that altered the course of the war, which until then was leaning on the side of the French and Spanish Bourbons."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Fall of Blenheim",
"text": "The French infantry fought tenaciously to hold on to their position in Blenheim, but their commander was nowhere to be found."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Dutch, however, who clung to their troops for their country's protection, were against any adventurous military operation as far south as the Danube and would never willingly permit any major weakening of the forces in the Spanish Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Centre and Oberglauheim",
"text": "\" Palmes, however, attempted to follow up his success but was repulsed in some confusion by other French cavalry, and musket fire from the edge of Blenheim."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The famous Lake poet Robert Southey scathingly criticised the Battle of Blenheim in his anti war poem After Blenheim."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Fall of Blenheim",
"text": "... our men fought in and through the fire ... until many on both sides were burned to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Despite being offered the chance to remain as ruler of Bavaria (under strict terms of an alliance with Austria), the Elector left his country and family in order to continue the war against the Allies from the Spanish Netherlands where he still held the post of governor-general."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Final positioning",
"text": "During 11 August, Tallard pushed forward from the river crossings at Dillingen; by 12 August, the Franco-Bavarian forces were encamped behind the small river Nebel near the village of Blenheim on the plain of Höchstädt."
}
] |
The Battle of Blenheim was a major battle fought in the 4th August of the War of the Spanish Succession.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Blenheim
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2007: Encore, more lyrical conflicts and musical hiatus",
"text": "On December 8, 2003, the United States Secret Service said that it was \"looking into\" allegations that Eminem had threatened the President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues and controversies",
"text": "In 2018–2019, the Secret Service interviewed Eminem again regarding threatening lyrics towards President Donald Trump and daughter Ivanka."
}
] |
bGcFexMHolmWcDGRkrOu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Allegations of homophobia",
"text": "But that word, those kind of words, when I came up battle-rappin' or whatever, I never really equated those words... (to"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–2016: Shady XV, vinyl box set, and Southpaw",
"text": "Eminem is the executive producer of the soundtrack on the sports drama Southpaw, with Shady Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Collaborations and productions",
"text": "Eminem was the executive producer of D12's first two albums (Devil's Night and D12 World),"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1997–1999: Introduction to Slim Shady, The Slim Shady LP and rise to success",
"text": "\" Eminem had idolized Dre since listening to N.W.A. as a teenager, and was nervous about working with him on an album: \"I didn't want to be starstruck or kiss his ass too much... I'm just a little white boy from Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Collaborations and productions",
"text": "In 2004 Eminem was co-executive producer of 2Pac's posthumous album Loyal to the Game with Shakur's mother, Afeni."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "You Lie\" and \"Not Afraid\" have all been certified Diamond or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and honors",
"text": "You Lie\" and \"Not Afraid\" have all been certified Diamond or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues and controversies",
"text": "I'd rather see the president dead, it's never been said"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2007: Encore, more lyrical conflicts and musical hiatus",
"text": "We don't know. \" Eminem was ranked 58th in Bernard Goldberg's 2005 book 100 People Who Are Screwing Up America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has made cameo appearances in the films"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2007: Encore, more lyrical conflicts and musical hiatus",
"text": "On December 8, 2003, the United States Secret Service said that it was \"looking into\" allegations that Eminem had threatened the President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues and controversies",
"text": "In 2018–2019, the Secret Service interviewed Eminem again regarding threatening lyrics towards President Donald Trump and daughter Ivanka."
}
] |
Eminem has never made government spooks nervous about alleged intentions to harm the chief executive of America.
| 0 | 0 |
Eminem
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "It was the first Western to win the Best Picture award, and it would not be until 1990 when Dances with Wolves won, that another Western would garner that honor.1930–1931 Academy Awards"
}
] |
bGtU1TxckcVxC5mhqkZ2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "It would win the first of only two Best Picture Oscars for the studio, the other being awarded to 1946's The Best Years of Our Lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It would be RKO's most expensive production up to that date, and its winning of the top Oscar for Best Production would be only one of two ever won by that studio."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "It was the first Western to win the Best Picture award, and it would not be until 1990 when Dances with Wolves won, that another Western would garner that honor.1930–1931 Academy Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Eight decades later, it is frequently cited on lists of the most undeserving Academy Award winners and is rightfully impugned for racist overtones and scattershot storytelling.\" Steve Evans of DVD Verdict wrote, \"Seen with contemporary eyes, the film is badly dated, slow moving, and pocked with racist caricatures.... The recreation of the great 1889 Oklahoma Land Rush remains an exciting spectacle.... Unfortunately, the film never manages to top this opening shot.\" At the 1931 Academy Awards ceremony at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, Cimarron was the first film to receive more than six Academy Awards nominations and be nominated for the Big Five awards (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Writing)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Evening Independent called it \"a notable addition to the small list of pictures that the years have given to the American theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also one of the few Westerns to ever win the top honor at the Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cimarron is a 1931 Pre-Code Western film directed by Wesley Ruggles, starring Richard Dix and Irene Dunne, and featuring Estelle Taylor and Roscoe Ates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Oscar-winning script was written by Howard Estabrook based on the 1930 Edna Ferber novel Cimarron."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In order to film key scenes for this production, RKO purchased 89 acres in Encino where construction of Art Director Max Ree's Oscar-winning design of a complete western town and a three-block modern main street were built to represent the fictional Oklahoma boomtown of Osage."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "It won for three of them, including Best Picture."
}
] |
Cimarron is the 1st and only Western film to win Best Picture at the Oscars even though it is often on the lists of the most undeserving winners.
| 0 | 0 |
Cimarron (1931 film)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer."
}
] |
bH9UBA5RdMI3A2T3RZyf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Before the crux, Scarlatti sonatas often contain their main thematic variety, and after the crux the music makes more use of repetitive figurations as it modulates away from the home key (in the first half) or back to the home key (in the second half)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti was the sixth of ten children of the composer and teacher Alessandro Scarlatti."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Scarlatti played in the galant style."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti first studied music under his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti died in Madrid, at the age of 71."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Minor planet 6480 Scarlatti is named in his honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti has been heralded as the \"greatest Italian harpsichord composer of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected discography | Piano recitals",
"text": "Scarlatti: 18 Sonatas: Yevgeny Sudbin, piano (2016,"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Spanish Crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "While in Rome, Scarlatti composed several operas for Queen Casimire's private theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer."
}
] |
Scarlatti passed away in 1755.
| 0 | 0 |
Domenico Scarlatti
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "There is not a single detail in the life of Pythagoras that stands uncontradicted."
}
] |
bHOhMbdRS8o9IkFW5O2t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged travels",
"text": "By the time of Isocrates in the fourth century BC, Pythagoras's alleged studies in Egypt were already taken as fact."
},
{
"section_header": "Pythagoreanism | Prohibitions and regulations",
"text": "Both of these assumptions, however, have been contradicted."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Pythagoras's early life also coincided with the flowering of early Ionian natural philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged travels",
"text": "Contradicting all these reports, the novelist Antonius Diogenes, writing in the second century BC, reports that Pythagoras discovered all his doctrines himself by interpreting dreams."
},
{
"section_header": "Attributed discoveries | In astronomy",
"text": "By the end of the fifth century BC, this fact was universally accepted among Greek intellectuals."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged travels",
"text": "Like many other important Greek thinkers, Pythagoras was said to have studied in Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Accounts of the attack are often contradictory and many probably confused it with later anti-Pythagorean rebellions."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | In early Christianity",
"text": "In On the Trinity, Augustine lauds the fact that Pythagoras was humble enough to call himself a philosophos or \"lover of wisdom\" rather than a \"sage\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "The building was apparently set on fire, and many of the assembled members perished; only the younger and more active members managed to escape."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Family and friends",
"text": "Diogenes Laërtius states that the same Theano was Pythagoras's pupil and that Pythagoras's wife Theano was her daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "There is not a single detail in the life of Pythagoras that stands uncontradicted."
}
] |
Many facts of Pythagoras' life are contradicted.
| 3 | 7 |
Pythagoras
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a long poem primarily concerning a conversation, over a short time period in a single evening, between a farmer (Warren) and his wife (Mary) about what to do with an ex-employee named Silas, who helped with haymaking and left the farm at an inappropriate time after being offered \"pocket money\", now making his return during winter looking like \"a miserable sight\" having \"changed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Through the obvious moral dichotomy at the start of the poem between Warren and Mary, it can be interpreted that Mary has slowly convinced Warren to offer Silas a room at the house; obviously his offering comes too late with Silas having died, arguably alone, beside the stove."
}
] |
bIIPu5YiQWzowIvAEOtP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a poem by Robert Frost."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a long poem primarily concerning a conversation, over a short time period in a single evening, between a farmer (Warren) and his wife (Mary) about what to do with an ex-employee named Silas, who helped with haymaking and left the farm at an inappropriate time after being offered \"pocket money\", now making his return during winter looking like \"a miserable sight\" having \"changed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Through the obvious moral dichotomy at the start of the poem between Warren and Mary, it can be interpreted that Mary has slowly convinced Warren to offer Silas a room at the house; obviously his offering comes too late with Silas having died, arguably alone, beside the stove."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Warren returns to Mary in a short time informing her that Silas has died: \"Warren returned –"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Silas has evidently returned ‘home’ to the farm to try to reaffirm some meaning in his life before he dies by helping with the next season, and trying to redeem his relationship with Harold – neither of these pursuits are fulfilled."
}
] |
The man whom was hired appeared to have died of a long fall, his corpse strewn at the bottom of a cliff.
| 0 | 0 |
The Death of the Hired Man
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "How I Met Your Mother does not introduce Ted's wife (Cristin Milioti) until the eighth-season finale and only announces her name (Tracy McConnell) during the series finale."
