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stringlengths 20
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stringclasses 2
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stringlengths 16
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int64 0
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| total_votes
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| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
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|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A group of Houston businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for William P. Hobby Airport (at the time known as Houston International Airport)."
}
] |
bZmoLZ1vLNy8BSUliKlM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IATA: IAH, ICAO: KIAH,"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 1997, Houston City Council unanimously voted to rename the airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston, after George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Ground transportation",
"text": "Super Shuttle uses shared vans to provide services from George Bush Intercontinental Airport to the surrounding communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport, originally named \"Houston Intercontinental Airport\", was later renamed after George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Located about 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston, between Interstate 45 and Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 with direct access to the Hardy Toll Road expressway, George Bush Intercontinental Airport has scheduled flights to a large number of domestic destinations, and is the second busiest airport in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A group of Houston businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for William P. Hobby Airport (at the time known as Houston International Airport)."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Ground transportation",
"text": "As of 2016 the Taiwanese airline EVA Air operates a shuttle bus service from Bush IAH to Richardson in the Dallas-Fort Worth area so Dallas-based customers may fly on its services to and from Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Ground transportation",
"text": "From Downtown Houston one can travel to George Bush Intercontinental by taking Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59 (Eastex Freeway) to Beltway 8 or to Will Clayton Parkway, and access the airport from either road."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Hobby remained open as a general aviation airport and was once again used for scheduled passenger airline jet service two years later when Southwest Airlines initiated intrastate airline service nonstop between Hobby and Dallas Love Field in 1971.Houston Intercontinental had been scheduled to open in 1967, but design changes regarding the terminals created cost overruns and construction delays."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name change took effect on May 2, 1997.On August 28, 1990, Continental Airlines agreed to build its maintenance center at George Bush Intercontinental Airport; Continental agreed to do so because the city of Houston agreed to provide city-owned land near the airport."
}
] |
George Bush Intercontinental Airport was bought in 1967 and was to replace another airport in Dallas, Texas.
| 0 | 1 |
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east."
}
] |
bbLENbgWuOcWpcNqlSBW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Structure and sectors",
"text": "Bansko, Pamporovo and Borovets are some of the locations most visited by tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Bulgaria occupies a portion of the eastern Balkan peninsula, bordering five countries—Greece and Turkey to the south, North Macedonia and Serbia to the west, and Romania to the north."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The longest river located solely in Bulgarian territory, the Iskar, has a length of 368 kilometres (229 mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The southern edge of the Danubian Plain slopes upward into the foothills of the Balkans, while the Danube defines the border with Romania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations and security",
"text": "In addition, it has a tripartite economic and diplomatic collaboration with Romania and Greece, good ties with China and Vietnam and a historical relationship with Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The 2016 harvest yielded 128 million litres of wine, of which 62 million was exported mainly to Romania, Poland and Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Infrastructure",
"text": "Rail links are available with Romania, Turkey, Greece, and Serbia, and express trains serve direct routes to Kiev, Minsk, Moscow and Saint Petersburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Infrastructure",
"text": "Internet penetration stood at 66.8% of the population aged 16–74 and 75.1% of households, in 2019.Bulgaria's strategic geographic location and well-developed energy sector make it a key European energy centre despite its lack of significant fossil fuel deposits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bulgaria ( (listen); Bulgarian: България, romanized: Balgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria ("
}
] |
Bulgaria is located in Romania.
| 0 | 0 |
Bulgaria
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives (August 3, 1845 – November 4, 1894), a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War, and his wife, Mary Elizabeth (Parmelee) Ives (January 2, 1849 or 1850 – January 25, 1929)."
}
] |
bbQdTVsQGDS7BpxncA9D
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ives continues to influence contemporary composers, arrangers and musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives (August 3, 1845 – November 4, 1894), a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War, and his wife, Mary Elizabeth (Parmelee) Ives (January 2, 1849 or 1850 – January 25, 1929)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "American microtonal musician and composer Johnny Reinhard reconstructed and performed Universe symphony in 1996.The Unanswered Ives –"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Planet Arts Records released Mists: Charles Ives for Jazz Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "He revised it in 1942–43 for World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "On November 4, 1894, his father died, a crushing blow to him, but to a large degree he continued the musical experimentation he had begun with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His father taught him and his brother (Joseph) Moss Ives music (February 5, 1876 – April 8, 1939), teaching harmony and counterpoint and guided his first compositions"
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "Roosevelt was chairman of a war bonds committee on which Ives served, and he \"scorned the idea of anything so useless as a $50 bond\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1899, Ives moved to employment with the insurance agency Charles H. Raymond & Co., where he stayed until 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His widow, who died in 1969 at age 92, bequeathed the royalties from his music to the American Academy of Arts and Letters for the Charles Ives Prize."
}
] |
Charles Ives was a musician and his father was in the Civil War.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Ives
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Operations | Regulation",
"text": "The airport has been criticised in recent years for overcrowding and delays; according to Heathrow Airport Holdings, Heathrow's facilities were originally designed to accommodate 55 million passengers annually."
}
] |
bbag0PChOA0ZsmBWpL99
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Regulation",
"text": "Until it was required to sell Gatwick and Stansted Airports, Heathrow Airport Holdings held a dominant position in the London aviation market and has been heavily regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) as to how much it can charge airlines to land."
},
{
"section_header": "Other facilities",
"text": "1 World Business Centre houses offices of Heathrow Airport Holdings, Heathrow Airport itself, and Scandinavian Airlines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heathrow Airport, originally called London Airport (until 1966) and now known as London Heathrow (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL), is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Regulation",
"text": "Heathrow Airport Holdings has also proposed building a third runway to the north of the airport, which would significantly increase traffic capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The airport was opened on 25 March 1946 as London Airport and was renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "The Mayor of London, then Boris Johnson, took the position that London needs more airport capacity, favouring the construction of an entirely new airport in the Thames Estuary rather than expanding Heathrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Regulation",
"text": "The airport has been criticised in recent years for overcrowding and delays; according to Heathrow Airport Holdings, Heathrow's facilities were originally designed to accommodate 55 million passengers annually."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Along with Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, Southend and London City, Heathrow is one of six airports with scheduled services serving the London area."
},
{
"section_header": "Terminals | Current terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "The building was demolished in 2010, along with the Queens Building which had housed airline company offices."
}
] |
Heathrow Airport in London is actually owned by a German holdings company.
| 0 | 1 |
Heathrow Airport
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education, marriage and early career",
"text": "Garfield later said of his childhood, \"I lament that I was born to poverty, and in this chaos of childhood, seventeen years passed before I caught any inspiration ... a precious 17 years when a boy with a father and some wealth might have become fixed in manly ways.\" At Geauga Academy, which he attended from 1848 to 1850, Garfield learned academic subjects for which he had not previously had time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was first elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th district."
}
] |
bckHgeWVLvgwCdnQXzL3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Election in 1862; Civil War years",
"text": "While serving in the Army in early 1862, Garfield was approached by friends about running for Congress from Ohio's newly redrawn"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was first elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th district."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Minority leader; Hayes administration",
"text": "The Republican governors of the three states certified that Hayes had won their states, to the outrage of Democrats, who had the state legislatures submit rival returns, and threatened to prevent the counting of the electoral vote—under the Constitution, Congress is the final arbiter of the election."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Minority leader; Hayes administration",
"text": "If Hayes won all three states, he would take the election by a single electoral vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Chief of staff for Rosecrans",
"text": "Rosecrans had a voracious appetite for conversation, especially when unable to sleep; in Garfield, he found \"the first well read person in the Army\" and the ideal candidate for discussions that ran deep into the night."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Election in 1862; Civil War years",
"text": "Garfield voted with the Radical Republicans in passing the Wade–Davis Bill, designed to give Congress more authority over Reconstruction, but it was defeated by Lincoln's pocket veto."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Election in 1862; Civil War years",
"text": "He was worried that he and other state-appointed generals would get obscure assignments, and running for Congress would allow him to resume his political career."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Election in 1862; Civil War years",
"text": "In October, he defeated D.B. Woods by a two-to-one margin in the general election for a seat in the 38th Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Election in 1862; Civil War years",
"text": "Garfield felt Congress was obliged \"to determine what legislation is necessary to secure equal justice to all loyal persons, without regard to color.\" He was more supportive of Lincoln when Lincoln took action against slavery."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Minority leader; Hayes administration",
"text": "Garfield had hoped to retire from politics after his term expired to devote himself full-time to the practice of law, but to help his party, he sought re-election, and won it easily that October."
},
{
"section_header": "Education, marriage and early career",
"text": "Garfield later said of his childhood, \"I lament that I was born to poverty, and in this chaos of childhood, seventeen years passed before I caught any inspiration ... a precious 17 years when a boy with a father and some wealth might have become fixed in manly ways.\" At Geauga Academy, which he attended from 1848 to 1850, Garfield learned academic subjects for which he had not previously had time."
}
] |
Garfield ran for Congress and won in 1862.
| 0 | 1 |
James A. Garfield
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto [dʒoˈvanni kaˈbɔːto]; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was an Italian navigator and explorer."
}
] |
bcmoxVNO84YfhC5GrGgT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "Plaques in English, French and Italian commemorate the historic voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "John Cabot Academy is an independent school in Bristol, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "John Cabot Catholic Secondary School in Mississauga, Ontario"
},
{
"section_header": "Name and origins",
"text": "Cabot is known today as Giovanni Caboto in Italian, as Zuan Chabotto in Venetian, and as John Cabot in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Zuan Cabotto\" (i.e. John Cabot) is mentioned in a variety of Venetian records of the late 1480s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While in Valencia, \"John Cabot Montecalunya\" (as he is referred to in local documents) proposed plans for improvements to the harbour."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Final voyage",
"text": "These appear to place John Cabot in London by May 1500, albeit Jones and Condon have yet to publish their documentation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "John Cabot University is a United States-affiliated university established in 1972 in Rome, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and origins",
"text": "In Venice Cabot signed his names as \"Zuan Chabotto\", Zuan being a form of John typical to Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto [dʒoˈvanni kaˈbɔːto]; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was an Italian navigator and explorer."
}
] |
John Cabot was a French traveler.
| 1 | 7 |
John Cabot
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timothy John Keefe (January 1, 1857 – April 23, 1933), nicknamed \"Smiling Tim\" and \"Sir Timothy\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."
}
] |
bcwClj9DBHMgKbeSdU2M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe was nicknamed \"Sir Timothy\" because of his gentlemanly behavior on and off the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timothy John Keefe (January 1, 1857 – April 23, 1933), nicknamed \"Smiling Tim\" and \"Sir Timothy\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe and Becannon manufactured the Keefe ball, the official baseball of the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "\"Keefe moved to the Philadelphia Phillies after his release from the Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Keefe was born on January 1, 1857 in Cambridge, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe entered the major leagues in 1880 with the Troy Trojans."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe went 32–13 with a 1.58 ERA and 227 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "During the 1891 season, Keefe was released by New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Beginning in the spring of 1893, Keefe began to work as a pitching coach for Harvard."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe even designed the famous all-black \"funeral\" uniforms the Giants wore that season."
}
] |
Keefe had 2 nicknames that he was referred to as.
| 2 | 3 |
Tim Keefe
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed \"Knucksie\", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
bd94ClA9zlDkMSBM8Uta
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | New York Yankees (1984-1985)",
"text": "This record stood for nearly 25 years before Jamie Moyer (47 years, 170 days) bested the feat in May 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1970-1979",
"text": "In 1974, Niekro led the league in several pitching categories, including wins (20), complete games (18), and innings pitched (302.1)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "The Braves went to the playoffs, where Niekro was 0-1 with four earned runs allowed in an eight-inning appearance against the New York Mets."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1980-1983",
"text": "He pitched six innings of Game Two and left with a 3–2 lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "Niekro debuted with the Milwaukee Braves in 1964, working 15 major league innings and spending time with the team's class AAA minor league affiliate."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "His total of 5,404⅓ innings pitched is the most by any pitcher in the post-1920 live-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1970-1979",
"text": "From 1975-1976, he went 15-15 and 17-11 respectively while making a second All-Star appearance in 1975.Between 1977 and 1979, Niekro was the league leader in complete games, innings pitched and batters faced."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "On September 27, he made his final start of his career, going 3 innings and surrendering 5 runs in the no-decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "He stayed with the major league team all year in 1965, appearing in 74 2⁄3 innings in 41 games and recording six saves."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "Niekro retired at the end of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed \"Knucksie\", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
Niekro passed away in 2010.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Niekro
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Lincoln administration | Relationship with Lincoln",
"text": "Seward had mixed feelings about the man who had blocked him from the presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Lincoln administration | Relationship with Lincoln",
"text": "The President is the best of us, but he needs constant and assiduous cooperation.\" According to Goodwin, \"Seward would become his most faithful ally in the cabinet ... Seward's mortification at not having received his party's nomination never fully abated, but he no longer felt compelled to belittle Lincoln to ease his pain."
}
] |
bdgMqfWFamh0yt5xxIzc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Temple, William H. \"William H. Seward: Secretary of State March 5, 1861, to March 4, 1869 \" in Samuel Flagg Bemis, ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "pp 3–115. pp 3–115. Valone, Stephen J. (Fall 1995). \" \"Weakness offers temptation\": William H. Seward and the reassertion of the Monroe Doctrine\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Out of office",
"text": "Seward, having long been an advocate of prison reform and better treatment for the insane, sought to prevent each man from being executed by using the relatively new defense of insanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Lincoln, of course, will always overshadow Seward."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | First term",
"text": "Another time she wrote, \"A man by the name of William Johnson will apply to you for assistance to purchase the freedom of his daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of New York",
"text": "In one, Seward expounded upon the importance of the log cabin—a structure evoking the common man and a theme that the Whigs used heavily in Harrison's campaign—where Seward had always found a far warmer welcome than in the marble palaces of the well-to-do (evoking Van Buren)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Seward: Lincoln's Indispensable Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Lincoln administration | Relationship with Lincoln",
"text": "Seward had mixed feelings about the man who had blocked him from the presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Out of office",
"text": "Hold him then to be a Man. \"Although"
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Lincoln administration | Relationship with Lincoln",
"text": "Seward wrote to his wife in June 1861, \"Executive skill and vigor are rare qualities."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Lincoln administration | Relationship with Lincoln",
"text": "The President is the best of us, but he needs constant and assiduous cooperation.\" According to Goodwin, \"Seward would become his most faithful ally in the cabinet ... Seward's mortification at not having received his party's nomination never fully abated, but he no longer felt compelled to belittle Lincoln to ease his pain."
}
] |
William H. Seward always hated the man that was made chief executive instead of him.
| 0 | 0 |
William H. Seward
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company is based in San Francisco and has operations in over 785 metropolitan areas worldwide."
}
] |
bdqX6Zv5Hgn23vFvgG3x
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Alleged short-changing of drivers",
"text": "In May 2017, after the New York Taxi Workers Alliance (NYTWA) filed a class action lawsuit in federal court in New York, Uber admitted to underpaying New York City drivers tens of millions of dollars over 2.5 years by calculating driver commissions on a net amount."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Driver criticism of compensation",
"text": "As a result, in some jurisdictions, such as New York City, drivers are guaranteed a minimum wage."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Stakeholders | Drivers",
"text": "have a partnership to provide leasing of electric cars to Uber drivers in Chicago and New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Increased traffic congestion",
"text": "Ridesharing companies have been criticized for increasing traffic congestion in New York City and San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Evasion of law enforcement operations | Greyball",
"text": "Investigative journalism by The New York Times and the resulting report, published on March 3, 2017, made public Uber's use of Greyball since 2014, describing it as a way to evade city code enforcement officials in Portland, Oregon, Australia, South Korea, and China."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Offered",
"text": "Upper-class vehicles are marketed under the names Premier (India), Premium (New York City suburbs but not in the city itself), Exec (London, Berlin?) Lux (Miami, Houston, Los Angeles' New York City its self not suburbs) Select offers a car with leather seats and a few other premium features but cheaper than Black or the Upper class options."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Criticism by the taxi industry",
"text": "In New York City, use of ridesharing companies has reduced the value of taxi medallions, transferable permits or licenses authorizing the holder to pick up passengers for hire."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Criticism for collecting fares during a taxi strike",
"text": "The Order had triggered a taxi strike in New York City, to which Uber responded by removing surge pricing from JFK airport, where Muslim refugees had been detained upon entry."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Criticism for collecting fares during a taxi strike",
"text": "In late January 2017, Uber was targeted by GrabYourWallet for collecting fares during a taxi strike in New York City in protest of Trump travel ban Executive Order 13769."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Evasion of law enforcement operations | Ripley",
"text": "After a police raid in Uber's Brussels office, a January 2018 report by Bloomberg News stated that \"Uber routinely used Ripley to thwart police raids in foreign countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company is based in San Francisco and has operations in over 785 metropolitan areas worldwide."
}
] |
Uber's headquarters are in New York.
| 0 | 0 |
Uber
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spartan women also enjoyed considerably more rights and equality with men than elsewhere in classical antiquity."
}
] |
beMIIG19tTSnFTEfQYiv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "The laws regarding a divorce were the same for both men and women."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Historic women",
"text": "Plutarch's Moralia contains a collection of \"Sayings of Spartan Women\", including a laconic quip attributed to Gorgo: when asked by a woman from Attica why Spartan women were the only women in the world who could rule men, she replied \"Because we are the only women who are mothers of men\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spartan women also enjoyed considerably more rights and equality with men than elsewhere in classical antiquity."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "Girls as well as boys exercised, possibly in the nude, and young women as well as young men may have participated in the Gymnopaedia (\"Festival of Nude Youths\").Another practice that was mentioned by many visitors to Sparta was the practice of “wife-sharing”."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "In accordance with the Spartan belief that breeding should be between the most physically fit parents, many older men allowed younger, more fit men, to impregnate their wives."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "Spartan women, better fed from childhood and fit from exercise, stood a far better chance of reaching old age than their sisters in other Greek cities, where the median age for death was 34.6 years or roughly 10 years below that of men."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "Other unmarried or childless men might even request another man's wife to bear his children if she had previously been a strong child bearer."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "The Spartan population was hard to maintain due to the constant absence and loss of the men in battle and the intense physical inspection of newborns."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "It is estimated that in later Classical Sparta, when the male population was in serious decline, women were the sole owners of at least 35% of all land and property in Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of women | Political, social, and economic equality",
"text": "For this reason many considered Spartan women polygamous or polyandrous."
}
] |
Women in Sparta were not equal to men.
| 0 | 0 |
Sparta
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”."
}
] |
beR5LRRDtZZWt4jDG3Uq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nevertheless, it was in his day that the disaster took place while these others, who were filled with all vices, lived and died in felicity — as the world sees it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In matters of science, Clement VII is best known for personally approving, in 1533, Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun—99 years before Galileo Galilei’s heresy trial for similar ideas."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months | Illness and death",
"text": "He died on 25 September 1534, having lived 56 years and four months, and having reigned for 10 years, 10 months, and 7 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1492, when Lorenzo the Magnificent died and Giovanni de' Medici assumed his duties as a cardinal, Giulio became more involved in Church affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Each time Piero the Unfortunate bailed them out."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months",
"text": "In September 1533 the Pope set out for France to solemnize the marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Clement VII (Italian: Papa Clemente VII; Latin: Clemens VII) (26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "So Lorenzo the Magnificent helped him carve out a career as a soldier."
