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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Instantly successful, widely read in high schools and middle schools in the United States, it has become a classic of modern American literature, winning the Pulitzer Prize."
}
] |
aMsa3aWvuFB2EWVwguz2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Courage and compassion",
"text": "The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": ", writes with \"a fiercely progressive ink, in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question\", comparing her to William Faulkner, who wrote about racism as an inevitability."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Instantly successful, widely read in high schools and middle schools in the United States, it has become a classic of modern American literature, winning the Pulitzer Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Gender roles",
"text": "Bob Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not, and the novel suggests that such men, as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society, can lead society astray."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical background and publication",
"text": "It was, as she described it, \"more a series of anecdotes than a fully conceived novel.\" During the following two and a half years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "McWhorter writes of Lee, \"for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual—by its very existence an act of protest.\" Author James McBride calls Lee brilliant but stops short of calling her brave: I think by calling Harper Lee brave"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "In one high-profile case outside the U.S., school districts in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia attempted to have the book removed from standard teaching curricula in the 1990s, stating: The terminology in this novel subjects students to humiliating experiences that rob them of their self-respect and the respect of their peers."
}
] |
It has recived a very high form of recognition.
| 3 | 7 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dreamgirls is a Broadway musical, with music by Henry Krieger and lyrics and book by Tom Eyen."
}
] |
aN5jPdLm2TRNmVR4pUkf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions | 2001 Actors Fund of America Concert",
"text": "The concert was in benefit of the Actors Fund of America, and was one of the first major public gatherings to be held in New York City after 9/11."
},
{
"section_header": "Similarities to The Supremes' story",
"text": "Diana Ross performed \"Family\" from Act I in her historic free concert in New York City's Central Park in July 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions | US tours",
"text": "The tour was set to open on Broadway in July 1998, however it ultimately closed in Upstate New York while waiting for a Broadway theatre to become available."
},
{
"section_header": "Similarities to The Supremes' story",
"text": "In the same interview, Ralph said she encountered Ross in New York shortly after the musical's opening where Ross coldly brushed her off leading to the speculation Ross knew of the show or had seen it."
},
{
"section_header": "Similarities to The Supremes' story",
"text": "Dreamgirl: My Life As a Supreme after the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Similarities to The Supremes' story",
"text": "Dreamgirls isn't about any one group."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway production | Background",
"text": "Dreamgirls had its beginnings as a project for Nell Carter."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions | US tours",
"text": "Another US tour began at the Apollo Theater, New York City in November 2009, with direction and choreography by Robert Longbottom, new scenic design by the original set designer Robin Wagner, and new costume designs by William Ivey Long."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Act I: 1960s In 1962, The Dreamettes, a hopeful black girl group from Chicago, enter the famous Amateur Night talent competition at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York (\"I'm Lookin' for Something\", \"Goin' Downtown\", \"Takin' the Long Way Home\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Similarities to The Supremes' story",
"text": "Mary Wilson loved Dreamgirls so much that she named her first autobiography,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dreamgirls is a Broadway musical, with music by Henry Krieger and lyrics and book by Tom Eyen."
}
] |
Dreamgirls is a novel by Patty York.
| 0 | 2 |
Dreamgirls
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "At the time of Cooper's writing, U.S. settlers believed in, and perpetuated the myth that, Native Americans were disappearing, believing they would ultimately be assimilated or killed off entirely due to the genocidal structure of settler colonialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The conflict arrayed British colonial settlers and minimal regular forces against royal French forces, with both sides also relying on Native American allies."
}
] |
aNYyxqPX6Sp4Zo8KPvpO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Especially in the East, as Native Peoples’ land was stolen and settled on in the name of U.S. expansion and Jeffersonian agrarianism, the narrative that many Native Peoples were “vanishing” was prevalent in both novels like Cooper's and local newspapers."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The conflict arrayed British colonial settlers and minimal regular forces against royal French forces, with both sides also relying on Native American allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During this war, both the French and the British used Native American allies, but the French were particularly dependent, as they were outnumbered in the Northeast frontier areas by British colonists."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "At the time of Cooper's writing, U.S. settlers believed in, and perpetuated the myth that, Native Americans were disappearing, believing they would ultimately be assimilated or killed off entirely due to the genocidal structure of settler colonialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans is set in 1757, during the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War), when France and Great Britain battled for control of North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "In this way, Cooper was interested in the American progress narrative when more colonists were increasing pressure on Native Americans, which they, and Cooper, would then view as \"natural\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The war was fought primarily along the frontiers of the British colonies from Virginia to Nova Scotia."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Cooper set this novel during the Seven Years' War, an international conflict between Great Britain and France, which had a front in North America known by the Anglo-American colonists as the French and Indian War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 is a historical novel written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1826."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "They are guided through the forest by a native named Magua, who leads them through a shortcut unaccompanied by the British militia."
}
] |
The Last of the Mohicans is a complex best selling novel about the interaction of Native Americans and colonialism amid a war with diminishing numbers of native people.
| 0 | 0 |
The Last of the Mohicans
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "As of 2017, Mexico was the 6th most visited country in the world and had the 15th highest income from tourism in the world which is also the highest in Latin America."
}
] |
aO3seHs21ehPLtIsO24Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mexico receives a significant number of tourists every year; in 2018, it was the 6th most-visited country in the world, with 39 million international arrivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "As of 2017, Mexico was the 6th most visited country in the world and had the 15th highest income from tourism in the world which is also the highest in Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The growth rate increased dramatically between the 1930s and the 1980s, when the country registered growth rates of over 3% (1950–1980)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Mexico ranks fourth in the world in biodiversity and is one of the 17 megadiverse countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Mexico is also considered the second country in the world in ecosystems and fourth in overall species."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Other examples are the representations of the Passion of Christ and the celebration of Day of the Dead, which take place within the framework of the Catholic Christian imaginary, but under a very particular reinterpretation of its protagonists."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Women",
"text": "Until the twentieth century, Mexico was an overwhelmingly rural country, with rural women's status defined within the context of the family and local community."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transportation",
"text": "The Mexico City International Airport remains the busiest in Latin America and the 36th busiest in the world transporting 45 million passengers a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Architecture",
"text": "Modern architecture in Mexico has an important development in the plasticity of form and space, José Villagrán García develops a theory of form that sets the pattern of teaching in many schools of architecture in the country within functionalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Mexican cuisine",
"text": "In 2005, Mexico presented the candidature of its gastronomy for World Heritage Site of UNESCO, being the first occasion in which a country had presented its gastronomic tradition for this purpose."
}
] |
Within the past 3 years, Mexico has placed 6th among the most visited countries in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Mexico
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American black-and-white romantic comedy film directed and produced by Billy Wilder, starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was produced without approval from the Motion Picture Production Code because it plays with the idea of homosexuality and features cross-dressing."
}
] |
aOTddHLU69rPuRlbHv83
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Some Like It Hot received widespread acclaim from critics, and is considered among the best films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some Like It Hot opened to critical and commercial success and is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American black-and-white romantic comedy film directed and produced by Billy Wilder, starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It Hot is considered one of the final nails in the coffin for the Hays Code."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Tony Curtis, then in his late-70s, performed in a 2002 stage production of the film, this time cast as Osgood Fielding III, the character originally played by Joe E. Brown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was voted as the top comedy film by the American Film Institute on their list on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs poll in 2000, and was selected as the best comedy of all time in a poll of 253 film critics from 52 countries conducted by the BBC in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert wrote about the movie, \"Wilder's 1959 comedy is one of the enduring treasures of the movies, a film of inspiration and meticulous craft.\" John McCarten of The New Yorker referred to the film as \"a jolly, carefree enterprise\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Some Like It Hot: A spry, quick-witted farce that never drags."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Billy Wilder spoke in 1959 about filming another movie with Monroe: \"I have discussed this with my doctor and my psychiatrist and they tell me I'm too old and too rich to go through this again.\" But Wilder also admitted: \"My Aunt Minnie would always be punctual and never hold up production, but who would pay to see my Aunt Minnie?\" He also stated that Monroe played her part wonderfully."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film opened in the week ended March 24, 1959 in several cities in the United States; the highest grossing of which were in Chicago, where it grossed $45,000 at the United Artists Theatre with Monroe making an appearance, and in Washington D.C. where it grossed $40,000 at the Capitol Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was produced without approval from the Motion Picture Production Code because it plays with the idea of homosexuality and features cross-dressing."
}
] |
The 1959 film Some Like It Hot was transgressive for the time.
| 0 | 0 |
Some Like It Hot
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there."
}
] |
aPj2zq7okeJzlxqBqvRA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "According to Pausanias, \"when the image was quite finished Pheidias prayed the god to show by a sign whether the work was to his liking."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zeus was the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Seeking to outdo their Athenian rivals, the Eleans employed the renowned sculptor Phidias, who had previously made the massive statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", it represented the god Zeus on a cedarwood throne ornamented with ebony, ivory, gold and precious stones."
},
{
"section_header": "Loss and destruction",
"text": "where down to the present day the bronze jar stood to cover the place.\" According to Roman historian Suetonius, the Roman Emperor Caligula gave orders that \"such statues of the gods as were especially famous for their sanctity or their artistic merit, including that of Jupiter at Olympia, should be brought from Greece, in order to remove their heads and put his own in their place."
},
{
"section_header": "Loss and destruction",
"text": "The sanctuary at Olympia fell into disuse."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The statue of Zeus was commissioned by the Eleans, custodians of the Olympic Games, in the latter half of the fifth century BC for their newly constructed Temple of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Phidias' workshop",
"text": "But earlier loss or damage is implied by Lucian of Samosata in the later 2nd century, who referenced it in Timon: \"they have laid hands on your person at Olympia, my lord High-Thunderer, and you had not the energy to wake the dogs or call in the neighbours; surely they might have come to the rescue and caught the fellows before they had finished packing up the loot.\" The approximate date of the statue (the third quarter of the 5th century BC) was confirmed in the rediscovery (1954–58) of Phidias' workshop, approximately where Pausanias said the statue of Zeus was constructed."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "According to the Roman historian Livy, the Roman general Aemilius Paulus (the victor over Macedon) saw the statue and \"was moved to his soul, as if he had seen the god in person,\" while the 1st-century AD Greek orator Dio Chrysostom declared that a single glimpse of the statue would make a man forget all his earthly troubles."
}
] |
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was build to show honor to the god outside of the Parthenon.
| 2 | 6 |
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "Plant viruses are often spread from plant to plant by organisms, known as vectors."
}
] |
aPq942VN7ab8G3qBfLuC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "Plant viruses are often spread from plant to plant by organisms, known as vectors."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "In the 1980s, this virus acquired economical importance when it proved difficult to control in seed potato crops."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "This stops the infection from spreading."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "Plant viruses cannot infect humans and other animals because they can reproduce only in living plant cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "Plants have elaborate and effective defence mechanisms against viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "The capsids of most plant viruses are simple and robust structures and can be produced in large quantities either by the infection of plants or by expression in a variety of heterologous systems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Influenza viruses are spread by coughing and sneezing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Viruses spread in many ways. One transmission pathway is through disease-bearing organisms known as vectors: for example, viruses are often transmitted from plant to plant by insects that feed on plant sap, such as aphids; and viruses in animals can be carried by blood-sucking insects."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "RNA interference is also an effective defence in plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Epidemiology",
"text": "Horizontal transmission is the most common mechanism of spread of viruses in populations."
}
] |
Plant viruses are often spread by seeds.
| 3 | 6 |
Virus
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vicar of Wakefield – subtitled A Tale, Supposed to be written by Himself – is a novel by Irish writer Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774)."
}
] |
aQFeti1y7BOqCy1NrTvP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As the vicar cannot pay, he is brought to prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters | Charles Primrose",
"text": "He is the vicar in the title, and the narrator of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1959 an Italian television series The Vicar of Wakefield was broadcast."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and narrative technique",
"text": "The novel can be regarded as a fictitious memoir, as it is told by the vicar himself by retrospection."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "The novel was The Vicar of Wakefield, and Johnson had sold it to Francis Newbery, a nephew of John."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Finally, even the wealth of the vicar is restored, as the bankrupt merchant is reported found."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Among these he announced to us the Vicar of Wakefield as an excellent work, with a German translation of which he would make us acquainted by reading it aloud to us himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In literary history books, The Vicar of Wakefield is often described as a sentimental novel, which displays the belief in the innate goodness of human beings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vicar of Wakefield – subtitled A Tale, Supposed to be written by Himself – is a novel by Irish writer Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "On the evening of George's wedding to wealthy Arabella Wilmot, the Vicar loses all his money through the bankruptcy of his merchant investor who has left town abruptly."
}
] |
The Vicar of Wakefield's author was a Welshman.
| 0 | 0 |
The Vicar of Wakefield
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Voyages",
"text": "Between 1492 and 1503, Columbus completed four round-trip voyages between Spain and the Americas, each voyage being sponsored by the Crown of Castile."
}
] |
aQOaFmwYZvCq5cE5Gwd0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Voyages",
"text": "part of Asia might explain, in part, why the American continent was named after the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci and not after Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages",
"text": "These voyages marked the beginning of the European exploration and colonization of the American continents, and are thus of enormous significance in Western history."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Second voyage",
"text": "He explored that island from 4 to 10 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "\"On 30 May 1498, Columbus left with six ships from Sanlúcar, Spain, for his third trip to the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Later, he allegedly made a trip to Chios, an Aegean island then ruled by Genoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | First voyage",
"text": "He anchored next to the King's harbor patrol ship on 4 March 1493 in Portugal."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "American navitists preferred Leif Erikson. Veneration of Columbus in America dates back to colonial times."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages",
"text": "Between 1492 and 1503, Columbus completed four round-trip voyages between Spain and the Americas, each voyage being sponsored by the Crown of Castile."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "After resupplying with food and water, from 4 to 12 August Columbus explored the Gulf of Paria, which separates Trinidad from what is now Venezuela, near the delta of the Orinoco River."
}
] |
Christopher Columbus did 4 trips to the American continent.
| 0 | 0 |
Christopher Columbus
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
}
] |
aQQlAv44eAtiytJtbgP8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The treaty marked Russia's final withdrawal from World War I as an enemy of her co-signatories, on severe terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "In the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I, one clause abrogated the Brest-Litovsk treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Portraits",
"text": "a copy of which was given to each of the participants."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1917, Germany and Imperial Russia were stuck in a stalemate on the Eastern Front of World War I and the Russian economy had nearly collapsed under the strain of the war effort."
},
{
"section_header": "Portraits",
"text": "He drew portraits of all the participants, along with a series of smaller caricatures."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Soviet started to form its own paramilitary power, the Red Guards, in March 1917.The continuing war led the German Government to agree to a suggestion that they should favor the opposition Communist Party (Bolsheviks), who were proponents of Russia's withdrawal from the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "The treaty meant that Russia now was helping Germany win the war by freeing up a million German soldiers for the Western Front and by \"relinquishing much of Russia's food supply, industrial base, fuel supplies, and communications with Western Europe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Decree called \"upon all the belligerent nations and their governments to start immediate negotiations for peace\" and proposed an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I. Leon Trotsky was appointed Commissar of Foreign Affairs in the new Bolshevik government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Allies and eleven nations became independent in Eastern Europe and western Asia."
}
] |
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceased Russia's participation in World War I.
| 0 | 0 |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers (10,714 sq mi) in size and has an estimated population of 11.1 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Cuba."
}
] |
aQrh5PJYaFl8uikhJBhf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)",
"text": "Many surviving free people of color left the island as refugees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)",
"text": "The Spanish were later forced to cede their part of the island to France under the terms of the Peace of Basel in 1795, uniting the island under one government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people, who migrated from South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Emigration",
"text": "There is a large Haitian diaspora community, predominantly based in the US and Canada, France, and the wealthier Caribbean islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "The Haitian Carnival has been one of the most popular carnivals in the Caribbean."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | French rule (1625–1804)",
"text": "More of the free people of color lived in the south of the island, near Port-au-Prince, and many intermarried within their community."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Haiti also includes several offshore islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Columbian history",
"text": "The Taíno name for the entire island was Haiti, or alternatively Quisqeya."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Haiti ( (listen); French: Haïti [a.iti]; Haitian Creole: Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the Republic of Haiti (French: République d'Haïti; Haitian Creole: Repiblik d Ayiti) formerly founded as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers (10,714 sq mi) in size and has an estimated population of 11.1 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Cuba."
}
] |
Haiti has the most people on its island with respect to all of the Caribbean islands.
| 0 | 0 |
Haiti
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2016, Jackson announced that they were expecting their first child together."