}
] |
bJTyiEIYQVcDR0gcWT55
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Dad",
"text": "Talks of the series being \"shopped\" to other networks emerged."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 2012, seven years after its premiere, the series won the People's Choice for Favorite Network TV Comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 5",
"text": "When Marshall finds out, he decides not to tell Lily, fearing she will want to wait even longer to have children."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Soundtracks",
"text": "A soundtrack album entitled How I Met Your Music: Original Songs from the Hit Series was released digitally to iTunes on September 24, 2012, featuring songs from the first seven seasons"
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "How I Met Your Mother does not introduce Ted's wife (Cristin Milioti) until the eighth-season finale and only announces her name (Tracy McConnell) during the series finale."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012, seven years after its premiere, the series won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Network TV Comedy, and Neil Patrick Harris won the award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "Ted does not want to talk about with his children (sexual practices, use of illicit substances, vulgar language, etc.); and even to add some elements of humor: in the episode \"How I Met Everyone Else\", Ted describes his dates with a girlfriend whose name he has forgotten, leading all characters to act as though her given name were \"Blah-Blah\"; later in the series, Ted remembers her name is Carol."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Harris' husband David Burtka has appeared in seven episodes as Scooter."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The name for the bar is from Carter Bays' assistant, Carl MacLaren; the bartender in the show is also named Carl."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 9",
"text": "It is also revealed that Ted's children are named Penny and Luke."
}
] |
This series is at least seven seasons longer than the name implies it should be.
| 1 | 4 |
How I Met Your Mother
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region, which is, with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km2, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions."
}
] |
bJj0yrjwkNDOgEFoCXkR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlin (; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "It is spoken in Berlin and the surrounding metropolitan area."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The urban area of Berlin had about 4.1 million people in 2014 in an area of 1,347 km2 (520 sq mi), making it the sixth-most-populous urban area in the European Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Capital city",
"text": "Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region, which is, with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km2, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Capital city",
"text": "Due to the influence and international partnerships of the Federal Republic of Germany, the capital city has become a significant centre of German and European affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th to 19th centuries",
"text": "Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Capital city",
"text": "The relocation of the federal government and Bundestag to Berlin was mostly completed in 1999, however some ministries as well as some minor departments stayed in the federal city Bonn, the former capital of West Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Sport",
"text": "Berlin is the largest Olympic training centre in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its 3,769,495 (2019) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union."
}
] |
Berlin is the capital city of Germany, and it has the greatest amount of land area and population, thus making it the largest metropolitan area in Germany.
| 1 | 4 |
Berlin
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Dick Tracy (1950–1951, live action television series starring Ralph Byrd) The Dick Tracy Show (1961, animated television series with various voices including Everett Sloane and Mel Blanc) *"
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Radio",
"text": "Dick Tracy had a long run on radio, from 1934 weekdays on NBC's New England stations to the ABC network in 1948."
}
] |
bJtTocmflUj24wRfBC6i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Comic books",
"text": "The third issue was a direct adaptation of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Early feature films",
"text": "Lyle Latell co-starred in all four films as Pat Patton."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Early feature films",
"text": "All four movies had many of the visual features associated with film noir: dramatic, shadowy photographic compositions, with many exterior scenes filmed at night (at the RKO Encino movie ranch)."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Film serials",
"text": "Dick Tracy made his film debut in Dick Tracy (1937), a 15-chapter movie serial by Republic Pictures starring Ralph Byrd."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | 1990 film",
"text": "In 1990, Warren Beatty directed and starred as the title character in a live action all-star-cast film along with Al Pacino, Dustin Hoffman, and Madonna."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Early feature films",
"text": "Six years after the release of the final Republic serial, Dick Tracy headlined four feature films, produced by RKO Radio Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Film serials",
"text": "In these serials, Dick Tracy is portrayed as an FBI agent, or \"G-Man\", based in California rather than as a detective in the police force of a Midwestern city resembling Chicago, and, aside from himself and Junior, no characters from the strip appear in any of the four films."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Early feature films",
"text": "Anne Jeffreys played Tess Trueheart in the first two, succeeded by Kay Christopher and finally Anne Gwynne; Ian Keith joined the cast as the actor Vitamin Flintheart for two films; Joseph Crehan played Chief Brandon."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Early feature films",
"text": "RKO stocked the films with familiar faces, creating a veritable rogues' gallery of characters: Mike Mazurki as Splitface, Dick Wessel as Cueball, Esther Howard as Filthy Flora, Jack Lambert as hook-handed villain The Claw; baldheaded, pop-eyed Milton Parsons, mild-mannered Byron Foulger, dangerous Trevor Bardette and pockmarked, gently sinister Skelton Knaggs."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Rights to adapt in other media",
"text": "Media outlets reported a legal battle being waged over rights to the Dick Tracy character."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Dick Tracy (1950–1951, live action television series starring Ralph Byrd) The Dick Tracy Show (1961, animated television series with various voices including Everett Sloane and Mel Blanc) *"
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Radio",
"text": "Dick Tracy had a long run on radio, from 1934 weekdays on NBC's New England stations to the ABC network in 1948."
}
] |
It has only been adapted to film.
| 0 | 0 |
Dick Tracy
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Baidu search engine is currently the fourth largest website in the Alexa Internet rankings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baidu, Inc. (Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù, meaning \"hundred degrees\", anglicized BY-doo) is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products and artificial intelligence (AI), headquartered in Beijing's Haidian District."
}
] |
bKZVQS2OOZhf1xNZsjAd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the largest AI and internet companies in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Advertisements | Baidu TV",
"text": "Media Corporation, an online advertising agency and technology company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Baidu search engine is currently the fourth largest website in the Alexa Internet rankings."
},
{
"section_header": "Baidu Union",
"text": "As of May 2011, there were 230,000 partner websites that displayed Baidu Union ads on their websites."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baidu, Inc. (Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù, meaning \"hundred degrees\", anglicized BY-doo) is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products and artificial intelligence (AI), headquartered in Beijing's Haidian District."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "By July 2009, it had reached 100 million registered users Baidu Baike, is China's largest online encyclopedia by users and page views/web traffic; second largest encyclopedia by article count (after Hudong)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baidu Union",
"text": "Baidu has also launched programs through which it displays the online advertising of its customers on Baidu Union websites, and share the fees generated by these advertisements with the owners of these Baidu Union websites."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early development",
"text": "Li later used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Educational Website Search allows users to search the Websites of educational institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baidu has the second largest search engine in the world, and held a 76.05% market share in China's search engine market."
}
] |
Indian technology company Baidu is the 4th largest website.
| 0 | 0 |
Baidu
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "He was 34th in a class of 34 graduates: 23 classmates had dropped out for academic reasons while 22 classmates had already resigned to join the Confederacy."
}
] |
bKcrwaunmlbasQV1hEdV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Civil War | McClellan and Pleasanton",
"text": "Like the other graduates, Custer was commissioned as a second lieutenant; he was assigned to the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment and tasked with drilling volunteers in Washington, D.C."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Utley, Robert M. (2001). Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier, revised edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "A roommate noted, \"It was alright with George Custer, whether he knew his lesson or not; he simply did not allow it to trouble him.\" Under ordinary conditions, Custer's low class rank would result in an obscure posting, the first step in a dead-end career, but Custer had the \"fortune\" to graduate as the Civil War broke out, and the Army had a sudden need for many junior officers."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellany",
"text": "He often ate with them. A May 21, 1876 diary entry by Kellogg records, \"General Custer visits scouts; much at home amongst them.\"Before"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversial legacy | Posthumous legacy",
"text": "After his death, Custer achieved lasting fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "After graduating from McNeely Normal School in 1856, Custer taught school in Cadiz, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth, siblings, and childhood",
"text": "The forceps slipped off and he had to make a second trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments and memorials",
"text": "Custer Monument at the United States Military Academy was first unveiled in 1879."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Gettysburg",
"text": "A second message, from Pleasonton, ordered Gregg to send Custer to cover the Union far left."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Cheyenne oral history tells that she also bore a second child, fathered by Custer in late 1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "He was 34th in a class of 34 graduates: 23 classmates had dropped out for academic reasons while 22 classmates had already resigned to join the Confederacy."
}
] |
At the military academy's graduation, George Custer ranked second to last.
| 0 | 0 |
George Armstrong Custer
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Although he was ideally suited to the part due to his physical resemblance to Gehrig and the quiet strength and masculine appeal that he projected, Cooper was reluctant to accept it because he, like Goldwyn, had no interest in baseball."
}
] |
bKgDpl2m34lBxJc24Lyk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Pride of the Yankees is a 1942 American film produced by Samuel Goldwyn, directed by Sam Wood, and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, and Walter Brennan."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations to other media",
"text": "The Pride of the Yankees was adapted as an hour-long radio play on the October 4, 1943 broadcast of Lux Radio Theater with Gary Cooper and Virginia Bruce and a September 30, 1949 broadcast of Screen Director's Playhouse starring Gary Cooper and Lurene Tuttle."
},
{
"section_header": "Acknowledgment in opening credits",
"text": "\"Appreciation is expressedfor the gracious assistanceof Mrs. Lou Gehrig andfor the cooperation"
},
{
"section_header": "Acknowledgment in opening credits | Foreword",
"text": "This is the story of Lou Gehrig."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lou Gehrig (Cooper) is a young Columbia University student whose old-fashioned mother (Elsa Janssen) wants him to study hard and become an engineer, but the young man has a gift for baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "Gehrig was named the 25th greatest hero in American cinema by the AFI in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "As per AFI database: Samuel Goldwyn displayed little interest in Sam Wood's initial proposal to make a movie tribute to Gehrig, as he had no knowledge or interest in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A year later, at Lou Gehrig Day at Yankee Stadium, an older Billy (David Holt) finds Gehrig and shows him that he has made a full recovery, inspired by his hero's example and the two-homer fulfilled promise."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical",
"text": "Baseball fans who hope to see much baseball played in Pride of the Yankees will be disappointed."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and other recognition",
"text": "Film Editor Daniel Mandell won an Academy Award for his work on The Pride of the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Although he was ideally suited to the part due to his physical resemblance to Gehrig and the quiet strength and masculine appeal that he projected, Cooper was reluctant to accept it because he, like Goldwyn, had no interest in baseball."