}
] |
Giulio di Giuliano de'Medici was known also as Pope Clement VII and his parents out lived him.
| 1 | 3 |
Pope Clement VII
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Enemy of the People (original Norwegian title: En folkefiende) is an 1882 play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
}
] |
betNUkzWiu8DPhRgJKkm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Arabic: Enemy of the people or A Public Enemy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Therefore, An Enemy of the People tells the story of a man who dares to speak an unpalatable truth, and is punished for it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ibsen wrote to his publisher: \"I am still uncertain as to whether I should call [An Enemy of the People] a comedy or a straight drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "As Stockmann states in his excited harangue to his political enemies: Truths are by no means the wiry Methuselahs some people think them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Enemy of the People (original Norwegian title: En folkefiende) is an 1882 play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2007 Ouriel Zohar creates his troupe Compagnie Ouriel Zohar with An Enemy of the People in Paris, an adaptation for two actors only."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot overview | Act IV",
"text": "By the end of the meeting the audience has rebelled, repeatedly shouting, \"He is an enemy of the people!\" Dr. Stockmann tells his father-in-law, Kiil, that it is his tannery that is leaking most of the poisons into the baths."
},
{
"section_header": "Censored in Mainland China",
"text": "\"An Enemy of the People\", produced by Berlin's Schaubühne theater, was performed in Beijing from September 6 to September 8, 2018, but the subsequent touring of the show was cancelled due to its themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "First performance in Paris, then Fréjus, Besançon in 2008, Liège Belgium Minsk Belarus Valleyfield in Canada 2009, Porto Heli in Greece in 2010.An Enemy of the People (with the subtitle"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "For example, in Ibsen's original, a portion of Dr. Stockmann's speech to the people contained: The masses are nothing but the raw material that must be fashioned into the people."
}
] |
An Enemy of the People is a novel by a German writer.
| 0 | 0 |
An Enemy of the People
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He is also a collector of tractors and vintage cars."
}
] |
bf3TMNPyLc8XFzKxhgJE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Postseason performance",
"text": "Mussina collected an overall 7–8 record and 3.40 ERA, with 142 strikeouts in 22 career postseason games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1992–1995",
"text": "chanting \"We Want Mike\" and booing Gaston very loudly, as the popular slogan \"Cito Sucks\" was born in Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "While in the past he was known for painting the outside corner of the plate with a mid-90s four-seam fastball, he began to work on both sides of the plate with his diminished upper-80s fastball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mussina is of Slavic descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mussina was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "Mussina would later finish second to"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2005–2008",
"text": "The '07 season for Mussina and Mets' pitcher"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mussina married Jana McKissick in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2000",
"text": "Mussina also won his 1st Gold Glove that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees | 2001–2004",
"text": "Mussina finished the 2001 season with a 17–11 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He is also a collector of tractors and vintage cars."
}
] |
Mike Mussina had a collection of painted model trucks.
| 0 | 0 |
Mike Mussina
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Leading lawyer",
"text": "Webster continued to practice law while serving in the House of Representatives, and he argued his first case before the Supreme Court of the United States in early 1814."
}
] |
bfD5tZQlj9wzOqWXYXB6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Leading lawyer",
"text": "He had been highly regarded in New Hampshire since his days in Boscawen, and was respected for his service in the House of Representatives, but he came to national prominence as counsel in a number of important Supreme Court cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | First stint in the House, 1813-1817",
"text": "He was appointed to a steering committee that coordinated Federalist actions in the House of Representatives and, by the end of the Thirteenth Congress, he had emerged as a respected speaker on the House floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Leading lawyer",
"text": "Webster continued to practice law while serving in the House of Representatives, and he argued his first case before the Supreme Court of the United States in early 1814."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | First stint in the House, 1813-1817",
"text": "In 1816, he declined to seek another term in the House of Representatives, instead establishing a new residence in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Second stint in the House, 1823–1827",
"text": "While some Federalists gravitated to Jackson's camp, Webster became the leader of the pro-administration forces in the House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Second stint in the House, 1823–1827",
"text": "At the behest of Federalist leaders and the business elite in Boston, Webster agreed to run for the United States House of Representatives in 1822."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Second stint in the House, 1823–1827",
"text": "As no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, the 1824 election was decided in a contingent election held by the House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman and constitutional lawyer | First stint in the House, 1813-1817",
"text": "By May 1813, when he arrived in the House of Representatives for the first time, the United States had seen numerous setbacks in the War of 1812."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to prominence",
"text": "Though Madison won re-election in the 1812 presidential election, the Federalist-backed presidential candidate won New England, and Federalists swept the New Hampshire elections for the House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He emerged as a prominent opponent of the War of 1812 and won election to the United States House of Representatives, where he served as a leader of the Federalist Party."
}
] |
Webster quit law while serving in the House of Representatives and had been highly regarded in New Hampshire since his days in Boscawen, and was respected for his service in the House of Representatives.
| 0 | 0 |
Daniel Webster
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers and is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history."
}
] |
bfysmdVAce7kcCMiZQz7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "Although he was a feared power hitter from either side of the plate and hit more home runs batting left-handed than right, Mantle considered himself a better right-handed hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "left-handed much more often, as the large majority of pitchers are right-handed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Mantle batted left-handed against his father when his father pitched to him right-handed, and he batted right-handed against his grandfather, Charles Mantle, when his grandfather pitched to him left-handed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers and is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "right-handed to .281 left. His 372 to 164 home run disparity was due to Mantle having batted"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He batted left-handed hitting while Paul Simon pitches left-handed."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "On September 10, 1960, he hit a ball left-handed that cleared the right-field roof at Tiger Stadium in Detroit and, based on where it was found, was estimated years later by historian Mark Gallagher to have traveled 643 feet (196 m)."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "In spite of short foul pole dimension of 296 feet (90 m) to left and 301 feet (92 m) to right in original Yankee Stadium, Mantle gained no advantage there as his stroke both left and right-handed drove balls there to power alleys of 344' to 407' and 402' to 457' feet (139 m) from the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "Another Mantle homer, hit right-handed off Chuck Stobbs at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C. on April 17, 1953, was measured by Yankees traveling secretary Red Patterson (hence the term \"tape-measure home run\") to have traveled 565 feet (172 m)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle played his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career (1951–1968) with the New York Yankees as a center fielder, right fielder, and first baseman."
}
] |
Many people say that Mickey Mantle was the greatest MLB hitter that could hit right and left handed.
| 0 | 2 |
Mickey Mantle
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Carter coached baseball at the college and minor-league level."
}
] |
bg5I3k0ydJLjNqJ9K11P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gary Edmund Carter (April 8, 1954 – February 16, 2012) was an American professional baseball catcher whose 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career was spent primarily with the Montreal Expos and New York Mets."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also played American Legion Baseball, and was named the 1981 American Legion Graduate of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Hall of Fame",
"text": "In his sixth attempt on the Baseball Hall of Fame ballot, Gary Carter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame along with Eddie Murray on January 7, 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Carter coached baseball at the college and minor-league level."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Illness and death",
"text": "Tom Verducci, longtime Sports Illustrated baseball writer, reminisced about Carter following his death, \"I cannot conjure a single image of Gary Carter with anything but a smile on his face."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Illness and death",
"text": "Carter died on February 16, 2012, at the age of 57."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Carter was drafted by the Montreal Expos as a shortstop in the third round of the 1972 Major League Baseball draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Coaching",
"text": "For the following season Carter was named manager of the Long Island Ducks of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Hall of Fame",
"text": "In 2001, Carter was elected into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame along with Dave McKay, and his number eight was retired by the Expos."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Coaching",
"text": "In October 2009, Carter was named head baseball coach for the NCAA Division II Palm Beach Atlantic University Sailfish."
}
] |
American baseball player Gary Edmund Carter died at the height of his baseball career.
| 0 | 0 |
Gary Carter
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "The cause of his death was officially diagnosed as typhoid fever, though other theories have been proposed, including the tertiary stage of syphilis."
}
] |
bgAv0bEaEy2UPOVZeFub
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Franz Peter Schubert (German: [ˈfʁant͡s ˈpeːtɐ ˈʃuːbɐt]; 31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Of Franz Theodor and Elisabeth's fourteen children (one of them illegitimate, born in 1783), nine died in infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "Some of his symptoms matched those of mercury poisoning (mercury was then a common treatment for syphilis, again suggesting that Schubert suffered from it)."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "\" Some prominent musicians share a similar view, including the pianist Radu Lupu, who said: \"[Schubert] is the composer for whom I am really most sorry that he died so young. ... Just before he died, when he wrote his beautiful two-cello String Quintet in C, he said very modestly that he was trying to learn a little more about counterpoint, and he was perfectly right."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Soon after, Schubert was given his first lessons outside the family by Michael Holzer, organist and choirmaster of the local parish church in Lichtental."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "The New York Times' chief music critic Anthony Tommasini, who ranked Schubert as the fourth greatest composer, wrote of him:You have to love the guy, who died at 31, ill, impoverished and neglected except by a circle of friends who were in awe of his genius."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Although it is not exactly known when Schubert received his first musical instruction, he was given piano lessons by his brother Ignaz, but they lasted for a very short time as Schubert excelled him within a few months."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "Schubert died in Vienna, aged 31, on 19 November 1828, at the apartment of his brother Ferdinand."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms and other 19th-century composers discovered and championed his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "In 1872, a memorial to Franz Schubert was erected in Vienna's Stadtpark."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "The cause of his death was officially diagnosed as typhoid fever, though other theories have been proposed, including the tertiary stage of syphilis."
}
] |
Franz Schubert was an Austrian composer that died from medicine poisoning that was given to him so he could treat an STD.
| 2 | 4 |
Franz Schubert
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "She toured with The Cheetah Girls as Hannah Montana in September 2006, performing songs from the show's first season."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old."
}
] |
bgETU1ZaW6RXJsc7Kpm1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "really to introduce people to what I want my next record to sound like and"
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Happy Hippie Foundation",
"text": "She said she wanted to bring attention and celebrate people who wouldn't normally find themselves being the stars of a photoshoot or wouldn't find themselves on the cover of a magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2013, Cyrus was named the fourteenth most charitable celebrity of the year by Do Something."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2012: Can't Be Tamed and focus on acting",
"text": "2010 ended with her ranked number thirteen on Forbes Celebrity 100 list."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "A Time for Heroes celebrity picnic and donated several items including autographed merchandise, and a script from Hannah Montana for the Ronald McDonald House Auction."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "Cyrus celebrated her sixteenth birthday at Disneyland by delivering a $1 million donation from Disney to Youth Service America."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: She Is Miley Cyrus",
"text": "Miley Cyrus won a 2020 Webby Special Achievement Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "way?\"Cyrus was placed at number seventeen on Forbes' list of the most powerful celebrities in 2014, with the magazine noting that \"The last time she made our list was when she was still rolling in Hannah Montana money."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "She released the two-disc album Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus in June 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Happy Hippie Foundation",
"text": "It was aimed at encouraging diversity and tolerance by showing these people in a positive light as examples for others who might be struggling to figure themselves out, as well as a reference point for people who didn't know personally anyone in that situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "She toured with The Cheetah Girls as Hannah Montana in September 2006, performing songs from the show's first season."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old."
}
] |
Miley Cyrus is Hannah Montana, who is a fictional character played by Miley Cyrus whose entire gimmick is that she doesn't want people to know she's really just unimportant celebrity Miley Cyrus, so that they won't pile on adoration and other real celebrity problems. Really, this concept would have worked better if she wasn't a celebrity to start with, because as it is, it's ridiculous and contrived.
| 1 | 5 |
Miley Cyrus
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Youth and amateur career",
"text": "He earned a full baseball scholarship to the University of Minnesota in 1969, where he starred in baseball and basketball for the Minnesota Golden Gophers."
}
] |
bgiiKFV2JVD6O7qLGERa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Youth and amateur career",
"text": "Though he never played college football, the Minnesota Vikings selected Winfield in the 17th round of the NFL draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Youth and amateur career",
"text": "He is one of six players ever to be drafted by three professional sports (the others being George Carter, Jo Jo White, Noel Jenke, Mickey McCarty and Dave Logan) and one of three athletes along with Carter and McCarty to be drafted by four leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | San Diego Padres: 1973–1980",
"text": "He played one more season with the Padres before becoming a free agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Honors and awards",
"text": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game, played at Petco Park in San Diego, was dedicated to Winfield."
},
{
"section_header": "The David M. Winfield Foundation",
"text": "He funded The Dave Winfield Nutrition Center at Hackensack University Medical Center near his Teaneck, New Jersey home."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees: 1981–1990",
"text": "On August 4, 1983, Winfield killed a seagull by throwing a ball while warming up before the fifth inning of a game at Toronto's Exhibition Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Life since retirement",
"text": "Each major league team drafted one player from the Negro Leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 1992: World Series champion Toronto Blue Jays",
"text": "In Game 6 of the World Series, he became \"Mr. Jay\" as he delivered the game-winning two-run double in the 11th inning off Atlanta's Charlie Leibrandt to win the World Series Championship for Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Youth and amateur career",
"text": "The Winfield brothers honed their athletic skills in St. Paul's Oxford playground, where coach Bill Peterson was one of the first to notice Winfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Youth and amateur career",
"text": "He earned a full baseball scholarship to the University of Minnesota in 1969, where he starred in baseball and basketball for the Minnesota Golden Gophers."
}
] |
Dave decided on a career in football but was strongly tempted to play baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Dave Winfield
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Ralph Morgan was married to Georgiana Louise Iverson, who as a stage actress was known as Grace Arnold, although he called her \"Daisy\" and was the father of Claudia Morgan (born Claudia Louise Wuppermann; 1911–1974), an actress best known for creating the role of Vera Claythorne on Broadway in the original production of Ten Little Indians, and for her portrayal of Nora Charles on the radio series The Thin Man."
}
] |
bhEZntGfLcbo8CNyyxMS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He had made a fortune by distributing Angostura bitters, allowing him to send all of his children to universities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raphael Kuhner Wuppermann (July 6, 1883 – June 11, 1956), known professionally as Ralph Morgan, was a Hollywood stage and film character actor, and the older brother of Frank Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Ralph Morgan was married to Georgiana Louise Iverson, who as a stage actress was known as Grace Arnold, although he called her \"Daisy\" and was the father of Claudia Morgan (born Claudia Louise Wuppermann; 1911–1974), an actress best known for creating the role of Vera Claythorne on Broadway in the original production of Ten Little Indians, and for her portrayal of Nora Charles on the radio series The Thin Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His career would eventually overshadow that of Ralph."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan became so successful in stock and on Broadway that his younger brother, Frank, was encouraged to give acting a try, using the same surname as Ralph for his stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, after almost two years' practicing, he abandoned the world of jurisprudence for the vocation of journeyman actor, having already appeared in Columbia's annual Varsity Show."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Among his off-camera activities, he, alongside Grant Mitchell, Berton Churchill, Charles Miller, Alden Gay, and Kenneth Thomson, formed the Screen Actors Guild to resolve and stop most of the injustice that actors faced within the industry (among which, were prolonged work hours enforced by the studios and the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences' membership policy, which was exclusively by invitation).He was also a founder, charter member, and the first president of SAG in 1933, and he was elected to two additional one-year terms in 1938 and 1939, serving until 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Morgan died on June 11, 1956, of a lung ailment."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Morgan has a star in the Motion Pictures section of the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1617 Vine Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan attended Trinity School, Riverview Military Academy and graduated from Columbia University with a law degree."
}
] |
American actor Ralph Morgan married the heiress of a fortune from selling bitters.
| 0 | 0 |
Ralph Morgan
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Exemptions",
"text": "The Supreme Court ruled in the 1922 case Federal Baseball Club v. National League that Major League Baseball was not \"interstate commerce\" and thus was not subject to federal antitrust law."
}
] |
bhfI1Xa2Z26dCOggJIhs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Exemptions",
"text": "An important difference between the Clayton Act and its predecessor, the Sherman Act, is that the Clayton Act contained safe harbors for union activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Since the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, courts in the United States had interpreted the law on cartels as applying against trade unions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "730, enacted October 15, 1914, codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 12–27, 29 U.S.C. §§ 52–53), was a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency."
},
{
"section_header": "Exemptions",
"text": "Injunctions could be used to settle labor disputes only when property damage was threatened."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents",
"text": "In those sections, the Act thoroughly discusses the following four principles of economic trade and business: price discrimination between different purchasers if such a discrimination substantially lessens competition or tends to create a monopoly in any line of commerce (Act Section 2, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 13); sales on the condition that (A) the buyer or lessee not deal with the competitors of the seller or lessor (\"exclusive dealings\") or (B) the buyer also purchase another different product (\"tying\") but only when these acts substantially lessen competition (Act Section 3, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 14); In those sections, the Act thoroughly discusses the following four principles of economic trade and business: price discrimination between different purchasers if such a discrimination substantially lessens competition or tends to create a monopoly in any line of commerce (Act Section 2, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 13); sales on the condition that (A) the buyer or lessee not deal with the competitors of the seller or lessor (\"exclusive dealings\") or (B) the buyer also purchase another different product (\"tying\") but only when these acts substantially lessen competition (Act Section 3, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 14); mergers and acquisitions where the effect may substantially lessen competition (Act Section 7, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 18) or where the voting securities and assets threshold is met (Act Section 7a, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 18a); any person from being a director of two or more competing corporations, if those corporations would violate the antitrust criteria by merging ("
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Other",
"text": "Under the 'rule of reason', the conduct is only illegal, and the plaintiff can only prevail, upon proving to the court that the defendants are doing substantial economic harm."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (Pub.L. 63–212, 38 Stat."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents",
"text": "The Clayton Act made both substantive and procedural modifications to federal antitrust law."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Pre-merger notification",
"text": "Section 7a, 15 U.S.C. § 18a, requires that companies notify the Federal Trade Commission and the Assistant Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division of any contemplated mergers and acquisitions that meet or exceed certain thresholds."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Sherman Act had also triggered the largest wave of mergers in US history, as businesses realized that instead of creating a cartel they could simply fuse into a single corporation, and have all the benefits of market power that a cartel could bring."
},
{
"section_header": "Exemptions",
"text": "The Supreme Court ruled in the 1922 case Federal Baseball Club v. National League that Major League Baseball was not \"interstate commerce\" and thus was not subject to federal antitrust law."
}
] |
The Clayton Antitrust act has been used on many different sports associations due to their doing business in multiple states.
| 0 | 4 |
Clayton Antitrust Act
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Grammy Awards",
"text": "1980: Best Rock Instrumental Performance for \"Reggatta de Blanc\" 1981: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for \"Don't Stand So Close to Me\" 1981: Best Rock Instrumental Performance for \"Behind My Camel\" 1983: Song of the Year for \"Every Breath You Take\" 1983: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for \"Every Breath You Take\" 1983: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for Synchronicity II"
}
] |
biUGiK5xY2IWmXhiL21A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame",
"text": "The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Grammy Awards",
"text": "1980: Best Rock Instrumental Performance for \"Reggatta de Blanc\" 1981: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for \"Don't Stand So Close to Me\" 1981: Best Rock Instrumental Performance for \"Behind My Camel\" 1983: Song of the Year for \"Every Breath You Take\" 1983: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for \"Every Breath You Take\" 1983: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for Synchronicity II"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "\" Every Breath You Take\" also won the Grammy for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, while \"Synchronicity II\" won the Grammy for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. \" Every Breath You Take\" also won the American Video Award for Best Group video, and the song won two Ivor Novello Awards in the categories Best Song"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1986–2006: Disbandment",
"text": "On 10 March 2003, the Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and performed \"Roxanne\", \"Message in a Bottle\", and \"Every Breath You Take\" live, as a group (the last song was performed alongside Steven Tyler, Gwen Stefani, and John Mayer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2003, the Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2003, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1981: Zenyatta Mondatta",
"text": "The instrumental \"Behind My Camel\", written by Andy Summers, won the band a Grammy for Best Rock Instrumental Performance, while \"Don't Stand So Close to Me\" won the Grammy for Best Rock Vocal Performance for Duo or Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979: Reggatta de Blanc",
"text": "The instrumental title track \"Reggatta de Blanc\" won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "\" Every Breath You Take\" won the Grammy for Song of the Year, beating Jackson's \"Billie Jean\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "In 1983, the Police released their last studio album, Synchronicity, which spawned the hit singles \" Every Breath You Take\", \"Wrapped Around Your Finger\", \"King of Pain\", and \"Synchronicity II\"."
