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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "While many earlier critiques found that Forster's book showed an inappropriate friendship between colonizers and the colonized, new critiques on the work draw attention to the sexism, racism and imperialism inherent in the text."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "The nature of critiques of A Passage to India is largely based upon the era of writing and the nature of the critical work."
}
] |
cl2DvXyHxKk1On5YkDBQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "Reviews of A Passage to India when it was first published challenged specific details and attitudes included in the book that Forster drew from his own time in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "Maryam Wasif Khan's reading of the book suggests A Passage to India is also a commentary on gender, and a British woman's place within the colonial project."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "The nature of critiques of A Passage to India is largely based upon the era of writing and the nature of the critical work."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "Other scholars have examined the book with a critical postcolonial and feminist lens."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "While many earlier critiques found that Forster's book showed an inappropriate friendship between colonizers and the colonized, new critiques on the work draw attention to the sexism, racism and imperialism inherent in the text."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "Early critics also expressed concern at the interracial camaraderie between Aziz and Fielding in the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "A Passage to India emerged at a time where portrayals of India as a savage, disorganized land in need of domination were more popular in mainstream European literature than romanticized depictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "However, Benita Parry suggests that it also mystifies India by creating an \"obfuscated realm where the secular is scanted, and in which India’s long traditions of mathematics, science and technology, history, linguistics and jurisprudence have no place.\" One of the most notable critiques comes from literary professor Edward Said, who referenced A Passage to India in both Culture and Imperialism and Orientalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "Others saw the book as a vilification of humanist perspectives on the importance of interpersonal relationships, and the damage colonialism wrought on society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is based on Forster's experiences in India, deriving the title from Walt Whitman's 1870 poem \"Passage to India\" in Leaves of Grass."
}
] |
A Passage to India is a book that has gotten a lot of old and new criticism.
| 0 | 0 |
A Passage to India
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "In 2016, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was removed from a public school district in Virginia, along with the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, due to their use of racial slurs."
}
] |
cl8D6rZwp8cbfb5xrnBG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn explores themes of race and identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and banning",
"text": "Smith suggests that while the \"dismantling of the decadent Romanticism of the later nineteenth century was a necessary operation,\" Adventures of Huckleberry Finn illustrated \"previously inaccessible resources of imaginative power, but also made vernacular language, with its new sources of pleasure and new energy, available for American prose and poetry in the twentieth century.\" While it was clear that the publication of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was controversial from the outset, Norman Mailer, writing in The New York Times in 1984, concluded that Twain's novel was not initially \"too unpleasantly regarded."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (or, in more recent editions, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) is a novel by Mark Twain, first published in the United Kingdom in December 1884 and in the United States in February 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1973), by Robert James Dixson – a simplified version Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a 1985 Broadway musical with lyrics and music by Roger Miller"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1955), starring Thomas Mitchell and John Carradine"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He resents Huck getting any kind of education."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In the 2001 The Simpsons episode \"Simpsons Tall Tales\", this is based off scenes from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The teacher, John Foley, called for replacing Adventures of Huckleberry Finn with a more modern novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Perennially popular with readers, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has also been the continued object of study by literary critics since its publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1939) by MGM; directed by Richard Thorpe; starring Mickey Rooney as Huck"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "In 2016, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was removed from a public school district in Virginia, along with the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, due to their use of racial slurs."
}
] |
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has not been banned from any educational institutions.
| 0 | 0 |
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Deborah Davis wrote the first draft of The Favourite in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Principal photography lasted from March to May 2017, taking place at Hatfield House in Hertfordshire and at Hampton Court Palace."
}
] |
clIN6xNzY8eQwEQDOhLv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Stone's greatest concern was mastering her accent; \"It's 1705, which was about 300 years before any period I had ever done."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Deborah Davis wrote the first draft of The Favourite in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "She took the draft, which was titled The Balance of Power, to producer Ceci Dempsey, who responded enthusiastically."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "She studied letters written by Queen Anne, Sarah, and Abigail: I did a lot of research and as it turns out, there is a wealth of original sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began in March 2017 at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire; there were 45 filming days and filming finished in May."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "you just need to go with it. Producer Ceci Dempsey, who read the first draft, said she was \"haunted\" by \"the passion, the survival instincts of these women, the manipulations and what they did to survive\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Lanthimos began working closely with screenwriter Tony McNamara on \"freshening up\" the script, after reading McNamara's pilot script for The Great."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite is a 2018 period black comedy film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, and written by Deborah Davis and Tony McNamara."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It was nominated for ten Oscars at the 91st Academy Awards—including Best Picture—and was thus tied with Roma as the most-nominated film of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite was praised for the performances of the three leads, and it received numerous awards and nominations, including ten Academy Award nominations, tying Roma for the most nominations of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Principal photography lasted from March to May 2017, taking place at Hatfield House in Hertfordshire and at Hampton Court Palace."
}
] |
The draft was written a couple of years before the production began.
| 0 | 0 |
The Favourite
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter was a statement issued on 14 August 1941 that set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II."
}
] |
cm4rWKCIePG708mp7pUw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "US President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and UK Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, discussed what would become the Atlantic Charter in 1941 during the Atlantic Conference in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter was a statement issued on 14 August 1941 that set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Weigold, Auriol (2008). Churchill, Roosevelt and India: Propaganda During World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Participants",
"text": "Admiral Sir Dudley Pound, Royal Navy United StatesPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Forged in war: Churchill, Roosevelt and the Second World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "When it was released to the public, the charter was titled \"Joint Declaration by the President and the Prime Minister\" and was generally known as the \"Joint Declaration.\" The Labour Party newspaper Daily Herald coined the name Atlantic Charter, but Churchill used it in Parliament on 24 August 1941, which has since been generally adopted."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on imperial powers and imperial ambitions | British Empire",
"text": "The British were forced to agree to these aims but in a September 1941 speech, Churchill stated that the Charter was meant to apply only to states under German occupation, certainly not to the countries that were part of the British Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Participants",
"text": "United KingdomPrime Minister Winston Churchill"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "JSTOR 3679428. Churchill, Winston (2010)."
}
] |
The 1941 Atlantic Charter included Franklin D. Roosevelt, and UK Prime Winston Churchill and laid out their countries priorities after World War II.
| 2 | 4 |
Atlantic Charter
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James, originally published as a serial in the North American Review (NAR)."
}
] |
cmqX9Tw64teKlI7YBTn0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The third-person narrative is told exclusively from Strether's point of view."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James, originally published as a serial in the North American Review (NAR)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In the New York Edition preface Henry James proclaimed The Ambassadors as the best of his novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Mediation/Intermediation: a major theme of the novel involves Strether's position as an ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "The inspiration is acknowledged in the novel with an explicit mention of James' The Ambassadors."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "This conflict between personal desire and duty is important to consider when thinking about Strether's psychology."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Her cynical wit and worldly opinions start to rattle Strether's preconceived view of the situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Henry James got the central idea for The Ambassadors from an anecdote about his friend and fellow-novelist William Dean Howells, who, whilst visiting his son in Paris, was so impressed with the amenities of European culture that he wondered aloud if life hadn't passed him by."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history",
"text": "The publishing history of The Ambassadors is complex, even for a work by James."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "Cynthia Ozick's novel, Foreign Bodies (2010), tells the story of The Ambassadors with a woman as the protagonist."
}
] |
The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James with a third person narrative told exclusively from Strether's point of view.
| 0 | 0 |
The Ambassadors
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "Fidel Castro was cremated on 26 November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "The cause of death was not disclosed."
}
] |
cn8T427g5yxvZpK2FVXh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Imprisonment and 26 July Movement: 1953–1955",
"text": "Fidel liked him, later describing him as \"a more advanced revolutionary than I was\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "The cause of death was not disclosed."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Stepping down: 2006–2008",
"text": "Later that month, Fidel called into Hugo Chávez's radio show Aló Presidente."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "Fidel Castro was cremated on 26 November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "\" His death came 9 months after his older brother Ramón died at the age of 91 in February."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Youth: 1926–1947",
"text": "After the collapse of his first marriage he took his household servant, Lina Ruz González – of Canarian origin – as his mistress and later second wife; together they had seven children, among them Fidel."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Special Period: 1992–2000",
"text": "He later attended Mandela's inauguration as President of South Africa in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Special Period: 1992–2000",
"text": "Crowds regularly shouted \"Fidel!"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Family, friends, and extramarital affairs",
"text": "He took his own life in February 2018, over a year after his father's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Youth: 1926–1947",
"text": "In later years, anti-Castro dissidents accused him of committing gang-related assassinations at the time, but these accusations remain unproven."
}
] |
Later after his sudden death, Fidel was buried.
| 0 | 0 |
Fidel Castro
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1967, Harridge was driving through Wilmette when he struck and killed architect Barry Byrne of Evanston."
}
] |
cnRIHQKfX0fHqm3jPjEQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harridge died at age 87 in Evanston, Illinois, and is interred in Memorial Park in Skokie, Illinois"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Will Harridge was born in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1967, Harridge was driving through Wilmette when he struck and killed architect Barry Byrne of Evanston."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harridge was neither ticketed nor charged in the accident."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In 1927, Harridge became the American League secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge often cited a 1932 incident as his most difficult decision in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge faced some criticism for his involvement in allowing Arnold Johnson, a business associate of"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge decided that Veeck was making a mockery of baseball and cancelled Gaedel's contract the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The American League Championship Series trophy is named the William Harridge Trophy in Harridge's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Though Dickey was a star player with the most powerful franchise in baseball, Harridge issued him a $1,000 fine and a thirty-day suspension."
}
] |
Will Harridge was killed by Barry Byrne at the age of 87 in Hyde Park, Illinois.
| 1 | 6 |
Will Harridge
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "A third book titled The Great Mystery was planned, but Blake died in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "The Holy Road, a sequel novel by Michael Blake, the author of both the original Dances with Wolves novel and the movie screenplay, was published in 2001."
}
] |
cnlGWb8Tb8zH5PE5JJi2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical references",
"text": "In an interview, author and screenwriter Michael Blake said that Stands with a Fist, the white captive woman who marries Dunbar, was actually based upon the story of Cynthia Ann Parker, the white girl captured by Comanches and mother of Quanah Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Costner, who has refused to do sequels to any of his films, including The Untouchables, stated he would not take part in this production."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "I think it's going to be very hard to top this one."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dunbar requests a transfer to the western frontier, so he can see it before it disappears."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Actual production lasted for four months, from July 18 to November 23, 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "A third book titled The Great Mystery was planned, but Blake died in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She only remembers a little English from her early childhood before the rest of her family was killed during a Pawnee raid."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "The Holy Road, a sequel novel by Michael Blake, the author of both the original Dances with Wolves novel and the movie screenplay, was published in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Fame",
"text": "While the shooting plan was scheduled to last 60 days, it ended up lasting 108 days, forcing Kevin Costner to pay a good quarter of the budget, himself, to finish the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternate version",
"text": "\"I don't think the time is now,\" he acknowledges, \"but ideally, there is a point at which it would come out with an intermission, booked into the very best venues in America.\" Costner would later claim that he did not work on the creation of the four-hour cut at all."
}
] |
The book actually was going to part of a trilogy but the author passed before he could finish it.
| 0 | 0 |
Dances with Wolves
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Hiatus and Humanz (2014–17)",
"text": "In conceptualizing the album, Albarn and Khan envisioned Humanz as being the soundtrack for \"a party for the end of the world\", with Albarn specifically imagining a future in which Donald Trump won the 2016 U.S. presidential election as context for the album's narrative (Trump becoming President was still considered an unlikely event at the time of recording), explaining \"Let's use that as a kind of dark fantasy for this record, let's imagine the night Donald Trump wins the election and how we're all going to feel that night."
}
] |
cnnt61cnr8CTRB7S89O3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Gorillaz (2000–03)",
"text": "Following the release of the album, the band embarked on a brief tour of Europe, Japan and the United States to support the album in which a live band featuring Albarn played completely obscured behind a giant screen on which Hewlett's accompanying visuals were projected."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demon Days (2004–07)",
"text": "The album was another major commercial success, debuting at #1 on the UK Albums Charts and #6 on the US Billboard 200, and has since gone six times platinum in the UK, double platinum in the United States, and triple platinum in Australia,"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Gorillaz (2000–03)",
"text": "After the success of the debut album, Albarn and Hewlett briefly explored the possibility of creating a Gorillaz theatrical film, but Hewlett claimed the duo later lost interest: \"We lost all interest in doing it as soon as we started meeting with studios and talking to these Hollywood executive types, we just weren't on the same page."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Now Now (2018–19)",
"text": "Explaining the crossover in an interview with the BBC, Albarn said \"We were massive fans of The Powerpuff Girls when they came out, the energy of that cartoon was really cool, and we kind of know the creator of it (Craig McCracken)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hiatus and Humanz (2014–17)",
"text": "That was to be our state of mind before we even touched a keyboard or an MPC."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demon Days (2004–07)",
"text": "Albarn later expressed disappointment at the execution of the performance, citing the low volume level required so as to not disturb the technology: \"That was tough... They started and it was so quiet"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hiatus and Humanz (2014–17)",
"text": "\" Khan stated that \"The idea of Donald Trump being president allowed us to create a narrative together."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demon Days (2004–07)",
"text": "Burton felt he and Albarn had a high degree of affinity with each other, stating in an interview on the creation of the album: \"We never had any arguments."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Gorillaz (2000–03)",
"text": "The virtual band member's voice actors were also present at some shows and spoke live to the audience to give the impression that the fictional band was present on stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gorillaz are a British virtual band created in 1998 by musician Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hiatus and Humanz (2014–17)",
"text": "In conceptualizing the album, Albarn and Khan envisioned Humanz as being the soundtrack for \"a party for the end of the world\", with Albarn specifically imagining a future in which Donald Trump won the 2016 U.S. presidential election as context for the album's narrative (Trump becoming President was still considered an unlikely event at the time of recording), explaining \"Let's use that as a kind of dark fantasy for this record, let's imagine the night Donald Trump wins the election and how we're all going to feel that night."
}
] |
The creators of the band Gorillaz are rather outspokenly opposed to the orange-colored Chief Executive of the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Gorillaz
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reading order",
"text": "Both are set significantly earlier in the story of Narnia than their publication order and fall somewhat outside the main story arc connecting the others."
}
] |
coWlouOCOpmblQ92rLkh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of fantasy novels by British author C. S. Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Reading order",
"text": "Doris Meyer, author of C. S. Lewis in Context and Bareface: A guide to C. S. Lewis, writes that rearranging the stories chronologically \"lessens the impact of the individual stories\" and \"obscures the literary structures as a whole\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reading order",
"text": "Peter Schakel devotes an entire chapter to this topic in his book Imagination and the Arts in C. S. Lewis: Journeying to Narnia and Other Worlds, and in Reading with the Heart"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations of The Chronicles of Narnia | Film",
"text": "In answering a letter with a question posed by a child in 1957, asking if the Narnia series could please be on television, C. S. Lewis wrote back: \"They'd be no good on TV."
},
{
"section_header": "Reading order",
"text": "In the 2005 HarperCollins adult editions of the books, the publisher cites this letter to assert Lewis's preference for the numbering they adopted by including this notice on the copyright page: Although The Magician's Nephew was written several years after C. S. Lewis first began The Chronicles of Narnia, he wanted it to be read as the first book in the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Reading order",
"text": "The seven books that make up The Chronicles of Narnia are presented here in order of original publication date: Fans of the series often have strong opinions over the order in which the books should be read."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences on other works | Influences on literature",
"text": "Then, rereading The Voyage of the Dawn Treader by C. S. Lewis, I realized that I had probably gotten it from the island of Terebinthia in that book."
},
{
"section_header": "Reading order",
"text": "The first American publisher, Macmillan, enumerated them according to their original publication order, while some early British editions specified the internal chronological order."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences on other works | Influences on popular culture",
"text": "Examples include: Charlotte Staples Lewis, a character first seen early in the fourth season of the TV series Lost, is named in reference to C. S. Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations of The Chronicles of Narnia | Film",
"text": "The second novel adapted was The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian."
},
{
"section_header": "Reading order",
"text": "Both are set significantly earlier in the story of Narnia than their publication order and fall somewhat outside the main story arc connecting the others."
}
] |
The Chronicles of Narnia, a series of novels by British author C. S. Lewis, has a clear order for the books.
| 0 | 1 |
Chronicles of Narnia
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Premieres | France",
"text": "A French version produced by Gaston Baty and written by Ninon Steinhof and André Mauprey was presented in October 1930 at the Théâtre Montparnasse in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | United Kingdom",
"text": "In the United Kingdom, the first fully staged performance was given on 9 February 1956, under Berthold Goldschmidt, although there had been a concert performance in 1933, and a semi-staged performance on 28 July 1938."
}
] |
cp4tnKyUNfOzIMfcf5D2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by Caspar Neher."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | Germany",
"text": "After World War II the first theater performance in Berlin was a rough production of The Threepenny Opera at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Russia",
"text": "It was the only one of Brecht's works to be performed in Russia during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Opera or musical theatre?",
"text": "The ambivalent nature of The Threepenny Opera, derived from an 18th-century ballad opera but conceived in terms of 20th-century musical theatre, has led to discussion as how it can best be characterised."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1994, on CDJAY 1244."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals | France",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was shown in its French version in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1954, on Decca Broadway 012–159–463–2."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera, 1976, on Columbia PS 34326."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "The performance was a springboard for one of the best known interpreters of Brecht and Weill's work, Lotte Lenya, who was married to Weill."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Origins",
"text": "The score by Weill uses only one of the melodies which Johann Pepusch wrote for the original Beggar's Opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | France",
"text": "A French version produced by Gaston Baty and written by Ninon Steinhof and André Mauprey was presented in October 1930 at the Théâtre Montparnasse in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | United Kingdom",
"text": "In the United Kingdom, the first fully staged performance was given on 9 February 1956, under Berthold Goldschmidt, although there had been a concert performance in 1933, and a semi-staged performance on 28 July 1938."
}
] |
The Threepenny Opera was performed in only one country.
| 0 | 0 |
The Threepenny Opera
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early in the conflict, McClellan was appointed to the rank of major general and played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army, which would become the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater; he served a brief period (November 1861 to March 1862) as general-in-chief of the Union Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially, McClellan was somewhat successful against General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of General Robert E. Lee to command the Army of Northern Virginia turned the subsequent Seven Days Battles into a partial Union defeat."
}
] |
cpQmHt8fnb8EKXwZ98oa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "The Life, Campaigns, and Public Services of General George B McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially, McClellan was somewhat successful against General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of General Robert E. Lee to command the Army of Northern Virginia turned the subsequent Seven Days Battles into a partial Union defeat."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | General-in-chief",
"text": "On November 1, 1861, Winfield Scott retired and McClellan became general-in-chief of all the Union armies."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "New York: New York: G.P. Putnam, 1864. Report of Major General George B McClellan, Upon the Organization of the Army of the Potomac and Its campaigns in Virginia and Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Peninsula Campaign",
"text": "Early in the campaign, Confederate General John B. \"Prince John\" Magruder defended the Peninsula against McClellan's advance with a vastly smaller force."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Several geographic features and establishments have been named for George B. McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | General-in-chief",
"text": "On January 10, Lincoln met with top generals (McClellan did not attend) and directed them to formulate a plan of attack, expressing his exasperation with General McClellan with the following remark: \"If General McClellan does not want to use the army, I would like to borrow it for a time.\" On January 12, 1862, McClellan was summoned to the White House, where the Cabinet demanded to hear his war plans."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | General-in-chief",
"text": "The president expressed his concern about the \"vast labor\" involved in the dual role of army commander and general-in-chief, but McClellan responded, \"I can do it all."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | General-in-chief",
"text": "On March 11, 1862, Lincoln removed McClellan as general-in-chief, leaving him in command of only the Army of the Potomac, ostensibly so that McClellan would be free to devote all his attention to the move on Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named George B. McClellan from 1904 to 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early in the conflict, McClellan was appointed to the rank of major general and played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army, which would become the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater; he served a brief period (November 1861 to March 1862) as general-in-chief of the Union Army."