}
] |
Gary Cooper initially did not want to be in The Pride of the Yankees because Lou Gehrig was a personal hero of his.
| 0 | 0 |
The Pride of the Yankees
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "After his parents separated, his mother went to Atlanta for work, but Mize remained in Demorest with his grandmother."
}
] |
bKguk9y55Z5C5u21jBd1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Johnny Mize Baseball Museum is located at Piedmont College."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The college also honors the slugger with the Johnny Mize Athletic Center, a sports complex that houses the school's basketball arena."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "In exchange for Mize, the Cardinals received Bill Lohrman, Johnny McCarthy, Ken O'Dea, and $50,000.Mize was involved in a 1941 lawsuit against"
},
{
"section_header": "Military service and later career",
"text": "Mize hit 17 home runs in 51 games and batted over .475 while manning first base for the Bluejackets, other team members included: Phil Rizzuto who belonged to the Yankees; outfielders Sam Chapman, Dom DiMaggio and Barney McCosky; Frankie Pytlak; and Brooklyn shortstop Pee Wee Reese, and Johnny Lipon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Mize was born in Demorest, Georgia to Edward and Emma Mize."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service and later career",
"text": "In October 1953, Mize announced his retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Mize made his major league debut for the Cardinals in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Early MLB career",
"text": "Mize sued because he argued that the company did not have his consent to use his image in the card set."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "After his parents separated, his mother went to Atlanta for work, but Mize remained in Demorest with his grandmother."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Mize was a distant cousin of Ty Cobb and his second cousin married Babe Ruth."
}
] |
Johnny Mize did live with his grandma.
| 0 | 0 |
Johnny Mize
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States from 1921 until his death in 1923."
}
] |
bM2dv57oqLCjNWHckbne
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical view",
"text": "accounts of Harding's life quickly followed his death, such as Joe Mitchell Chapple's Life and Times of Warren G. Harding, Our After-War President (1924)."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral",
"text": "Florence Harding immediately called the doctors into the room, but they were unable to revive the President with stimulants; Warren G. Harding was pronounced dead a few minutes later at the age of 57."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral",
"text": "Warren and Florence Harding rest in the Harding Tomb, which was dedicated in 1931 by President Hoover."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Political setbacks and western tour",
"text": "When asked why, Willis responded, \"Warren seemed so tired."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical view",
"text": "Adams continued to shape the negative view of Harding with several nonfiction works in the 1930s, culminating with The Incredible Era—The Life and Times of Warren G. Harding (1939) in which he called his subject \"an amiable, well-meaning third-rate Mr. Babbitt, with the equipment of a small-town semi-educated journalist ... It could not work."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Childhood and education",
"text": "Warren Harding was born on November 2, 1865, in Blooming Grove, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Inauguration and appointments",
"text": "After Charles G. Dawes declined the Treasury position, Harding asked Pittsburgh banker Andrew W. Mellon, one of the richest people in the country; he agreed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States from 1921 until his death in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1920 | General election campaign",
"text": "Former Treasury Secretary William G. McAdoo was a major contender, but he was Wilson's son-in-law, and refused to consider a nomination so long as the president wanted it."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1920 | Primary campaign",
"text": "He was willing to give up and have Daugherty file his re-election papers for the Senate, but Florence Harding grabbed the phone from his hand, \"Warren Harding, what are you doing?"
}
] |
Warren G. Harding was the 27th president of the U.S.A.
| 0 | 2 |
Warren G. Harding
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics | Human rights",
"text": "Homosexual acts are illegal in Ethiopia."
}
] |
bMEvbyxBrqzSdXvpE1yd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics | Governance",
"text": "The government uses press laws governing libel to intimidate journalists who are critical of its policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2019 a law was passed allowing expatriate Ethiopians to invest in Ethiopia's financial service industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Exports",
"text": "Most regard Ethiopia's large water resources and potential as its \"white oil\" and its coffee resources as \"black gold\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Beta Abraham are regarded as a medieval offshoot of the Beta Israel, having incorporated elements of traditional African religion, and number about 8,000."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Haile Selassie I era (1916–1974) and Italian Ethiopia",
"text": "This oil crisis caused a sharp increase in gasoline prices starting on 13 February 1974; food shortages; uncertainty regarding the succession; border wars; and discontent in the middle class created through modernization."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "Other scholars regard Dʿmt as the result of a union of Afroasiatic-speaking cultures of the Cushitic and Semitic branches; namely, local Agaw peoples and Sabaeans from South Arabia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Haile Selassie I era (1916–1974) and Italian Ethiopia",
"text": "Under the peace treaty of 1947, Italy recognised the sovereignty and independence of Ethiopia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Haile Selassie I era (1916–1974) and Italian Ethiopia",
"text": "Mussolini was able to proclaim Italian Ethiopia and the assumption of the imperial title by the Italian king Vittorio Emanuele"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Haile Selassie I era (1916–1974) and Italian Ethiopia",
"text": "Ethiopia had between two and four million slaves in the early 20th century, out of a total population of about eleven million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Haile Selassie I era (1916–1974) and Italian Ethiopia",
"text": "Haile Selassie played a leading role in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963.Opinion within Ethiopia turned against"
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Human rights",
"text": "Homosexual acts are illegal in Ethiopia."
}
] |
Ethiopia has strict laws regarding gay and lesbian behaviors.
| 2 | 3 |
Ethiopia
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "At 9:00 on the morning of 13 April 1919, the traditional festival of Baisakhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "Apart from pilgrims, Amritsar had filled up over the preceding days with farmers, traders, and merchants attending the annual Baisakhi horse and cattle fair."
}
] |
bMqhf3LzmAqGdZ7128u4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | Demands for apology",
"text": "Writing in The Telegraph, Sankarshan Thakur wrote, \"Over nearly a century now British protagonists have approached the 1919 massacre ground of Jallianwala Bagh thumbing the thesaurus for an appropriate word to pick. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Before the massacre",
"text": "At the meeting, Hans Raj, an aide to Kitchlew, announced a public protest meeting would be held at 18:30 the following day in the Jallianwala Bagh, to be organised by Muhammad Bashir and chaired by a senior and respected Congress Party leader, Lal Kanhyalal Bhatia."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | Controversies",
"text": "Indian journalist Praveen Swami wrote in the Frontline magazine: \"(The fact that)... this was the solitary comment Prince Philip had to offer after his visit to Jallianwala Bagh... (and that) it was the only aspect of the massacre that exercised his imagination, caused offence."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Hunter Commission",
"text": "Initially questioned by Lord Hunter, Dyer stated he had come to know about the meeting at the Jallianwala Bagh at 12:40 hours that day but did not attempt to prevent it."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "In the center of the Bagh was a samadhi (cremation site) and a large well partly filled with water which measured about 20 feet in diameter."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | National Memorial Event in the UK",
"text": "Jallianwala Bagh 100 Years On', where testimonies of survivors were read out from the book 'Eyewitness at Amritsar', there were traditional musical performances, and a minute's silence was held to remember those who had been killed a century earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Many threw themselves down on the ground, the fire was then directed down on the ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "By mid-afternoon, thousands of Indians had gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh (garden) near the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh was surrounded on all sides by houses and buildings and had only five narrow entrances, most kept permanently locked."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Assassination of Michael O'Dwyer",
"text": "Much of the press worldwide recalled the story of Jallianwala Bagh, and alleged O'Dwyer to have been responsible for the massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "At 9:00 on the morning of 13 April 1919, the traditional festival of Baisakhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "Apart from pilgrims, Amritsar had filled up over the preceding days with farmers, traders, and merchants attending the annual Baisakhi horse and cattle fair."
}
] |
The site of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre was also the grounds of a British military exercise that was held that day.
| 0 | 0 |
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
}
] |
bMxSsW1mwOugdoJezwjc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted from debates over slavery in the United States, Manifest Destiny, and the Monroe Doctrine, as slaveholders sought new territory for slavery's expansion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "In the Democratic Party, the debate over the continued expansion of the United States centered on how quickly, rather than whether, to expand."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Even John C. Calhoun, described as a reluctant expansionist who strongly disagreed with intervention on the basis of the Monroe Doctrine, concurred that \"it is indispensable to the safety of the United States that this island should not be in certain hands\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The Manifesto stated that the U.S. would be \"justified in wresting\" Cuba from Spain if the colonial power refused to sell it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The document was sent to Washington in October 1854, outlining why a purchase of Cuba would be beneficial to each of the nations and declaring that the U.S. would be \"justified in wresting\" the island from Spanish hands if Spain refused to sell."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The resulting dispatch, which would come to be known as the Ostend Manifesto, declared that \"Cuba is as necessary to the North American republic as any of its present members, and that it belongs naturally to that great family of states of which the Union is the Providential Nursery\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "In any case, Marcy had also written in June that the administration had abandoned thoughts of declaring war over Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "The Pierce administration",
"text": "Meanwhile, the doctrine of Manifest Destiny had become increasingly sectionalized as the decade progressed."
},
{
"section_header": "The Pierce administration",
"text": "To this end, he appointed expansionists to diplomatic posts throughout Europe, notably sending Pierre Soulé, an outspoken proponent of Cuban annexation, as United States Minister to Spain."
}
] |
Ostend Manifesto described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused, which resulted from debates over slavery in the United States, Manifest Destiny, and the Monroe Doctrine, as slaveholders sought new territory for slavery's expansion.
| 0 | 0 |
Ostend Manifesto
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Upon its flimsy publication—due to the medium of its release—through Scriber's Magazine, it was banned from Boston newsstands due to accusations of a pornographic nature, despite Hemingway's deliberate exclusion of graphic descriptions of sex, using omission as a literary device."