}
] |
The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003 after multiple Grammy Awards like Song of the Year for "Every Breath You Take", or 1983: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for Synchronicity II.
| 0 | 0 |
The Police
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928",
"text": "It subsequently went on to be his most popular work, and established Gershwin's signature style and genius in blending vastly different musical styles in revolutionary ways."
}
] |
binwBtuDS3G4yqCxhJl2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Gershwin (; born Jacob Bruskin Gershowitz, September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928",
"text": "It subsequently went on to be his most popular work, and established Gershwin's signature style and genius in blending vastly different musical styles in revolutionary ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928",
"text": "In 1924, Gershwin composed his first major classical work, Rhapsody in Blue, for orchestra and piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Until his death in 1918, Hambitzer remained Gershwin's musical mentor, taught him conventional piano technique, introduced him to music of the European classical tradition, and encouraged him to attend orchestral concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "A third account of Gershwin's musical relationship with his teacher was written by Gershwin's close friend Vernon Duke, also a Schillinger student, in an article for the Musical Quarterly in 1947.What set Gershwin apart"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928",
"text": "In the mid-1920s, Gershwin stayed in Paris for a short period of time, during which he applied to study composition with the noted Nadia Boulanger, who, along with several other prospective tutors such as Maurice Ravel, turned him down, afraid that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "I have heard of George Gershwin's works and I find them intriguing."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Tin Pan Alley and Broadway, 1913–1923",
"text": "Daly was a frequent arranger, orchestrator and conductor of Gershwin's music, and Gershwin periodically turned to him for musical advice."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings and film",
"text": "Gershwin's role in the recording was rather limited, particularly because Shilkret was conducting and had his own ideas about the music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928",
"text": "In 1924, George and Ira Gershwin collaborated on a stage musical comedy Lady Be Good, which included such future standards as \"Fascinating Rhythm\" and \"Oh, Lady Be Good!\"."
}
] |
Gershwin's music spanned classic and contemporary genres.
| 1 | 4 |
George Gershwin
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Regarding his early musical inspirations, Seger has stated, \"Little Richard – he was the first one that really got to me."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Little Richard and, of course, Elvis Presley.\" \"Come Go with Me\" by The Del-Vikings, a hit in 1957, was the first record he bought."
}
] |
bj5vbvZUDwC2PQpkuYJH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | The Silver Bullet Band",
"text": "It also included his late 1960s successful releases – \"Heavy Music\" and \"Ramblin' Gamblin' Man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | Solo",
"text": "Back in '72 featured the studio version of Seger's later live classic \"Turn the Page\"; \"Rosalie\", a song Seger wrote about CKLW music director Rosalie Trombley (and which was later recorded by Thin Lizzy); and \"I've Been Working\", a song originally by Van Morrison, a strong influence on Seger's musical development."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | The Decibels and The Town Criers",
"text": "Seger was also widely influenced by the music of The Beatles, once they hit American shores in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | The Bob Seger System",
"text": "The second single from The Bob Seger System was \"Ramblin' Gamblin' Man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | Doug Brown & The Omens",
"text": "Seger and Doug Brown were then approached by Punch and Leone to write a song for the Underdogs, another local band who recently had a hit with a song called \"Man in the Glass\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | The Bob Seger System",
"text": "Man\". Seger was unable to follow up this success."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years: 1988–present",
"text": "Named the Travelin' Man tour, it includes postponed dates from the 2017 tour as well as additional shows, and was scheduled to kick off on November 21 at the Van Andel Arena in Grand Rapids, MI."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | The Decibels and The Town Criers",
"text": "As well as being Seger's first original song, \"The Lonely One\" was Seger's first song to be played on the radio, airing only once on an Ann Arbor radio station."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | The Last Heard",
"text": "The song would stay in Seger's live act for many years to come."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional favorite and first national hit: 1961–1976 | The Silver Bullet Band",
"text": "Although it just missed the US Pop Top 40 – peaking at #43 – the song received strong airplay in a number of markets nationwide including Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Regarding his early musical inspirations, Seger has stated, \"Little Richard – he was the first one that really got to me."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Little Richard and, of course, Elvis Presley.\" \"Come Go with Me\" by The Del-Vikings, a hit in 1957, was the first record he bought."
}
] |
Bob Seger's earliest musical influences included the man who sang "Day-O, The Banana Boat" song.
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Seger
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "San Francisco is the 16th most populous city in the United States, and the fourth most populous in California, with 881,549 residents as of 2019."
}
] |
bjDlB5aFivnnXCMxlwPH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture and contemporary life",
"text": "Because of these characteristics, San Francisco is ranked the second \"most walkable\" city in the United States by Walkscore.com."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Cycling and walking",
"text": "In 2015, Walk Score ranked San Francisco the second-most walkable city in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "San Francisco is the 16th most populous city in the United States, and the fourth most populous in California, with 881,549 residents as of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education, households, and income",
"text": "Of all major cities in the United States, San Francisco has the second-highest percentage of residents with a college degree, behind only Seattle."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism and conventions",
"text": "In 2016, it attracted the fifth-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "San Francisco was ranked 8th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of March 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By 1890, San Francisco's population approached 300,000, making it the eighth-largest city in the United States at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States, with a per capita personal income of $130,696."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2019, it is the highest rated American city on world liveability rankings."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "As of 2017, San Francisco County was the 7th highest-income county in the United States (among 3,142), with a per capita personal income of $119,868."
}
] |
San Francisco ranks as the city with the sixteenth highest population in the United States.
| 1 | 4 |
San Francisco
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings."
}
] |
bk0AVpAPUZ6aeAaq1jVU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry \"Harry\" Wright (January 10, 1835 – October 3, 1895) was an English-born American professional baseball player, manager, and developer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Harry was already 22 when the baseball fraternity convened for the first time in 1857, at which time he joined the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Harry played against the first English cricket team to tour overseas in 1859.Both brothers played baseball for some of the leading clubs during the amateur era of the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wright was also the first to make baseball into a business by paying his players up to seven times the pay of the average working man."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati",
"text": "No one but Harry Wright himself remained from 1867; one local man and one other westerner joined seven easterners on the famous First Nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston | The National Association years",
"text": "From an invitation in 1870 by Ivers Whitney Adams, the founder and President of the Boston Red Stockings, Wright moved from managing the \"Cincinnati Red Stockings\" to work professionally with the first-ever base ball team in Boston, the \"Boston Red Stockings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Wright was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati",
"text": "When the NABBP permitted professionalism for 1869, Harry augmented his 1868 imports (retaining four of five) with five new men, including three more originally from the East."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati",
"text": "When baseball boomed less than a year later in 1866, the first full peacetime season, he became, in effect, club pro at the Cincinnati Base Ball Club, although he is commonly called simply a baseball \"manager\" from that time."
}
] |
Harry Wright was a part of the first professional baseball team.
| 2 | 3 |
Harry Wright
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "In 1971, Barlick was awarded the Umpire of the Year Award at the Al Somers Umpire School, which was based on a poll of other MLB umpires."
}
] |
bk2Asn7jnODXjlvvYCgZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barlick dropped out of high school after two years to support his family."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "In 1971, Barlick was awarded the Umpire of the Year Award at the Al Somers Umpire School, which was based on a poll of other MLB umpires."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "He missed the last two weeks of the 1966 season due to high blood pressure."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Return from the Coast Guard",
"text": "After he sat out the entire 1956 season, a March 1957 article reported that the heart issue would probably cause him to miss that season as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barlick was born in Springfield, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Return from the Coast Guard",
"text": "Klem repeated his endorsement of Barlick that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "On December 27, 1995, Barlick collapsed at his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barlick was known for a strong voice and for booming strike calls."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barlick said that he did not play much baseball as a youngster, but that he often watched the game."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Barlick was selected as an umpire for the 1942 All-Star Game at the Polo Grounds."
}
] |
Barlick dropped out of high school.
| 1 | 5 |
Al Barlick
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Lottery\" is a short story written by Shirley Jackson, first published in the June 26, 1948, issue of The New Yorker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story describes a fictional small town in contemporary America, which observes an annual rite known as \"the lottery\", in which a member of the community is selected by chance to be stoned to death."
}
] |
bkXMvR5uHWsRwXuIBqZn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Each of the five draws a slip, and Tessie gets the marked one."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1969 film",
"text": "Larry Yust's short film The Lottery (1969), produced as part of Encyclopædia Britannica's \"Short Story Showcase\" series, was ranked by the Academic Film Archive \"as one of the two bestselling educational films ever\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Lottery\" is a short story written by Shirley Jackson, first published in the June 26, 1948, issue of The New Yorker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story describes a fictional small town in contemporary America, which observes an annual rite known as \"the lottery\", in which a member of the community is selected by chance to be stoned to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Readers",
"text": "Many readers demanded an explanation of the situation in the story, and a month after the initial publication, Jackson responded in the San Francisco Chronicle (July 22, 1948): Explaining just what I had hoped the story to say is very difficult."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story has been dramatized several times and subjected to much sociological and literary analysis, and has been described as one of the most famous short stories in the history of American literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Details of contemporary small-town American life are embroidered upon a description of an annual rite known as \"the lottery\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1951 radio version",
"text": "A radio adaptation by NBC was broadcast March 14, 1951, as an episode of the anthology series NBC Presents: Short Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Bill Hutchinson gets the marked slip, meaning that his family has been chosen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Readers' initial negative response surprised both Jackson and The New Yorker: subscriptions were cancelled, and much hate mail was received throughout the summer of its first publication, while the Union of South Africa banned the story."
}
] |
The Lottery is a short story about an annual drawing of a person who may get killed in public.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lottery
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg was born Anita Borg Naffz in Chicago, Illinois."
}
] |
bkYa0zOj6KrDuiPHD1n8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "Borg was recognized for her accomplishments as a computer scientist, as well as for her work on behalf of women in computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anita Borg (January 17, 1949 – April 6, 2003) was an American computer scientist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "She received the Augusta Ada Lovelace Award from the Association for Women in Computing for her work on behalf of women in the computing field in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Advocacy for technical women",
"text": "Her goal was to have 50% representation for women in computing by 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "In 1996 she was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "Borg received the EFF Pioneer Award from the Electronic Frontier Foundation and was recognized by the Girl Scouts of the USA, as well as listed on Open Computing Magazine's Top 100 Women in Computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She founded the Institute for Women and Technology and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg was born Anita Borg Naffz in Chicago, Illinois."
}
] |
Anita Borg's birthplace is in the Midwest and was a computer scientist.
| 1 | 2 |
Anita Borg
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot was revealed to the authorities in an anonymous letter sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, on 26 October 1605."
}
] |
bksgMZsnVZfbJs99TeIL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Discovery",
"text": "The mention of Percy's name aroused further suspicion as he was already known to the authorities as a Catholic agitator."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Accusations of state conspiracy",
"text": "In 1897 Father John Gerard of Stonyhurst College, namesake of John Gerard (who, following the plot's discovery, had evaded capture), wrote an account called What was the Gunpowder Plot?, alleging Salisbury's culpability."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Last stand",
"text": "Although gunpowder does not explode unless physically contained, a spark from the fire landed on the powder and the resultant flames engulfed Catesby, Rookwood, Grant, and a man named Morgan (a member of the hunting"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Discovery",
"text": "He was arrested, whereupon he gave his name as John Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Undercroft",
"text": "Garnet wrote to a colleague in Rome, Claudio Acquaviva, expressing his concerns about open rebellion in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Flight",
"text": "In \"John Johnson's\" initial interrogation he revealed nothing other than the name of his mother, and that he was from Yorkshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Flight",
"text": "A letter to Guy Fawkes was discovered on his person, but he claimed that name was one of his aliases."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Jesuits",
"text": "On 26 January, in exchange for his life, he told the authorities where they could find Father Garnet."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Jesuits",
"text": "Humphrey Littleton, who had escaped from the authorities at Hagley, got as far as Prestwood in Staffordshire before he was captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot was revealed to the authorities in an anonymous letter sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, on 26 October 1605."
}
] |
He who was not named wrote to authorities about The Gunpowder Plot.
| 0 | 0 |
Gunpowder Plot
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–present: Later critical acclaim",
"text": "For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh."
}
] |
blCupxpZa050A2zmFD0g
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–present: Later critical acclaim",
"text": "He followed the film with Ken Burns's 2007 documentary The War."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Politics and activism",
"text": "He also narrated a 2012 documentary, The Road"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | COVID-19 diagnosis",
"text": "Hanks was playing the role of Colonel Tom Parker in the film directed by Baz Luhrmann."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "For his performance in the film, Hanks earned his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–present: Later critical acclaim",
"text": "In July 2020, Hanks starred in Greyhound, a war film which he also wrote the screenplay for, directed by Aaron Schneider."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "It was labeled one of the finest war films ever made and earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "2014 : Kennedy Center Honors Medallion 2016: Presidential Medal of Freedom 2016: French Legion of Honor, for his presentation of World War II and support of World War II veterans, along with Tom Brokaw, retired NBC anchor, and Gordon H. Mueller, president and co-founder of the National WWII Museum, New Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–present: Later critical acclaim",
"text": "In 2007, Hanks starred in Mike Nichols's film Charlie Wilson's War (written by screenwriter Aaron Sorkin) in which he played Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris, and Kathleen Quinlan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "For Saving Private Ryan, he teamed up with Steven Spielberg to make a film about a search through war-torn France after D-Day to bring back a soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–present: Later critical acclaim",
"text": "For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh."
}
] |
Tom Hanks performed a portion of the narration for Ken Burns's film, The War.
| 0 | 2 |
Tom Hanks
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda."
}
] |
blPXkpervZEwEY2UP1N9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Poole, Reginald L. (April 1911). \" Burgundian Notes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda."
},
{
"section_header": "Liudolf's Civil War | End of the rebellion",
"text": "Otto's oldest son William was appointed Archbishop of Mainz and Primate of Germany"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda, the daughter of Dietrich of Ringelheim, a Saxon count in Westphalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Liudolf's Civil War | Rebellion against Otto",
"text": "Arnulf II was a son of Arnulf the Bad, whom Henry had previously displaced as duke, and he sought revenge: he deserted Henry and joined the rebellion against Otto."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "In relation to the other members of his dynasty, Otto I was the son of Henry I, father of Otto II, grandfather of Otto III, and great-uncle to Henry II."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | War in France",
"text": "Henry had not dropped his ambitions for the German throne and initiated another conspiracy against his older brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Liudolf's Civil War | Rebellion against Otto",
"text": "In winter 952, Adelaide gave birth to a son, whom she named Henry after her brother-in-law and the child's grandfather, Henry the Fowler."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | War in France",
"text": "Otto exiled Henry from East Francia, and he fled to the court of King Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion into Italy | First Italian Expedition",
"text": "The young heir was also competing with his uncle, Duke Henry of Bavaria, both in German affairs and Northern Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
}
] |
Otto l was the oldest son of Henry l and was a German king.
| 0 | 1 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
}
] |
blmMYCzsCCUjrIcydtmL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On August 10, 2015, Google Inc. announced plans to create a new public holding company,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company, with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as president."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Before it became a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google Inc. was first structured as the owner of Alphabet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The establishment of Alphabet Inc. was prompted by a desire to make the core Google business \"cleaner and more accountable\" while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Sundar Pichai, Product Chief, became the new CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who transitioned to the role of running Alphabet, along with Google co-founder Sergey Brin."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "many companies or divisions formerly a part of Google became subsidiaries of Alphabet, Google remains the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet-related businesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Inc. (referring to the Roman numeral of 26, the number of letters in the alphabet), so that they can be valued and legally separated from Google."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity",
"text": "Alphabet will also include our X lab, which incubates new efforts like Wing, our drone delivery effort."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. Google CEO Larry Page made this announcement in a blog post on Google's official blog."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
}
] |
Alphabet Inc. is the parent company of Google, and is based in the West coast, which is definitely not New York.
| 0 | 0 |
Alphabet Inc.
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport."
}
] |
bmhVUFZ9GE9poT4A4iyG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In March 1948, the City Council changed the official name to New York International Airport, Anderson Field, but the common name remained \"Idlewild\" until the end of 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Former terminals",
"text": "JFK Airport was originally built with ten terminals, compared to the six it has today."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Separate terminals",
"text": "By 1954, Idlewild had the highest volume of international air traffic of any airport globally."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early operations",
"text": "Runway 31R (originally 8,000 ft or 2,438 m) is still in use; runway 31L (originally 9,500 ft or 2,896 m) opened soon after the rest of the airport and is still in use; runway 1R closed in 1957 and runway 7R closed around 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The renaming was vetoed by Mayor La Guardia and reinstated by the New York City Council; in common usage, the airport was still called \"Idlewild\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later operation",
"text": "Airlines began scheduling jets to Idlewild in 1958–59; LaGuardia did not get jets until 1964, and JFK became New York's busiest airport."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early operations",
"text": "Runway 4 (originally 8,000 ft, now runway 4L) opened"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Separate terminals",
"text": "The original Saarinen terminal, also known as the head house, has since been converted into the TWA Hotel."
}
] |
The original name of the Airport was Idlewild.
| 1 | 3 |
John F. Kennedy International Airport
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
}
] |
bmzfLTV2gGuHrfIu8ztg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reproduction and life cycle",
"text": "They have a single testicle and sperm duct, associated with a pair of glandular structures referred to as prostates (unrelated to the vertebrate prostate)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "About 2200 species of rotifers have been described."
},
{
"section_header": "Feeding",
"text": "Like crustaceans, rotifers contribute to nutrient recycling."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction and life cycle",
"text": "Rotifers are dioecious and reproduce sexually or parthenogenetically."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "Rotifers have bilateral symmetry and a variety of different shapes."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In the great majority of rotifers, however, this has evolved into a more complex structure."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "Many rotifers can retract the foot partially or wholly into the trunk."
},
{
"section_header": "Feeding",
"text": "Rotifers may be in competition with cladocera and copepods for planktonic food sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The Acanthocephala, previously considered to be a separate phylum, have been demonstrated to be modified rotifers."
}
] |
Rotifers are not commonly referred as anything.
| 2 | 3 |
Rotifera
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006."
