category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
}
] |
cCKGsoPD0mixGUBqc5zG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military service | Korean War",
"text": "Williams stayed on K-13 for several days while his plane was being repaired."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Williams served as a Naval Aviator during World War II and the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Unlike many other major league players, he did not spend all of his war-time playing on service teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | Korean War",
"text": "He had not flown any aircraft for eight years but he turned down all offers to sit out the war in comfort as a member of a service baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | Korean War",
"text": "During the Korean War, Williams also served in the same Marine Corps unit with John Glenn; the future astronaut described Williams as one of the best pilots he knew, while his wife Annie described him as the most profane man she ever met."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | Korean War",
"text": "On May 1, 1952, 14 months after his promotion to captain in the Marine Corps Reserve, Williams was recalled to active duty for service in the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Williams had been classified 3-A by Selective Service prior to the war, a dependency deferment because he was his mother's sole means of financial support."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Williams was required to interrupt his baseball career in 1943 to serve three years in the United States Navy and Marine Corps during World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | Korean War",
"text": "Williams likely would have exceeded 600 career home runs if he had not served in the military, and may have even approached Babe Ruth's then record of 714."
}
] |
Ted Williams's career has been interrupted due to military service during several wars.
| 2 | 4 |
Ted Williams
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Evacuation of the Qing imperial court from Beijing to Xi'an",
"text": "In the early hours of 15 August, just as the Foreign Legations were being relieved, Empress Dowager Cixi, dressed in the padded blue cotton of a farm woman, the Guangxu Emperor, and a small retinue climbed into three wooden ox carts and escaped from the city covered with rough blankets."
}
] |
cCKgMJVkwulkmJP2X1j4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later representations",
"text": "The Last Empress (Boston, 2007), by Anchee Min, describes the long reign of the Empress Dowager Cixi in which the siege of the legations is one of the climactic events in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Officials and commanders at cross purposes",
"text": "\" Xu and five other officials urged Empress Dowager Cixi to order the repression of Boxers, the execution of their leaders, and a diplomatic settlement with foreign armies."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Evacuation of the Qing imperial court from Beijing to Xi'an",
"text": "The foreigners had no orders to pursue the Empress Dowager, so they decided to stay put."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminology",
"text": "On 6 June 1900 the Times of London used the term \"rebellion\" in quotation marks, presumably to indicate their view that the rising was in fact instigated by Empress Dowager Cixi."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Siege of the Beijing legations",
"text": "On 21 June, Empress Dowager Cixi declared war against all foreign powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences",
"text": "Besides the compensation, Empress Dowager Cixi reluctantly started some reforms despite her previous views."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reparations",
"text": "Empress Dowager Cixi intervened when the Alliance demanded him executed and Dong was only cashiered and sent back home."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Siege of the Beijing legations",
"text": "On receipt of the news of the attack on the Dagu Forts on 19 June, Empress Dowager Cixi immediately sent an order to the legations that the diplomats and other foreigners depart Beijing under escort of the Chinese army within 24 hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Evacuation of the Qing imperial court from Beijing to Xi'an",
"text": "In the early hours of 15 August, just as the Foreign Legations were being relieved, Empress Dowager Cixi, dressed in the padded blue cotton of a farm woman, the Guangxu Emperor, and a small retinue climbed into three wooden ox carts and escaped from the city covered with rough blankets."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "This alienated many conservative officials, whose opposition led Empress Dowager Cixi to intervene and reverse the reforms."
}
] |
During the Boxer Rebellion, Empress Dowager Cixi impersonated one of the court's hairstylists in order to escape.
| 0 | 0 |
Boxer Rebellion
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "When he was one year old, his family moved to the Long Island suburb Hicksville, New York, in the Town of Oyster Bay, where he and his younger sister Judy were raised in a section of Levitt homes."
}
] |
cCO2oMok9kmnnGnZeAPB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1 & 2, is one of the best-selling albums in the US.Joel was born in 1949 in The Bronx, New York, and grew up on Long Island, both places that influenced his music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1970–1974: Cold Spring Harbor and Piano Man",
"text": "Nevertheless, interest in his music grew."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "As a teenager, Joel took up boxing"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family",
"text": "Joel's first wife was Elizabeth Weber Small."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "On January 7, 2014, the Billy Joel in Concert tour began."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "He has also sponsored the Billy Joel Visiting Composer Series at Syracuse University."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health issues",
"text": "It looked tastier than bleach.\" His drummer and bandmate, Jon Small, rushed him to the hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "Joel told Rolling Stone magazine: \"We'll probably pick it up again."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1965–1970: Early career",
"text": "Joel and drummer Jon Small left the Hassles in 1969 to form the duo Attila, releasing an eponymous debut album in July 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel has a half-brother, Alexander Joel, born to his father in Europe, who became a classical conductor there."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "When he was one year old, his family moved to the Long Island suburb Hicksville, New York, in the Town of Oyster Bay, where he and his younger sister Judy were raised in a section of Levitt homes."
}
] |
Billy Joel grew up in a small bungalow in Lindenhurts, NY.
| 2 | 5 |
Billy Joel
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though now considered a major 19th-century English novel, even Hardy's fictional masterpiece, Tess of the d'Urbervilles received mixed reviews when it first appeared, in part because it challenged the sexual morals of late Victorian England."
}
] |
cD38i8TzBVtCj1aQY7jc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It initially appeared in a censored and serialised version, published by the British illustrated newspaper The Graphic in 1891, then in book form in three volumes in 1891, and as a single volume in 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented is a novel by Thomas Hardy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Seventh: Fulfilment (53–59)",
"text": "He sets out to find Tess and eventually locates Joan, now well-dressed and living in a pleasant cottage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the First: The Maiden (1–11)",
"text": "Mary Jacobus, a commentator on Hardy's works, speculates that the ambiguity may have been forced on the author to meet publisher requirements and the \"Grundyist\" readership of his time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though now considered a major 19th-century English novel, even Hardy's fictional masterpiece, Tess of the d'Urbervilles received mixed reviews when it first appeared, in part because it challenged the sexual morals of late Victorian England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Fifth: The Woman Pays (35–44)",
"text": "At the farm, the three former milkmaids perform hard physical labour."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism and themes",
"text": "Tess has been seen as a personification of nature, an idea supported by her association with animals throughout the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "When the opera came to London three years later, Hardy, then 69, attended the premiere."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "1960 : ITV, ITV Play of the Week, \"Tess\", directed by Michael Currer-Briggs, and starring Geraldine McEwan (Tess), Maurice Kaufmann (Alec), and Jeremy Brett (Angel). 1998: London Weekend Television's three-hour mini-series Tess of the D'Urbervilles, directed by Ian Sharp, and starring Justine Waddell (Tess), Jason Flemyng (Alec), and Oliver Milburn (Angel), the latter himself Dorset-born."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Sixth: The Convert (45–52)",
"text": "Tess enters the church and in the d'Urberville Aisle, Alec reappears and importunes Tess again."
}
] |
Tess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel that did well and was published in three volumes.
| 0 | 2 |
Tess of the d'Urbervilles
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both publications were extremely popular and widely read across much of Europe."
}
] |
cDBwhuLVlp8N6bF73AoH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Nevertheless, this document was the original inspiration for naming the American continent in honour of Amerigo Vespucci."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "In 1538, Gerardus Mercator used America to name both the North and South continents on his influential map."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "From there Vespucci continued up the South American coast to the Gulf of Paria and along the shore of what is now Venezuela."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Seville",
"text": "Vespucci was the executor of Berardi's will, collecting debts and paying outstanding obligations for the firm."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Vespucci has been called \"the most enigmatic and controversial figure in early American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Several scholars now believe that Vespucci did not write the two published letters in the form in which they circulated during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Because our ancestors had no knowledge of them, and it will be a matter wholly new to all those who hear about them, for this transcends the view held by our ancients, inasmuch as most of them hold that there is no continent to the south beyond the equator, but only the sea which they named the Atlantic and if some of them did aver that a continent there was, they denied with abundant argument that it was a habitable land."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "Writing later about his experience, Vespucci gave the impression that he had a leadership role, but that is unlikely, due to his inexperience."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "Forced to turn around, the ships headed north, retracing their course to the original landfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "According to the Tradition of Ptolemy and the Contributions of Amerigo Vespucci and Others."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both publications were extremely popular and widely read across much of Europe."
}
] |
Amerigo Vespucci is famous for his collection of writings about the North and South American continents.
| 0 | 0 |
Amerigo Vespucci
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "An autopsy was not performed on Gehrig's body, and his remains were cremated after his open-casket wake."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Death",
"text": "Gehrig's ashes were locked into a crypt in the stone monument marking his grave."
}
] |
cDLeCQKAtQMds8RDsVAo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "Turning tearfully to Gehrig, the manager said, \"Lou, what else can I say except that it was a sad day in the life of everybody who knew you when you came into my hotel room that day in Detroit and told me you were quitting as a ballplayer because you felt yourself a hindrance to the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Physically wrong, I mean. I don't know what it is, but I am satisfied that it goes far beyond his ball-playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "\"Examination of Rawhide showed that Gehrig functioned normally in January 1938\", the report concluded."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "The 1978 TV movie A Love Affair: The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig Story starred Blythe Danner and Edward Herrmann as Eleanor and Lou Gehrig."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1936",
"text": "Also in 1936, at the urging of his wife, Gehrig agreed to hire Babe Ruth's agent, who, in turn, persuaded him to audition for the role of Tarzan, the Ape Man, after Johnny Weissmuller had vacated the iconic movie role."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "Eleanor Gehrig was told that the cause of ALS was unknown, but it was painless, noncontagious, and cruel; the motor function of the central nervous system is destroyed, but the mind remains fully aware until the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "The life of Lou Gehrig was the subject of the 1942 film The Pride of the Yankees, starring Gary Cooper as Gehrig and Teresa Wright as his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Following his retirement from baseball, Lou Gehrig wrote, \"Don't think I am depressed or pessimistic about my condition at present\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "The prognosis was grim: rapidly increasing paralysis, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, and a life expectancy less than three years, although no impairment of mental functions would occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given annually to the MLB player who best exhibits Gehrig's integrity and character."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "An autopsy was not performed on Gehrig's body, and his remains were cremated after his open-casket wake."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Death",
"text": "Gehrig's ashes were locked into a crypt in the stone monument marking his grave."
}
] |
Lou Gehrig was turned to dust by means of fire after he ceased functioning.
| 3 | 7 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress whose 41-year career included work in radio, stage, film, and television."
}
] |
cDe6v21DEzUpfihQ275c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Agnes Robertson Moorehead was born on December 6, 1900 in Clinton, Massachusetts, the daughter of former singer Mary (née McCauley; 1883–1990), who was 17 when she was born, and Presbyterian clergyman John Henderson Moorehead (1869–1938)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Radio",
"text": "In 1941, Moorehead played Maggie in the short-lived Bringing Up Father program on the Blue Network."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and her ambition to become an actress grew \"very strong\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress whose 41-year career included work in radio, stage, film, and television."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Moorehead bequeathed $25,000 to Muskingum College, with instructions to fund one or more \"Agnes Moorehead Scholarships\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother indulged her active imagination, often asking, \"Who are you today, Agnes?\" while Moorehead and her younger sister Peggy (born Margaret Ann; 1906-1929) engaged in mimicry."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality",
"text": "Paul Lynde, Moorehead's co-star on Bewitched, stated: \"Well, the whole world knows Agnes was a lesbian –"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "Moorehead died shortly afterward."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "In 1930, Moorehead married actor John Griffith Lee; they divorced a year after fostering a boy named Sean in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality",
"text": "Journalist Boze Hadleigh reported an incident, also sourced to Lynde, in which, when she caught one of her husbands cheating on her, \"Agnes screamed at him that if he could have a mistress, so could she.\" In an interview, Moorehead was reported to have acknowledged her same-sex orientation while she identified a number of other Hollywood actresses who \"enjoyed lesbian or bi relationships."
}
] |
Agnes Moorehead was an entertainer for 50 years and grew up in Massachusetts.
| 0 | 0 |
Agnes Moorehead
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jenkins became the first Canadian to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991; he remained the only one until Larry Walker's election in 2020."
}
] |
cE7LPKMxkpdN4yNWV4WH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "Jenkins was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987, and in 1991, became the first Canadian ever elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jenkins became the first Canadian to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991; he remained the only one until Larry Walker's election in 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ferguson Arthur \"Fergie\" Jenkins CM (born December 13, 1942) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | Later seasons",
"text": "It has been suggested that this incident delayed his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "He was also named the Canadian Press male athlete of the year four times (1967, 1968, 1971, and 1974)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | Later seasons",
"text": "He was named AL Comeback Player of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "On December 17, 1979, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada for being \"Canada's best-known major-league baseball player\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "Jenkins was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 1995, and was inducted onto Canada's Walk of Fame in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | MLB career | 1971 season",
"text": "Jenkins was the first Cubs pitcher and the first Canadian to win the Cy Young Award (Quebec native Éric Gagné is the only other Canadian to match the feat)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honours and awards",
"text": "He was inducted into the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame in 2004."
}
] |
Canadian baseball player Ferguson Jenkins was the only Canadian to be in the hall of fame until this year.
| 0 | 0 |
Ferguson Jenkins
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives represented a triumph for Hitler, and a turning point for the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The phrase \"Night of the Long Knives\" in the German language predates the killings and refers generally to acts of vengeance."
}
] |
cEOe305zHwe8lxz08l8l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "Rumours about the Night of the Long Knives rapidly spread."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives was a turning point for the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives represented a triumph for Hitler, and a turning point for the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The phrase \"Night of the Long Knives\" in the German language predates the killings and refers generally to acts of vengeance."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "Almost unanimously, the army applauded the Night of the Long Knives, even though the generals Kurt von Schleicher and Ferdinand von Bredow were among the victims."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer ), or the Röhm Purge, also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Purge | Against conservatives and old enemies",
"text": "We were close personal friends; we often dined together in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Purge",
"text": "From the airport they drove to the Bavarian Interior Ministry, where they assembled the leaders of an SA rampage that had taken place in city streets the night before."
},
{
"section_header": "Purge",
"text": "Enraged, Hitler tore the epaulets off the shirt of Obergruppenführer August Schneidhuber, the chief of the Munich police, for failing to keep order in the city the previous night."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler and the Sturmabteilung (SA)",
"text": "Deprived of Communist party meetings to disrupt, the stormtroopers would sometimes run riot in the streets after a night of drinking; they would attack passers-by and then attack the police who were called to stop them."
}
] |
The Night of the Long Knives was a legendary night in which several chefs worked together to created the longest knives they could and showing them off to each other and then the world.
| 1 | 3 |
Night of the Long Knives
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The surface was said to have been so smooth that you could not distinguish the joints."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The Roman section still exists and is lined with monuments of all periods, although the cement has eroded out of the joints, leaving a very rough surface."
}
] |
cEiGwIuJlIs9JMOKzxAT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria | Rediscovery",
"text": "When analysing aerophotogrammetric shots of the area, Lugli noticed a path (Italian: tratturo) named la Tarantina, whose direction was still largely influenced by the centuriation; this, according to Lugli, was the path of the Appian Way."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The building of the Aurelian Wall centuries later required the placing of another gate, the Porta Appia."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The Roman section still exists and is lined with monuments of all periods, although the cement has eroded out of the joints, leaving a very rough surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The surface was said to have been so smooth that you could not distinguish the joints."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria | Rediscovery",
"text": "In the first half of the 20th century, the professor of ancient Roman topography Giuseppe Lugli managed to discover, with the then innovative technique of photogrammetry, what probably was the route of the Appian Way from Gravina in Puglia (Silvium) up to Taranto."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road",
"text": "The main part of the Appian Way was started and finished in 312 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "The old Appian Way close to Rome is now a free tourist attraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Along the coast",
"text": "A few survive from later times, including a first milestone near the porta Appia."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "A new Appian Way was built in parallel with the old one in 1784 as far as the Alban Hills region."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Della Portella, Ivana. Della Portella, Ivana. 2004. The Appian Way: From Its Foundation to the Middle Ages."
}
] |
The once smooth and expertly placed bricks of the Appian Way still survive, but have been eroded from centuries of wear.
| 1 | 4 |
Appian Way
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families."
}
] |
cFUhwJiCC1sMHqo1vXMX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, represented by a red rose, and the House of York, represented by a white rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and symbols",
"text": "The name \"Wars of the Roses\" refers to the heraldic badges associated with two rival branches of the same royal house, the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Henry VI",
"text": "Some authorities date the start of the War of the Roses from the death of Humphrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle stages | Yorkist triumph",
"text": "The Battle of Towton, near York, was the biggest battle of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Disputed succession",
"text": "The question of succession after Edward III's death in 1377 is said to be the cause of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and symbols",
"text": "The Yorkist faction used the symbol of the white rose from early in the conflict, but the Lancastrian red rose was introduced only after the victory of Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, when it was combined with the Yorkist white rose to form the Tudor rose, which symbolised the union of the two houses; the origins of the Rose as a cognizance itself stem from Edward"
},
{
"section_header": "Later stages | Henry VII",
"text": "Many historians consider the accession of Henry VII to mark the end of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Disputed succession | House of York",
"text": "G.M. Trevelyan has written that \"the Wars of the Roses were to a large extent a quarrel between Welsh Marcher Lords, who were also great English nobles, closely related to the English throne.\" Anne de Mortimer had died in 1411."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stages | Richard III",
"text": "The restoration of Edward IV in 1471 is sometimes seen as marking the end of the Wars of the Roses proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Henry VI",
"text": "In 1450, there was a violent popular revolt in Kent, Jack Cade's Rebellion, which is often seen as the prelude to the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families."
}
] |
The Houses involved in the Wars of the Roses lost all of their men heirs.
| 0 | 0 |
Wars of the Roses
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fabrice grows up surrounded by intrigues and alliances for and against the French — his father the Marchese comically fancies himself a spy for the Viennese."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Charterhouse of Parma chronicles the adventures of the young Italian nobleman Fabrice del Dongo from his birth in 1798 to his death."
}
] |
cFcA3KwLwjcuKlZ7rPiH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Charterhouse of Parma (French: La Chartreuse de Parme) is a novel by Stendhal published in 1839."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fabrice grows up surrounded by intrigues and alliances for and against the French — his father the Marchese comically fancies himself a spy for the Viennese."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Charterhouse of Parma chronicles the adventures of the young Italian nobleman Fabrice del Dongo from his birth in 1798 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1981, the novel was turned into a TV series, La Certosa di Parma, directed by Mauro Bolognini, an Italian-French-German co-production."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2012, a joint Italian-French TV miniseries La Certosa di Parma was directed by Cinzia Th."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Meanwhile, Fabrice is oblivious to his danger and is living happily because he has fallen in love with the commandant's daughter, Clélia Conti, whom Fabrice can see from his prison window as she tends her caged birds."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Scott-Moncrieff translates the French names of Italian characters in the original to Italian equivalents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Telling the story of an Italian nobleman in the Napoleonic era and later, it was admired by Balzac, Tolstoy, André Gide, di Lampedusa and Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He is imprisoned as a spy, but escapes with the aid of the jailer's wife who develops a fondness towards Fabrice, donning the uniform of a dead French hussar."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The best-known English translation The Charterhouse of Parma is by Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff."
}
] |
The Charterhouse of Parma (French: La Chartreuse de Parme) is an 1839 novel by Stendhal about the life experiences of injury, love, dangerous spy alliances, and intrigue for an Italian nobleman..
| 0 | 0 |
The Charterhouse of Parma
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The poem was meant to appeal to Northerners' sense of urgency and, as a call for action, noted that history favors the courageous."