}
] |
bNIj9wpIYIoqHRw9NgHH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms was met with favorable criticism and is considered one of Hemingway's best literary works."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\" The last line of the 1929 New York Times review reads: \"It is a moving and beautiful book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book - I | Book - IV",
"text": "He also meets Count Greffi, a very old nobleman whom Frederic had met on his last visit to Stresa."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "The Hemingway Library Edition was released in July 2012, with a dust jacket facsimile of the first edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Gore Vidal wrote of the text: \"... a work of ambition, in which can be seen the beginning of the careful, artful, immaculate idiocy of tone that since has marked ... [Hemingway's] prose."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"Baker remarks on the theme of 'A Farewell to Arms': \"After ten years of meditation and digestive of his experience, Hemingway lays before his readers a work which is far from a mere war experience, nor a store of love and death during the war.\" However, since publication, A Farewell to Arms has also been the target of various controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Upon its flimsy publication—due to the medium of its release—through Scriber's Magazine, it was banned from Boston newsstands due to accusations of a pornographic nature, despite Hemingway's deliberate exclusion of graphic descriptions of sex, using omission as a literary device."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book - I | Book - II",
"text": "This book portrays the growth of their relationship over the summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is divided into five sections or 'books'."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book - I | Book - II",
"text": "Surgeon Rinaldi visits him in the hospital and praises him for his heroism."
}
] |
This book was not popular when it was released and was met with heavy criticism.
| 2 | 5 |
A Farewell to Arms
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house."
}
] |
bNxZYRgKhu70L1HHwofJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the same year, Adobe acquired LaserTools Corp and Compution Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In October 2018, Adobe officially changed its name from Adobe Systems Incorporated to Adobe Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of \"Canada's Top 100 Employers\" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Illustrator, which grew from the firm's in-house font-development software, helped popularize PostScript-enabled laser printers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "That creek is so named because of the type of clay found there, which alludes to the creative nature of the company's software."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Security",
"text": "Observers noted that Adobe was spying on its customers by including spyware in the Creative Suite 3 software and quietly sending user data to a firm named Omniture."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2010, Adobe bought Day Software integrating their line of CQ Products: WCM, DAM, SOCO, and MobileIn January 2011, Adobe acquired DemDex, Inc. with the intent of adding DemDex's audience-optimization software to its online marketing suite."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At Photoshop World 2011, Adobe unveiled a new mobile photo service."
}
] |
Adobe Inc. got its name from the pueblo houses in New Mexico and is an American multinational computer software company.
| 2 | 5 |
Adobe Inc.
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism was famously and fiercely attacked by John Dennis, who is mentioned mockingly in the work."
}
] |
bOTJOI13ppXhmKzswuPl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744)."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Thomas Rymer, and Jonathan Swift were among other critics: Rymer, who had the strongest critique said, \"till of late years England was as free from critics as it is from wolves... they who are least acquainted with the game are aptest to bark at everything that comes in their way.\"; Swift's statement concentrated on critics who were damned \"as barbarous as a judge who should take up a resolution to hang all men that came before him upon trial.\" Part II of An Essay on Criticism includes a famous couplet: This is in reference to the spring in the Pierian Mountains in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism was famously and fiercely attacked by John Dennis, who is mentioned mockingly in the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "As those move easiest who have learn'd to dance\" (362–363), meaning poets are made, not born."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope contends in the poem's opening couplets that bad criticism does greater harm than bad writing: Despite the harmful effects of bad criticism, literature requires worthy criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Essay also gives this famous line (towards the end of Part II): The phrase \"fools rush in where angels fear to tread\" from Part III (line 625) has become part of the popular lexicon, and has been used for and in various works."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "William Walsh, the last of the critics mentioned, was a mentor and friend of Pope who had died in 1708."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Composed in heroic couplets (pairs of adjacent rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) and written in the Horatian mode of satire, it is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "The poem covers a range of good criticism and advice, and represents many of the chief literary ideals of Pope's age."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Consequently, Dennis also appears in Pope's later satire, The Dunciad."
}
] |
Critics didn't like this particular essay, presumably due to its criticism of critique, and thus criticized it harshly, especially the one critic that was made fun of explicitly in the text.
| 2 | 6 |
Essay on Criticism
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Dean died July 17, 1974, at age 64 in Reno, Nevada, of a heart attack, and was buried in the Bond Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "After leaving sportscasting in the late 1960s, Dean retired with his wife, Patricia, to her hometown of Bond, Mississippi."
}
] |
bQ1EqKnq6WRnglX77mb3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "On October 22, 2007, a rest area on U.S. Route 49 in Wiggins, Mississippi, 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Dean's home in Bond, was named \"Dizzy Dean Rest Area\" after Dean."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "A Dizzy Dean Museum was established at 1152 Lakeland Drive in Jackson, Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Dean's home in Bond was named Deanash, a combination of his name and his wife's maiden name (Nash); it was willed by Dean's wife to the Mississippi Baptist Convention, which operates foster homes for children in a rural setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "At age 37, Dean pitched four innings, allowing no runs, and rapped a single in his only at-bat."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "The United States Congress designated the U.S. Post Office in Wiggins, Mississippi as the \"Jay Hanna 'Dizzy' Dean Post Office\" in 2000 by Public Law 106-236."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "In October 1961, Dean announced that a company with which he was associated as vice-president, Dizzy Dean Enterprises, would construct a $350,000 charcoal briquette plant in Pachuta, Mississippi shortly after the beginning of 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "Nonetheless, Chicago Cubs scout Clarence \"Pants\" Rowland was given the unenviable job of obeying owner P. K. Wrigley's order to buy the washed-up Dizzy Dean's contract at any cost."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "By 1938, Dean's arm was largely gone."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "\" On September 21, Dean pitched no-hit ball for eight innings against the Brooklyn Dodgers, finishing with a three-hit shutout in the first game of a doubleheader, his 27th win of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "After leaving sportscasting in the late 1960s, Dean retired with his wife, Patricia, to her hometown of Bond, Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Dean died July 17, 1974, at age 64 in Reno, Nevada, of a heart attack, and was buried in the Bond Cemetery."
}
] |
Dizzy Dean's grave is in Mississippi.
| 0 | 0 |
Dizzy Dean
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joseph Torre was born July 18, 1940, in Brooklyn, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His siblings include two older brothers, Frank and Rocco, and an older sister, Marguerite."
}
] |
bQXHSdWEBOMXWwXyswez
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | New York Yankees manager (1996–2007)",
"text": "Torre is the only Yankees manager who was born in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joseph Torre was born July 18, 1940, in Brooklyn, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Joe Torre Foundation",
"text": "In 2002, Torre and his wife Ali established the Joe Torre Safe at Home Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Atlanta Braves manager (1982–1984)",
"text": "In Game 1 of the 1982 NLCS against the St. Louis Cardinals, the Braves jumped to a 1–0 lead before the game was rain-delayed after four innings and eventually canceled just three outs short of an official game."
},
{
"section_header": "Joe Torre Foundation",
"text": "Margaret's Place is named after Torre's mother, who was a victim of verbal and physical abuse at the hands of Torre's New York City Police officer father when Torre was a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His siblings include two older brothers, Frank and Rocco, and an older sister, Marguerite."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1996 to 2007, he was the manager of the New York Yankees and guided the team to four World Series championships."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Mets (1975–1977)",
"text": "With the Mets in 1975, Torre became the third player in major league history, and first in the National League, to hit into four double plays in one game."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Mets (1975–1977)",
"text": "In May 1977, the Mets fired manager Joe Frazier and named Torre as their player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | New York Yankees manager (1996–2007) | 1996–2005",
"text": "Still four games behind the first place Red Sox on September 11, starting"
}
] |
Joe Torre was born in New York and has four younger siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe Torre
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe."
}
] |
bQk0mytkC7lCVLZLYILI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1710–1716: Sweden and Northern Germany",
"text": "Charles was then at war with much of Northern Europe, and Stralsund was doomed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace",
"text": "The negotiations were mediated by French diplomats, who sought to prevent a complete collapse of Sweden's position on the southern Baltic coast and assured that Sweden was to retain Wismar and northern Swedish Pomerania."
},
{
"section_header": "1716–1718: Norway",
"text": "This resulted in Great Britain declaring war on Sweden in 1717."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The formal conclusion of the Great Northern War came with the Swedish-Hanoverian and Swedish-Prussian Treaties of Stockholm (1719), the Dano-Swedish Treaty of Frederiksborg (1720), and the Russo-Swedish Treaty of Nystad (1721)."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace",
"text": "Peter the Great, whose forces were spread all around the Baltic Sea, envisioned hegemony in East Central Europe and sought to establish naval bases as far west as Mecklenburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace",
"text": "Therefore, the war was finally concluded by the Treaty of Nystad between Russia and Sweden in Uusikaupunki (Nystad) on 30 August 1721 (OS)."
},
{
"section_header": "1710–1721: Finland",
"text": "The war between Russia and Sweden continued after the disaster of Poltava in 1709, though the shattered Swedish continental army could provide very little help."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing parties | Swedish camp",
"text": "Charles XII refrained from all kinds of luxury and alcohol and usage of the French language, since he considered these things decadent and superfluous."
},
{
"section_header": "1700: Denmark, Riga and Narva",
"text": "After the dissolution of the first coalition through the peace of Travendal and with the victory at Narva; the Swedish chancellor, Benedict Oxenstjerna, attempted to use the bidding for the favour of Sweden by France and the Maritime Powers (then on the eve of the War of the Spanish Succession) to end the war and make Charles an arbiter of Europe."