}
] |
aRRE6mkKXb2qPSWcYiLe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tenth and youngest child of the Jackson family"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2016, Jackson announced that they were expecting their first child together."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–1988: Control",
"text": "At this point, Jackson was successfully \"shaking off the experience of being a shadow Jackson child\", becoming \"an artist in her own right\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1966–1985: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "A biography revealed her father, Joseph Jackson, was emotionally withdrawn and told her to address him solely by his first name as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2009: Discipline and Number Ones",
"text": "It became Jackson's nineteenth number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, making her the first artist to have number-one singles in four separate decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2009: Discipline and Number Ones",
"text": "Her tenth studio album, Discipline, was released in February 2008, opening at number one."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2009: Discipline and Number Ones",
"text": "Jackson's second hits compilation, Number Ones (retitled The Best for international releases), was released in November 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2009: Discipline and Number Ones",
"text": "MTV stated \"there was no one better than Janet to anchor it and send a really powerful message.\" The performance was lauded by critics, with Entertainment Weekly affirming the rendition \"as energetic as it was heartfelt\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1993–1996: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade",
"text": "It was described as erasing the line between \"stadium-size pop music concerts and full-scale theatrical extravaganzas.\" During this time, her brother Michael was immersed in a child sex abuse scandal, of which he denied any wrongdoing."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2014: Film projects and True You",
"text": "Jackson announced plans to embark on her largest world tour in support of her second hits collection, Number Ones."
}
] |
Jackson has one child.
| 0 | 0 |
Janet Jackson
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use",
"text": "With gas lighting, theatres would no longer need to have people tending to candles during a performance, or having to light each candle individually."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use",
"text": "They were no longer places for mingling and orange selling, but places of respected entertainment."
}
] |
aRj3ArarLZvWHf0N8gta
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "Footlights caused the actors' costumes to catch fire if they got too close."
},
{
"section_header": "Early technology",
"text": "Clegg left his job to set up his own gas lighting business, the Gas Lighting and Coke Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "These lights also caused bothersome heat that affected both audience members and actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "While electric lighting was introduced to theatre stages, the gas mantle was developed in 1885 for gas-lit theatres."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early gas lights were ignited manually, but many later designs are self-igniting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early technology",
"text": "It took many years of development and testing before gas lighting for the stage was commercially available."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use",
"text": "Gaslight was the leading cause of behavior change in theaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "For many years, an attendant or gas boy moved along the long row of jets, lighting them individually while gas was escaping from the whole row."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "The tip of the burner was made out of lead, which absorbed heat, causing the flame to be smaller in size."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use | Types of lighting instruments",
"text": "By 1881, the Savoy Theatre in London was using incandescent lighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use",
"text": "With gas lighting, theatres would no longer need to have people tending to candles during a performance, or having to light each candle individually."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical use",
"text": "They were no longer places for mingling and orange selling, but places of respected entertainment."
}
] |
Gas lighting almost ruined the theatre by causing so many fires business owners hated it.
| 0 | 0 |
Gaslight
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Triangles in construction",
"text": "Tessellated triangles still maintain superior strength for cantilevering however, and this is the basis for one of the strongest man made structures, the tetrahedral truss."
}
] |
aS6eYeRfVQ5Pk152FSsx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Triangles in construction",
"text": "As computer technology helps architects design creative new buildings, triangular shapes are becoming increasingly prevalent as parts of buildings and as the primary shape for some types of skyscrapers as well as building materials."
},
{
"section_header": "Triangles in construction",
"text": "In Tokyo in 1989, architects had wondered whether it was possible to build a 500-story tower to provide affordable office space for this densely packed city, but with the danger to buildings from earthquakes, architects considered that a triangular shape would be necessary if such a building were to be built."
},
{
"section_header": "Triangles in construction",
"text": "Rectangles have been the most popular and common geometric form for buildings since the shape is easy to stack and organize; as a standard, it is easy to design furniture and fixtures to fit inside rectangularly shaped buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Triangles in construction",
"text": "Tessellated triangles still maintain superior strength for cantilevering however, and this is the basis for one of the strongest man made structures, the tetrahedral truss."
},
{
"section_header": "Triangles in construction",
"text": "In New York City, as Broadway crisscrosses major avenues, the resulting blocks are cut like triangles, and buildings have been built on these shapes; one such building is the triangularly shaped Flatiron Building which real estate people admit has a \"warren of awkward spaces that do not easily accommodate modern office furniture\" but that has not prevented the structure from becoming a landmark icon."
},
{
"section_header": "Triangles in construction",
"text": "Triangle shapes have appeared in churches as well as public buildings including colleges as well as supports for innovative home designs."
},
{
"section_header": "Figures inscribed in a triangle | Triangles",
"text": "The midpoint triangle subdivides the reference triangle into four congruent triangles which are similar to the reference triangle."
},
{
"section_header": "Figures inscribed in a triangle | Triangles",
"text": "If the interior point is the circumcenter of the reference triangle, the vertices of the pedal triangle are the midpoints of the reference triangle's sides, and so the pedal triangle is called the midpoint triangle or medial triangle."
},
{
"section_header": "Figures inscribed in a triangle | Triangles",
"text": "The Gergonne triangle or intouch triangle of a reference triangle has its vertices at the three points of tangency of the reference triangle's sides with its incircle."
},
{
"section_header": "Figures circumscribed about a triangle",
"text": "The tangential triangle of a reference triangle (other than a right triangle) is the triangle whose sides are on the tangent lines to the reference triangle's circumcircle at its vertices."
}
] |
Triangles are the basis for the most stable buildings.
| 1 | 2 |
Triangle
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in the Folio of 1623, possibly from a prompt book, and is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy."
}
] |
aSZM6h319YlxFuODhREQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Superstition and \"The Scottish Play\"",
"text": "There are stories of accidents, misfortunes and even deaths taking place during runs of Macbeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Superstition and \"The Scottish Play\"",
"text": "Perhaps in the Shakespearean theatre too it seemed to occupy a longer time than the clock recorded.\" While many today would say that any misfortune surrounding a production is mere coincidence, actors and others in the theatre industry often consider it bad luck to mention Macbeth by name while inside a theatre, and sometimes refer to it indirectly, for example as \"The Scottish Play\", or \"MacBee\", or when referring to the character and not the play, \"Mr. and Mrs. M\", or \"The Scottish King\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Shakespeare's day to the Interregnum",
"text": "The only eyewitness account of Macbeth in Shakespeare's lifetime was recorded by Simon Forman, who saw a performance at the Globe on 20 April 1610."
},
{
"section_header": "Superstition and \"The Scottish Play\"",
"text": "According to the actor Sir Donald Sinden, in his Sky Arts TV series Great West End Theatres, contrary to popular myth, Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth is not the unluckiest play as superstition likes to portray it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I, who was patron of Shakespeare's acting company, Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright's relationship with his sovereign."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and eighteenth century",
"text": "Ferdinand Fleck, notable as the first German actor to present Shakespeare's tragic roles in their fullness, played Macbeth at the Berlin National Theatre from 1787."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present",
"text": "Punjabi folk music imbued the play with the native ethos as the Scottish setting of Shakespeare's play was transposed into a Punjabi milieu."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs",
"text": "Macbeth is an anomaly among Shakespeare's tragedies in certain critical ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Pronunciations",
"text": "In Shakespeare's day, for example, \"heath\" was pronounced as \"heth\" (\"or a slightly elongated 'e' as in the modern 'get'\"), so it rhymed with \"Macbeth\" in the sentences by the Witches at the beginning of the play: Second Witch: Upon the heath."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | As a tragedy of moral order",
"text": "Whatever Shakespeare's degree of sympathy with such inversions, the play ends with a thorough return to normative gender values."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in the Folio of 1623, possibly from a prompt book, and is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy."
}
] |
Macbeth is Shakespeare's most brief misfortune play.
| 1 | 4 |
Macbeth
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Macau is on China's southern coast, 60 km (37 mi) west of Hong Kong, on the western side of the Pearl River estuary."
}
] |
aT9ur3zXA84pE5xwV6ZJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "It is surrounded by the South China Sea in the east and south, and neighbours the Guangdong city of Zhuhai to the west and north."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Macau has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), characteristic of southern China."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau was transferred to China on 20 December 1999, after 442 years of Portuguese rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Macau represents itself separately from mainland China with its own sports teams in international competitions."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "All travellers between Macau and China and Hong Kong must pass border controls, regardless of nationality."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Chinese citizens resident in mainland China do not have the right of abode in Macau and are subject to immigration controls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macau, also spelled Macao ( (listen); 澳門, Cantonese: [ōu.mǔːn]; official Portuguese: [mɐˈkaw] Macau), and officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a city in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macau was formerly a colony of the Portuguese Empire, after Ming China leased the territory as a trading post in 1557."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Macau is a special administrative region of China, with executive, legislative, and judicial powers devolved from the national government."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Casino gaming is illegal in both the mainland and Hong Kong, giving Macau a legal monopoly on the industry in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Macau is on China's southern coast, 60 km (37 mi) west of Hong Kong, on the western side of the Pearl River estuary."
}
] |
Macau is in north China.
| 1 | 6 |
Macau
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuerholz was born in [Baltimore], the son of John Schuerholz Sr., who played in the Philadelphia Athletics minor league system from 1937 to 1940."
}
] |
aTYcEEbOZ1JDmvWME8SN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuerholz's son, Jonathan, was selected by Atlanta in the eighth round of the 2002 MLB draft and played in the minor leagues until 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Schuerholz's top assistant Frank Wren was named the general manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his time with the Braves, they won three National League pennants and played in five National League Championship series."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuerholz was born in [Baltimore], the son of John Schuerholz Sr., who played in the Philadelphia Athletics minor league system from 1937 to 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1969, Major League Baseball expanded to Kansas City."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "This money was used to upgrade the school's baseball facility, which was named after Schuerholz."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Before his career in baseball, Schuerholz was a teacher at North Point Junior High in Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On December 4, 2016, Schuerholz was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After entering Major League Baseball with the Baltimore Orioles, Schuerholz joined the United States Army Reserve."
}
] |
Schuerholz's dad played baseball.
| 1 | 2 |
John Schuerholz
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The musical premiered on March 29, 1951, at Broadway's St. James Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The musical's plot relates the experiences of Anna, a British schoolteacher hired as part of the King's drive to modernize his country."
}
] |
aTwcVKcTiMqKNmpDeXi5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Casting and auditions",
"text": "The King says \"Who, who, who?\" with great satisfaction, and finds out that he has just thrown out the English schoolteacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 1",
"text": "The King has enough worries without battling the schoolteacher, and wonders why the world has become so complicated (\"A Puzzlement\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 2",
"text": "Anna asks the Kralahome to give her ring back to the King; both schoolteacher and minister state their wish that she had never come to Siam."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 1",
"text": "The schoolteacher is a part of his plan for the modernization of Siam; he is impressed when she already knows this."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 1",
"text": "In 1862, a strong-willed, widowed schoolteacher, Anna Leonowens, arrives in Bangkok, Siam (later known as Thailand) at the request of the King of Siam to tutor his many children."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Musical treatment",
"text": "In his music, Rodgers sought to give some of the music an Asian flavor."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Musical treatment",
"text": "The music for \"The Small House of Uncle Thomas\" was for the most part written not by Rodgers, but by dance music arranger"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The musical's plot relates the experiences of Anna, a British schoolteacher hired as part of the King's drive to modernize his country."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Musical treatment",
"text": "\"According to Rodgers' biographer William Hyland, the score for The King"
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "The musical's most radical change from the novel was to have the King die at the end of the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The musical premiered on March 29, 1951, at Broadway's St. James Theatre."
}
] |
The King and I was a musical that is about a schoolteacher.
| 0 | 0 |
The King and I
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It was produced by Cheryl Crawford, written by Tennessee Williams; incidental music by David Diamond, staged by Daniel Mann, scenic design by Boris Aronson, costume designed by Rose Bogadnoff, lighting designed by Charles Elson, general manager John Yorke, stage manager Ralph De Launey, conductor and harpist Nettie Druzinsky, musicians: Michael Danzi, Jack Linx and Frank Kutak, production associate Bea Lawrene, and press representative Wolfe Kauffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams in 1949 and 1950; after its Chicago premiere on December 29, 1950, he made further revisions to the play for its Broadway premiere on February 2, 1951, and its publication by New Directions the following month."
}
] |
aU1xsPprUVTpLXonnIDV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was recreated for a July 5, 1953, hour-long radio adaptation on the program Best Plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It was produced by Cheryl Crawford, written by Tennessee Williams; incidental music by David Diamond, staged by Daniel Mann, scenic design by Boris Aronson, costume designed by Rose Bogadnoff, lighting designed by Charles Elson, general manager John Yorke, stage manager Ralph De Launey, conductor and harpist Nettie Druzinsky, musicians: Michael Danzi, Jack Linx and Frank Kutak, production associate Bea Lawrene, and press representative Wolfe Kauffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams in 1949 and 1950; after its Chicago premiere on December 29, 1950, he made further revisions to the play for its Broadway premiere on February 2, 1951, and its publication by New Directions the following month."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was revived in 1966, again starring Maureen Stapleton, with Maria Tucci replacing Phyllis Love in the role of Rose Delle Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo tells the story of an Italian-American widow in Mississippi who has withdrawn from the world after her husband's death and expects her daughter to do the same."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "An intellectual revolt against the closing of The Rose Tattoo came from not only Ireland but from the continent, led by playwrights Samuel Beckett, Seán O'Casey, and Brendan Behan."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "On May 12, 1957, the Pike Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, staged The Rose Tattoo with Anna Manahan as the lead and the Irish scenic artist Reginald Gray as the set designer."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "A film adaptation starring Anna Magnani was released in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The original production of The Rose Tattoo premiered February 3, 1951, at the Martin Beck Theatre (now known as the Al Hirschfeld Theatre) and concluded October 27, 1951, with a total of 306 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The original Broadway play starred Maureen Stapleton, Phyllis Love, and Eli Wallach."
}
] |
The Rose Tattoo was written in an hour in 1953 starring Nettie Druzinsky.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rose Tattoo
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began to perform in vaudeville at the age of 15."
}
] |
aU9quH0SMpwjz4jh9L0U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": ",While in school, Brennan became interested in acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began to perform in vaudeville at the age of 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early work",
"text": "Finding himself penniless, Brennan began taking parts as an extra in films at Universal Studios in 1924, starting at $7.50 a day."
},
{
"section_header": "Later work | Later career",
"text": "He started filming Herbie Rides Again (1973) for Disney but fell ill and had to be replaced."
},
{
"section_header": "Later work | Work on television | The Real McCoys",
"text": "For Brennan Productions, Brennan starred in Shoot Out at Big Sag (1962)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later work | Work on television | The Real McCoys",
"text": "Brennan joined with the series creator, Irving Pincus, to form Brennan-Westgate Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Classic Westerns roles",
"text": "Brennan followed this with parts in Nobody"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Second Oscar: Kentucky (1938)",
"text": "Brennan said he had been working constantly since Christmas 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Brennan's son Arthur Mike \"Big Mike\" Brennan (1921) and his wife, Florence Irene Brennan (1925–2003), lived in Joseph, Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Third Oscar: The Westerner (1940)",
"text": "Goldwyn bought Trading Post to be a vehicle for Brennan"
}
] |
Brennan started acting when he was 15.
| 0 | 1 |
Walter Brennan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "The story was adapted as a Broadway play by William Archibald, which opened in December 1954, with Barbara O'Neil in the role of Madame Serena Merle."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "In 1968 the BBC produced a television miniseries of The Portrait of a Lady, starring Suzanne Neve as Isabel and Richard Chamberlain as Ralph Touchett."
}
] |
aUi4t2bxIvn7vCQ5aE0Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "James, Henry. The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "James, Henry. The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Portrait of a Lady is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Atlantic Monthly and Macmillan's Magazine in 1880–81 and then as a book in 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "In 1884, when the actor Lawrence Barrett wanted James to turn the novel into a play, James replied that he did not think it could be done."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "James's first idea for The Portrait of a Lady was simple: a young American woman confronting her destiny, whatever it might be."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "The Portrait of a Lady was adapted in 1996 by New Zealand director Jane Campion, into a film starring Nicole Kidman as Isabel, John Malkovich as Osmond, and Barbara Hershey as Madame Merle."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "In 1968 the BBC produced a television miniseries of The Portrait of a Lady, starring Suzanne Neve as Isabel and Richard Chamberlain as Ralph Touchett."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Habegger questions this and quotes others as doing the same."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "It is a rather existentialist novel, as Isabel is very committed to living with the consequences of her choice with both integrity and a sort of stubbornness."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Contemporary critics recognise that James had pushed the analysis of human consciousness and motivation to new levels, particularly in such passages as the famous Chapter 42, where Isabel meditates deep into the night about her marriage and the trap she seems to have fallen into."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "The story was adapted as a Broadway play by William Archibald, which opened in December 1954, with Barbara O'Neil in the role of Madame Serena Merle."
}
] |
The novel The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James was never adapted into other works because the author did not think it would be a good representation of his work which had deep existential themes.
| 0 | 0 |
The Portrait of a Lady
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Jon Gynt spent all his money on feasting and living lavishly, and had to leave his farm to become a wandering salesman, leaving his wife and son behind in debt."