}
] |
cG73QiBTGN7sp5tS8Vnl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "When the poem was written in 1860, America was on the verge of Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Paul Revere's Ride\" (1860) is a poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that commemorates the actions of American patriot Paul Revere on April 18, 1775, although with significant inaccuracies."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The poem was meant to appeal to Northerners' sense of urgency and, as a call for action, noted that history favors the courageous."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "The fame that Longfellow brought to Revere, however, did not materialize until after the Civil War amidst the Colonial Revival Movement of the 1870s."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Jonathan Harrington, the young fifer for Lexington's militia during the battles of Lexington and Concord, died at the age of 96 in 1854, a few years before the poem was written."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Other historians have since stressed Revere's importance, including David Hackett Fischer in his book Paul Revere's Ride (1995), a scholarly study of Revere's role in the opening of the Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Though he admitted the book made little impact, it was written for his best friend, Charles Sumner, an activist abolitionist politician with whom he would continue to share common cause on the issues of slavery and the Union. \" Paul Revere's Ride\" was published in the January 1861, issue of The Atlantic magazine on December 20, 1860, just as South Carolina became the first state to secede from the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Tis all very well for the children to hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere; But why should my name be quite forgot,"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "For a long time, historians of the American Revolution as well as textbook writers relied almost entirely on Longfellow's poem as historical evidence – creating substantial misconceptions in the minds of the American people."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Upon Revere's death in 1818, for example, his obituary did not mention his midnight ride but instead focused on his business sense and his many friends."
}
] |
Paul Revere's Ride is a poem that was written to appeal to the Northern half before the American Civil war.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Revere's Ride
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry."
}
] |
cGHYrpsTTNbtORByADBb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1922, the 434-line poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in the October issue of Eliot's The Criterion and in the United States in the November issue of The Dial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history",
"text": "The first appearance of the poem in the US was in the November 1922 issue of The Dial magazine (actually published in late October)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition history | Writing",
"text": "Eliot probably worked on the text that became The Waste Land for several years preceding its first publication in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Weston's book was so central to the structure of the poem that it was the first text that Eliot cited in his \"Notes on the Waste Land\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition history | Editing",
"text": "It described one lady Fresca (who appeared in the earlier poem \"Gerontion\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Parodies",
"text": "features an intoxicated Nuyorican poet reading The Waste Land in Spanglish; Braschi credits Eliot's masterpiece as the most important poem in the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "There is some question as to whether Eliot originally intended The Waste Land to be a collection of individual poems (additional poems were supplied to Pound for his comments on including them) or to be considered one poem with five sections."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history",
"text": "The poem was first published in the UK, without the author's notes, in the first issue (October 1922) of The Criterion, a literary magazine started and edited by Eliot."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history",
"text": "In December 1922, the poem was published in the US in book form by Boni and Liveright, the first publication to print the notes."
}
] |
The Waste Land is one of the least important poems by T.S. Eliot and the 434-line poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in 1922.
| 0 | 0 |
The Waste Land
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "Dean was known for antics which inspired his nickname."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Dean worked his way through the Sox lineup, an exasperated Chicago manager reportedly yelled \"Knock that dizzy kid out the box!\" He proceeded to call him \"dizzy kid\" through the rest of the game, and the moniker stuck."
}
] |
cGkDsSKxe7NgIZlDtf1m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "The ball struck him on the head, and Dean was knocked unconscious and taken to a hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "\" On September 21, Dean pitched no-hit ball for eight innings against the Brooklyn Dodgers, finishing with a three-hit shutout in the first game of a doubleheader, his 27th win of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "At age 37, Dean pitched four innings, allowing no runs, and rapped a single in his only at-bat."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": ", I'd , I'd a-throw'ed one too! \" On May 5, 1937, he bet he could strike out Vince DiMaggio four times in the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "Rowland signed the ragged righty for $185,000, one of the most expensive loss-leader contracts in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Defensively, he was about average, recording a .960 fielding percentage which was one point higher than the league average at his position."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Dean worked his way through the Sox lineup, an exasperated Chicago manager reportedly yelled \"Knock that dizzy kid out the box!\" He proceeded to call him \"dizzy kid\" through the rest of the game, and the moniker stuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "As a result, he hurt his arm, losing his great fastball."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "Thanks to baseball fan Charles Schulz, another Dean expression found its way into a Peanuts strip, as Lucy commented on a batter who swung at a pitch outside the strike zone: \"He shouldn't hadn't ought-a swang!\" While doing a game on CBS, Dean once said, over the open mic, \"I don't know why they're calling this the Game of the Week."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "Dean was known for antics which inspired his nickname."
}
] |
"Dizzy" Dean got his nickname thanks to a concussion sustained on the field as he dived for a ball, letting it strike him in the head and knock him out, which resulted in a permanent loss of balance.
| 2 | 4 |
Dizzy Dean
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His operas were heavily praised and interpreted by Rossini."
}
] |
cH000Onn7DlCtHsHeekp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "From opera to church music",
"text": "Cherubini's opera-ballet Anacréon was an outright failure and most stage works after it did not achieve success."
},
{
"section_header": "Adulthood and first operas",
"text": "Cherubini's early opera serie used libretti by Apostolo Zeno, Metastasio (Pietro Trapassi), and others that adhered closely to standard dramatic conventions."
},
{
"section_header": "From opera to church music",
"text": "Cherubini's Requiem in C minor (1816), commemorating the anniversary of the execution of King Louis XVI of France, was a huge success."
},
{
"section_header": "French assimilation",
"text": "Cherubini's music began to show more originality and daring."
},
{
"section_header": "From opera to church music",
"text": "Les Abencérages (1813), an heroic drama set in Spain during the last days of the Moorish kingdom of Granada, was Cherubini's attempt to compete with Spontini's La vestale; it received critical praise but few performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "Some critics, such as Basil Deane, maintain that Berlioz's depiction has distorted Cherubini's image with posterity."
},
{
"section_header": "French assimilation",
"text": "This was followed by Elisa (1794), set in the Swiss Alps, and Médée (1797), Cherubini's best-known work."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "See List of operas by Luigi Cherubini"
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "There are many allusions to Cherubini's personal irritability among his contemporaries; Adolphe Adam wrote, \"some maintain his temper was very even, because he was always angry."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "Wilhelm Altmann, writing in his Handbuch für Streichquartettspieler (Handbook for String Quartet Players) about Cherubini's six string quartets, stated that they are first rate and regarded Nos. 1 and 3 as masterworks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His operas were heavily praised and interpreted by Rossini."
}
] |
Cherubini's operas were extremely complimented.
| 0 | 3 |
Luigi Cherubini
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sheen was born Carlos Estévez on September 3, 1965, in New York City, the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen (whose real name is Ramón Gerardo Antonio Estévez) and artist Janet Templeton."
}
] |
cHVVqvCx8VjR2qiSlIzo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Deciding to become an actor, he took the stage name Charlie Sheen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J. Sheen, while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "Then, in February 2014, Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi, who began going by her real name, Scottine."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sheen was born Carlos Estévez on September 3, 1965, in New York City, the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen (whose real name is Ramón Gerardo Antonio Estévez) and artist Janet Templeton."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": "Sheen has also done voices for animation, appearing as Charlie in All Dogs"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Other",
"text": "In October 2018 Sheen flew to Australia for his \"An Evening with Charlie Sheen\" tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": ", he was credited under his birth name Carlos Estévez."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Television | Warner Bros. dismissal",
"text": "\" In 2012, Sheen returned to television in Anger Management, the spin-off of the film of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "That same year, Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": "The trailer and opening credits for the film used an \"and introducing...\" tag when showing Sheen's birth name."
}
] |
Charlie Sheen real name is Ramon and Charlie is his stage name.
| 1 | 5 |
Charlie Sheen
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses are an established cause of cancer in humans and other species."
}
] |
cHXVMPclNG13eZlcpMX3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Epidemiology",
"text": "It is important to find the source, or sources, of the outbreak and to identify the virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses are an established cause of cancer in humans and other species."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Hepatitis viruses can develop into a chronic viral infection that leads to liver cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viral cancers occur only in a minority of infected persons (or animals)."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "The most recently discovered human cancer virus is a polyomavirus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) that causes most cases of a rare form of skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Human papillomaviruses are an established cause of cancers of cervix, skin, anus, and penis."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Merkel cell polyomavirus closely related to SV40 and mouse polyomaviruses that have been used as animal models for cancer viruses for over 50 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "The development of cancer is determined by a variety of factors such as host immunity and mutations in the host."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Cancer viruses come from a range of virus families, including both RNA and DNA viruses, and so there is no single type of \"oncovirus\" (an obsolete term originally used for acutely transforming retroviruses)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "This provides an invaluable source of information for paleovirologists to trace back ancient viruses that have existed up to millions of years ago."
}
] |
Cancer is not sourced by viruses.
| 1 | 5 |
Virus
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "To make ends meet, Goldmark also pursued a side career as a music journalist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's older brother Joseph became a physician and was later involved in the Revolution of 1848, and forced to emigrate to the United States."
}
] |
cHtXmg9UmA0kBneEiHfh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark came from a large Jewish family."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's older brother Joseph became a physician and was later involved in the Revolution of 1848, and forced to emigrate to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He continued his music studies there and two years later was sent by his father to Vienna, where he was able to study for some eighteen months with Leopold Jansa before his money ran out."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "His father, Ruben Goldmark, was a chazan (cantor) to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely, Hungary, where Karl was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He prepared himself for entry first to the Vienna Technische Hochschule and then to the Vienna Conservatory to study the violin with Joseph Böhm and harmony with Gottfried Preyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He also gave lessons: Jean Sibelius studied with him briefly."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Karl Goldmark's early training as a violinist was at the musical academy of Sopron (1842–44)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark was largely self-taught as a composer, and he supported himself in Vienna playing the violin in theatre orchestras, at the Carlstheater and the privately supported Viennese institution, the Theater in der Josefstadt."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "To make ends meet, Goldmark also pursued a side career as a music journalist."
}
] |
Coming from a family of physicians, Karl Goldmark had two careers, he got a medical degree and studied the violin.
| 0 | 0 |
Karl Goldmark
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Reception",
"text": "Four years later, after Messi had won his first Ballon d'Or by a record margin, the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A prolific goalscorer and creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most goals in La Liga (444), a La Liga and European league season (50), most hat-tricks in La Liga (36) and the UEFA Champions League (8), and most assists in La Liga (183), a La Liga and European league season (21) and the Copa América (12)."
}
] |
cHxSNiXKJ2NwTj890Lf4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi relocated to Spain to join Barcelona at age 13, for whom he made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini (Spanish pronunciation: [ljoˈnel anˈdɾez ˈmesi] (listen); born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | 2016: Copa América Centenario, retirement, and return | \"Don't go, Leo\"",
"text": "President of Argentina Mauricio Macri urged Messi not to quit, stating, \"We are lucky, it is one of life's pleasures, it is a gift from God to have the best player in the world in a footballing country like ours... Lionel Messi is the greatest thing we have in Argentina"
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Reception",
"text": "Four years later, after Messi had won his first Ballon d'Or by a record margin, the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "Thiago was born in Barcelona on 2 November 2012, with Messi attending the birth after being given permission by Barcelona to miss training."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Reception",
"text": "Initially, he was merely one of many young Argentine players, including his boyhood idol Pablo Aimar, to receive the \"New Maradona\" moniker, but as his career progressed, Messi proved his similarity beyond all previous contenders, establishing himself as the greatest player Argentina had produced since Maradona."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lionel Andrés Messi was born on 24 June 1987 in Rosario, the third of the four children of Jorge Messi, a steel factory manager, and his wife Celia Cuccittini, who worked in a magnet manufacturing workshop."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | 2019: Copa América",
"text": "On 21 May 2019, Messi was included in Lionel Scaloni's final 23-man Argentina squad for the 2019 Copa América."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "This was split between Clinic Barcelona hospital in Barcelona, Spain and his native Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Club career | Barcelona | 2017–18: Domestic double and a record fifth Golden Boot",
"text": "Thereby, Messi also extended his El Clásico goalscoring record with the goal being his 24th official and 25th overall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A prolific goalscorer and creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most goals in La Liga (444), a La Liga and European league season (50), most hat-tricks in La Liga (36) and the UEFA Champions League (8), and most assists in La Liga (183), a La Liga and European league season (21) and the Copa América (12)."
}
] |
Born and raised in Argentina, Lionel Messi moved to Spain to join Barcelona and holds many professional football records while thought to be the greatest.
| 0 | 0 |
Lionel Messi
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega has functioned as the baseline for calibrating the photometric brightness scale and was one of the stars used to define the zero point for the UBV photometric system."
}
] |
cIJzIqdJKaNg1KpSyMlH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was one of the first stars whose distance was estimated through parallax measurements."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "The distance to Vega can be determined by measuring its parallax shift against the background stars as the Earth orbits the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Rotation",
"text": "This large temperature difference between the poles and the equator produces a strong gravity darkening effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "Thus most astronomers at the time, including Struve, credited Bessel with the first published parallax result."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega has functioned as the baseline for calibrating the photometric brightness scale and was one of the stars used to define the zero point for the UBV photometric system."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Infrared excess",
"text": "At the measured distance of Vega, this corresponded to an actual radius of 80 astronomical units (AU), where an AU is the average radius of the Earth's orbit around the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Rotation",
"text": "As Vega had long been used as a standard star for calibrating telescopes, the discovery that it is rapidly rotating may challenge some of the underlying assumptions that were based on it being spherically symmetric."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "Using spectropolarimetry, a magnetic field has been detected on the surface of Vega by a team of astronomers at the Observatoire du Pic du Midi."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Debris disks",
"text": "Hence it is more likely to have been produced as the result of a relatively recent breakup of a moderate-sized (or larger) comet or asteroid, which then further fragmented as the result of collisions between the smaller components and other bodies."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Possible planets",
"text": "Using a coronagraph on the Subaru telescope in Hawaii in 2005, astronomers were able to further constrain the size of a planet orbiting Vega to no more than 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter."
}
] |
Astronomers use Vega as a base point when calculating the parallax effect to note distance between heavenly bodies.
| 0 | 0 |
Vega
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Seasons 1 through 9 are available to stream on Netflix in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latin America, The Netherlands, Turkey, Spain, Sweden,the Philippines, and the UK; season 9 was released on September 26, 2014."
}
] |
cIMc5lr94VAplNLfWSpp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Seasons 1 through 9 are available to stream on Hotstar in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Seasons 1 through 9 are available to stream on Netflix in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latin America, The Netherlands, Turkey, Spain, Sweden,the Philippines, and the UK; season 9 was released on September 26, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Seasons 1-9 were removed from Netflix in the United States as of November 13, 2017 and are now available on Hulu."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Dad",
"text": "Netflix, FOX and NBC were named as possible candidates for picking up the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Father",
"text": "On August 8, 2017, Fox chairman Dana Walden told Deadline that the studio was set to try a third attempt at a spin-off with different writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Hannigan was looking to do more comedy work and was available."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 5",
"text": "In the season finale, Barney disguises himself to have sex with a girl from every country in the world, and Lily and Marshall mistake him for the final doppelganger."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The season 9 premiere episode aired on September 23, 2013, and the one-hour series finale aired on March 31, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Note: The whole story DVD had a different package in Region 1 as opposed to Region 2 + 4"
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Books",
"text": "The Playbook, based on the fifth season episode of the same name, by Barney Stinson and Matt Kuhn."
}
] |
The episodes of the sitcom are available to stream on Netflix in different countries.
| 2 | 7 |
How I Met Your Mother
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard earned her PhD in 1974 from the University of Tübingen, where she studied protein-DNA interaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for their research on the genetic control of embryonic development."
}
] |
cIN72Btz4SUGhP9ZTrqz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "In 1986, she received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (born 20 October 1942) is a German developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Honorary degrees",
"text": "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been awarded honorary degrees by the following Universities: Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Rockefeller, Utrecht, University College London, Oxford (June 2005), Sheffield, St Andrews (June 2011), Freiburg, Munich and Bath (July 2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "In 2004 Nüsslein-Volhard started the Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation (Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Stiftung)."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "Since 1985 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been Director of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen and also leads its Genetics Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "The experiments that earned Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus their Nobel prize aimed to identify genes involved in the development of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) embryos."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for their research on the genetic control of embryonic development."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard earned her PhD in 1974 from the University of Tübingen, where she studied protein-DNA interaction."
}
] |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard is the first woman to receive the Noble Prize without going to college.
| 0 | 2 |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "In 1911, at age 16, some of Orff's music was published."
}
] |
cIUxnwXedTacouqKDbNV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Carl Orff was born in Munich on 10 July 1895, the son of Paula (Köstler) and Heinrich Orff."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "In 1911, at age 16, some of Orff's music was published."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Pedagogic works",
"text": "Originally a set of pieces composed and published for the Güntherschule (which had students ranging from 12 to 22), this title was also used for his books based on radio broadcasts in Bavaria in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Orff (German: [ˈɔɐ̯f]; (1895-07-10)10 July 1895 – (1982-03-29)29 March 1982) was a German composer and music educator, best known for his cantata Carmina Burana (1937)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "In this highly personal work, Orff presented a mystery play, sung in Greek, German, and Latin, in which he summarized his view of the end of time."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "With the success of Carmina Burana, Orff disowned all of his previous works except for Catulli Carmina and the Entrata (an orchestration of \"The Bells\" by William Byrd (1539–1623)), which he rewrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "Orff is best known for Carmina Burana (1936), a \"scenic cantata\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "About his Antigonae (1949), Orff said specifically that it was not an opera but rather a Vertonung, a \"musical setting\", of the ancient tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "While \"modern\" in some of his compositional techniques, Orff was able to capture the spirit of the medieval period in this trilogy, with infectious rhythms and simple harmonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | The 1920s",
"text": "Orff was there as the head of a department from 1925 until the end of his life, and he worked with musical beginners."
}
] |
Carl Orff did start to broadcast his work at 16.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Orff
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population, the Holocaust, and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials."
}
] |
cIhSeLwILA2VMtIAA5fH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg was acknowledged as the tenth best film in the courtroom drama genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population, the Holocaust, and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg was released in American theatres on December 19, 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer, written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Judgment at Nuremberg centers on a military tribunal convened in Nuremberg, Germany, in which four German judges and prosecutors stand accused of crimes against humanity for their involvement in atrocities committed under the Nazi regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2013, Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "The film is notable for its use of courtroom drama to illuminate individual perfidy and moral compromise in times of violent political upheaval; it was the first mainstream drama film not to shy from showing actual footage filmed by American and British soldiers after the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He talks with a number of Germans who have different perspectives on the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948, the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the 12 U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Kramer's film received positive reviews from critics, and was lauded as a straight reconstruction of the famous trials of Nazi war criminals."
}
] |
Judgment at Nuremberg addresses war corruption affecting civilians among a few other topics in this drama.
| 1 | 3 |
Judgment at Nuremberg
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 into an Indian Gujarati Hindu Modh Baniya family in Porbandar (also known as Sudamapuri), a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the Indian Empire."
}
] |
cIpBUaZUWjZaeUZ4pFgv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "The Gandhi couple had four more children, all sons: Harilal, born in 1888; Manilal, born in 1892; Ramdas, born in 1897; and Devdas, born in 1900.In November 1887, the 18-year-old Gandhi graduated from high school in Ahmedabad."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 into an Indian Gujarati Hindu Modh Baniya family in Porbandar (also known as Sudamapuri), a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the Indian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)",
"text": "During the Boer War, Gandhi volunteered in 1900 to form a group of stretcher-bearers as the Natal Indian Ambulance Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On life, society and other application of his ideas | Gandhian economics",
"text": "Violence against any human being, born poor or rich, is wrong, believed Gandhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist, who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British Rule, and in turn inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "Karamchand and Putlibai had three children over the ensuing decade: a son, Laxmidas (c. 1860–1914); a daughter, Raliatbehn (1862–1960); and another son, Karsandas (c. 1866–1913).On 2 October 1869, Putlibai gave birth to her last child, Mohandas, in a dark, windowless ground-floor room of the Gandhi family residence in Porbandar city."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "During his tenure, Karamchand married four times."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "In late 1885, Gandhi's father Karamchand died."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "His father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi (1822–1885), served as the diwan (chief minister) of Porbandar state."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and background",
"text": "Gandhi's father Karamchand was Hindu and his mother Putlibai was from a Pranami Vaishnava Hindu family."