}
] |
The Great Northern War was a dispute between the Normans and the French for the land of Europe
| 2 | 6 |
Great Northern War
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
}
] |
bROHenRARawSMp0J08Sv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1994: Breakthrough with adult roles",
"text": "To look the part, Reeves shaved all his hair off and spent two months in the gym to gain muscle mass."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1994: Breakthrough with adult roles",
"text": "To prepare for the film, Reeves and his co-stars took surfing lessons with professional surfer Dennis Jarvis in Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father is from Hawaii, and is of Chinese, English, Irish, Native Hawaiian, and Portuguese descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reeves has spent most of his career typecast as the action hero; \"saving the world\" is a recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed, such as the characters of Ted \"Theodore\" Logan, Gautama Buddha, Neo, Johnny Mnemonic, John Constantine, and Klaatu."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Silva alleged that Reeves' Porsche hit and injured him when Reeves was leaving a Los Angeles medical facility."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1994: Breakthrough with adult roles",
"text": "Reeves had never surfed before."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1994: Breakthrough with adult roles",
"text": "Reeves played the bass guitar."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Reeves holds Canadian citizenship by naturalization."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1999–2004: Stardom with The Matrix franchise and comedies",
"text": "Against his wishes, Reeves starred in the thriller"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Business and philanthropy",
"text": "Reeves supports several charities and causes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
}
] |
Reeves spent his childhood in Hawaii.
| 2 | 7 |
Keanu Reeves
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "time—\"the idea is to finish the execution of the punch before the opponent can complete the brain-to-wrist communication."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined his other influences from various sources into the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do (The Way of the Intercepting Fist)."
}
] |
bSLHBGvOtEmF5bf8UNsL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fitness and nutrition",
"text": "Allegorically, as one could not keep a car running on low-octane fuels, one could not sustain one's body with a steady diet of junk food, and with \"the wrong fuel\", one's body would perform sluggishly or sloppily."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "The fight ended due to Lee's \"unusually winded\" condition, as opposed to a decisive blow by either fighter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1971 to 1973: Hong Kong films and Hollywood breakthrough",
"text": "In Way of the Dragon Lee introduced Norris to moviegoers as his opponent, their showdown has been characterized as \"one of the best fight scenes in martial arts and film history\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1940 to 1958: Early Roles, schooling and martial arts initiation",
"text": "Lee's first introduction to martial arts was through his father, from whom he learned the fundamentals of Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "His parents confirmed the police's fear that this time Lee's opponent had an organized crime background and that there was the possibility that a contract was out for his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "Upon's Lee passing in 1973, she continued to promote Bruce Lee's martial art Jeet Kune Do."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined his other influences from various sources into the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do (The Way of the Intercepting Fist)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "Wong claims that although he had originally expected a serious but polite bout, Lee aggressively attacked him with intent to kill."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "Wong denied this, stating that he requested to fight Lee after Lee boasted during one of his demonstrations at a Chinatown theatre that he could beat anyone in San Francisco, and that Wong himself did not discriminate against Whites or other non-Chinese people."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "Lee's mother, Grace Ho, was from one of the wealthiest and most powerful clans in Hong Kong, the Ho-tungs."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "time—\"the idea is to finish the execution of the punch before the opponent can complete the brain-to-wrist communication."
}
] |
Bruce Lee's personal style of martial arts, the "Way of the Intercepting Fist" is predicated on seeing how one's opponent is attacking, and striking them without allowing their blow to be corrected against the counter.
| 3 | 5 |
Bruce Lee
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively."
}
] |
bSS1SyACiz2MhAlhnvpV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "tiger'; 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty (r. 1526–1530) in the Indian subcontinent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "Most territories around his kingdom were ruled by his relatives, who were descendants of either Timur or Genghis Khan, and were constantly in conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "'l-ʿazam wa 'l-ḫāqān al-mukkarram pādshāh-e ġāzī."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the Mughal Empire",
"text": "Until 1524, his aim was to only expand his rule to Punjab, mainly to fulfill the legacy of his ancestor Timur, since it used to be part of his empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the Mughal Empire",
"text": "At the time parts of north India were under the rule of Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty, but the empire was crumbling and there were many defectors."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "For example, F. Lehmann states in the Encyclopædia Iranica: His origin, milieu, training, and culture were steeped in Persian culture and so Babur was largely responsible for the fostering of this culture by his descendants, the Mughals of India, and for the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent, with brilliant literary, artistic, and historiographical results."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a patrilineal descendant of Timur, Babur considered himself a Timurid and Chagatai Turkic."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "It is generally agreed that, as a Timurid, Babur was not only significantly influenced by the Persian culture, but also that his empire gave rise to the expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the Mughal Empire | First battle of Panipat",
"text": "Ibrahim Lodi died during the battle, thus ending the Lodi dynasty."
}
] |
Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire, the first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent, and was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan.
| 0 | 0 |
Babur
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Torque multiplier",
"text": "Torque can be multiplied via three methods: by locating the fulcrum such that the length of a lever is increased; by using a longer lever; or by the use of a speed reducing gearset or gear box."
}
] |
bSblfb30pd6AIUlLsT7C
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Special cases and other facts | Moment arm formula",
"text": "If the force is perpendicular to the displacement vector r, the moment arm will be equal to the distance to the centre, and torque will be a maximum for the given force."
},
{
"section_header": "Torque multiplier",
"text": "Torque can be multiplied via three methods: by locating the fulcrum such that the length of a lever is increased; by using a longer lever; or by the use of a speed reducing gearset or gear box."
},
{
"section_header": "Special cases and other facts | Moment arm formula",
"text": "= ( distance to centre ) ( force ) . {"
},
{
"section_header": "Definition and relation to angular momentum",
"text": "A force applied perpendicularly to a lever multiplied by its distance from the lever's fulcrum (the length of the lever arm) is its torque."
},
{
"section_header": "Defining terminology",
"text": "In the UK and in US mechanical engineering, torque is referred to as moment of force, usually shortened to moment."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship between torque, power, and energy | Derivation",
"text": "If the rotational speed is measured in revolutions per unit of time, the linear speed and distance are increased proportionately by 2π in the above derivation to give: power ="
},
{
"section_header": "Special cases and other facts | Moment arm formula",
"text": "= ( moment arm ) ( force ) . {"
},
{
"section_header": "Special cases and other facts | Moment arm formula",
"text": "The construction of the \"moment arm\" is shown in the figure to the right, along with the vectors r and F mentioned above."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship between torque, power, and energy | Derivation",
"text": "That is: linear distance = radius × angular distance."
},
{
"section_header": "Machine torque",
"text": "One can measure the varying torque output over that range with a dynamometer, and show it as a torque curve."
}
] |
Shortening the distance arm is one method of increasing torque.
| 0 | 0 |
Torque
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its sequel series, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2, ran as a simulcast on MBS and TBS from April 2008 to September 2008."
}
] |
bSe4tIuD0dgWe6182bSU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the sixth annual Tokyo Anime Awards held at the 2007 Tokyo International Anime Fair, Code Geass won the best anime television series award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its sequel series, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2, ran as a simulcast on MBS and TBS from April 2008 to September 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Home video sales",
"text": "Reportedly, Bandai Visual shipped over one million DVD and Blu-ray Discs related to the Code Geass franchise by November 2008, placing it among the most popular contemporary anime series in both Japan and North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In noted Japanese anime magazine Animage's 29th Annual Anime Grand Prix, Code Geass won the most popular series award, with Lelouch Lamperouge also being chosen as the most popular male character and \"Colors\" being chosen as the most popular song."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (Japanese: コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ,"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "With the ruins of Japan as a background, Lelouch vows to his Japanese friend Suzaku Kururugi that he will one day obliterate Britannia as an act of vengeance against his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Carl Kimlinger also finds that the series \"has the skill and energy to carry viewers over the top with it, where they can spend a pleasurable few hours reveling in its melodramatic charms.\" He also adds that Taniguchi \"executes the excesses of his series with care, skillfully intercutting events as Lelouch's plans come together (or fall apart) and using kinetic mecha"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "This was the first time Clamp had ever been requested to design the characters of an anime series."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They had wanted to create a \"hit show,\" a series which would appeal to \"everyone.\" Lelouch's alter ego, Zero, was one of the earliest developed characters, with Ōkouchi having wanted a mask to be included as a part of the series, feeling it was necessary for it to be a Sunrise show, and Clamp wanting a unique design never prior seen in any Sunrise series ("
}
] |
Code Geass is a Japanese anime series that had a sequel series appear on an major American television network for a few months.
| 1 | 1 |
Code Geass
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel ends with the death of (retired) Archbishop Latour in Santa Fe: Vaillant has pre-deceased Latour as the first Bishop of Colorado after the Colorado gold rush (in reality Machebeuf was the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Denver)."
}
] |
bShT39YsKqM0K20vDINV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death Comes for the Archbishop"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel ends with the death of (retired) Archbishop Latour in Santa Fe: Vaillant has pre-deceased Latour as the first Bishop of Colorado after the Colorado gold rush (in reality Machebeuf was the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Denver)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was included in Life Magazine's list of the 100 outstanding books of 1924-1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Vaillant, described as being ugly but purpose-filled, is given the nickname \"Blanchet\" (\"Whitey\") as well as \"Trompe-la-morte\" (\"Death-cheater\") for his complexion and his numerous instances of bad health, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Father Martinez at Taos is removed for denying the necessity of priestly celibacy (and having children, although he is also described as starting a revolt and then profiting from the executions of the rebels to seize their property) and his friend Father Lucero at Arroyo Hondo (described as a miser) is also removed when he joins Father Martinez's new church (Martinez dies an apostate while Lucero receives absolution from Vaillant after repenting near death)."
}
] |
Death Comes for the Archbishop is a book.
| 1 | 3 |
Death Comes for the Archbishop
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cyrus has been featured as a coach on the singing competition television series The Voice; she has appeared in two seasons of the show since her debut in 2016."