}
] |
aUr7GmlSAcSDE6xqKi51
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The portrayal of the Gynt family is known to be based on Henrik Ibsen's own family and childhood memories; in a letter to Georg Brandes, Ibsen wrote that his own family and childhood had served \"as some kind of model\" for the Gynt family."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "In the same wedding, Peer meets a family of Haugean newcomers from another valley."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act V",
"text": "Then he meets the troll king, who states that Peer has been a troll, not a man, most of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act V",
"text": "Peer lands on shore bereft of all of his possessions, a pitiful and grumpy old man."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act V",
"text": "Finally, on his way home as an old man, he is shipwrecked."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act III",
"text": "Solveig turns up and insists on living with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable productions",
"text": "Among the three aforementioned Plummer/Lankester collaborations, all received live concert presentations and live radio broadcasts, but only Ivan the Terrible was released on CD."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing process",
"text": "Following an earthquake on Ischia on 14 August, Ibsen left for Sorrento, where he completed the final two acts; he finished the play on 14 October."
},
{
"section_header": "Peer Gynt Sculpture Park",
"text": "Peer Gynt Sculpture Park (Peer Gynt-parken) is a sculpture park located in Oslo, Norway."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing process",
"text": "\" Ibsen sent the three acts to his publisher on 8 August, with a letter that explains that \"Peer Gynt was a real person who lived in Gudbrandsdal, probably around the end of the last century or the beginning of this."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Jon Gynt spent all his money on feasting and living lavishly, and had to leave his farm to become a wandering salesman, leaving his wife and son behind in debt."
}
] |
Peer Gynt is about a man that lived above his means and left his family without any income.
| 0 | 0 |
Peer Gynt
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Doors were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore."
}
] |
aVHrp1DMeihrYoIKIEVz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | The Doors and Strange Days (August 1966 – December 1967)",
"text": "From March 7 to 11, 1967, the Doors performed at the Matrix Club in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Doors and Strange Days (August 1966 – December 1967)",
"text": "From December 26 to 28, the group played at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco; during one set the band stopped performing to watch themselves on The Jonathan Winters Show on a TV set wheeled onto the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "Manzarek made three solo albums from 1974 to 1983 and formed a band called Nite City in 1975, which released two albums from 1977 to 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "The group was dedicated to performing the music of the Doors and Jim Morrison."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Doors and Strange Days (August 1966 – December 1967)",
"text": "The group appeared to acquiesce, but performed the song in its original form, because either they had never intended to comply with the request or Jim Morrison was nervous and forgot to make the change (Manzarek has given conflicting accounts)."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "In 2002, Ray Manzarek and Robby Krieger formed a new version of the Doors which they called the Doors of the 21st Century."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "The Butts Band formed in 1973, signing with Blue Thumb records."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "In recent years Densmore formed a jazz band called Tribaljazz"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Doors were honored for the 50th anniversary of their self-titled album release, January 4, 2017, with the city of Los Angeles proclaiming that date \"The Day of the Doors."
},
{
"section_header": "History | L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971)",
"text": "He had visited the city the previous summer; he was found dead in the bath on July 3, 1971 by Courson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Doors were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore."
}
] |
The group, The Doors was formed in the city of San Francisco, California.
| 1 | 3 |
The Doors
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock (Arabic: قبة الصخرة"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also believed to be the site where Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son, and as the place where God's divine presence is manifested more than in any other place, towards which Jews turn during prayer."
}
] |
aVmueCITDO9nKEopuImw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "According to Jewish tradition, the stone is the site where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "Thus, one series of explanations was that Abd al-Malik intended for the Dome of the Rock to be a religious monument of victory over the Christians that would distinguish Islam's uniqueness within the common Abrahamic religious setting of Jerusalem, home of the two older Abrahamic faiths, Judaism and Christianity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also believed to be the site where Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son, and as the place where God's divine presence is manifested more than in any other place, towards which Jews turn during prayer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ayyubids and Mamluks",
"text": "Jerusalem was recaptured by Saladin on 2 October 1187, and the Dome of the Rock was reconsecrated as a Muslim shrine."
},
{
"section_header": "Architectural homages",
"text": "It was long believed by Christians that the Dome of the Rock echoed the architecture of the Temple in Jerusalem, as can be seen in Raphael's The Marriage of the Virgin and in Perugino's Marriage of the Virgin."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "Such is Jesus, son of Mary. It is a statement of truth, about which they doubt."
},
{
"section_header": "History | British Mandate",
"text": "Haj Amin al-Husseini, appointed Grand Mufti by the British in 1917, along with Yaqub al-Ghusayn, implemented the restoration of the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "Further, Muhammad was taken here by Gabriel to pray with Abraham, Moses, and Jesus."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Crusaders",
"text": "The Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and the Dome of the Rock was given to the Augustinians, who turned it into a church, while the nearby Al-Aqsa Mosque first became a royal palace for a while, and then for much of the 12th century the headquarters of the Knights Templar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock (Arabic: قبة الصخرة"
}
] |
The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is where Abraham killed his son.
| 0 | 0 |
Dome of the Rock
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Finally, the classic \"loaded gun\" that appears in many of Chekhov's plays appears here, but this is his only play in which a gun is shown but not fired."
}
] |
aW1n0rQhWvYE8fal9uls
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "A commanding and popular figure"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Ever since that time, productions have had to struggle with this dual nature of the play (and of Chekhov's works in general)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "One of the main themes of the play is the effect social change has on people."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Her relationship to Lopakhin is a mysterious one; everyone in the play assumes that they are about to be married but neither of them act on it."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Finally, the classic \"loaded gun\" that appears in many of Chekhov's plays appears here, but this is his only play in which a gun is shown but not fired."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Although critics at the time were divided in their response to the play, the debut of The Cherry Orchard by the Moscow Art Theatre on 17 January 1904 (Stanislavski's birthday) was a resounding theatrical success and the play was almost immediately presented in many of the important provincial cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is often identified as one of the three or four outstanding plays by Chekhov, along with The Seagull, Three Sisters, and Uncle Vanya."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "An alternative view is that The Cherry Orchard was Chekhov's tribute to his own oeuvre."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Famously contrary to Chekhov's wishes, Stanislavski's version was, by and large, a tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Varya is the one who manages the estate and keeps everything in order."
}
] |
This play is the one that popularized Chekhov's firearm as a theatrical / story-telling trope.
| 1 | 2 |
The Cherry Orchard
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peck's parents divorced when he was five, and he was brought up by his maternal grandmother, who took him to the movies every week."
}
] |
aWC3o3YAc9kpJHLaP72s
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While he was a student there, his grandmother died."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She converted to her husband's religion, Catholicism, and Peck was raised as a Catholic."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peck's parents divorced when he was five, and he was brought up by his maternal grandmother, who took him to the movies every week."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Gregory Peck is entombed in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels mausoleum in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eldred Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Through his Irish-born paternal grandmother Catherine Ashe (1864–1926), Peck was related to Thomas Ashe (1885–1917), who participated in the Easter Rising less than three weeks after Peck's birth and died while being force-fed during his hunger strike in 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Overseas and New York (1954–1957)",
"text": "This was because new US tax laws had drastically raised the tax rate on high-income earners, but the tax amount due would be reduced if you worked outside the country for extended periods."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Gregory Peck has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Legacy",
"text": "Originally presented at the Dingle International Film Festival in his ancestral home in Dingle, Ireland, since 2014 it has been presented at the San Diego International Film Festival in the city where he was born and raised."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Worldwide fame (1950–1953)",
"text": "Richard Gilliam of AllMovie argues, it is \"an excellent performance from Gregory Peck\" elaborating that \"Peck brings his customary aura of intelligence and moral authority to the role,\" but David Parkinson of the RadioTimes asserts \"Gregory Peck plays Hornblower as a high-principle stuff shirt and thus confounds director Raoul Walsh's efforts to inject some pace."
}
] |
Gregory Peck was raised by his grandmother.
| 0 | 5 |
Gregory Peck
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier."
}
] |
aWUGXChQOyowhIb03dLC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "He invites the gypsy dancers back and they perform a ceremony in song and dance"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions",
"text": "The American Conservatory Theater (San Francisco) produced \"The Imaginary Invalid\", an 'adaptation' by Constance Congdon, directed by Ron Lagomarsino, in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "There is a dance interlude as Gypsies dance and sing about the joys of young love and the pain when it proves false."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "Argan then tells Cléante to help Angelique sing a song for the party."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "Their song continues until Argan stops it, thinking it dreadfully inappropriate."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "that, they claim, makes Argan a doctor (in the translation by John Wood, Argan suffers a heart attack during the dance and dies, whereupon the dancers stop dancing and assume deaths-head masks)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "At the mention of his daughter's name, Argan flies into a rage and Beralde calms him by telling him about a dance troupe that has come to amuse him."
}
] |
The Imaginary Invalid contains dancing scenes and song intervals.
| 0 | 3 |
The Imaginary Invalid
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the residence of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his family, who moved into it in 2012; at 27-storeys, 173 metres (567.585 feet) tall, over 400,000 square feet (37,161 square meters), and with amenities such as three helipads, a 168-car garage, a ballroom, 80-seat theater, terrace gardens, spa, and a temple, the skyscraper-mansion is one of world's largest and most elaborate private homes."
}
] |
aWkrPXAXe4YWJSHMov1h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Naming",
"text": "The building is named after the mythical island Antillia."
},
{
"section_header": "Cost and valuation",
"text": "Antilia is the world's most expensive private home, costing approximately US$2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "It is considered by some to be the tallest single-family house in the world, but others disqualify the Antilia because it includes space for a staff of 600."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the residence of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his family, who moved into it in 2012; at 27-storeys, 173 metres (567.585 feet) tall, over 400,000 square feet (37,161 square meters), and with amenities such as three helipads, a 168-car garage, a ballroom, 80-seat theater, terrace gardens, spa, and a temple, the skyscraper-mansion is one of world's largest and most elaborate private homes."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & Company Ltd. The home has 27 floors with extra-high ceilings. (Other buildings of equivalent height may have as many as 60 floors.) The home was also designed to survive an earthquake rated 8 on the Richter scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Antilia started building in 2006 and was built in consultation with US architecture firms Perkins and Will & Hirsch Bedner Associates, with the Australian-based construction company Leighton Contractors initially taking charge of its construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "The sale proceeded and the building was built."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2011 it was reported that Ambani had yet to move into the home, despite its completion, for fear of \"bad luck\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its controversial design and ostentatious use by a single family has made it infamous in India and beyond, including severe criticism in the architectural press and mockery in popular media."
}
] |
The Antilia building is named for an island and is the home of one man and his family.
| 0 | 0 |
Antilia (building)
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
}
] |
aWrXSDS924iPBybuA9JK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "Raines was a National League All-Star in 7 consecutive seasons (1981–1987), and was named the Most Valuable Player of the 1987 All-Star Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Raines stole at least 70 bases in each of his first six full seasons (1981–1986), leading the National League in stolen bases each season from 1981 to 1984, with a career high of 90 steals in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "From 1983 to 1987, Total Baseball rated him as one of the National League's five best players each season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Raines batted over .300 in five full seasons and over .320 from 1985 to 1987, winning the 1986 National League batting title with a .334 average."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics | Expos records",
"text": "Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 (90) Led the major leagues in runs scored in 1983 (133) and 1987 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 (90) Led the major leagues in runs scored in 1983 (133) and 1987 (123) Led the National League for times on base in 1983 (282), 1984 (281), and 1986 (274) Led the National League in outfield assists in 1983 (21) Tied for the National League lead in double plays by an outfielder in 1985 (4) Reference: Montreal Expos Batting Leaders from baseball-reference.com Single-season record for plate appearances (731 in 1982) Single-season record for runs (133 in 1983) Career record for runs (947) Single-season record for triples (13 in 1985) ; shared with Rodney Scott and Mitch Webster"
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Raines also led the National League in runs scored twice (1983 and 1987)."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1981, the Sporting News named Raines the National League Rookie of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "In each season from 1981 to 1986, Raines stole at least 70 bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "On January 18, 2017, Raines was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career",
"text": "During the 2005 World Series Championship season, Raines served as first base coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
}
] |
Raines was famous for his 14 seasons with the Washington Nationals.
| 2 | 6 |
Tim Raines
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "A central theme of the \"Ozymandias\" poems is the inevitable decline of rulers with their pretensions to greatness."
}
] |
aWwuqIciJrChZGb3pYhl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "Although the poems were written and published before the statue arrived in Britain, they may have been inspired by the impending arrival in London in 1821 of a colossal statue of Ramesses II, acquired for the British Museum by the Italian adventurer Giovanni Battista Belzoni in 1816."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "The statue's repute in Western Europe preceded its actual arrival in Britain, and Napoleon, who at the time of the two poems was imprisoned on St Helena (although the impact of his own rise and fall was still fresh), had previously made an unsuccessful attempt to acquire it for France."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Ozymandias and the Travelers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Postponement and Perspectives in Shelley's 'Ozymandias'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Johnstone Parr (1957). \"Shelley's 'Ozymandias'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Shelley and Smith: Two Sonnets on Ozymandias\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley's most famous work, \"Ozymandias\" is frequently anthologised."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Travelers from an Antique Land: Shelley's Inspiration for 'Ozymandias'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "In antiquity, Ozymandias (Ὀσυμανδύας) was a Greek name for the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "A central theme of the \"Ozymandias\" poems is the inevitable decline of rulers with their pretensions to greatness."
}
] |
Ozymandias is about the impending fall of monarchs when they arrogantly flaunt their importance.
| 1 | 4 |
Ozymandias
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Final months and death",
"text": "Following an attempt to steal Presley's body in late August, the remains of both Presley and his mother were reburied in Graceland's Meditation Garden on October 2."
}
] |
aX6EYlJGqV3hq9HxouxB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Medical crises and last studio sessions",
"text": "Twice during the year, he overdosed on barbiturates, spending three days in a coma in his hotel suite after the first incident."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "He holds the records for most gold albums (101, nearly twice as many as second-place Barbra Streisand's 51), and most platinum albums (57)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1960–1967: Focus on films | Elvis Is Back",
"text": "Elvis' singing wasn't sexy, it was pornographic."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1960–1967: Focus on films | Elvis Is Back",
"text": "Also known as Welcome Home Elvis, the show had been taped in late March, the only time all year Presley performed in front of an audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | Elvis: the '68 Comeback Special",
"text": "Recorded in late June in Burbank, California, the special, simply called Elvis, aired on December 3, 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1960–1967: Focus on films | Elvis Is Back",
"text": "Presaging much of what was to come from Presley himself over the next half-decade, the album is largely \"a pleasant, unthreatening pastiche of the music that had once been Elvis' birthright\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | From Elvis in Memphis and the International",
"text": "He responded, \"That's fine for me, now how much can you get for Elvis?\" In May, the brand new International Hotel in Las Vegas, boasting the largest showroom in the city, announced that it had booked Presley."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | From Elvis in Memphis and the International",
"text": "Newsweek commented, \"There are several unbelievable things about Elvis, but the most incredible is his staying power in a world where meteoric careers fade like shooting stars.\" Rolling Stone called Presley \"supernatural, his own resurrection."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | Elvis: the '68 Comeback Special",
"text": "\" Binder said of Presley's reaction, \"I played Elvis the 60-minute show, and he told me in the screening room, 'Steve, it's the greatest thing I've ever done in my life."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1960–1967: Focus on films | Elvis Is Back",
"text": "Another Nashville session two weeks later yielded a pair of his best-selling singles, the ballads \" It's Now or Never\" and \"Are You Lonesome Tonight?\", along with the rest of Elvis Is Back!"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Final months and death",
"text": "Following an attempt to steal Presley's body in late August, the remains of both Presley and his mother were reburied in Graceland's Meditation Garden on October 2."
}
] |
Elvis was burried twice.
| 0 | 0 |
Elvis Presley
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "1985–1997 | NeXT computer",
"text": "Following his resignation from Apple in 1985, Jobs founded NeXT Inc. with $7 million."
}
] |
aXHQRqU5YcwCAfrAJR0k
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Innovations and designs | NeXT Computer",
"text": "After Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, he started NeXT, a workstation computer company."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Apple (1976–1985)",
"text": "\"As Jobs became more successful with his new company,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jobs is widely recognized as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Apple (1976–1985)",
"text": "Five additional senior Apple employees also resigned and joined Jobs in his new venture, NeXT.The Macintosh's struggle continued after Jobs left Apple."
},
{
"section_header": "Innovations and designs | Apple Lisa",
"text": "The Lisa is a personal computer designed by Apple during the early 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems | Resignation",
"text": "As it did at the time of his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems | Resignation",
"text": "While on leave, Jobs appeared at the iPad 2 launch event on March 2, the WWDC keynote introducing iCloud on June 6, and before the Cupertino City Council on June 7.On August 24, 2011, Jobs announced his resignation as Apple's CEO, writing to the board, \"I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple's CEO, I would be the first to let you know."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Pre-Apple",
"text": "In mid-1975, after returning to Atari, Jobs was assigned to create a circuit board for the arcade video game Breakout."
},
{
"section_header": "1972–1985 | Apple (1976–1985)",
"text": "A few months later, on September 17, 1985, Jobs submitted a letter of resignation to the Apple Board."
},
{
"section_header": "1985–1997 | Pixar and Disney",
"text": "Iger wrote, \"Who wouldn't want Steve Jobs to have influence over how a company is run?\", and that as an active Disney board member \"he rarely created trouble for me."