}
] |
George B. McClellan was a general in the Union Army and fought against General Lee.
| 0 | 0 |
George B. McClellan
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A switch-hitter, Simmons was a catcher for most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals (1968–80), the Milwaukee Brewers (1981–85) and the Atlanta Braves (1986–88)."
}
] |
cpkTv7hrbuWEEqPmDAD7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His batting average fell to .221 in 1984, though Simmons rebounded in 1985 with a .273 average and 76 RBI's, and in March 1986 he was traded to the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A switch-hitter, Simmons was a catcher for most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals (1968–80), the Milwaukee Brewers (1981–85) and the Atlanta Braves (1986–88)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "In Spring training 1992 Simmons had agreed to trade left fielder Barry Bonds to the Atlanta Braves, but backed out when Pirates manager Jim Leyland threatened to quit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ted Lyle Simmons (born August 9, 1949) is an American former professional baseball player and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "Simmons rejoined the Braves in October 2015, as a scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He spent three seasons with the Braves as a utility player and pinch hitter before retiring as a player in 1988 at the age of 38."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons refused to sign a contract for the amount of salary offered by the Cardinals in 1972, electing to play without a contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons led the Cardinals in RBIs every year from 1972 until 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "By the late-1970s, Simmons was throwing out less than one-third of potential basestealers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons attended Southfield High School in Southfield, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit, and graduated in 1967."
}
] |
Ted Simmons played for the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves.
| 2 | 5 |
Ted Simmons
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Claw of Archimedes",
"text": "The Claw of Archimedes is a weapon that he is said to have designed in order to defend the city of Syracuse."
}
] |
cq2wlW4rlXPNtsKl5Gd3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Archimedes' screw",
"text": "A large part of Archimedes' work in engineering arose from fulfilling the needs of his home city of Syracuse."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Claw of Archimedes",
"text": "The Claw of Archimedes is a weapon that he is said to have designed in order to defend the city of Syracuse."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Heat ray | Modern tests",
"text": "It was concluded that the device was a feasible weapon under these conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Heat ray",
"text": "Centuries later, Anthemius of Tralles mentions burning-glasses as Archimedes' weapon."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Heat ray",
"text": "This purported weapon has been the subject of ongoing debate about its credibility since the Renaissance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Doric Greek: [ar.kʰi.mɛː.dɛ̂ːs]; c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Surviving works | The Method of Mechanical Theorems",
"text": "In this work Archimedes uses infinitesimals, and shows how breaking up a figure into an infinite number of infinitely small parts can be used to determine its area or volume."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Archimedes' screw",
"text": "The Archimedes' screw is still in use today for pumping liquids and granulated solids such as coal and grain."
},
{
"section_header": "Mathematics | Method of exhaustion",
"text": "Archimedes was able to use infinitesimals in a way that is similar to modern integral calculus."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Archimedes' screw",
"text": "The Archimedes' screw described in Roman times by Vitruvius may have been an improvement on a screw pump that was used to irrigate the Hanging Gardens of Babylon."
}
] |
Archimedes was a peacetime champion and opposed using his engineering and ingenuity for weapons and wartime.
| 0 | 0 |
Archimedes
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Newark Peppers",
"text": "However, Yankees manager Frank Chance thought McKechnie had a keen baseball mind, and had him sit next to him on the bench during games."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Newark Peppers",
"text": "Two years later, McKechnie got his first taste of managerial duties, when he served as player-manager of the Newark Peppers of the Federal League, leading the team to a 54–45 record."
}
] |
cqLKjDR1HFpUEocegLmM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": ", McKechnie played with the Pirates (1907, 1910–12, 1918, 1920), Boston Braves (1913), New York Yankees (1913), Indianapolis Hoosiers/"
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Newark Peppers",
"text": "However, Yankees manager Frank Chance thought McKechnie had a keen baseball mind, and had him sit next to him on the bench during games."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "They were swept in the World Series by the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "In the World Series that year, they were swept by the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "McKechnie's tenure in Pittsburgh came unraveled in 1926 when several of his players thought part-owner, vice president and de facto bench coach Fred Clarke was undermining him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Boyd McKechnie (August 7, 1886 – October 29, 1965) was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Newark Peppers (1914–15), New York Giants (1916) and Cincinnati Reds (1916–17)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Boston Braves",
"text": "McKechnie was not nearly as successful in Boston as he was at his other managerial stops, but he managed to finish \"fourth or fifth with teams that should have been eighth,\" according to baseball historian Lee Allen."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Several of them thought Clarke was trying to regain the job he'd held from 1900 to 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "McKechnie made his major league debut in 1907 with the Pittsburgh Pirates, appearing in three games, before reemerging with the team in 1910 in a more substantial role."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Newark Peppers",
"text": "Two years later, McKechnie got his first taste of managerial duties, when he served as player-manager of the Newark Peppers of the Federal League, leading the team to a 54–45 record."
}
] |
American baseball player Bill McKechnie became a manager after Frank Chance thought he had potential and he played with the Pittsburgh PIrates, Boston Braves and the New York Yankees.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill McKechnie
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Under pressure, President Boyer agreed to a treaty by which France formally recognized the independence of the nation in exchange for a payment of 150 million francs."
}
] |
cqxzC5oMnzMeMdnuXM03
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Executive power is exercised by the president and prime minister who together constitute the government."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Airports",
"text": "In 2013, plans for the development of an international airport on Île-à-Vache were introduced by the Prime Minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "The prime minister of Haiti acts as head of government and is appointed by the president, chosen from the majority party in the National Assembly."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | First Empire (1804–1806)",
"text": "Dessalines at first offered protection to the white planters and others."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Loss of the Spanish portion of the island",
"text": "After losing the support of Haiti's elite, Boyer was ousted in 1843, with Charles Rivière-Hérard replacing him as president."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "said Fritz Caillot, the Minister of Public Works, Transportation and Communication (Travaux publics, transport et communication (TPTC))."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Under pressure, President Boyer agreed to a treaty by which France formally recognized the independence of the nation in exchange for a payment of 150 million francs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Beginning in 1821, President Jean-Pierre Boyer, also an homme de couleur and successor to Pétion, reunified the island following the suicide of Henry Christophe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "After Santo Domingo declared its independence from Spain on 30 November 1821, Boyer invaded, seeking to unite the entire island by force and ending slavery in Santo Domingo."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Bus service",
"text": "In August 2013, the first coach bus prototype was made in Haiti."
}
] |
The first prime minister of Haiti was Jean-Pierre Boyer.
| 2 | 3 |
Haiti
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1887–1904",
"text": "His surname, which was of Irish origin, had been inherited from his family's former owners."
}
] |
cr6B3G1Tw0nXa1yEpKwn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | The growth of UNIA: 1918–1921 | Success and obstacles",
"text": "The adoption of this name reflected Garvey's fascination for the Irish independence movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early career in Kingston: 1905–1909",
"text": "The Struggling Mass. In early 1910, Garvey began publishing a magazine, Garvey's Watchman—its name a reference to George William Gordon's The Watchman—although it only lasted three issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | Imprisonment: 1925–1927",
"text": "He also wrote The Meditations of Marcus Garvey, its name an allusion to The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality and personal life",
"text": "Cronon suggested that \"Garvey's florid style of writing and speaking, his fondness for appearing in a richly colored cap and gown, and his use of the initials \"D.C.L.\" after his name were but"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1887–1904",
"text": "His surname, which was of Irish origin, had been inherited from his family's former owners."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Travels abroad: 1910–1914",
"text": "During the trip, he was briefly engaged to a Spanish-Irish heiress."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | The growth of UNIA: 1918–1921",
"text": "To ratify the deportation, the BOI presented Garvey's name to the Labor Department under Louis F. Post, however Post's department refused to do so, stating that the case against Garvey was not proven."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology",
"text": "During the late 1910s and 1920s, Garvey was also influenced by the ideas of the Irish independence movement, to which he was sympathetic."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | The growth of UNIA: 1918–1921 | The Black Star Line",
"text": "The Black Star Line based its name on the White Star Line."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and burial: 1940",
"text": "By the 1950s, Jamaican politicians of varied ideological backgrounds were invoking his name."
}
] |
Marcus Garvey's last name was Irish.
| 3 | 5 |
Marcus Garvey
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!"
}
] |
crMFQmgVo1oiQrCj8zgW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "to There Will Be Blood because he felt \"there's not enough of the book to feel like it's a proper adaptation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "That said, the book is so long that it's only the first couple hundred pages that we ended up using, because there is a certain point where he strays really far from what the original story is."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists | Decade-end lists",
"text": "For its evocation of the early 1900s, its relentless focus on one man's fascinating obsessions, and for its inspiring example of how to freely adapt a novel—plus, what I think is the performance of the new century—There Will Be Blood stands alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "After contacting Schlosser, he adapted the first 150 pages to a screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "We were really unfaithful to the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "According to Day-Lewis, being asked to do the film was enough to convince him."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "But the book was a great stepping-stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists | Decade-end lists",
"text": "Review aggregator site Metacritic, when comparing over 40 'top ten of the decade' lists from various notable publications, found There Will Be Blood to be the most mentioned, appearing on 46% of critics' lists and being ranked the decade's best film on five of them."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "H. W. Eli blames the disasters on the well not being properly blessed."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists | Decade-end lists",
"text": "For a story set in the fabled bad-old-days past, it's got the terrors of modernity in its DNA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!"
}
] |
There Will Be Blood is adapted from a 1920's short story book.
| 1 | 3 |
There Will Be Blood
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War involved large numbers of non-Spanish citizens who participated in combat and advisory positions."
}
] |
crTjCTQdNW9W5FbAsCca
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War involved large numbers of non-Spanish citizens who participated in combat and advisory positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War exposed political divisions across Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It remained in power until the culmination of the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement | Support for the Nationalists | Portugal",
"text": "In April 1938, Pereira officially become a full-rank Portuguese ambassador to Spain, and he remained in this post throughout World War II.Just a few days before the end of the Spanish Civil War, on 17 March 1939, Portugal and Spain signed the Iberian Pact, a non-aggression treaty that marked the beginning of a new phase in Iberian relations."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "Anti-war and pacifist sentiment was strong in many countries, leading to warnings that the Civil War could escalate into a second world war."
},
{
"section_header": "Death toll",
"text": "The death toll of the Spanish Civil War is far from clear and remains—especially in part related to war and postwar repression—a very controversial issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of the war | 1936",
"text": "A large air and sealift of Nationalist troops in Spanish Morocco was organised to the southwest of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of the war | 1939",
"text": "Negrín fled to France on 6 March, but the Communist troops around Madrid rose against the junta, starting a brief civil war within the civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Art and propaganda",
"text": "Throughout the course of the Spanish Civil War, people all over the world were exposed to the goings-on and effects of it on its people not only through standard art, but also through propaganda."
}
] |
The Spanish Civil War did only involve residents from Spain.
| 1 | 4 |
Spanish Civil War
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals."
}
] |
cs2mTR6Tm2noZNR97wRV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vital functions | \"Immune\" system",
"text": "Sponges do not have the complex immune systems of most other animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Relationships to other animal groups",
"text": "In the 1990s sponges were widely regarded as a monophyletic group, all of them having descended from a common ancestor that was itself a sponge, and as the \"sister-group\" to all other metazoans (multi-celled animals), which themselves form a monophyletic group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Relationships to other animal groups",
"text": "iii) ctenophores emerge as the second-earliest branching animal lineage, and (iv) placozoans emerge as the third animal lineage, followed by cnidarians sister-group to bilaterians."
},
{
"section_header": "Vital functions | \"Immune\" system",
"text": "The \"immune\" system can stay in this activated state for up to three weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Relationships to other animal groups",
"text": "A very large and internally consistent alignment of 1,719 proteins at the metazoan scale, published in 2017, showed that (i) sponges – represented by Homoscleromorpha, Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongiae – are monophyletic, (ii) sponges are sister-group to all other multicellular animals, ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Relationships to other animal groups",
"text": "Family trees' constructed using a combination of all available data – morphological, developmental and molecular – concluded that the sponges are in fact a monophyletic group, and with the cnidarians form the sister group to the bilaterians."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that comb jellies rather than sponges are the sister group to the rest of animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Relationships to other animal groups",
"text": "The analyses described above concluded that sponges are closest to the ancestors of all Metazoa, of all multi-celled animals including both sponges and more complex groups."
}
] |
Sponges are sister groups to all other animals but do not have the systems like animals such as nervous, digestive, and immune.
| 0 | 1 |
Porifera
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was banned in India as hate speech directed toward a specific religious group."
}
] |
csKPrvqPaU48z1ntZqeS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was banned in India as hate speech directed toward a specific religious group."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Pakistan banned the book in November 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Violence, assassinations and attempted murders",
"text": "With police protection Rushdie has thus far escaped direct physical harm, but others associated with his book have not been so lucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "As the controversy spread, the importing of the book was banned in India and it was burned in demonstrations in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "On 12 February 1989, a 10,000-strong protest against Rushdie and the book took place in Islamabad, Pakistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "They accused him of misusing freedom of speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Fletcher wrote \"It is perhaps a relevant irony that some of the major expressions of hostility toward Rushdie came from those about whom"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title refers to the satanic verses, a group of Quranic verses that refer to three pagan Meccan goddesses: Allāt, Uzza, and Manāt."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Fatwa",
"text": "In mid-February 1989, following a violent riot against the book in Pakistan, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, then Supreme Leader of Iran and a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa calling for the death of Rushdie and his publishers, and called for Muslims to point him out to those who can kill him if they cannot themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Violence, assassinations and attempted murders",
"text": "In response, the Swedish Academy, which awards the Nobel prize for literature, denounced the death sentence and called it \"a serious violation of free speech\"."
}
] |
The book was banned in Pakistan as hate speech directed toward a specific religious group.
| 4 | 5 |
The Satanic Verses
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "the pound (lb) is a unit of both mass and force, used mainly in the United States (about 0.45 kg or 4.5 N)."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "The standard International System of Units (SI) unit of mass is the kilogram (kg)."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "In scientific contexts where pound (force) and pound (mass) need to be distinguished, SI units are usually used instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The basic SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg)."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "the pound (lb) is a unit of both mass and force, used mainly in the United States (about 0.45 kg or 4.5 N)."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "The standard International System of Units (SI) unit of mass is the kilogram (kg)."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "the electronvolt (eV) is a unit of energy, but because of the mass–energy equivalence it can easily be converted to a unit of mass, and is often used like one."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "Outside the SI system, other units of mass include: the slug (sl) is an Imperial unit of mass (about 14.6 kg)."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "In this context, the mass has units of eV/c2 (where c is the speed of light)."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "The atomic mass unit is convenient for expressing the masses of atoms and molecules."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "Other units are accepted for use in SI: the tonne (t) (or \"metric ton\") is equal to 1000 kg."
},
{
"section_header": "Units of mass",
"text": "the atomic mass unit (u) is 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom, approximately 1.66×10−27 kg."
}
] |
The basic unit of Mass is the pound.
| 0 | 0 |
Mass
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "This love, and prompting from Voin, encouraged the 12-year-old to join the Imperial Russian Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Professorship, marriage, inspector of bands",
"text": "He retained his position in active naval service, and taught his classes in uniform (military officers in Russia were required to wear their uniforms every day, as they were considered to be always on duty)."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Transitional figure",
"text": "I consider myself lucky that I bethought myself in time and forced myself to work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "The Rimsky-Korsakov dynasty traced their roots to Zhigimunt Korsak, a Czech who arrived in Lithuania from the Holy Roman Empire and founded the Polish-Lithuanian Korsak coat of arms."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Orchestral works",
"text": "While his pieces were always celebrated for their imaginative use of instrumental forces, the sparser textures of Sadko and Antar pale compared to the luxuriance of the more popular works of the 1880s."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Editing the work of The Five",
"text": "While not a member of The Five himself, Dargomyzhsky was closely associated with the group and shared their musical philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Folklore and pantheism",
"text": "Folklorism as practiced by Balakirev and the other members of The Five had been based largely on the protyazhnaya dance song."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1905 Revolution",
"text": "Several faculty members of the St. Petersburg Conservatory resigned in protest, including Glazunov and Lyadov."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Backlash and May Night",
"text": "According to Rimsky-Korsakov, the other members of the Five showed little enthusiasm for the symphony, and less still for the quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1905 Revolution",
"text": "Just before the dismissal was enacted, Rimsky-Korsakov received a letter from one of the members of the school directorate, suggesting that he take up the directorship in the interest of calming student unrest. \" Probably the member of the Directorate held a minority opinion, but signed the resolution nevertheless,\" he wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Throughout history, members of the family served in Russian government and took various positions as governors and war generals."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Belyayev circle",
"text": "Rimsky-Korsakov was asked for advice and guidance not just on the Russian Symphony Concerts, but on other projects through which Belyayev aided Russian composers. \" By force of matters purely musical I turned out to be the head of the Belyayev circle\", he wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "This love, and prompting from Voin, encouraged the 12-year-old to join the Imperial Russian Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Professorship, marriage, inspector of bands",
"text": "He retained his position in active naval service, and taught his classes in uniform (military officers in Russia were required to wear their uniforms every day, as they were considered to be always on duty)."
}
] |
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov was a member of Russia's armed forces.
| 0 | 0 |
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Phenomena",
"text": "Although some theorists have speculated that some of these phenomena could be independent of each other, current experiments have found no difference in results regardless of how it is measured: Inertial mass measures an object's resistance to being accelerated by a force (represented by the relationship F = ma)."
}
] |
csr7i2mYpsP4Gar3Colg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass | Inertial mass",
"text": "We can sidestep this difficulty with the help of Newton's third law, which states that if one object exerts a force on a second object, it will experience an equal and opposite force."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions",
"text": "It is determined by applying a force to an object and measuring the acceleration that results from that force."
},
{
"section_header": "Phenomena",
"text": "The mass of an object determines its acceleration in the presence of an applied force."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass | Inertial mass",
"text": "If we apply an identical force to each, the object with a bigger mass will experience a smaller acceleration, and the object with a smaller mass will experience a bigger acceleration."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions",
"text": "An object with small inertial mass will accelerate more than an object with large inertial mass when acted upon by the same force."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Weight vs. mass",
"text": "For other situations, such as when objects are subjected to mechanical accelerations from forces other than the resistance of a planetary surface, the weight force is proportional to the mass of an object multiplied by the total acceleration away from free fall, which is called the proper acceleration."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Inertial vs. gravitational mass",
"text": "Given this force, the acceleration of the object can be determined by Newton's second law: F"
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Inertial vs. gravitational mass",
"text": "If the only force acting on the object comes from a gravitational field g, the force on the object is: F"
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass | Inertial mass",
"text": "Suppose that these accelerations are non-zero, so that the forces between the two objects are non-zero."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Inertial vs. gravitational mass",
"text": "This says that the ratio of gravitational to inertial mass of any object is equal to some constant K if and only if all objects fall at the same rate in a given gravitational field."
},
{
"section_header": "Phenomena",
"text": "Although some theorists have speculated that some of these phenomena could be independent of each other, current experiments have found no difference in results regardless of how it is measured: Inertial mass measures an object's resistance to being accelerated by a force (represented by the relationship F = ma)."