}
] |
bnPexW2Tjcvc3Z72nVvz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "Led Zeppelin were the recipient of a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005, and four of their recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup | 1990s",
"text": "In 1995, Led Zeppelin were inducted into the United States Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Steven Tyler and Joe Perry of Aerosmith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995; the museum's biography of the band states that they were \"as influential\" during the 1970s as the Beatles were during the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "They were awarded an Ivor Novello Award for \"Outstanding Contribution to British Music\" in 1977, as well as a \"Lifetime Achievement Award\" at the 42nd Annual Ivor Novello awards ceremony in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "The band were honoured at the 2008 MOJO Awards with the \"Best Live Act\" prize for their one-off reunion, and were described as the \"greatest rock and roll band of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "According to popular music scholar Reebee Garofalo, \"because hip critics could not find a constructive way of positioning themselves in relation to Led Zeppelin's ultra-macho presentation, they were excluded from the art rock category despite their broad range of influences."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rock critic Mikal Gilmore said, \"Led Zeppelin—talented, complex, grasping, beautiful and dangerous—made one of the most enduring bodies of composition and performance in twentieth-century music, despite everything they had to overpower, including themselves\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "\" As such, along with other second-generation English hard rock bands like Black Sabbath and Mott"
}
] |
The English rock band Led Zeppelin were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame and won a despite winning a Grammy Lifetime Achievement award despite never being in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
| 1 | 2 |
Led Zeppelin
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Dreyfuss's father, Samuel Dreyfuss (1832–1896), was actually an American citizen since 1861, who had returned to Germany at the outbreak of the Civil War."
}
] |
bnXbBDnEt26qk4AbbRse
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Dreyfuss had groomed his son, Samuel, to inherit the Pirates upon his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Once in America, Barney Dreyfuss lived and worked with the Bernheim family in Paducah, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Dreyfuss' widow, Florence, urged her son-in-law, William Benswanger, to take over as president and operating head of the franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh Pirates | 1910 to 1932",
"text": "In 1912, Dreyfuss became one of the major stockholders of Welte & Sons Inc. However, he was still involved in every decision made involving the Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bernhard \"Barney\" Dreyfuss (February 23, 1865 – February 5, 1932) was an executive in Major League Baseball who owned the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise from 1900 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Louisville Colonels",
"text": "Dreyfuss enjoyed the game of baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Louisville Colonels",
"text": "As a result, Dreyfuss moved the Colonels into the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dreyfuss is often credited with the creation of the modern baseball World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Dreyfuss was born in Freiburg, Grand Duchy of Baden in 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Samuel Dreyfuss had made a fortune selling spirits to the Native Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Dreyfuss's father, Samuel Dreyfuss (1832–1896), was actually an American citizen since 1861, who had returned to Germany at the outbreak of the Civil War."
}
] |
Barney Dreyfuss is the son of acclaimed actor Richard Dreyfuss.
| 2 | 6 |
Barney Dreyfuss
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The character of Eugene Gant is generally believed to be a depiction of Wolfe himself."
}
] |
bndb02ROtfTjy4Tm9EiK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (1929). Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (2000). O Lost: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\"The title of Thomas Wolfe's novel comes from the John Milton poem Lycidas: \"Look homeward Angel now, and melt with ruth: And, O ye Dolphins, waft the hapless youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel is written in a \"stream of consciousness\" narrative reminiscent of James Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A restored version of the original manuscript of Look Homeward, Angel, entitled, O Lost, was published in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and performances",
"text": "Frings' adaptation of Look Homeward"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel was published in 1929 to generally positive reviews in North America, most praising the author's brilliance and emotional power."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Matthew Bruccoli said that while Perkins was a talented editor, Look Homeward, Angel is inferior to the complete work of O Lost and that the publication of the complete novel \"marks nothing less than the restoration of a masterpiece to the literary canon.\" The book is divided into three parts, with a total of forty chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "O Lost, the original \"author's cut\" of Look Homeward, Angel, was reconstructed by scholars Arlyn and Matthew Bruccoli and published in 2000 on the centennial of Wolfe's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The character of Eugene Gant is generally believed to be a depiction of Wolfe himself."
}
] |
Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a non-fictional autobiography book by Thomas Wolfe.
| 0 | 0 |
Look Homeward, Angel
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Setting",
"text": "Originally this world was self-contained, but as Tolkien began work on The Lord of the Rings, he decided these stories could fit into the legendarium he had been working on privately for decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Setting",
"text": "The setting of The Hobbit, as described on its original dust jacket, is \"ancient time between the age of Faerie and the dominion of men\" in an unnamed fantasy world."
}
] |
bosrakBQYyxsjsowqCPA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "For the most part of the book, each chapter introduces a different denizen of the Wilderland, some helpful and friendly towards the protagonists, and others threatening or dangerous."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Although Gandalf rescues them, Bilbo gets separated from the others as they flee the goblins."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "In the first edition of The Hobbit, Gollum willingly bets his magic ring on the outcome of the riddle-game, and he and Bilbo part amicably."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Influences",
"text": "Tolkien refines parts of Beowulf's plot that he appears to have found less than satisfactorily described, such as details about the cup-thief and the dragon's intellect and personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Illustration and design",
"text": "Many follow the original scheme at least loosely, but many others are illustrated by other artists, especially the many translated editions."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Adaptations",
"text": "The BBC Radio 4 series The Hobbit radio drama was an adaptation by Michael Kilgarriff, broadcast in eight parts (four hours in total) from September to November 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Adaptations",
"text": "In Decembers of 2012, 2013, and 2014, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and New Line Cinema released one part each of a three-part live-action film version produced and directed by Peter Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Setting",
"text": "Originally this world was self-contained, but as Tolkien began work on The Lord of the Rings, he decided these stories could fit into the legendarium he had been working on privately for decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Setting",
"text": "The setting of The Hobbit, as described on its original dust jacket, is \"ancient time between the age of Faerie and the dominion of men\" in an unnamed fantasy world."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Interpretation",
"text": "Bilbo is able to negotiate and interact within this antique world because language and tradition make connections between the two worlds."
}
] |
The Hobbit was retroactively a part of the other worlds Tolkien envisioned.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hobbit
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events."
}
] |
bpfBJJCKHRxbk8vL7RmA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms | Pre-dementia",
"text": "MCI can present with a variety of symptoms, and when memory loss is the predominant symptom, it is termed \"amnestic MCI\" and is frequently seen as a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Osaka mutation",
"text": "This mutation and its association with Alzheimer's disease was first reported in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Genetic",
"text": "For example, certain Nigerian populations do not show the relationship between dose of APOEε4 and incidence or age-of-onset for Alzheimer's disease seen in other human populations."
},
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms | Pre-dementia",
"text": "The first symptoms are often mistakenly attributed to ageing or stress."
},
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms | Advanced",
"text": "During the final stages, the patient is completely dependent upon caregivers."
},
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms | Moderate",
"text": "Speech difficulties become evident due to an inability to recall vocabulary, which leads to frequent incorrect word substitutions (paraphasias)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pathophysiology | Biochemistry",
"text": "Pathogenic tau can also cause neuronal death through transposable element dysregulation."
},
{
"section_header": "Prognosis",
"text": "Pneumonia and dehydration are the most frequent immediate causes of death brought by AD, while cancer is a less frequent cause of death than in the general population."
},
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms | Pre-dementia",
"text": "The most noticeable deficit is short term memory loss, which shows up as difficulty in remembering recently learned facts and inability to acquire new information."
},
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms | Early",
"text": "Older memories of the person's life (episodic memory), facts learned (semantic memory), and implicit memory (the memory of the body on how to do things, such as using a fork to eat or how to drink from a glass) are affected to a lesser degree than new facts or memories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events."
}
] |
The most frequently seen first sign of Alzheimer's disease is the patient transposing the order of things that have happened recently.
| 0 | 0 |
Alzheimer's disease
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Victor \"Gene\" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States."
}
] |
bpraz3hV9T7uRT9XQoNC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Labor activism",
"text": "He was elected president of the ARU upon its founding, with fellow railway labor organizer George W. Howard as first vice president."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Selected Works of Eugene V. Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Labor activism",
"text": "After stepping down as Brotherhood Grand Secretary in 1893, Debs organized one of the first industrial unions in the United States, the American Railway Union (ARU), for unskilled workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Victor \"Gene\" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Audio version. Letters of Eugene V. Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Debs was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union (ARU), one of the nation's first industrial unions."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House in Ann Arbor, Michigan was named after Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "—Abridged single volume version published as Gentle Rebel: Letters of Eugene V. Debs. (1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On May 22, 1962, Debs' home was purchased for $9,500 by the Eugene V. Debs Foundation, which worked to preserve it as a Debs memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Split to found the Social Democratic Party",
"text": "The Social Democracy of America (SDA), founded in 1897 by Eugene V. Debs from the remnants of his American Railway Union, was deeply divided between those who favored a tactic of launching a series of colonies to build socialism by practical example and others who favored establishment of a European-style socialist political party with a view to capture of the government apparatus through the ballot box."
}
] |
Eugene V. Debs was a political activist and the president of the First Union Construction and Electrical Men organization.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugene V. Debs
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are joined by Forky, a spork that Bonnie has made into a toy, and embark on a road trip adventure and run into an old friend from Andy's house."
}
] |
bpw58PuNyvmq9148ehCo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rumors arose that Toy Story 4 was in production and slated for release for 2015, but Disney denied these rumors in February 2013.Disney officially announced Toy Story 4 during an investor's call on November 6, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the aftermath of the failed rescue, Bo and the other toys argue over whether to go back."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "In its second weekend, Toy Story 4 made $59.7 million and retained the top spot at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Woody comforts a heartbroken Gabby and invites her to become one of Bonnie's toys."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Billy, Goat, and Gruff, who now live as \"lost\" toys that are not dedicated to one child."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Possible sequel",
"text": "He said to Ellen DeGeneres that Tim Allen had \"warned him about the emotional final goodbye between their characters Woody and Buzz Lightyear in Toy Story 4.\" However, Nielsen did not rule out a possibility of a fifth film, stating, \"Every film we make, we treat it like it's the first and the last film we're ever going to make, so you force yourself to make it hold up."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Toy Story 4 is a 2019 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Toy Story 4 grossed $434 million in the United States and Canada, and $639.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.073 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "At least, for now. \" The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin wrote, \"Toy Story 4 reaffirms that Pixar, at their best, are like no other animation studio around."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are joined by Forky, a spork that Bonnie has made into a toy, and embark on a road trip adventure and run into an old friend from Andy's house."
}
] |
Toy Story 4 is about a group of toys going on an adventure.
| 1 | 7 |
Toy Story 4
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cherry Orchard (Russian: Вишнёвый сад, romanized: Vishnyovyi sad) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov."
}
] |
bpwdYSCD3akCg9tRoONg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Finally, the classic \"loaded gun\" that appears in many of Chekhov's plays appears here, but this is his only play in which a gun is shown but not fired."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cherry Orchard (Russian: Вишнёвый сад, romanized: Vishnyovyi sad) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "An alternative view is that The Cherry Orchard was Chekhov's tribute to his own oeuvre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Left alone with Ranevskaya, Trofimov insists that she finally face the truth that the house and the cherry orchard will be sold at auction."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "The Theatre Workshop of Nantucket staged a new adaptation and translation of Chekhov's Cherry Orchard set on Nantucket in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Ever since that time, productions have had to struggle with this dual nature of the play (and of Chekhov's works in general)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anya enters, declaring a rumour that the cherry orchard has been sold."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Offstage we hear the axes as they cut down the cherry orchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play revolves around an aristocratic Russian landowner who returns to her family estate (which includes a large and well-known cherry orchard) just before it is auctioned to pay the mortgage."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They all go to bed with renewed hope that the estate will be saved and the cherry orchard preserved."
}
] |
The Cherry Orchard was Anton Chekhov's final play.
| 0 | 0 |
The Cherry Orchard
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on an idea first pitched by Knoll ten years before it entered development, the film was made to be different in tone and style from the traditional Star Wars films, omitting the customary opening crawl and transitional screen wipes."
}
] |
bqH00WvrXtktZzuzpXy7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or simply Rogue One) is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rogue One is the first film in the Star Wars anthology series, a series of standalone spin-off films in the Star Wars franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Tie-in novels",
"text": "Written by veteran Star Wars novelist James Luceno, the story is set some years before the events of Rogue One, and provides a backstory to the 2016 film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal the plans for the Death Star, the Galactic Empire's super weapon, just before the events of the original Star Wars film."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "Several characters and concepts from the film were also included in the mobile games Star Wars: Force Arena, Star Wars Commander and Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes, all available on iOS and Android."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In a poll on the official Star Wars website in May 2017, in which more than 30,000 people voted, Chirrut Îmwe was voted as the most popular Rogue One character."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"At the 2016 Star Wars Celebration"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on an idea first pitched by Knoll ten years before it entered development, the film was made to be different in tone and style from the traditional Star Wars films, omitting the customary opening crawl and transitional screen wipes."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "A downloadable expansion pack was released for the Star Wars Battlefront reboot, titled Rogue One: Scarif, that allows players the ability to play through the various locations, characters and set pieces from the planet introduced in Rogue One."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "Disney agreed to embargo promotion on Rogue One until after mid-2015, with the exception of a very short teaser which was screened at Star Wars Celebration in Anaheim that year."
}
] |
The film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story has an opening unlike the other Star Wars films.
| 0 | 0 |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The event was heavily publicized by leading Patriots such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston."
}
] |
bqHvOY9ZG3sTnqdUXxyZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Seider's death was covered in the Boston Gazette, and his funeral was described as one of the largest of the time in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemorations",
"text": "Artwork was produced commemorating the massacre, changing the color of a victim's skin to black to emphasize Attucks' death."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemorations",
"text": "In 1888, the Boston Massacre Monument was erected on the Boston Common in memory of the men killed in the massacre, and the five victims were reinterred in a prominent grave in the Granary Burying Ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Trials",
"text": "The sun is not about to stand still or go out, nor the rivers to dry up because there was a mob in Boston on the 5th of March that attacked a party of soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution",
"text": "John Adams wrote that the \"foundation of American independence was laid\" on March 5, 1770, and Samuel Adams and other Patriots used annual commemorations (Massacre Day) to encourage public sentiment toward independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemorations",
"text": "He reports that the Boston Gazette published in 1763 that \"a few persons in power\" were promoting political projects \"for keeping the people poor in order to make them humble.\" The massacre was remembered in 1858 in a celebration organized by William Cooper Nell, a black abolitionist who saw the death of Crispus Attucks as an opportunity to demonstrate the role of African Americans in the Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution",
"text": "The Boston Massacre is considered one of the most significant events that turned colonial sentiment against King George III and British Parliamentary authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Media battle",
"text": "The Boston Gazette's version of events, for example, characterized the massacre as part of an ongoing scheme to \"quell a Spirit of Liberty\", and harped on the negative consequences of quartering troops in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Incident",
"text": "White had taken up a somewhat safer position on the steps of the Custom House, and he sought assistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The event was heavily publicized by leading Patriots such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams."
}
] |
The Boston Massacre was a dispute that ending up in the deaths of civilizations that was cited by Patriots.
| 0 | 1 |
Boston Massacre
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Volpone (Italian for \"sly fox\") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606, drawing on elements of city comedy and beast fable."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Volpone (The Fox) is a Venetian gentleman who pretends to be on his deathbed after a long illness in order to dupe Voltore (The Vulture), Corbaccio (The Raven) and Corvino (The Crow), three men who aspire to inherit his fortune."
}
] |
brEfGzRG2n9DDW8FRbsB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "To Volpone, Mosca mentions that Corvino has a beautiful wife, Celia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Volpone (Italian for \"sly fox\") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606, drawing on elements of city comedy and beast fable."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "In 1968, Tyrone Guthrie's National Theatre production emphasized the beast-fable motif; this production featured stage design by Tanya Moiseiwitsch."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Nano – a dwarf, companion of Volpone Androgyno – a hermaphrodite, companion of Volpone Castrone – a eunuch, companion of Volpone"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Volpone was played by Tamás Major."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Believing that Volpone has been rendered impotent by his illness, Corvino offers his wife in order that, when he is revived, Volpone will recognise Corvino as his sole heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Disguised as Scoto the Mountebank, Volpone goes to see Celia."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "At the same theatre in 1955, Eric Porter played Volpone."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "This version was used by George Antheil in his 1953 opera Volpone."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Mosca guides Bonario to a sideroom, and Volpone and Celia are left alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Volpone (The Fox) is a Venetian gentleman who pretends to be on his deathbed after a long illness in order to dupe Voltore (The Vulture), Corbaccio (The Raven) and Corvino (The Crow), three men who aspire to inherit his fortune."
}
] |
Volpone is inspired by Beauty and the Beast.
| 0 | 0 |
Volpone
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "North America",
"text": "The war was also conducted in North America and India."
}
] |
brSOfb1bBUxHLmMc5gmb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Related wars",
"text": "First Carnatic War — Anglo-French rivalry in India often seen as a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession. Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) — Swedish and Russian participation in the War of the Austrian Succession. King George's War — American participation in the War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies",
"text": "This plan worked better in North America than in Europe, but set the stage for the Seven Years' War."
},
{
"section_header": "Related wars",
"text": "War of Jenkins' Ear — Anglo-Spanish war which merged into the War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "North America",
"text": "The war was also conducted in North America and India."
},
{
"section_header": "North America",
"text": "In North America the conflict was known in the British colonies as King George's War, and did not begin until after formal war declarations of France and Britain reached the colonies in May 1744."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peace of 1748",
"text": "A commission to negotiate competing territorial claims in North America was set up, but made very little progress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The War of the Austrian Succession (German: Österreichischer Erbfolgekrieg) was a European war fought between 1740 and 1748."
},
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies",
"text": "In the War of the Austrian Succession, the British were allied with Austria; by the time of the Seven Years' War, they were allied with its enemy, Prussia."
},
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies | Methods and technologies",
"text": "The War of the Austrian Succession, like most European wars of the eighteenth century, was fought as a so-called cabinet war in which disciplined regular armies were equipped and supplied by the state to conduct warfare on behalf of the sovereign's interests."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Attempts to offset this involved Austria in the 1734-1735 War of the Polish Succession and the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, and it was weakened by the losses incurred."
}
] |
The War of the Austrian Succession was also set in America and Asia.
| 0 | 0 |
War of the Austrian Succession
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio, where he was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar."
}
] |
brzn19lKYV6SH7ADZY2K
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "St. Mary High School, a private Catholic school with predominantly white students."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Football",
"text": "As an underclassman, James played wide receiver for St. Vincent-St."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "St. Vincent-St. Mary finished the year with a 23–4 record, ending their season with a loss in the Division II championship game."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "St. Vincent-St. Mary went on to win the Division II championship, marking their third division title in four years."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Mary Mary St. Vincent-St. Mary Hall of Fame (class of 2011) St. Vincent-St."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio, where he was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "The Fighting Irish went 27–0 en route to the Division III state title, making them the only boys high school team in Ohio to finish the season undefeated."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "This prompted an investigation by the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) because its guidelines stated that no amateur may accept any gift valued over $100 as a reward for athletic performance."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "Mary played at the University of Akron's 5,492-seat Rhodes Arena to satisfy ticket demand from alumni, fans, as well as college and NBA scouts who wanted to see James play."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Football",
"text": "Some sports analysts, football critics, high school coaches, former and current players have speculated that James could have played in the National Football League."
}
] |
Lebron played for St. Mary high school in Cleveland, Ohio.
| 3 | 4 |
LeBron James
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "The DVD debuted at number four on the Japanese Oricon DVD Chart on August 23, 2010, making Girls' Generation the first Korean girl group to earn a top-five DVD on the Oricon chart."
}
] |
bs2P5r7SUrhIes6TTkTs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "Girls' Generation continued to promote as an eight-member group thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally a nine-piece group, Jessica departed from the group in September 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: Formation and debut",
"text": "In 2007, on the recommendation of Korean-Japanese singer IconiQ, Sunny moved back to S.M. Entertainment and became a member of Girls' Generation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "Girls' Generation's first release as an eight-member group was \"Catch Me"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "The DVD debuted at number four on the Japanese Oricon DVD Chart on August 23, 2010, making Girls' Generation the first Korean girl group to earn a top-five DVD on the Oricon chart."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "In September 2010, Girls' Generation released the Japanese version of \"Genie\" as their debut single in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "Though Girls' Generation had gained some attention with their 2007 debut album, it was not until 2009 that the group rose to stardom."