},
{
"section_header": "1985–1997 | NeXT computer",
"text": "Following his resignation from Apple in 1985, Jobs founded NeXT Inc. with $7 million."
}
] |
Steve Jobs resigned from Apple and started a new company in the mid 1980s.
| 3 | 4 |
Steve Jobs
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 92nd Academy Awards, it was nominated for Best Original Song, and won Best Animated Feature."
}
] |
aXJAIxciQuclht29MhDH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rumors arose that Toy Story 4 was in production and slated for release for 2015, but Disney denied these rumors in February 2013.Disney officially announced Toy Story 4 during an investor's call on November 6, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "In its second weekend, Toy Story 4 made $59.7 million and retained the top spot at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 92nd Academy Awards, it was nominated for Best Original Song, and won Best Animated Feature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Toy Story 4 is a 2019 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Toy Story 4 grossed $434 million in the United States and Canada, and $639.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.073 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "At least, for now. \" The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin wrote, \"Toy Story 4 reaffirms that Pixar, at their best, are like no other animation studio around."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Possible sequel",
"text": "In May 2019, producer Mark Nielsen confirmed that after Toy Story 4, Pixar will return its focus to making original films for a while instead of making sequels."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Toy Story 4 was released digitally on October 1, 2019, and on DVD, Blu-ray, and Ultra HD Blu-ray on October 8, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Toy Story 4 premiered on June 11, 2019, in Los Angeles, California, and was released in the United States on June 21, 2019, in RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema, and IMAX."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "Toy Story 4 made $47.4 million on its first day, including $12 million from Thursday night previews, the second-highest amount for an animated film, behind Incredibles 2."
}
] |
Toy Story 4 earned nominations at the Oscars.
| 2 | 5 |
Toy Story 4
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Fifty days later he died of stomach cancer at age 53 in his home in Chicago."
}
] |
aXiVF6PouMAqdRrKlbcT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "Fermi guessed that this was due to the hydrogen atoms in the paraffin."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "Fermi applied for a chair of mathematical physics at the University of Cagliari on Sardinia, but was narrowly passed over in favor of Giovanni Giorgi."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "The decision to move to America and become U.S. citizens was due primarily to the racial laws in Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "When neutrons were passed through paraffin wax, they induced a hundred times as much radioactivity in silver compared with when it was bombarded without the paraffin."
},
{
"section_header": "Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa",
"text": "Fermi was advised by Luigi Puccianti, director of the physics laboratory, who said there was little he could teach Fermi and often asked Fermi to teach him something instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many awards, concepts, and institutions are named after Fermi, including the Enrico Fermi Award, the Enrico Fermi Institute, the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station, and the synthetic element fermium, making him one of 16 scientists who have elements named after them."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and legacy | Things named in Fermi's honor",
"text": "Three nuclear reactor installations have been named after him: the Fermi 1 and Fermi 2 nuclear power plants in Newport, Michigan, the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Power Plant at Trino Vercellese in Italy, and the RA-1 Enrico Fermi research reactor in Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "The consequences of the Fermi theory are vast."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "Initially, Argonne was run by Fermi as part of the University of Chicago, but it became a separate entity with Fermi as its director in May 1944.When"
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "Fermi and Anderson did so too a few weeks later."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Fifty days later he died of stomach cancer at age 53 in his home in Chicago."
}
] |
Fermi passed due to a bad car accident.
| 0 | 0 |
Enrico Fermi
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is concerned in particular with issues of class, education, religion, morality and marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The other main character is his cousin, Sue Bridehead, who is also his central love interest."
}
] |
aY2aQWTP01u7SUms7qHc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Elements of the ITV drama Broadchurch are drawn from the life and works of Thomas Hardy, and one character says in a police interview that he had read the book Jude the Obscure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The other main character is his cousin, Sue Bridehead, who is also his central love interest."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Called \"Jude the Obscene\" by at least one reviewer, Jude the Obscure received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "After one final, desperate visit to Sue in freezing weather, Jude becomes seriously ill and dies within the year in Christminster, thwarted in his ambition to achieve fame in his studies as well as in his love."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "However, she soon regrets this, because in addition to being in love with Jude, she is horrified by the notion of sex with her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Because the book has no universal standard of morality or value system, there is no black and white."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "In this version, Jude is a free-spirited female Syrian refugee who works as a cleaner, her cousin is a male relative who becomes a radical Muslim, and she is regularly visited by a figure representing the Greek poet Euripides."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "As an exemplification of this idea, one can turn to Sue’s final decision to leave Jude."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is concerned in particular with issues of class, education, religion, morality and marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "A podcast called \"Obscure\" where Michael Ian Black reads Jude The Obscure with commentary, was released in May of 2018"
}
] |
Jude the Obscure is a story about morality and one of the characters is in love with his relative.
| 0 | 0 |
Jude the Obscure
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It has been suggested that, having taken into account the unusual level of decomposition, Alexander VI was accidentally poisoned to death by his son, Cesare, with cantarella (which had been prepared to eliminate Cardinal Adriano), although some commentaries doubt these stories and attribute the Pope's death to malaria, then prevalent in Rome, or to another such pestilence."
}
] |
aYXb0dWSq8TpkkvqN6KW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Savonarola",
"text": "Moreover, these are not the time for such teachings, calculated as they are to produce discord even in times of peace let alone in times of trouble. ... Since, however, we have been most happy to learn from certain cardinals and from your letter that you are ready to submit yourself to the reproofs of the Church, as becomes a Christian and a religious, we are beginning to think that what you have done has not been done with an evil motive, but from a certain simple-mindedness and a zeal, however misguided, for the Lord's vineyard."
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "From that time on, Alexander was able to build himself an effective power base in the Papal States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1492, Rodrigo was elected Pope, taking the name Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "As for his true faults, known only to his confessor, Pope Alexander VI apparently died genuinely repentant."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "Spanish author Javier Sierra writes of Pope Alexander VI in his novel, The Secret Supper."
},
{
"section_header": "The Jubilee (1500)",
"text": "The Pope knocked on the door three times, workers moved it from the inside, and everyone then crossed the threshold to enter into a period of penance and reconciliation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja (Valencian: Roderic Llançol i de Borja"
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "The Orsini remained very powerful, and Pope Alexander VI could count on none but his 3,000 Spanish troops."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "Showtime's The Borgias (2011–2013) was produced by Neil Jordan and starred Jeremy Irons as Pope Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It has been suggested that, having taken into account the unusual level of decomposition, Alexander VI was accidentally poisoned to death by his son, Cesare, with cantarella (which had been prepared to eliminate Cardinal Adriano), although some commentaries doubt these stories and attribute the Pope's death to malaria, then prevalent in Rome, or to another such pestilence."
}
] |
Pope Alexander VI expired of cancer, as was common of religious officials of the time.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Alexander VI
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though Murray never won a Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award, he finished in the top ten in MVP voting several times."
}
] |
aYpL8CHmcGXFDJM56Tcl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Baltimore Orioles (1977–1988)",
"text": "He was named to the 1982 Major League Baseball All-Star Game along with being awarded his first ever Gold Glove Award and finishing 2nd in the MVP balloting."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Baltimore Orioles (1977–1988)",
"text": "He won the American League Rookie of the Year award."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Los Angeles Dodgers (1989–1991)",
"text": "He was awarded the Silver Slugger Award for the third and final time while finishing 5th in the MVP balloting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though Murray never won a Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award, he finished in the top ten in MVP voting several times."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Baltimore Orioles (1977–1988)",
"text": "He was named to a fourth straight All-Star Game, while being awarded a third straight Gold Glove and second straight Silver Slugger Award and finishing 4th in the MVP balloting."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Baltimore Orioles (1977–1988)",
"text": "He was named to the 1983 Major League Baseball All-Star Game along with winning a second consecutive Golden Glove and his first Silver Slugger Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eddie Clarence Murray (born February 24, 1956), nicknamed \"Steady Eddie\", is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman and designated hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Baltimore Orioles (1977–1988)",
"text": "With the Orioles from 1977 until 1988, Murray averaged 28 home runs and 99 RBI and was a perennial candidate for the MVP award, twice finishing second in the voting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Murray was the eighth child of twelve and still has five sisters and four brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Baltimore Orioles (1977–1988)",
"text": "He finished 6th in the MVP balloting that year."
}
] |
Eddie Murray was awarded the MVP award within the first five years he played in the league.
| 0 | 0 |
Eddie Murray
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has a claim to being Spain's greatest composer of the 20th century, although the number of pieces he composed was relatively modest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manuel de Falla y Matheu (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ðe ˈfaʎa], 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist."
}
] |
aaePhCiT0srjCpGxz25f
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados, he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has a claim to being Spain's greatest composer of the 20th century, although the number of pieces he composed was relatively modest."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recordings by Falla",
"text": "Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Grabaciones históricas; Centro de Documentación Musical de Andalucía. (Almaviva, HOM13080) (ref) Rollos de Pianola (Obras de Albéniz, Granados, Turina, Ocón, Chapí, Alonso y Otros) (Almaviva, DS - 0141) ASIN B000GI34D6"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "One of the lasting honors to his memory is the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at Complutense University of Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "He studied piano with José Tragó, a colleague of Isaac Albéniz, and composition with Felipe Pedrell."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Paris",
"text": "There he met a number of composers who had an influence on his style, including Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy and Paul Dukas, as well as Igor Stravinsky, Florent Schmitt, Isaac Albéniz and the impresario Sergei Diaghilev (Hess 2001a)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "Manuel de Falla never married and had no children."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "Enrique Granados took first prize with his composition of the same title, but the Society of Authors published Falla's works Tus ojillos negros and Nocturno."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Falla was born Manuel María de los Dolores Falla y Matheu in Cádiz."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "That same year he started to use de with his first surname, making Manuel de Falla"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manuel de Falla y Matheu (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ðe ˈfaʎa], 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist."
}
] |
Manuel de Falla has a claim to being one Spain's greatest composer of the 20th century, along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados.
| 0 | 0 |
Manuel de Falla
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain is a 2005 American romantic drama film directed by Ang Lee and produced by Diana Ossana and James Schamus."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1963, Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist are hired by Joe Aguirre to herd his sheep through the summer in the Wyoming mountains."
}
] |
abAUjoM6Y5hHdpvSwAUu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September and was released on December 9, 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain was released in only one cinema in London on December 30, 2005, and was widely released in the rest of the United Kingdom on January 6, 2006.The film was released in France on January 18, 2006, in 155 cinemas (expanding into 258 cinemas in the second week and into 290 in the third week)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Professional film critics widely praised Brokeback Mountain upon its release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain is a 2005 American romantic drama film directed by Ang Lee and produced by Diana Ossana and James Schamus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Universal (the studio of which Focus Features is the specialty division) announced on January 3, 2006, that Brokeback Mountain was the most honored film of 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "International distribution",
"text": "The film received two Spanish titles: Brokeback Mountain: The film received two Spanish titles: Brokeback Mountain: En terreno vedado (In a forbidden terrain) for its release in Spain and Secreto en la Montaña (Secret in the mountain) for its release in Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain was re-released in a collector's edition on January 23, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "International distribution",
"text": "For the film's release in French and Italian, it was titled Le Secret de Brokeback Mountain"
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "On the same day, Brokeback Mountain was also released in combo format (i.e., HD DVD/DVD)."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain was released in Blu-ray format in the UK on August 13, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1963, Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist are hired by Joe Aguirre to herd his sheep through the summer in the Wyoming mountains."
}
] |
Brokeback Mountain was released in 2005 and was filmed in Montana.
| 0 | 0 |
Brokeback Mountain
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "first met director Guy Ritchie, who would later become her second husband, in the summer of 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance."
}
] |
abMhlm1l0WF14Vov5Poq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "They married on her birthday in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "Madonna married Ritchie the following day at nearby Skibo Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "The publication of the photos caused a media uproar, but Madonna remained \"unapologetic and defiant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "Her popularity caused the film to be perceived as a Madonna vehicle, despite how she was not billed as a lead actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "The tour saw the peak of Madonna wannabe phenomenon, with many female attendees dressing like her."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "Madonna moved in with boyfriend John \"Jellybean\" Benitez, asking his help for finishing the album's production."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "After this success, she started developing her eponymous debut album, Madonna, which was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin, and first marriage",
"text": "Madonna received huge media coverage for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "first met director Guy Ritchie, who would later become her second husband, in the summer of 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance."
}
] |
Madonna is a Michigander that has been married twice.
| 0 | 0 |
Madonna (entertainer)
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford, in October 1959 at the age of 17."
}
] |
abPKkOGbDkjUvFksCsZh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1975",
"text": "This included not only the existence of singularities but also the theory that the universe might have started as a singularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford, in October 1959 at the age of 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford in October 1959 at the age of 17, where he received a first-class BA (Hons.) degree in physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary school years",
"text": "The family placed a high value on education."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "For the first 18 months, he was bored and lonely – he found the academic work \"ridiculously easy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "These awards did not significantly change Hawking's financial status, and motivated by the need to finance his children's education and home expenses, he decided in 1982 to write a popular book about the universe that would be accessible to the general public."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Disability outreach",
"text": "Starting in the 1990s, Hawking accepted the mantle of role model for disabled people, lecturing and participating in fundraising activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Graduate years",
"text": "Hawking started developing a reputation for brilliance and brashness when he publicly challenged the work of Fred Hoyle and his student Jayant Narlikar at a lecture in June"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "As Hawking explained, \"If the universe has no boundaries but is self-contained... then God would not have had any freedom to choose how the universe began."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "both described him as \"Master of the Universe\"."
}
] |
Stephen Hawking started his university education when he was 18.
| 1 | 4 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company has 167 locations and nearly 20,000 employees."
}
] |
acCyj2CILKy4wpSTULhW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | EEOC v. Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "In August 2011, Judge Loretta A. Preska of the Federal District Court in Manhattan dismissed the charges, writing that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission did not present sufficient evidence to support their claim."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | EEOC v. Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "In September 2007, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) filed a class-action lawsuit against Bloomberg L.P. on behalf of more than 80 female employees who argued that Bloomberg L.P. engaged in discrimination against women who took maternity leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions | Bureau of National Affairs (BNA)",
"text": "The company produces more than 350 news publications in topic areas that include corporate law and business, employee benefits, employment and labor law, environment, health and safety, health care, human resources, intellectual property, litigation, and tax and accounting."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg News",
"text": "Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through the Bloomberg terminal, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets and Bloomberg.com."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bloomberg L.P. v. Bloomberg Ltd",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. then amended its name to Bloomberg Finance Three L.P. Bloomberg Ltd was ordered at the Company Names Tribunal on May 11, 2009, to change its name so as to not have a name that would likely interfere, by similarity, with the goodwill of Bloomberg Finance Three L.P. as well as to pay costs."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Opinion",
"text": "Bloomberg Opinion, formerly Bloomberg View, is an editorial division of Bloomberg News which launched in May 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Tradebook",
"text": "Bloomberg Tradebook was founded in 1996, as an affiliate of Bloomberg L.P."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bloomberg L.P. v. Bloomberg Ltd",
"text": "On October 22, 2008, Bloomberg L.P. applied for a change of name of Bloomberg Ltd, under s.69(1)(b) of the Companies Act 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg News",
"text": "Bloomberg News was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg and Matthew Winkler in 1990, to deliver financial news reporting to Bloomberg terminal subscribers."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Open Bloomberg",
"text": "Bloomberg has openly licensed its symbology system (Bloomberg Open Symbology, BSYM), and financial data API (Bloomberg Programming API, BLPAPI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company has 167 locations and nearly 20,000 employees."
}
] |
Bloomberg L.P. employs close to twenty thousand workers.
| 0 | 0 |
Bloomberg L.P.
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime."
}
] |
acz7HJmDzWnX8cLt1hvh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In juxtaposing this novel against Hemingway's previous works, Weeks contends: The difference, however, in the effectiveness with which Hemingway employs this characteristic device in his best work and in The Old Man and the Sea is illuminating."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "His 1962 piece \"Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea\" presents his argument that the novel is a weak and unexpected divergence from the typical, realistic Hemingway (referring to the rest of Hemingway's body of work as \"earlier glories\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication",
"text": "Written in 1951, The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's final full-length work published during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "The Old Man and the Sea served to reinvigorate Hemingway's literary reputation and prompted a reexamination of his entire body of work."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "The answer assumes a third level on which The Old Man and the Sea must be read—as a sort of allegorical commentary on all his previous work, by means of which it may be established that the religious overtones of The Old Man and the Sea are not peculiar to that book among Hemingway's works, and that Hemingway has finally taken the decisive step in elevating what might be called his philosophy of Manhood to the level of a religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "The novel was initially received with much popularity; it restored many readers' confidence in Hemingway's capability as an author."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication",
"text": "The success of The Old Man and the Sea made Hemingway an international celebrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "One of the most outspoken critics of The Old Man and the Sea is Robert P. Weeks."
}
] |
The Old Man and the Sea was Hemingway's last novel.
| 1 | 2 |
The Old Man and the Sea
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Heiress is a 1949 American drama film produced and directed by William Wyler and starring Olivia de Havilland as Catherine Sloper, Montgomery Clift as Morris Townsend, and Ralph Richardson as Dr. Sloper."