}
] |
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born November 1900.
| 0 | 0 |
Mahatma Gandhi
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "When soldiers returned a year later, the brothers' grave had been broken into by animals and the bones scattered."
}
] |
cJCXn1WXQJE4UyfG4JhB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle of the Little Bighorn",
"text": "George Herendeen – fully 3,000"
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments and memorials",
"text": "The George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument of Custer, by Edward Clark Potter, was erected in Monroe, Michigan, Custer's boyhood home, in 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wert, Jeffry D. Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "\"The bodies of Custer and his brother Tom were wrapped in canvas and blankets, then buried in a shallow grave, covered by the basket from a travois held in place by rocks."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and ancestry",
"text": "According to family letters, Custer was named after George Armstrong, a minister, in his devout mother's hope that her son might join the clergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Utley, Robert M. (2001). Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier, revised edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Barnett, Louise (1996) Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer New York, Henry Holt and Company,"
},
{
"section_header": "Birth, siblings, and childhood",
"text": "He pulled it out, and Autie never even scrunched."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "During the 1920s, two elderly Cheyenne women spoke briefly with oral historians about their having recognized Custer's body on the battlefield and said that they had stopped a Sioux warrior from desecrating the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Custer's body had two bullet holes, one in the left temple and one just below the heart."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "When soldiers returned a year later, the brothers' grave had been broken into by animals and the bones scattered."
}
] |
George Armstrong Custer's body was never fully obtained due to creatures digging up his grave.
| 0 | 0 |
George Armstrong Custer
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "In a 2006 interview with Esquire magazine, McGraw, stated he would like to run for public office as a Democratic Party candidate, possibly for United States Senate or Governor of Tennessee, his home state."
}
] |
cJHQeUl494Z1sQVJxzE2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "McGraw made his debut with the single"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "McGraw came to the attention of Curb Records in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "After cutting a demo single, McGraw gave a copy to his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "All of the Dancehall Doctors have worked with McGraw since at least 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "In 2002, McGraw bucked country music traditions by recording his seventh studio album Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors with his tour band The Dancehall Doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "Three more singles were released from Tim McGraw: \"Welcome to the Club\", \"Memory Lane\", and \"Two Steppin' Mind\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "McGraw chose to use his own touring band, in order to recognize their part in his success, and to capture some of the feel of a real band."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Southern Voice",
"text": "McGraw did not approve of the release."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography | Studio albums",
"text": "Tim McGraw (1993) Not a Moment"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Following the discovery, McGraw learned from his mother who his biological father was and she took him to meet the elder McGraw for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "In a 2006 interview with Esquire magazine, McGraw, stated he would like to run for public office as a Democratic Party candidate, possibly for United States Senate or Governor of Tennessee, his home state."
}
] |
McGraw is a proud Republican.
| 3 | 5 |
Tim McGraw
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because Paris was under siege for four months, the Third Republic moved its capital to Tours."
}
] |
cJjE7oIZSzBREFK51G5c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicalisation of the Paris workers",
"text": "Many Parisians, especially workers and the lower-middle classes, supported a democratic republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicalisation of the Paris workers",
"text": "The Commune resulted in part from growing discontent among the Paris workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicalisation of the Paris workers",
"text": "This discontent can be traced to the first worker uprisings, the Canut revolts, in Lyon and Paris in the 1830s (a canut was a Lyonnais silk worker, often working on Jacquard looms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other communes of 1871",
"text": "On 22 March, the socialist politician Gaston Cremieux addressed a meeting of workers in Marseille and called upon them to take up arms and to support the Paris Commune."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicalisation of the Paris workers",
"text": "The International had considerable influence even among unaffiliated French workers, particularly in Paris and the large cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicalisation of the Paris workers",
"text": "In early 1867, Parisian employers of bronze-workers attempted to de-unionise their workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Critique | Marx, Engels, and Lenin",
"text": "He used the famous term later taken up by Lenin and the Bolsheviks: the Commune was, he said, the first \"dictatorship of the proletariat\", a state run by workers and in the interests of workers."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Bloody Week\" | 26 May: Capture of Place de la Bastille; more executions",
"text": "Arriving at an open yard, they were lined up against a wall and shot in groups of ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Radicalisation of the Paris workers",
"text": "He noted, however, that \"working-men, as a class, took no part in the proceedings.\" A coup was attempted in early 1870, but tensions eased significantly after the plebiscite in"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other communes of 1871",
"text": "Soon after the Paris Commune took power in Paris, revolutionary and socialist groups in several other French cities tried to establish their own communes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because Paris was under siege for four months, the Third Republic moved its capital to Tours."
}
] |
The Paris Commune was a group made up of like minded individuals from the worker class.
| 1 | 3 |
Paris Commune
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years | Family",
"text": "Handel was born in 1685 in Halle, Duchy of Magdeburg (then part of Brandenburg-Prussia), to Georg Händel and Dorothea Taust."
}
] |
cK74Yrq5sXyP1shrO2fH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (; born Georg Friederich Händel"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The original form of his name, Georg Friedrich Händel, is generally used in Germany and elsewhere, but he is known as \"Haendel\" in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Move to London",
"text": "In 1712, Handel decided to settle permanently in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Family",
"text": "His father, aged sixty-three when George Frideric was born, was an eminent barber-surgeon who served the court of Saxe-Weissenfels and the Margraviate of Brandenburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Family",
"text": "Two younger sisters were born after the birth of George Frideric: Dorthea Sophia, born 6 October 1687, and Johanna Christiana, born 10 January 1690."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Almost blind, and having lived in England for nearly fifty years, he died in 1759, a respected and rich man."
},
{
"section_header": "Move to London",
"text": "In 1710, Handel became Kapellmeister to German prince George, the Elector of Hanover, who in 1714 would become King George I of Great Britain and Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Halle compositions",
"text": "Other early chamber works were printed in Amsterdam in 1724 as opus 1, but it is impossible to tell which are early works in their original form, rather than later re-workings by Handel, a frequent practice of his."
},
{
"section_header": "From Halle to Italy",
"text": "The audience, thunderstruck with the grandeur and sublimity of his style, applauded for Il caro Sassone (\"the dear Saxon\" – referring to Handel's German origins)."
},
{
"section_header": "Move to London | Royal Academy of Music (1719–34)",
"text": "In 1727 Handel was commissioned to write four anthems for the Coronation ceremony of King George II."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Family",
"text": "Handel was born in 1685 in Halle, Duchy of Magdeburg (then part of Brandenburg-Prussia), to Georg Händel and Dorothea Taust."
}
] |
George Frideric Handel was not originally from England.
| 0 | 0 |
George Frideric Handel
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Human interaction",
"text": "For millennia, molluscs have been a source of food for humans, as well as important luxury goods, notably pearls, mother of pearl, Tyrian purple dye, sea silk, and chemical compounds."
}
] |
cKl0Tbz5YcJFLZK34S3w
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "The pearl industry is so important in some areas, significant sums of money are spent on monitoring the health of farmed molluscs."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans | Bioindicators",
"text": "Potamopyrgus antipodarum is used by some water treatment plants to test for estrogen-mimicking pollutants from industrial agriculture."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "Within Europe, France remained the industry leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "Most molluscs with shells can produce pearls, but only the pearls of bivalves and some gastropods, whose shells are lined with nacre, are valuable."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "The best natural pearls are produced by marine pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera and Pinctada mertensi, which live in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Pacific Ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "The two methods of culturing pearls insert either \"seeds\" or beads into oysters."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "However, these \"currencies\" generally differed in important ways from the standardized government-backed and -controlled money familiar to industrial societies."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "Natural pearls form when a small foreign object gets stuck between the mantle and shell."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name Molluscoida was formerly used to denote a division of the animal kingdom containing the brachiopods, bryozoans, and tunicates, the members of the three groups having been supposed to somewhat resemble the molluscs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Molluscs have, for centuries, also been the source of important luxury goods, notably pearls, mother of pearl, Tyrian purple dye, and sea silk."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction",
"text": "For millennia, molluscs have been a source of food for humans, as well as important luxury goods, notably pearls, mother of pearl, Tyrian purple dye, sea silk, and chemical compounds."
}
] |
Pearls have been used in the cosmetic industry.
| 0 | 0 |
Mollusca
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Vincentio, the Duke of Vienna, makes it known that he intends to leave the city on a diplomatic mission."
}
] |
cL11VDBVN8qv7nmL296u
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | In popular culture",
"text": "Thomas Pynchon's early short-story, \"Mortality and Mercy in Vienna\", takes its title from a verse in this play, and has also been inspired by it."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | In popular culture",
"text": "Joyce Carol Oates' short story \" In the Region of Ice\" contains the dialog between Claudio and his sister, and also parallels the same plea with the student, Allen Weinstein, and his teacher, Sister Irene."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Duke then proposes marriage to Isabella."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "A sub-plot concerns Claudio's friend Lucio, who frequently slanders the duke to the friar, and in the last act slanders the friar to the duke, providing opportunities for comic consternation on Vincentio's part and landing Lucio in trouble when it is revealed that the duke and the friar are one and the same."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "This main plot concludes with the 'return' to Vienna of the Duke as himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Vincentio, the Duke of Vienna, makes it known that he intends to leave the city on a diplomatic mission."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Duke pretends not to heed the women's petition, and—only after revealing that Claudio has not, in fact, been executed—relents."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film adaptations",
"text": "It stars Josephine Rogers as Isabella, Daniel Roberts as Angelo, and Simon Phillips as the Duke."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Eventually, the friar is revealed to be the Duke, thereby exposing Angelo as a liar and Isabella and Mariana as truthful."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Duke first attempts to arrange the execution of another prisoner whose head can be sent instead of Claudio's."
}
] |
The story is about a Duke from England.
| 0 | 0 |
Measure for Measure
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Mazarin probably calculated that the King would be too embarrassed to take all of his mentor's and chief Minister's wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The King waited for three days, then refused to accept it."
}
] |
cL2ZiO7zmyHJOFFAG7t1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Knowing that his enemies at court were telling Louis XIV that he was taking money that belonged rightfully to the King, his first will, which he made public, cleverly left all of his fortune to Louis XIV."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "The Queen was at this time pregnant with her second child, and it was already anticipated that she would be the regent when King Louis XIII died."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "However, he did not send Mazarin on the mission that he most wanted, as delegate of France to a Europe-wide peace conference."
},
{
"section_header": "Educator of Louis XIV",
"text": "From the eighth birthday of the young Louis XIV, Mazarin took the title \"Superinendent of the Royal Education\" and managed every aspect of the young King's studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal Envoy",
"text": "In December 1638, when a sitting Cardinal died, Mazarin was nominated as a Cardinal."
},
{
"section_header": "Educator of Louis XIV",
"text": "Mazarin's instructions, Louis XIV continued to correspond with Mazarin's niece Marie, with the tacit collusion of his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Educator of Louis XIV",
"text": "Beginning in 1659, as the King reached the age of twenty-one, and Mazarin approached the end of his life, he wrote a series of guidelines in political affairs for the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "The destruction of the conspiracy against the King was one of the last acts of Cardinal Richelieu."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "He fell ill and died on 4 December 1642."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "had already prepared several wills."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Mazarin probably calculated that the King would be too embarrassed to take all of his mentor's and chief Minister's wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The King waited for three days, then refused to accept it."
}
] |
Cardinal Mazarin definitely wanted King Louis XIV to have all of his fortune after he died, and so put it in the first part of his will.
| 0 | 4 |
Cardinal Mazarin
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A pitcher, Glavine played in Major League Baseball for the Atlanta Braves (1987–2002, 2008), and New York Mets (2003–2007)."
}
] |
cLTa6Hw0rrd3YwoAgfnP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Glavine won four Silver Slugger Awards, ranking him second all-time for pitchers behind Mike Hampton, while being the most among Cy Young Award Winners and Hall of Famer pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Like longtime Atlanta teammate Greg Maddux, Glavine was one of the better-hitting pitchers of his generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "Glavine is the 23rd pitcher to win 300 games, and the fifth left-handed pitcher to do so, joining Eddie Plank, Lefty Grove, Warren Spahn, and Steve Carlton. (Randy Johnson won his 300th game on June 4, 2009, becoming the 24th pitcher and 6th left-hander to do so)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Despite being a left-handed pitcher, Glavine was often more effective against right-handed batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Because Glavine got on base almost a quarter of the time he came at bat, opposing pitchers were never able to treat him as an automatic out in the lineup."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A pitcher, Glavine played in Major League Baseball for the Atlanta Braves (1987–2002, 2008), and New York Mets (2003–2007)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "According to the pitcher, \"Doctors... picked something up when they did the ultrasound."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With 164 victories during the 1990s, Glavine earned the second highest number of wins as a pitcher in the National League, second only to teammate Greg Maddux's 176."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "Glavine's turnaround helped him earn National League Pitcher of the Month in September."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "He had a good eye, drawing a high number of walks (for a pitcher), which combined with his hits"
}
] |
Glavine was a pitcher for the Giants.
| 0 | 0 |
Tom Glavine
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Opening",
"text": "The London Eye was formally opened by the Prime Minister Tony Blair on 31 December 1999, but did not open to the paying public until 9 March 2000 because of a capsule clutch problem."
}
] |
cLi5dkUwWP2VZDsuIJol
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Design and construction",
"text": "Once the wheel was complete it was lifted into an upright position by a strand jack system made by Enerpac."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When it opened to the public in 2000 it was the world's tallest Ferris wheel."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Opening",
"text": "The London Eye was formally opened by the Prime Minister Tony Blair on 31 December 1999, but did not open to the paying public until 9 March 2000 because of a capsule clutch problem."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Opening",
"text": "The London Eye was originally intended as a temporary attraction, with a five-year lease."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and branding",
"text": "In January 2011, a lighting-up ceremony marked the start of a three-year deal between EDF Energy and Merlin Entertainments."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial difficulties",
"text": "The lease agreement meant that the South Bank Centre, a publicly funded charity, would receive at least £500,000 a year from the attraction, the status of which is secured for the foreseeable future."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial difficulties",
"text": "The South Bank Centre and the British Airways London Eye agreed on a 25-year lease on 8 February 2006 after a judicial review over the rent dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and branding",
"text": "On 14 November 2019 it was announced that lastminute.com would be the sponsor starting in February 2020, replacing Coca-Cola and that the wheel would be lit in the lastminute.com hot pink brand corporate colours for three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial difficulties",
"text": "On 20 May 2005, there were reports of a leaked letter showing that the South Bank Centre (SBC)—owners of part of the land on which the struts of the Eye are located—had served a notice to quit on the attraction along with a demand for an increase in rent from £64,000 per year to £2.5 million, which the operators rejected as unaffordable."
}
] |
It was completed before the year 2000.
| 0 | 0 |
London Eye
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Design",
"text": "Three years later, in 1836, after they had raised $28,000 in donations (equivalent to $1,000,000 in 2018), they announced a competition for the design of the memorial."
}
] |
cLmoetN2YOHFOA6XAwVO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Design",
"text": "That year a large group of citizens formed the Washington National Monument Society."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Design",
"text": "Three years later, in 1836, after they had raised $28,000 in donations (equivalent to $1,000,000 in 2018), they announced a competition for the design of the memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "At completion, it was the tallest building in the world, until the Eiffel Tower was completed four years later in Paris in 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Donations run out",
"text": "With the Know-Nothing Party disintegrating and unable to secure contributions for the monument, it surrendered its possession of the monument to the original Society three and a half years later on October 20, 1858."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Resumption",
"text": "In four years, it was completed, with the 100-ounce (2.83 kg) aluminum apex/lightning-rod being put in place on December 6, 1884."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Design",
"text": "Mills' Baltimore monument with cornerstone laid and construction begun the following year of 1815, was however later simplified to a plain column shaft with a statue of a toga-clad Washington at the top when it was completed in 1829, but moved because of its height to the then rural hills north beyond the waterfront town awaiting the city's growth to catch up."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "After the elevator that had been used to raise building materials was altered to carry passengers, the number of visitors grew rapidly, and an average of 55,000 people per month were going to the top by 1888, only three years after its completion and dedication."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Design",
"text": "Progress toward a memorial finally began in 1833."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Design",
"text": "The society held a competition for designs in 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Excavation and initial construction",
"text": "Construction of the monument finally began three years later in 1848 with the excavation of the site, the laying of the cornerstone on the prepared bed, and laying the original foundation around and on top of the cornerstone, before the construction of its massive walls began the next year."
}
] |
The Washington Monument Society was started in 1833 with the design being completed three years later.
| 2 | 6 |
Washington Monument
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "After his mother's death in 1872, he was sent (at age 6), together with his younger brother, Conrad, back to Honfleur to live with his paternal grandparents."
}
] |
cMFf7L5myAzsfqkQaWK0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "After six months she moved away, leaving Satie broken-hearted."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Writings",
"text": "Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Collected Writings of Erik Satie (Serpent's Tail; Atlas Arkhive, No 5, 1997) ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Erik was born at Honfleur in Normandy; his childhood home there is now open to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "There is a tiny stone monument designating a grassy area in front of an apartment building – 'Parc Erik Satie'."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "Satie's last compositions were two 1924 ballets."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Erik Satie was born on 17 May 1866, the son of Alfred Satie and his wife Jane Leslie (née Anton), who was born in London to Scottish parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "After his death, Satie's friends discovered an apartment replete with squalor and chaos."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "The two did not marry, but Valadon moved to a room next to Satie's at the Rue Cortot."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "One of Satie's own compositions of that period, Vexations, was to remain undisclosed until after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [eʁik sati]; 17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "After his mother's death in 1872, he was sent (at age 6), together with his younger brother, Conrad, back to Honfleur to live with his paternal grandparents."
}
] |
Erik Satie's mom passed away when he was a teenager.
| 0 | 0 |
Erik Satie
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mars is accompanied by his band, The Hooligans, who play a variety of instruments, such as electric guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, drums, and horns, and also serve as backup singers and dancers."
}
] |
cMLx8BxydLkzV3eQLpug
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2010: Production work and It's Better If You Don't Understand",
"text": "During this time, Mars played cover songs around Los Angeles in a band called Sex Panther with Bhasker and Eric Hernandez (Mars's brother), who eventually became the drummer of Mars's main band, The Hooligans."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "Mars's brother, Eric, has continuously served as the drummer for his backup band, The Hooligans."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1985–2003: Early life and musical beginnings",
"text": "\" When he attended President Theodore Roosevelt High School in Honolulu he sang in a group called The School Boys, who did several shows including opening for Mars's father new band."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Showmanship",
"text": "Mars's concerts feature The Hooligans, a band that includes a guitarist, bassist, drummer, keyboardist, and a horn section."
},
{
"section_header": "The Hooligans – Band members",
"text": "Current membersBruno Mars – lead vocals, guitar (2010–present) Phredley Brown – keyboard (2010–2012), lead guitar (2012–present), backing vocals (2010–present) Current membersBruno Mars – lead vocals, guitar (2010–present) Phredley Brown – keyboard (2010–2012), lead guitar (2012–present), backing vocals (2010–present) Jamareo Artis – bass guitar Current membersBruno Mars – lead vocals, guitar (2010–present) Phredley Brown – keyboard (2010–2012), lead guitar (2012–present), backing vocals (2010–present) Current membersBruno Mars – lead vocals, guitar (2010–present) Phredley Brown – keyboard (2010–2012), lead guitar (2012–present), backing vocals (2010–present) Jamareo Artis – bass guitar (2010–present) Eric Hernandez – drums (2010–present) Kameron Whalum – trombone (2010–present),"
},
{
"section_header": "The Hooligans – Band members",
"text": "backing vocals (2018–present) Dwayne Dugger – saxophone (2010–present), keyboards (2017–present) James King – trumpet (2010–present),"
},
{
"section_header": "The Hooligans – Band members",
"text": "backing vocals (2018–present) John Fossit – keyboard (2012–present)Former membersKenji Chan – lead guitar (2010–2012) Philip Lawrence – backing vocals (2010–2018)Timeline"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Showmanship",
"text": "Mars's shows feature all-band choreographed dancing arrangements, which include footwork that is inspired by James Brown and the splits."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Showmanship",
"text": "The Doo-Wops & Hooligans Tour, Ara Jansan from The West Australian called the performance \"one of the most creative and exciting displays of musical artistry"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Showmanship",
"text": "Kevin Johnson of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch called Mars a \"consummate performer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mars is accompanied by his band, The Hooligans, who play a variety of instruments, such as electric guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, drums, and horns, and also serve as backup singers and dancers."