},
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "In 2011 and 2012, the members of Girls' Generation combined were the South Korean celebrities who shot the most number of commercials."
},
{
"section_header": "Subgroup and solo endeavors",
"text": "In August 2018, SM Entertainment formed the second subgroup of Girls' Generation named Girls' Generation-Oh!GG, composed of five members: Sunny, Taeyeon, Yoona, Yuri and Hyoyeon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2012: Japanese success, The Boys, and international expansion",
"text": "Following their successful Japanese debut, the group was regarded as the most popular K-pop girl group in Japan alongside Kara, which also earned several top five Japanese singles around the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun."
}
] |
Girls' Generation, Japanese girl group has nine members.
| 3 | 3 |
Girls' Generation
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilbert Robinson (June 29, 1864 – August 8, 1934), nicknamed \"Uncle Robbie\", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
bs4uutWkvvuZzNa5nU5n
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Old-Timers Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilbert Robinson (June 29, 1864 – August 8, 1934), nicknamed \"Uncle Robbie\", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Over the course of his career, Robinson played 1,316 games as a catcher, which prepared him for his second baseball career as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Bolton, Massachusetts, Robinson was a catcher in the minor New England League in 1885 and made it to the major leagues in 1886 with the Philadelphia Athletics of the American Association, where he remained until 1890."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "After his retirement from managing, Robinson became the president of the Atlanta Crackers minor league team."
},
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "Couldn't he have made some of them against Giants manager McGraw?\") Robinson and McGraw joined as business partners in the Baltimore Orioles, a team that would debut in the new American League (AL) in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "Ruth Law, the aviator, supposedly forgot to bring a baseball and instead dropped a grapefruit, which splattered all over the manager."
},
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "After the season, McGraw enticed Robinson to be his pitching coach from 1903 to 1913, during which time the Giants won five NL pennants."
},
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "Robinson succeeded McGraw as manager of the Orioles."
}
] |
Wilbert Robinson was an American catcher, coach and manager in Minor League Baseball, and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945.
| 0 | 0 |
Wilbert Robinson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Women under apartheid",
"text": "Colonialism and apartheid had a major impact on Black and Coloured women, since they suffered both racial and gender discrimination."
}
] |
btPsQ2PMV5GdgnevLLFl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Women under apartheid",
"text": "South African Women were deprived of their human rights as individuals under apartheid system."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Women under apartheid",
"text": "Colonialism and apartheid had a major impact on Black and Coloured women, since they suffered both racial and gender discrimination."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Women under apartheid",
"text": "Many Black and Coloured women worked as agricultural or domestic workers, but wages were extremely low, if existent."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Women under apartheid",
"text": "The controlled movement of black and Coloured workers within the country through the Natives Urban Areas Act of 1923 and the pass laws separated family members from one another, because men could prove their employment in urban centres while most women were merely dependents; consequently, they risked being deported to rural areas."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | Organisation for African Unity",
"text": "African states agreed to aid the liberation movements in their fight against apartheid."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | Outward-looking policy",
"text": "Malawi was the first not-neighbouring country to accept South African aid."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | Outward-looking policy",
"text": "In 1967, he offered technological and financial aid to any African state prepared to receive it, asserting that no political strings were attached, aware that many African states needed financial aid despite their opposition to South Africa's racial policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Institution | Legislation",
"text": "Until 1956 women were for the most part excluded from these pass requirements, as attempts to introduce pass laws for women were met with fierce resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | United Nations",
"text": "This clause was finally declared mandatory on 4 November 1977, depriving South Africa of military aid."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal resistance",
"text": "Women were also notable in their involvement in trade union organisations and banned political parties."
}
] |
Apartheid aided women the most.
| 0 | 0 |
Apartheid
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology (USA) and five National Medals of Science (USA)."
}
] |
buL4WfzznXH1AUss81Kp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology (USA) and five National Medals of Science (USA)."
},
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees | IBM alumni",
"text": "NFL referee Bill Carollo, former Rangers F.C. chairman John McClelland, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature J. M. Coetzee."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Five IBMers have received the Nobel Prize: Leo Esaki, of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., in 1973, for work in semiconductors; Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, of the Zurich Research Center, in 1986, for the scanning tunneling microscope; and Georg Bednorz and Alex Müller, also of Zurich, in 1987, for research in superconductivity."
},
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees",
"text": "Each year, the company also selects 1,000 IBMers annually to award the Best of IBM Award, which includes an all-expenses-paid trip to the awards ceremony in an exotic location."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It spanned the complete range of commercial and scientific applications from large to small, allowing companies to upgrade to models with greater computing capability without having to rewrite their applications."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "software company SPSS Inc. Later in 2009, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputing program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "Van der Rohe's building in Chicago was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National Building Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Several IBMers have also won the Turing Award, including the first female recipient Frances E. Allen."
}
] |
The employees of the company have been awarded five Nobel Prizes.
| 3 | 5 |
IBM
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Becket won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and was nominated for eleven other awards, including for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, and twice for Best Actor."
}
] |
budjfbZcqs4iBbTjidv1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "It opened on Broadway with Laurence Olivier as Becket and Anthony Quinn as King Henry II in a production directed by Peter Glenville, who later went on to direct the film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "Peter O'Toole went on to play King Henry II once more in The Lion in Winter (1968) with Katharine Hepburn as Queen Eleanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Henry asks Becket whether or not he loved him and Becket replied that he loved Henry to the best of his ability."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "-turned-bishop Thomas Becket."
},
{
"section_header": "Preservation",
"text": "The Academy Film Archive preserved Becket in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "The major inaccuracy is the depiction of Becket as a Saxon who has risen to a perceived Norman social standing, when in fact the historical Thomas Becket was a Norman (while Henry was an Angevin)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A shaky truce is declared and Becket is allowed to return to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Richard Burton – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Instead, Becket becomes a major thorn in his side in a jurisdictional dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Shortly thereafter, Becket sides with the Church, throwing Henry into a fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Becket won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and was nominated for eleven other awards, including for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, and twice for Best Actor."
}
] |
Becket is a movie that went 1 for 12 at the Oscars.
| 1 | 3 |
Becket (1964 film)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
bv4LnMGlVoI8zrQK0jVR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "In the 15th century, the Guelphs supported Charles VIII of France during his invasion of Italy at the start of the Italian Wars, while the Ghibellines were supporters of the emperor Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "The Ghibellines then supported Louis' invasion of Italy and coronation as King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "Philip's heir, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, was an enemy of both Otto and the Papacy, and during Frederick's reign, the Guelphs became more strictly associated with the Papacy while the Ghibellines became supporters of the Empire and Frederick in particular."
},
{
"section_header": "In heraldry",
"text": "During the 12th and 13th centuries, armies of the Ghibelline communes usually adopted the war banner of the Holy Roman Empire —white cross on a red field—as their own."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "Cities and families used the names until Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, firmly established imperial power in Italy in 1529."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "The Ghibellines were thus the imperial party, while the Guelphs supported the Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "The Pope made another treaty but he immediately broke it and continued to back the Guelphs, supporting Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia as King of the Romans and soon plotted to have Frederick killed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "Those who were not connected to either side or who had no connections to either Guelphs or Ghibellines, considered both factions unworthy of support but were still affected by changes of power in their respective cities."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "Philip was supported by the Ghibellines as a relative of Frederick I, while Otto was supported by the Guelphs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy."
}
] |
Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
| 0 | 0 |
Guelphs and Ghibellines
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The lighthouse was severely damaged by three earthquakes between AD 956 and 1323 and became an abandoned ruin."
}
] |
bvhCtL8YcJzSBSVnLbtn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Height and description",
"text": "Arab descriptions of the lighthouse are consistent despite it undergoing several repairs after earthquake damage."
},
{
"section_header": "Destruction",
"text": "The lighthouse was partially cracked and damaged by earthquakes in 796 and 951, followed by structural collapse in the earthquake of 956, and then again in 1303 and 1323."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The lighthouse was severely damaged by three earthquakes between AD 956 and 1323 and became an abandoned ruin."
},
{
"section_header": "Destruction",
"text": "Damaging earthquakes propagate from two well known tectonic boundaries, the African-Arabian and Red-Sea rift zones, respectively 350 and 520 km from the lighthouses location."
},
{
"section_header": "Height and description",
"text": "Late accounts of the lighthouse after the destruction by the 1303 Crete earthquake include Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan scholar and explorer, who passed through Alexandria in 1326 and 1349."
},
{
"section_header": "Destruction",
"text": "The most destructive earthquake in 1303 was an estimated intensity of VIII+ originating from the Greek island of Crete (280–350 km from Alexandria)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture",
"text": "The lighthouse remains a civic symbol of the city of Alexandria and of the Alexandria Governorate with which the city is more or less coterminous."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposed reconstruction",
"text": "In 2015, the Egyptian government and the Alexandria governorate suggested building a skyscraper on the site of the lighthouse as part of the regeneration of the eastern harbour of Alexandria Port."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture | In video games",
"text": "The Lighthouse of Alexandria is a \"Great Building\" available in the web-based game Forge of Empires."
},
{
"section_header": "Pharos in culture | In architecture",
"text": "The George Washington Masonic National Memorial, located in Alexandria, Virginia, is fashioned after the ancient Lighthouse."
}
] |
The Lighthouse of Alexandria was damaged by an earthquake around 1124.
| 0 | 0 |
Lighthouse of Alexandria
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also noted for an idiosyncratic habit during performances: while other musicians continued playing, Monk would stop, stand up, and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano."
}
] |
bvuupoL0Gw02OHcI8ENz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1947–1952: Lorraine Gordon",
"text": "He can't play lady, what are you doing up here?"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1955–1961: Riverside Records",
"text": "Little of this group's music was documented owing to contractual problems: Coltrane was signed to Prestige at the time, but Monk refused to return to his former label."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1971–1982: Later life and death",
"text": "No reports or diagnoses were ever publicized, but Monk would often become excited for two or three days, then pace for days after that, after which he would withdraw and stop speaking."
},
{
"section_header": "Technique and playing style",
"text": "A further characteristic of his work as an accompanist was his tendency to stop playing, leaving a soloist with just bass and drums for support."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also noted for an idiosyncratic habit during performances: while other musicians continued playing, Monk would stop, stand up, and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Monk on Monk (1997) by T.S. Monk, featuring Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, Wayne Shorter, Grover Washington Jr., Roy Hargrove, Clark Terry, Geri Allen and others"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk: Dreaming of the Masters Series Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk was born two years after his sister Marion on October 10, 1917, in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and was the son of Thelonious and Barbara Monk."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1955–1961: Riverside Records",
"text": "He willingly recorded two albums of jazz standards as a means of increasing his profile: Thelonious Monk Plays Duke Ellington (1955) and The Unique Thelonious Monk (1956)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz was established in 1986 by the Monk family and Maria Fisher."
}
] |
Thelonious Monk would often just stop and do a little jig whilst listening to other instrumentalists in his group.
| 1 | 4 |
Thelonious Monk
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise."
}
] |
bvwsKjOX0TdThfY5wh4c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most manga and light novels have also been published in North America by Bandai."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "During these initial planning stages, Kawaguchi also contacted the noted manga artist group Clamp."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series has also been adapted into various manga and light novels with the former showing various alternate scenarios from the TV series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "to producer Yoshitaka Kawaguchi."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Clamp's finalized original character design art, illustrated by its lead artist Mokona, was subsequently converted into animation character designs for the series by Sunrise's character designer Takahiro Kimura, who had previously spent \"every day\" analyzing Clamp's art and style from their artbooks and manga series."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "According to him, Lelouch's actions exemplify the wish to see problems like \"economic collapse, class conflict, political instability, radical extremism\" solved by \"Zero's vigilante methods\" but Santos expresses doubt in such an approach and concludes that \"the series is at its best when raising questions rather than offering a final solution\" (the review is focused on the manga adaptation of the story, which has certain differences compared with the original anime)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (Japanese: コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass was broadcast in Japan on MBS from October 2006 to July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Since its premiere, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion has collected numerous awards and accolades."
}
] |
Code Gease was produced by the manga company Dark Horse Manga.
| 2 | 3 |
Code Geass
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Opium War, fought in 1839-1842 between the Qing and Great Britain, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the opium trade; the Second Opium War was fought between the Qing and Britain and France, 1856-1860."
}
] |
bwMDpimmxE75YDLvnmdG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The treaty forced China to cede the Hong Kong Island with surrounding smaller islands to the United Kingdom in perpetuity, and it established five treaty ports at Shanghai, Canton, Ningpo (Ningbo), Foochow (Fuzhou), and Amoy (Xiamen)."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the East India Company sent the opium to their warehouses in the free-trade region of Canton (Guangzhou), from where Chinese smugglers would take the opium farther into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "Some Americans entered the trade by smuggling opium from Turkey into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The First Opium War began in 1839 and was fought over trade, financial reparations, and diplomatic status."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In earlier times, opium was ingested for medicinal purposes, and relatively harmless, but the new practice of smoking opium made its use recreational, and even if not always addictive, increased demand tremendously."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "By 1833, the number of chests of opium trafficked into China soared to 30,000."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "It sold this Indian opium to private traders who transported it to China and sold it to Chinese smugglers."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Opium War",
"text": "Britain now sought greater concessions from China, including the legalization of the opium trade, expansion of the trade in coolies (cheap labourers), opening all of China to British merchants and opium traffickers, and to exempt foreign imports from internal transit duties."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "20,000 chests (1,300 metric tons) of opium were handed over to Lin and destroyed at Humen."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In the late 18th century, the British East India Company, expanded cultivation of opium in its territories in Bengal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Opium War, fought in 1839-1842 between the Qing and Great Britain, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the opium trade; the Second Opium War was fought between the Qing and Britain and France, 1856-1860."
}
] |
The Opium Wars did involve the United Kingdom.
| 0 | 0 |
Opium Wars
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, and helped inspire the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain."
}
] |
bwrQQDT4tdzO2aGtMBQr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Age of Reason",
"text": "As well as Bonneville's other controversial guests, Paine aroused the suspicions of authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Rights of Man",
"text": "The authorities aimed, with ultimate success, to chase Paine out of Great Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Rights of Man",
"text": "An indictment for seditious libel followed, for both publisher and author, while government agents followed Paine and instigated mobs, hate meetings, and burnings in effigy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said: \"Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "In October 1992, the legislation was signed into law (PL102-407 and PL102-459) by President George H. W. Bush authorizing the construction by using private funds of a memorial to Thomas Paine in \"Area 1\" of the grounds of the U.S. Capitol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, and helped inspire the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) (February 9, 1737"
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution | Common Sense (1776)",
"text": "Paine has a claim to the title"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paine became notorious because of his pamphlets."
},
{
"section_header": "The Age of Reason",
"text": "Paine narrowly escaped execution."
}
] |
Paine was a famous author.
| 0 | 0 |
Thomas Paine
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Livingstone attended Blantyre village school, along with the few other mill children with the endurance to do so despite their 14-hour workday (6 am–8 pm)."
}
] |
bx9alwBZ72N7qQo7T8cs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He and his brother John worked twelve-hour days as piecers, tying broken cotton threads on the spinning machines."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "David was employed at the age of ten in the cotton mill of Henry Monteith & Co. in Blantyre Works."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named in his honour and other memorials | Africa",
"text": "Plaque commemorating his departure from Mikindani (present-day Tanzania) on his final expedition on the wall of the house that has been built over the house he reputedly stayed in. David Livingstone Primary School in Salisbury, Rhodesia (present-day Harare, Zimbabwe)."
},
{
"section_header": "Christianity and Sechele",
"text": "Sechele begged Livingstone not to give up on him because his faith was still strong, but Livingstone left the country and went north to continue his Christianizing attempts."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named in his honour and other memorials | Canada",
"text": "David Livingstone Elementary School, Vancouver. David Livingstone Community School, Winnipeg. Bronze bust in Halifax, Nova Scotia."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Livingstone attended Blantyre village school, along with the few other mill children with the endurance to do so despite their 14-hour workday (6 am–8 pm)."
},
{
"section_header": "Christianity and Sechele",
"text": "When Sechele returned, he took over one of his uncle's tribes; at that point, he met David Livingstone."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named in his honour and other memorials | Africa",
"text": "David Livingstone Secondary School in Ntabazinduna about 40 km from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named in his honour and other memorials | Scotland",
"text": "David Livingstone Memorial Primary School in his birthplace, Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named in his honour and other memorials | Africa",
"text": "David Livingstone Senior Secondary School in Schauderville, Port Elizabeth, South Africa."
}
] |
David Livingstone still went to school although he worked over ten hours a day.
| 0 | 0 |
David Livingstone
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "The British Channel Tunnel Group consisted of two banks and five construction companies, while their French counterparts, France–Manche, consisted of three banks and five construction companies."
}
] |
bxAhqBmyAZz5xtB9kzRo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "The British Channel Tunnel Group consisted of two banks and five construction companies, while their French counterparts, France–Manche, consisted of three banks and five construction companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "On 2 July 1985, the groups formed Channel Tunnel Group/France–Manche (CTG/F–M)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "The design and construction was done by the ten construction companies in the CTG/F-M group."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "The French terminal and boring from Sangatte was done by the five French construction companies in the joint venture group GIE Transmanche Construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Earlier proposals",
"text": "In 1881, the British railway entrepreneur Sir Edward Watkin and Alexandre Lavalley, a French Suez Canal contractor, were in the Anglo-French Submarine Railway Company that conducted exploratory work on both sides of the Channel."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "The English Terminal and boring from Shakespeare Cliff was done by the five British construction companies in the Translink Joint Venture."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Earlier proposals",
"text": "In 1958 the 1881 workings were cleared in preparation for a £100,000 geological survey by the Channel Tunnel Study Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Initiation of project",
"text": "In June 1982 the Franco-British study group favoured a twin tunnel to accommodate conventional trains and a vehicle shuttle service."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Arrangement",
"text": "The role of the banks was to advise on financing and secure loan commitments."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Cost",
"text": "An initial equity of £45 million was raised by CTG/F-M, increased by £206 million private institutional placement, £770 million was raised in a public share offer that included press and television advertisements, a syndicated bank loan and letter of credit arranged £5 billion."
}
] |
The British Channel group consisted of 2 banks and 5 construtcion companies.
| 1 | 8 |
Channel Tunnel
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "To avoid leaving the drug in his locker, Raines carried it in his hip pocket, and slid headfirst when running the bases."
}
] |
bxNxtk8Odw7Tbx5Kd95s
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "He used cocaine before games, in his car, after games, and on some occasions between innings in the clubhouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "The baseball complex at Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida, Raines' alma mater, has been renamed Tim Raines Athletic Park in his honor, and Raines' number 22 has been retired at the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "At the end of the season, Raines entered treatment for substance abuse, having spent an estimated $40,000 that year on cocaine."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple had two children: Tim Jr. (\"Little Rock\"), and André (\"Little Hawk\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "On August 21, 2001, Raines and his son, Tim Raines Jr., became the first father-son pair to play against each other in an official professional baseball game, when the Lynx played the Rochester Red Wings (the two had faced each other earlier in the year during spring training)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "He also garnered MVP honors in the All-Star Game as he delivered a game-winning triple in the 13th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Raines finished the game with four hits in five at-bats, three runs, one walk, a stolen base, and a game-winning grand slam in the 10th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame candidacy",
"text": "He was eligible for election to the Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2008, and various sabermetricians and commentators had supported his induction prior to his being elected in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2013, Raines was elected into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a baseball player at Seminole, Raines stole home plate ten times."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "To avoid leaving the drug in his locker, Raines carried it in his hip pocket, and slid headfirst when running the bases."