}
] |
adKl61KQStnTxC1LVSMh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Heiress received universal critical acclaim and won four Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Academy Award for Best Director"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) Academy Award for Best Original Score (Aaron Copland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) Academy Award for Best Original Score (Aaron Copland) Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture (Olivia de Havilland) National Board of Review Award for Best Actor (Ralph Richardson) New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland)NominationsAcademy Award for Best Picture"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (Ralph Richardson) Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black and White (Leo Tover) Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture (Miriam Hopkins) Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "\" The film fades out with Catherine silently ascending the stairs while Morris' despairing cries echo unanswered in the darkness."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1996, The Heiress was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Heiress is a 1949 American drama film produced and directed by William Wyler and starring Olivia de Havilland as Catherine Sloper, Montgomery Clift as Morris Townsend, and Ralph Richardson as Dr. Sloper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "play The Heiress. The play was suggested by the 1880 novel Washington Square by Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "After seeing The Heiress on Broadway, Olivia de Havilland approached William Wyler about directing her in a screen adaptation of the play."
}
] |
The 1919 silent film The Heiress won four Academy Awards.
| 1 | 1 |
The Heiress
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On January 29, 2005, Piazza married Playboy Playmate Alicia Rickter at St. Jude's Catholic Church in Miami, Florida, before 120 guests, including Brande Roderick, Lisa Dergan, Anjelica Bridges, Al Leiter, John Franco, Iván Rodríguez, Eddie Trunk, and his best friend Eric Karros."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On February 3, 2007, Piazza's wife gave birth to the couple's first child, daughter Nicoletta."
}
] |
adekGD30dTaJp8aZLK0a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting",
"text": "During the 1994–95 MLB strike, Piazza and a handful of other striking players appeared as themselves in the November 27, 1994 episode of Married With Children."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On January 29, 2005, Piazza married Playboy Playmate Alicia Rickter at St. Jude's Catholic Church in Miami, Florida, before 120 guests, including Brande Roderick, Lisa Dergan, Anjelica Bridges, Al Leiter, John Franco, Iván Rodríguez, Eddie Trunk, and his best friend Eric Karros."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Mets",
"text": "On October 2, 2005, Piazza played his final game in a Mets uniform."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, he was traded to the Marlins and then a week later to the Mets, with whom he spent most of the remainder of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On August 3, 2009, their second child, daughter Paulina, was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Mets",
"text": "Piazza later caught for Clemens when both were on the NL team in the 2004 All-Star Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On February 3, 2007, Piazza's wife gave birth to the couple's first child, daughter Nicoletta."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Following the 2005 season, Piazza signed a one-year contract with the San Diego Padres on January 29, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Mets",
"text": "Clemens gave up six runs in the first inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the 2005 season, Piazza left the Mets to play one season each for the Padres and Athletics before retiring after the 2007 season."
}
] |
Mike Piazza got married in 2005 and later had 3 children.
| 1 | 8 |
Mike Piazza
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was afterwards betrayed to the Romans and committed suicide by poisoning himself."
}
] |
adzuOWjdkSI5Qis7g8RX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later career | Death (183 to 181 BC)",
"text": "Hannibal, discovering that the castle where he was living was surrounded by Roman soldiers and he could not escape, took poison."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Battle of Cannae",
"text": "Depending upon the source, it is estimated that 50,000–70,000 Romans were killed or captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Hannibal's retreat in Italy",
"text": "He moved to Lucania and destroyed a 16,000-man Roman army at the Battle of the Silarus, with 15,000 Romans killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Hannibal's retreat in Italy",
"text": "He drew off 15,000 Roman soldiers, but the siege continued and Capua fell."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Military history",
"text": "George S. Patton believed himself a reincarnation of Hannibal – as well as of many other people, including a Roman legionary and a Napoleonic soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Overland journey to Italy",
"text": "Hannibal reportedly entered Gaul with 40,000-foot soldiers and 12,000 horsemen."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Battle of Lake Trasimene",
"text": "There Hannibal destroyed Flaminius' army in the waters or on the adjoining slopes, killing Flaminius as well (see Battle of Lake Trasimene)."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Stalemate",
"text": "Hannibal still won a number of notable victories: completely destroying two Roman armies in 212 BC, and killing two consuls (including the famed Marcus Claudius Marcellus) in a battle in 208 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC) | Overland journey to Italy",
"text": "It seems that the Romans lulled themselves into a false sense of security, having dealt with the threat of a Gallo-Carthaginian invasion, and perhaps knowing that the original Carthaginian commander had been killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Peacetime Carthage (200–196 BC)",
"text": "Hannibal was still only 46 at the conclusion of the Second Punic War in 201 BC and soon showed that he could be a statesman as well as a soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was afterwards betrayed to the Romans and committed suicide by poisoning himself."
}
] |
Hannibal was killed by Roman soldiers.
| 1 | 3 |
Hannibal
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Although the train is fully booked, Poirot obtains a second-class berth through the intervention of a friend and fellow Belgian who is also boarding the train, Monsieur Bouc, a director of the railway, Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He instructs the concierge to book him a first-class compartment on the Simplon-route Orient Express service leaving that night."
}
] |
aeOVsYJH61qFSWB9ZSBQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Agatha Christie's Poirot \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010)David"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train, which had been published in the United States as Orient Express."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Suchet reprised the role of Hercule Poirot in \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010), an 80-minute movie-length episode of the television series Agatha Christie's Poirot co-produced by ITV Studios and WGBH-TV, adapted for the screen by Stewart Harcourt."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2001) A thoroughly modernized and poorly received made-for-TV version starring Alfred Molina as Poirot was presented by CBS in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer game",
"text": "The point and click computer game Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express was released in November 2006 for Windows and expanded on Agatha Christie's original story with a new playable central character as Hercule Poirot (voiced by David Suchet) is ill and recovering in his train compartment."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Poirot gathers all of the passengers into the dining car and propounds two possible solutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Simple Art of Murder. In December 2014, the novel was included in Entertainment Weekly's list of the Nine Great Christie Novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974) The book was made into a 1974 movie directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin; it was a critical and commercial hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Although the train is fully booked, Poirot obtains a second-class berth through the intervention of a friend and fellow Belgian who is also boarding the train, Monsieur Bouc, a director of the railway, Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He instructs the concierge to book him a first-class compartment on the Simplon-route Orient Express service leaving that night."
}
] |
Hercule Poirot is riding in a VIP car when the murder occurs in the novel Murder on the Orient Express.
| 0 | 0 |
Murder on the Orient Express
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Politics",
"text": "Hawking was a longstanding Labour Party supporter."
}
] |
aePFrjjNeNLyAdDX5b4h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Politics",
"text": "He stated, \"I have received excellent medical attention in Britain, and I felt it was important to set the record straight."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Politics",
"text": "Hawking was a longstanding Labour Party supporter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "Some colleagues were resentful of the attention Hawking received, feeling it was due to his disability."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "At the 2016 Pride of Britain Awards, Hawking received the lifetime achievement award \"for his contribution to science and British culture\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "Isobel worked as a secretary for a medical research institute, and Frank was a medical researcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "As part of another longstanding scientific dispute, Hawking had emphatically argued, and bet, that the Higgs boson would never be found."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Hawking met his future wife, Jane Wilde, at a party in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "Media attention was intense, and a Newsweek magazine cover and a television special"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "Hawking travelled extensively to promote his work, and enjoyed partying and dancing into the small hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "Hawking received numerous awards and honours."
}
] |
Hawking was a longstanding Tea Party supporter because of the excellent medical attention he received in Britain.
| 0 | 1 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Summer died on May 17, 2012 at her home in Naples, Florida, aged 63, from lung cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "LaDonna Adrian Gaines was born on December 31, 1948 in Boston, Massachusetts, to Andrew and Mary Gaines, and was third of seven children."
}
] |
aeSZ0OwVqOoWgxlKcl4v
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "\"U.S. President Barack Obama said, \"Michelle and I were saddened to hear about the passing of Donna Summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "It's so sad.\" Quincy Jones wrote that Summer's voice was \"the heartbeat and soundtrack of a generation.\" Aretha Franklin said, \"It's so shocking to hear about the passing of Donna Summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Summer died on May 17, 2012, from lung cancer, at her home in Naples, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Summer died on May 17, 2012 at her home in Naples, Florida, aged 63, from lung cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "In 1975, Summer passed on an idea for a song to Moroder who was working with another artist; a song that would be called \"Love to Love You\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "LaDonna Adrian Gaines was born on December 31, 1948 in Boston, Massachusetts, to Andrew and Mary Gaines, and was third of seven children."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "Due to an error on the record cover, Donna Sommer became Donna Summer; the name stuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A nonsmoker, Summer theorized that her cancer was caused by inhaling toxic fumes and dust from the September 11 attacks in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980–1985",
"text": "During the recording of the project, Neil Bogart died of cancer in May 1982 at age 39."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After a record label passed on signing the group since it was only interested in the band's lead singer, the group agreed to dissolve."
}
] |
Donna Summer was an entertainer that was born on the East Coast and passed away from cancer.
| 0 | 0 |
Donna Summer
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Social development",
"text": "After the Gadsden Purchase, southern Arizona's social elite, including the Estevan Ochoa, Mariano Samaniego, and Leopoldo Carillo families, remained primarily Mexican American until the coming of the railroad in the 1880s."
}
] |
aev0axVMbYNHGDZ6U8GO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The Southern Pacific Railroad from Los Angeles reached Yuma, Arizona, in 1877, Tucson, Arizona in March 1880, Deming, New Mexico in December 1880, and El Paso in May 1881, the first railroad across the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "These railroads caused an early 1880s mining boom in such locales as Tombstone, Arizona, Bisbee, Arizona, and Santa Rita, New Mexico, the latter two world class copper producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "Lordsburg, New Mexico (population 2,797 in 2010), the county seat of Hidalgo County, was in the disputed area before the Gadsden Purchase, and Deming, New Mexico, the county seat of Luna County, was north of both the Mexican and American land claims before the Gadsden Purchase, though the proposed Bartlett–Conde compromise of 1851 would have left Deming in Mexico, or stated in positive terms, the negotiations for the Gadsden Purchase resolved the border disputes with Mexico, as well as transferred this land to the U.S.The boundaries of most counties in Arizona do not follow the northern boundary of the Gadsden Purchase, but six counties in Arizona do have most of their populations within the land of the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The portion in New Mexico runs largely through the territory that had been disputed between Mexico and the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had gone into effect, and before the time of the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "In the 1870s and 1880s there was considerable tension in the region—between the rural residents, who were for the most part Democrats from the agricultural South, and town residents and business owners, who were largely Republicans from the industrial Northeast and Midwest."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Social development",
"text": "After the Gadsden Purchase, southern Arizona's social elite, including the Estevan Ochoa, Mariano Samaniego, and Leopoldo Carillo families, remained primarily Mexican American until the coming of the railroad in the 1880s."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "Arizona Territorial Governor Frémont investigated the Mexican government's allegations and accused them in turn of allowing outlaws to use Sonora as a base of operations for raiding into Arizona."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "But these difficulties did force laws and associations in Arizona to curb and resolve them."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "The Anglo-American cattleman frontier in Arizona was an extension of the Texas experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arizona cities of Tucson and Yuma are on territory acquired by the U.S. in the Gadsden Purchase."
}
] |
The high society of Arizona was of European-American descent before 1880.
| 0 | 1 |
Gadsden Purchase
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Access | Taxi",
"text": "Taxis are available at all terminals."
}
] |
aeycxuXDcoYXfmzTfsfS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Access | Inter-terminal transport",
"text": "Terminals 2 and 3 are within walking distance of each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "Each of the three proposals that were to be considered by Sir Howard Davies's commission involved the construction of a third runway, either to the north, northwest or southwest of the airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Access | Car",
"text": "The two larger tunnels are each two lanes wide and are used for motorised traffic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings."
},
{
"section_header": "Access | Inter-terminal transport",
"text": "The pods are battery-powered and run on-demand on a four-kilometre track, each able to carry up to four adults, two children, and their luggage."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The airport was opened on 25 March 1946 as London Airport and was renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Other facilities",
"text": "1 World Business Centre houses offices of Heathrow Airport Holdings, Heathrow Airport itself, and Scandinavian Airlines."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "Another proposal for expanding Heathrow's capacity was the Heathrow Hub, which aims to extend both runways to a total length of about 7,000 metres and divide them into four so that they each provide two, full length runways, allowing simultaneous take-offs and landings while decreasing noise levels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heathrow Airport, originally called London Airport (until 1966) and now known as London Heathrow (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL), is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "There is a long history of expansion proposals for Heathrow since it was first designated as a civil airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Access | Taxi",
"text": "Taxis are available at all terminals."
}
] |
Heathrow Airport does have cabs in each terminal.
| 0 | 0 |
Heathrow Airport
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Contemporary accounts",
"text": "The Battle of Agincourt is well documented by at least seven contemporary accounts, three from eyewitnesses."
}
] |
afFLtIPCh1zKS0SEaMlF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Setting | Battlefield",
"text": "The precise location of the battle is not known."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations",
"text": "The battle remains an important symbol in popular culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Numbers at Agincourt",
"text": "Anne Curry in her 2005 book Agincourt: A New History, argues (based on research into the surviving administrative records) that the French army was about 12,000 strong, and the English army about 9,000, giving proportions of four to three."
},
{
"section_header": "Fighting | Main French assault",
"text": "In such a \"press\" of thousands of men, Rogers suggested that many could have suffocated in their armour, as was described by several sources, and which was also known to have happened in other battles."
},
{
"section_header": "Numbers at Agincourt",
"text": "Juliet Barker also disagrees with Curry's arguments in the acknowledgements section of her 2005 book on Agincourt, saying: \"Surviving administrative records on both sides, but especially the French, are simply too incomplete to support [Curry's] assertion that nine thousand English were pitted against an army only twelve thousand strong."
},
{
"section_header": "Numbers at Agincourt",
"text": "The Burgundians also recorded 4,000 archers and 1,500 crossbowmen in the \"vanguard\", which would suggest \"fourteen or fifteen thousand fighting men\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary accounts",
"text": "The approximate location of the battle has never been disputed, and the site remains relatively unaltered after 600 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The list of casualties, one historian has noted, \"read like a roll call of the military and political leaders of the past generation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign",
"text": "Theodore Beck also suggests that among Henry's army was \"the king's physician and a little band of surgeons\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Numbers at Agincourt",
"text": "The proportions also seem incorrect, as from surviving records we know that Henry set out with about four times as many archers as men-at-arms, not five and a half times as many."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary accounts",
"text": "The Battle of Agincourt is well documented by at least seven contemporary accounts, three from eyewitnesses."
}
] |
There is little known about The Battle of Agincourt and what records do remain are hard to read.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Agincourt
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Football is by far the most popular sport in Albania."
}
] |
afqkj9G9Y9H5Lwwl7Uiy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Albania participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The country made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Since then, Albania have participated in all games."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The nation has participated at the Mediterranean Games since the games of 1987 in Syria."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Albania missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Football arrived in Albania early in the 20th century when the inhabitants of the northern city of Shkodër were surprised to see a strange game being played by students at a Christian mission."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The country have been represented by the National Olympic Committee of Albania since 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Popular sports in Albania include Football, Weightlifting, Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Swimming, Rugby, and Gymnastics."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Football is by far the most popular sport in Albania."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling."
}
] |
The Albania sport, including the Olympic games, that gets the most attention by the people is the game that Americans call soccer.
| 0 | 0 |
Albania
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Vers / Captain Marvel: An ex-U.S. Air Force fighter pilot and member of an elite Kree military unit called Starforce."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Scanline worked on effects for the aerial chases and the accident scene where Danvers gains her powers."
}
] |
agqSlD61zAQCRzAifasU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In October 2014, Feige announced Captain Marvel would be the studio's first female-led film, and would focus on Carol Danvers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Kevin Feige, President of Marvel Studios, said that if Marvel was to make a female-led film, he would prefer it to be a new character to the Marvel Cinematic Universe like Captain Marvel, for whom an origin story could be told."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Later that year, executive producer Louis D'Esposito said the studio was interested in a female-driven superhero film and had plenty of \"strong female characters\" from which to choose, suggesting Captain Marvel, Black Widow, Pepper Potts, or Peggy Carter as possible candidates."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Vers / Captain Marvel: An ex-U.S. Air Force fighter pilot and member of an elite Kree military unit called Starforce."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was officially announced in October 2014 as Marvel Studios' first female-led superhero film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The writers were also considerate of tropes that could be diminishing to a female character but not for male characters, such as things they would not have been concerned writing for Iron Man but did not play the same way for Captain Marvel."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Jackson described Fury at this point as a desk jockey, who has not yet become cynical towards bureaucracy and who learns in the film that there are superpowered beings who could help"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Once again talking about hiring a female filmmaker to direct the film, Feige said that he did not think it would be a requirement to make a \"great version\" of the film, but it was something that Marvel felt was important to consider, even if that female filmmaker does not know a lot about the comics, as \"they just have to fall in love with it once they are presented with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Scanline worked on effects for the aerial chases and the accident scene where Danvers gains her powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "He also mentioned that the film would be about Carol Danvers becoming Captain Marvel."