}
] |
Mars' band is called The Hooligans.
| 0 | 8 |
Bruno Mars
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boxer Rebellion (拳亂), Boxer Uprising, or Yihetuan Movement (義和團運動) was an anti-imperialist, anti-foreign, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty."
}
] |
cMgswxao6H89qTfc5U5f
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Seymour Expedition",
"text": "Unexpectedly they then happened upon the Great Xigu Arsenal, a hidden Qing munitions cache of which the Allied Powers had had no knowledge until then."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian invasion of Manchuria",
"text": "The Chinese Honghuzi bandits of Manchuria, who had fought alongside the Boxers in the war, did not stop when the Boxer rebellion was over, and continued guerrilla warfare against the Russian occupation up to the Russo-Japanese war when the Russians were defeated by Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences",
"text": "Russia was ultimately defeated by an increasingly confident Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "France gained influence of Yunnan, most of Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, Japan over Fujian province."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences",
"text": "After taking Manchuria in 1905, Japan came to dominate Asian affairs both militarily and culturally with many of the Chinese scholars also educated in Japan with the most prominent example being Sun Yat-Sen who would later found the Nationalist movement of the Kuomintang in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences",
"text": "Prior to the final defeat of the Boxer Rebellion, all anti-Qing movements in the previous century, such as the Taiping Rebellion, had been successfully suppressed by the Qing."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian invasion of Manchuria",
"text": "The rise of Japan as an Asian power provoked Russia's anxiety, especially in light of expanding Japanese influence in Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "The international force suffered its heaviest casualties of the Boxer Rebellion in the Battle of Tianjin."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "In the U.S. military, the action in the Boxer Rebellion was known as the China Relief Expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminology",
"text": "The historian Lanxin Xiang refers to the \"so called 'Boxer Rebellion,'\" and explains that \"while peasant rebellion was nothing new in Chinese history, a war against the world's most powerful states was."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boxer Rebellion (拳亂), Boxer Uprising, or Yihetuan Movement (義和團運動) was an anti-imperialist, anti-foreign, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty."
}
] |
The Boxer Rebellion happened in Japan.
| 0 | 0 |
Boxer Rebellion
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922."
}
] |
cMqSzlKsKAHpXLvPvyym
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cover art",
"text": "The cover was completed before the novel, and Fitzgerald was so enamored with it that he told his publisher he had \"written it into\" the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many literary critics consider The Great Gatsby to be one of the greatest novels ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "By mid-1923, Fitzgerald had written 18,000 words for his novel, but discarded most of his new story as a false start."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": "Hindus argued that the Jewish stereotypes displayed by Wolfsheim were typical of the time period in which the novel was written and set, and that its anti-Semitism was of the \"habitual, customary, 'harmless,' unpolitical variety."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Class inequality",
"text": "Americans living in the 1920s to the present are thus defined by their fluctuating economic and social circumstances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Fitzgerald uses many of these 1920s societal developments to tell his story, from simple details such as petting in automobiles to broader themes such as Fitzgerald's discreet allusions to bootlegging as the source of Gatsby's fortune."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Her name is a play on the two popular automobile brands, the Jordan Motor Car Company and the Baker Motor Vehicle, both of Cleveland, Ohio, alluding to Jordan's \"fast\" reputation and the new freedom presented to Americans, especially women, in the 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He also serves as the first-person narrator of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Her choice between Gatsby and Tom is one of the central conflicts in the novel."
}
] |
The novel wa written in 1920.
| 2 | 4 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas's original Star Wars trilogy; for the original 1977 film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards."
}
] |
cNibX0gZfSoRJGXQP9Yy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film career | Star Wars",
"text": "Guinness said in a 1999 interview that it was actually his idea to kill off Obi-Wan, persuading Lucas that it would make him a stronger character and that Lucas agreed to the idea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Alec Guinness, (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Television appearances",
"text": "Guinness reprised the role in Smiley's People (1982), and twice won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the character."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Guinness is said to have avoided publicity by giving his name to police and court as \"Herbert Pocket\", the name of the character he played in Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career",
"text": "In films, Guinness was initially associated mainly with the Ealing Comedies, and particularly for playing nine characters in Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949)."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographies and biography | Box office ranking in Britain",
"text": "1951 : most popular British star (5th overall) 1952: 3rd most popular British star 1953: 2nd most popular British star 1954: 6th most popular British star 1955: 10th most popular British star 1956: 8th most popular British star 1958: most popular star"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas's original Star Wars trilogy; for the original 1977 film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Guinness was born Alec Guinness de Cuffe at 155 Lauderdale Mansions South, Lauderdale Road, Maida Vale in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographies and biography | Box office ranking in Britain",
"text": "1959 : 2nd most popular British star 1960: 4th most popular star"
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Star Wars",
"text": "\"Guinness soon became unhappy with being identified with the part and expressed dismay at the fan following that the Star Wars trilogy attracted."
}
] |
Alec Guinness is not the creator of Guinness, a dark Irish dry stout, but was actually an actor who played a character in a popular movie trilogy.
| 1 | 2 |
Alec Guinness
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Shaw despised the result, calling it \"a putrid opéra bouffe in the worst taste of 1860\", but grew to regret not accepting payment when, despite his opinion of the work, it became a lucrative international success."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "When Shaw gave Leopold Jacobson the rights to adapt the play into what became the operetta The Chocolate Soldier (1908) with music by Oscar Straus, he provided three conditions: none of Shaw's dialogue nor any of his character's names could be used, the libretto must be advertised as a parody of Shaw's work, and Shaw would accept no monetary compensation."
}
] |
cNvfJ8h2zUMxtXjRtQXZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "George Orwell said that Arms and the Man was written when Shaw was at the height of his powers as a dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A filmed version of Arms and the Man in German entitled Helden (Heroes) starring O. W. Fischer and Liselotte Pulver was runner up for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1932 British film adaptation was directed by Cecil Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "When Shaw gave Leopold Jacobson the rights to adapt the play into what became the operetta The Chocolate Soldier (1908) with music by Oscar Straus, he provided three conditions: none of Shaw's dialogue nor any of his character's names could be used, the libretto must be advertised as a parody of Shaw's work, and Shaw would accept no monetary compensation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man was one of Shaw's first commercial successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "Marlon Brando's final stage appearance was in Arms and the Man in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"It is probably the wittiest play he ever wrote, the most flawless technically, and in spite of being a very light comedy, the most telling.\" Orwell says that Arms and the Man wears well"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "When Shaw heard, in 1921, that Franz Lehár wanted to set his play Pygmalion to music, he sent word to Vienna that Lehár be instructed that he could not touch Pygmalion without infringing Shaw's copyright and that Shaw had \"no intention of allowing the history of The Chocolate Soldier to be repeated."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": ", New York put on a production of Arms and the Man in 1983 with Kelsey Grammer as Sergius."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Shaw despised the result, calling it \"a putrid opéra bouffe in the worst taste of 1860\", but grew to regret not accepting payment when, despite his opinion of the work, it became a lucrative international success."
}
] |
George Bernard Shaw did not like the film adaptation of his play Arms and the Man.
| 0 | 0 |
Arms and the Man
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On 2 July 1915, Díaz died in exile in Paris, France."
}
] |
cOU6qnF88odKznsjUEL8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Porfirio Díaz was the sixth of seven children, baptized on 15 September 1830, in Oaxaca, Mexico, but his actual date of birth is unknown."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He and his family went into European exile after Díaz's resignation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the Federal Army suffered a number of military defeats against the forces supporting Madero, Díaz was forced to resign in May 1911 and went into exile in Paris, where he died four years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Economic development under Díaz",
"text": "The Porfiriato thus generated a stark contrast between rapid economic growth and sudden, severe impoverishment of the rural masses, a situation that was to explode in the Mexican revolution of 1910.During 1883–1894, laws were passed to give fewer and fewer people large amounts of land, which was taken away from people by bribing local judges to declare it vacant or unoccupied (terrenos baldíos)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Díaz kept his brother's son Félix Díaz away from political or military power."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "That same year, Díaz met Benito Juárez, who became governor of Oaxaca in 1847, a former student there."
},
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "Important legislation changing rights to land and subsoil rights, and to encourage immigration and colonization by U.S. nations was passed during the González presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "1910 election",
"text": "Díaz was forced to resign from office on 25 May 1911 and left the country for Spain six days later, on 31 May 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Early opposition political career",
"text": "When Juárez became the president of Mexico in 1868 and began to restore peace, Díaz resigned his military command and went home to Oaxaca."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His only son to survive to adulthood, Porfirio Díaz Ortega, known as \"Porfirito,\" trained to be an officer at the military academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On 2 July 1915, Díaz died in exile in Paris, France."
}
] |
Porfirio passed away in Madrid years after his resignation.
| 2 | 4 |
Porfirio Diaz
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play is about a former prostitute, now a madam (brothel proprietor), who attempts to come to terms with her disapproving daughter."
}
] |
cPJK0L22Fi8FARFxgwI8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1893, and first performed in London in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1960 German film adaption, Mrs. Warren's Profession, starred Lilli Palmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "in which she justifies herself, is only a paraphrase of a scene in a novel of my own, Cashel Byron's Profession (hence the title, Mrs Warren's Profession), in which a prize-fighter shows how he was driven into the ring exactly as Mrs. Warren was driven on the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Sir George Crofts: Mrs. Warren's business partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Vivie Warren: Mrs. Warren's daughter, recently graduated from university with honours."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Shaw said he wrote the play \"to draw attention to the truth that prostitution is caused, not by female depravity and male licentiousness, but simply by underpaying, undervaluing and overworking women so shamefully that the poorest of them are forced to resort to prostitution to keep body and soul together."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Sir Harry Johnston wrote a sequel, a novel entitled Mrs. Warren's Daughter, circa 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel Cashel Byron's Profession, about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mrs. Warren successfully justifies to her daughter how she chose her particular profession in order to support her daughter and give her the opportunities she never had."
},
{
"section_header": "Vivie's character and the changing role of women",
"text": "Frank flirts with both Mrs. Warren and Vivie; Mrs. Warren's companion Sir George Crofts proposes marriage to Vivie despite his relationship with her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play is about a former prostitute, now a madam (brothel proprietor), who attempts to come to terms with her disapproving daughter."
}
] |
Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play about a female doctor.
| 0 | 0 |
Mrs. Warren's Profession
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 15,600,000 km2 (6,000,000 sq mi) and 62 million people, making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world."
}
] |
cPWqjKpGOozfa9SdXH2F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Later Marwanid period | Caliphate of Hisham and end of expansion",
"text": "The problem of the rights of non-Arab Muslims would continue to plague the Umayyads."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Sufyanid period | Caliphate of Mu'awiya",
"text": "These long-established, formerly Christian Arab tribes in Syria, having been integrated into the military of the Byzantine Empire and their Ghassanid client kings, were \"more accustomed to order and obedience\" than their Iraqi counterparts, according to the historian Julius Wellhausen."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Theological view of the Umayyads | Sunni",
"text": "He is therefore praised as one of the greatest Muslim rulers after the four Rightly Guided Caliphs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 15,600,000 km2 (6,000,000 sq mi) and 62 million people, making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical significance",
"text": "According to one common view, the Umayyads transformed the caliphate from a religious institution (during the Rashidun caliphate) to a dynastic one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Early influence",
"text": "One of the appointees was Yazid, the son of Abu Sufyan, who owned property and maintained trade networks in Syria."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later Marwanid period | Abbasid Revolution and fall",
"text": "Previté-Orton also argues that the feud between Syria and Iraq further weakened the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Social organization | Non-Muslims",
"text": "Although non-Muslims could not hold the highest public offices in the empire, they held many bureaucratic positions within the government."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later Marwanid period | Abbasid Revolution and fall",
"text": "In a claim unrecognized outside of al-Andalus, he maintained that the Umayyad Caliphate, the true, authentic caliphate, more legitimate than the Abbasids, was continued through him in Córdoba."
}
] |
The Umayyad Caliphate continued overthrowing Muslims and Syria and established one of the biggest empires in history.
| 0 | 0 |
Umayyad Caliphate
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He and Sonny are among the meager group attending the final screening at the movie house, which is closing that day (the \"last picture show\" is Red River, a western set in Texas starring John Wayne)."
}
] |
cPkyV9II1A71GSAKfkc8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "One day while waiting in a cashier's line in a drugstore, he happened to look at the rack of paperbacks and his eye fell on an interesting title, The Last Picture Show."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He and Sonny are among the meager group attending the final screening at the movie house, which is closing that day (the \"last picture show\" is Red River, a western set in Texas starring John Wayne)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Picture Show is a 1971 American drama film directed and co-written by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a semi-autobiographical 1966 novel The Last Picture Show by Larry McMurtry."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Red River, significantly, is the movie, indeed the last picture show, that Sonny and Duane watch at the end of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In April 2011, The Last Picture Show was re-released in UK and Irish cinemas, distributed by Park Circus."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Texasville, the 1990 sequel to The Last Picture Show, based on McMurtry's 1987 novel of the same name, was also directed by Bogdanovich, from his own screenplay, without McMurtry this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "The Last Picture Show received critical acclaim and maintains a 100% rating at review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 55 critics, with a rating average of 9.12/10."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Stephen King's novel Lisey's Story makes repeated references to The Last Picture Show as the main character Scott Landon frequently watches the film throughout the novel during flashbacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Director's cut",
"text": "and she says \" and she says \" What a night. I never thought this would happen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1951 Sonny Crawford and Duane Jackson are high-school seniors and friends in Anarene, Texas, a small declining northern Texas town."
}
] |
The Last Picture Show happens in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
The Last Picture Show
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey (; Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia; Attic Greek: [o.dýs.sej.ja]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer."
}
] |
cQsHkcXwMhJy27lyEFa4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad, the other Homeric epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Escape to the Phaeacians",
"text": "The second part of the epic recounts the story of Odysseus."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "All ancient and nearly all modern editions and translations of the Odyssey are divided into 24 books."
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture | Literature",
"text": "Omeros (1991), an epic poem by Derek Walcott, is in part a retelling of the Odyssey, set on the Caribbean island of St. Lucia."
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture | Literature",
"text": "The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel, which was first published in 1938 in modern Greek."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey has a lost sequel, the Telegony, which was not attributed to Homer, but rather, in antiquity, to Cinaethon of Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences on the Odyssey",
"text": "Martin West has noted substantial parallels between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Odyssey."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "Book 22: Mnesterophonia ('slaughter of the suitors'; Mnesteres, 'suitors' + phónos, 'slaughter').Book 22 concludes the Greek Epic Cycle, though fragments remain of the \"alternative ending\" of sorts known as the Telegony."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "The Telegony aside, the last 548 lines of the Odyssey, corresponding to Book 24, are believed by many scholars to have been added by a slightly later poet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey (; Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia; Attic Greek: [o.dýs.sej.ja]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer."
}
] |
The Odyssey is one epic book that is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad.
| 2 | 5 |
Odyssey
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During World War II, Kennedy served from 1943 to 1945 in the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) making aviation training films, both as a narrator and an actor."
}
] |
cQtoFJkxJhmUgW4655ce
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Kennedy moved to New York City and, billed as John Kennedy, joined the Group Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Many of those films serve as historical records of how aviators were trained and flight equipment was operated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Arthur Kennedy (February 17, 1914 – January 5, 1990) was an American stage and film actor known for his versatility in supporting film roles and his ability to create \"an exceptional honesty and naturalness on stage\", especially in the original casts of Arthur Miller plays on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During World War II, Kennedy served from 1943 to 1945 in the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) making aviation training films, both as a narrator and an actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1949, Kennedy won a Tony Award for best supporting actor as Biff in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman at the Morosco Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also enjoyed a distinguished stage career over the same period, receiving a Tony Award for his role of Biff Loman in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman (1949)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Kennedy appeared in many notable films from the early 1940s through mid-1960s, including High Sierra, Champion"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He appeared in many Western films and police dramas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His first film role was of Cagney's younger brother in City for Conquest in 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Kennedy was born on February 17, 1914, in Worcester, Massachusetts, the son of Helen (née Thompson) and John Timothy \"J.T.\" Kennedy, a dentist."
}
] |
Arthur Kennedy joined the military and filmed training videos.
| 1 | 5 |
Arthur Kennedy
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star."
}
] |
cRQGa4vURyQ0R18X4YVs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Citizen Kane was edited by Robert Wise and assistant editor Mark Robson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Citizen Kane is particularly praised for Gregg Toland's cinematography, Robert Wise's editing, Bernard Herrmann's music, and its narrative structure, all of which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Hearst's response",
"text": "For to most of the several hundred people who have seen the film at private screenings, Citizen Kane is the most sensational product of the U.S. movie industry.\" A second press screening occurred in April."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Sound",
"text": "François Truffaut wrote that \"Before Kane, nobody in Hollywood knew how to set music properly in movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence",
"text": "The amount of respect that movie has is"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence",
"text": "\" The film's use of overlapping dialogue has influenced the films of Robert Altman and Carol Reed."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "\"Welles gave Wise detailed instructions and was usually not present during the film's editing."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Re-evaluation",
"text": "They ask, 'What's your favorite movie?'"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Wise was hired after Welles finished shooting the \"camera tests\" and began officially making the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Wise said that Welles \"had an older editor assigned to him for those tests and evidently he was not too happy and asked to have somebody else."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star."
}
] |
Citizen Kane is a movie by Robert Wise.
| 0 | 0 |
Citizen Kane
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the Federal Army suffered a number of military defeats against the forces supporting Madero, Díaz was forced to resign in May 1911 and went into exile in Paris, where he died four years later."
}
] |
cRiCPqHKKxvAgyREgwCS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1880, he stepped down and his political ally Manuel González was elected president, serving from 1880 to 1884."
},
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "Díaz stepped down from the presidency, with his ally, General Manuel González, one of the trustworthy members of his political network (camarilla), elected president in a fully constitutional manner."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Porfirio Díaz was the sixth of seven children, baptized on 15 September 1830, in Oaxaca, Mexico, but his actual date of birth is unknown."
},
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "Important legislation changing rights to land and subsoil rights, and to encourage immigration and colonization by U.S. nations was passed during the González presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Becoming president and first term, 1876–80",
"text": "In November 1876, Díaz occupied Mexico City, and Lerdo left Mexico for exile in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "His first goal was to establish peace throughout Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration 1884–1896",
"text": "Diaz expanded the crack police force, the Rurales, who were under control of the president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; Spanish: [poɾˈfiɾjo ði.as]; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880 and from 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration 1884–1896",
"text": "Not long after he became president, the governors of all federal states in Mexico answered directly to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Becoming president and first term, 1876–80",
"text": "In 1878, the U.S. government recognized the Díaz regime and former U.S. president and Civil War hero Ulysses S. Grant visited Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the Federal Army suffered a number of military defeats against the forces supporting Madero, Díaz was forced to resign in May 1911 and went into exile in Paris, where he died four years later."
}
] |
Porfirio Diaz passed away in Mexico 4 years after he was stepped down as President of Mexico.
| 2 | 6 |
Porfirio Diaz
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known for her portrayal of complicated women in dramas, Burstyn is the recipient of various accolades, and is among the few performers to have won the Triple Crown of Acting."
}
] |
cRtgbtDJTAVsJIVfM4E0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Detroit, Michigan, Burstyn left school and worked as a dancer and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known for her portrayal of complicated women in dramas, Burstyn is the recipient of various accolades, and is among the few performers to have won the Triple Crown of Acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Burstyn was born Edna Rae Gillooly in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Correine Marie (née Hamel) and John Austin Gillooly."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon afterwards, Burstyn worked as a dancer, and then a model until the age of 23."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ellen Burstyn (born Edna Rae Gillooly; December 7, 1932) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–2005: Television films and continued success",
"text": "A variety of acting performances followed suit, including in the dramas Hanna's War (1987),"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1958–1970: Early work",
"text": "She was credited as Ellen McRae until 1967, when she and her then-husband Neil Nephew both changed their surname to Burstyn, and she began to be credited as Ellen Burstyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1958–1970: Early work",
"text": "In 1975, she won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for her performance in the comedy Same Time, Next Year, a role in which she would reprise in a film adaptation in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1997, Burstyn was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Burstyn, Ellen (2006). Lessons in Becoming Myself."