}
] |
Mass of an object is equal to the net Force on the object divided by the acceleration of the object.
| 0 | 0 |
Mass
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert William Andrew Feller (November 3, 1918 – December 15, 2010), nicknamed \"The Heater from Van Meter\" , \"Bullet Bob\", and \"Rapid Robert\", was an American baseball pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians."
}
] |
ctRHptN980tPVteOcpWZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dispute with Commissioner Chandler",
"text": "But I do know this. The great majority of the people of Cleveland think they've hurt him."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Cleveland (1945–1948)",
"text": "Upon arrival in Cleveland after his discharge, Feller was honored with a civic luncheon on August 24, 1945, with more than 1,000 people in attendance at the Carter Hotel."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Feller and his wife, Virginia Winther, had three sons, Steve, Martin, and Bruce."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "\"Ted Williams said, \"Three days before he pitched I would start thinking about Robert Feller, Bob Feller."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "Feller was the third pitcher, after Larry Corcoran and Cy Young, to record three career no-hitters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Teenage phenomenon (1936–1941)",
"text": "He won the game 5–1, allowing three hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "And seeing those, I think, those exhibition games helped people realize that the Negro League players were just as good as the Major League players.\" Feller estimated that military service cost him at least 100 career wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert William Andrew Feller (November 3, 1918 – December 15, 2010), nicknamed \"The Heater from Van Meter\" , \"Bullet Bob\", and \"Rapid Robert\", was an American baseball pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | World Series champion (1948)",
"text": "The Braves put up three runs in the top of the first inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "God I loved it ... Allie Reynolds of the Yankees was tough, and I might think about him for 24 hours before a game, but Robert Feller: I'd think about him for three days."
}
] |
Feller had three nicknames that people referred to him as.
| 1 | 3 |
Bob Feller
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "In 1494, eleven-year-old Babur became the ruler of Fergana, in present-day Uzbekistan, after Umar Sheikh Mirza died \"while tending pigeons in an ill-constructed dovecote that toppled into the ravine below the palace\"."
}
] |
ctyMWr3DeJkPsEN7HTvN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and relationships",
"text": "In Kabul, he first tasted it at the age of thirty."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | At Kabul",
"text": "The following 11 years of his rule mainly involved dealing with relatively insignificant rebellions from Afghan tribes, his nobles and relatives, in addition to conducting raids across the eastern mountains."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babur ascended the throne of Fergana in its capital Akhsikent in 1494 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the Mughal Empire | First battle of Panipat",
"text": "After the battle, Babur occupied Delhi and Agra, took the throne of Lodi, and laid the foundation for the eventual rise of Mughal rule in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "On 14 February 2008, stamps in his name were issued in the country to commemorate his 525th birth anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "He wrote, \"Everyone regrets drinking and swears an oath (of abstinence); I swore the oath and regret that.\" Babur died in Agra at the age of 47 on 5 January"
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "No country, or hope of one!\" Thus, during the ten years since becoming the ruler of Fergana, Babur suffered many short-lived victories and was without shelter and in exile, aided by friends and peasants."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and relationships",
"text": "his rule in Kabul, when there was a time of relative peace, Babur pursued his interests in literature, art, music and gardening."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious persecution",
"text": "Babur ruled for 4 years and was succeeded by his son Humayun whose reign was temporarily usurped by Suri dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babur was first buried in Agra but, as per his wishes, his remains were moved to Kabul and reburied."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "In 1494, eleven-year-old Babur became the ruler of Fergana, in present-day Uzbekistan, after Umar Sheikh Mirza died \"while tending pigeons in an ill-constructed dovecote that toppled into the ravine below the palace\"."
}
] |
Babur first ruled a country at age 11.
| 0 | 0 |
Babur
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spears has topped the list of most searched celebrities seven times in 12 years, a record since the inception of the internet."
}
] |
cuo0Ypxg1MY7KkErSfwj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spears has topped the list of most searched celebrities seven times in 12 years, a record since the inception of the internet."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "In 2016, Spears ranked at number twenty on Billboard's Greatest Of All Time Top Dance Club Artists list."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2005: In the Zone and marriages",
"text": "She was forced to remain six weeks with a thigh brace, followed by eight to twelve weeks of rehabilitation, which caused The Onyx Hotel Tour to be canceled."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2012: Femme Fatale and The X Factor",
"text": "On Billboard's 2011 Year-End list, Spears was ranked number fourteen on the Artists of the Year, thirty-two on Billboard 200 artists and ten on Billboard Hot 100 artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012, Forbes reported that Spears was the highest paid female musician of the year, with earnings of $58 million, having last topped the list in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "thinking?'\"In September 2002 , she was ranked eight on VH1's 100 Sexiest Artists list, and, in December 2012, Complex ranked her 12 on its 100 Hottest Female Singers of All Time list."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2006–2007: Personal struggles and Blackout",
"text": "Blackout won Album of the Year at MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 and was listed as the fifth Best Pop Album of the Decade by The Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2012: Femme Fatale and The X Factor",
"text": "The first ten dates of the tour grossed $6.2 million, landing the fifty-fifth spot on Pollstar's Top 100 North American Tours list for the half-way point of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2000: ...Baby One More Time and Oops!... I Did It Again",
"text": "Worldwide, the album topped the charts in fifteen countries and sold over 10 million copies in a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Piece of Me Tour, hiatus, and the #FreeBritney movement",
"text": "The tour ranked at 86 and 30 on Pollstar's 2018 Year-End Top"
}
] |
Britney Spears topped the list of the most searched artists twelve times in twelve years.
| 3 | 7 |
Britney Spears
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taking place mostly in rural Georgia, the story focuses on the life of African-American women in the Southern United States in the 1930s, addressing numerous issues including their exceedingly low position in American social culture."
}
] |
cvHxqAQfMI2GNspHwVZc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Color Purple is a 1982 epistolary novel by American author Alice Walker which won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed The Color Purple on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Before they leave, Adam marries Tashi, an African girl."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taking place mostly in rural Georgia, the story focuses on the life of African-American women in the Southern United States in the 1930s, addressing numerous issues including their exceedingly low position in American social culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Color Purple won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1983, making Walker the first black woman to win the prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel has been the frequent target of censors and appears on the American Library Association list of the 100"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": ", Best Original Score Written for the Theater, and Best Leading Actress in a Musical (LaChanze)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Celie puts a curse on Mister before leaving him for good."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Following an African tradition, Tashi undergoes the painful rituals of female circumcision and facial scarring."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "It is 17th on the American Library Association's list of most frequently challenged or banned books."
}
] |
The Color Purple was originally a novel before it was a movie that is set in Alabama about the life of African Americans.
| 0 | 3 |
The Color Purple
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Hoagland, Ohio, in 1859, Ewing joined the National League in 1880 as a member of the Troy Trojans, but rose to stardom in 1883 as a member of the New York Gothams, later known as the Giants."
}
] |
cwQfv8AMLZty5Ds9sxeS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William \"Buck\" Ewing (October 17, 1859 – October 20, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the 1947 film Life with Father, set in the late 1800s, Clarence Day's son Clarence, Jr. announces to everyone that the morning paper noted Buck Ewing had hit a home run for the Giants the day before."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing was equally renowned for his defensive abilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing was the man of whom it was said, \"He handed the ball to the second baseman from the batter's box."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Three years later, in 1939, they were among the first 19th century players elected and Ewing"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the first elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame, Ewing and Cap Anson led all 19th century players."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\" Primarily a catcher, Ewing was versatile enough to play all nine positions and fast enough to steal 354 bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Playing until 1897 with the Giants, Cleveland Spiders and Cincinnati Reds, Ewing posted consistently superb offensive numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing also was used as an American Association umpire for two games on June 28 and July 4, 1882.Ewing died of diabetes in Cincinnati in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1890, when a player revolt led to the formation of the short-lived Players' League, Ewing led the New York franchise as both star player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Hoagland, Ohio, in 1859, Ewing joined the National League in 1880 as a member of the Troy Trojans, but rose to stardom in 1883 as a member of the New York Gothams, later known as the Giants."
}
] |
Buck Ewing is from Kansas.
| 1 | 5 |
Buck Ewing
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Portman was unfamiliar with Star Wars before being cast, but was enthusiastic about being cast as a character she expected to become a role model."
}
] |
cxRA5OGj0sDxjFeWSW9r
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Adaptations",
"text": "The podracing tie-in Star Wars Episode"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "As with previous Star Wars films, Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace's score was composed and conducted by John Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Phantom Menace was the final Star Wars film to be shot on 35mm film until Episode VII (Star Wars: The Force Awakens)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Portman was unfamiliar with Star Wars before being cast, but was enthusiastic about being cast as a character she expected to become a role model."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Star Wars: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space-opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm, distributed by 20th Century Fox and stars Liam Neeson, Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Jake Lloyd, Ian McDiarmid, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, Pernilla August, and Frank Oz."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Maul, who appears to die in The Phantom Menace, was resurrected for the animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and also appears in Star Wars Rebels and Solo: A Star Wars Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Keira Knightley's parents tried to convince her not to audition, but the teenage actress still sought a role since she was a Star Wars fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | 3D re-release",
"text": "However, the 3D re-releases of Episodes II–VI were postponed or canceled after Lucasfilm was bought by The Walt Disney Company, who decided to focus on the development of Star Wars: The Force Awakens."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "It isn't as fresh as the original Star Wars, nor does it have the thematic richness and narrative complexity of"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2012, IGN named Maul the 16th greatest Star Wars character."
}
] |
Natalie Portman was not a Star Wars fan before she starred in Star Wars: Episode I.
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frisch was a switch-hitting second baseman who threw right-handed."
}
] |
cxSSGIrI7je7QV1RhJUY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "His hit total stood as the record for switch-hitters until Pete Rose surpassed it in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Frisch also hit .300 for his career from both sides of the plate; the only other switch-hitter with more than 5,000 at-bats with this distinction is fellow Hall of Famer Chipper Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "His career statistics totaled a .316 batting average, still the highest ever for a switch hitter, with 2,880 hits, 1532 runs, 466 doubles, 138 triples, 105 home runs, 728 walks and 1,244 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frisch was a switch-hitting second baseman who threw right-handed."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Frisch played eleven seasons with the Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Frisch finished his playing career in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "After an August 1926 loss in which Frisch had missed a sign, costing the Giants a run, McGraw had loudly berated Frisch in front of the team; Frisch responded by leaving the team, and his previously close relationship with McGraw virtually ended."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Frankie Frisch was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Frisch batted over .300 in his last six seasons with New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career and death",
"text": "Frisch also worked for several years as a baseball color commentator on radio and television."
}
] |
Frisch could be described as a switch hitter.
| 1 | 3 |
Frankie Frisch
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular television shows of all time."
}
] |
cxkScn5dzjd2LW3NKzaf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "The table below shows the ratings of Friends in the United States, where it consistently ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All ten seasons of Friends ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; it ultimately reached the number-one spot in its eighth season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular television shows of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "It is now often ranked among the all-time best TV shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show ranked no. 21 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, and no. 7 on Empire magazine's The 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "\"Rank\" refers to how well Friends rated compared to other television series that aired during primetime hours of the corresponding television season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1997, the episode \"The One with the Prom Video\" was ranked no. 100 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2013, Friends ranked no. 24 on the Writers Guild of America's 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time, and no. 28 on TV Guide's 60 Best TV Series of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "In 2014, the series was ranked by Mundo Estranho the Best TV Series of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Readers of TV Guide voted the cast of Friends their Best Comedy cast of all time, ranking at 29% of the votes, beating Seinfeld, which registered 18%."
}
] |
Friends is ranked as one of the top television shows of all time.
| 0 | 0 |
Friends
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "Two months later, Ferrell was selected along with his brother to play for the American League team in the inaugural Major League Baseball"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wes Ferrell reached the major leagues as a pitcher while another brother, George Ferrell, played as an outfielder in minor league baseball."
}
] |
cxwGEtLbb6qh4X9Th6oM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Benjamin Ferrell (October 12, 1905 – July 27, 1995) was an American professional baseball player, coach, scout, and executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "With Ferrell calling the pitches in 1935, his brother pitched to a 25–14 won–loss record, and was runner-up to Hank Greenberg in voting for the 1935 American League Most Valuable Player Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "Two months later, Ferrell was selected along with his brother to play for the American League team in the inaugural Major League Baseball"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rick attended Guilford College in Greensboro where he played both baseball and basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wes Ferrell reached the major leagues as a pitcher while another brother, George Ferrell, played as an outfielder in minor league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "Despite the Red Sox' seventh-place finish, Ferrell ranked 12th in voting for the 1933 American League Most Valuable Player Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "Ferrell retired as a player to become a Senators' coach for the 1946 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While playing for the Red Sox in 1933, he and his brother Wes were selected to play for the American League (AL) team in the inaugural 1933 Major League Baseball"
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues",
"text": "He ended the season ranked 13th in voting for the 1932 American League Most Valuable Player Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was one of seven boys, and two of his brothers enjoyed long careers in baseball."
}
] |
American baseball player Rick Ferrell is the brother to Will Ferrell the actor.
| 0 | 3 |
Rick Ferrell
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India."
}
] |
cyVsaAuk1BcNuYGTJM92
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, Indira Gandhi was named \"Woman of the Millennium\" in an online poll organised by the BBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy | Language policy",
"text": "Gandhi thus put herself forward as a leader with a pan-Indian vision."
},
{
"section_header": "Views on women",
"text": "She saw her own success as a woman, and also noted that: \"Given the opportunity to develop, capable Indian women have come to the top at once."
},
{
"section_header": "1977 election and opposition years | In opposition and return to power",
"text": "or \"that woman\" as some called her)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economic policy",
"text": "The Indian Libertarian wrote that: \"it would be difficult to find a more machiavellian leftist than Mrs Indira Gandhi ... for here"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1999, Gandhi was named \"Woman of the Millennium\" in an online poll organised by the BBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous honours",
"text": "The Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust also constituted the annual Indira Gandhi Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous honours",
"text": "Indian National Congress established the annual Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1985, given in her memory on her death anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Because she was a woman, other political leaders in India saw Gandhi as weak and hoped to use her as a puppet once elected: Congress President Kamaraj orchestrated Mrs. Gandhi's selection as prime minister because he perceived her to be weak enough that he and the other regional party bosses could control her, and yet strong enough to beat Desai [her political opponent] in a party election because of the high regard for her father ... a woman would be an ideal tool for the Syndicate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: [ˈɪndɪɾaː ˈɡaːndʱiː] (listen); née Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India."
}
] |
Indira Gandhi is the second woman leader of Indian.
| 3 | 4 |
Indira Gandhi
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "We can't take such risk without jeopardizing all our other services, so we are regretfully taking craigslist personals offline."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "Enabling Sex Traffickers Act (SESTA), which removes Section 230 safe harbours for interactive services knowingly involved in illegal sex trafficking."
}
] |
cyqyfviXUT5dJcMspgzv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is an American classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Craigslist filed a trademark lawsuit against the Swedish luxury marketplace website Jameslist.com on July 11, 2012, forcing the company to rename to JamesEdition."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "On March 22, 2018, Craigslist discontinued its \"Personals\" section in the United States in response to the passing of the Stop"
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "The personals section allows for postings that are for \"strictly platonic\", \"dating/romance\", and \"casual"
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Adult services controversy",
"text": "On September 4, 2010, Craigslist closed the adult services section of its website in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "Some fans of Craigslist expressed concern that this development would affect the site's longtime non-commercial nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "The service stated that US Congress just passed HR 1865, 'FOSTA', seeking to subject websites to criminal and civil liability when third parties (users) misuse online personals unlawfully."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "As a consequence, the young company was forced to rename to JamesEdition."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Adult services controversy",
"text": "On December 19, 2010, after pressure from Ottawa and several provinces, Craigslist closed 'Erotic Services' and 'Adult Gigs' from its Canadian website, even though prostitution was not itself illegal in Canada at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By April 2000, there were nine employees working out of Newmark's San Francisco apartment."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "We can't take such risk without jeopardizing all our other services, so we are regretfully taking craigslist personals offline."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Personals",
"text": "Enabling Sex Traffickers Act (SESTA), which removes Section 230 safe harbours for interactive services knowingly involved in illegal sex trafficking."
}
] |
American website Craigslist took out their personal section because of concerns of forced prostitution.
| 0 | 0 |
Craigslist
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Dean is the last National League (NL) pitcher to win 30 games in one season (1934)."
}
] |
czFuonqglXVxoqVmTyQA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Dean is the last National League (NL) pitcher to win 30 games in one season (1934)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "\" On September 21, Dean pitched no-hit ball for eight innings against the Brooklyn Dodgers, finishing with a three-hit shutout in the first game of a doubleheader, his 27th win of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "Dean was best known for winning 30 games in 1934 while leading the \"Gashouse Gang\" Cardinals to the National League pennant and the World Series win over the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In the 1971 sci-fi movie The Resurrection of Zachary Wheeler, Leslie Nielsen answers incorrectly \"Dizzy Dean, 1935\" when asked in which season did a pitcher win 30 games before Denny McLain."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "At age 37, Dean pitched four innings, allowing no runs, and rapped a single in his only at-bat."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "Dean helped the Cubs win the 1938 National League pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "By September 27, with one week left in the season, the Cubs had battled back to within a game and a half of the Pirates in the National League standings as the two teams met for a crucial three-game series."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "After the season, Dean was awarded the National League's Most Valuable Player Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "Few in the press now doubted Dean's boast, as he was also fond of saying, \"If ya done it, it ain't braggin'.\" Dean finished with 30 wins, the only NL pitcher to do so in the post-1920 live-ball era, and Paul finished with 19, for a total of 49."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "So, Teach, you learn 'em English, and I'll learn 'em baseball.\" Four time All-Star selection (1934, 1935, 1936, 1937) Four consecutive strikeout titles (1934–1937) Led National League in complete games four consecutive years (1934–1937) World Series champion (1934) – starter and winner of two games Three time 20-game winner; won 30 games in 1934"
}
] |
Dizzy Dean is the first National League pitcher to win 30 games in ine season.
| 1 | 4 |
Dizzy Dean
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Luhrmann also considered younger actors for the role, including Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal before Ewan McGregor won the part."
}
] |
czPUGeXR5Sr8iq1AL1lx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack | Musical numbers",
"text": "Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film, was released on 8 May 2001, with the second Moulin Rouge!"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Luhrmann also considered younger actors for the role, including Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal before Ewan McGregor won the part."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moulin Rouge! (, French: [mulɛ̃ ʁuʒ]) is a 2001 jukebox musical romantic drama film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Baz Luhrmann."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film tells the story of a young English poet/writer, Christian (Ewan McGregor), who falls in love with the star of the Moulin Rouge, cabaret actress and courtesan Satine (Nicole Kidman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception",
"text": "\" In December 2001, it was named the best film of the year by viewers of Film 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In BBC's 2016 poll of the greatest films since 2000, Moulin Rouge!"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The film was selected by the National Board of Review as the best film of 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The production also overran in its shooting schedule and had to be out of the Fox Studios in Sydney to make way for Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (in which McGregor also starred)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception",
"text": "The film premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival on 9 May – making it the festival's opening title."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack | Musical numbers",
"text": "The first soundtrack, Moulin Rouge!"
}
] |
The 2001 film Moulin Rouge! stars Heath Ledger.
| 0 | 0 |
Moulin Rouge!
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second largest U.S. state by both area (after Alaska) and population (after California)."