}
] |
The film, Captain Marvel, is about a a female pilot who gains superpowers.
| 0 | 0 |
Captain Marvel (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson and Sally Field."
}
] |
ahr9Q70oKg461y3zGaVN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, \"I've never met anyone like Forrest Gump in a movie before, and for that matter I've never seen a movie quite like 'Forrest Gump.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Political interpretations",
"text": "\"In 1995, National Review included Forrest Gump in its list of the \"Best 100 Conservative Movies\" of all time, and ranked it number four on its 25 Best Conservative Movies of the Last 25 Years list."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian remake",
"text": "The film will be inspired by Indian history, with filming to start after coronavirus outbreak, and release is not fixed."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "On the very first page of the sequel novel, Forrest Gump tells readers \"Don't never let nobody make a movie of your life's story,\" though \"Whether they get it right or wrong, it doesn't matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "\" The first chapter of the book suggests the real-life events surrounding the film have been incorporated into Forrest's storyline, and that Forrest got a lot of media attention as a result of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Script",
"text": "Both center on the character of Forrest Gump."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As Forrest is finally reunited with Jenny, she introduces him to their son, named Forrest Gump,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film ranks 37th on 100 Years... 100 Cheers, 71st on 100 Years...100 Movies, and 76th on 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Forrest Gump is officially discharged from the army after the war ends."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Author payment controversy",
"text": "Groom's dispute with Paramount was later effectively resolved after Groom declared he was satisfied with Paramount's explanation of their accounting, this coinciding with Groom receiving a seven-figure contract with Paramount for film rights to another of his books, Gump & Co. This film was never made, remaining in development hell for at least a dozen years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson and Sally Field."
}
] |
The movie, Forrest Gump is inspired from a book .
| 2 | 3 |
Forrest Gump
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Trevor William Hoffman (born October 13, 1967) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher, who played 18 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2010."
}
] |
ahrMH7mBvoOz5pgTtlT1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hoffman exhibited a strong throwing arm playing shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Hoffman played shortstop and third base for the Reds' Single-A affiliate Charleston."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | Retirement",
"text": "San Diego Mayor Jerry Sanders declared it \"Trevor Hoffman Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoffman played shortstop collegiately at the University of Arizona and was drafted in the 11th round by the Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010",
"text": "Hoffman recorded his first save for Milwaukee the next day, and the Brewers continued with his \"Trevor Time\" entrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ed would often bring Trevor to the games with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010",
"text": "\"To be a part of it was great because of how much admiration we all have for Trevor\", said teammate Craig Counsell."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1999–2002",
"text": "Sports Illustrated placed Hoffman on the cover of their May 13, 2002 issue with the headline \"The Secret of San Diego: Why Trevor Hoffman of the Padres is the best closer (ever)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Character",
"text": "\"My greatest memory of Trevor is from game No. 163 in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hoffman's older brother, Glenn, was nine years older and played shortstop in the Boston Red Sox organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Trevor William Hoffman (born October 13, 1967) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher, who played 18 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2010."
}
] |
Trevor Hoffman was a shortstop in the Majors.
| 1 | 7 |
Trevor Hoffman
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early opposition political career",
"text": "When Juárez became the president of Mexico in 1868 and began to restore peace, Díaz resigned his military command and went home to Oaxaca."
}
] |
ahy2ilvSaD05uJo7GwyH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His only son to survive to adulthood, Porfirio Díaz Ortega, known as \"Porfirito,\" trained to be an officer at the military academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1938, the 430-piece collection of arms of the late General Porfirio Díaz was donated to the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Diaz succeeded in seizing power, ousting Lerdo in a coup in 1876, with the help of his political supporters, and Diaz was elected in 1877."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career",
"text": "Díaz's military career is most notable for his service in the struggle against the French."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration 1884–1896",
"text": "Diaz expanded the crack police force, the Rurales, who were under control of the president."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His widow Carmen and his son were allowed to return to Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They were allowed to return to Mexico during the amnesty of Lázaro Cárdenas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "There have been several attempts to return Díaz's remains to Mexico since the 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Cracks in the political system",
"text": "As Diaz aged and continued to be re-elected, the question of presidential succession became more urgent."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations with the Catholic Church",
"text": "When he came to power in 1877, Díaz left the anti-clerical laws in place, but no longer enforced them as state policy, leaving that to individual Mexican states."
},
{
"section_header": "Early opposition political career",
"text": "When Juárez became the president of Mexico in 1868 and began to restore peace, Díaz resigned his military command and went home to Oaxaca."
}
] |
Porfirio Diaz returned to his hometown of Jalisco after leaving the military.
| 0 | 0 |
Porfirio Diaz
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock."
}
] |
aj7QqH39bg8M0zWDcbtE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "In this play Shylock gets his wealth back and becomes a Jew again."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The play was entered in the Register of the Stationers Company, the method at that time of obtaining copyright for a new play, by James Roberts on 22 July 1598 under the title The Merchant of Venice, otherwise called The Jew of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate | Shylock as an antagonist",
"text": "In Venice and in some other places, Jews were required to wear a red hat at all times in public to make sure that they were easily identified, and had to live in a ghetto."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "parodies Shylock's tirade. Christopher Moore combines The Merchant of Venice and Othello in his 2014 comic novel The Serpent of Venice, in which he makes Portia (from The Merchant of Venice) and Desdemona (from Othello) sisters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The date of composition of The Merchant of Venice is believed to be between 1596 and 1598."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version",
"text": "2002 – The Maori Merchant of Venice, directed by Don Selwyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version",
"text": "2018 – The Merchant of Venice, adapted and directed by Emma Harding."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice premiered at the Bregenz Festival on 18 July 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "At Venice, Antonio's ships are reported lost at sea, so the merchant cannot repay the bond."
}
] |
The Merchant of Venice details what happend when a moneyleander does not get paid back on time.
| 1 | 1 |
The Merchant of Venice
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The present-day Church has considered his beatification."
}
] |
ajbSrevG3dZQPLdFaXkc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Resisting censorship and exile, the friars of San Marco fostered a cult of \"the three martyrs\" and venerated Savonarola as a saint."
},
{
"section_header": "Reformer",
"text": "At the celestial throne Savonarola presents the Holy Mother a crown made by the Florentine people and presses her to reveal their future."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "From this milieu, in 1952, came the third of the major Savonarola biographies, the Vita di Girolamo Savonarola by Roberto Ridolfi."
},
{
"section_header": "Prophet",
"text": "Without mentioning names, he made pointed allusions to tyrants who usurped the freedom of the people, and he excoriated their allies, the rich and powerful who neglected and exploited the poor."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Savonarola's writings",
"text": "For editions of the 15th and 16th centuries see Catalogo delle edizioni di Girolamo Savonarola (secc."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "She and Niccolò had seven children, of whom Girolamo was third."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "On 25 April 1475, Girolamo Savonarola went to Bologna where he knocked on the door of the Friary of San Domenico, of the Order of Friars Preacher, and asked to be admitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Savonarola's writings",
"text": "Konrad Eisenbichler (Toronto, Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2003, ISBN 9780772720207) Selected Writings of Girolamo Savonarola Religion and Politics, 1490–1498 ed."
},
{
"section_header": "In Machiavelli's The Prince",
"text": "Which Are Acquired by One's Own Arms and Ability\"), Fra Girolamo Savonarola was seen by Machiavelli as an incompetent, ill-prepared and \"unarmed\" prophet, unlike \"Moses, Cyrus, Theseus, and Romulus\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Savonarola's writings",
"text": "Almost thirty volumes of Savonarola's sermons and writings have so far been published in the Edizione nazionale delle Opere di Girolamo Savonarola (Rome, Angelo Belardetti, 1953 to the present)."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The present-day Church has considered his beatification."
}
] |
Girolamo Savonarola was made a saint.
| 0 | 0 |
Girolamo Savonarola
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "He did not die at once, and when he found out that Cleopatra was still alive, he insisted on being taken to the mausoleum in which she was hiding, and died in her arms."
}
] |
ajp6NpPU1Lm8uqLn6ZJW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It took place on 2 September 31 BC in the Ionian Sea near the promontory of Actium in Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "During these months Agrippa continued his attacks upon Greek towns along the coast, while Octavian's forces engaged in various successful cavalry skirmishes, so that Antony abandoned the north side of the strait between the Ambracian Gulf and the Ionian Sea and confined his soldiers to the southern camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Octavian's victory at Actium gave him sole and uncontested control of \"Mare Nostrum\" (Our Sea, i.e., the Roman Mediterranean) and he became \"Augustus Caesar\" and the \"first citizen\" of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "During 32 BC one-third of the Senate and both consuls, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Gaius Sosius allied with Antony."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "However, finding the sea guarded by a squadron of Octavian's ships, he retired to winter at Patrae while his fleet for the most part lay in the Ambracian Gulf and his land forces encamped near the promontory of Actium, while the opposite side of the narrow strait into the Ambracian Gulf was protected by a tower and troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "He did not die at once, and when he found out that Cleopatra was still alive, he insisted on being taken to the mausoleum in which she was hiding, and died in her arms."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "The next day was wet and the sea was rough."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Actium was a naval battle in the last war of the Roman Republic, fought between the fleet of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Queen Cleopatra of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Combat",
"text": "Seeing this, Octavian's fleet put to sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Order of battle",
"text": "He led these through the straits towards the open sea."
}
] |
Marc Antony died at sea during the Battle of Actium.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Actium
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Services | Business model evolution | Phase 3",
"text": "After fine-tuning PayPal's business model and increasing its domestic and international penetration on eBay, PayPal started its off-eBay strategy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | eBay subsidiary (2002–2014)",
"text": "In 2011, PayPal announced that it would begin moving its business offline so that customers can make payments via PayPal in stores."
}
] |
akaSAeNSaWr1m7Xg0DBe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Through PayPal, users can send or receive payments for online auctions on websites like eBay, purchase or sell goods and services, or donate money or receive donations."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "PayPal's services allow people to make financial transactions online by granting the ability to transfer funds electronically between individuals and businesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "One year after acquiring Braintree, PayPal introduced its \"One Touch\" service, which allows users to pay with a one-touch option on participating merchants websites or apps."
},
{
"section_header": "History | eBay subsidiary (2002–2014)",
"text": "In 2011, PayPal announced that it would begin moving its business offline so that customers can make payments via PayPal in stores."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "The settlement requires that PayPal change its business practices (including changing its dispute resolution procedures to make them EFTA-compliant), as well as making a US$9.25 million payment to members of the class."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "The two lawsuits were merged into one class-action lawsuit (In re: PayPal litigation)."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Global reach | India",
"text": "PayPal plans to make India an incubation center for the company's employee engagement policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "From 2009 to 2016, PayPal operated Student Accounts, allowing parents to set up a student account, transfer money into it, and obtain a debit card for student use."
},
{
"section_header": "Regulation",
"text": "PaisaPay makes possible payments from abroad by PayPal account holders to Indian sellers on eBay.in."
},
{
"section_header": "Regulation",
"text": "But state laws vary, as do their definitions of banks, narrow banks, money services businesses, and money transmitters."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Business model evolution | Phase 3",
"text": "After fine-tuning PayPal's business model and increasing its domestic and international penetration on eBay, PayPal started its off-eBay strategy."
}
] |
PayPal at first concentrated on making money from people buying and selling on eBay, but later it came up with other ways to make money.
| 0 | 0 |
PayPal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the prominent Lodge family, he received his PhD in history from Harvard University."
}
] |
al0JlDhnBPreCxKgFQ7T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historian",
"text": "His teacher and mentor during his graduate studies was Henry Adams; Lodge maintained a lifelong friendship with Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the prominent Lodge family, he received his PhD in history from Harvard University."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "One block of Democrats strongly supported the Treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Historian George E. Mowry argues that: Henry Cabot Lodge was one of the best informed statesmen of his time, he was an excellent parliamentarian, and he brought to bear on foreign questions a mind that was at once razor sharp and devoid of much of the moral"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives after graduating from Harvard."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Immigration",
"text": "There is only one way in which you can lower those qualities or weaken those characteristics, and that is by breeding them out."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1872, he graduated from Harvard College, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Porcellian Club, and the Hasty Pudding Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Charles Scribner's Sons. Roosevelt, Theodore, and Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "Lodge appealed to the patriotism of American citizens by objecting to what he saw as the weakening of national sovereignty: \"I have loved but one flag and"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1874, he graduated from Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1875, practicing at the Boston firm now known as Ropes & Gray."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge graduated one of the most popular universities in the US.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók's mother, Paula (née Voit), had ethnic German roots but spoke Hungarian fluently (Hooker 2001, 16)."
}
] |
al65GzHLrpq4BsxJ7gJe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "A native of Turócszentmárton (present-day Martin, Slovakia) (Cooper 2015, 6), she also had Hungarian and Slavic ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók's mother, Paula (née Voit), had ethnic German roots but spoke Hungarian fluently (Hooker 2001, 16)."
}
] |
Bela Bartok had German ancestry from his female parent.
| 1 | 6 |
Béla Bartók
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Moore decided to write the book when her young son began disliking aspects of his appearance; she was reminded of her own childhood, when she was teased for having freckles and called \"Freckleface Strawberry\" by other children."
}
] |
al9l2T8j0a4pjgCgH0K7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "Illustrated by LeUyen Pham. New York: Random House Books for Young Readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "Illustrated by LeUyen Pham. New York: Random House Books for Young Readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "Illustrated by LeUyen Pham. New York: Random House Books for Young Readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "Illustrated by LeUyen Pham. New York: Random House Books for Young Readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julianne Moore (born Julie Anne Smith; December 3, 1960) is an American actress and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was close to her family as a result, but has said she never had the feeling of coming from one particular place."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Moore has written one children's book separate from the Freckleface Strawberry series."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Rise to fame (1993–1997)",
"text": "Short Cuts was one of a trio of successive film appearances that boosted Moore's reputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Worldwide recognition (1997–2002)",
"text": "Director Paul Thomas Anderson was not a well-known figure before its production, with only one feature credit to his name, but Moore agreed to the film after being impressed with his \"exhilarating\" script."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Moore decided to write the book when her young son began disliking aspects of his appearance; she was reminded of her own childhood, when she was teased for having freckles and called \"Freckleface Strawberry\" by other children."
}
] |
Julianne Moore's is the author of several books intended for young readers that focus on being a member of a military family.
| 2 | 2 |
Julianne Moore
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, from 1941-44 and 1946-63."
}
] |
alTpn8iNbA9y6iflPQgH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "The Cardinals played the American League champion New York Yankees in the 1942 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "Over the next three games at Yankee Stadium, Musial had three more hits as the Cardinals defeated the Yankees in the Series four games to one."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "He ultimately remained with the Cardinals for the entire season, posting a .347 batting average with 197 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and family life",
"text": "During his playing years, Musial believed in racial equality and supported Jackie Robinson's right to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor leagues (1938–1941)",
"text": "For a while Musial considered leaving baseball entirely, complaining that he could not afford to support himself and his wife on the $16 a week pay."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1941–1944)",
"text": "After romping to another NL pennant by 18 games, the Cardinals again faced the Yankees in the 1943 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Musial won his second World Series championship in 1944, then missed the entire 1945 season while serving in the Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and family life",
"text": "Musial—like Phil Linz—was noted for his harmonica playing, which included his rendition of \"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and family life",
"text": "He appeared on the television show Hee Haw and in 1994 recorded 18 songs that were sold in tandem with a harmonica-playing instruction booklet."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and family life",
"text": "Throughout the 1990s, he frequently played the harmonica at public gatherings, such as the annual Baseball Hall of Fame induction ceremony and various charity events."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, from 1941-44 and 1946-63."
}
] |
Stan Musial played his entire career with the Yankees.
| 0 | 0 |
Stan Musial
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "It marked also the beginning of a period of peace between the Pope and Philip, as their European interests converged, although political differences remained and diplomatic contrasts eventually re-emerged."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "The resulting Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 secured Piedmont to the Duchy of Savoy, and Corsica to the Republic of Genoa."
}
] |
amYkcNU4CXqQpo77QVg6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Mediterranean",
"text": "In 1560, Philip II organised a Holy League between the Spanish kingdoms and the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa, the Papal States, the Duchy of Savoy and the Knights of Malta."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "In 1556, Philip decided to invade the Papal States and temporarily held territory there, perhaps in response to Pope Paul IV's anti-Spanish outlook."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Under Philip II, Spain reached the peak of its power."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "By the end of the wars in 1559, Habsburg Spain had been established as the premier power of Europe, to the detriment of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations with England and Ireland | King of England and Ireland",
"text": "As the new King of England could not read English, it was ordered that a note of all matters of state should be made in Latin or Spanish."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "This made the Spanish kingdoms and its possessions difficult to rule, unlike France, which while divided into regional states, had a single Estates-General."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "In France, Henry II was fatally wounded in a joust held during the celebrations of the peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Philip II felt it necessary to be involved in the detail, and he presided over specialised councils for state affairs, finance, war, and the Inquisition."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, honours and styles",
"text": "NOVI ORBIS REX\" (\"Philip II, King of Spain and the New World\") and \"NON SUFFICIT ORBIS\" (\"The world is not enough\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | France",
"text": "The 1598 Treaty of Vervins was largely a restatement of the 1559 Peace of Câteau-Cambrésis and Spanish forces and subsidies were withdrawn; meanwhile, Henry issued the Edict of Nantes, which offered a high degree of religious toleration for French Protestants."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "It marked also the beginning of a period of peace between the Pope and Philip, as their European interests converged, although political differences remained and diplomatic contrasts eventually re-emerged."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "The resulting Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 secured Piedmont to the Duchy of Savoy, and Corsica to the Republic of Genoa."