}
] |
Tim Raines used to put cocaine in his baseball uniforms to hide it.
| 3 | 4 |
Tim Raines
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bell was born May 17, 1903, in Starkville, Mississippi to Jonas Bell and Mary Nichols."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Thomas \"Cool Papa\" Bell (May 17, 1903 – March 7, 1991) was an American center fielder in Negro league baseball from 1922 to 1946."
}
] |
bxsefCixkgO3bO9EjbwS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League",
"text": "We'd bunt and run in the first inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Thomas \"Cool Papa\" Bell (May 17, 1903 – March 7, 1991) was an American center fielder in Negro league baseball from 1922 to 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League",
"text": "Bell earned his nickname in his first Negro league season; he was referred to as \"Cool\" after striking out standout player Oscar Charleston and added \"Papa\" to the nickname because it sounded better."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to the United States",
"text": "Bell came back to the United States in 1942 to play for the Chicago American Giants of the Negro American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In his honor, Dickson Street, on which he lived, was renamed James \"Cool Papa\" Bell Avenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He is the subject of the song \"Cool Papa Bell\" on Paul Simon's 13th studio album Stranger to Stranger."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Cool Papa Bell Drive is the road leading into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in Jackson, of which he is a member."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to the United States",
"text": "As Paige noted in his autobiography, Maybe I'll Pitch Forever, \"If schools had known Cool Papa was around and if Cool Papa had known reading real good, he'd have made the best track man you ever saw."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bell was born May 17, 1903, in Starkville, Mississippi to Jonas Bell and Mary Nichols."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Negro National League and East-West League",
"text": "Bell described the style of play on the occasions when the Negro league players faced white teams in exhibitions: \"We played a different kind of baseball than the white teams."
}
] |
Cool Papa Bell was an American baseball player in the Negro League and was born in the South.
| 0 | 0 |
Cool Papa Bell
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass has been well received in Japan, selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes."
}
] |
bxywzGaH7ydJ5sXQ2Bm1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Code Geass has received best-selling success and broad critical acclaim since its release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass has been well received in Japan, selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (Japanese: コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Code Geass was broadcast in Japan on MBS from October 2006 to July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Since its premiere, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion has collected numerous awards and accolades."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Home video sales",
"text": "\" By August 2008, over 900,000 Code Geass discs had been sold in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Anime News Network's columnist Todd Ciolek attributes the soaring popularity of Code Geass to \"the series hitting every important fan sector\", with the audience appeal points ranging from a \"complex cast of characters and a fast-paced story, told with Goro Taniguchi's capable direction\" for \"general-interest fans\" to \"pretty and just-a-little-broken heroes\" for \"yaoi-buying female fans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Code Geass began as a concept developed at Sunrise by Ichirō Ōkouchi and Gorō Taniguchi, who proposed it"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In the 2009, Seiun Award, Code Geass R2 was a nominee in the category \"Best Media Award\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise."
}
] |
Code Geass received positive critics.
| 0 | 0 |
Code Geass
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (UK: , US: ; Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, romanized: Jamāl ʻAbdu n-Nāṣir Ḥusayn, Egyptian Arabic: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second President of Egypt, from 1954 until his death in 1970."
}
] |
bySPeQvItdmgsYofRa9G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Sabahi came in third place during the 2012 presidential election."
},
{
"section_header": "Nationalization of the Suez Canal",
"text": "Although ideas for nationalizing the Suez Canal were in the offing after the UK agreed to withdraw its military from Egypt in 1954 (the last British troops left on 13 June 1956), journalist Mohamed Hassanein Heikal asserts that Nasser made the final decision to nationalize the waterway between 19 and 20 July."
},
{
"section_header": "Pan-Arabism and socialism",
"text": "He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Road to presidency | Assuming chairmanship of RCC",
"text": "With his rivals neutralized, Nasser became the undisputed leader of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Upon returning to Khatatba, he learned that his mother had died after giving birth to his third brother, Shawki, and that his family had kept the news from him."
},
{
"section_header": "Nationalization of the Suez Canal",
"text": "US ambassador Henry A. Byroade stated, \"I cannot overemphasize [the] popularity of the Canal Company nationalization within Egypt, even among Nasser's enemies.\" Egyptian political scientist Mahmoud Hamad wrote that, prior to 1956, Nasser had consolidated control over Egypt's military and civilian bureaucracies, but it was only after the canal's nationalization that he gained near-total popular legitimacy and firmly established himself as the \"charismatic leader\" and \"spokesman for the masses not only in Egypt, but all over the Third World\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Nationalization of the Suez Canal | Suez Crisis",
"text": "British diplomat Anthony Nutting claimed the crisis \"established Nasser finally and completely\" as the rayyes (president) of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Nationalization of the Suez Canal | Suez Crisis",
"text": "A third infantry battalion and hundreds of national guardsmen were sent to the city as reinforcements, while two regular companies were dispatched to organize popular resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Road to presidency | 1956 constitution and presidency",
"text": "In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the \"cadre through which we will realize our revolution\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Modernization efforts and internal dissent | National Charter and second term",
"text": "During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (UK: , US: ; Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, romanized: Jamāl ʻAbdu n-Nāṣir Ḥusayn, Egyptian Arabic: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second President of Egypt, from 1954 until his death in 1970."
}
] |
Nasser was the third President of Egypt.
| 0 | 0 |
Gamal Abdel Nasser
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "A Czech mini-series was produced in 1999, with Jan Stastny in the titular role and Tereza Brodská as \"Leora Tozerova\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "The book's only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and Leora respectively."
}
] |
bzboKQC5kJT8BJQTAZAq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "Helen Hayes reprised her role as Leora in an hour-long adaptation on The Campbell Playhouse radio program along with Orson Welles as Arrowsmith."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "The book's only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and Leora respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "The program aired on February 3, 1939.Cavalcade of America presented a version on February 23, 1942 with Tyrone Power in the title role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrowsmith is an early major novel dealing with the culture of science."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrowsmith is a novel by American author Sinclair Lewis, first published in 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Pulitzer Prize",
"text": "In a letter to the committee, he wrote: I wish to acknowledge your choice of my novel Arrowsmith for the Pulitzer Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Martin Arrowsmith shares some biographical elements with Félix d'Herelle, who is identified in the novel as a co-discoverer of the bacteriophage and represented as having beaten Arrowsmith into publication with his results."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "In fact, the name was initially rejected because they thought drummer Joey Kramer got the name from the Lewis novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "It was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Adapted Screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Arrowsmith tells the story of bright and scientifically minded Martin Arrowsmith as he makes his way from a small town in the Midwest to the upper echelons of the scientific community. (He is born in Elk Mills, Winnemac, the same fictional state in which several of Lewis's other novels are set.) Along the way he experiences medical school."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio and television adaptations",
"text": "A Czech mini-series was produced in 1999, with Jan Stastny in the titular role and Tereza Brodská as \"Leora Tozerova\"."
}
] |
Arrowsmith the novel was only adapted tv program.
| 3 | 5 |
Arrowsmith (novel)
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The towers are prominently featured and mentioned by name in the 1999 film Entrapment, with numerous scenes filmed at the towers, with the climax set on the skybridge."
}
] |
c03nZryR6rikGQR5ihot
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The towers are prominently featured and mentioned by name in the 1999 film Entrapment, with numerous scenes filmed at the towers, with the climax set on the skybridge."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Don: The Chase Begins Again were also filmed in the Petronas Towers and its skybridge."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Several scenes of the Bollywood film"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The opening of the 2010 film Fair Game had scenes with the twin towers along with the skyline of Kuala Lumpur."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2016 film Independence Day: Resurgence, the towers are dropped onto the London Tower Bridge by aliens, with a character commenting: \"They like to get the landmarks\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "A number of scenes for the 2012 Hong Kong-Chinese action film Viral Factor included shots of the twin towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "A1-A6 (Tower 1) & A7-A12 (Tower 2)(Bank"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61, 69-83 E1-E3 (Tower 1) & E4-E6 (Tower 2)(Bank E Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61-73 TE1-TE2 (Tower 1) & TE3-TE4 (Tower 2)(Upper Level Passenger Lift): 83, 85, 86 SH1-SH5 (Tower 1) & SH6-SH10 (Tower 2)(Shuttle Lift) : G/1, 41/42"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The skybridge also acts as a safety device, so that in the event of a fire or other emergency in one tower, tenants can evacuate by crossing the skybridge to the other tower."
}
] |
The towers are mentioned by name in the film Entrapment.
| 3 | 5 |
Petronas Towers
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was 13 years old, Fox began modeling after winning several awards at the 1999 American Modeling and Talent Convention in Hilton Head, South Carolina."
}
] |
c0EkmsBqAjhT0SnT4bEz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Megan Denise Fox (born May 16, 1986) is an American actress and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was 13 years old, Fox began modeling after winning several awards at the 1999 American Modeling and Talent Convention in Hilton Head, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Media exposure",
"text": "It also positioned her as a potential role model, and later led to her being typecast."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Media exposure",
"text": "She rejected being a formal role model, but said that she could make young girls feel \"strong and intelligent and be outspoken and fight for what they think is right\" and that she was a different role model for girls that maybe America was not comfortable with."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 17, she tested out of school via correspondence in order to move to Los Angeles, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fox began her training in dance and drama at age five, in Kingston, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "Her tattoos, which she began getting at age 19 as a form of self-expression, helped popularize tattoo fashion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and upcoming roles",
"text": "She played a lead role as Marguerite Higgins, an American news reporter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and breakthrough with Transformers",
"text": "There was some controversy surrounding Fox's appearance while filming the sequel when Michael Bay, the film's director, ordered the actress to gain 10 pounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Megan Fox was born on May 16, 1986 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to parents Gloria Darlene (Cisson) and Franklin Thomas Fox."
}
] |
American actress and model Megan Fox began her modeling career at the age of 17.
| 0 | 0 |
Megan Fox
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on Ian McEwan's 2001 novel of the same name."
}
] |
c1Db0B7J5nEz6Aed7H70
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Decades later, Briony is an elderly and successful novelist, giving an interview about her latest book, an autobiographical novel titled Atonement."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Atonement also ranks 442nd on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on Ian McEwan's 2001 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "The second script was closer to the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "In an interview, Wright states, \"It's important for me to work with the same people."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She confesses that the scene in the book describing her visit and apology to Cecilia and Robbie was entirely imaginary."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "After reading McEwan's book, Hampton, who had previously undertaken many adaptations, was inspired to adapt it into a script for a feature film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "McAvoy is singled out: “His performance as Robbie Turner, the son of a housekeeper at a country estate, raised with ambitions but appallingly wronged, holds the movie together.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In the film review television program, At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper, Richard Roeper gave the film \"thumbs up\", adding that Knightley gave \"one of her best performances\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"On a more positive note, The New York Observer's Rex Reed considers Atonement his \"favorite film of the year\", deeming it \"everything a true lover of literature and movies could possibly hope for\", and particularly singling out McAvoy as \"the film's star in an honest, heart-rending performance of strength and integrity that overcomes the romantic slush it might have been\", and praising Ronan as a \"staggeringly assured youngster\", while being underwhelmed by a \"serenely bland Keira Knightley\"."
}
] |
Atonement is a movie constructed from a book with the same title.
| 0 | 0 |
Atonement (film)
|
Literature
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism",
"text": "However, in utopias, the projection of the myth does not take place towards the remote past but either towards the future or towards distant and fictional places, imagining that at some time in the future, at some point in space, or beyond death, there must exist the possibility of living happily."
}
] |
c1hq0UwYJCU6pwkt8CXg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "People all over the world organized and built intentional communities with the hope of developing a better way of living together."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism",
"text": "However, in utopias, the projection of the myth does not take place towards the remote past but either towards the future or towards distant and fictional places, imagining that at some time in the future, at some point in space, or beyond death, there must exist the possibility of living happily."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Feminism",
"text": "Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 1915 novel approaches this type of separate society."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism | Schlaraffenland",
"text": "All these myths also express some hope that the idyllic state of affairs they describe is not irretrievably and irrevocably lost to mankind, that it can be regained in some way or other."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties",
"text": "These mercenaries were deliberately sent into dangerous situations in the hope that the more warlike populations of all surrounding countries will be weeded out, leaving peaceful peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Ecological",
"text": "These works perceive a widening gap between the modern Western way of living that destroys nature and a more traditional way of living before industrialization."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Religious utopias",
"text": "In the United States and Europe, during the Second Great Awakening (ca. 1790–1840) and thereafter, many radical religious groups formed utopian societies in which faith could govern all aspects of members' lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "The communes of the 1960s in the United States often represented an attempt to greatly improve the way humans live together in communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "Communes like Kaliflower, which existed between 1967 and 1973, attempted to live outside of society's norms and to create their own ideal communalist society."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Science and technology",
"text": "Technology has affected the way humans have lived to such an extent that normal functions, like sleep, eating or even reproduction, have been replaced by artificial means."
}
] |
In utopias the forecast is approaching the destiny and the hope of living happily.
| 1 | 7 |
Utopia
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a pitcher for five different franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB) in a career that spanned twenty years."
}
] |
c2kCvi3z9yIe3VvkFjiy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Arthur \"Dazzy\" Vance (March 4, 1891 – February 16, 1961) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a pitcher for five different franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB) in a career that spanned twenty years."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "However, just a week later commenting for a newspaper article, Vance said that he did not recommend baseball as a career to young men."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "On September 12, 1934, Vance hit his seventh and final major league home run at 43 years and 6 months, the 2nd oldest pitcher to do so to this day."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Vance led the league in ERA three times, wins twice, and established a National League record by leading the league in strikeouts in seven consecutive years (1922–1928)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Vance was involved in one of the most famous flubs in baseball history, the \"three men on third\" incident during the 1926 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, it took several years before he established himself as a major league player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played semipro baseball there, then signed on with a minor league baseball team out of Red Cloud, Nebraska, a member of the Nebraska State League, in 1912."
}
] |
Vance had a professional baseball career for 20 years.
| 1 | 6 |
Dazzy Vance
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part I",
"text": "Lawrence is then stunned to discover that the culprit is Gasim, the very man whom he risked his own life to save in the desert, but Lawrence shoots him anyway."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part I",
"text": "One of Ali's men, Gasim, succumbs to fatigue and falls off his camel unnoticed during the night."
}
] |
c3W0aLzowV7V778UOIjO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "During the filming of the Aqaba scene, O'Toole was nearly killed when he fell from his camel, but it fortunately stood over him, preventing the horses of the extras from trampling him."
},
{
"section_header": "Later film",
"text": "In 1990, the made-for-television film A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia was aired."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part II",
"text": "Lawrence takes up the dead man's battle cry; the result is a slaughter in which Lawrence himself participates."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part II",
"text": "Lawrence launches a guerrilla war by blowing up trains and harassing the Turks at every turn."
},
{
"section_header": "Later film",
"text": "It depicts events in the lives of Lawrence and Faisal subsequent to Lawrence of Arabia and featured Ralph Fiennes as Lawrence and Alexander Siddig as Prince Faisal."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part II",
"text": "Unwilling to leave him to be tortured by the enemy, Lawrence shoots him dead before he flees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part I",
"text": "Lawrence is then stunned to discover that the culprit is Gasim, the very man whom he risked his own life to save in the desert, but Lawrence shoots him anyway."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Guinness was made up to look as much like the real Faisal as possible; he recorded in his diaries that, while shooting in Jordan, he met several people who had known Faisal who actually mistook him for the late prince."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Representation of Lawrence",
"text": "Even during the war, Lowell Thomas wrote in With Lawrence in Arabia that he could take pictures of him only by tricking him, but Lawrence later agreed to pose for several photos for Thomas's stage show."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part I",
"text": "One of Ali's men, Gasim, succumbs to fatigue and falls off his camel unnoticed during the night."
}
] |
In the film Lawrence of Arabia, Lawrence ends up shooting the person who fell off his camel.
| 0 | 0 |
Lawrence of Arabia (film)
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate."
}
] |
c3fDVIl7RdVuaMPSlD9O
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "The moraine landscape of northern Poland contains soils made up mostly of sand or loam, while the ice age river valleys of the south often contain loess."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Poland is a representative democracy, with a president as the head of state."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Summers are generally warm, with average temperatures between 18 and 30 °C (64.4 and 86.0 °F) depending on the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Communications",
"text": "It was created on 18 October 1558, when King Sigismund II Augustus established a permanent postal route from Kraków to Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war communism",
"text": "Despite this, Poland was at the time considered to be one of the least oppressive states of the Eastern Bloc."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The origins of Polish music can be traced to the 13th century; manuscripts have been found in Stary Sącz containing polyphonic compositions related to the Parisian Notre Dame School."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Poland's banking sector has approximately 5 national banks, a network of nearly 600 cooperative banks and 18 branches of foreign-owned banks."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "In 2013, Poland scored 48 out of 129 states in the Energy Sustainability Index."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jagiellon dynasty",
"text": "Poland was developing as a feudal state, with a predominantly agricultural economy and an increasingly powerful landed nobility."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Land use",
"text": "The richness of Polish forest (per SoEF 2011 statistics) is more than twice as high as European average (with Germany and France at the top), containing 2.304 billion cubic metres of trees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate."
}
] |
Poland contains 18 states.
| 0 | 4 |
Poland
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group comprises Melanie Brown, also known as Mel B (\"Scary Spice\"), Melanie Chisholm, also known as Mel C (\"Sporty Spice\"), Emma Bunton (\"Baby Spice\"), Geri Halliwell (\"Ginger Spice\") and Victoria Beckham (\"Posh Spice\")."
}
] |
c3mEcgedBht33h0TUc76
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Girl power",
"text": "\"In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band."
},
{
"section_header": "Band history | 1996–1997: Spice and breakthrough",
"text": "Do You Think You Are\" was released in Europe, the last from Spice, which once again saw them at number one, making the Spice Girls the first group in history since the Jackson 5 to have four consecutive number one hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Girl power",
"text": "The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore."
},
{
"section_header": "Band history | 2016–present: Second reunion",
"text": "On 5 November 2018, Brown, Bunton, Chisholm and Halliwell announced a tour for 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Band history | 2007–2008: Return of the Spice Girls and Greatest Hits",
"text": "The group's comeback single, \"Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)\" , was announced as the official Children in Need charity single for 2007 and was released 5 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Pop music scene",
"text": "The modern pop phenomenon that the Spice Girls created by targeting early members of Generation Y was credited with changing the global music landscape, bringing about the global wave of late-1990s and early-2000s teen pop acts such as Hanson, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and NSYNC.The Spice Girls have also been credited with paving the way for the girl groups and female pop singers that have come after them."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Girl power",
"text": "Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2001, prints adverts featuring a parody of the Spice Girls, along with other British music icons consisting of the Beatles, Elton John, Freddie Mercury and the Rolling Stones, were used in the Eurostar national advertising campaign in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Career records and achievements",
"text": "In addition to this, the Spice Girls also achieved the highest-ever annual earnings by an all-female group in 1998 with an income of £29.6 million (approximately US$49 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact and legacy | Pop music scene",
"text": "During her 2005 \"Reflections\" concert series, Filipina superstar Regine Velasquez performed a medley of Spice Girls songs consisting of \"Wannabe\", \"Say You'll Be There\", \"2 Become 1\", \" Who Do You Think You Are\" and \"Holler\", as a tribute to the band she says were a major influence on her music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group comprises Melanie Brown, also known as Mel B (\"Scary Spice\"), Melanie Chisholm, also known as Mel C (\"Sporty Spice\"), Emma Bunton (\"Baby Spice\"), Geri Halliwell (\"Ginger Spice\") and Victoria Beckham (\"Posh Spice\")."