}
] |
czS6Xo3ee7h0zIWaWnJT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S., while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "While Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest city in the United States, the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area is larger than Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Airports",
"text": "Largest in Texas by size and passengers served, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) is the second-largest by area in the United States, and fourth in the world with 18,076 acres (73.15 km2)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "The Port Arthur Refinery in Southeast Texas is the largest refinery in the U.S. Texas also leads in natural gas production, producing one-fourth of the nation's supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Airports",
"text": "In traffic, DFW airport is the busiest in the state, the fourth busiest in the United States, and sixth worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Texas self-perception",
"text": "Texas was the largest U.S. state, until Alaska became a state in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "If Texas were a sovereign state, it would be the 10th largest economy in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Cities, towns, and metropolitan areas",
"text": "Texas has the largest number of people of all states, living in colonias."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity",
"text": "There are nearly 200,000 Czech Americans living in Texas, the largest number of any state."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "It is the fifth-largest Muslim-populated state in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second largest U.S. state by both area (after Alaska) and population (after California)."
}
] |
Texas is the fourth largest state.
| 1 | 2 |
Texas
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Health care",
"text": "The state is ranked forty-first in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise."
}
] |
czjo4PXZvCsKU6xfczVH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy use and production",
"text": "In 2013, $189 million was invested in Georgia to install solar for home, business and utility use representing a 795% increase over the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy use and production",
"text": "Solar generated energy is becoming more in use with solar energy generators currently installed ranking Georgia 15th in the country in installed solar capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Fauna",
"text": "There are about 79 species of reptile and 63 amphibians known to live in Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Health care",
"text": "The state is ranked forty-first in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "The HOPE Scholarship, funded by the state lottery, is available to all Georgia residents who have graduated from high school or earned a General Educational Development certificate."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Among them are Ray Charles (whose many hits include \"Georgia on My Mind\", now the official state song), and Gladys Knight (known for her Georgia-themed song, \"Midnight Train to Georgia\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | State government",
"text": "Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The Georgia Bulldogs and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets have a historical rivalry in college football known as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate, and the Georgia State Panthers and the Georgia Southern Eagles have recently developed their own rivalry."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Politics",
"text": "These changes resulted in residents of Atlanta and other urban areas gaining political power in Georgia in proportion to their populations."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Television",
"text": "Also filmed in Georgia is The Vampire Diaries, using Covington as the setting for the fictional Mystic Falls."
}
] |
The U.S. state of Georgia is known for it's healthy residents.
| 0 | 0 |
Georgia (U.S. state)
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria."
}
] |
d0MtYMqVXNO92bd4GgH9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "There they stayed for three centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "The famous sculptors were (in the Vitruvius order): Leochares, Bryaxis, Scopas, and Timotheus, as well as hundreds of other craftsmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "He was able to locate some walls, a staircase, and finally three of the corners of the foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The expedition lasted three years and ended in the sending of the remaining marbles."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It was untouched when the city fell to Alexander the Great in 334 BC and still undamaged after attacks by pirates in 62 and 58 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "In 353 BC, Mausolus died, leaving Artemisia to rule alone."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jar of Xerxes I",
"text": "Xerxes I (ruled 486–465 BC) was discovered in the ruins of the Mausoleum, at the foot of the western staircase."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest",
"text": "In 377 BC, the nominal ruler of the region, Hecatomnus of Milas, died and left the control of the kingdom to his son, Mausolus."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest",
"text": "In the 4th century BC, Halicarnassus was the capital of a small regional kingdom of Caria within the Achaemenid Empire on the western coast of Asia Minor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its elevated tomb structure is derived from the tombs of neighbouring Lycia, a territory Mausolus had invaded and annexed circa 360 BC, such as the Nereid Monument."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria."
}
] |
It was costructed around the three hundred fifty BC.
| 1 | 6 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite the widespread modern belief that the Library of Alexandria was burned once and cataclysmically destroyed, the Library actually declined gradually over the course of several centuries."
}
] |
d0pvxvX8Y0T8jvGgbjzs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Decline | Roman Period and destruction",
"text": "The Caesareum and the Claudianum in Alexandria are both known to have had major libraries by the end of the first century AD."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexandria came to be regarded as the capital of knowledge and learning, in part because of the Great Library."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In antiquity",
"text": "By the end of the Hellenistic Period, almost every city in the Eastern Mediterranean had a public library and so did many medium-sized towns."
},
{
"section_header": "Under Ptolemaic patronage | Early scholarship",
"text": "In addition to the Great Library, many other smaller libraries also began to spring up all around the city of Alexandria."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Roman Period and destruction",
"text": "Other libraries also sprang up within the city of Alexandria itself and the scrolls from the Great Library may have been used to stock some of these smaller libraries."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Roman Period and destruction",
"text": "Mention of both the Great Library of Alexandria and the Mouseion that housed it disappear after the middle of the third century AD."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Burning by Julius Caesar",
"text": "The Greek Middle Platonist Plutarch (c. 46–120 AD) writes in his Life of Caesar that, \"[W]hen the enemy endeavored to cut off his communication by sea, he was forced to divert that danger by setting fire to his own ships, which, after burning the docks, thence spread on and destroyed the great library."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Burning by Julius Caesar",
"text": "Whatever devastation Caesar's fire may have caused, the Library was evidently not completely destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern library: Bibliotheca Alexandrina",
"text": "In line with the mission of the Great Library of Alexandria, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina also houses the International School of Information Science (ISIS), a school for students preparing for highly specialized post-graduate degrees, whose goal is to train professional staff for libraries in Egypt and across the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite the widespread modern belief that the Library of Alexandria was burned once and cataclysmically destroyed, the Library actually declined gradually over the course of several centuries."
}
] |
The Great Library of Alexandria ended because of a fire.
| 0 | 0 |
Library of Alexandria
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri."
}
] |
d0rPXvDSeDRCsNQGOaPf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The main gateway (darwaza) is a monumental structure built primarily of marble, and reminiscent of the Mughal architecture of earlier emperors."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "It is a large, white marble structure standing on a square plinth and consists of a symmetrical building with an iwan (an arch-shaped doorway) topped by a large dome and finial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The base structure is a large multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners forming an unequal eight-sided structure that is approximately 55 metres (180 ft) on each of the four long sides."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The outlying buildings were completed in 1643."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Garden",
"text": "They changed the landscaping to their liking which more closely resembled the formal lawns of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The backs of the buildings parallel the western and eastern walls."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "UNESCO documented more than 2 million visitors in 2001, which had increased to about 7–8 million in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The minarets, which are each more than 40 metres (130 ft) tall, display the designer's penchant for symmetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The vaulted ceilings and walls have elaborate geometric designs like those found in the other sandstone buildings in the complex."
}
] |
More than 15000 thousand artisans were hired for the building the structure.
| 1 | 2 |
Taj Mahal
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "On the other hand, Maggie's ultimate choice not to marry Stephen, and to suffer both the privation of his love and the ignominy of their botched elopement demonstrates a final triumph of free will."
}
] |
d1bz0D4AHp2sDmOZzE2Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss/ The Mill on the Floss free PDF of Blackwood's 1878 Cabinet Edition (the critical standard with Eliot's final corrections) at the George Eliot Archive"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "St Ogg's St Ogg's St Ursula Like other novels by George Eliot, The Mill on the Floss articulates the tension between circumstances and the spiritual energies of individual characters struggling against those circumstances."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Eliot, George. The Mill on the Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "film Delhi Belly, one of the protagonists makes a sarcastic reference to \"Mill on the floss\" when he finds his friends in completely different appearances and surreal whimsical situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mill on the Floss is a novel by George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), first published in three volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The relationship they forge is founded partly in Maggie's heartfelt pity for broken and neglected human beings but it also serves as an outlet for her intellectual romantic desires."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The mill is situated at the junction of the River Floss and the more minor River Ripple, near the village of St Ogg's in Lincolnshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A radio dramatisation in five one-hour parts was broadcast on BBC7 in 2009.In the Kiran Rao and Aamir Khan 2011"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, the novel details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, siblings who grow up at Dorlcote Mill on the River Floss."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Critics have asserted that Maggie's need for love and acceptance is her underlying motivation throughout The Mill on the Floss, claiming that the conflicts that arise in the novel invariably stem from her frustrated attempts at gaining this acceptance."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "On the other hand, Maggie's ultimate choice not to marry Stephen, and to suffer both the privation of his love and the ignominy of their botched elopement demonstrates a final triumph of free will."
}
] |
George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss can be seen as the victory of self-determinism over pre-ordained circumstances.
| 0 | 0 |
The Mill on the Floss
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Texasville, the 1990 sequel to The Last Picture Show, based on McMurtry's 1987 novel of the same name, was also directed by Bogdanovich, from his own screenplay, without McMurtry this time."
}
] |
d1dvXfbStiz50r1PvSNm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The group of boys take their young, mentally disabled friend, Billy, to a prostitute to lose his virginity, but she hits Billy in the face when he ejaculates prematurely."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He and Sonny are among the meager group attending the final screening at the movie house, which is closing that day (the \"last picture show\" is Red River, a western set in Texas starring John Wayne)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Picture Show is a 1971 American drama film directed and co-written by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a semi-autobiographical 1966 novel The Last Picture Show by Larry McMurtry."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "One day while waiting in a cashier's line in a drugstore, he happened to look at the rack of paperbacks and his eye fell on an interesting title, The Last Picture Show."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Texasville, the 1990 sequel to The Last Picture Show, based on McMurtry's 1987 novel of the same name, was also directed by Bogdanovich, from his own screenplay, without McMurtry this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Red River, significantly, is the movie, indeed the last picture show, that Sonny and Duane watch at the end of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "According to Bogdanovich's recollection, Platt said, \"I don't know how you make it into a picture, but it's a good book."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In April 2011, The Last Picture Show was re-released in UK and Irish cinemas, distributed by Park Circus."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "He shows up again later as the star quarterback in a scene near the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "According to Bogdanovich, Shepherd was interested in going through college and not particularly interested in being in movies, but she liked the script and thought it was an interesting part."
}
] |
The Last Picture Show, as its name implies, was the only film to be made of the book, or any of it's later parts, mostly because of accusations of obscenity regarding the showing of a prostitute being utilized by a group of boys for their mentally disabled friend, Billy, on screen.
| 1 | 4 |
The Last Picture Show
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The franchise holds a Guinness World Records title for the \"Most successful film merchandising franchise."
}
] |
d2Rf9wtPYeCPKqFcq7dz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "Lucasfilm has a number of Star Wars movies in development, including a trilogy which will be written by The Last Jedi writer/director Rian Johnson and be independent from the Skywalker saga."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The franchise holds a Guinness World Records title for the \"Most successful film merchandising franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Industry",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert wrote in his book The Great Movies, \"Like The Birth of a Nation and Citizen Kane, Star Wars was a technical watershed that influenced many of the movies that came after."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Skywalker saga | Sequel trilogy",
"text": "Episode VII was met with both critical and box office success, and Episode VIII, while also meeting critical and financial success, had a mixed reception from audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "By 1987, the first three films have made US$2.6 billion in merchandising revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Industry",
"text": "The original Star Wars film was a huge success for 20th Century Fox, and was credited for reinvigorating the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Industry",
"text": "The commercial success of Star Wars created a boom in state-of-the-art special effects in the late 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "By 2012, the first six films produced approximately US$20 billion in merchandising revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Skywalker saga | Prequel trilogy",
"text": "The first two movies were met with mixed reviews, with the third being received somewhat more positively."
}
] |
Star Wars has been elected the most successful movie merchandising saga.
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses are an established cause of cancer in humans and other species."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Hepatitis viruses can develop into a chronic viral infection that leads to liver cancer."
}
] |
d2ughr4m6n0UYcbzAGtp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viral cancers occur only in a minority of infected persons (or animals)."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses are an established cause of cancer in humans and other species."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Merkel cell polyomavirus closely related to SV40 and mouse polyomaviruses that have been used as animal models for cancer viruses for over 50 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Human papillomaviruses are an established cause of cancers of cervix, skin, anus, and penis."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "The most recently discovered human cancer virus is a polyomavirus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) that causes most cases of a rare form of skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses accepted to cause human cancers include some genotypes of human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human T-lymphotropic virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Hepatitis viruses can develop into a chronic viral infection that leads to liver cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "The development of cancer is determined by a variety of factors such as host immunity and mutations in the host."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Cancer viruses come from a range of virus families, including both RNA and DNA viruses, and so there is no single type of \"oncovirus\" (an obsolete term originally used for acutely transforming retroviruses)."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Epidemiology",
"text": "Horizontal transmission is the most common mechanism of spread of viruses in populations."
}
] |
Cancer can not be spread between animals, or humans by viruses.
| 2 | 2 |
Virus
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Predators",
"text": "Rotifers fall prey to many animals, such as copepods, fish (e.g. herring, salmon), bryozoa, comb jellies, jellyfish, starfish, and tardigrade."
}
] |
d2wQAmEHVRXlfa3KGoDT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The Rotifera, strictly speaking, are confined to the Bdelloidea and the Monogononta."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Rotifera, Acanthocephala and Seisonida make up a clade called Syndermata."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "One treatment places them in the phylum Rotifera, with three classes: Seisonidea, Bdelloidea and Monogononta."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "Many rotifers can retract the foot partially or wholly into the trunk."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In many free-swimming species, the foot as a whole is reduced in size, and may even be absent."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction and life cycle | Loss of sexual reproduction system",
"text": "'Ancient asexuals': Bdelloid rotifers are assumed to have reproduced without sex for many millions of years."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction and life cycle | Anhydrobiosis",
"text": "Bdelloid rotifer females cannot produce resting eggs, but many can survive prolonged periods of adverse conditions after desiccation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rotifers are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton, being a major foodsource and with many species also contributing to the decomposition of soil organic matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In many species, such as those in the genus Testudinella, the cilia around the mouth have disappeared, leaving just two small circular bands on the head."
},
{
"section_header": "Predators",
"text": "Rotifers fall prey to many animals, such as copepods, fish (e.g. herring, salmon), bryozoa, comb jellies, jellyfish, starfish, and tardigrade."
}
] |
Rotiferas are the targets of many beasts.
| 2 | 8 |
Rotifera
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, Apple receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors, its environmental practices and unethical business practices, including anti-competitive behavior, as well as the origins of source materials."
}
] |
d31jH3ZZb3lwx0mWDIT2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 2018, Apple became the first publicly traded U.S. company to be valued at over $1 trillion."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Finance",
"text": "On August 2, 2018, Apple became the first publicly traded U.S. company to reach a $1 trillion market value."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In January 2007, Jobs renamed the company Apple Inc., reflecting its shifted focus toward consumer electronics, and launched the iPhone to great critical acclaim and financial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over the next few years, Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces, such as the original Macintosh in 1984, and Apple's marketing advertisements for its products received widespread critical acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Apple TV",
"text": "A software update released on January 15, 2008, allowed media to be purchased directly from the Apple TV.In September 2009, Apple discontinued the original 40 GB Apple TV but continued to produce and sell the 160 GB Apple TV."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Apple Watch",
"text": "On September 12, 2018, Apple introduced the Apple Watch Series 4, featuring new display, electrocardiogram, and fall detection."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Apple TV",
"text": "Apple also reduced the price of the device to $99."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Apple TV",
"text": "At the September 12, 2017, event, Apple released a new 4K Apple TV with the same form factor as the 4th Generation model."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Apple Watch",
"text": "On September 10, 2019, Apple introduced the Apple Watch Series 5, featuring a new magnetometer, a faster processor, and a new always-on display."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Apple TV",
"text": "On March 25, 2019, Apple announced Apple TV+, their upcoming over-the-top subscription video on-demand web television service, will arrive Fall 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, Apple receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors, its environmental practices and unethical business practices, including anti-competitive behavior, as well as the origins of source materials."
}
] |
Apple has been acclaimed for its ethical values.
| 2 | 6 |
Apple Inc.
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was later remastered in 4K and re-released in theatres on September 1, 2017 for its 40th anniversary."
}
] |
d3CLktyIMcnCAKIDQpQs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind was selected as the #5 Best Sci-Fi Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "\"If we can talk to aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", he said, \"why not with the Reds in the Cold War?\" Sleeping is the final obstacle to overcome in the ascent of Devils Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is derived from Ufologist J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the third kind denotes human observations of aliens or \"animate beings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"I hung my story on the mood the song created, the way it affected me personally.\" During pre-production, the title was changed from Kingdom Come to Close Encounters of the Third Kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reissues and home media",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind: The Special Edition was released in August 1980, making a further $15.7 million, accumulating a final $303.7 million box office gross."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "It's an essential plot point, but it's so belabored that the story gets bogged down."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Made on a production budget of $19.4 million, Close Encounters was released in a limited number of cities on November 16, 1977 and November 23, 1977 before expanding into wide release the following month."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Film critic Charlene Engel observed Close Encounters"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "Close Encounters was nominated for Best Science Fiction Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was later remastered in 4K and re-released in theatres on September 1, 2017 for its 40th anniversary."
}
] |
The 1977 film Close Encounters of the Third Kind was re-released for it's 50th anniversary.
| 0 | 2 |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He began his career as a violinist with the Royal Danish Orchestra, which premiered his concert overture Efterklange af Ossian (\"Echoes of Ossian\") in 1841."
}
] |
d3K9qXcw4EzrTCbRZ02V
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "He died in Copenhagen. See List of compositions by Niels Gade"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is considered the most important Danish musician of his day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He established a new orchestra and chorus, while settling into a career as Denmark's most prominent musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Gade was born in Copenhagen, the son of a joiner and instrument maker."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In Copenhagen Gade became acquainted with the composer Cornelius Gurlitt"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Apparently Gade never rated \"The Bridal Waltz\" (Brudevalsen)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Gade became director of the Copenhagen Musical Society (Musikforeningen), a post he retained until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1852 Gade married Emma Sophie Amalie Hartmann, daughter of Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Gade was joint director of the Copenhagen Conservatory with Hartmann (whose daughter he married in 1852) and Holger Simon Paulli."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He began his career as a violinist with the Royal Danish Orchestra, which premiered his concert overture Efterklange af Ossian (\"Echoes of Ossian\") in 1841."
}
] |
Niels Gade was a musician.
| 0 | 0 |
Niels Gade
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story of Rhodopis, recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo sometime between around 7 BC and AD 23, about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt, is usually considered to be the earliest known variant of the Cinderella story."
}
] |
d3epNib7ybDFHST731MR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Films and television",
"text": "the valet and Whoopi Goldberg as the Queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Films and television",
"text": "Cindy (1978), This version of the Cinderella tale with an all-black cast has Cinderella, who wants to marry a dashing army officer, finding out that her father, who she thought had an important job at a big hotel, is actually the men's room attendant."
},
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Theatre",
"text": "In 1830 Rophino Lacy used Rossini's music but with spoken dialogue in a comic opera with many of the main characters: the Baron, the two stepsisters and Pedro the servant all as comic characters, plus a Fairy Queen instead of a magician."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient versions | Non-European versions | One Thousand and One Nights",
"text": "Several different variants of the story appear in the medieval One Thousand and One Nights, also known as the Arabian Nights, including \"The Second Shaykh's Story\", \"The Eldest Lady's Tale\" and \"Abdallah ibn Fadil and His Brothers\", all dealing with the theme of a younger sibling harassed by two jealous elders."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot variations and alternative tellings | Ball, Ballgown, and Curfew",
"text": "Gioachino Rossini, having agreed to do an opera based on Cinderella if he could omit all magical elements, wrote La Cenerentola, in which she was aided by Alidoro, a philosopher and formerly the Prince's tutor."
},
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Theatre",
"text": "Into the Woods, a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Lapine, includes Cinderella as one of the many fairy-tale characters in the plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Films and television",
"text": "Over the decades, hundreds of films have been made that are either direct adaptations from Cinderella or have plots loosely based on the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient versions | Non-European versions | One Thousand and One Nights",
"text": "One of the tales, \"Judar and His Brethren\", departs from the happy endings of previous variants and reworks the plot to give it a tragic ending instead, with the younger brother being poisoned by his elder brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Films and television",
"text": "Cinderella (1950), a Walt Disney animated feature released on February 15, 1950, now considered one of Disney's classics as well as the most well known film adaptation."