}
] |
In 1559, Philip II of Spain made peace with the Papal States.
| 2 | 4 |
Philip II of Spain
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for four Tony awards including Best Play, Best Director, and two Best Featured Actor nominations for Robert Prosky and Joe Mantegna, who won the production's one Tony."
}
] |
amsNwnNaUyzXpUUNHHpu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross is a play by David Mamet that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for four Tony awards including Best Play, Best Director, and two Best Featured Actor nominations for Robert Prosky and Joe Mantegna, who won the production's one Tony."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The production also won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The world premiere of Glengarry Glen Ross was at the Cottesloe Theatre of the Royal National Theatre in London on 21 September 1983, directed by Bill Bryden."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Highlands is the prime real estate everyone is attempting to sell now; Glen Ross Farms is mentioned by several characters as having been very lucrative for those selling it several years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross has also been produced as a radio play for BBC Radio 3, featuring Héctor Elizondo, Stacy Keach, Bruce Davison, and Alfred Molina as Roma, first airing 20 March 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Tony Haygarth – Tony Haygarth – James Lingk John Tams – BaylenGlengarry Glen Ross had its U.S. premiere on 6 February 1984, at the Goodman Theatre of the Arts Institute of Chicago before moving to Broadway on 25 March 1984 at the John Golden Theatre and running for 378 shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The revival received numerous Tony Award nominations, including Best Featured Actor nominations for Schreiber, Clapp and Alda, with Schreiber taking home the prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from two real estate developments mentioned in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "Alone with a devastated Levene, Roma proposes the two men work together."
}
] |
Glengarry Glen Ross was awarded with two Tonys.
| 0 | 0 |
Glengarry Glen Ross
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since opening the tower has had significant maintenance issues and remains largely unoccupied."
}
] |
an0L5XHseJcVw5RTspsd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Design | Sustainability",
"text": "This reduced the amount of construction materials needed; the Shanghai Tower used 25% less structural steel than a conventional design of a similar height."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The transparent façade is a unique design feature, because most buildings have only a single façade using highly reflective glass to reduce heat absorption, but the Shanghai Tower's double layer of glass eliminates the need for either layer to be opaqued."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "These were blamed on ground subsidence, which was likely caused by excessive groundwater extraction in the Shanghai area, rather than by the weight of the Shanghai Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Planning and funding",
"text": "The first of these, the Jin Mao Tower, was completed in 1999; the adjacent Shanghai World Financial Centre (SWFC) opened in 2008.The Shanghai Tower is owned by Yeti Construction and Development, a consortium of state-owned development companies which includes Shanghai Chengtou Corp., Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co., and Shanghai Construction Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Sustainability",
"text": "The building is designed to capture rainwater for internal use, and to recycle a portion of its wastewater."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Sustainability",
"text": "In addition, the building's heating and cooling systems use geothermal energy sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "A repetitive slip-forming process was used to construct the tower's core floor by floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower is the winner of Tien-yow Jeme Civil Engineering Prize of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower joins the Jin Mao Tower and SWFC to form the world's first adjacent grouping of three supertall buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The main construction contractor for the project was Shanghai Construction Group, a member of the consortium that owns the tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since opening the tower has had significant maintenance issues and remains largely unoccupied."
}
] |
The Shanghai Tower was a bit problematic as it is terrible to maintain and is not even used much.
| 0 | 0 |
Shanghai Tower
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Justin Trudeau was appointed Prime Minister on November 4, 2015, the first time a father and son had both held the position in Canada."
}
] |
an29ct928cY0Hq107kZX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "His opposition to both Accords was considered one of the major factors leading to the defeat of the two proposals."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1980–84 | Resignation",
"text": "He was succeeded by John Turner, a former Cabinet minister under both Trudeau and Lester Pearson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bilingualism",
"text": "Bilingualism is one of Trudeau's most lasting accomplishments, having been fully integrated into the Federal government's services, documents, and broadcasting (though not, however, in provincial governments, except for Ontario, New Brunswick, and Manitoba)."
},
{
"section_header": "In film",
"text": "The first one, Trudeau (with Colm Feore in the title role), depicts his years as Prime Minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1980–84",
"text": "It became one of the Liberal's most contentious policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1980–84",
"text": "A week prior to the referendum, Trudeau delivered one of his most well-known speeches, in which he extolled the virtues of federalism and questioned the ambiguous language of the referendum question."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | October Crisis",
"text": "Five days later Québec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | World affairs",
"text": "Lennon said, after talking with Trudeau for 50 minutes, that Trudeau was \"a beautiful person\" and that \"if all politicians were like Pierre Trudeau, there would be world peace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Ontario: École élémentaire Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Toronto. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau French Immersion Public School, St. Thomas. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School, Markham. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Oshawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Justin Trudeau was appointed Prime Minister on November 4, 2015, the first time a father and son had both held the position in Canada."
}
] |
Pierre Trudeau and one of his offspring have both been Prime Minister.
| 0 | 0 |
Pierre Trudeau
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Many other mushroom species are harvested from the wild for personal consumption or commercial sale."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Edible mushrooms include commercially raised and wild-harvested fungi."
}
] |
anCvWKjT1qRwXP7ElhL1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mycotoxins",
"text": "Mycotoxins may provide fitness benefits in terms of physiological adaptation, competition with other microbes and fungi, and protection from consumption (fungivory)."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Many other mushroom species are harvested from the wild for personal consumption or commercial sale."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Molds used in cheese production are non-toxic and are thus safe for human consumption; however, mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxins, roquefortine C, patulin, or others) may accumulate because of growth of other fungi during cheese ripening or storage."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology | Symbiosis | As pathogens and parasites",
"text": "Many fungi are parasites on plants, animals (including humans), and other fungi."
},
{
"section_header": "Pathogenic mechanisms",
"text": "The majority of C. neoformans are mating \"type a\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Certain types of cheeses require inoculation of milk curds with fungal species that impart a unique flavor and texture to the cheese."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Poisonous fungi",
"text": "Many mushroom species are poisonous to humans and cause a range of reactions including slight digestive problems, allergic reactions, hallucinations, severe organ failure, and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Many Asian fungi are commercially grown and have increased in popularity in the West."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Fungi have membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, sterol-containing membranes, and ribosomes of the 80S type."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use",
"text": "Mushroom farming and mushroom gathering are large industries in many countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Edible mushrooms include commercially raised and wild-harvested fungi."
}
] |
There are many types fungi fit for human consumption.
| 0 | 0 |
Fungus
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later political career (1922–1945) | Appeasement of Germany",
"text": "On his return to Britain, he wrote an article for the Daily Express praising Hitler and stating: \"The Germans have definitely made up their minds never to quarrel with us again.\" He believed Hitler was \"the George Washington of Germany\"; that he was rearming Germany for defence and not for offensive war; that a war between Germany and the Soviet Union would not happen for at least ten years; that Hitler admired the British and wanted their friendship but that there was no British leadership to exploit this; however, by 1937, Lloyd George's distaste for Neville Chamberlain led him to disavow Chamberlain's appeasement policies."
}
] |
anbgkXhTY1lbh7itDXeD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lloyd George's Cabinets | Peacetime Government, January 1919 – October 1922",
"text": "David Lloyd George – Prime Minister"
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural depictions",
"text": "See also: Category:Cultural depictions of David Lloyd George"
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Namesakes",
"text": "David Lloyd George Elementary School in Vancouver was named after Lloyd George in 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Biographical",
"text": "Price, Emyr (2006), David Lloyd George, Celtic Radicals,"
},
{
"section_header": "Later political career (1922–1945) | Lloyd George's \"New Deal\"",
"text": "In January 1935, Lloyd George announced a programme of economic reform, called \"Lloyd George's New Deal\" after the American New Deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Biographical",
"text": "Gilbert, Bentley Brinkerhoff (1987), David Lloyd George: A Political Life: The Architect of Change 1863–1912"
},
{
"section_header": "Later political career (1922–1945) | Appeasement of Germany",
"text": "Hitler said he was pleased to have met \"the man who won the war\"; Lloyd George was moved, and called Hitler \"the greatest living German\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Biographical",
"text": "The Young Lloyd George (1973); Lloyd George: The People's Champion, 1902–1911 (1978); Lloyd George: From Peace to War, 1912–1916 (1985); Lloyd George: War Leader, 1916–1918 (2002) Hattersley, Roy (2010), David Lloyd George: The Great Outsider, Little BrownCS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Jones, Thomas (1951), Lloyd George, Harvard University Press Morgan, Kenneth O. \" George, David Lloyd, first Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Specialised studies",
"text": ", doi:10.3138/cjh.18.1.69 French, David (1995), The Strategy of the Lloyd George Coalition, 1916–1918, Oxford U.P., ISBN 978"
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister (1916–1922) | Postwar Prime Minister (1918–1922) | Foreign policy crises",
"text": "In 1921 the U.S. set up its own international programme for world disarmament that led to the successful Washington Naval Conference, leaving only a minor role for Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Later political career (1922–1945) | Appeasement of Germany",
"text": "On his return to Britain, he wrote an article for the Daily Express praising Hitler and stating: \"The Germans have definitely made up their minds never to quarrel with us again.\" He believed Hitler was \"the George Washington of Germany\"; that he was rearming Germany for defence and not for offensive war; that a war between Germany and the Soviet Union would not happen for at least ten years; that Hitler admired the British and wanted their friendship but that there was no British leadership to exploit this; however, by 1937, Lloyd George's distaste for Neville Chamberlain led him to disavow Chamberlain's appeasement policies."
}
] |
David Lloyd George called Deutschland's Fuhrer in the 1930's the "George Washington of Germany".
| 0 | 0 |
David Lloyd George
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Contract dispute",
"text": "In March 1902, Joss signed with Cleveland."
}
] |
aogfkU1zTnbhHpJLjCeO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He pitched for the Cleveland Bronchos, later known as the Naps, between 1902 and 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Contract dispute",
"text": "In March 1902, Joss signed with Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adrian \"Addie\" Joss (April 12, 1880 – April 14, 1911), nicknamed \"The Human Hairpin,\" was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)",
"text": "To begin the 1907 season, Joss won his first 10 starts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Contract dispute",
"text": "Dodgers owner Charles Ebbets invited Joss for a meeting, which Joss declined, and Joss let it be known that he had told Stroebel he would play for the Mud Hens for the 1902 season, and received a $150 ($4,433) advance in February 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)",
"text": "On October 11, 1902, Joss married Lillian Shinivar in Monroe, Michigan."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "Joss attended spring training with Cleveland before the start of the 1911 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Contract dispute",
"text": "Joss made his major league debut with the Bronchos on April 26, and two days later he arrived in Toledo to turn himself in, accompanied by Bronchos majority owner Charles Somers, who was also American League vice president."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Contract dispute",
"text": "Stroebel also filed a civil suit against the Bronchos, stating that his business had been interfered with, but Stroebel agreed to withdraw his charges in July when he accepted Bronchos pitcher Jack Lundbom."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)",
"text": "Illness during the season reduced his starts."
}
] |
Adrian "Addie" Joss started off with the Bronchos in 1902.
| 1 | 2 |
Addie Joss
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Given its varied and enduring themes of racism, love, jealousy, betrayal, revenge, and repentance, Othello is still often performed in professional and community theatre alike, and has been the source for numerous operatic, film, and literary adaptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Jealousy",
"text": "Othello is renowned amongst literary scholars for the way it portrays the human emotion of jealousy."
}
] |
apS2PXQxSiZq0zElIYLx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act V",
"text": "He then denounces Iago for his actions and leaves to tell the others what has happened."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Race",
"text": "There is no consensus over Othello's ethnic origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Race",
"text": "It has been argued that it is Othello's \"otherness\" which makes him so vulnerable to manipulation."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act III",
"text": "Act III, scene iii is considered to be the turning point of the play as it is the scene in which Iago successfully sows the seeds of doubt in Othello's mind, inevitably sealing Othello's fate."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act V",
"text": "Lodovico appoints Cassio as Othello's successor and exhorts him to punish Iago justly."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Race",
"text": "Desdemona's physical whiteness is otherwise presented in opposition to Othello's dark skin: 5.2 \"that whiter skin of hers than snow\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and context",
"text": "Kerrigan suggests that the 1623 Folio version of Othello and a number of other plays may have been cleaned-up relative to the Quarto to conform with the 1606 Act to Restrain Abuses, which made it an offence 'in any Stage-play, Interlude, Shew, Maygame, or Pageant, iestingly, and prophanely [to] speake, or vse the holy Name of God, or of Christ Iesus, or of the holy Ghost, or of the Trinitie'."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Brabantio, provoked by Roderigo, is enraged and will not rest until he has confronted Othello, but he finds Othello's residence full of the Duke of Venice's guards, who prevent violence."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Religious and philosophical",
"text": "Many critics have noted references to demonic possession throughout the play, especially in relation to Othello's seizure, a phenomenon often associated with possession in the popular consciousness of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 21st century",
"text": "In March 2016 the historian Onyeka produced a play entitled Young Othello, a fictional take on Othello's young life before the events of Shakespeare's play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Given its varied and enduring themes of racism, love, jealousy, betrayal, revenge, and repentance, Othello is still often performed in professional and community theatre alike, and has been the source for numerous operatic, film, and literary adaptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Jealousy",
"text": "Othello is renowned amongst literary scholars for the way it portrays the human emotion of jealousy."
}
] |
Othello's crisis of faith in God precipitates most of the action.
| 1 | 5 |
Othello
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bancroft's parents were both children of Italian immigrants."
}
] |
apXGIuDpnwhz940QSXel
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Anne Bancroft died of uterine cancer at age 73 on June 6, 2005 at Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anna Maria Louisa Italiano (September 17, 1931 – June 6, 2005), known professionally as Anne Bancroft was an American actress, director, screenwriter and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After appearing in a number of live television dramas under the name Anne Marno, she was told to change her surname, as it was \"too ethnic for movies\"; she chose Bancroft \"because it sounded dignified.\" In 1957, Bancroft was directed by Jacques Tourneur in a David Goodis adaptation, Nightfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The following year she portrayed Anne Sullivan in the original Broadway production of The Miracle Worker, winning the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Her body was interred at Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York, near her parents, Mildred (who died in April 2010, five years after Anne) and Michael Italiano."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Both Brooks and Bancroft appeared in Season 6 of The Simpsons."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Brooks produced the film The Elephant Man (1980), in which Bancroft acted."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bancroft was ambivalent about her appearance in The Graduate; she said in several interviews that the role overshadowed her other work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bancroft was also a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bancroft made her debut as a screenwriter and director in Fatso (1980), in which she starred with Dom DeLuise."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bancroft's parents were both children of Italian immigrants."
}
] |
Anne Bancroft had roots from Spain.
| 0 | 0 |
Anne Bancroft
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He later became a professional singer before he quit being on the road and got a job at the post office."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Ed, who stood at 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and 225 pounds (102 kg), was a Marine and a veteran of the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II."
}
] |
apjWtjyLd1AHrrtUrN3e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | Retirement",
"text": "This Is Your Life, featuring over 40 of Hoffman's former teammates and coaches."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic",
"text": "But Trevor took it to a level and a commitment and Hall of Fame caliber."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ed, who did not trust that coaches would protect Hoffman's arm, stopped allowing his son to pitch after he was 12 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Hoffman, whose mother was born in England, was the bullpen coach for the Great Britain team during the qualifying round of the 2017 World Baseball Classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic",
"text": "\"I'd run before, but not at that pace ... I was thinking, I hope they don't call on me because I can't feel my legs under me ... His work ethic is unbelievable.\" Bochy said, \"[Hoffman's] one of those guys like Tony Gwynn—they never feel like they've arrived."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Arizona was afraid of the liability if Hoffman's remaining kidney got hit by a baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Trevor William Hoffman (born October 13, 1967) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher, who played 18 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Character",
"text": "\" After Hoffman resurrected his final season and recorded his 600th save, Macha said Hoffman's \"work ethic and perseverance paid off ... He had to grind it out to get there.\" Hoffman was long regarded as one of the great teammates in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rivera broke Hoffman's career save record in 2011, and finished his career with 652.In 2014, Major League Baseball introduced the Trevor Hoffman National League Reliever of the Year Award, which is awarded annually to the top reliever in the NL."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic",
"text": "He doesn't smile, doesn't show any emotion.\" Padres manager Bud Black marveled at Hoffman's regimen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He later became a professional singer before he quit being on the road and got a job at the post office."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Ed, who stood at 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and 225 pounds (102 kg), was a Marine and a veteran of the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II."