}
] |
bSxo0xP70IkQI7S3JDb0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cyrus has been featured as a coach on the singing competition television series The Voice; she has appeared in two seasons of the show since her debut in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2016–2017: The Voice and Younger Now",
"text": "In March, it was announced that Cyrus had signed on as a coach for the eleventh season of The Voice as a replacement for Gwen Stefani; Cyrus is the youngest judge to appear in any incarnation of the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2016–2017: The Voice and Younger Now",
"text": "Cyrus also returned as a coach in the thirteenth season of The Voice after taking a one-season hiatus."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2012: Can't Be Tamed and focus on acting",
"text": "She later made an appearance on the MTV series Punk'd, appearing with Kelly Osbourne and Khloé Kardashian."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2012: Can't Be Tamed and focus on acting",
"text": "She went on to appear as Missi in two episodes of the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Cyrus's debut acting role was portraying a girl named Kylie in her father's television series Doc."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "In 2001, when Cyrus was eight, she and her family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada while her father filmed the television series Doc."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "She also appeared with Justin Bieber and Pitbull in a television special entitled The Real Change Project: Artists for Education."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She became a teen idol as the title character of the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana (2006–2011), through which media franchise she attained two number-one and three top-ten soundtracks on the US Billboard 200, and the top-ten single"
}
] |
Miley Cyrus has appeared as a coach in two seasons of the television series "The Voice".
| 2 | 6 |
Miley Cyrus
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948, the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the 12 U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg trials."
}
] |
bTc9rhOcV716odxHvEzG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population, the Holocaust, and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg was released in American theatres on December 19, 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg was acknowledged as the tenth best film in the courtroom drama genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948, the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the 12 U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg centers on a military tribunal convened in Nuremberg, Germany, in which four German judges and prosecutors stand accused of crimes against humanity for their involvement in atrocities committed under the Nazi regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2013, Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer, written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Janning affirms to Haywood that, \"By all that is right in this world, your verdict was a just one,\" but asks him to believe that, regarding the mass murder of innocents, \"I never knew that it would come to that.\" Judge Haywood replies, \"Herr Janning, it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.\" Haywood departs; a title card informs the audience that, of 99 defendants sentenced to prison terms in Nuremberg trials that took place in the American Zone, none was still serving a sentence when the film was released in 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Kramer's film received positive reviews from critics, and was lauded as a straight reconstruction of the famous trials of Nazi war criminals."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "In this fictionalized case, based on the real life Katzenberger Trial, an elderly Jewish man had been tried for having a \"relationship\" (sexual acts) with an Aryan (German) 16-year-old girl, an act that had been legally defined as a crime under the Nuremberg Laws, which had been enacted by the German Reichstag."
}
] |
The Judgment at Nuremberg is the documentary movie of the trials at Nuremberg after World War 2.
| 0 | 0 |
Judgment at Nuremberg
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early Period",
"text": "The early history of the Hittite kingdom is known through tablets that may first have been written in the 17th century BC, possibly in Hittite; but survived only as Akkadian copies made in the 14th and 13th centuries BC."
}
] |
bU8NNtdeGvSa5CqHYCKV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Archaeological discovery | Writings",
"text": "Archaeological expeditions to Hattusa have discovered entire sets of royal archives on cuneiform tablets, written either in Akkadian, the diplomatic language of the time, or in the various dialects of the Hittite confederation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early Period",
"text": "The early history of the Hittite kingdom is known through tablets that may first have been written in the 17th century BC, possibly in Hittite; but survived only as Akkadian copies made in the 14th and 13th centuries BC."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Syro-Hittite states",
"text": "The Phrygians had apparently overrun Cappadocia from the West, with recently discovered epigraphic evidence confirming their origins as the Balkan \"Bryges\" tribe, forced out by the Macedonians."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Syro-Hittite states",
"text": "Known as Greek Tibarenoi (Ancient Greek: Τιβαρηνοί), Latin Tibareni, Thobeles in Josephus, their language may have been Luwian, testified to by monuments written using Anatolian hieroglyphs."
},
{
"section_header": "Archaeological discovery | Initial discoveries",
"text": "The script on a monument at Boğazkale by a \"People of Hattusas\" discovered by William Wright in 1884 was found to match peculiar hieroglyphic scripts from Aleppo and Hama in Northern Syria."
},
{
"section_header": "Law | Examples of laws",
"text": "Not all laws prescribed in the tablets deal with criminal punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Archaeological discovery | Initial discoveries",
"text": "Some names in the tablets were neither Hattic nor Assyrian, but clearly Indo-European."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early Period",
"text": "BC.One set of tablets, known collectively as the Anitta text,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hittites () (Ancient Greek: Χετταίοι, Latin Hetthaei) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Law | Use of laws",
"text": "The laws carved in the tablets are an assembly of established social conventions from across the empire."
}
] |
The ancient Hitties' past was discovered through tablets.
| 2 | 4 |
Hittites
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt is fluent in French and maintains a home outside Paris."
}
] |
bUDF0Tod0iD9rnxShfJp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William McChord Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his classmates there were Christopher Reeve and Robin Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt also starred in Tuck Everlasting as Angus Tuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt is a private pilot and owner of a Beechcraft Bonanza."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hurt was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Claire Isabel (née McGill), who worked at Time Inc., and Alfred McChord Hurt, who worked for the State Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt is fluent in French and maintains a home outside Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt and Jennings remained officially unmarried and later separated."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt began his career in stage productions, only later acting in films."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jennings became pregnant in the spring of 1982, which precipitated Hurt's divorce from Mary Beth Hurt, after which Hurt and Jennings relocated to South Carolina, a state that recognized common-law marriages."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Henry Luce III.Hurt was married to Mary Beth Hurt from 1971 to 1982."
}
] |
William Hurt has native level proficiency in Spanish.
| 0 | 0 |
William Hurt
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Society | Health",
"text": "80% of the population had access to improved sanitation facilities in 2015.North Korea has the highest number of doctors per capita amongst low-income countries, with 3.7 physicians per 1,000 people, a figure which is also significantly higher than that of South Korea, according to WHO's data."
}
] |
bUeZD3yw868R5RwoskL8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war developments",
"text": "Until the 1960s, economic growth was higher than in South Korea, and North Korean GDP per capita was equal to that of its southern neighbor as late as 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Society | Health",
"text": "80% of the population had access to improved sanitation facilities in 2015.North Korea has the highest number of doctors per capita amongst low-income countries, with 3.7 physicians per 1,000 people, a figure which is also significantly higher than that of South Korea, according to WHO's data."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2012, Gross national income per capita was $1,523, compared to $28,430 in South Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The major slowdown of the economy contrasted with South Korea, which surpassed the North in terms of absolute GDP and per capita income by the 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Society | Health",
"text": "According to WHO, expenditure on health per capita is one of the lowest in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP is estimated at $40 billion, with a very low per capita value of $1,800."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Korean War",
"text": "In both per capita and absolute terms, North Korea was the country most devastated by the war, which resulted in the death of an estimated 12–15% of the North Korean population (c. 10 million), \"a figure close to or surpassing the proportion of Soviet citizens killed in World War II,\" according to Charles K. Armstrong."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Kaesong Industrial Region is a special economic zone where more than 100 South Korean companies employ some 52,000 North Korean workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "All of the Korean Peninsula's mountains with elevations of 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) or more are located in North Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Inter-Korean relations",
"text": "However, relations remained cool well until the early 1990s, with a brief period in the early 1980s when North Korea offered to provide flood relief to its southern neighbor."
}
] |
North Korea has more doctors per capita than it's neighbor to the south.
| 3 | 5 |
North Korea
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was an enormous success at the box office; it became the top-grossing film in America released that year and earned over US$677 million worldwide during its theatrical run, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1994, behind The Lion King."
}
] |
bUfvn0oe9Ovndr4jzX87
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "The film took 66 days to surpass $250 million and was the fastest grossing Paramount film to pass $100 million, $200 million, and $300 million in box office receipts (at the time of its release)."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Political interpretations",
"text": "Jennifer Hyland Wang observes that the film idealizes the 1950s, as made evident by the lack of \"whites"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Varying interpretations have been made of the protagonist and the film's political symbolism."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Political interpretations",
"text": "\"Professor James Burton at Salisbury University argues that conservatives claimed Forrest Gump as their own due less to the content of the film and more to the historical and cultural context of 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The soundtrack sold over 12 million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 78.5 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "The film remained in theaters for 42 weeks, earning $329.7 million in the United States and Canada, making it the fourth-highest-grossing film at that time (behind only E.T."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Script",
"text": "Gump's core character and personality are also changed from the novel; among other things his film character is less of a savant—in the novel, while playing football at the university, he fails craft and gym, but receives a perfect score in an advanced physics class he is enrolled in by his coach to satisfy his college requirements."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Feather",
"text": "Sarah Lyall of The New York Times noted several suggestions made about the feather: \"Does the white feather symbolize the unbearable lightness of being?"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The soundtrack went on to sell twelve million copies, and is one of the top selling albums in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was an enormous success at the box office; it became the top-grossing film in America released that year and earned over US$677 million worldwide during its theatrical run, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1994, behind The Lion King."
}
] |
The film made less than 500 million dollars.
| 0 | 0 |
Forrest Gump
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Boca Raton, Florida, Grande began her career in the 2008 Broadway musical 13."
}
] |
bUly4feuaMTAJmVNewkk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Sweetener and Thank U, Next",
"text": "The following month, the BBC aired a one-hour special, Ariana Grande at the BBC, featuring interviews and performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "\"Mark Savage commented in BBC News: \"Ariana Grande is one of pop's most intriguing and gifted singers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Boca Raton, Florida, Grande began her career in the 2008 Broadway musical 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1993–2008: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Ariana Grande-Butera was born on June 26, 1993, in Boca Raton, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1993–2008: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "\" In 2008, Grande was cast in the supporting role of cheerleader Charlotte in the musical 13 on Broadway, for which she won a National Youth Theatre Association Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Endorsements",
"text": "She launched her debut fragrance, Ari by Ariana Grande, in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Sweetener and Thank U, Next",
"text": "Later the same month, Grande released, in collaboration with YouTube, a four-part docuseries titled Ariana Grande: Dangerous Woman Diaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy and activism",
"text": "In 2009, as a member of the charitable organization Broadway in South Africa, Grande and her brother Frankie performed and taught music and dance to children in Gugulethu, South Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ariana Grande-Butera (; born June 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Sweetener and Thank U, Next",
"text": "The song debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Grande's fourth number one single and helping Grande break the record for the most number one debuts on that chart."