},
{
"section_header": "Works based on the Cinderella story | Books",
"text": "Cinderella (1919), Charles S. Evans and illustrated by Arthur Rackham Adelita: A Mexican Cinderella Story (2004),"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story of Rhodopis, recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo sometime between around 7 BC and AD 23, about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt, is usually considered to be the earliest known variant of the Cinderella story."
}
] |
The Cinderella story line was thought to have been based on the Roman Queen Liza.
| 0 | 0 |
Cinderella
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
}
] |
d3qVl6WwxUw4r4PWSH9S
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He dropped out of high school when he was 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Describing himself as a \"private kid\", Reeves attended four different high schools, including the Etobicoke School of the Arts, from which he was expelled."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–1990: Early work",
"text": "He was cast as Matt in River's Edge, a crime drama about a group of high school friends dealing with a murder case, loosely based on the 1981 murder of Marcy Renee Conrad."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The intruder used Reeves' bathroom and went swimming in his pool."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (texts by); Grant, Alexandra (photographs by) (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Shadows: A Collaborative Project by Alexandra Grant and Keanu Reeves."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2009, Reeves met Alexandra Grant at a dinner party; they went on to collaborate on two books together."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2013: Thrillers, documentaries and directorial debut",
"text": "Reeves played Bob Arctor/Fred, an undercover agent in a futuristic dystopia under high-tech police surveillance."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (text by); Grant, Alexandra (drawings by, book design by) (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Reeves said he was expelled because he was \"just a little too rambunctious and shot [his] mouth off once too often ... [he] was not generally the most well-oiled machine in the school\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Reeves grew up in Toronto."
}
] |
Keanu Reeves went to high school in America.
| 4 | 6 |
Keanu Reeves
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Stuntman death",
"text": "Though rushed to a hospital, his injuries were too severe and he was taken off life support the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Stuntman death",
"text": "Fear the Walking Dead. During filming of season 8 in July 2017, stuntman John Bernecker was performing a 21-foot drop but ended up missing padded cushions and instead fell onto the concrete floor, sustaining a serious head injury."
}
] |
d3sFXcHyx16Vy9G7VGPD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 4 (2013–14)",
"text": "Several months after the Governor's attack, a deadly flu kills many of the people at the prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Crew",
"text": "[In] the writers' room, there are people that have set up other projects that will be their first priority if their own series is picked up as a pilot or if it's a series."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Green initiatives",
"text": "People are less likely to leave their smartphone or tablet lying around for someone else to pick up."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | The Walking Dead: World Beyond",
"text": "The series focuses on the first generation of children that have grown up during the zombie apocalypse who call themselves \"Endlings\", and are aware of how to survive if confronted by them, but have otherwise been raised behind walls and have never actually experienced survival."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Some of the television characters, like Carol, have far outlived their comic counterparts, while others that have already been killed off, like Sophia and Andrea, remained alive for some time in the ongoing comic series."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 7 (2016–17)",
"text": "Rosita and Eugene make a bullet to kill Negan."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 2 (2011–12)",
"text": "Rick is eventually forced to kill Shane in self-defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 8 (2017–18)",
"text": "Losses are heavy on both sides and many of the Kingdom's soldiers are killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 9 (2018–19)",
"text": "Rick is seemingly killed when he destroys the bridge to prevent an invasion of walkers."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 4 (2013–14)",
"text": "Rick's group are forced to separate and flee, but not before Hershel and the Governor are killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Stuntman death",
"text": "Though rushed to a hospital, his injuries were too severe and he was taken off life support the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Stuntman death",
"text": "Fear the Walking Dead. During filming of season 8 in July 2017, stuntman John Bernecker was performing a 21-foot drop but ended up missing padded cushions and instead fell onto the concrete floor, sustaining a serious head injury."
}
] |
No actual people were killed in the production of the series.
| 2 | 2 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | LGBTI rights",
"text": "Same-sex adoption has been allowed since 1 March 2016 as is female same-sex couple access to medically assisted reproduction since 13 May 2016."
}
] |
d4Msu95t5LvCzT3wiwx4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | LGBTI rights",
"text": "On 31 May 2010, Portugal became the sixth country in Europe and the eighth country in the world to legally recognize same-sex marriage at the national level."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | LGBTI rights",
"text": "Same-sex adoption has been allowed since 1 March 2016 as is female same-sex couple access to medically assisted reproduction since 13 May 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | LGBTI rights",
"text": "As of January 2017 the New Law of Gender Identity, simplified the legal process of gender and name change for transgender people, making it easier for minors to change their sex marker in legal documents."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Law and drug policy",
"text": "The Portuguese legal system is part of the civil law legal system, also called the continental family legal system."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration",
"text": "In 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration",
"text": "In 2015, Portugal had 10,341,330 inhabitants of whom about 383,759 were legal migrants, making up 3.7% of the population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration",
"text": "In 2017, Portugal had 416,682 legal residents of foreign origin, of which 203,753 identified as male, and 212,929 as female."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Law and drug policy",
"text": "While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than \"10 days worth of personal use\" are still punishable by jail time and fines."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Quaternary sector",
"text": "Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pombaline era and Enlightenment",
"text": "He abolished slavery in mainland Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India, reorganized the army and the navy, restructured the University of Coimbra, and ended legal discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal by abolishing the distinction between Old and New Christians."
}
] |
Portugal has legalized same sex marriage but has not legalized same-sex adoption.
| 0 | 0 |
Portugal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the father of many children by his second wife, six of whom survived."
}
] |
d4WZ37tUyNV2qRGmh4Vh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Zenger family immigrated to New York in 1710 as part of a large group of German Palatines, and Nicolaus Zenger was one of those who died before settlement.:1123 The governor of New York had agreed to provide apprenticeships for all the children of immigrants from the Palatinate, and John Peter was bound for eight years as an apprentice to William Bradford, the first printer in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter Zenger was born in 1697, a son of Nicolaus Eberhard Zenger and his wife Johanna."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Peter Zenger (October 26, 1697 – July 28, 1746) was a German printer and journalist in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Zenger died in New York on July 28, 1746, with his wife continuing his printing business."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "The tryal of John Peter Zenger, of New-York, printer, who was lately try'd and acquitted for printing and publishing a libel against the government: with the pleadings and arguments on both sides London : Printed for J. Wilford 1738"
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "pp: 223-245. pp: 223-245. online John Peter Zenger; his press, his trial, and a bibliography of Zenger imprints ... also a reprint of the first edition of the trial by Livingston Rutherfurd New York : Dodd, Mead & company 1904"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "During World War II the Liberty ship SS Peter Zenger was named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Zenger family had other children baptised in Rumbach in 1697 and in 1703 and in Waldfischbach in 1706."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On 28 May 1719, Zenger married Mary White in the First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On 24 August 1722, widower Zenger married Anna Catharina Maul in the Collegiate Church, Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the father of many children by his second wife, six of whom survived."
}
] |
John Peter Zenger had at least 6 kids that died early.
| 0 | 0 |
John Peter Zenger
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby is a 2004 American sports drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood from a screenplay written by Paul Haggis, based on short stories by F.X. Toole, the pen name of fight manager and cutman Jerry Boyd."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret \"Maggie\" Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a waitress from a Missouri town in the Ozarks, shows up in the Hit Pit, a run-down Los Angeles gym owned and operated by Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), an old Irish-American, cantankerous boxing trainer."
}
] |
d4hWBwxasTD4Ys4DU1cU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby was listed on many critics' top ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby was theatrically released on December 15, 2004 by Warner Bros. Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby initially had a limited release, opening in eight theaters in December 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby received the award for Best Picture of 2004 at the 77th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film four stars and stated that \"Clint Eastwood's Million Dollar Baby is a masterpiece, pure and simple,\" listing it as the best film of 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby is classical in the clean, clear, strong lines of its story and characters, and had an enormous emotional impact\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Development and production",
"text": "The term 'Million Dollar Baby' was from the nose art of a World War II Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby is a 2004 American sports drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood from a screenplay written by Paul Haggis, based on short stories by F.X. Toole, the pen name of fight manager and cutman Jerry Boyd."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In its later wide release opening, the film earned $12,265,482 in North America and quickly became a box-office hit both domestically and internationally."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Michael Medved stated: \"My main objection to Million Dollar Baby always centered on its misleading marketing, and effort by Warner Brothers to sell it as a movie about a female Rocky, with barely a hint of the pitch-dark substance that led Andrew Sarris of the New York Observer ... to declare that 'no movie in my memory has depressed me more than Million Dollar Baby.'\"In"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret \"Maggie\" Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a waitress from a Missouri town in the Ozarks, shows up in the Hit Pit, a run-down Los Angeles gym owned and operated by Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), an old Irish-American, cantankerous boxing trainer."
}
] |
Million Dollar Baby is a film about a waitress that became a prize fighter.
| 0 | 0 |
Million Dollar Baby
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "The lawsuit also alleged that Bloomberg berated a female employee who had trouble finding a nanny, saying, “It’s a f------ baby!"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "Garrison alleged that when she told Bloomberg that she was pregnant, he told her to \"Kill it!\" and said \"Great!"
}
] |
d4xfihHEKUZTZnJC6SOJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg News",
"text": "Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through the Bloomberg terminal, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets and Bloomberg.com."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bloomberg L.P. v. Bloomberg Ltd",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. then amended its name to Bloomberg Finance Three L.P. Bloomberg Ltd was ordered at the Company Names Tribunal on May 11, 2009, to change its name so as to not have a name that would likely interfere, by similarity, with the goodwill of Bloomberg Finance Three L.P. as well as to pay costs."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Opinion",
"text": "Bloomberg Opinion, formerly Bloomberg View, is an editorial division of Bloomberg News which launched in May 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Tradebook",
"text": "Bloomberg Tradebook was founded in 1996, as an affiliate of Bloomberg L.P."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bloomberg L.P. v. Bloomberg Ltd",
"text": "On October 22, 2008, Bloomberg L.P. applied for a change of name of Bloomberg Ltd, under s.69(1)(b) of the Companies Act 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg News",
"text": "Bloomberg News was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg and Matthew Winkler in 1990, to deliver financial news reporting to Bloomberg terminal subscribers."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Open Bloomberg",
"text": "Bloomberg has openly licensed its symbology system (Bloomberg Open Symbology, BSYM), and financial data API (Bloomberg Programming API, BLPAPI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Television",
"text": "Justin B. Smith serves as CEO of Bloomberg Multimedia Group which includes Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Television and online components of Bloomberg's multimedia offerings."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Television",
"text": "Bloomberg Television, a service of Bloomberg News, is a 24-hour financial news television network."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Pursuits",
"text": "Bloomberg Pursuits was a bimonthly luxury magazine distributed exclusively to Bloomberg terminal users and to newsstands."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "The lawsuit also alleged that Bloomberg berated a female employee who had trouble finding a nanny, saying, “It’s a f------ baby!"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "Garrison alleged that when she told Bloomberg that she was pregnant, he told her to \"Kill it!\" and said \"Great!"
}
] |
Bloomberg was an upstanding and uncontroversial businessman.
| 1 | 3 |
Bloomberg L.P.
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her name was derived from the song \" They Call the Wind Maria,\" originally from the 1951 Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon."
}
] |
d5yn8QiqGOPUVuodWAlz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: Las Vegas residency, television and film projects",
"text": "In October 2017, she released a new soundtrack single, \"The Star\", for the movie of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: Las Vegas residency, television and film projects",
"text": "Four stops included shows in South Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: Las Vegas residency, television and film projects",
"text": "Carey guest starred on the musical drama Empire, as a superstar singer named Kitty and sung the song \"Infamous\" featuring Jussie Smollett."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: Las Vegas residency, television and film projects",
"text": "In July 2017, Carey made a cameo in the comedy film Girls Trip, starring Queen Latifah, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Regina Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2014: Merry Christmas II You and Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse",
"text": "After the final name was announced, Me."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: Las Vegas residency, television and film projects",
"text": "Carey also developed an animated Christmas film, titled Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2004: Personal and professional struggles, Glitter and Charmbracelet",
"text": "The Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey, spanned across North America and East Asia over three months."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–1992: Career beginnings, Mariah Carey and Emotions",
"text": "It earned a triple-Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and earned Gold and Platinum certifications in several European markets."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2004: Personal and professional struggles, Glitter and Charmbracelet",
"text": "In 2002, the singer was cast in the independent film, WiseGirls, alongside Mira Sorvino and Melora Walters, who co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Her diva persona has also given her much admiration from gay fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her name was derived from the song \" They Call the Wind Maria,\" originally from the 1951 Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon."
}
] |
Mariah Carey was given the name Mariah after a popular film star in South America who was her mother's relative.
| 2 | 4 |
Mariah Carey
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "\" But Kanye does think. Constantly."
}
] |
d6DZs5CcNzSfbagvGplj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "The dude doesn't believe in false modesty, and he shouldn't [...]"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–06: The College Dropout and Late Registration",
"text": "Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, \"George Bush doesn't care about black people."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | 1990s–2000s",
"text": "Drawing his from experiences on stadium tours, West progressed to a more anthemic style of composing rap songs that would function well when performing in large arenas."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "He said, \"All good. Kanye West, I got super respect for Kanye."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "\" But Kanye does think. Constantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–12: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and collaborations",
"text": "By employing a sales strategy that released the album digitally weeks before its physical counterpart, Watch the Throne became one of the few major label albums in the Internet age to avoid a leak."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mother's death",
"text": "California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger subsequently signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to receive medical clearance through a physical examination before undergoing elective cosmetic surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to craft lyrical narratives about gunplay or drug-dealing."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "Kanye West and friend, Rhymefest, also founded \"Donda's House, Inc\"."
}
] |
Kanye doesn't physically lack a functioning brain.
| 2 | 4 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though he was thought to have been born Joseph Preston Hill in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 12, 1880, recent research has shown that Hill's first name was John and that he was probably born on October 12, 1882 in Culpeper County, Virginia; some sources indicate a birth year of 1883 or 1884."
}
] |
d6NGEuwSzkkYwJHqyl02
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In the first year of the American Giants' existence, Hill came to be known as one of its best hitters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Preston \"Pete\" Hill (October 12, 1882 – November 19, 1951) was an American outfielder and manager in baseball's Negro leagues from 1899 to 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "The new plaque was unveiled at a ceremony on October 12, 2010 attended by Hill's relatives and researchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Besides being a top-class hitter, Hill was known to have great power, although not enough home run and RBI numbers were preserved for precise statistics, as was the case with other Negro league players."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In late July 2010, the Hall of Fame announced that it would commission a new plaque to correct Hill's name from Joseph Preston Hill to John Preston Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Author William NcNeil referred to Hill as \"black baseball's first superstar\", citing Hill's speed, his strong throwing arm, and his ability to hit for batting average or for power."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though he was thought to have been born Joseph Preston Hill in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 12, 1880, recent research has shown that Hill's first name was John and that he was probably born on October 12, 1882 in Culpeper County, Virginia; some sources indicate a birth year of 1883 or 1884."
}
] |
Pete Hill's actual birthday is not known for sure.
| 0 | 0 |
Pete Hill
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
}
] |
d6RHliE5CL3oxexpYeW1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was born in Mobile, Alabama, the second of Clovi and Marvella Smith's six children (five boys and one girl)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "As Smith entered the 1996 season, he finalized a divorce from his wife Denise during the first half of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While the family lived in Mobile, his father worked as a sandblaster at Brookley Air Force Base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Upon receiving the start in Game 5, Smith nearly duplicated his Game 1 performance with four putouts, one assist, and no hits in four at-bats as part of another Cardinals defeat."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father became a delivery truck driver for Safeway stores, while his mother became an aide at a nursing home."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "\"Smith became a father for the first time during the 1982 season with the birth of his son O.J., today known as Nikko, on April 28."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "In January 2014, the Cardinals announced Smith among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "Facing the Los Angeles Dodgers in the now best-of-seven NLCS, a split of the first four games set the stage for Game 5 at Busch Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Smith started Game 1 and subsequently registered three putouts and one assist in the field, but went hitless in four at-bats in the Cardinals' 4–2 loss."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith is the father to four children from his mariage to former wife Tiara.
| 2 | 3 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (, also UK: , US: , Italian: [doˈmeːniko ɡaeˈtaːno maˈriːa donidˈdzetti] (listen); 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas."
}
] |
d6V4QsoCEGuPuS9UlZZY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "Gaetano (then 9) was accepted."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Final journey to Bergamo",
"text": "Finally, after the intense night of 7 April, Gaetano Donizetti died on the afternoon of 8 April."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | 1824–1830: Palermo and Naples",
"text": "It was their fourth collaboration, and became a success not only in Naples but also in Rome over the 1830/31 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Institutionalization",
"text": "However, evidence provided from friends who visited Donizetti over the following months, states that he was being treated very well, the facility having a reputation for the care given to its patients."
},
{
"section_header": "Donizetti's compositions",
"text": "Altogether, he composed about 75 operas, 16 symphonies, 19 string quartets, 193 songs, 45 duets, 3 oratorios, 28 cantatas, instrumental concertos, sonatas, and other chamber pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Success in Rome",
"text": "The young Maestro Gaetano Donizetti...has launched himself strongly in his truly serious opera, Zoraida."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1840–1843: Back and forth between Paris, Milan, Vienna, and Naples",
"text": "He wrote that he would work on translations of Maria Padilla and Linda di Chamounix and"
},
{
"section_header": "Donizetti's compositions",
"text": "Donizetti, a prolific composer, is best known for his operatic works, but he also wrote music in a number of other forms, including some church music, a number of string quartets, and some orchestral pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Attempts to move Donizetti back to Paris",
"text": "In late December, early January 1847, visits from a friend from Vienna who lived in Paris—Baron Eduard von Lannoy—resulted in a letter from Lannoy to Giuseppe Donizetti in Constantinople outlining what he saw as a better solution: rather than have friends travel the five hours to see his brother, Lannoy recommended that Gaetano be moved to Paris where he could be taken care of by the same doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (, also UK: , US: , Italian: [doˈmeːniko ɡaeˈtaːno maˈriːa donidˈdzetti] (listen); 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas."
}
] |
Gaetano Donizetti wrote over 75 operas.
| 0 | 0 |
Gaetano Donizetti
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French Bataille de Höchstädt), fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession."
}
] |
d6jQ1TS3EOVlMs4MyoAz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Centre and Oberglauheim",
"text": "Count Horn's Dutch infantry managed to push the French back from the water's edge, but it was apparent that before Marlborough could launch his main effort against Tallard, Oberglauheim would have to be secured."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Mérode-Westerloo summarised the case against Tallard's army: \"The French lost this battle for a wide variety of reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Centre and Oberglauheim",
"text": "\" Palmes, however, attempted to follow up his success but was repulsed in some confusion by other French cavalry, and musket fire from the edge of Blenheim."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French Bataille de Höchstädt), fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1704, the War of the Spanish Succession was in its fourth year."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Fall of Blenheim",
"text": "Fierce hand-to-hand fighting gradually forced the French towards the village centre, in and around the walled churchyard which had been prepared for defence."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Fall of Blenheim",
"text": "Then, declaring in disgust that he wished to \"fight among brave men and not among cowards\", Eugene went into the attack with the Prussian and Danish infantry, as did the Dessauer, waving a regimental colour to inspire his troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Initial manoeuvres",
"text": "The plan was sound if all its parts were implemented, but it allowed Marlborough to cross the Nebel without serious interference and fight the battle he had in mind."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Initial manoeuvres",
"text": "At 02:00 on 13 August 40 squadrons were sent forward towards the enemy, followed at 03:00, in eight columns, by the main Allied force pushing over the Kessel."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Lutzingen",
"text": "– Mérode-Westerloo. On the Allied right, Eugene's Prussian and Danish forces were desperately fighting the numerically superior forces of the Elector and Marsin."