}
] |
Ellen Burstyn was born in Detroit, Michigan, left school and worked as a dancer and model, and is among the few performers to have won the Triple Crown of Acting.
| 0 | 0 |
Ellen Burstyn
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record (along with the Ping An Finance Center) of having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m. It had the world's second-fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 metres per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017, when it was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, with a top speed of 21 metres per second (76 km/h; 47 mph)."
}
] |
cRyj9poRnehT0oOnxYO5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "These were blamed on ground subsidence, which was likely caused by excessive groundwater extraction in the Shanghai area, rather than by the weight of the Shanghai Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Planning and funding",
"text": "The first of these, the Jin Mao Tower, was completed in 1999; the adjacent Shanghai World Financial Centre (SWFC) opened in 2008.The Shanghai Tower is owned by Yeti Construction and Development, a consortium of state-owned development companies which includes Shanghai Chengtou Corp., Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co., and Shanghai Construction Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower is the winner of Tien-yow Jeme Civil Engineering Prize of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower joins the Jin Mao Tower and SWFC to form the world's first adjacent grouping of three supertall buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The main construction contractor for the project was Shanghai Construction Group, a member of the consortium that owns the tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower (Chinese: 上海中心大厦; pinyin: Shànghǎi Zhōngxīn Dàshà; Shanghainese: Zånhe Tsonshin Dasa; lit.: 'Shanghai Center Building') is a 632-metre (2,073 ft), 128-story megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower was designed by the American architectural firm Gensler, with Shanghainese architect Jun Xia leading the design team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai city government, it is the tallest of the world's first triple-adjacent supertall buildings in Pudong, the other two being the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Sustainability",
"text": "This reduced the amount of construction materials needed; the Shanghai Tower used 25% less structural steel than a conventional design of a similar height."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "During the ceremony, Gensler co-founder Art Gensler stated: The Shanghai Tower represents a new way of defining and creating cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record (along with the Ping An Finance Center) of having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m. It had the world's second-fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 metres per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017, when it was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, with a top speed of 21 metres per second (76 km/h; 47 mph)."
}
] |
The Shanghai Tower has the Earth's 3rd speediest cable box lift.
| 0 | 0 |
Shanghai Tower
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the calendar year 2018, it was the 12th busiest airport in the world and 6th busiest airport in Asia by passenger traffic handling nearly 70 million passengers."
}
] |
cS0eUg6jf8VudzCw5udK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jewar Airport is being planned to offset the load of Indira Gandhi International Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the calendar year 2018, it was the 12th busiest airport in the world and 6th busiest airport in Asia by passenger traffic handling nearly 70 million passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Indira Gandhi International Airport (IATA: DEL, ICAO: VIDP) serves as the major international aviation hub of the Indian capital city of New Delhi as well as India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Named after former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi, it is the busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic since 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International."
},
{
"section_header": "Accidents and Incidents",
"text": "1990An Air India Boeing 747 flying on the London-Delhi-Mumbai route and carrying 215 people (195 passengers and 20 crew) touched down at Indira Gandhi International Airport after a flight from London Heathrow Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2010, IGIA was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "With the inauguration of this new international terminal, Terminal 2, on 2 May 1986, the airport was renamed as Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA).The old domestic airport (Palam) is known as Terminal 1 and was divided into separate buildings- 1A, 1B, and 1C. Blocks 1A and 1B used to handle international operations while domestic operations took place in 1C. Today, block 1A became a dedicated terminal for domestic Air India, which is now demolished."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delhi Airport was awarded The Best Airport in Central Asia and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Palam Airport had been built during World War II as RAF Station Palam and after the British left, it served as an Air Force Station for the Indian Air Force."
}
] |
Indira Gandhi International Airport was the twelfth most busy airport in the world in 2018.
| 2 | 5 |
Indira Gandhi International Airport
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In 2019, following the death of Tony Stark in the film, a statue depicting the character in his Iron Man armor was erected in Forte dei Marmi, Italy."
}
] |
cS538c6vY0tChPw6cPcL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "It's a good death. It doesn't feel like a tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "This was Moore's final film before his death in August 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Markus explained that the character's early death \"reinforced Thanos' agenda."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The New York Times reviewer A. O. Scott gave the film a positive though guarded review, stating, \"Endgame is a monument to adequacy, a fitting capstone to an enterprise that figured out how to be good enough for enough people enough of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Stark refuses, thinking about his wife, Pepper Potts, and daughter, Morgan, but relents after musing on the death of Peter Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "I would say it's going to be two distinct movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "We wanted to be able to focus and shoot one movie and then focus and shoot another movie.\" Anthony Russo originally felt it made more sense to shoot the films simultaneously due to financial and logistical reasons considering the large number of cast members, and had suggested that \"some days we'll be shooting the first movie and some days we'll be shooting the second movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "They felt that his death was earned after granting him \"the perfect retirement life,\" adding, \"That's the life he's been striving for... They got married, they had a kid, it was great."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Screenwriters Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely knew that Stark's death was inevitable both as a \"[move] to selflessness\" and as an end to the \"chapter\" Stark started."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Some have noted the film as a notable improvement over its predecessor, Avengers: Infinity War, such as Brian Tallerico of RogerEbert.com, who stated that Endgame is \"a more patient, focused film [than Infinity War], even as its plot draws in elements of a dozen other movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In 2019, following the death of Tony Stark in the film, a statue depicting the character in his Iron Man armor was erected in Forte dei Marmi, Italy."
}
] |
There is an Iron-Man monument in Paris to honor the superhero's death in the Avengers movie
| 3 | 3 |
Avengers: Endgame
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in 1988, and an English translation by William Weaver appeared a year later."
}
] |
cTDJqfiSZdqtUt5p56vL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Trilogy to Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Societies in the novel",
"text": "The following list among the groups that appear in Foucault's Pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "No. In Foucault's Pendulum I wrote the grotesque representation of these kind of people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum (original title: Il pendolo di Foucault"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum is divided into ten segments represented by the ten Sefiroth."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "The Illuminatus! Trilogy was written 13 years before Foucault's Pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum also bears a number of similarities to Eco's own experiences and writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum (1988) has been called \"the thinking man's Da Vinci Code\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Believing Agliè and his associates intend to meet at the museum where Foucault's Pendulum is housed, Casaubon follows them to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Belbo is questioned but he refuses to reveal what he knows, inciting a riot during which Belbo is hanged from Foucault's Pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in 1988, and an English translation by William Weaver appeared a year later."
}
] |
Foucault's Pendulum was published in 1989.
| 2 | 5 |
Foucault's Pendulum
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A reference (lines 363-372) to the eruption of Mount Aetna in 479 suggests that Prometheus Bound may date from later than this event."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite these doubts about its authorship, the play's designation as Aeschylean has remained conventional."
}
] |
cTV755GxWxhHz8q1PYrm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prometheus Bound (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης, Promētheús Desmṓtēs) is an Ancient Greek tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tragedy is based on the myth of Prometheus, a Titan who defies the gods and gives fire to mankind, acts for which he is subjected to perpetual punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Prometheus Trilogy",
"text": "Not wishing to be overthrown, Zeus would later marry Thetis off to the mortal Peleus; the product of that union will be Achilles, Greek hero of the Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Prometheus Trilogy",
"text": "There is evidence that Prometheus Bound was the first play in a trilogy conventionally called the Prometheia, but the other two plays, Prometheus Unbound and Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, survive only in fragments."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence",
"text": "Prometheus Bound enjoyed a measure of popularity in antiquity."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence",
"text": "Moreover, a performance of the play itself (rather than a depiction of the generic myth) appears on fragments of a Greek vase dated c. 370–360 BC.In"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prometheus Bound was the first work in a trilogy that also included the plays Prometheus Lyomenos (Prometheus Unbound) and Prometheus Pyrphoros (Prometheus the Fire-Bearer), neither of which has survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "Scholars at the Great Library of Alexandria unanimously deemed Aeschylus to be the author of Prometheus Bound."
},
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "Prometheus Bound was then parodied in Cratinus' Seriphioi (c. 423) and Aristophanes' Acharnians (425 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Departures from Hesiod",
"text": "The treatment of the myth of Prometheus in Prometheus Bound is a radical departure from the earlier accounts found in Hesiod's Theogony (511–616) and Works and Days (42–105)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A reference (lines 363-372) to the eruption of Mount Aetna in 479 suggests that Prometheus Bound may date from later than this event."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite these doubts about its authorship, the play's designation as Aeschylean has remained conventional."
}
] |
The person that the Greek tragedy, Prometheus Bound, is given credit to is in question because of a natural disaster that is referenced in the tragedy.
| 2 | 6 |
Prometheus Bound
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | California Angels",
"text": "The 1985 season was his last."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Carew served as a coach for the Angels and the Milwaukee Brewers."
}
] |
cTa0CCwLwqKp2NxdfBha
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | California Angels",
"text": "Carew was awarded damages equivalent to what he would have likely received in 1986: $782,035.71."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Carew served as a coach for the Angels and the Milwaukee Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Carew's number 29 was retired by the Twins on July 19, 1987, and by the Angels in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Further, Carew became involved in the branding and launching of a Left Ventricular Assist Device wear company, Carew Medical Wear"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On August 4, 1985, Carew became the 16th member of the 3,000 hit club with a single to left field off Frank Viola."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Carew was hired as the Angels' hitting coach on November 5, 1991 and served in a similar capacity with the Milwaukee Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "That kind of discipline made me the player I became.\" There is no evidence that Carew ever formally converted to Judaism, although he wore a chai necklace during his playing days."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Carew recovered sufficiently to take part in the Twins' 2016 spring training as an instructor, coach, and launch the Heart of 29 Campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Carew has also worked at various times as a minor league and spring training hitting and base running coach for the Twins and serves as an international youth baseball instructor for Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rodney Cline Carew (born October 1, 1945) is a Panamanian former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman, second baseman and coach who played from 1967 to 1985 for the Minnesota Twins and the California Angels."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | California Angels",
"text": "The 1985 season was his last."
}
] |
Carew became a coach after 1986.
| 1 | 9 |
Rod Carew
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the third longest surviving ancient wonder (after the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the extant Great Pyramid of Giza), surviving in part until AD 1480, when the last of its remnant stones were used to build the Citadel of Qaitbay on the site."
}
] |
cUIik7bKdVT7xj0OOwHW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Height and description",
"text": "Battuta noted that the wrecked condition of the lighthouse was then only noticeable by the rectangle tower and entrance ramp."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture",
"text": "The lighthouse remains a civic symbol of the city of Alexandria and of the Alexandria Governorate with which the city is more or less coterminous."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture | In literature",
"text": "When he returned in 1349, he \"found that it had fallen into so ruinous a condition that it was impossible to enter it or to climb up to the doorway.\" In Robert Silverberg's science fiction novella Sailing to Byzantium (1985), a culture of the far future recreates ancient cities, full with every detail, among them Alexandria; several episodes of Silverberg's story take place on the rebuilt Pharos."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposed reconstruction",
"text": "In 2015, the Egyptian government and the Alexandria governorate suggested building a skyscraper on the site of the lighthouse as part of the regeneration of the eastern harbour of Alexandria Port."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture | In video games",
"text": "The Lighthouse of Alexandria is a \"Great Building\" available in the web-based game Forge of Empires."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture | In architecture",
"text": "The George Washington Masonic National Memorial, located in Alexandria, Virginia, is fashioned after the ancient Lighthouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture",
"text": "A stylised representation of the lighthouse appears on the flag and seal of the Governorate and on many public services of the city, including the seal of Alexandria University."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture | In video games",
"text": "The lighthouse is featured as a wonder in the 2013 strategy game, Total War: Rome II, where it gives a minor boost to the faction occupying Alexandria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria (; Ancient Greek: ὁ Φάρος τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας, contemporary Koine Greek pronunciation: [ho pʰá.ros teːs a.lek.sandréːaːs]) , was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom, during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280–247 BC), which has been estimated to be at least 100 metres (330 ft) in overall height."
},
{
"section_header": "Height and description",
"text": "Late accounts of the lighthouse after the destruction by the 1303 Crete earthquake include Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan scholar and explorer, who passed through Alexandria in 1326 and 1349."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the third longest surviving ancient wonder (after the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the extant Great Pyramid of Giza), surviving in part until AD 1480, when the last of its remnant stones were used to build the Citadel of Qaitbay on the site."
}
] |
The Lighthouse of Alexandria is still standing and in good condition.
| 4 | 4 |
Lighthouse of Alexandria
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The Tojo family came from the samurai caste, though the Tojos were relatively lowly warrior retainers for the great daimyōs (lords) that they had served for generations."
}
] |
cVB5TBaqxa2ako2Aa5lI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Hideki Tojo was born in the Kōjimachi district of Tokyo on December 30, 1884, as the third son of Hidenori Tojo, a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hideki Tojo (December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a Japanese politician and general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for most of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Under the bakufu, Japanese society was divided rigidly into four castes; the merchants, artisans, peasants and the samurai."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After the Meiji Restoration, the caste system was abolished in 1871, but the former caste distinctions in many ways persisted afterwards, ensuring that those from the former samurai caste continued to enjoy their traditional prestige."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to Prime Minister | Appointment as Prime Minister",
"text": "By tradition, the Emperor needed a consensus among the elder statesmen or \"jushin\" before appointing a prime minister, and as long as former Prime Minister Admiral Keisuke Okada was opposed to Tojo, it would be impolitic for the Emperor to appoint him."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Promotion to Army high command",
"text": "In 1934, Hideki was promoted to major general and served as Chief of the Personnel Department within the Army Ministry."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II",
"text": "Tojo was the Prime Minister, Minister of War and Chief of the Army General Staff, and was seen both in Japan and in the US as, in words of Willmott, \"the embodiment of national determination, hardline nationalism and militarism\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to Prime Minister | Advocacy for preventive war",
"text": "On July 30, 1940, Hideki Tojo was appointed Army Minister in the second Fumimaro Konoe regime and remained in that post in the third Konoe cabinet."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II",
"text": "While Tojo was prime minister, the main forum for military decision-making was the Imperial General Headquarters presided over by the Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to Prime Minister | Decision for war",
"text": "According to Colonel Akiho Ishii, a member of the Army General Staff, the newly appointed Prime Minister showed a true sense of loyalty to the emperor performing this duty."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The Tojo family came from the samurai caste, though the Tojos were relatively lowly warrior retainers for the great daimyōs (lords) that they had served for generations."
}
] |
Former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and general in the Imperial Japanese Army was born into the merchant caste.
| 0 | 0 |
Hideki Tojo
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Wynn married Mabel Allman in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "She was killed in a car accident in 1942."
}
] |
cVUB6Peua3qmDRzXjH0v
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "His wife of 50 years had died five years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wynn died that year in an assisted living facility following heart-related problems and a stroke."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Cleveland Indians (1949–57)",
"text": "Wynn's 17 wins were tied with Turley for fourth in the AL (three pitchers had 18),"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wynn was born January 6, 1920, in Hartford, Alabama, the son of Blanche Wynn and Early Wynn Sr., an automobile mechanic and former semipro baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Chicago White Sox (1958–62)",
"text": "Wynn served as the starting pitcher in the first All-Star Game of the year on July 7, allowing one run in three innings and receiving a no-decision as the National League defeated the AL 5–4."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In the fall of 1944, just after entering the Army, Wynn married his second wife, Lorraine Follin."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1963: The Pursuit of Win #300",
"text": "He failed to win in his first three starts with the Indians that year, and the nine months and seven starts that had elapsed from 1962–63 are still to this day the longest gap between any pitcher's 299th and 300th wins in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was disappointed that he had not received the required votes on his first three ballots, but he was grateful for the honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He moved to an assisted living facility in Venice, Florida, where he died in April 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Cleveland Indians (1949–57)",
"text": "Wynn also surpassed the 100-strikeout mark for the first time, finishing the year with 143."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Wynn married Mabel Allman in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "She was killed in a car accident in 1942."
}
] |
Early Wynn's first wife died three years into their marriage.
| 0 | 0 |
Early Wynn
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian."
}
] |
cVu2DGTZeNhRbbfDEpl1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction | \"Broad Wall\" and \"Narrow Wall\"",
"text": "The curtain wall itself a later connecting road, known as the Military Way"
},
{
"section_header": "Roman-period names",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall was known in the Roman period as the vallum (wall) and the discovery of the Staffordshire Moorlands Pan in Staffordshire in 2003 has thrown further light on its name."
},
{
"section_header": "After Hadrian",
"text": "Bede obviously identified Gildas's stone wall as Hadrian's Wall (actually built in the 120s) and he would appear to have believed that the ditch-and-mound barrier known as the Vallum (just to the south of and contemporary with, Hadrian's Wall) was the rampart constructed by Severus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions",
"text": "This is known today as the Vallum, even though the word vallum in Latin is the origin of the English word wall, and does not refer to a ditch."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "To the north, the wall in its central and best-preserved section follows a hard, resistant igneous dolerite or diabase rock escarpment, known as the Whin Sill."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "The system of milecastles and turrets is known to have continued along the Cumbria coast as far as Risehow, south of Maryport."
},
{
"section_header": "After Hadrian",
"text": "This area later became known as the Scottish Lowlands, sometimes referred to as the Central Belt or Central Lowlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Purpose of construction",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall was probably planned before Hadrian's visit to Britain in 122."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Hell's Kitchen is named \"Hadrian's Wall\"."
}
] |
Hadrian's Wall is known as the Picts' Wall.
| 1 | 3 |
Hadrian's Wall
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror."
}
] |
cXb6fCTUIiJE4fWUPBEl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 11th and 12th centuries",
"text": "Windsor Castle was originally built by William the Conqueror in the decade after the Norman conquest of 1066."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 11th and 12th centuries",
"text": "Henry II came to the throne in 1154 and built extensively at Windsor between 1165 and 1179."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 11th and 12th centuries",
"text": "William established a defensive ring of motte and bailey castles around London; each was a day's march – about 20 miles (32 km) – from the city and from the next castle, allowing for easy reinforcements in a crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "William of Wykeham went on to build New College, Oxford and Winchester College, where the influence of Windsor Castle can easily be seen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 15th century",
"text": "William de la Pole, one of the surviving Yorkist claimants to the throne, was imprisoned at Windsor Castle during Henry's reign, before his execution in 1513."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 16th century",
"text": "This flow of foreign visitors was captured for the queen's entertainment in William Shakespeare's play, The Merry Wives of Windsor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 11th and 12th centuries",
"text": "The first king to use Windsor Castle as a residence was Henry I, who celebrated Whitsuntide at the castle in 1110 during a period of heightened insecurity."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "architecture\". Edward placed William of Wykeham in overall charge of the rebuilding and design of the new castle and"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 11th and 12th centuries",
"text": "In design, Windsor most closely resembled Arundel Castle, another powerful early Norman fortification, but the double bailey design was also found at Rockingham and Alnwick Castle."
}
] |
Windsor Castle was built in the 11th century by William the Conqueror.
| 0 | 4 |
Windsor Castle
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to United Nations",
"text": "Lodge was named U.S. ambassador to the United Nations by President Eisenhower in February 1953, with his office elevated to Cabinet-level rank."