}
] |
Ariana Grande started her career on broadway.
| 1 | 3 |
Ariana Grande
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While his family didn't have much money, he said that he never felt poor because, \"If you don't have something, you don't miss it.\" Brock grew up as a fan of the Brooklyn Dodgers, the team that included Jackie Robinson, Don Newcombe and Roy Campanella."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After attending high school in Mer Rouge, Louisiana, he received academic assistance to attend Southern University in Baton Rouge, but when a low grade in his first semester meant the possibility of losing his scholarship, he decided to try out for the school's baseball team in order to secure an athletic scholarship."
}
] |
bVSJOIBGEAqGqJFQ8K1e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brock was born in El Dorado, Arkansas, to a family of sharecroppers."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards, honors and life after baseball",
"text": "In 1977 he was awarded the Lou Gehrig Memorial Award as the player who best exemplified Lou Gehrig's ability and character."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While his family didn't have much money, he said that he never felt poor because, \"If you don't have something, you don't miss it.\" Brock grew up as a fan of the Brooklyn Dodgers, the team that included Jackie Robinson, Don Newcombe and Roy Campanella."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards, honors and life after baseball",
"text": "In 1978, the National League announced that its annual stolen base leader would receive the Lou Brock Award, making Brock the first active player to have an award named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After attending high school in Mer Rouge, Louisiana, he received academic assistance to attend Southern University in Baton Rouge, but when a low grade in his first semester meant the possibility of losing his scholarship, he decided to try out for the school's baseball team in order to secure an athletic scholarship."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards, honors and life after baseball",
"text": "Brock is the father of former University of Southern California Trojan and National Football League player Lou Brock Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis Clark Brock (born June 18, 1939) is an American former professional baseball outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His family moved to Collinston, Louisiana, when he was two years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Stolen base records",
"text": "He used an 8 mm movie camera from the dugout to film opposing pitchers and study their windups and pickoff moves to detect weaknesses he could exploit."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards, honors and life after baseball",
"text": "Brock received numerous awards during his playing career."
}
] |
Lou Brock was born into a poor family and used an athletic award to pay for school.
| 1 | 8 |
Lou Brock
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Pearson was a member of the Aurora Rugby team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Lester grew up in Aurora and attended the public school on Church Street."
}
] |
bVmJ7djLTNXAn0B4r0RY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Educational and academic institutions",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson High School lists five so-named schools, in Burlington, Calgary, Montreal, Ottawa, and Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education | Sporting interests",
"text": "He played golf and tennis to high standards as an adult."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Order of Canada Citation",
"text": "His citation reads: Former Prime Minister of Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lester Bowles Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier, prime minister, and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Educational and academic institutions",
"text": "The Lester B. Pearson School Board is the largest English-language school board in Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister (1963–1968)",
"text": "On 15 January 1964, Pearson became the first Canadian Prime Minister to make an official state visit to France."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Educational and academic institutions",
"text": "The majority of the schools of the Lester B. Pearson School Board are located on the western half of the island of Montreal, while a few of its schools located off the island."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Lester grew up in Aurora and attended the public school on Church Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister (1963–1968)",
"text": "Pearson himself had hoped that he would be the last unilingual Prime Minister of Canada and fluency in both English and French became an unofficial requirement for candidates for Prime Minister after Pearson left office."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards",
"text": "In a survey by Canadian historians of the Canadian prime ministers who served after World War II, Pearson was ranked first \"by a landslide\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Pearson was a member of the Aurora Rugby team."
}
] |
Former Canadian prime minister Lester Bowles Pearson played football in high school.
| 0 | 0 |
Lester B. Pearson
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political positions | Same-sex marriage",
"text": "... I believe Jesus would approve gay marriage, but that's just my own personal belief."
}
] |
bVyWRGBI5eyXsawxcnqg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political positions | Abortion",
"text": ", Carter expressed his current view of abortion and his wish to see the Democratic Party becoming more pro-life: I never have believed that Jesus Christ would approve of abortions and that was one of the problems I had when I was president having to uphold Roe v. Wade"
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of Georgia (1971–1975)",
"text": "He replied, \"I've never really thought we needed a lieutenant governor in Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Public opinion",
"text": "Carter began his term with a 66 percent approval rating, which had dropped to 34 percent approval by the time he left office, with 55 percent disapproving."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Public opinion",
"text": "The Independent wrote, \"Carter is widely considered a better man than he was a president.\" His presidential approval rating was just 31 percent immediately before the 1980 election, but 64 percent approved of his performance as president in a 2009 poll."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Honors and awards",
"text": "His presidential library, Jimmy Carter Library and Museum was opened in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Education",
"text": "Young Jimmy was a diligent student with a fondness for reading."
},
{
"section_header": "Political positions | Same-sex marriage",
"text": "... I believe Jesus would approve gay marriage, but that's just my own personal belief."
},
{
"section_header": "Farming",
"text": "Earl Carter died a relatively wealthy man, having recently been elected to the Georgia House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "Amy's nanny for most of the period from 1971 until Jimmy Carter's presidency ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1977–1981) | Domestic policy | Education",
"text": "Carter was complimentary of the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson and the 89th United States Congress for having initiated Head Start."
}
] |
Jimmy Carter thought that Christ would have approved of homosexual matrimony.
| 4 | 5 |
Jimmy Carter
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship",
"text": "Several \"group theories\" have also been proposed."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others at some point, and critics agree that Shakespeare did the same, mostly early and late in his career."
}
] |
bW1ax0KOEKRdhTWEq9F1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "That Ends Well and a number of his best known tragedies."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Sexuality",
"text": "Others read the same passages as the expression of intense friendship rather than romantic love."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "Some scholars see the bequest as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that the second-best bed would have been the matrimonial bed and therefore rich in significance."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others at some point, and critics agree that Shakespeare did the same, mostly early and late in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeare's Catholicism, Protestantism, or lack of belief in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | London and theatrical career",
"text": "It is not known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions and records of performances show that several of his plays were on the London stage by 1592."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | London and theatrical career",
"text": "As used here, Johannes Factotum (\"Jack of all trades\") refers to a second-rate tinkerer with the work of others, rather than the more common \"universal"
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Classification of the plays",
"text": "Two plays not included in the First Folio, The Two Noble Kinsmen and Pericles, Prince of Tyre, are now accepted as part of the canon, with today's scholars agreeing that Shakespeare made major contributions to the writing of both."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare may have been employed as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain \"William Shakeshafte\" in his will."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship",
"text": "Several \"group theories\" have also been proposed."
}
] |
Some scholars belief William Shakespeare took credit for other authors' writings and ideas, or that some of his most well known plays were a group efforts with other writers.
| 1 | 1 |
William Shakespeare
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By the 1820s, Tammany Hall was accepting Irish immigrants as members of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s."
}
] |
bWO0PcZTMfc6eM93gSNC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "Tammany Hall also served as a social integrator for immigrants by familiarizing them with American society and its political institutions and by helping them become naturalized citizens."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "At first, in the latter 1810s, immigrants were not allowed membership in Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By the 1820s, Tammany Hall was accepting Irish immigrants as members of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "In exchange for all these benefits, immigrants assured Tammany Hall they would vote for their candidates."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "Since the newly arrived immigrants were in deep poverty, Tammany Hall provided them with employment, shelter, and even citizenship sometimes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "Tammany Hall took full advantage of the surplus in Irish immigrants to create a healthy relationship to gather more votes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "However, after protests by Irish militants in 1817, and the invasion of several of their offices, Tammany Hall realized the potential influence Irish immigrants would have in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By 1854, the support which Tammany Hall received from immigrants would firmly establish the organization as the leader of New York City's political scene."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By 1855, 34 percent of New York City's voter population was composed of Irish immigrants, and many Irish men came to dominate Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "The Society pocketed the money and the monument was never built."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s."
}
] |
Tammany Hall never helped immigrants.
| 2 | 6 |
Tammany Hall
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Although Fillmore has become something of a cult figure as America's most forgettable chief executive, Smith found him to be \"a conscientious president\" who chose to honor his oath of office and enforce the Fugitive Slave Act, rather than govern based on his personal preferences."
}
] |
bWZa43gtFr29pu7BIcnN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Millard Fillmore (Kindle ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His parents were Phoebe Millard and Nathaniel Fillmore"
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Finkelman, Paul (2011). Millard Fillmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "The Unknown President: The Administration of Millard Fillmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "At the university he helped found, now University at Buffalo, Millard Fillmore Academic Center and Millard Fillmore College bear his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Succession amid crisis",
"text": "Fillmore signed the bills as they reached his desk, holding the Fugitive Slave Bill for two days until he received a favorable opinion as to its constitutionality from the new Attorney General, John J. Crittenden."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Millard Fillmore: Biography of a President (Kindle ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Defeated in bids for the Whig nomination for vice president in 1844, and for New York governor the same year, Fillmore was elected Comptroller of New York in 1847, the first to hold that post by direct election."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Succession amid crisis",
"text": "The cabinet officers, as was customary when a new president took over, submitted their resignations, expecting Fillmore to refuse, allowing them to continue in office."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Anbinder, Tyler (February 2000). \" Fillmore, Millard\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Although Fillmore has become something of a cult figure as America's most forgettable chief executive, Smith found him to be \"a conscientious president\" who chose to honor his oath of office and enforce the Fugitive Slave Act, rather than govern based on his personal preferences."
}
] |
Millard Fillmore is the least memorable guy to hold the Oval Office.
| 0 | 3 |
Millard Fillmore
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Walter Johnson was the second of six children (Effie, Leslie, Earl, Blanche) born to Frank Edwin Johnson (1861–1921) and Minnie Olive Perry (1867–1967) on a rural farm four miles west of Humboldt, Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson's record includes 110 shutouts, the most in baseball history."