}
] |
The main reason for the Battle of Blenheim was to fight for Dutch Succession.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Blenheim
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aaron Copland (, KOHP-lənd; November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music."
}
] |
d7pUjV7WQcqjqo2f3mAf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "Santa Monica, California: American Film Foundation. Fanfare for America: The Composer Aaron Copland (2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Critic, writer, teacher",
"text": "Composer William Schuman writes: \"As a teacher, Aaron was extraordinary.... Copland would look at your music and try to understand what you were after [italics Schuman]."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "Aaron Copland: A Self-Portrait (1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years",
"text": "Much of his large estate was bequeathed to the creation of the Aaron Copland Fund for Composers, which bestows over $600,000 per year to performing groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": ", He Got Game. See also List of compositions by Aaron Copland"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Thanks to Aaron, American music came into its own.\" On September 14, 1964, Aaron Copland was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aaron Copland (, KOHP-lənd; November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Aaron Copland was born in Brooklyn, New York, on November 14, 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Written works",
"text": "Copland, Aaron (2006). Music and Imagination, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1935 to 1950",
"text": "One, composer David Diamond, went so far as to lecture Copland: \"By having sold out to the mongrel commercialists half-way already, the danger is going to be wider for you, and I beg you dear Aaron, don't sell out [entirely] yet."
}
] |
Aaron Copland was a composer.
| 0 | 0 |
Aaron Copland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "\" Meanwhile, Goebbels tried to prevent newspapers from publishing lists of the dead, but at the same time used a July 2 radio address to describe how Hitler had narrowly prevented Röhm and Schleicher from overthrowing the government and throwing the country into turmoil."
}
] |
d7wLrgYT7qW7MuEGP5GS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer ), or the Röhm Purge, also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Göring instructed police stations to burn \"all documents concerning the action of the past two days."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "\" Meanwhile, Goebbels tried to prevent newspapers from publishing lists of the dead, but at the same time used a July 2 radio address to describe how Hitler had narrowly prevented Röhm and Schleicher from overthrowing the government and throwing the country into turmoil."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "Rumours about the Night of the Long Knives rapidly spread."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives was a turning point for the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Purge",
"text": "At about 04:30 on June 30, 1934, Hitler and his entourage flew to Munich."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Night of the Long Knives represented a triumph for Hitler, and a turning point for the German government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The phrase \"Night of the Long Knives\" in the German language predates the killings and refers generally to acts of vengeance."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Concerned with presenting the massacre as legally sanctioned, Hitler had the cabinet approve a measure on July 3 that declared, \"The measures taken on June 30, July 1 and 2 to suppress treasonous assaults are legal as acts of self-defence by the State.\" Reich Justice Minister Franz Gürtner, a conservative who had been Bavarian Justice Minister in the years of the Weimar Republic, demonstrated his loyalty to the new regime by drafting the statute, which added a legal veneer to the purge."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "Almost unanimously, the army applauded the Night of the Long Knives, even though the generals Kurt von Schleicher and Ferdinand von Bredow were among the victims."
}
] |
Night of the Long Knives was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934 in which police stations were told to burn "all documents concerning the action and newspapers were told not to publish lists of the dead.
| 0 | 0 |
Night of the Long Knives
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The development of most Chinatowns typically resulted from mass migration to an area without any or with very few Chinese residents."
}
] |
d8F3gDG9AmK7gcLRtJnS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "The area was the one geographical region deeded by the city government and private property owners which allowed Chinese persons to inherit and inhabit dwellings within the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Town-Scape",
"text": "Paifangs usually have special inscriptions in Chinese."
},
{
"section_header": "Names | In Chinese",
"text": "Bù, pronounced sometimes in Mandarin as fù, usually means seaport; but in this sense, it means city or town."
},
{
"section_header": "Chinese Settlements | Settlement pattern",
"text": "At the end of the street, Tudigong (Land God) temple was placed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "Other Chinatowns in European capitals, including Paris and London, were established at the turn of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "Since it started in Omaha, that city had a notable Chinatown for almost a century."
},
{
"section_header": "Names | Other languages",
"text": "Most of these pecinans usually located in Java."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "As the transcontinental railroad was built, more Chinatowns started to appear in railroad towns such as St. Louis, Chicago, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Butte Montana, and many east coast cities such as New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Providence, and Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "The first Chinatown in London was located in the Limehouse area of the East End of London at the start of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Neighborhood activists and politicians have increased in prominence in some cities, and some are starting to attract support from non-Chinese voters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The development of most Chinatowns typically resulted from mass migration to an area without any or with very few Chinese residents."
}
] |
A Chinatown is usually started by a person who buys land and properties and turns it into this type of town.
| 0 | 0 |
Chinatown
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Team nicknames",
"text": "The \"Yankees\" name is often shortened to \"the Yanks.\" Their most prominently used nickname is \"the Bronx Bombers\" or simply \"the Bombers\", a reference to their home and their prolific hitting."
}
] |
d8OaL7VYl0NsqU4SSSvk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Team nicknames",
"text": "A less used nickname is \"the Pinstripes\", in reference to the iconic feature on their home uniforms."
},
{
"section_header": "Team nicknames",
"text": "The \"Yankees\" name is often shortened to \"the Yanks.\" Their most prominently used nickname is \"the Bronx Bombers\" or simply \"the Bombers\", a reference to their home and their prolific hitting."
},
{
"section_header": "Team nicknames",
"text": "A term from the team's tumultuous late 1970s, \"the Bronx Zoo\", is sometimes used by detractors, as well as the \"Damn Yankees\", after the musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Team nicknames",
"text": "Ironically, even many Yankees supporters refer to their team as the \"Evil Empire\" as a badge of honor and in fact enjoy having their team play the villain."
},
{
"section_header": "Team nicknames",
"text": "Critics often refer to the team and the organization as \"the Evil Empire\", a term applied to the Yankees by Boston Red Sox president Larry Lucchino in a 2002 interview with the New York Times."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1960–1964: Mantle and Maris",
"text": "The year 1961 was one of the most memorable in Yankees history."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1973–1981: Steinbrenner, Martin, Jackson, and Munson: the Bronx Zoo",
"text": "One of Steinbrenner's major goals was to renovate Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1960–1964: Mantle and Maris",
"text": "At that point, however, the Yankees had already strengthened their supply of future prospects, which included a young outfielder named Roger Maris."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2017–present: Baby Bombers",
"text": "Sanchez, Judge and Austin, as well as the Yankees' prosperous farm system in general, became nicknamed the \"Baby Bombers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Popularity | The Judge's Chambers at Yankee Stadium",
"text": "The Judge's Chambers was added in response to his rise as one of the league's most popular young stars."
}
] |
One of the Yankees nicknames include "New Zoo"
| 1 | 7 |
New York Yankees
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group was already using the name."
}
] |
d8UsfDR1n0BgIPhRSr81
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group, whose best-known lineup comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, are regarded as the most influential band of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "By January 1959, Lennon's Quarry Bank friends had left the group, and he began his studies at the Liverpool College of Art."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour",
"text": "Abandoning the customary group photograph, its Aubrey Beardsley-inspired cover – designed by Klaus Voormann, a friend of the band since their Hamburg days – was a monochrome collage and line drawing caricature of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group was already using the name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1970s",
"text": "Commonly known as the \"Red Album\" and \"Blue Album\","
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "In early 1965, following a dinner with Lennon, Harrison and their wives, Harrison's dentist, John Riley, secretly added LSD to their coffee."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Describing Let It Be as the \"only Beatles album to occasion negative, even hostile reviews\", Unterberger calls it \"on the whole underrated\"; he singles out \"some good moments of straight hard rock in 'I've Got a Feeling' and 'Dig a Pony'\", and praises \"Let It Be\", \"Get Back\", and \"the folky 'Two of Us', with John and Paul harmonising"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "In February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band."
}
] |
In 1957 John Lennon formed a group with friends called The Red Kings.
| 2 | 4 |
The Beatles
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation",
"text": "In 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation",
"text": "Page soon switched from bass to lead guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck."
}
] |
d8hQUGW8IYH9MrylgoK9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Bonham's death and break-up: 1978–1980",
"text": "August 1979, after two warm-up shows in Copenhagen, Led Zeppelin headlined two concerts at the Knebworth Music Festival, playing to a crowd of approximately 104,000 on the first night."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup | 2000s",
"text": "However, in January 2009, it was confirmed that the project had been abandoned. \" Getting the opportunity to play with Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones and Jason Bonham was pretty special,\" Kennedy recalled."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup | 2000s",
"text": "And what's even more disheartening, Jimmy used it against me.\"Jones"
},
{
"section_header": "History | \"The Biggest Band in the World\": 1971–1975",
"text": "In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five sold-out nights at the Earls Court Arena in London, at the time the largest arena in Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation",
"text": "Page soon switched from bass to lead guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "This began to be more clearly realised beginning with Led Zeppelin III, which made greater use of acoustic instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years: 1968–1970",
"text": "The band began their first tour of the UK on 4 October 1968, still billed as the New Yardbirds; they played their first show as Led Zeppelin at the University of Surrey in Battersea on 25 October."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Scottish folk guitarist Bert Jansch helped inspire Page, and from him he adapted open tunings and aggressive strokes into his playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "\" Bonham's drumming was noted for its power, his rapid rolls and his fast beats on a single bass drum; while Jones' basslines have been described as melodic and his keyboard playing added a classical touch to the band's sound."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup | 1980s",
"text": "It also featured a 1976 Bonham drum instrumental with electronic effects added by Page, called \"Bonzo's Montreux\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation",
"text": "In 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith."
}
] |
Even though he was supposed to play bass, Jimmy Page ended up not playing that instrument in the band Led Zeppelin.
| 1 | 4 |
Led Zeppelin
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While at the university, Zellweger took a drama course as an elective, which sparked her interest in acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Renée Kathleen Zellweger was born on April 25, 1969, in Katy, Texas."
}
] |
d9t45IGCMvIVrm3dpiBs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\" Zellweger began getting small parts acting, and earned her Screen Actors Guild card for doing a Coors Light commercial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career downturn and hiatus, 2008–2015",
"text": "My Own Love Song was released, Zellweger took a six-year hiatus from screen acting, as she found the time to \"go away and grow up a bit\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Resurgence and Judy, 2016–present",
"text": "Zellweger's win made her just the seventh actress to win an Oscar in both acting categories and the fourth to win Best Actress after Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career beginnings, 1992–1995",
"text": "She would next appear in the coming-of-age drama Empire Records (1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Renée Kathleen Zellweger was born on April 25, 1969, in Katy, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Resurgence and Judy, 2016–present",
"text": "Following her six-year hiatus from acting, Zellweger made her career comeback opposite Colin Firth and Patrick Dempsey in the romantic comedy Bridget Jones's Baby (2016), the third part in the Bridget Jones franchise, portraying Jones in her forties and single as she discovers that she is pregnant and must work out who the father is."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While at the university, Zellweger took a drama course as an elective, which sparked her interest in acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Worldwide recognition, 2001–2007",
"text": "William Arnold, of Seattle Post-Intelligencer concluded that Renée \"strikes just the right chord of inspiration, eccentricity and uncompromising artistic drive,\" For her portrayal, she earned her sixth nomination for the Golden Globe Award (and her fifth one in the category of Best Actress – Musical or Comedy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Resurgence and Judy, 2016–present",
"text": "Peter Travers of Rolling Stone opined, \"Zellweger performs miracles playing Judy Garland: singing her heart out, baring her bruised soul and acting with a ferocity that ultimately rises to a state of grace.\" For her performance in Judy, Zellweger won numerous awards, including the Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, BAFTA Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress."
}
] |
Renée Zellweger is a Texan actress that began acting at the age of six.
| 0 | 0 |
Renée Zellweger
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "In order to gain financing for his play, God of Our Fathers, he agrees to hire actress Olive Neal, the girlfriend of a gangster."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "As the actors prepare for opening night, Shayne is soon in over his head claiming Cheech's rewrites as his own, cheating on his partner, Ellen, with the show's seductive, alcoholic leading lady, Helen Sinclair, and facing his leading man, a compulsive eater, beginning an affair with Olive."
}
] |
dAMdWi4tlgrVygmXy2Sh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bullets over Broadway received a positive response from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bullets over Broadway is a 1994 American black comedy crime film directed by Woody Allen, written by Allen and Douglas McGrath and starring an ensemble cast including John Cusack, Dianne Wiest, Chazz Palminteri and Jennifer Tilly."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage musical",
"text": "Allen adapted the film as a stage Jukebox musical, titled Bullets Over Broadway the Musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "As the actors prepare for opening night, Shayne is soon in over his head claiming Cheech's rewrites as his own, cheating on his partner, Ellen, with the show's seductive, alcoholic leading lady, Helen Sinclair, and facing his leading man, a compulsive eater, beginning an affair with Olive."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"Janet Maslin of The New York Times described the film as \"a bright, energetic, sometimes side-splitting comedy with vital matters on its mind, precisely the kind of sharp-edged farce [Allen] has always done best.\" Todd McCarthy of Variety similarly called it \"a backstage comedy bolstered by healthy shots of prohibition gangster melodrama and romantic entanglements\" and wrote, \"In its mixing of showbiz and gangsters, this is a nice companion piece to Allen's Broadway Danny Rose, and about as amusing.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised, \"Bullets Over Broadway shares a kinship with a more serious film by Allen, Crimes and Misdemeanors, in which a man committed murder and was able, somehow, to almost justify it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The review-aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reports 97% positive reviews from 58 critics, with the consensus \"A gleefully entertaining backstage comedy, Bullets Over Broadway features some of Woody Allen's sharpest, most inspired late-period writing and direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "She is demanding and talentless, but her gangster escort"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Won",
"text": "Dianne Wiest Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female –"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Won",
"text": "Chazz Palminteri Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role –"
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "In order to gain financing for his play, God of Our Fathers, he agrees to hire actress Olive Neal, the girlfriend of a gangster."
}
] |
Receiving affirmative response, Bullets over Broadway is a 1994 film with a gangster, a compulsive eater, and an alcoholic female star.
| 0 | 0 |
Bullets over Broadway
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
}
] |
dBHiey8uvRdIFavfK8ks
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The name Daubechies is widely associated with the orthogonal Daubechies wavelet and the biorthogonal CDF wavelet."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Cohen, I. Daubechies, and A. Ron"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the daughter of Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer) and Simonne Duran (then a homemaker, later a criminologist)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "D. Aerts and I. Daubechies, A characterization of subsystems in physics, Lett."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daubechies is recognized for her study of the mathematical methods that enhance image-compression technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "From 1991-1994 Daubechies taught as a professor at Rutgers University in their Mathematics Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2012, King Albert II of Belgium granted Daubechies the title of Baroness."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Daubechies was the 2006 Emmy Noether Lecturer at the San Antonio Joint Mathematics Meetings."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "\"In 2018, Daubechies was awarded the Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award ($440,000) for her work on wavelets."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Europe).In 2020, Daubechies received the Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
}
] |
Daubechies was a dutch artist and playwright.
| 0 | 0 |
Ingrid Daubechies
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "With the ruins of Japan as a background, Lelouch vows to his Japanese friend Suzaku Kururugi that he will one day obliterate Britannia as an act of vengeance against his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Setting",
"text": "The story takes place after the Holy Britannian Empire's conquest of Japan on August 10, 2010 a.t.b., by means of Britannia's newest weapon, the \"Autonomous Armored Knight\", or \"Knightmare Frame\"."
}
] |
dBfluigplvQgwJvrlEwa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the sixth annual Tokyo Anime Awards held at the 2007 Tokyo International Anime Fair, Code Geass won the best anime television series award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass was broadcast in Japan on MBS from October 2006 to July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Home video sales",
"text": "\" By August 2008, over 900,000 Code Geass discs had been sold in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "Lelouch decides to use his Geass to find his mother's murderers, destroy the Britannian Empire, and create a better world where Nunnally can live happily."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass has been well received in Japan, selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Home video sales",
"text": "Reportedly, Bandai Visual shipped over one million DVD and Blu-ray Discs related to the Code Geass franchise by November 2008, placing it among the most popular contemporary anime series in both Japan and North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "During 2017–2018, Code Geass launched three theatrical recap movies in Japan (October 21, February 10, and May 26 respectively), across 79 Theaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its sequel series, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2, ran as a simulcast on MBS and TBS from April 2008 to September 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (Japanese: コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ,"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "With the ruins of Japan as a background, Lelouch vows to his Japanese friend Suzaku Kururugi that he will one day obliterate Britannia as an act of vengeance against his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Setting",
"text": "The story takes place after the Holy Britannian Empire's conquest of Japan on August 10, 2010 a.t.b., by means of Britannia's newest weapon, the \"Autonomous Armored Knight\", or \"Knightmare Frame\"."
}
] |
In the television series Code Geass, modern Japan has been destroyed.
| 0 | 0 |
Code Geass
|
NOCAT
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He began his career in professional baseball in 1920 with the Nashville Giants, then played for the Detroit Stars, beginning in 1923."
}
] |
dBv6pyjTIDrUdyr7RY8d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Stearnes is considered by some as one of the great all-around players in the history of baseball, but because of his race and his quiet personality, he never received the recognition that many believe he deserved."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1931, the Stars failed to pay Stearnes his salary because of the Great Depression, so he moved from team to team for the remainder of his career, retiring in 1942 as a member of the Kansas City Monarchs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Norman Thomas \"Turkey\" Stearnes (May 8, 1901 – September 4, 1979) was an American baseball outfielder in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The 175-pound Stearnes was a fast baserunner despite his awkward-looking running form, and was one of the best outfielders of his generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2001, writer Bill James ranked Stearnes as the 25th greatest baseball player of all-time and the best left fielder in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work and later life",
"text": "Despite his accomplishments, Stearnes had to work winters in Detroit's auto plants to survive, primarily in a factory owned by Walter Briggs, who was the owner of the Detroit Tigers, a team he couldn't play for because he was black."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Stearnes' known career statistics include a .344 batting average, 176 home runs, 750 games, and a .621 slugging percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Stearnes acquired his nickname at an early age from his unusual running style."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Since Negro league seasons were very short, sometimes lasting fewer than 30 games, it is unclear how many home runs Stearnes might have hit in a 154-game major league season."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work and later life",
"text": "Stearnes was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2000, 21 years after his death in Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He began his career in professional baseball in 1920 with the Nashville Giants, then played for the Detroit Stars, beginning in 1923."
}
] |
Turkey Stearnes was a player who started his career on a non MLB team in the 1930s.
| 1 | 7 |
Turkey Stearnes
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Some systems have multiple, distinct, resonant frequencies."
}
] |
dCgy53ZYRvJZsqCxyKyq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Resonators",
"text": "There may be several such series of resonant frequencies, corresponding to different modes of oscillation."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Transfer function, frequency response, and resonance for an RLC series circuit | Resonance of voltage across the capacitor",
"text": "An RLC circuit in series presents several options for where to measure an output voltage."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Transfer function, frequency response, and resonance for an RLC series circuit | Resonance of voltage across the capacitor",
"text": "Here, the resonance corresponds physically to having a relatively large amplitude for the steady state oscillations of the voltage across the capacitor compared to its amplitude at other driving frequencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Resonance of a driven, damped harmonic oscillator",
"text": "For the mass on a spring, resonance corresponds physically to the mass's oscillations having large displacements from the spring's equilibrium position at certain driving frequencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples",
"text": "Material resonances in atomic scale are the basis of several spectroscopic techniques that are used in condensed matter physics Electron spin resonance"
},
{
"section_header": "Q factor",
"text": "Sinusoidally driven resonators having higher Q factors resonate with greater amplitudes (at the resonant frequency) but have a smaller range of frequencies around the frequency at which they resonate."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Mechanical and acoustic resonance",
"text": "In addition, engineers designing objects having engines must ensure that the mechanical resonant frequencies of the component parts do not match driving vibrational frequencies of the motors or other strongly oscillating parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of resonance | Optical resonance",
"text": "Resonator types are also designed to meet other criteria such as minimum beam waist or having no focal point (and therefore intense light at that point) inside the cavity."