}
] |
cXtc5PHifPDm2RV35C6l
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 – February 27, 1985), sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II, was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts in both Senate seats in non-consecutive terms of service and a United States ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was George Cabot Lodge, a poet, through whom he was a grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, great-great-grandson of Senator Elijah H. Mills, and great-great-great-grandson of Senator George Cabot."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Dinh told the press conference: \"I have defeated Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Nahant, Massachusetts, Lodge was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the great-grandson of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Richardson, Elliot \"Henry Cabot Lodge\" pages 149-152 from Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: George Cabot Lodge II (b. 1927) and Henry Sears Lodge (1930-2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | First U.S. Senate career",
"text": "In November 1936, Lodge was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, defeating Democrat James Michael Curley."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to United Nations",
"text": "During his time as UN Ambassador, Lodge supported the Cold War policies of the Eisenhower Administration, and often engaged in debates with the UN representatives of the Soviet Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | The Multi-Decade Political Rivalry of the Lodge & Kennedy Families",
"text": "The first clash came in 1916 when the Senator’s grandfather and namesake Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. had defeated Kennedy's grandfather and namesake John F. Fitzgerald, popularly known as “Honey Fitz”."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Jr. later wrote Lodge was \"a strong man with the bit between his teeth\" whom Kennedy could not manage."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to United Nations",
"text": "Lodge was named U.S. ambassador to the United Nations by President Eisenhower in February 1953, with his office elevated to Cabinet-level rank."
}
] |
Republican US Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. was the ambassador to the UN.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "Moses' robe as worn by Charlton Heston was hand-woven by Dorothea Hulse, one of the world's finest weavers."
}
] |
cYJtWtXZvwCxqsqjpEma
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "She also created costumes for The Robe, as well as textiles and costume fabrics for Samson and Delilah, David and Bathsheba, and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A devastated Rameses returns empty-handed to Nefretiri, stating that he now acknowledges Moses's god as God."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "Arnold Friberg, in addition to designing sets and costumes, also contributed the manner in which Moses ordained Joshua to his mission at the end of the film: by the laying on of hands, placing his hands on Joshua's head."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "remains one of the most popular films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "Sets, costumes and props from the film"
},
{
"section_header": "Popularity",
"text": "Moses's career in Ethiopia, for instance, is based on ancient midrashim."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jannes performs the same trick with his staves, but Moses's snake swallows his."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "Moses' robe as worn by Charlton Heston was hand-woven by Dorothea Hulse, one of the world's finest weavers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "Arnold Friberg would later state that he was the one who designed Moses' costume."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Moses reforms the treatment of slaves on the project, but Prince Rameses, Moses's adoptive brother, charges him with planning an insurrection."
}
] |
The fabric for Moses's costume was made by hand.
| 0 | 0 |
The Ten Commandments (1956 film)
|
Technology
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Shopify was founded in 2004 by Tobias Lütke, Daniel Weinand, and Scott Lake after attempting to open Snowdevil, an online store for snowboarding equipment."
}
] |
cYS8ZbEKj1qGarAODQoh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The API allows developers to create applications for Shopify online stores and then sell them on the Shopify App Store."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2010, Shopify started its Build-A-Business competition, in which participants create a business using its commerce platform."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On February 21, 2020, Shopify announced it would join the Libra Association, the Facebook-led group aiming to create the Libra digital currency, to help build a new payment network."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shopify Inc. is a Canadian multinational e-commerce company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Shopify was named Ottawa’s Fastest Growing Company by the Ottawa Business Journal in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The space offered classes, a \"genius bar\" for companies that use Shopify software and workshops."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company received $7 million from an initial series"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "These most recent announcements were made at Shopify Reunite, the companies first virtual event to be held as a result of COVID-19."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On September 9, 2019, Shopify announced the acquisition of 6 River Systems, a Massachusetts-based fulfillment solutions company."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company also announced the launch of an iPad-centric point of sale system."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Shopify was founded in 2004 by Tobias Lütke, Daniel Weinand, and Scott Lake after attempting to open Snowdevil, an online store for snowboarding equipment."
}
] |
The Shopify company was created by three men.
| 1 | 1 |
Shopify
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity (6th century BC–5th century AD)",
"text": "In 600 BC, Ionian Greeks from Phocaea founded the colony of Massalia (present-day Marseille), on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity (6th century BC–5th century AD)",
"text": "This makes it France's oldest city."
}
] |
cYXNrrGqGOUx2Vo22kKf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Revolutionary France (1789–1799)",
"text": "The Assembly and the Paris city council seemed unable to stop that bloodshed."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Major music halls and venues in France include Le Zénith sites present in many cities and other places in Paris (Paris Olympia, Théâtre Mogador, Élysée Montmartre)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Major cities",
"text": "France is a highly urbanized country, with its largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population in 2016) being Paris (12,568,755 inh.), Lyon (2,310,850), Marseille (1,756,296), Toulouse (1,345,343), Bordeaux (1,232,550), Lille (1,187,824), Nice (1,006,402), Nantes (961,521), Strasbourg (785,839) and Rennes (727,357). (Note: There are significant differences between the metropolitan population figures just cited and those in the following table, which indicates the population of the communes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "As of 2007, approximately 140,000 inhabitants (0.4%) of France are living with HIV/"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art",
"text": "Outside Paris, all the large cities have a Museum of Fine Arts with a section dedicated to European and French painting."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Fashion",
"text": "Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity (6th century BC–5th century AD)",
"text": "The borders of modern France roughly correspond to ancient Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic Gauls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a collection of Celtic tribes."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Charles de Gaulle Airport, located in the vicinity of Paris, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting Paris with virtually all major cities across the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity (6th century BC–5th century AD)",
"text": "In 600 BC, Ionian Greeks from Phocaea founded the colony of Massalia (present-day Marseille), on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity (6th century BC–5th century AD)",
"text": "This makes it France's oldest city."
}
] |
In France, Paris is the city that has been inhabited the longest.
| 0 | 0 |
France
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference and as deep as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the France–Switzerland border near Geneva."
}
] |
cYnqodYeQ2fRL04NDpWK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference and as deep as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the France–Switzerland border near Geneva."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The tunnel crosses the border between Switzerland and France at four points, with most of it in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Inaugural tests (2008)",
"text": "CERN successfully fired the protons around the tunnel in stages, three kilometres at a time."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The collider tunnel contains two adjacent parallel beamlines (or beam pipes) each containing a beam, which travel in opposite directions around the ring."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The collider is contained in a circular tunnel, with a circumference of 26.7 kilometres (16.6 mi), at a depth ranging from 50 to 175 metres (164 to 574 ft) underground."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The 3.8-metre (12 ft) wide concrete-lined tunnel, constructed between 1983 and 1988, was formerly used to house the Large Electron–Positron Collider."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Inaugural tests (2008) | Quench incident",
"text": "On 19 September 2008, a magnet quench occurred in about 100 bending magnets in sectors 3 and 4, where an electrical fault led to a loss of approximately six tonnes of liquid helium (the magnets' cryogenic coolant), which was vented into the tunnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The episode includes actual footage from the repair facility to the inside of the collider, and explanations of the function, engineering, and purpose of the LHC.The Large Hadron Collider was the focus of the 2012 student film Decay, with the movie being filmed on location in CERN's maintenance tunnels."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Run 1: first operational run (2009–2013)",
"text": "On 20 November 2009, low-energy beams circulated in the tunnel for the first time since the incident, and shortly after, on 30 November, the LHC achieved 1.18 TeV per beam to become the world's highest-energy particle accelerator, beating the Tevatron's previous record of 0.98 TeV per beam"
}
] |
It lies in a tunnel beneath the France-Switzerland border.
| 1 | 5 |
Large Hadron Collider
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Pacino has fathered three children."
}
] |
cZ5Fhsq4w2iNO8kRye3J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"After four years at HB Studio, Pacino successfully auditioned for the Actors Studio."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1970s",
"text": "During the 1970s, Pacino had four Oscar nominations for Best Actor, for his performances in Serpico, The Godfather Part II, Dog Day Afternoon, and ... And Justice for All."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1980s",
"text": "The film was not released theatrically, but was later released as part of the Pacino: An Actor's Vision box set in 2007.His 1985 film Revolution about a fur trapper during the American Revolutionary War, was a commercial and critical failure, which Pacino blamed on a rushed production, resulting in a four-year hiatus from films."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Pacino has been nominated and has won many awards during his acting career, including nine Oscar nominations (winning one), 18 Golden Globe nominations (winning four), five BAFTA nominations (winning one), two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on television, and two Tony Awards for his stage work."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 2010s",
"text": "Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave Righteous Kill one star out of four, saying: \"Al Pacino and Robert De Niro collect bloated paychecks with intent to bore in Righteous Kill, a slow-moving, ridiculous police thriller that would have been shipped straight to the remainder bin at Blockbuster if it starred anyone else.\" Pacino played Jack Kevorkian in an HBO Films biopic titled"
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1990s",
"text": "In 1991, Pacino starred in Frankie and Johnny with Michelle Pfeiffer, who co-starred with Pacino in Scarface."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1980s",
"text": "At this time Pacino returned to the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Pacino has fathered three children."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage career",
"text": "In 1968, Pacino starred in Israel Horovitz's"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In his teenage years, Pacino was known as \"Sonny\" to his friends."
}
] |
Pacino has four kids.
| 0 | 0 |
Al Pacino
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The scandal negatively affected the careers of many politicians and nearly bankrupted Union Pacific."
}
] |
cZFoB5LZ0OAULzDt3EBH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, was a two-part fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The Union Pacific presented genuine and accurate invoices to the U.S. government, as evidence of actual construction costs incurred and billed to them by Crédit Mobilier of America for payment."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "The high market value of the stock resulted from the superb performance of Crédit Mobilier of America as a corporation, which in turn succeeded due to its major contract with the Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "Garfield denied the charges and was elected President in 1880, so the scandal did not have much effect on him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The scandal negatively affected the careers of many politicians and nearly bankrupted Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The scandal caused widespread public distrust of Congress and the federal government during the Gilded Age."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The scheme and scandal was proposed as a topic for a musical cabaret in season 10 of the FXX television series Archer."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme",
"text": "The creation of Crédit Mobilier of America was a deliberate attempt to present, falsely, both to the government of the United States and to the general public the appearance that a corporate enterprise, independent of the Union Pacific Rail Road and its principal officers, had been impartially chosen by the Union Pacific Railroad's officers and directors to be the principal construction contractor and construction management firm for the Union Pacific Rail Road project."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "Bayard appeared to have been included as a way to make it appear that the scandal did not involve only Republicans; he wrote a letter disavowing any knowledge of the affair, and his name was generally dropped from the investigation."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The net result was that the U.S. Congress paid $94,650,287 to Crédit Mobilier via Union Pacific while Crédit Mobilier incurred operating costs of only $50,720,959."
}
] |
Credit Mobilier of America was not a positive scandal for most.
| 1 | 6 |
Credit Mobilier of America scandal
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "In June 2016, Microsoft announced a project named Microsoft Azure Information Protection."
}
] |
cZFsasZMDDbrF24yHRAc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "In August 2018, Microsoft released two projects called Microsoft AccountGuard and Defending Democracy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "In June 2016, Microsoft announced a project named Microsoft Azure Information Protection."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "In December 2018, Microsoft announced Project Mu, an open source release of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) core used in Microsoft Surface and Hyper-V products."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores",
"text": "2007 also saw the creation of a multi-core unit at Microsoft, following the steps of server companies such as Sun and IBM.Gates retired from his role as Chief Software Architect on June 27, 2008, a decision announced in June 2006, while retaining other positions related to the company in addition to being an advisor for the company on key projects."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On June 4, 2018, Microsoft officially announced the acquisition of GitHub for $7.5 billion, a deal that closed on October 26, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "The project is dubbed \"Azure Government\" and has ties to the Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) surveillance program."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | United States government",
"text": "Microsoft provides information about reported bugs in their software to intelligence agencies of the United States government, prior to the public release of the fix."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Environment",
"text": "Phil Radford of Greenpeace said \"we are concerned that this new explosion in electricity use could lock us into old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy available today,\" and called on \"Amazon, Microsoft and other leaders of the information-technology industry must embrace clean energy to power their cloud-based data centers.\" In 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy power generated by a Texas wind project to power one of its data centers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "In November 2018, Microsoft agreed to supply 100,000 Microsoft HoloLens headsets to the United States military in order to \"increase lethality by enhancing the ability to detect, decide and engage before the enemy.\" In November 2018, Microsoft introduced Azure Multi-Factor Authentication for Microsoft Azure."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores",
"text": "This nonprofit organization is focused on providing support for a cloud computing initiative called Software-Defined Networking."
}
] |
In June 2018, they released a project called Azure Information Protection and Defending Democracy.
| 1 | 4 |
Microsoft
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It concerns a journalist (played by Gregory Peck) who poses as a Jew to research an exposé on the widespread distrust and dislike of Jews in New York City and the affluent communities of New Canaan, Connecticut and Darien, Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement is a 1947 American drama film based on Laura Z. Hobson's best-selling 1947 novel of the same name."
}
] |
cZcpVagcrTcOJZVCHzxJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": ", Gentleman's Agreement was one of Fox's highest-grossing movies of 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "In recognition for producing Gentleman's Agreement, the Hollywood chapter of"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement received a generally favorable reception from influential New York Times critic Bosley Crowther."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement is a 1947 American drama film based on Laura Z. Hobson's best-selling 1947 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "The movie was an unexpected hit at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Zanuck decided to make a film version of Hobson's novel after being refused membership in the Los Angeles Country Club, because it was assumed (incorrectly) that he was Jewish."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Fearing an awkward scene, Kathy wants to tell her family and friends that Phil is only pretending to be a Jew, but Phil prevails on Kathy to tell only Jane."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "There was also concern that Dorothy McGuire's character's being divorced would offend the National Legion of Decency."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Philip Schuyler Green (Gregory Peck) is a widowed journalist who has just moved to New York City with his son Tommy (Dean Stockwell) and mother (Anne Revere)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "However, Crowther also said that the movie shared the novel's failings in that \"explorations are narrowly confined to the upper-class social and professional level to which he is immediately exposed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It concerns a journalist (played by Gregory Peck) who poses as a Jew to research an exposé on the widespread distrust and dislike of Jews in New York City and the affluent communities of New Canaan, Connecticut and Darien, Connecticut."
}
] |
Gentleman's Agreement is a movie about a journalist who pretends to be Jewish.
| 0 | 0 |
Gentleman's Agreement
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[il ˈpɛndolo di fuˈko]) is a novel by Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco."
}
] |
cZdPEKXcbPJqmUsuYyP5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Believing Agliè and his associates intend to meet at the museum where Foucault's Pendulum is housed, Casaubon follows them to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Trilogy to Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Societies in the novel",
"text": "The following list among the groups that appear in Foucault's Pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "No. In Foucault's Pendulum I wrote the grotesque representation of these kind of people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[il ˈpɛndolo di fuˈko]) is a novel by Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum (original title: Il pendolo di Foucault"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum is divided into ten segments represented by the ten Sefiroth."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "The Illuminatus! Trilogy was written 13 years before Foucault's Pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum also bears a number of similarities to Eco's own experiences and writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum (1988) has been called \"the thinking man's Da Vinci Code\"."
}
] |
Foucault's Pendulum is a film by Italian director Casaubon.
| 0 | 0 |
Foucault's Pendulum
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Here Comes Mr. Jordan is a 1941 American fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Alexander Hall, in which a boxer, mistakenly taken to Heaven before his time, is given a second chance back on Earth."
}
] |
cZvuYtsIZZP1XlTc2rHV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "Here Comes Mr. Jordan. Punjabi movie Mar Gaye Oye Loko is also inspired from Here"
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "In Road to Morocco, one of Bob Hope's characters, the deceased Aunt Lucy, comes to him in a dream but then cuts it short, saying \"Here comes Mr. Jordan,\" a homage to the movie of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "Here Comes Mr. Jordan, starred Chris Rock."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Warren Ashe as Charlie Ken Christy as Plainclothesman Chester Conklin as Newsboy Joseph Crehan as Doctor Mary Currier as Secretary Edmund Elton as Elderly man Tom Hanlon as Announcer Bobby Larson as \"Chips\" Heinie Conklin as Reporter (uncredited) Columbia Pictures president Harry Cohn was persuaded to try a somewhat \"risky\" project in Here"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Here Comes Mr. Jordan was preserved by the UCLA Film and Television Archive with the cooperation of Columbia Pictures and the Library of Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "Here Comes Mr. Jordan was remade as Heaven Can Wait (1978), starring Warren Beatty, Buck Henry and Julie Christie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Here Comes Mr. Jordan was originally going to be released on VHS and Betamax in November 1979 as one of Columbia Pictures Home Entertainment's launch titles, but because of the financial success of Midnight Express, the release was cancelled and Midnight Express took Here"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Here Comes Mr. Jordan is a 1941 American fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Alexander Hall, in which a boxer, mistakenly taken to Heaven before his time, is given a second chance back on Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"Film critic Leonard Maltin noted that Here Comes Mr. Jordan was an \"Excellent fantasy-comedy of prizefighter Montgomery accidentally sent to heaven before his time, forced to occupy a new body on earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The working titles for the film were Heaven Can Wait and Mr. Jordan Comes to Town."
}
] |
The movie Here Comes Mr. Jordan is about a man trying to become a comedian.
| 1 | 3 |
Here Comes Mr. Jordan
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Braveheart earned positive reviews; critics praised Gibson's direction and performance as Wallace, the performances of its cast, and its screenplay, production values, Horner's score, and the battle sequences."
}
] |
cbrgpf9goyVx1JQhaK54
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical inaccuracy | Portrayal of Longshanks and Prince Edward",
"text": "The actual Edward I was ruthless and temperamental, but the film exaggerates his negative aspects for effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Braveheart earned positive reviews; critics praised Gibson's direction and performance as Wallace, the performances of its cast, and its screenplay, production values, Horner's score, and the battle sequences."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" On Metacritic the film has a score of 68 out of 100 based on 20 critic reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Released on May 24, 1995, Braveheart received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances, directing, production values, battle sequences, and musical score, but criticized its historical inaccuracies, especially regarding Wallace's title, love interests, and attire."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 78%, with an average score of 7.29/10, based on 81 reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Not all reviews were positive, Richard Schickel of TIME magazine argued that \"everybody knows that a non-blubbering clause is standard in all movie stars' contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Braveheart was released on DVD on August 29, 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Effect on tourism",
"text": "In 1996, the year after the film was released, the annual three-day \"Braveheart Conference\" at Stirling Castle attracted fans of Braveheart, increasing the conference's attendance to 167,000 from 66,000 in the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Empire readers had previously voted Braveheart the best film of 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "the Bruce was announced. The film will lead directly on from Braveheart and follow the widow Moira, portrayed by Anna Hutchison, and her family (portrayed by Gabriel Bateman and Talitha Bateman), who save Robert the Bruce, with Angus Macfadyen reprising his role from Braveheart."
}
] |
Braveheart got negative reviews.
| 1 | 2 |
Braveheart
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "According to Mailer's review, the book had sold over 750,000 copies by December 1998.The book was credited with allusions to, or the caricaturing of, some prominent members of contemporary Atlanta society."
}
] |
cc1yLPouVAB0J97qhRw2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man in Full is the second novel by Tom Wolfe, published on November 12, 1998, by Farrar, Straus & Giroux."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "According to Mailer's review, the book had sold over 750,000 copies by December 1998.The book was credited with allusions to, or the caricaturing of, some prominent members of contemporary Atlanta society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man In Full features a number of point-of-view characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man In Full is written much in the style of Wolfe's other fictions, such as The Bonfire of the Vanities and"
},
{
"section_header": "Other media",
"text": "The abridged audiobook of A Man in Full was narrated by American actor David Ogden Stiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media",
"text": "The unabridged audiobook of A Man in Full was released in 2018 and was narrated by American actor Michael Pritchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "The Bonfire of the Vanities, A Man in Full was widely anticipated; Wolfe was known to be working on the research for this follow-up effort for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "I Am Charlotte Simmons. Released eleven years after Wolfe's bestselling novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "In addition, novelist John Irving criticized Wolfe's novel during an interview on a Canadian television program."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "The novelists, he claimed, were threatened by the success of his technique - writing a novel based on reporting techniques - and were failing to engage the world around them."
}
] |
The 1998 novel A Man in Full sold over a million copies by the end of 1998.
| 0 | 0 |
A Man in Full
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "Evangeline became Longfellow's most famous work in his lifetime and was widely read."