}
] |
The Spice Girls consisted of 5 female members.
| 0 | 0 |
Spice Girls
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Versions in the late 20th and 21st centuries combine both portions into one book, under the title Little Women, with the later-written portion marked as Part 2, as this Bantam Classic paperback edition, initially published in 1983 typifies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869."
}
] |
c3rQKQ0no29eqrSbPMlE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The British influence, giving Part 2 its own title, Good Wives, has the book still published in two volumes, with Good Wives beginning three years after Little Women ends, especially in the UK and Canada, but also with some US editions."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Some editions listed under Little Women appear to include both parts, especially in the audio book versions."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Whether it ever rises again, depends upon the reception given the first act of the domestic drama called Little Women.\" Alcott delivered the manuscript for the second volume on New Year's Day 1869, just three months after publication of part one."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "This split of the two volumes also shows at Goodreads, which refers to the books as the Little Women series, including Little Women, Good Wives, Little Men and Jo's Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Part 2, Chapter 24 opens with \"In order that we may start afresh and go to Meg's wedding with free minds, it will be well to begin with a little gossip about the Marches.\" Editions published in the 21st century may be the original text unaltered, the original text with illustrations, the original text annotated for the reader (explaining terms of 1868–69"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "that are less common now), the original text modernized and abridged, or the original text abridged."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "There are 23 chapters in Part 1 and 47 chapters in the complete book."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Versions in the late 20th and 21st centuries combine both portions into one book, under the title Little Women, with the later-written portion marked as Part 2, as this Bantam Classic paperback edition, initially published in 1983 typifies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Little Women was well received upon first publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The first volume of Little Women was published in 1868 by Roberts Brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869."
}
] |
The original publication of the book, Little Women was done in three parts.
| 0 | 2 |
Little Women
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Miller was diagnosed with liver cancer in August 2012."
}
] |
c499IlXsmABERp8keD9e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In a statement, Michael Weiner, the executive director of the MLBPA, said: It is with profound sorrow that we announce the passing of Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Miller was diagnosed with liver cancer in August 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Marvin Miller kicked their butts and took power away from the baseball establishment—do you really think those people are going to vote him in?"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Prior to his time, they had few rights."
},
{
"section_header": "Curt Flood",
"text": "From April 1 through April 13, the ballplayers simply stayed away from the ballparks while Miller negotiated with the owners."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "That's the least they owe Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Therefore Marvin Miller should be in the Hall of Fame on that basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Theresa predeceased Marvin. Peter Miller, his son, represented the baseball players in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Marvin Miller was succeeded in 1985 by Donald Fehr, who had joined the Major League Baseball Players Association as general counsel in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1997, the MLB Players Association created the Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award as one of its annual \"Players Choice Awards\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan."
}
] |
Marvin Miller passed away from cancer only a few months after he discovered he had it.
| 1 | 8 |
Marvin Miller
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Milestones",
"text": "Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan."
}
] |
c4DSSr8qBFyytkZQx3Iv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Milestones",
"text": "Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building was originally named Burj Dubai but was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception",
"text": "It was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the federal government of UAE lent Dubai tens of billions of US dollars so that Dubai could pay its debts – Dubai borrowed at least $80 billion for construction projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "Subsequently, in a surprise move at its opening ceremony, the tower was renamed Burj Khalifa, said to honour the UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan for his crucial support."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "With Dubai mired in debt from its huge ambitions, the government was forced to seek multibillion dollar bailouts from its oil-rich neighbor Abu Dhabi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sheikh Khalifa, the ruler of the United Arab Emirates, granted monetary aid and funding, hence resulting in the changing of the name to \"Burj Khalifa\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception",
"text": "According to officials, it was necessary for projects like Burj Khalifa to be built in order to garner more international recognition, and hence investment. \" He (Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum) wanted to put Dubai on the map with something really sensational,\" said Jacqui Josephson, a tourism and VIP delegations executive at Nakheel Properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | BASE jumping",
"text": "On 8 January 2010, with permission of the authorities, Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Al Hegelan, from the Emirates Aviation Society, broke the world record for the highest BASE jump from a building after they leapt from a crane-suspended platform attached to the 160th floor at 672 m (2,205 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The building officially opened on 4 January 2010 and is part of the 2 km2 (490-acre) Downtown Dubai development at the 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower."
}
] |
It was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
| 1 | 5 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A popular contract player, she frequently played the leading lady, her roles including starring alongside William Hopper in Public Wedding (1937), Ronald Reagan and Eddie Albert in Brother Rat (1938) and its sequel Brother Rat and a Baby (1940), Dennis Morgan in Bad Men of Missouri (1941), Marlene Dietrich in Stage Fright (1950), and Sterling Hayden in So Big (1953)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "That same year, she began a radio singing career, calling herself Jane Durrell and adding years to her birth date to work legally because she was under-aged."
}
] |
c4tHQWbKh6KaUtnGr3Lm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Later life",
"text": "Wyman married five times. After Falcon Crest ended, Wyman made a guest appearance on the CBS series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman and then completely retired from acting, spending her retirement painting and entertaining friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "That same year, she began a radio singing career, calling herself Jane Durrell and adding years to her birth date to work legally because she was under-aged."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Universal melodramas and television",
"text": "Wyman began a TV series Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre (1955–58)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Semi-retirement | Falcon Crest",
"text": "After Falcon Crest, Wyman acted only once more, playing Jane Seymour's screen mother in a 1993 episode of Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Semi-retirement | Falcon Crest",
"text": "For her role as Angela Channing, Wyman was nominated for a Soap Opera Digest Award five times (for Outstanding Actress in a Leading Role and for Outstanding Villainess: Prime Time Serial), and was also nominated for a Golden Globe award in 1983 and 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Warner Bros.",
"text": "She had the lead in Little Pioneer (1937), a short, and parts in The Singing Marine (1937)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A popular contract player, she frequently played the leading lady, her roles including starring alongside William Hopper in Public Wedding (1937), Ronald Reagan and Eddie Albert in Brother Rat (1938) and its sequel Brother Rat and a Baby (1940), Dennis Morgan in Bad Men of Missouri (1941), Marlene Dietrich in Stage Fright (1950), and Sterling Hayden in So Big (1953)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wyman's professional career began at age 16 in 1933, when she signed with Warner Bros. Wyman followed common practice at the time when she added three years to her age."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Dramatic star",
"text": "She was leading lady for Dennis Morgan in Cheyenne (1947) and James Stewart in RKO's Magic Town (1947)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Universal melodramas and television",
"text": "I kept telling myself 'I didn't want to play Whatever Happened to Baby Jane.\" So she went into semi retirement around 1962."
}
] |
Jane Wyman, who was married five times, began a singing career before she started acting where she frequently played the leading lady.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Wyman
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It comprises two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "around 600 smaller islands, covering a total area of 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi)."
}
] |
c4yzWQshokOw3cNegAxi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "New Zealand is located near the centre of the water hemisphere and is made up of two main islands and a number of smaller islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It comprises two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and"
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations and military",
"text": "New Zealand has a strong presence among the Pacific Island countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "The South Island is the largest landmass of New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "The term Oceania is often used to denote the wider region encompassing the Australian continent, New Zealand and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven-continent model."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "The two main islands (the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu) are separated by Cook Strait, 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide at its narrowest point."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Climate",
"text": "The southern and southwestern parts of the South Island have a cooler and cloudier climate, with around 1,400–1,600 hours; the northern and northeastern parts of the South Island are the sunniest areas of the country and receive about 2,400–2,500 hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Māori had several traditional names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui (the fish of Māui) for the North Island and Te Waipounamu (the waters of greenstone) or Te Waka o Aoraki (the canoe of Aoraki) for the South Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "around 600 smaller islands, covering a total area of 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi)."
}
] |
New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, comprises two main landmasses, and about 300 smaller islands.
| 0 | 0 |
New Zealand
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on his earlier short story \"Phineas\", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work."
}
] |
c5gXpW2sM5XD2J6sbSMy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Gene Forrester: A Separate Peace is told from Gene's point of view."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on his earlier short story \"Phineas\", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set against the backdrop of World War II, A Separate Peace explores morality, patriotism, and loss of innocence through its narrator, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "Though frequently taught in U.S. high schools, curricula related to A Separate Peace typically ignore a possible homoerotic reading in favor of engaging with the book as a historical novel or coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Finny at first dismisses Gene's attempts to apologize, but he soon realizes that the \"accident\" was impulsive and not premeditated or anger based."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Back in the present, an older Gene muses on peace, war, and enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One of Finny's ideas during their \"gypsy summer\" of 1942 is to create a \"Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session\", with Gene and himself as charter members."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Gene and Finny's friendship goes through a period of one-sided rivalry during which Gene strives to out-do Finny academically since he believes Finny is trying to out-do him athletically."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "On his way out, a still injured Finny falls down a flight of stairs (the same ones that Gene visits at the beginning of the novel) and again breaks the leg he had shattered before."
}
] |
A Separate Peace is based on the author's short tale that was in a magazine.
| 0 | 0 |
A Separate Peace
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ruth met Helen Woodford (1897–1929), by some accounts, in a coffee shop in Boston where she was a waitress, and they were married as teenagers on October 17, 1914."
}
] |
c6AnnMp3kApxCVmnySVK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They adopted a daughter, Dorothy (1921–1989), in 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league, Baltimore Orioles",
"text": "Ruth pitched the middle three innings and gave up two runs in the fourth, but then settled down and pitched a scoreless fifth and sixth innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Emergence as a hitter",
"text": "The Cubs tied the game in the eighth inning, but the Red Sox scored to take a 3–2 lead again in the bottom of that inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Developing star",
"text": "Ruth started and won Game 2, 2–1, in 14 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On April 17, 1929 (only three months after the death of his first wife) Ruth married actress and model Claire Merritt Hodgson (1897–1976) and adopted her daughter Julia (1916–2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Developing star",
"text": "Ruth took a 3–2 lead into the ninth, but lost the game 4–3 in 13 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league, Baltimore Orioles",
"text": "He played shortstop and pitched the last two innings of a 15–9 victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | New York Yankees (1920–1934) | \"Called shot\" and final Yankee years (1929–1934)",
"text": "They were briefly silenced when Ruth hit a three-run home run off Charlie Root in the first inning, but soon revived, and the Cubs tied the score at 4–4 in the fourth inning, partly due to Ruth's fielding error in the outfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Developing star",
"text": "Two of Ruth's victories were by the score of 1–0, one in a 13-inning game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Emergence as a hitter",
"text": "After Ruth gave up a hit and a walk to start the ninth inning, he was relieved on the mound by Joe Bush."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ruth met Helen Woodford (1897–1929), by some accounts, in a coffee shop in Boston where she was a waitress, and they were married as teenagers on October 17, 1914."
}
] |
Ruth did not get married till he was in his 20's and he adopted a son in 1921.
| 4 | 7 |
Babe Ruth
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Warren Junior High School, Bakersfield, California (Warren's hometown) Earl Warren Middle School, Solana Beach, California Warren Elementary School, Garden Grove, California Earl Warren Elementary School, Lake Elsinore, California"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Earl Warren is portrayed in the following films: 2016: Oscar-nominated Loving (2016)."
}
] |
c6rgT04QSyRBjWZgldoV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "Earl Warren was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "On the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, Warren's alma mater, \"Earl Warren Hall\" is named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of California | National politics, 1942–1952",
"text": "Warren's decision to support a convention rule that unseated several contested delegations was critical to Eisenhower's victory; Eisenhower himself said that \"if anyone ever clinched the nomination for me, it was Earl Warren."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Warren Junior High School, Bakersfield, California (Warren's hometown) Earl Warren Middle School, Solana Beach, California Warren Elementary School, Garden Grove, California Earl Warren Elementary School, Lake Elsinore, California"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "The Earl Warren Showgrounds in Santa Barbara, California"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Earl Warren was the second of two children, after his older sister, Ethel."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "The Earl Warren chapter of the American Inns of Court, Alameda County, California"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and honors",
"text": "In 1977, Fourth College, one of the six undergraduate colleges at the University of California, San Diego, was renamed Earl Warren College in his honor, and the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at UCSD is also named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Earl Warren is portrayed in the following films: 2016: Oscar-nominated Loving (2016)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "In 1958, Martin Luther King Jr. sent one copy of his newly published book, Stride Toward Freedom, to Chief Justice Earl Warren, writing on the first free end page:To: Justice Earl Warren."
}
] |
Earl Warren's character was awarded.
| 0 | 0 |
Earl Warren
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Factions | Stanleys",
"text": "When Richard executed those conspirators who had been unable to flee England, he spared Lady Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Factions | Stanleys",
"text": "However, he declared her titles forfeit and transferred her estates to Stanley's name, to be held in trust for the Yorkist crown."
}
] |
c6zmlXpTITWKEaanJpjL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Factions | Stanleys",
"text": "Furthermore, having taken Lady Margaret as his second wife in June 1472, Stanley was Henry Tudor's stepfather, a relationship which did nothing to win him Richard's favour."
},
{
"section_header": "Factions | Stanleys",
"text": "Immediately before the Battle of Bosworth, being wary of Stanley, Richard took his son, Lord Strange, as hostage to discourage him from joining Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Factions | Stanleys",
"text": "When Richard executed those conspirators who had been unable to flee England, he spared Lady Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Factions | Stanleys",
"text": "Lord Stanley's relations with the king's brother, the eventual Richard III, were not cordial."
},
{
"section_header": "Factions | Stanleys",
"text": "However, he declared her titles forfeit and transferred her estates to Stanley's name, to be held in trust for the Yorkist crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield location | Rediscovered battlefield and possible battle scenario",
"text": "It was here, on what came to be known as Crown Hill (the closest elevated ground to the fighting), that Lord Stanley crowned Henry Tudor after Richard was killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-battle",
"text": "According to Vergil, Henry's official historian, Lord Stanley found the circlet."
},
{
"section_header": "Engagement",
"text": "As Henry's army advanced past the marsh at the southwestern foot of the hill, Richard sent a message to Stanley, threatening to execute his son, Lord Strange, if Stanley did not join the attack on Henry immediately."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-battle",
"text": "Parliament's declaration of Margaret as femme sole effectively empowered her; she no longer needed to manage her estates through Stanley."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lord Thomas Stanley and Sir William Stanley also brought a force to the battlefield, but held back while they decided which side it would be most advantageous to support."
}
] |
Richard the Third let the wife of Lord Stanley, Margaret, keep her titles.
| 0 | 3 |
Battle of Bosworth Field
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "Like most Mughal tombs, the basic elements are Persian in origin."
}
] |
c71doDu5EpxZLdtaf3JC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "Like most Mughal tombs, the basic elements are Persian in origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Garden",
"text": "Most Mughal charbaghs are rectangular with a tomb or pavilion in the centre."
},
{
"section_header": "Later days",
"text": "i munawwara (Perso-Arabic: روضه منواره rawdah-"
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The main finial was originally made of gold but was replaced by a copy made of gilded bronze in the early 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Garden",
"text": "The Taj Mahal garden is unusual in that the main element, the tomb, is located at the end of the garden."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The most spectacular feature is the marble dome that surmounts the tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Garden",
"text": "They changed the landscaping to their liking which more closely resembled the formal lawns of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The tomb is the central focus of the entire complex of the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "Their columned bases open through the roof of the tomb and provide light to the interior."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "This feature provides a clear example of integration of traditional Persian and Hindu decorative elements."
}
] |
The basic elements of the tomb are Arabic in origin like most Mughal tombs.
| 3 | 5 |
Taj Mahal
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Hunter became known as baseball's \"first big-money free agent\"."
}
] |
c92AJ0gr4JotO6NVjova
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is often referred to as baseball's first big-money free agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Hunter became known as baseball's \"first big-money free agent\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Free agency",
"text": "Hunter recalled being scared after he was declared a free agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Free agency",
"text": "Twenty days later on December 16, arbitrator Peter Seitz decided in favor of Hunter, officially making him a free agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "Hunter is mentioned in the 1976 film The Bad News Bears."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "In You, Me and Dupree, Catfish Hunter is mentioned by Owen Wilson's character, Dupree, convincing an Asian orchestra student that he can pitch: \" First, call me Dupree 'cause I'm your teammate."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Free agency",
"text": "On February 11, 1974, Hunter agreed with the A's on a two-year, $200,000 contract with a clause stipulating that $50,000 payments be made to a life insurance annuity of his choosing in each of the two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Free agency",
"text": "After Finley refused to make payment on the annuity after discovering he had to pay $25,000 in taxes which was due immediately, the breach of contract dispute was brought before an arbitration hearing on November 26, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Free agency",
"text": "\"We don't belong to anybody\", he told his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "So was Catfish Hunter.\" Minor-league pitcher Jason Kosow portrayed Hunter in the ESPN miniseries"
}
] |
Hunter was frequently mentioned as baseball's 1st big-money free agent.
| 2 | 4 |
Catfish Hunter
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary | Victor Frankenstein's narrative",
"text": "Born in Naples, Italy, into a wealthy Genevan family, Victor and his brothers, Ernest and William, all three being sons of Alphonse Frankenstein by the former Caroline Beaufort, are encouraged to seek a greater understanding of the world through chemistry."
}
] |
c9Tqi6n2al2GvsYLe0jJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Ernest – Victor's brother. Seven years younger than Victor."
},
{
"section_header": "Films, plays, and television",
"text": "1971 : Lady Frankenstein is an Italian horror film directed by Mel Welles and written by Edward di Lorenzo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Victor Frankenstein's narrative",
"text": "When Victor is five years old, his parents adopt Elizabeth Lavenza, the orphaned daughter of an expropriated Italian nobleman, with whom Victor later falls in love."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Victor Frankenstein's narrative",
"text": "Born in Naples, Italy, into a wealthy Genevan family, Victor and his brothers, Ernest and William, all three being sons of Alphonse Frankenstein by the former Caroline Beaufort, are encouraged to seek a greater understanding of the world through chemistry."
}
] |
Ernest is not Italian.
| 0 | 0 |
Frankenstein
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (July 19, 1921 – May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique."
}
] |
c9ntHbb7eQhPfRKZKKVJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was born in the Bronx, New York, the daughter of Clara (née Zipper) and Simon Sussman, and was raised in a Jewish household."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "The month after graduating from Hunter College in January 1941, Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was offered a teaching assistantship in the physics department of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | College",
"text": "She did not believe that any respectable graduate school would admit and financially support a woman, so she took another job as a secretary to Michael Heidelberger, another biochemist at Columbia, who hired her on the condition that she studied stenography."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Instead, Yalow decided to study physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (July 19, 1921 – May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "She never became an advocate for women's organizations in the field of science."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1968, Yalow was appointed Research Professor in the Department of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, where she later became the Solomon Berson Distinguished Professor at Large."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "The following year she became the first female recipient and first nuclear physicist of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "A fitting title for Rosalyn Yalow may well be \"the Mother of Endocrinology.\" Yalow was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to Portugal, which is an American scholarship program of competitive, merit-based grants that sponsor participants for exchanges in all areas of endeavor, including the sciences, business, academe, public service, government and the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "One of these mentees, Dr. Narayana Panicker Kochupillai, went on to become a leading endocrinology researcher in India, studying thyroid hormones and iodine deficiency."