}
] |
bWpfL4EUJikbB1axDlyq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson holds the record for most three-pitch innings by any major league pitcher with four."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1936, Johnson was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its \"first five\" inaugural members."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Walter Johnson baseball field in Humboldt, Kansas. Walter Johnson Road in Germantown, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A large recreation park (Walter Johnson Park) is named after him in Coffeyville, Kansas, where he maintained a part-time residence for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson was the first American League pitcher to strike out four batters in one inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson's record includes 110 shutouts, the most in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon after he reached his fourteenth birthday, his family moved to California's Orange County in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A small high school baseball league in Kansas is named the Walter Johnson League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later served as manager of the Senators from 1929 through 1932 and of the Cleveland Indians from 1933 through 1935.Often thought of as one of the greatest pitchers in baseball history, Johnson established several pitching records, some of which remain unbroken nine decades after he retired from baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame",
"text": "Johnson was one of the first five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Walter Johnson was the second of six children (Effie, Leslie, Earl, Blanche) born to Frank Edwin Johnson (1861–1921) and Minnie Olive Perry (1867–1967) on a rural farm four miles west of Humboldt, Kansas."
}
] |
Walter Johnson was one of eight family members living in Kansas and moving to California, holding several baseball records, including shut outs.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Johnson
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Although Mr. Fulton loved his work and research, it eventually led to his premature death, as he acquired an unknown disease during one of his surgeries in 1888."
}
] |
bX3F3jfCuudtP31qjSp1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Due to his illness the family moved back to Norwich, New York to the farm of Ruth's maternal grandparents, the Shattucks."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Her mother worked in the city as a school teacher, while her father was a homeopathic doctor and surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "When she was four years old her grandmother took her to see an infant that had recently died."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "A year later he died, ten days after returning from a trip to Trinidad to search for a cure."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Although Mr. Fulton loved his work and research, it eventually led to his premature death, as he acquired an unknown disease during one of his surgeries in 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Education and early career",
"text": "She developed a close friendship with Boas, who took on a role as a kind of father figure in her life – Benedict lovingly referred to him as \"Papa Franz\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Because of this, the psychological effects on her childhood were profound, for \"in one stroke she [Ruth] experienced the loss of the two most nourishing and protective people around her—the loss of her father at death and her mother to grief\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Relationship with Margaret Mead",
"text": "After Benedict died of a heart attack in 1948, Mead kept the legacy of Benedict's work going by supervising projects that Benedict would have looked after, and editing and publishing notes from studies that Benedict had collected throughout her life."
}
] |
Ruth Benedict's father died in 1890 due to a disease.
| 0 | 5 |
Ruth Benedict
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story marks the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, who would become the most famous detective duo in popular fiction."
}
] |
bXjpwYNsGvRBHDBloMeg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet was the first work of detective fiction to incorporate the magnifying glass as an investigative tool."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "As the first Sherlock Holmes story published, A Study in Scarlet was among the first to be adapted to the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story marks the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, who would become the most famous detective duo in popular fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The story was more closely adapted in the season 4 episode, \"A Study in Charlotte.\" \"The First Adventure\", the first episode of the 2014 NHK puppetry series Sherlock Holmes, is loosely based on A Study in Scarlet and \"The Adventure of the Six Napoleons\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is one of the stories missing from the adaptations made starring Jeremy Brett between 1984 and 1994.Steven Moffat loosely adapted A Study in Scarlet into \"A Study in Pink\" as the first episode of the 2010 BBC television series Sherlock featuring Benedict Cumberbatch as a 21st-century Sherlock Holmes, and Martin Freeman as Dr. Watson."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet was adapted as the first two episodes of the BBC's complete Sherlock Holmes 1989–1998 radio series."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "It is also a lost film. The 1933 film entitled A Study in Scarlet, starring Reginald Owen as Sherlock Holmes and Anna May Wong as Mrs Pyke, bears no plot relation to the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although Conan Doyle wrote 56 short stories featuring Holmes, A Study in Scarlet is one of only four full-length novels in the original canon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is an 1887 detective novel written by Arthur Conan Doyle."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other media",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet was illustrated by Seymour Moskowitz for Classics Illustrated comics in 1953."
}
] |
A Study in Scarlet is the first piece of fiction that incorporates the story of Sherlock and Watson.
| 0 | 0 |
A Study in Scarlet
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nature of a material is not the only factor in resistance and conductance, however; it also depends on the size and shape of an object because these properties are extensive rather than intensive."
}
] |
bYEKLbyOHEqxZRyTM6SB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In electronics and electromagnetism, the electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The resistance of an object depends in large part on the material it is made of."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Objects made of electrical insulators like rubber tend to have very high resistance and low conductivity, while objects made of electrical conductors like metals tend to have very low resistance and high conductivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All objects resist electrical current, except for superconductors, which have a resistance of zero."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to resistivity and conductivity",
"text": "The resistance of a given object depends primarily on two factors: What material it is made of, and its shape."
},
{
"section_header": "Ohm's law",
"text": "Therefore, the resistance and conductance of objects or electronic components made of these materials is constant."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to resistivity and conductivity",
"text": "Resistivity is a measure of the material's ability to oppose electric current."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "Resistors (and other elements with resistance) oppose the flow of electric current; therefore, electrical energy is required to push current through the resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "} For a wide variety of materials and conditions, V and I are directly proportional to each other, and therefore R and G are constants (although they will depend on the size and shape of the object, the material it is made of, and other factors like temperature or strain)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nature of a material is not the only factor in resistance and conductance, however; it also depends on the size and shape of an object because these properties are extensive rather than intensive."
}
] |
Electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current and it only depends on the material the object is made out of.
| 0 | 0 |
Electrical resistance
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Referred to as the \"Princess of Pop\", Spears was credited as one of the \"driving force[s] behind the return of teen pop in the late 1990s\"."
}
] |
bYkEoF0nBQkoszMRtrB4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spears is credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s, for which she is referred to as the \"Princess of Pop\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "In 2016, Sabrina Weiss of Refinery29 referred to her lip-syncing as a \"well-known fact that's not even taboo anymore."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Referred to as the \"Princess of Pop\", Spears was credited as one of the \"driving force[s] behind the return of teen pop in the late 1990s\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "The American Family Association (AFA) referred to the shoot as \"a disturbing mix of childhood innocence and adult sexuality\" and called on \"God-loving Americans to boycott stores selling Britney's albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following a series of heavily publicized personal struggles and erratic public behavior beginning in 2006, Spears's career was interrupted, before the release of her fifth studio album Blackout (2007), which is often critically referred to as her best work."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style",
"text": "More Time, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic referred to her music as a \"blend of infectious, rap-inflected dance-pop and smooth balladry.\" Oops!... I Did It Again saw Spears working with several contemporary R&B producers, which led to \"a combination of bubblegum, urban soul, and raga."
}
] |
Britney is referred to as the "Princess of Pop".
| 2 | 3 |
Britney Spears
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nolan Ryan resides in the Cimarron Hills community in Georgetown, Texas."
}
] |
bZENPv7i0C44jBicwDEO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "Ryan stated afterwards it was the same maneuver he used on steers he had to brand on his Texas ranch."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan's family lived in nearby Woodsboro, Texas in Refugio County, until they moved to Alvin, Texas in Brazoria County, when Nolan was six weeks old."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nolan Ryan resides in the Cimarron Hills community in Georgetown, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Nolan Ryan Foundation is a Texas nonprofit that supports youth, education and community development and is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Alvin Independent School District opened Nolan Ryan Junior High School, located at 11500 Shadow Creek Parkway (FM 2234) in Pearland, Texas, just a few hundred yards away from the Nolan Ryan Expressway."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"In \"In 1995 the Texas State Legislature declared State Highway 288, which passes near Alvin, as the Nolan Ryan Expressway."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "Ryan briefly attempted to pitch past the injury, and he threw one additional pitch after tearing his ligament."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The numismatic community subsequently referred to the coin as the \"Nolan Ryan dollar."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Houston Astros (1980–1988)",
"text": "He returned in Game 5, throwing 9 innings of 2-hit, 1-run, 12-strikeout ball, but one of those hits was a Darryl Strawberry home run which tied the game at 1, as Dwight Gooden matched Ryan pitch for pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan also ranks high on the list for four \"negative\" records; he ranks first all-time in walks allowed (2,795), first in wild pitches (277), third in losses (292—most in the post-1920 live-ball era), and ninth in hit batters (158)."
}
] |
Nolan Ryan lives in Crawford, Texas on his ranch and sells the meat from his cattle.
| 0 | 4 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Generalized",
"text": "To distinguish it from generalized momentum, the product of mass and velocity is also referred to as mechanical, kinetic or kinematic momentum."
}
] |
bZkD379H8W7XsuqIdQuS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "Another, commonly used reference frame, is the center of mass frame – one that is moving with the center of mass."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "From the point of view of another frame of reference, moving at a uniform speed u, the position (represented by a primed coordinate) changes with time as"
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "Thus, momentum is conserved in both reference frames."
},
{
"section_header": "Relativistic | Lorentz invariance",
"text": "It also results in a prediction that the speed of light can vary from one reference frame to another."
},
{
"section_header": "Generalized",
"text": "To distinguish it from generalized momentum, the product of mass and velocity is also referred to as mechanical, kinetic or kinematic momentum."
},
{
"section_header": "Relativistic | Lorentz invariance",
"text": "Consider, for example, one reference frame moving relative to another at velocity v in the x direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Objects of variable mass",
"text": "This equation is derived by keeping track of both the momentum of the object as well as the momentum of the ejected/accreted mass (dm)."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Objects of variable mass",
"text": "When considered together, the object and the mass (dm) constitute a closed system in which total momentum is conserved."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "A change of reference frame, can, often, simplify calculations of motion."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Application to collisions",
"text": "Another property of the motion, kinetic energy, must be known."
}
] |
Momentum is another way to refer to mass.
| 0 | 2 |
Momentum
|
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