}
] |
ccKxPYdqzMj0qFAkGRv7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "Evangeline became Longfellow's most famous work in his lifetime and was widely read."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the choice was criticized, it became Longfellow's most famous work in his lifetime and remains one of his most popular and enduring works."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Evangeline' is so easy for you to read, because it was so hard for me to write.\" The poem is written in unrhymed dactylic hexameter, possibly inspired by Greek and Latin classics, including Homer, whose work Longfellow was reading at the time he was writing Evangeline."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Years later, in 1837, Hawthorne contacted Longfellow for his opinion on his recently published tales in the North American Review, which Longfellow praised as works of genius; the two became lifelong friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "Longfellow's friend Charles Sumner said he had met a woman who \"has read 'Evangeline' some twenty times and thinks it the most perfect poem in the language\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "\"Evangeline was published in book form on November 1, 1847 by William D. Ticknor & Co., and by 1857 it had sold nearly 36,000 copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Some criticized Longfellow's choice of dactylic hexameter, including poet John Greenleaf Whittier, who said the poem would have been better in a prose style similar to Longfellow's Hyperion."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Other",
"text": "Additionally, there was once a Via Rail train known as the \"Evangeline\" that ran from Halifax to Yarmouth, but it ended in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "During this time, Longfellow's literary payment was at its peak; for Evangeline, he received \"a net of twenty-five and sixteenths per cent\" royalties, believed to be an all-time high for a poet."
}
] |
Evangeline is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847, was known as Longfellow's most famous work in his lifetime and was widely read.
| 0 | 0 |
Evangeline
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The House of Mirth was Wharton's second published novel, preceded by two novellas, The Touchstone (1900) and Sanctuary (1903), and The Valley of Decision (1902)."
}
] |
ccNjNbIGveT9WtkC8uZn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The House of Mirth is a 1905 novel by American author Edith Wharton."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel The House of Mirth (1905) has been adapted to radio, the stage and the cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The final title Wharton chose for the novel was The House of Mirth (1905), taken from the Old Testament: The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Play of the novel The House of Mirth (1906), by Edith Wharton and Clyde Fitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The House of Mirth continues to attract readers over a century after its first publication, possibly due to its timeless theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carol Singley, in her introduction to Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth: A Case Book states \"[The House of Mirth] is a unique blend of romance, realism, and naturalism, [and thus] transcends the narrow classification of a novel of manners."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The House of Mirth was Wharton's second published novel, preceded by two novellas, The Touchstone (1900) and Sanctuary (1903), and The Valley of Decision (1902)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The House of Mirth (1956), directed by John Drew Barrymore."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "Wharton revealed in her introduction to the 1936 reprint of The House of Mirth her choice of subject and her major theme: When I wrote House of Mirth I held, without knowing it, two trumps in my hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", The House of Mirth was serialized in Scribner's Magazine beginning in January 1905."
}
] |
The House of Mirth was the author's 2nd publicated novel.
| 0 | 0 |
The House of Mirth
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End."
}
] |
ccWITc28wdySGcIvYJBV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Supporters and rivalries",
"text": "This figure was only surpassed by Arsenal and Manchester United, the only two clubs in the Premier League with larger stadiums at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "In August 1882, Newcastle West End F.C. formed from West End Cricket Club, and in May 1886, the club moved into St James' Park."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "Later that year, Newcastle's first football club, Tyne Association, was formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "On 4 January 2012, Virgin Money, who had just bought Northern Rock, signed a two-year deal to sponsor Newcastle United."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "Suggested names included Newcastle F.C., Newcastle Rangers, Newcastle City and City of Newcastle, but Newcastle United was decided upon on 9 December 1892, to signify the unification of the two teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "These colours were chosen for the senior team because they were not associated with either of the two teams United were merged from."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "The two clubs became rivals in the Northern League."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "The origins of Newcastle United Football Club itself can be traced back to the formation of a football club by the Stanley Cricket Club of Byker in November 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "History | First glory years and war years (1903–1937)",
"text": "In 1903–04, the club built up a promising squad of players, and went on to dominate English football for almost a decade, the team known for their \"artistic play, combining team-work and quick, short passing\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Supporters and rivalries",
"text": "Supporters of Newcastle United are drawn from all over the North East and beyond, with supporters' clubs in some countries across the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End."
}
] |
Newcastle United F.C. was formed after the combination of two clubs.
| 1 | 4 |
Newcastle United F.C.
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won two World Series championships with the Reds in 1975 and 1976 and was also named the National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) in each of those years."
}
] |
ccpD8topWDmaaYebuBHm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | NBC Sports",
"text": "During this period Morgan helped call three World Series (1995, 1997, and 1999) and four All-Star Games (1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000)."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | NBC Sports",
"text": "Morgan also called three American League Championship Series (1996, 1998, and 2000) and three National League Championship Series (1995 alongside Greg Gumbel, 1997, and 1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won two World Series championships with the Reds in 1975 and 1976 and was also named the National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) in each of those years."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career",
"text": "After the Phillies lost to the Baltimore Orioles in the World Series, Morgan finished his career with the Oakland Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | Local gigs and college baseball",
"text": "In 1989, Morgan teamed with Brent Musburger to call the championship game of the College World Series for CBS."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "He drove in Ken Griffey for the winning run in Game 7 of the 1975 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "Besides teaming with Miller for Sunday Night Baseball (since its inception in 1990) telecasts, Morgan also teamed with Miller for League Championship Series and World Series broadcasts on ESPN Radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Colt .45s/Astros",
"text": "He made the All Star Team twice during this period, in 1966 and 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Morgan, along with teammates Pete Rose, Johnny Bench, Tony Pérez, and Dave Concepción, led the Reds to consecutive championships in the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "And there it was, perfectly aligned—Joe Morgan the announcer arguing against Joe Morgan the player."
}
] |
Joe Morgan won three World Series in the 1970s.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe Morgan
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bacchae (; Greek: Βάκχαι, Bakchai; also known as The Bacchantes ) is an ancient Greek tragedy, written by the Athenian playwright Euripides during his final years in Macedonia, at the court of Archelaus I of Macedon."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "The Bacchae had an enormous impact on ancient literature, and its influence can be seen in numerous Greek and Roman authors."
}
] |
ccza2aAFY9W7CMdwiowv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Various interpretations",
"text": "The Bacchae what he had always done, pointing out the inadequacy of the Greek gods and religions."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "The Bacchae had an enormous impact on ancient literature, and its influence can be seen in numerous Greek and Roman authors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bacchae (; Greek: Βάκχαι, Bakchai; also known as The Bacchantes ) is an ancient Greek tragedy, written by the Athenian playwright Euripides during his final years in Macedonia, at the court of Archelaus I of Macedon."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern productions | Dramatic versions",
"text": "In 2020, the Classics department of King's College London performed a version of The Bacchae in its original ancient Greek in combination with Aristophanes' The Frogs, created by David Bullen and entitled Dionysus in the Underworld for their annual Greek play, which is the only production of Greek drama in the UK staged annually in the original language."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern productions | Dramatic versions",
"text": "In 2008, James Thomas directed Peter Arnott's faithful and audience-friendly translation of The Bacchae as part of MacMillan Films series on Greek drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern productions | Operatic versions",
"text": "The Libretto was in ancient Greek."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "The Greek gods did not demand worship."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "in The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern productions | Dramatic versions",
"text": "In 2007, David Greig wrote an adaptation of The Bacchae for the National Theatre of Scotland starring Alan Cumming as Dionysus, with ten soul-singing followers in place of the traditional Greek chorus."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "The ancient Greek concept of religion was very different from the concept as it is generally known today."
}
] |
Many Greek writers in the past drew inspiration from The Bacchae.
| 0 | 5 |
Bacchae
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through her entire career, she has written all her lyrical content, and has sometimes composed her music."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and artistry | Musical style and influence",
"text": "In addition to writing her own lyrics, Hamasaki has also involved herself in other aspects of production such as artistic direction."
}
] |
cd8vmtMNIAxMT8KGwvy5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and music career | 2018-present: 20th anniversary, \"Trouble\", and biopic TV drama",
"text": "The book was written based on interviews with Hamasaki herself and gives a rare insight in the artist's private life and her road to stardom."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and music career | 2018-present: 20th anniversary, \"Trouble\", and biopic TV drama",
"text": "The song was composed by Tetsuya Komuro, who had previously composed songs such as \"A Song Is Born\", \"Love Song\" and \"You & Me\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and music career | 2000–2002: Duty, compilation releases, I Am... and Rainbow",
"text": "The lyrics of these songs focused on hopelessness, a reflection of Hamasaki's disappointment that she had not expressed herself thoroughly in any of her previous lyrics and a sense of shame of her public image."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and artistry | Musical style and influence",
"text": "A lot of the work she does by herself is more in the producer's arena."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through her entire career, she has written all her lyrical content, and has sometimes composed her music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and music career | 1978–1997: Childhood and early endeavors",
"text": "She described herself as a \"tomboy\" when she was a teenager, and as a “strange kid” who “liked to be alone”."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and music career | 1998–1999: Musical beginnings, A Song for xx and Loveppears",
"text": "Hamasaki's debut album, A Song for ×× (released on January 1, 1999), was likewise \"unassuming\": the tracks, composed by Yasuhiko Hoshino, Akio Togashi (of Da Pump), and Mitsuru Igarashi (of Every Little Thing), were \"cautious\" pop-rock songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and music career | 2018-present: 20th anniversary, \"Trouble\", and biopic TV drama",
"text": "The song was composed by Kazuhito Kikuchi -known for having composed some of Hamasaki's signature songs, such as \"Who...\" and \"Heaven\"- and its lyrics were allegedly inspired by her newborn son."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and artistry | Musical style and influence",
"text": "With later albums, Hamasaki also began to delegate to her staff tasks she had once handled herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and artistry | Musical style and influence",
"text": "In addition to writing her own lyrics, Hamasaki has also involved herself in other aspects of production such as artistic direction."
}
] |
Since the start of her career she has composed some of her songs herself but has written all of her songs herself.
| 1 | 6 |
Ayumi Hamasaki
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1974 until 1985, Van Halen consisted of Eddie Van Halen; Eddie's brother, drummer Alex Van Halen; vocalist David Lee Roth; and bassist Michael Anthony."
}
] |
cdiiecTxzT9MlQi3HTNT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2007, Van Halen was one of only five rock bands with two studio albums that sold more than 10 million copies in the United States and is also tied for the most multi-platinum albums by an American band."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Gary Cherone era",
"text": "\"Without You\" acquired No. 1 place on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Charts in 1998, the 13th song of theirs to do so, and thus making them the band with the most Mainstream Rock No."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "Van Halen brothers formed their very first band, called The Broken Combs, in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1985: David Lee Roth era",
"text": "Over the next few years, the band alternated album releases and touring (see Van Halen concert tours)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1999–2003: Hiatus from public",
"text": "The band recorded just two songs and played live a few times before dissolving when Hagar and Anthony rejoined Van Halen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Second reunion with Roth",
"text": "However, on December 28, Roth announced that he had not talked to Eddie in two years, and a reunion with Van Halen could result in a \"Jerry Springer-style fight."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "In 1972, the Van Halen brothers formed a band called Genesis featuring Eddie as lead vocalist/guitarist, Alex on drums, and Mark Stone on bass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Tokyo Dome Live in Concert, North American Tour and hiatus",
"text": "In April 2015, Eddie Van Halen told Rolling Stone that the band will \"probably hunker down and do a studio record\" after their tour."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1999–2003: Hiatus from public",
"text": "The Van Halen brothers continued writing at 5150"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1974 until 1985, Van Halen consisted of Eddie Van Halen; Eddie's brother, drummer Alex Van Halen; vocalist David Lee Roth; and bassist Michael Anthony."
}
] |
American rock band, Van Halen, had two Halen brothers in the band during their beginning years.
| 4 | 5 |
Van Halen
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for four Tony awards including Best Play, Best Director, and two Best Featured Actor nominations for Robert Prosky and Joe Mantegna, who won the production's one Tony."
}
] |
cduPuLnltx2HlVK2r8UT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross is a play by David Mamet that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The production also won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play shows parts of two days in the lives of four desperate Chicago real estate agents who are prepared to engage in any number of unethical, illegal acts—from lies and flattery to bribery, threats, intimidation and burglary—to sell undesirable real estate to unwitting prospective buyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Highlands is the prime real estate everyone is attempting to sell now; Glen Ross Farms is mentioned by several characters as having been very lucrative for those selling it several years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for four Tony awards including Best Play, Best Director, and two Best Featured Actor nominations for Robert Prosky and Joe Mantegna, who won the production's one Tony."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from two real estate developments mentioned in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Tony Haygarth – Tony Haygarth – James Lingk John Tams – BaylenGlengarry Glen Ross had its U.S. premiere on 6 February 1984, at the Goodman Theatre of the Arts Institute of Chicago before moving to Broadway on 25 March 1984 at the John Golden Theatre and running for 378 shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross has also been produced as a radio play for BBC Radio 3, featuring Héctor Elizondo, Stacy Keach, Bruce Davison, and Alfred Molina as Roma, first airing 20 March 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Moss tells Aaronow that they need to strike back by stealing all the Glengarry leads and selling them to another real estate agency."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The world premiere of Glengarry Glen Ross was at the Cottesloe Theatre of the Royal National Theatre in London on 21 September 1983, directed by Bill Bryden."
}
] |
Glengarry Glen Ross is a play about Chicago real estate agents and won multiple Tony awards.
| 0 | 0 |
Glengarry Glen Ross
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer."
}
] |
ce39AKmvyaBo2xuZ4SvM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Bale has stated that The Dark Knight Rises will be his final Batman film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Dark Knight. In 2014, Empire ranked The Dark Knight Rises the 72nd greatest film ever made on their list of \"The 301 Greatest Movies Of All Time\" as voted by the magazine's readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises opened on Friday, July 20, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises received highly favorable reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises featured over an hour of footage shot in IMAX (by comparison, The Dark Knight contained 28 minutes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Colorado shooting",
"text": "The trailer for Gangster Squad, another Warner Bros. movie included in the screening of The Dark Knight Rises, was removed as it contains a scene which shows gangsters shooting submachine guns at moviegoers through the screen, similar to the shooting in Aurora."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The third treatment ended in the same way as the final version of The Dark Knight Rises."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "United States Senator Patrick Leahy, who had made a cameo appearance in The Dark Knight, returned in The Dark Knight Rises, as a Wayne Enterprises board member."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer."
}
] |
The Dark Knight Rises is a movie about Batman in 2013.
| 0 | 0 |
The Dark Knight Rises
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After collecting two hits the first game he became a starting outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edd J. Roush (May 8, 1893 – March 21, 1988) was an American professional baseball center fielder."
}
] |
ceEm4yKnzIdLtwVG38By
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Roush made his major league debut on August 20, 1913 for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After collecting two hits the first game he became a starting outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "The play in question involved Roush, who slid to make a catch in the outfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "On June 8, 1920, a lengthy argument took place on the field, and Roush fell asleep in the outfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He received the opportunity to play for the local semipro Oakland City Walkovers in 1909 after their regular outfielders failed to show up."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1912 he played for the Evansville, Indiana team in the KITTY league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "They presented this to National League President John Heydler and won."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "He finished the year with a .351 average and led the league in doubles with 41.In"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "The Hoosiers became the Newark Peppers in 1915 and Roush continued to play outfield for the team under manager, and fellow 1962 Hall of Fame inductee Bill McKechnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edd J. Roush (May 8, 1893 – March 21, 1988) was an American professional baseball center fielder."
}
] |
Edd Roush was a major league outfielder.
| 0 | 0 |
Edd Roush
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Gita is considered by many to be more than 4500 years old."
}
] |
ceIeCVWUSjQq41w4DIZ9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Gita is considered by many to be more than 4500 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Theology | Brahman-atman",
"text": "In the Gita, the soul of each human being is considered to be identical to every other human being and all beings, but it \"does not support an identity with the Brahman\", according to Fowler."
},
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Classical commentaries | Others",
"text": "Vallabha's follower, also wrote a commentary on Bhagavadgita"
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 11 (55 verses)",
"text": "This is an idea found in the Rigveda and many later Hindu texts, where it is a symbolism for atman (soul) and Brahman (Absolute Reality) eternally pervading all beings and all existence."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "While the year and century is uncertain, states Richard Davis, the internal evidence in the text"
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Swami Vivekananda, the 19th-century Hindu monk and Vedantist, stated that the Bhagavad Gita may be old"
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 18 (78 verses)",
"text": "It covers many topics, states Easwaran."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Dharma | The Field of Dharma",
"text": "This dharma has \"resonances at many different levels\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Theology | The nature of the world",
"text": "It considers this transient reality as Maya."
},
{
"section_header": "Manuscripts",
"text": "According to Gambhirananda, the old manuscripts may have had 745 verses, though he agrees that 700 verses is the generally accepted historic standard."
}
] |
The Bhagavadgita is considered by many to be 4600 years old.
| 0 | 3 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "; Swift tied with her again in 2019."
}
] |
cejmaVlJMpIq4kDAfCpg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2019, she became the first woman to win an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award in one year for her contribution to A Star Is Born's soundtrack."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "Commercially, the soundtrack debuted at number one in the US, making Gaga the first woman with five US number one albums in the 2010s, and breaking her tie with Taylor Swift as the most for any female artist this decade"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She also contributed to the latter's soundtrack, which spawned the chart-topping single \"Shallow\", and made her the first woman to win an Academy, Grammy, BAFTA, and Golden Globe Award in one year."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "Gaga has won 11 Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Brit Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, thirteen MTV Video Music Awards, various Guinness World Records, and the inaugural Songwriters Hall of Fame's Contemporary Icon Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "Alongside her nominations for an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress, Gaga received the Critics' Choice and National Board of Review awards for the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–2017: American Horror Story, Joanne, and Super Bowl performances",
"text": "At the 73rd Golden Globe Awards, Gaga received the Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film award for her work on the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "\" Shallow\" also earned her an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Original Song."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "; Swift tied with her again in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "The record was Gaga's third consecutive number-one album on the Billboard 200, and won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–2017: American Horror Story, Joanne, and Super Bowl performances",
"text": "It was released on October 21, 2016, and became Gaga's fourth number one album on the Billboard 200, making her the first woman to reach the US chart's summit four times in the 2010s."
}
] |
Lady Gaga was the first woman to win an Oscar, Grammy, BAFTA, and Golden Globe Award in 2019 and also broke the tie with Taylor Swift with 5 number 1 albums in a decade.
| 0 | 0 |
Lady Gaga
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials."
}
] |
cesNUzwZh3odRC5d9q29
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "\"New Gang of Four\"",
"text": "This group had little in common with the original Gang of Four and whether the new \"Gang\" truly had a coherent set of shared political interests was not clear."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Little Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 1980, they were charged with \"grave errors\" in the struggle against the Gang of Four and demoted from the Political Bureau to mere Central Committee membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four controlled the power organs of the Communist Party of China through the later stages of the Cultural Revolution, although it remains unclear which major decisions were made by Mao Zedong and carried out by the Gang, and which were the result of the Gang of Four's own planning."
},
{
"section_header": "\"New Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In the Xi Jinping era, some commentators and political observers dubbed the loose political grouping of former security chief Zhou Yongkang, former Central Military Commission vice-chairman Xu Caihou, former Chongqing party chief Bo Xilai, and former General Office chief Ling Jihua as the \"New Gang of Four\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "On October 4 the radical group warned, via an article in the Guangming Daily, that any revisionist who interfered with the established principles would \"come to no good end\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "The prosecution separated political errors from actual crimes."
},
{
"section_header": "Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 2013, Mainland Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Joseph Zen and Jimmy Lai as ‘Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"’ due to their alleged foreign connections."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "She was the only member of the Gang of Four who bothered to argue on her behalf."
},
{
"section_header": "Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 2019, Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Jimmy Lai and Albert Ho as the gang of four due to their alleged collusion with foreign forces in relation to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests."