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Transfer function, frequency response, and resonance for an RLC series circuit | Relationships between resonance and frequency response in the RLC series circuit example",
"text": "How the resonant frequency for a single system can be different for different choices of system output"
},
{
"section_header": "Resonance in linear systems | Transfer function, frequency response, and resonance for an RLC series circuit | Relationships between resonance and frequency response in the RLC series circuit example",
"text": "These RLC circuit examples illustrate how resonance is related to the frequency response of the system."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Some systems have multiple, distinct, resonant frequencies."
}
] |
All the systems of resonance have several frequencies.
| 0 | 0 |
Resonance
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Niihau Incident",
"text": "The island's residents had no telephones or radios and were completely unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor."
}
] |
dCz5D2UzofQH55UMPXnB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Salvage",
"text": "Around Pearl Harbor, divers from the Navy (shore and tenders), the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard, and civilian contractors (Pacific Bridge Company and others) began work on the ships that could be refloated."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Niihau Incident",
"text": "Japanese planners of the Pearl Harbor attack had determined that some means were required for rescuing fliers whose aircraft were damaged too badly to return to the carriers."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Submarines",
"text": "The midget may have entered Pearl Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | American casualties and damage",
"text": "All of the Americans killed or wounded during the attack"
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | First wave composition",
"text": "The results the Japanese achieved in the Philippines were essentially the same as at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked Pearl Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Second wave composition",
"text": "One was tasked to attack Kāneʻohe, the rest Pearl Harbor proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | American casualties and damage",
"text": "Eight Army Air Forces pilots managed to get airborne during the attack, and six were credited with downing at least one Japanese aircraft during the attack: 1st"
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | American casualties and damage",
"text": "At the time of the attack, nine civilian aircraft were flying in the vicinity of Pearl Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Niihau Incident",
"text": "The island's residents had no telephones or radios and were completely unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "News coverage",
"text": "The initial announcement of the attack on Pearl Harbor was made by the White House Press Secretary,"
}
] |
Around Pearl Harbor, during the attack, there were not any means of communication available to the population.
| 0 | 0 |
Attack on Pearl Harbor
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection and other honors",
"text": "A portion of the brick center field wall from Forbes Field remains standing on the University of Pittsburgh campus in Pittsburgh's Oakland District as a memorial."
}
] |
dCzown23QriNXXW9qt4x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The ultimate home run",
"text": "The mammoth blast gave the Pirates their first World Series championship in 35 years and set off a wild celebration in Pittsburgh that lasted for days."
},
{
"section_header": "The ultimate home run",
"text": "Mazeroski forged his legacy in the 1960 World Series, when he slammed two game-winning home runs, the last on October 13 in Game 7 off New York Yankees pitcher Ralph Terry at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As a 17-year-old in 1954, Mazeroski signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection and other honors",
"text": "A portion of the brick center field wall from Forbes Field remains standing on the University of Pittsburgh campus in Pittsburgh's Oakland District as a memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Stanley Mazeroski (born September 5, 1936) is an American former baseball second baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1956–1972 and hit one of the epic home runs in major league history, a dramatic ninth-inning blast that decided the 1960 World Series and remains the only walk-off homer in a seventh game."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In his prime years, he drove in more runs than any middle infielder in baseball even though he was frequently in the bottom third of the order."
},
{
"section_header": "The ultimate home run",
"text": "In the fourth inning of Game 1, with Don Hoak on base, Mazeroski hit a two-run homer off Jim Coates that cleared the left-field scoreboard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mazeroski was a key member of two Pirates World Series championship teams in the 1960 and 1971 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "He was also in a commercial for FSN Pittsburgh featuring former Pirates first baseman Sean Casey."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In 1966 and 1967, he was in the field for all except 32 of a possible 2,921 2/3 innings."
}
] |
A structural piece from Forbes Field where Mazeroski hit a home run that gave the Pittsburgh Pirates their first World Series championship in 35 years is still standing in Pittsburgh even though most of the baseball stadium is gone.
| 1 | 3 |
Bill Mazeroski
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pakistan is a member of the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the OIC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the SAARC, the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, and is a major non-NATO ally."
}
] |
dD6W77Edk8VOiysxtk0N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Legislative: The bicameral legislature comprises a 104-member Senate (upper house) and a 342-member National Assembly (lower house)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Pakistan is also a member of Commonwealth of Nations, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), and the G20 developing nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Military | Military history",
"text": "Apart from its own conflicts, Pakistan has been an active participant in United Nations peacekeeping missions."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Kashmir conflict",
"text": "India referred the dispute to the United Nations on 1 January 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Members of the National Assembly are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pakistan is a member of the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the OIC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the SAARC, the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, and is a major non-NATO ally."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Briefing on the country's foreign policy in 2004, a Pakistani senator reportedly explained: \"Pakistan highlights sovereign equality of states, bilateralism, mutuality of interests, and non-interference in each other's domestic affairs as the cardinal features of its foreign policy.\" Pakistan is an active member of the United Nations and has a Permanent Representative to represent Pakistan's positions in international politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations | Emphasis on relations with Muslim world",
"text": "Pakistan is an influential and founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Pakistan has had an \"on-and-off\" relationship with the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "A non-signatory party of the Treaty on Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Pakistan is an influential member of the IAEA."
}
] |
Pakistan is not a member of the United Nations.
| 3 | 5 |
Pakistan
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "From 1999 to 2000, Zellweger was engaged to Jim Carrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "In May 2005, Zellweger married singer Kenny Chesney."
}
] |
dDUmcVCmLna3Z7M0Bw5P
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough, 1996–2000",
"text": "The film flopped at the box office, but Zellweger was applauded by some critics such as Ebert, who, once again impressed by her, stated that she gave a \"ferociously strong performance.\" Zellweger also starred in the 1998 drama One True Thing, opposite William Hurt and Meryl Streep."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "From 1999 to 2000, Zellweger was engaged to Jim Carrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "In May 2005, Zellweger married singer Kenny Chesney."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Ha. Ha. But I am different. I'm happy.\" Among her numerous accolades for her acting work, Zellweger has received two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards, four Critics' Choice Movie Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a Independent Spirit Awards, four Screen Actors Guild Awards, a British Independent Film Awards, and awards from the London Film Critics Circle, National Board of Review, National Society of Film Critics, New York Film Critics Circle, and Santa Barbara International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Zellweger said of the job, \"I learned a lot."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough, 1996–2000",
"text": "Roger Ebert, showing approval of Zellweger and Cruise's chemistry in it, wrote: \"The film is often a delight, especially when Cruise and Zellweger are together on the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Zellweger responded, \"Perhaps I look different."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Activism",
"text": "Zellweger is one of the patrons for gender equality foundation"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Houses",
"text": "Zellweger has owned properties in Los Angeles, the Hamptons, and in Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Worldwide recognition, 2001–2007",
"text": "On May 24, 2005, Zellweger received her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame."
}
] |
Zellweger has been engaged once and married once.
| 2 | 3 |
Renée Zellweger
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I."
}
] |
dE0JPJbcG1sQPlZtyWyR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-war legacy",
"text": "However, it was blown up in World War II by the Germans during their retreat from Prussia in January 1945.German film director Heinz Paul made a film, Tannenberg, about the battle, shot in East Prussia in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Germany entered World War I largely following the Schlieffen Plan."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war legacy",
"text": "World War I featuring the battle and several other engagements from the Eastern Front."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The French army's Plan XVII at the outbreak of the war involved swift mobilization followed by an immediate attack to drive the Germans from Alsace and Lorraine."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The basic idea was for Germany to use its speed advantage to mobilize before the French could, invade and defeat France before it mobilized, and then turn the German army around, send it east, and defeat Russia, which was seen as being slower to mobilize than France."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war legacy",
"text": "The video game Darkest of Days features the Battle of Tannenberg as one of the game's signature historical locations the player gets to explore."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Devised a decade earlier in response to concerns about fighting a two-front war with Russia and France, the Plan depended on differences in the speed with which the different nations could mobilize their armies for war."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war legacy",
"text": "The PC game Tannenberg (video game) released in 2017 is squad-based multiplayer first-person shooter set during"
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Field Marshal Sir Edmund Ironside saw Tannenberg as the “… greatest defeat suffered by any of the combatants during the war”."
}
] |
The Battle of Tannenberg was a clash involving Germany and France in World War II.
| 1 | 2 |
Battle of Tannenberg
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He then euthanizes Lennie by shooting him, because he sees it as an action in Lennie's best interest."
}
] |
dEqtdryKnuS1qS5zGS8J
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "George Milton: A quick-witted man who is Lennie's guardian and best friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Burns's poem tells of the regret the narrator feels for having destroyed the home of a mouse while plowing his field."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After finding out about Lennie's habit, she offers to let him stroke her hair, but panics and begins to scream when she feels his strength."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Fate is felt most heavily as the characters' aspirations are destroyed when George is unable to protect Lennie (who is a real danger)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gang Gang aft agley\". (The best laid schemes of mice and men / Often go awry.) While it is a book taught in many schools, Of Mice and Men has been a frequent target of censors for vulgarity, and what some consider offensive and racist language; consequently, it appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of 21st Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When the other ranch hands find the corpse, George realizes that their dream is at an end."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Fearing that his age is making him useless, he seizes on George's description of the farm he and Lennie will have, offering his life's savings if he can join George and Lennie in owning the land."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Lennie is the only one who is basically unable to take care of himself, but the other characters would do this in the improved circumstances they seek."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Curley uses his aggressive nature and superior position in an attempt to take control of his father's farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Steinbeck emphasizes dreams throughout the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He then euthanizes Lennie by shooting him, because he sees it as an action in Lennie's best interest."
}
] |
The book ends with a man having to take out his best friend to save him from a worse fate.
| 0 | 0 |
Of Mice and Men
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed."
}
] |
dEuxrTvslcPtbVwY5Dan
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace negotiations",
"text": "The treaty was signed at 17:50 on 3 March 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "In the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I, one clause abrogated the Brest-Litovsk treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "Paragraph 3 of Article IV of the treaty stated that: The districts of Erdehan, Kars, and Batum will likewise and without delay be cleared of Russian troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in eastern Europe",
"text": "Despite all this, Ludendorff completely ruled out the idea of marching on Moscow and Petrograd to remove the Bolshevik government from power."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Soviet-German financial agreement of August 1918",
"text": "In the wake of Soviet repudiation of Tsarist bonds, nationalisation of foreign-owned property and confiscation of foreign assets, the Soviets and Germany signed an additional agreement on 27 August 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty was annulled by the Armistice of 11 November 1918, when Germany surrendered to the western Allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The signatories were Soviet Russia signed by Grigori Sokolnikov on the one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire on the other."
}
] |
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was filmed on 3 March 1918.
| 0 | 0 |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Decision | Dissent",
"text": "Justice John Marshall Harlan was the lone dissenter from the decision, and his dissent harshly criticized the majority's judgments."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Plessy is widely regarded as one of the worst decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history."
}
] |
dFaTqg2HlCJUXiCZNJD0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Plessy v. Ferguson was never explicitly overruled by the Supreme Court, but is effectively dead as a precedent."
},
{
"section_header": "Decision | Dissent",
"text": "Justice John Marshall Harlan was the lone dissenter from the decision, and his dissent harshly criticized the majority's judgments."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Plessy is widely regarded as one of the worst decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance | Plessy and Ferguson Foundation",
"text": "In 2009, Keith Plessy and Phoebe Ferguson, descendants of participants on both sides of the 1896 Supreme Court case, announced establishing the Plessy and Ferguson Foundation for Education and Reconciliation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite its infamy, the decision itself has never been explicitly overruled."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Justice John Marshall Harlan was the lone dissenter from the Court's decision, writing that the U.S. Constitution \"is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens\", and so the law's distinguishing of passengers' races should have been found unconstitutional."
},
{
"section_header": "Decision | Dissent",
"text": "Harlan disagreed with the Court's rejection of Plessy's argument that the Louisiana law implied that blacks were inferior, and stated that the majority was being willfully ignorant on the subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Decision | Dissent",
"text": "Both Dred Scott and Plessy usually sit at the top of lists of the Supreme Court's worst decisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Supreme Court appeal",
"text": "Oral arguments were held before the Supreme Court on April 13, 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as \"separate but equal\"."
}
] |
The 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson has a dissent written by Justice John Marshall Harlan and it is considered to be the worst decision in Supreme Court history despite never being overruled.
| 1 | 3 |
Plessy v. Ferguson
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
}
] |
dGS4iaSWV0CQsa7hVPB5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes | Foolishness of lovers",
"text": "Another major theme is the foolishness of lovers, what Roger Warren refers to as \"mockery of the absurdity of conventional lovers' behaviour.\" Valentine for example, is introduced into the play mocking the excesses of love; \"To be in love, where scorn is bought with groans/Coy looks with heart-sore sighs, one fading moment's mirth/With twenty watchful, weary, tedious nights\" (1.1.29–31)."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes | Foolishness of lovers",
"text": "The majority of the cynicism and mockery as regards conventional lovers, however, comes from Launce and Speed, who serve as foils for the two protagonists, and \"supply a mundane view of the idealistic flights of fancy indulged in by Proteus and Valentine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "The exact date of composition of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is unknown, but it is generally believed to have been one of Shakespeare's earliest works."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two Gentlemen is often regarded as one of Shakespeare's weakest plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Meanwhile, in Verona, Julia decides to join her lover in Milan."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes",
"text": "\" More recently, Stanley Wells has referred to the play as a \"dramatic laboratory in which Shakespeare first experimented with the conventions of romantic comedy which he would later treat with a more subtle complexity, but it has its own charm.\" Other critics have been less kind however, arguing that if the later plays show a skilled and confident writer exploring serious issues of the human heart, Two Gentlemen represents the initial, primarily unsuccessful attempt to do likewise."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes | Love and friendship",
"text": "\" At the very centre of this is the contest between love and friendship; \"an essential part of the comicality of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is created by the necessary conflict between highly stylised concepts of love and friendship."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Gentlemen is also featured in Shakespeare in Love (1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "It has been argued that Two Gentlemen may have been Shakespeare's first work for the stage."
}
] |
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a serious play about foolishness of lovers.
| 0 | 0 |
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's narrative follows a perplexed woman, her Marine husband and a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran whom she meets while her husband is deployed in Vietnam."
}
] |
dGwsI0AyS99SdDgNzLxv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They were united by their opposition to the Vietnam War and by their concern for the veterans who were returning to America and facing difficulties adapting to life back home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home was theatrically released on February 15, 1978 to critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home is a 1978 American romantic drama war film directed by Hal Ashby from a screenplay written by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones and from a story by Nancy Dowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Coming Home premiered at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, where Voight won the award for Best Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's narrative follows a perplexed woman, her Marine husband and a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran whom she meets while her husband is deployed in Vietnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Alan J. Pakula's Comes a Horseman (1978)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Coming Home was conceived by Jane Fonda as the first feature for her own production company, IPC Films (for Indochina Peace Campaign), with her associate producer Bruce Gilbert, a friend from her protest days."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Originally, Dowd's story, tentatively titled Buffalo Ghosts, focused on two women, volunteers at a veterans' hospital, who must come to grips with the emotional toll that the war takes on its casualties and their families."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "With nothing else to do, she decides to volunteer at a local veterans' (VA) hospital, partially inspired by her bohemian friend Vi Munson, whose brother Billy has come home after just two weeks in Vietnam with grave emotional problems and now resides in the VA hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"Coming Home's stellar cast elevates the love triangle in the center of its story - and adds a necessary human component to its none-too-subtle political message.\" Norden, Martin F, The Cinema of Isolation: a history of physical disability in the movies, Rutgers University Press, 1994, ISBN 0"
}
] |
Coming Home is a movie that follows a troop of soldiers as they come back to base after war.
| 0 | 0 |
Coming Home (1978 film)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Life properties",
"text": "Scientific opinions differ on whether viruses are a form of life, or organic structures that interact with living organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Life properties",
"text": "They have been described as \"organisms at the edge of life\", since they resemble organisms in that they possess genes, evolve by natural selection, and reproduce by creating multiple copies of themselves through self-assembly."
}
] |
dH1BvOfgRmaXrJgaAl3M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applications | Materials science and nanotechnology",
"text": "From the viewpoint of a materials scientist, viruses can be regarded as organic nanoparticles."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Life sciences and medicine | Virotherapy",
"text": "Viruses have been modified by scientists to reproduce in cancer cells and destroy them but not infect healthy cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Life sciences and medicine",
"text": "Eastern European scientists have used phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for some time, and interest in this approach is increasing, because of the high level of antibiotic resistance now found in some pathogenic bacteria."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in aquatic ecosystems",
"text": "In January 2018, scientists reported that 800 million viruses, mainly of marine origin, are deposited daily from the Earth's atmosphere onto every square meter of the planet's surface, as the result of a global atmospheric stream of viruses, circulating above the weather system but below the altitude of usual airline travel, distributing viruses around the planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Animal viruses",
"text": "Viruses are important pathogens of livestock."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Archaeal viruses",
"text": "Some viruses replicate within archaea: these are double-stranded DNA viruses with unusual and sometimes unique shapes."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Synthetic viruses",
"text": "That is, they contain all the necessary information to produce new viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Synthetic viruses",
"text": "The ability to synthesise viruses has far-reaching consequences, since viruses can no longer be regarded as extinct, as long as the information of their genome sequence is known and permissive cells are available."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Archaeal viruses",
"text": "Defences against these viruses involve RNA interference from repetitive DNA sequences within archaean genomes that are related to the genes of the viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "Plants have elaborate and effective defence mechanisms against viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Life properties",
"text": "Scientific opinions differ on whether viruses are a form of life, or organic structures that interact with living organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Life properties",
"text": "They have been described as \"organisms at the edge of life\", since they resemble organisms in that they possess genes, evolve by natural selection, and reproduce by creating multiple copies of themselves through self-assembly."
}
] |
It has not been settled by all scientist that viruses are alive.
| 0 | 0 |
Virus
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States."
}
] |
dH1p6TUMH3ojx2JMVq2t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "I never saw him. That was J.D. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bill Gates said that The Catcher in the Rye is one of his favorite books."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | Banned fan fiction",
"text": "The novel's author, Fredrik Colting, commented: \"call me an ignorant Swede, but the last thing I thought possible in the U.S. was that you banned books\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "According to the American Library Association, The Catcher in the Rye was the 10th most frequently challenged book from 1990 to 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | Banned fan fiction",
"text": "The issue is complicated by the nature of Colting's book, 60 Years Later: Coming Through the Rye, which has been compared to fan fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "The book was banned in the Issaquah, Washington high schools in 1978 as being part of an \"overall communist plot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "Writer-director Billy Wilder recounted his abortive attempts to snare the novel's rights: Of course I read The Catcher in the Rye... Wonderful book."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "This \"catcher in the rye\" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In June 2009, the BBC's Finlo Rohrer wrote that, 58 years since publication, the book is still regarded \"as the defining work on what it is like to be a teenager.\" Adam Gopnik considers it one of the \"three perfect books\" in American literature, along with Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Great Gatsby, and believes that \"no book has ever captured a city better than Catcher in the Rye captured New York in the fifties."