}
] |
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow became is most known and respected for her breakthroughs in X-rays and studies of bacteria.
| 0 | 0 |
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their sons are Dashiell John Upton (born 2001), Roman Robert Upton (born 2004), Ignatius Martin Upton (born 2008), and daughter Edith Vivian Patricia Upton (adopted in 2015)."
}
] |
c9sXA3UbO3FJEYFDX1OY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple have four children: three sons and one daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After making Brighton, England their main family home for nearly 10 years, she and her husband returned to their native Australia in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 2006, Blanchett attributed this move to desires to select a permanent home for her children, to be closer to her family, and to have a sense of belonging to the Australian theatrical community."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their sons are Dashiell John Upton (born 2001), Roman Robert Upton (born 2004), Ignatius Martin Upton (born 2008), and daughter Edith Vivian Patricia Upton (adopted in 2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Upon returning to Australia, and after working in the pocket theatres of Melbourne, including La Mama, she moved to Sydney, and enrolled at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present",
"text": "In 2017, Blanchett also appeared in Malick's Song to Song, shot back-to-back with Knight of Cups in 2012, and portrayed the villain Hela in the Marvel Studios film Thor: Ragnarok, directed by Taika Waititi."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2012–2016",
"text": "Allen's daughter Dylan Farrow has since criticized Blanchett and other actresses for working with Allen."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Blanchett said that she and her husband had been wanting to adopt ever since the birth of their first child."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–2000",
"text": "The short was written and directed by her husband, Andrew Upton, and produced by Blanchett and Upton."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Blanchett spoke at former Prime Minister of Australia"
}
] |
Cate Blanchett is moved back to Australia with her husband, three sons, and one daughter in 2006.
| 1 | 3 |
Cate Blanchett
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The novel Journey to the West was based on historical events."
}
] |
c9vWxfFX0SG2BthfpORy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Journey to the West was thought to have been written and published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; pinyin: Xī Yóu Jì) is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "In 1997, Brooklyn-based jazz composer Fred Ho premiered his jazz opera Journey To The East, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, which he developed into what he described as a \"serial fantasy action-adventure music/theater epic,” Journey Beyond the West: The New Adventures of Monkey based upon Wu Cheng’en's 16th-century novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The novel Journey to the West was based on historical events."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Journey to the West (Chinese: 西遊記"
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "What the gazetteer says is that Wu wrote something called The Journey to the West."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "The brief satirical novel Xiyoubu (西游补, \"A Supplement to the Journey to the West\", c. 1640) follows Sun Wukong as he is trapped in a magical dream world created by the Qing Fish Demon, the embodiment of desire (情, qing)."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "The series, which is based on Journey to the West, is made up 10 half-hour episodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "Journey to the West (1982–1984), a complete translation in four volumes by William John Francis Jenner."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Hu Shih, literary scholar and former Ambassador to the United States, wrote that the people of Wu's hometown attributed it early on to Wu, and kept records to that effect as early as 1625; thus, claimed Ambassador Hu, Journey to the West was one of the earliest Chinese novels for which the authorship is officially documented."
}
] |
Journey to the West is a novel from in the 16th century was written about factual occurrences.
| 3 | 6 |
Journey to the West
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith."
}
] |
cA2gn1ZCn32CoygUkYc9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Spin-off",
"text": "To date, The Originals: The Awakening is the only web series in The Vampire Diaries universe."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Now there is a spin-off called The Originals, that goes into depth about the original vampire family from The Vampire Diaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-off",
"text": "Daniel Gillies as Elijah, Claire Holt as Rebekah, and Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley will also continue to play their characters, originally from The Vampire Diaries, in the new spin-off series."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Many TV critics felt the series improved with each episode."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"as with several other shows that focus on the supernatural,\" The Vampire Diaries was \"slightly more popular outside of cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-in material",
"text": "On October 31, 2013, DC Comics launched a comic book series based on the TV show."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-off",
"text": "Michael Trevino made a special cameo on episodes of The Originals, \"Bloodletting\" and \"The River In Reverse.\" Joseph Morgan, Daniel Gillies, and Claire Holt returned to The Vampire Diaries in a special cameo on the series' 100th episode \"500 Years of Solitude\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "The series premiere of The Vampire Diaries on September 10, 2009, gave The CW its biggest series premiere, scoring 4.91 million viewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "\"Rank\" refers to how The Vampire Diaries rated compared to the other television series, which aired during prime time hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-off",
"text": "The Originals is about the Mikaelson siblings, who are the original family of vampires, and their take-over of the French Quarter of New Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith."
}
] |
The Vampire Diaries was an original idea for a TV series.
| 0 | 0 |
The Vampire Diaries
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals."
}
] |
cAEI6fcN1GNx32FTMvNA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "The agreement prompted a press conference at Busch Stadium on June 19, 1996, during which Smith announced he would retire from baseball at season's end."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Meanwhile, manager Tony La Russa began his first season with the Cardinals in tandem with a new ownership group."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Instead, Smith and his agent negotiated a compromise with Cardinals management, agreeing to a buyout of special provisions in his contract in conjunction with Smith announcing his retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "The Cardinals also failed to win Game 6 or Game 7 in Atlanta, ending their season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "When the Cardinals were trailing by 10 runs during Game 7 on October 17, Smith flied out to right field while pinch-hitting in the sixth inning, marking the end of his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "\"Smith missed the first month of the season with a hamstring injury, and continued to harbor ill feelings toward La Russa that had developed after spring training ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "The Cardinals held a special ceremony at Busch Stadium on September 28, 1996, before a game against the Cincinnati Reds, honoring Smith by retiring his uniform number."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "\" Smith agreed to the wager, and by the end of the season had won close to $300 from Herzog."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1990–1995",
"text": "Joe Torre became Smith's new manager in 1990, but the team did not reach the postseason during Torre's nearly five-year tenure."
}
] |
Smith retired in 1996 at the end of the season after after tension with his new manager.
| 2 | 4 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the recitation', Arabic pronunciation: [alqur'ʔaːn]), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Quran (, kor-AHN; Arabic: القرآن, romanized: al-Qurʼān, lit. '"
}
] |
cAXEax8KM1EOKu6Jh56J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Regarding the claim of divine origin, critics refere to preexisting sources, not only taken from the Bible, supposed to be older revelations of God, but also from heretic-, apocryphic and talmudic sources, such as The Syriac Infancy Gospel and Gospel of James."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Ethico-religious concepts",
"text": "The Quran is one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law (sharia)."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance in Islam",
"text": "\"The Quran frequently asserts in its text that it is divinely ordained."
},
{
"section_header": "Text and arrangement",
"text": "The original significance of the letters is unknown."
},
{
"section_header": "Text and arrangement",
"text": "\" There are, however, still 114 occurrences of the Bismillah in the Quran, due to its presence in Quran 27:30 as the opening of Solomon's letter to the Queen of Sheba."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary style",
"text": ", \"Say: 'God's guidance is the true guidance',\" \"Say: 'Would you then dispute with us concerning God?'\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Ethico-religious concepts",
"text": "Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the formal prayers (salat) and fasting in the month of Ramadan."
},
{
"section_header": "Text and arrangement",
"text": "Each sūrah consists of several verses, known as āyāt, which originally means a \"sign\" or \"evidence\" sent by God."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Compilation",
"text": "The Sana'a manuscripts contain palimpsests, a manuscript page from which the text has been washed off to make the parchment reusable again—a practice which was common in ancient times due to scarcity of writing material."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Compilation",
"text": "The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the recitation', Arabic pronunciation: [alqur'ʔaːn]), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Quran (, kor-AHN; Arabic: القرآن, romanized: al-Qurʼān, lit. '"
}
] |
The Qur'an's claim of divine origin is disputed due to preexisting sources and the religious text for the Church of Christ.
| 0 | 0 |
Qur'an
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1916 and 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "He then pitched for the New York Giants (1927), the Pirates again (1928–1929), the Boston Braves (1930) and the St. Louis Cardinals (1930-1931)."
}
] |
cAbkth0Yy7rfYG3jZlaM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1916 and 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Grimes also assisted in managing the Independence Yankees in Independence, Kansas in 1948 and 1949, where Mickey Mantle started his professional career in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He did not pitch again after that season, moving on to manage the Louisville Colonels of the American Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Grimes moved to the minor leagues in 1935 as a player-manager for the Bloomington Bloomers of the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Grimes remained in baseball for many years as a minor league manager and a scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Grimes was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Having previously played baseball for several local teams, Nick Grimes managed the Clear Lake Yellow Jackets and taught his son how to play the game early in life."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "He returned to the Cardinals in 1933 and 1934, then moved to the Pirates (1934) and the New York Yankees (1934)."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "He then pitched for the New York Giants (1927), the Pirates again (1928–1929), the Boston Braves (1930) and the St. Louis Cardinals (1930-1931)."
}
] |
Grimes was a professional American baseball player that spent most of his career playing for the Pirates.
| 0 | 5 |
Burleigh Grimes
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Place names Numerous cities, towns, streets, and institutions in Mexico are named after Benito Juárez, including the former El Paso del Norte, now called Ciudad Juárez; see Juárez (disambiguation) for a partial list."
}
] |
cB2OtzMThMmAJW8ucZOg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his death, the city and state of Oaxaca added \"de Juarez\" to their formal names in his honor, and numerous other places and institutions were named for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Juarez is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Mexican snake, Geophis juarezi."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Place names Numerous cities, towns, streets, and institutions in Mexico are named after Benito Juárez, including the former El Paso del Norte, now called Ciudad Juárez; see Juárez (disambiguation) for a partial list."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Mexico City International Airport is better known in Mexico by its first official name Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juárez, or internationally often as Mexico City Juárez."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotes",
"text": "Another notable quote: \" La ley ha sido siempre mi espada y mi escudo\", or"
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Liberal Reform",
"text": "Juárez, Ignacio Olvera, and many other liberal deputies and ministers were arrested."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Constitutional Presidency (1861–1862)",
"text": "Many brigands and bandits had allied themselves with the Liberal cause during the civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Constitutional Presidency (1861–1862)",
"text": "With that conflict concluded and they were unable to gain jobs, many became guerrillas and bandits again."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "The Benito Juárez Partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and the city of Benito Juárez, Buenos Aires are both named after Juárez, as a gesture of friendship between Argentina and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "The Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was named after Juárez."
}
] |
Juarez has many places in Mexico named after him.
| 0 | 0 |
Benito Juarez
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | Walt Disney's Robin Hood",
"text": "In the 1973 animated Disney film, Robin Hood, the title character is portrayed as an anthropomorphic fox voiced by Brian Bedford."
}
] |
cBNBweVXoG3c0rY4S188
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | Walt Disney's Robin Hood",
"text": "However, due to concerns that Reynard was unsuitable as a hero, animator Ken Anderson adapted some elements from Reynard into Robin Hood, thus making the title character a fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | Walt Disney's Robin Hood",
"text": "In the 1973 animated Disney film, Robin Hood, the title character is portrayed as an anthropomorphic fox voiced by Brian Bedford."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | Walt Disney's Robin Hood",
"text": "Years before Robin Hood had even entered production, Disney had considered doing a project on Reynard the Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There have been numerous variations and adaptations of the story over the subsequent years, and the story continues to be widely represented in literature, film, and television."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | A Muslim among the Merry Men",
"text": "The 2018 adaptation Robin Hood portrays the character of Little John as a Muslim named Yahya, played by Jamie Foxx."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Robin Hood on the early modern stage",
"text": "This short play adapts the story of the king's pardon of Robin Hood to refer to the Restoration."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | A Muslim among the Merry Men",
"text": "Later versions of the story have followed suit: the 1991 movie Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves and 2006 BBC TV series Robin Hood each contain equivalents of Nasir, in the figures of Azeem and Djaq, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | Robin and Marian",
"text": "The 1976 British-American film Robin and Marian, starring Sean Connery as Robin Hood and Audrey Hepburn as Maid Marian, portrays the figures in later years after Robin has returned from service with Richard the Lionheart in a foreign crusade and Marian has gone into seclusion in a nunnery."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | Robin and Marian",
"text": "This is the first in popular culture to portray King Richard as less than perfect."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | A Muslim among the Merry Men",
"text": "Since the 1980s, it has become commonplace to include a Saracen (Arab/Muslim) among the Merry Men, a trend that began with the character Nasir in the 1984 ITV Robin of Sherwood television series."
}
] |
Disney adapted the story in 1973 with animator Ken Anderson.
| 0 | 1 |
Robin Hood
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "National symbols",
"text": "The Tudor rose was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses as a symbol of peace."
},
{
"section_header": "National symbols",
"text": "It is a syncretic symbol in that it merged the white rose of the Yorkists and the red"
}
] |
cBzEEG4IOKdRVSKuEqGB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | GardensLandscape gardening as developed by Capability Brown set an international trend for the English garden. Gardening, visiting gardens, and a love for gardens are regarded as typically English pursuits. The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. At large country houses, the English garden usually included lakes, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape.",
"text": "The Chelsea Flower Show is held every year and is said to be the largest gardening show in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern",
"text": "Based on conflicting political, religious and social positions, the English Civil War was fought between the supporters of Parliament and those of King Charles I, known colloquially as Roundheads and Cavaliers respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "National symbols",
"text": "It became associated with Saint George, along with countries and cities, which claimed him as their patron saint and used his cross as a banner."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Late modern and contemporary",
"text": "Power shifts in east-central Europe led to World War I; hundreds of thousands of English soldiers died fighting for the United Kingdom as part of the Allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "A romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, and made popular by its use in Arthurian legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Landscape and rivers",
"text": "In the West Country, Dartmoor and Exmoor of the Southwest Peninsula include upland moorland supported by granite, and enjoy a mild climate; both are national parks."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance | Law",
"text": "Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system of the Courts of England and Wales continued, under the Treaty of Union, as a separate legal system from the one used in Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "Due in particular to the economic prosperity of South East England, it has received many economic migrants from the other parts of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern",
"text": "During the Elizabethan period, England was at war with Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "National symbols",
"text": "The Tudor rose was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses as a symbol of peace."
},
{
"section_header": "National symbols",
"text": "It is a syncretic symbol in that it merged the white rose of the Yorkists and the red"
}
] |
England used a particular flower as a signal for pacifism while fighting a massive war named after it, in which both sides fought under banners utilizing that same flower to rally supporters.
| 0 | 0 |
England
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa."
}
] |
cC3UmuhGYFEAW5KhUn2V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band has sold 30 million records worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "Jordison jammed occasionally with this group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "Colsefni later took over vocal duties, but Vexx never recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demo recording and beginnings (1995–1998)",
"text": "Feed. Feed. Kill. Feed. Feed. Kill. Repeat. on Halloween, October 31, 1996.Distribution for the demo was initially left to the band and their producer Sean McMahon, before it was handed over to the distribution company -ismist Recordings in early 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demo recording and beginnings (1995–1998)",
"text": "It was there, in late 1995, that Jordison suggested changing the band name to Slipknot after their song of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style, influences, and lyrical themes",
"text": "In 1999, Chris Fehn said Sid Wilson is influenced by jungle music and rave music."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Iowa and hiatus (2001–2003)",
"text": "The release and intense promotion of the album resulted in sold-out shows in large arenas in several countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demo recording and beginnings (1995–1998)",
"text": "In December, Slipknot began recording material at SR Audio, a studio in the band's hometown."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jordison's departure, .5: The Gray Chapter, and new members (2013–2016)",
"text": "The release was later preponed to October 17 for the Netherlands and Australia, October 20 for the UK and October 21 worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | All Hope Is Gone, third hiatus and Gray's death (2008–2010)",
"text": "The members made conflicting statements in interviews; drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa."
}
] |
Slipknot is a musical group from Jordison, Indiana and has sold over 30 million records worldwide.
| 1 | 5 |
Slipknot (band)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "In the early 1900s, while covering a baseball game between the Youngstown Ohio Works club and a team from Homestead, Pennsylvania, Evans was approached by the manager of the local club, ex-major leaguer Marty Hogan, and asked to fill an umpire vacancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "According to Evans's obituary, the aspiring reporter, who was on a date with a young woman, \"wasn't interested until Hogan mentioned he would be paid $15 a week for officiating the game\", a figure equivalent to a week's salary at his sportswriting job."
}
] |
cC6LaDc9i78RWWyXjMk9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "In Youngstown, the Evans family joined Westminster Presbyterian Church, where Billy Evans attended Sunday school."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "According to sports writers Okrent and Wulf, Johnson responded to news of the incident \"with uncharacteristic humor\", saying \"only that he was sorry that he missed"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "From 1918 to 1928, he served as sports editor of Newspaper Enterprise Association and produced a syndicated sports column titled, \"Billy Evans Says\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Evans' contributions to baseball have been widely recognized."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1946 he was named in the Honor Rolls of Baseball, and in 1973 he became the third umpire elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1973, the third umpire ever selected."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "He was regarded as the only umpire of his era who never had played professional baseball himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Executive career",
"text": "Baseball historian Bill James observed that Evans was the first front-office executive of a major league team to be officially called a \"general manager\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to his inside role in the sport, Evans authored countless articles, as well as two books, Umpiring from the Inside (1947) and Knotty Problems in Baseball (1950)."
},
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "He gained notability as an athlete at Youngstown's Rayen School, excelling at baseball, football, and track."
},
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "In the early 1900s, while covering a baseball game between the Youngstown Ohio Works club and a team from Homestead, Pennsylvania, Evans was approached by the manager of the local club, ex-major leaguer Marty Hogan, and asked to fill an umpire vacancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "According to Evans's obituary, the aspiring reporter, who was on a date with a young woman, \"wasn't interested until Hogan mentioned he would be paid $15 a week for officiating the game\", a figure equivalent to a week's salary at his sportswriting job."
}
] |
Billy Evans got his start in pro baseball while he was a writer for the town paper.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Evans
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "He died in the early 850s. Alfred's next three brothers were successively kings of Wessex."
}
] |
cC82SCBf2KhJYYN0GB2H
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The reigns of Alfred's brothers",
"text": "Alfred is not mentioned during the short reigns of his older brothers Æthelbald and Æthelberht."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues | Winchester",
"text": "A bronze statue of Alfred the Great stands at the eastern end of The Broadway, close to the site of Winchester's medieval East Gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alfred the Great (848/849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to c. 886 and King of the Anglo-Saxons from c. 886 to 899."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | Counter-attack and victory",
"text": "From then until the arrival of the Great Heathen Army Essex had formed part of Wessex."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "He died in the early 850s. Alfred's next three brothers were successively kings of Wessex."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | Early struggles",
"text": "The unstated premise was that the surviving brother would be king."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues | Pewsey",
"text": "A prominent statue of King Alfred the Great stands in the middle of Pewsey."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | Early struggles",
"text": "The Danes broke their word and after killing all the hostages, slipped away under cover of night to Exeter in Devon."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Æthelbald (858-860) and Æthelberht (860-865) were also much older than Alfred, but Æthelred (865-871) was only a year or two older."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Berkshire had been historically disputed between Wessex and Mercia, and as late as 844 a charter showed that it was part of Mercia, but Alfred's birth in the county is evidence that by the late 840s control had passed to Wessex."
}
] |
Alfred the Great was King of Wessex and the King of the Anglo-Saxons after his father and older brothers passed away but the lineaged ended with him.
| 0 | 0 |
Alfred the Great
|
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