}
] |
The Gang of Four was made up of 4 Vietnamese political asylees.
| 1 | 1 |
Gang of Four
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | A Woman Called Golda (1982)",
"text": "After her death, her daughter Pia accepted her Emmy."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | A Woman Called Golda (1982)",
"text": "and she was honored posthumously with a second Emmy Award for Best Actress."
}
] |
cevQvMTXbu1mfGfCJbOp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German mother, and started her acting career in Swedish and German films."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman was born on 29 August 1915 in Stockholm, to a Swedish father, Justus Samuel Bergman (2 May 1871 – 29 July 1929), and his German wife, Frieda Henriette Auguste Louise (née Adler) Bergman (12 September 1884 – 19 January 1918), who was born in Kiel."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Murder on the Orient Express (1974)",
"text": "she isn't the queen of some country or something.\" Bergman became one of the few actresses ever to receive three Oscars when she won her third (and first in the category of Best Supporting Actress) for her performance in Murder on the Orient Express (1974)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | A Woman Called Golda (1982)",
"text": "and she was honored posthumously with a second Emmy Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "After her father's death, Ingrid was sent to live with his sister, Ellen Bergman, who also died of heart disease only six months later."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "During her first summer break, Bergman was hired by a Swedish film studio, which led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre after just one year, to work in films full-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "When she was two or three years old, her mother died."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and Nominations",
"text": "Bergman was only the second actress to win three Academy Awards for acting: two for Best Actress, and one for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | Anastasia (1956)",
"text": "Its director, Anatole Litvak, described her as \"one of the greatest actresses in the world\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1957–1982 | A Woman Called Golda (1982)",
"text": "After her death, her daughter Pia accepted her Emmy."
}
] |
Ingrid Bergman was a Swedish actress that died on the same day that she born 67 years ago and right after she received a 2nd Emmy.
| 0 | 0 |
Ingrid Bergman
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "Finland rapidly industrialized after World War II, achieving GDP per capita levels comparable to that of Japan or the UK in the beginning of the 1970s."
}
] |
cezuz5pAb3uODJMxyZIy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "Initially, most of the economic development was based on two broad groups of export-led industries, the \"metal industry\" (metalliteollisuus) and \"forest industry\" (metsäteollisuus)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "Finland rapidly industrialized after World War II, achieving GDP per capita levels comparable to that of Japan or the UK in the beginning of the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "The \"metal industry\" includes shipbuilding, metalworking, the automotive industry, engineered products such as motors and electronics, and production of metals and alloys including steel, copper and chromium."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "In the pulp and paper industry, many major companies are based in Finland; Ahlstrom-Munksjö, Metsä Board, and UPM are all Finnish forest-based companies with revenues exceeding €1 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "The \"forest industry\" includes forestry, timber, pulp and paper, and is often considered a logical development based on Finland's extensive forest resources, as 73% of the area is covered by forest."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Finland's population has always been concentrated in the southern parts of the country, a phenomenon that became even more pronounced during 20th-century urbanisation."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "However, in recent decades, the Finnish economy has diversified, with companies expanding into fields such as electronics (Nokia), metrology (Vaisala), petroleum (Neste), and video games (Rovio Entertainment), and is no longer dominated by the two sectors of metal and forest industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "In 2019, the per-capita income of Finland was estimated to be $48,869."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "In 2020, Finland was ranked 20th on the ease of doing business index, among 190 jurisdictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Industry and construction consumed 51% of total consumption, a relatively high figure reflecting Finland's industries."
}
] |
Finland has always been industrialized.
| 0 | 0 |
Finland
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000–2009: Later recordings and Crayons",
"text": "In 2008, Summer released her first studio album of fully original material in 17 years, entitled Crayons."
}
] |
cfqXUpjZdgFbKj9VfQSt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "Due to an error on the record cover, Donna Sommer became Donna Summer; the name stuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), widely known by her stage name based on her married name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Several subsequent singles included Donna performing with the group, and the name \"Gayn Pierre\" was used while performing in Godspell with Helmuth Sommer during 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple divorced in 1976, but Summer kept the anglicized version of her ex-husband's surname as her stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980–1985",
"text": "David Geffen hired top R&B and pop producer Quincy Jones to produce Summer's next album, the eponymously titled Donna Summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While influenced by the counterculture of the 1960s, Summer became the lead singer of a psychedelic rock band named Crow and moved to New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "Mary J. Blige tweeted \"RIP Donna Summer !!!!!!!!"
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "\"U.S. President Barack Obama said, \"Michelle and I were saddened to hear about the passing of Donna Summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980–1985",
"text": "Just over a week after the awards, Summer had her own nationally televised special, The Donna Summer Special, which aired on ABC network on January 27, 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000–2009: Later recordings and Crayons",
"text": "In 2003, Summer issued her autobiography, Ordinary Girl: The Journey, and released a best-of set titled The Journey: The Very Best of Donna Summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000–2009: Later recordings and Crayons",
"text": "In 2008, Summer released her first studio album of fully original material in 17 years, entitled Crayons."
}
] |
Donna Summer has an album named after children's wax coloring-sticks.
| 0 | 0 |
Donna Summer
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novels have all been developed into films starring Jennifer Lawrence, with the film adaptation of Mockingjay split into two parts."
}
] |
cg20Xxykh1j31l6wW3zw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games is a series of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 2012, the series ranked second, exceeded only by the Harry Potter series in NPR's poll of the top 100 teen novels, which asked voters to choose their favorite young adult books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novels have all been developed into films starring Jennifer Lawrence, with the film adaptation of Mockingjay split into two parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young Katniss Everdeen."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "During and after the Games, Katniss develops genuine feelings for Peeta and struggles to reconcile them with what she feels for Gale."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "The Hunger Games is the first book in the series and was released on September 14, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "In the arena, Katniss allies with Rue, a young tribute from District 11 who reminds Katniss of her kid sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting",
"text": "As punishment for a past rebellion against the Capitol (called the \"Dark Days\"), in which District 13 was destroyed, one boy and one girl from each of the twelve remaining districts, between the ages of 12 and 18, are selected by lottery to compete in an annual pageant called the Hunger Games."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Critical reception",
"text": "They are nothing less than 'The Writer’s Cut' of the films themselves.\" In his review Mike Ruiz argues that The Hunger Games film does not have the first-person narrative that is in the original novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Major themes of the novels include distrust of authority (of adults and the government), and feminism."
}
] |
The Hunger Games is a series of young adult dystopian novels in which the novels have all been developed into films except one.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hunger Games
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
}
] |
cgML8hCdO9nuhYyDFjJJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "University of South Carolina Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\"The title of Thomas Wolfe's novel comes from the John Milton poem Lycidas: \"Look homeward Angel now, and melt with ruth: And, O ye Dolphins, waft the hapless youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (1929). Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel is written in a \"stream of consciousness\" narrative reminiscent of James Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A restored version of the original manuscript of Look Homeward, Angel, entitled, O Lost, was published in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and performances",
"text": "Frings' adaptation of Look Homeward"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel was published in 1929 to generally positive reviews in North America, most praising the author's brilliance and emotional power."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "O Lost, the original \"author's cut\" of Look Homeward, Angel, was reconstructed by scholars Arlyn and Matthew Bruccoli and published in 2000 on the centennial of Wolfe's birth."
}
] |
Look Homeward, Angel is a song about a coming of age boy in South Carolina.
| 0 | 0 |
Look Homeward, Angel
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl August Nielsen (Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈne̝lsn̩]; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer."
}
] |
chq3H7SPn7R5icEr9F1Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Operas and cantatas",
"text": "But the Berlingske Tidende reviewer H.W. Schytte thought Nielsen had been pretentious presenting the lyrics in Latin rather than Danish."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl August Nielsen (Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈne̝lsn̩]; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical style",
"text": "The Danish sociologist Benedikte Brincker observes that the perception of Nielsen and his music in his home country is rather different from his international appreciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The following year, Nielsen began a 16-year stint as a second violinist in the Royal Danish Orchestra under the conductor Johan Svendsen, during which he played in Giuseppe Verdi's Falstaff and Otello at their Danish premieres."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "Shortly after arriving in Paris in early March 1891 Nielsen met the Danish sculptor Anne Marie Brodersen, who was also travelling on a scholarship."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "At the end of the 1940s two major biographies of Nielsen appeared in Danish, dominating opinion of the composer's life and work for several decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Between 1994 and 2009 the Royal Danish Library, sponsored by the Danish government, completed the Carl Nielsen Edition, freely available online, containing background information and sheet music for all of Nielsen's works, many of which had not been previously published."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical style",
"text": "These two sides were officially brought together in Denmark in 2006 when the Ministry of Culture issued a list of the twelve greatest Danish musical works, which included three by Nielsen – Maskarade, the Fourth Symphony, and a pair of his Danish songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Editions",
"text": "Between 1994 and 2009 a complete new edition of Nielsen's works, the Carl Nielsen Edition, was commissioned by the Danish Government (at a cost of over 40 million kroner)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Studies and early career",
"text": "1.By September 1889 Nielsen had progressed well enough on the violin to gain a position with the second violins in the prestigious Royal Danish Orchestra which played at Copenhagen's Royal Theatre, then conducted by Johan Svendsen."
}
] |
Nielsen was a Danish flutist.
| 4 | 7 |
Carl Nielsen
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate",
"text": "January 2019 was the hottest month ever in Australia with average temperatures exceeding 30 °C (86 °F).The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season"
}
] |
cipVRWCMLP8k8ZqKeOXB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate",
"text": "According to the Bureau of Meteorology's 2011 Australian Climate Statement, Australia had lower than average temperatures in 2011 as a consequence of a La Niña weather pattern; however, \"the country's 10-year average continues to demonstrate the rising trend in temperatures, with 2002–2011 likely to rank in the top two warmest 10-year periods on record for Australia, at 0.52 °C (0.94 °F) above the long-term average\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Access to biocapacity in Australia is much higher than world average."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate",
"text": "January 2019 was the hottest month ever in Australia with average temperatures exceeding 30 °C (86 °F).The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season"
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ancestry and immigration",
"text": "Indigenous Australians experience higher than average rates of imprisonment and unemployment, lower levels of education, and life expectancies for males and females that are, respectively, 11 and 17 years lower than those of non-indigenous Australians."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European arrival",
"text": "The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate",
"text": "was Australia's worst bushfire season on record."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport and recreation",
"text": "It has also participated in every edition of the Cricket World Cup, winning the tournament a record five times."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "30.9 percent of Australia's population has attained a higher education qualification, which is among the highest percentages in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2018 the average age of the Australian population was 38.8 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Australian literature grew slowly in the decades following European settlement though Indigenous oral traditions, many of which have since been recorded in writing, are much older."
}
] |
The average temperature was higher than 88 degrees Fahrenheit, as a monthly record in '19.
| 0 | 0 |
Australia
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won two World Series championships with the Reds in 1975 and 1976 and was also named the National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) in each of those years."
}
] |
cizVrb2OQc2TKuibIFYI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as an active player, Morgan became a baseball broadcaster for the Reds, Giants, and ESPN, as well as a stint in the mid-to-late '90's on NBC's post-season telecasts, teamed with Bob Costas and Bob Uecker."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "In 1999, Morgan teamed with his then-NBC colleague Bob Costas to call two weekday night telecasts for ESPN."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "And there it was, perfectly aligned—Joe Morgan the announcer arguing against Joe Morgan the player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won two World Series championships with the Reds in 1975 and 1976 and was also named the National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) in each of those years."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "In 2009, Sports Illustrated's Joe Posnanski spoke about the perceived disparity between Morgan's celebrated playing style and his on-air persona: \"The disconnect between Morgan the player and Morgan"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career",
"text": "Morgan went to the San Francisco Giants for the next two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Colt .45s/Astros",
"text": "He made the All Star Team twice during this period, in 1966 and 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "His former broadcast partner Jon Miller's contract expired in 2010 and ESPN chose not to renew his contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "Besides teaming with Miller for Sunday Night Baseball (since its inception in 1990) telecasts, Morgan also teamed with Miller for League Championship Series and World Series broadcasts on ESPN Radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Legacy",
"text": "After his career ended, Morgan was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1987, and his jersey number 8 was retired."
}
] |
Joe Morgan has won two pennants in the mid 1970s and then retired to become a broadcaster for ESPN.
| 0 | 4 |
Joe Morgan
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "First Lord of the Admiralty: September 1939 to May 1940 | The Phoney War and the Norwegian Campaign",
"text": "On 3 September 1939, the day Britain declared war on Germany following the outbreak of the Second World War, Chamberlain appointed Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty, the same position he had held at the beginning of the First World War."
}
] |
cj7sHtwZ7UxW6H2VMKuR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First Lord of the Admiralty: September 1939 to May 1940 | The Phoney War and the Norwegian Campaign",
"text": "Churchill later claimed that, on learning of his appointment, the Board of the Admiralty sent a signal to the Fleet: \"Winston is back\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Asquith government: 1908–1915 | Outbreak of the First World War",
"text": "Churchill began readying the navy for conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Asquith government: 1908–1915 | First Lord of the Admiralty",
"text": "After the German government passed the German Navy Law to increase warship production, Churchill vowed that Britain would do the same and that for every new battleship built by the Germans, Britain would build two."
},
{
"section_header": "Asquith government: 1908–1915 | First Lord of the Admiralty",
"text": "In October 1911, Asquith appointed Churchill First Lord of the Admiralty."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister: 1940–1945 | Defeat of Germany: June 1944 to May 1945 | VE Day",
"text": "Bevin said: \"No, Winston, this is your day\", and proceeded to conduct the people in the singing of"
},
{
"section_header": "First Lord of the Admiralty: September 1939 to May 1940 | The Norway Debate and Chamberlain's resignation",
"text": "The only two candidates were Churchill and Lord Halifax, the Foreign Secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "Asquith government: 1908–1915 | First Lord of the Admiralty",
"text": "In June 1914, he convinced the House of Commons to authorise the government purchase of a 51 percent share in the profits of oil produced by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, to secure continued oil access for the Royal Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, army officer, and writer."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lord of the Admiralty: September 1939 to May 1940 | The Norway Debate and Chamberlain's resignation",
"text": "Halifax admitted that he could not govern effectively as a member of the House of Lords and so Chamberlain advised the King to send for Churchill, who became prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lord of the Admiralty: September 1939 to May 1940 | The Phoney War and the Norwegian Campaign",
"text": "As First Lord, Churchill proved to be one of the highest-profile ministers during the so-called \"Phoney War\", when the only significant action by British forces was at sea."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lord of the Admiralty: September 1939 to May 1940 | The Phoney War and the Norwegian Campaign",
"text": "On 3 September 1939, the day Britain declared war on Germany following the outbreak of the Second World War, Chamberlain appointed Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty, the same position he had held at the beginning of the First World War."
}
] |
Winston Churchill was Lord of the Navy twice.
| 3 | 8 |
Winston Churchill
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lateran Treaty (Italian: Patti Lateranensi; Latin: Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman Question."
}
] |
cjb5TgXFfqHNfBmVPcZJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "The Lateran Pacts are often presented as three treaties: a 27-article treaty of conciliation, a three-article financial convention, and a 45-article concordat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1947, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of Italy as regulating the relations between the state and the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "History | After 1946",
"text": "The Church's position as the sole state-supported religion of Italy was also ended, replacing the state financing with a personal income tax called the otto per mille, to which other religious groups, Christian and non-Christian, also have access."
},
{
"section_header": "History | After 1946",
"text": "The Constitution of the Italian Republic, adopted in 1947, states that relations between the State and the Catholic Church \"are regulated by the Lateran Treaties\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty and associated pacts were named after the Lateran Palace where they were signed on 11 February 1929, and the Italian parliament ratified them on 7 June 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lateran Treaty (Italian: Patti Lateranensi; Latin: Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman Question."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Holy See, on the grounds of the need for clearly manifested independence from any political power in its exercise of spiritual jurisdiction, had refused to accept the settlement offered in 1871, and the popes thereafter until the signing of the Lateran Treaty considered themselves prisoners in the Vatican, a small, limited area inside Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Negotiations for the settlement of the Roman Question began in 1926 between the government of Italy and the Holy See, and culminated in the agreements of the Lateran Pacts, signed—the Treaty says—for King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy by Prime Minister Benito Mussolini and for Pope Pius XI by Cardinal Secretary Pietro Gasparri, on 11 February 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty recognized Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See."
},
{
"section_header": "History | After 1946",
"text": "Among other things, both sides declared: \"The principle of the Catholic religion as the sole religion of the Italian State, originally referred to by the Lateran Pacts, shall be considered to be no longer in force\"."
}
] |
The Lateran Treaty ended World War II.
| 0 | 0 |
Lateran Treaty
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He previously served as the general manager of four MLB teams: the Toronto Blue Jays (1978–1994), Baltimore Orioles (1996–1998), Seattle Mariners (2000–2003), and Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2008)."
}
] |
cjmliRl8Hj9YX1GUCO0Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick returned to his senior advisor role after the Phillies promoted Andy MacPhail to president, who first joined the Phillies organization as a special assistant to Gillick during the 2015 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He previously served as the general manager of four MLB teams: the Toronto Blue Jays (1978–1994), Baltimore Orioles (1996–1998), Seattle Mariners (2000–2003), and Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2008, baseball fans nationwide voted him the MLB \" This Year in Baseball Awards\" Executive of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "In 1995, Gillick was named the general manager of the Baltimore Orioles to replace Roland Hemond, who had resigned."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick retired from his position as general manager after leading the Phillies to a World Series championship in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "As Toronto's general manager, Gillick won five division titles (1985, 1989, 1991, 1992 and 1993) and led the club to their first World Series championships in 1992 and 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Assistant general manager Rubén Amaro, Jr. was named his successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1993, Sporting News awarded its Sportsman of the Year honor to Gillick and Blue Jays manager Cito Gaston."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "He was the fourth general manager ever enshrined."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick retired from playing and began a front-office career in 1963, when he became the assistant farm director with the Houston Astros."
}
] |
Gillick was a manager of 4 MLB groups during his career.
| 3 | 7 |
Pat Gillick
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Military | Gunpowder warfare",
"text": "Mughal India was one of the three Islamic gunpowder empires, along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia."
}
] |
ckcZDCLvp9CBficSiRYT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Bengal Subah",
"text": "It was the Mughal Empire's wealthiest province, and the economic powerhouse of the Mughal Empire, estimated to have generated up to 50% of the empire's GDP."
},
{
"section_header": "Science | Chemistry",
"text": "He was also a notable writer who described the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and the cities of Allahabad and Delhi in rich detail and also made note of the glories of the Mughal Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of Upper India."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The empire had an extensive road network, which was vital to the economic infrastructure, built by a public works department set up by the Mughals which designed, constructed and maintained roads linking towns and cities across the empire, making trade easier to conduct."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline (1707–1857)",
"text": "During the reign of Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719–1748), the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughal to Maratha hands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline (1707–1857)",
"text": "The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II (1759–1806) made futile attempts to reverse the Mughal decline but ultimately had to seek the protection of the Emir of Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Abdali, which led to the Third Battle of Panipat between the Maratha Empire and the Afghans (led by Abdali) in 1761."
},
{
"section_header": "Military | Gunpowder warfare",
"text": "Mughal India was one of the three Islamic gunpowder empires, along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens and the Taj Mahal, which is described as \"the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.\" Contemporaries referred to the empire founded by Babur as the Timurid empire, which reflected the heritage of his dynasty, and this was the term preferred by the Mughals themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Akbar to Aurangzeb (1556–1707)",
"text": "Aurangzeb is considered India's most controversial king, with some historians arguing his religious conservatism and intolerance undermined the stability of Mughal society, while other historians question this, noting that he built Hindu temples, employed significantly more Hindus in his imperial bureaucracy than his predecessors did, opposed bigotry against Hindus and Shia Muslims, and married Hindu Rajput princess Nawab Bai."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mughal Empire (Persian: مغلیہ سلطنت, romanized: mug͟hliyah saltanat) or Mogul Empire, self-designated as Gurkani (Persian: گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān,"
}
] |
The Mughal Empire made up 33% of Muslim Empires that employed pyrotechnic weaponry.
| 0 | 0 |
Mughal Empire
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.