}
] |
The book The Catcher in the Rye has always been popular and has never been banned.
| 0 | 0 |
The Catcher in the Rye
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Sir Harry Johnston wrote a sequel, a novel entitled Mrs. Warren's Daughter, circa 1920."
}
] |
dHHBr78I6w63gCceiCvj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1893, and first performed in London in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Sir Harry Johnston wrote a sequel, a novel entitled Mrs. Warren's Daughter, circa 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Sir George Crofts: Mrs. Warren's business partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1960 German film adaption, Mrs. Warren's Profession, starred Lilli Palmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "in which she justifies herself, is only a paraphrase of a scene in a novel of my own, Cashel Byron's Profession (hence the title, Mrs Warren's Profession), in which a prize-fighter shows how he was driven into the ring exactly as Mrs. Warren was driven on the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Vivie's character and the changing role of women",
"text": "Frank flirts with both Mrs. Warren and Vivie; Mrs. Warren's companion Sir George Crofts proposes marriage to Vivie despite his relationship with her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "Members-only clubs had been a device to avoid the eye of authority, but actors often also used the opportunity to invite their fellow-artists to a private showing of a play, usually on Sundays, when theatres were closed to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Vivie Warren: Mrs. Warren's daughter, recently graduated from university with honours."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "The Shaw Festival at Niagara-on-the-Lake"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel Cashel Byron's Profession, about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities."
}
] |
The play, Mrs. Warren's Profession, by George Bernard Shaw has a sequel written by the same author.
| 1 | 1 |
Mrs. Warren's Profession
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "A lift will take visitors almost to the top – to the attic, where there is a small museum which contains large models of the Arc and tells its story from the time of its construction."
}
] |
dHQFO3niFPMc4cociKP3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Another 40 steps remain to climb in order to reach the top, the terrasse, from where one can enjoy a panoramic view of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "A lift will take visitors almost to the top – to the attic, where there is a small museum which contains large models of the Arc and tells its story from the time of its construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "For four years from 1882 to 1886, a monumental sculpture by Alexandre Falguière topped the arch."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "The slab on top bears the inscription ICI REPOSE UN SOLDAT FRANÇAIS MORT"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it is not named an Arc de Triomphe, it has been designed on the same model and in the perspective of the Arc de Triomphe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The ceiling with 21 sculpted roses Interior of the Arc de Triomphe"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "On 7 August 1919, Charles Godefroy successfully flew his biplane under the Arc."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is accessible by the RER and Métro, with exit at the Charles de Gaulle—Étoile station."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues."
}
] |
The Arc has a restaurant almost at the top that can be reached by stairs.
| 0 | 5 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise."
}
] |
dHs8efCCOS75kQoymy9F
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series has also been adapted into various manga and light novels with the former showing various alternate scenarios from the TV series."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Furthermore, Code Geass won the award for Best TV Animation at the twelfth Animation Kobe event, held annually in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, with R2 taking the award in the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The supernatural \"Geass\" ability finally came into the show at this point and was first conceived as a special power granted by an \"angel\" to the main characters, though this last part was also modified."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (Japanese: コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass was broadcast in Japan on MBS from October 2006 to July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Since its premiere, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion has collected numerous awards and accolades."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Code Geass has received best-selling success and broad critical acclaim since its release."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Home video sales",
"text": "\" By August 2008, over 900,000 Code Geass discs had been sold in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Code Geass began as a concept developed at Sunrise by Ichirō Ōkouchi and Gorō Taniguchi, who proposed it"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In the 2009, Seiun Award, Code Geass R2 was a nominee in the category \"Best Media Award\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise."
}
] |
Code Geass is a Chinese tv show.
| 0 | 3 |
Code Geass
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "Every planetary body (including the Earth) is surrounded by its own gravitational field, which can be conceptualized with Newtonian physics as exerting an attractive force on all objects."
}
] |
dIgQpMxFqjAFngBzW4Ae
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "Also, again ignoring air resistance, any and all objects, when dropped from the same height, will hit the ground at the same time."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Gravity and astronomy",
"text": "The application of Newton's law of gravity has enabled the acquisition of much of the detailed information we have about the planets in the Solar System, the mass of the Sun, and details of quasars; even the existence of dark matter is inferred using Newton's law of gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Gravitational radiation",
"text": "This observation confirms the theoretical predictions of Einstein and others that such waves exist."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Scientific revolution",
"text": "Galileo postulated air resistance as the reason that objects with less mass fall more slowly in an atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Equivalence principle",
"text": "Such experiments demonstrate that all objects fall at the same rate when other forces (such as air resistance and electromagnetic effects) are negligible."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "Assuming the standardized value for g and ignoring air resistance, this means that an object falling freely near the Earth's surface increases its velocity by 9.80665 m/s (32.1740 ft/s or 22 mph) for each second of its descent."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "Newton's theory enjoyed its greatest success when it was used to predict the existence of Neptune based on motions of Uranus that could not be accounted for by the actions of the other planets."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | General relativity | Tests",
"text": "In 1927 Georges Lemaître showed that static solutions of the Einstein equations, which are possible in the presence of the cosmological constant, are unstable, and therefore the static Universe envisioned by Einstein could not exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Gravity and astronomy",
"text": "These masses are obtained by applying the laws of gravity to the measured characteristics of the orbit."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Gravity and astronomy",
"text": "In space an object maintains its orbit because of the force of gravity acting upon it."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "Every planetary body (including the Earth) is surrounded by its own gravitational field, which can be conceptualized with Newtonian physics as exerting an attractive force on all objects."
}
] |
Gravity does not exist 300 stories in the air.
| 0 | 0 |
Gravity
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan was born in New York City, the eighth of eleven children of Josephine Wright (née Hancox) and George Diogracia Wuppermann."
}
] |
dJAa38X7VcjHal0ZwxZJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Ralph Morgan was married to Georgiana Louise Iverson, who as a stage actress was known as Grace Arnold, although he called her \"Daisy\" and was the father of Claudia Morgan (born Claudia Louise Wuppermann; 1911–1974), an actress best known for creating the role of Vera Claythorne on Broadway in the original production of Ten Little Indians, and for her portrayal of Nora Charles on the radio series The Thin Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raphael Kuhner Wuppermann (July 6, 1883 – June 11, 1956), known professionally as Ralph Morgan, was a Hollywood stage and film character actor, and the older brother of Frank Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His career would eventually overshadow that of Ralph."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan became so successful in stock and on Broadway that his younger brother, Frank, was encouraged to give acting a try, using the same surname as Ralph for his stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Morgan died on June 11, 1956, of a lung ailment."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Morgan has a star in the Motion Pictures section of the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1617 Vine Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan attended Trinity School, Riverview Military Academy and graduated from Columbia University with a law degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Morgan made his debut in silent films in 1915, appearing in several productions made on the East Coast."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Morgan later worked in both radio and television, frequently in religious dramas filmed for Family Theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan was born in New York City, the eighth of eleven children of Josephine Wright (née Hancox) and George Diogracia Wuppermann."
}
] |
Ralph Morgan had ten siblings.
| 0 | 3 |
Ralph Morgan
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 1910 season was his last, and Joss missed most of the year due to injury."
}
] |
dJQLfxp5slVo8aNDMqyP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Final years with Naps (1909–10)",
"text": "He made his last appearance of the season on July 25, and left the game in the fifth inning due to arm soreness."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 1910 season was his last, and Joss missed most of the year due to injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Final years with Naps (1909–10)",
"text": "The Naps finished 71–82. In his final major league season, Joss finished with a 5–5 record in 107 1⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Final years with Naps (1909–10)",
"text": "Joss finished the year with a 14–13 record in 242 2⁄3 innings pitched and recorded a 1.71 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1908 season and perfect game",
"text": "\"For the season, Joss averaged 0.83 walks per nine innings, becoming one of 29 pitchers in MLB history to average less than one walk per nine innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)",
"text": "His walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) was an MLB-low 0.948.For"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Final years with Naps (1909–10)",
"text": "In the second inning, the White Sox' Freddy Parent hit a ball toward third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1908 season and perfect game",
"text": "Stovall dug the ball out of the dirt to achieve the final out."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Final years with Naps (1909–10)",
"text": "He made just 13 appearances that season due to a torn ligament in his right elbow."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career marks",
"text": "Joss' 1.89 career ERA is ranked second all-time (to Ed Walsh), while his 0.97 WHIP (walks and hits per inning pitched) is the lowest career WHIP in MLB history."
}
] |
In his final year in the MLB, Joss sat out most of the season due to an injury.
| 0 | 3 |
Addie Joss
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35",
"text": "Cooper became a major movie star in 1929 with the release of his first talking picture, The Virginian (1929), which was directed by Victor Fleming and co-starred Mary Brian and Walter Huston."
}
] |
dK0ZRVRaNZZ7alsqLmVy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "Knowing that other actors were using the name \"Frank Cooper\", Collins suggested he change his first name to \"Gary\" after her hometown of Gary, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35",
"text": "Cooper became a major movie star in 1929 with the release of his first talking picture, The Virginian (1929), which was directed by Victor Fleming and co-starred Mary Brian and Walter Huston."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After establishing himself as a Western hero in his early silent films, he appeared as the Virginian and became a movie star in 1929 with his first sound picture, The Virginian."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "In 1927, with help from Clara Bow, Cooper landed high-profile roles in Children of Divorce and Wings (both 1927), the latter being the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "Around the same time, Cooper made Lilac Time (1928) with Colleen Moore for First National Pictures, his first movie with synchronized music and sound effects."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "He worked for several Poverty Row studios, but also the already emergent major studios, Famous Players-Lasky and Fox Film Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "That year, Cooper also appeared in his first starring roles in Arizona Bound and Nevada—both films directed by John Waters."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "It became one of the most commercially successful films of 1928."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt, Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35",
"text": "Norman Rockwell depicted Cooper in his role as The Texan for the cover of The Saturday Evening Post on May 24, 1930."
}
] |
American actor Gary Cooper started in silent films but became famous with his first role in a talking picture The Texan.
| 0 | 1 |
Gary Cooper
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was from Saskatchewan, Canada."
}
] |
dKz9x6taY0MbLghNiTr8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s: Continued popularity",
"text": "2006 saw the release of Kenny G's eleventh studio album"
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "\"Kenny G's 1999 single \"What a Wonderful World\" was criticized for its overdubbing of Louis Armstrong's recording."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Some columnists suggested Kenny G's recording exposed more fans to real jazz, but the response to his recording tended to be negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "Kenny G's career started with a job as a sideman for Barry White's Love Unlimited Orchestra in 1973; he was 17 and still in high school."
},
{
"section_header": "Popularity in China",
"text": "\"The Moon Represents My Heart\" (月亮代表我的心).Since 1989, Kenny G's recording \"Going Home\" from the Kenny G Live album has become an unconventional mega-hit throughout China: It has become the unofficial national closing song for businesses such as food courts, outdoor markets, health clubs, shopping malls and train stations throughout the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s: Worldwide acclaim with Breathless, Miracles and The Moment",
"text": "G's second holiday album, Faith, is the best selling holiday album of 1999 in the United States selling 2 million units according to Nielsen/SoundScan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kenny G filed for divorce in August"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "At the end of the scene, Kenny G appears as a janitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kenny G now lives in Malibu, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was from Saskatchewan, Canada."
}
] |
Kenny G's mom was from Germany.
| 2 | 4 |
Kenny G
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyons won 20 or more games three times (in 1925, 1927, and 1930) and became a fan favorite in Chicago."
}
] |
dMFhno5cN0vlqpZJL7oM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "On August 21, 1926, Lyons no-hit the Boston Red Sox 6–0 at Fenway Park; the game took just 1 hour and 45 minutes to complete (Ted Lyons August 21, 1926 No-hitter Box Score)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons was at his crafty best in 1930, when he posted a 22–15 record and A.L.-leading totals of 29 complete games and 297⅔ innings for a team that finished 62–92."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyons won 20 or more games three times (in 1925, 1927, and 1930) and became a fan favorite in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons recorded his first two wins as a relief pitcher in a doubleheader on October 6, 1923, making him one of the first pitchers to perform the feat."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "New York Yankees manager Joe McCarthy said, \"If (Lyons had) pitched for the Yankees, he would have won over 400 games.\" Lyons was a better than average hitting pitcher in his 21-year major league career, posting a .233 batting average (364-for-1563) with 162 runs, 49 doubles, 9 triples, 5 home runs, 149 RBI and 73 bases on balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the franchise leader in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons made the most of his unusual scheduling, winning 52 of 82 decisions from 1939 until 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "He stopped pitching for good that season, having compiled a 260–230 record, 356 complete games, 1073 strikeouts and a 3.67 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in 21 MLB seasons, all with the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "In Lyons' 21 seasons with the Sox, they finished fifth or lower (in an eight-team league) 16 times, and never finished higher than third."
}
] |
Ted Lyon set a record for winning over 21 games in 1925, 1926 and 1928.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Lyons
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, which had been signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro)."
}
] |
dNML0bAn5DBVqq22SroB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Internal opposition to Andrássy's objectives",
"text": "This vigorous and exclusive instinct explains the historical phenomenon of an isolated group, small in numbers yet dominating a country inhabited by a majority of peoples of different races and conflicting aspirations, and playing a role in European affairs out of all proportions to its numerical importance or intellectual culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "Also, at the Congress of Berlin, \"Germany could not look for any advantage from the crisis\" that had occurred in the Balkans in 1875."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "From the Balkan point of view, unification of the peninsula needed both a Piedmont as a base and a corresponding France as a sponsor."
},
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "The ambassadors from the small Balkan territories whose fate was being decided were barely even allowed to attend the diplomatic meetings, which were between mainly the representatives of the great powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, which had been signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Medlicott, William Norton. Congress of Berlin and After (1963) Medlicott, W. N. \"Diplomatic Relations after the Congress of Berlin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Thus, the Berlin Congress sowed the seeds of further conflicts, including the Balkan Wars and (ultimately) the First World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Great powers in Balkans",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin was thus mainly a dispute among supposed allies of Bismarck and his German Empire, the arbiter of the discussion, would thus have to choose before the end of the congress which of their allies to support."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In Russia, the Congress of Berlin was considered to be a dismal failure."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "\"The Berlin Congress of 1878 and the Origins Of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro)."
}
] |
Congress of Berlin was an event were a group of multiple countries met to decide the ownership of the Balkan Peninsula.
| 0 | 0 |
Congress of Berlin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Leisure",
"text": "Much more than earlier periods, the Tang era was renowned for the time reserved for leisure activity, especially for those in the upper classes."
}
] |
dNpxuF7y4M4zkbPGOryA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like the previous Sui dynasty, the Tang dynasty maintained a civil-service system by recruiting scholar-officials through standardized examinations and recommendations to office."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Emperor Xuanzong's reign",
"text": "During the 44-year reign of Emperor Xuanzong, the Tang dynasty reached its height, a golden age with low economic inflation and a toned down lifestyle for the imperial court."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rebuilding and recovery",
"text": "The government monopoly on the production of salt, weakened after the An Lushan Rebellion, was placed under the Salt Commission, which became one of the most powerful state agencies, run by capable ministers chosen as specialists."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Seaports and maritime trade",
"text": "The Chinese engaged in large-scale production for overseas export by at least the time of the Tang."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Cuisine",
"text": "Cotton also came from India as a finished product from Bengal, although it was during the Tang that the Chinese began to grow and process cotton, and by the Yuan dynasty it became the prime textile fabric in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Science and technology | Alchemy, gas cylinders, and air conditioning",
"text": "During the Tang dynasty, a gazetteer of Sichuan province stated that at one of these 182 m (600 ft) '"
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy | Western and Northern regions",
"text": "Tang dynasty tomb figures|Tomb figure of mounted warrior similar to the one unearthed from the tomb of Crown Prince Li Chongrun."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Literature",
"text": "one of the more famous ones being Yingying's Biography by Yuan Zhen (779–831), which was widely circulated in his own time and by the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) became the basis for plays in Chinese opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Religion and philosophy",
"text": "one of the first men of the Tang to denounce Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Silk Road",
"text": "Despite the many expatriate European travelers coming into China to live and trade, many travelers, mainly religious monks and missionaries, recorded the strict border laws that the Chinese enforced."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Leisure",
"text": "Much more than earlier periods, the Tang era was renowned for the time reserved for leisure activity, especially for those in the upper classes."
}
] |
Citizens in the Tang Dynasty maintained a strict lifestyle, focused on discipline and productivity.
| 0 | 0 |
Tang Dynasty
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eddie Clarence Murray (born February 24, 1956), nicknamed \"Steady Eddie\", is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman and designated hitter."
}
] |
dNuZeeavRxivrMFS5uFP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball",
"text": "In 2008, Murray released a charity wine called Eddie Murray 504 Cabernet, a nod to his 504 career home runs, with all of his proceeds donated to the Baltimore Community Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eddie Clarence Murray (born February 24, 1956), nicknamed \"Steady Eddie\", is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman and designated hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Cleveland Indians (1994-1996)",
"text": "One of his hits was a single in the bottom of the 11th inning of Game 3 off of Alejandro Peña to score Álvaro Espinoza."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Last seasons (1996–1997)",
"text": "His last home run was with the Angels, hitting one off Bob Tewksbury in the second inning in a 4-3 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spending most of his MLB career with the Baltimore Orioles, he ranks fourth in team history in both games played and hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Murray played Little League baseball under coach Clifford Prelow, an ex-Dodger minor leaguer. (In his Hall of Fame induction speech, Murray thanked Prelow for teaching him not just the game of baseball, but love for the game as well.) Prelow remembers that young Murray was a well behaved player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Mets (1992–1993)",
"text": "This was the last time in his career that Murray hit the 100 RBI mark."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career",
"text": "Murray served as the hitting coach for the Cleveland Indians from 2002 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Murray was the eighth child of twelve and still has five sisters and four brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Cleveland Indians (1994-1996)",
"text": "Murray was signed as a free agent by the Cleveland Indians on December 2, 1993."
}
] |
Murray was often called "Big Boy" in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Eddie Murray
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Fiddler's original Broadway production in 1964 was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, and book, and Robbins"
}
] |
dOSSpIV8nUypBQf936Y5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fiddler held the record for the longest-running Broadway musical for almost 10 years until Grease surpassed its run."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Covers",
"text": "For example, in 1964, jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley recorded the album Fiddler on the Roof, which featured jazz arrangements of eight songs from the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "The original Broadway cast of the musical Avenue Q and the Broadway 2004 revival cast of Fiddler on the Roof collaborated for a Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS benefit and produced an approximately 10-minute-long show, \"Avenue Jew\", that incorporated characters from both shows, including puppets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original Broadway production of the show, which opened in 1964, had the first musical theatre run in history to surpass 3,000 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society published a musical theatre and album parody of Fiddler on the Roof called A Shoggoth on the Roof, which incorporates the works of H. P. Lovecraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Broadway revivals",
"text": "A second Broadway revival opened on July 9, 1981, and played for a limited run (53 performances) at Lincoln Center's New York State Theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in or around 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Fiddler's original Broadway production in 1964 was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, and book, and Robbins"
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "In 2001, Chicago's Improv Olympic produced a well-received parody, \"The Roof Is on Fiddler\", that used most of the original book of the musical but replaced the songs with 1980's pop songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Investors and some in the media worried that Fiddler on the Roof might be considered \"too Jewish\" to attract mainstream audiences."
}
] |
Fiddler on the Roof is a Broadway musical went 9 for 10 at the Tony's in 1964.
| 0 | 0 |
Fiddler on the Roof
|
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