}
] |
Trevor Hoffman's daddy worked as a baseball coach.
| 0 | 2 |
Trevor Hoffman
|
Music
| 10 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "At age five, Orff began to play piano, organ, and cello, and composed a few songs and music for puppet plays."
}
] |
aptbEM3so6mmf69d1QRP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Orff (German: [ˈɔɐ̯f]; (1895-07-10)10 July 1895 – (1982-03-29)29 March 1982) was a German composer and music educator, best known for his cantata Carmina Burana (1937)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "In this highly personal work, Orff presented a mystery play, sung in Greek, German, and Latin, in which he summarized his view of the end of time."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Musical works",
"text": "The text is a German translation by Friedrich Hölderlin of the Sophocles play of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Carl Orff was born in Munich on 10 July 1895, the son of Paula (Köstler) and Heinrich Orff."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "At age five, Orff began to play piano, organ, and cello, and composed a few songs and music for puppet plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | The 1920s",
"text": "Orff's German version, Orpheus, was staged under his direction in 1925 in Mannheim, using some of the instruments that had been used in the original 1607 performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nazi era",
"text": "Defenders of Orff note that he had already composed music for this play as early as 1917 and 1927, long before this was a favor for the Nazi regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Pedagogic works",
"text": "The music is elemental and combines movement, singing, playing, and improvisation."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Influenced by the French Impressionist composer Claude Debussy, he began to use colorful, unusual combinations of instruments in his orchestration."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Denazification",
"text": "Kater also made a particularly strong case that Orff collaborated with Nazi German authorities."
}
] |
Carl Orff was German and played serveral different musical instruments.
| 3 | 12 |
Carl Orff
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He holds the all-time record for ejections in Major League Baseball with 158 (plus an additional three post-season ejections), a record previously held by John McGraw."
}
] |
apz7G8VYUHIbQlfYXq03
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Joe Cox (born May 21, 1941) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He holds the all-time record for ejections in Major League Baseball with 158 (plus an additional three post-season ejections), a record previously held by John McGraw."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "On September 17, 2010, Cox was ejected for the 158th time in his Major League coaching career during the second inning of a Braves game against the New York Mets; he currently holds the all-time record for most ejections (set on August 14, 2007 with his 132nd), previously held by John McGraw."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "In the 156 games that Bobby Cox was ejected, his teams had a winning percentage of .385."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Unlike McGraw, Cox did not have a reputation for having a fiery temper and Cox generally only got ejected to prevent his players from being ejected."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "He was ejected in the ninth inning of Game 3 of the 1992 World Series for throwing a batting helmet onto the field at the SkyDome."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "\"Cox is also the only person among all players and managers to be ejected from two World Series games (1992 and 1996)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cox ranks fourth on the baseball all-time managerial wins list."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "On May 12, 2007, Cox passed Sparky Anderson to become the fourth-winningest manager in major league history, with a record of 2,195 wins and 1,698 losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1986–2010) | 1992–93",
"text": "In 1993, the Braves had the best record in baseball after a pennant race where they overcame a ten-game deficit in August to beat the San Francisco Giants."
}
] |
Bobby Cox is an American former professional baseball third baseman and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) and still has the all-time record for ejections with 158 (plus an additional three post-season ejections).
| 0 | 0 |
Bobby Cox
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of Giuseppe Rossini, a trumpeter and horn player, and his wife Anna, née Guidarini, a seamstress by trade, daughter of a baker."
}
] |
aq4maUetzSnbT7SifI4p
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early retirement: 1830–1855",
"text": "Some have supposed that aged thirty-seven and in variable health, having negotiated a sizeable annuity from the French government, and having written thirty-nine operas, he simply planned to retire and kept to that plan."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Italy, 1813–1823",
"text": "In a letter to his brother of September 1818, he includes a detailed critique of Otello from the point of view of a non-Italian informed observer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | France, 1824–1829",
"text": "In the opinion of the music historian Benjamin Walton, Rossini \"saturate[s] the work with local colour to such a degree that there is room for little else.\" Thus, the role of the soloists is significantly reduced compared to other Rossini operas, the hero not even having an aria of his own, whilst the chorus of the Swiss people is consistently in the musical and dramatic foregrounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\"",
"text": "The writer Julian Budden, noting the formulas adopted early on by Rossini in his career and consistently followed by him thereafter as regards overtures, arias, structures and ensembles, has called them \"the Code Rossini\" in a reference to the Code Napoléon, the legal system established by the French Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Overtures",
"text": "Philip Gossett notes that Rossini \"was from the outset a consummate composer of overtures."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Structure",
"text": "In his comic operas Rossini brought this technique to its peak, and extended its range far beyond his predecessors."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Structure",
"text": "Of the finale to the first act of L'italiana in Algeri, Taruskin writes that \"[r]unning through almost a hundred pages of vocal score in record time, it is the most concentrated single dose of Rossini that there is.\"Of"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\"",
"text": "Rossini's overall style may indeed have been influenced more directly by the French: the historian John Rosselli suggests that French rule in Italy at the start of the 19th century meant that \"music had taken on new military qualities of attack, noise and speed – to be heard in Rossini.\" Rossini's approach to opera was inevitably tempered by changing tastes and audience demands."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"The Code Rossini\" | Arias",
"text": "A landmark in this context is the cavatina \" Di tanti palpiti\" from Tancredi, which both Taruskin and Gossett (amongst others) single out as transformative, \"the most famous aria Rossini ever wrote\", with a \"melody that seems to capture the melodic beauty and innocence characteristic of Italian opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of Giuseppe Rossini, a trumpeter and horn player, and his wife Anna, née Guidarini, a seamstress by trade, daughter of a baker."
}
] |
Gioachino Rossini did not have any brothers or sisters.
| 0 | 0 |
Gioachino Rossini
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The liver is an accessory digestive organ that produces bile, an alkaline fluid containing cholesterol and bile acids, which helps the breakdown of fat."
}
] |
aqSeYQgBwzJwaavdDWZc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Symptoms",
"text": "The liver makes clotting factors, substances which help prevent bleeding."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Symptoms",
"text": "Swelling of the abdomen, and swelling of the ankles and feet occurs because the liver fails to make albumin."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver transplantation",
"text": "Donors with very unusual vascular anatomy, which makes them unsuitable for donation, could be screened out to avoid unnecessary operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Functions | Biliary flow",
"text": "The bile produced in the liver is collected in bile canaliculi, small grooves between the faces of adjacent hepatocytes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The liver is an accessory digestive organ that produces bile, an alkaline fluid containing cholesterol and bile acids, which helps the breakdown of fat."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver regeneration",
"text": "Cholangiocytes are the epithelial lining cells of the bile ducts."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Liver regeneration",
"text": "They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts."
},
{
"section_header": "Functions | Biliary flow",
"text": "Bile either drains directly into the duodenum via the common bile duct, or is temporarily stored in the gallbladder via the cystic duct."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Gross anatomy | Lobes",
"text": "The liver is grossly divided into two parts when viewed from above – a right and a left lobe - and four parts when viewed from below (left, right, caudate, and quadrate lobes).The falciform ligament makes a superficial division of the liver into a left and right lobe."
},
{
"section_header": "Functions | Biliary flow",
"text": "The canaliculi radiate to the edge of the liver lobule, where they merge to form bile ducts."
}
] |
Liver does not make bile.
| 0 | 0 |
Liver
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. \" Lolita\" is his private nickname for Dolores."
}
] |
aqdvRrfaA17Xh5NB4fmu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, Charlotte leads Humbert to her garden, where her 12-year-old daughter Dolores (also variably known as Dolly, Lo, Lola, and Lolita) is sunbathing."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "While other characters silently dance, Humbert narrates, often with his back to the audience as his image is projected onto video screens."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2009 Richard Nelson created a one-man drama, the only character onstage being Humbert speaking from his jail cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and links | Literary pastiches, allusions and prototypes",
"text": "In a princedom by the sea. Humbert Humbert's double name recalls Poe's \"William Wilson\", a tale in which the main character is haunted by his doppelgänger, paralleling to the presence of Humbert's own doppelgänger, Clare Quilty."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and links | Literary pastiches, allusions and prototypes",
"text": "He even called Carroll the \"first Humbert Humbert\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and links | Links in Nabokov's work",
"text": "Unlike those of Humbert Humbert in Lolita, Hubert's advances are unsuccessful."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and interpretation",
"text": "only Humbert refers to her as Lolita."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and links | Literary pastiches, allusions and prototypes",
"text": "Humbert is not, however, his real name, but a chosen pseudonym."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It premiered in London with Brian Cox as Humbert."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and links | Links in Nabokov's work",
"text": "It bears many similarities to Lolita, but also has significant differences: it takes place in Central Europe, and the protagonist is unable to consummate his passion with his stepdaughter, leading to his suicide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. \" Lolita\" is his private nickname for Dolores."
}
] |
The lead character, Humbert Humbert, is a pedophile.
| 0 | 0 |
Lolita
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Name brands are sometimes distinguished from generic or store brands."
}
] |
arE4XgYM858oCZSVuaEH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Corporate brand identity",
"text": "which sets the brand aside from others."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand names and trademarks",
"text": "A brand name may include words, phrases, signs, symbols, designs, or any combination of these elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Global brand variables | Brand name",
"text": "In this context, a \"brand name\" constitutes a type of trademark, if the brand name exclusively identifies the brand owner as the commercial source of products or services."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Branding in terms of painting a cow with symbols or colors at flea markets was considered to be one of the oldest forms of the practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand names and trademarks",
"text": "A brand name is the part of a brand that can be spoken or written and identifies a product, service or company and sets it apart from other comparable products within a category."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Branding was used to differentiate one person's cattle from another's by means of a distinctive symbol burned into the animal's skin with a hot branding iron."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multiproduct branding strategy | Subbranding",
"text": "Subbranding merges a corporate, family or umbrella brand with the introduction of a new brand in order to differentiate part of a product line from others in the whole brand system."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand elements",
"text": "Brands typically comprise various elements, such as: name: the word or words used to identify a company, product, service, or concept logo: the visual trademark that identifies a brand"
},
{
"section_header": "Global brand variables | Brand name | Types of brand names",
"text": "A brandnomer is a brand name that has colloquially become a generic term for a product or service, such as Band-Aid, Nylon, or Kleenex—which are often used to describe any brand of adhesive bandage; any type of hosiery; or any brand of facial tissue respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Name brands are sometimes distinguished from generic or store brands."
}
] |
Brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers.
| 0 | 0 |
Brand
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Renowned for his offensive and defensive skills, he was the first 19th-century catcher elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
arMabPj1mJUXoOgIwKyo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing was the man of whom it was said, \"He handed the ball to the second baseman from the batter's box."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William \"Buck\" Ewing (October 17, 1859 – October 20, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1890, when a player revolt led to the formation of the short-lived Players' League, Ewing led the New York franchise as both star player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the 1947 film Life with Father, set in the late 1800s, Clarence Day's son Clarence, Jr. announces to everyone that the morning paper noted Buck Ewing had hit a home run for the Giants the day before."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Three years later, in 1939, they were among the first 19th century players elected and Ewing"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the first elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame, Ewing and Cap Anson led all 19th century players."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Playing in an era when triples were more common than home runs due to the spacious parks and poor quality of the balls used, he led the league in 1884 with 20 triples, and was often among the league leaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In addition to playing, Ewing managed for seven seasons: the 1890 (Players' League) Giants, the 1895–1899 Cincinnati Reds, and the first half of the season with the 1900 Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was named one of the top five players from the 19th century in a 1999 poll by the Society for American Baseball Research."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing was equally renowned for his defensive abilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Renowned for his offensive and defensive skills, he was the first 19th-century catcher elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
Buck Ewing was a sports player that specialized in throwing the ball at the man with the stick.
| 0 | 0 |
Buck Ewing
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the recitation', Arabic pronunciation: [alqur'ʔaːn]), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slightly shorter than the New Testament, it is organized in 114 chapters, or sur (سور; singular: سورة,"
}
] |
arOrDm5p8q5wCDz7Kqt9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Writing and printing | Printing",
"text": "Except for books in Hebrew and European languages, which were unrestricted, very few books, and no religious texts, were printed in the Ottoman Empire for another century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the recitation', Arabic pronunciation: [alqur'ʔaːn]), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah)."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Ethico-religious concepts",
"text": "Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the formal prayers (salat) and fasting in the month of Ramadan."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and printing | Printing",
"text": "The Ottoman ban on printing in Arabic script was lifted in 1726 for non-religious texts only upon the request of Ibrahim Muteferrika, who printed his first book in 1729."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slightly shorter than the New Testament, it is organized in 114 chapters, or sur (سور; singular: سورة,"
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and meaning",
"text": "Another term is al-kitāb ('The Book'), though it is also used in the Arabic language for other scriptures, such as the Torah and the Gospels."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with other literature | The Bible",
"text": "Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad (by name — Muhammad is often alluded to as \"The Prophet\" or \"The Apostle\"), while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship with other literature | The Bible",
"text": "The Quran attributes its relationship with former books (the Torah and the Gospels) to their unique origin, saying all of them have been revealed by the one God."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Ethico-religious concepts",
"text": "The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the importance of faith, accountability, and the belief in each human's ultimate encounter with God."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for mankind (2:185)."
}
] |
The Qur'an is a religious book about God and not as long as another religious book like the New Testament.
| 0 | 0 |
Qur'an
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the source of the famous quotations \"To err is human, to forgive divine\", \"A little learning is a dang'rous thing\" (frequently misquoted as \" A little knowledge is a dang'rous thing\"), and \"Fools rush in where angels fear to tread\"."
}
] |
arRGQ34Qs6qXOFVdpoFV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the source of the famous quotations \"To err is human, to forgive divine\", \"A little learning is a dang'rous thing\" (frequently misquoted as \" A little knowledge is a dang'rous thing\"), and \"Fools rush in where angels fear to tread\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "As those move easiest who have learn'd to dance\" (362–363), meaning poets are made, not born."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Essay also gives this famous line (towards the end of Part II): The phrase \"fools rush in where angels fear to tread\" from Part III (line 625) has become part of the popular lexicon, and has been used for and in various works."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Thomas Rymer, and Jonathan Swift were among other critics: Rymer, who had the strongest critique said, \"till of late years England was as free from critics as it is from wolves... they who are least acquainted with the game are aptest to bark at everything that comes in their way.\"; Swift's statement concentrated on critics who were damned \"as barbarous as a judge who should take up a resolution to hang all men that came before him upon trial.\" Part II of An Essay on Criticism includes a famous couplet: This is in reference to the spring in the Pierian Mountains in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism was famously and fiercely attacked by John Dennis, who is mentioned mockingly in the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "As is usual in Pope's poems, the Essay concludes with a reference to Pope himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Composed in heroic couplets (pairs of adjacent rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) and written in the Horatian mode of satire, it is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "The verse \"essay\" was not an uncommon form in eighteenth-century poetry, deriving ultimately from classical forebears including Horace's Ars Poetica and Lucretius' De rerum natura."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope contends in the poem's opening couplets that bad criticism does greater harm than bad writing: Despite the harmful effects of bad criticism, literature requires worthy criticism."
}
] |
An Essay on Criticism made 3 quotations famous.
| 1 | 3 |
Essay on Criticism
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Music",
"text": "At least 24 operas have been based on Romeo and Juliet."
}
] |
arUkVTz31lvxKYBvX52K
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Music",
"text": "Other musical adaptations include Terrence Mann's 1999 rock musical William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, co-written with Jerome Korman, Gérard Presgurvic's 2001 Roméo et Juliette, de la Haine"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Shakespeare's day",
"text": "Its many adaptations have made it one of his most enduring and famous stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Language",
"text": "Most of Romeo and Juliet is, however, written in blank verse, and much of it in strict iambic pentameter, with less rhythmic variation than in most of Shakespeare's later plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Music",
"text": "Duke Ellington's Such Sweet Thunder contains a piece entitled \"The Star-Crossed Lovers\" in which the pair are represented by tenor and alto saxophones: critics noted that Juliet's sax dominates the piece, rather than offering an image of equality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Music",
"text": "Other classical composers influenced by the play include Henry Hugh Pearson (Romeo and Juliet, overture for orchestra, Op. 86), Svendsen (Romeo og Julie, 1876), Delius (A Village Romeo and Juliet, 1899–1901), Stenhammar ("
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Language",
"text": "Other forms in the play include an epithalamium by Juliet, a rhapsody in Mercutio's Queen Mab speech, and an elegy by Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Literature and art",
"text": "Of Shakespeare's works, Romeo and Juliet has generated the most—and the most varied—adaptations, including prose and verse narratives, drama, opera, orchestral and choral music, ballet, film, television, and painting."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | 20th-century theatre",
"text": "The cast included Emily Woof as Juliet, Stuart Bunce as Romeo, Sebastian Harcombe as Mercutio, Ashley Artus as Tybalt, Souad Faress as Lady Capulet and Silas Carson as Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Music",
"text": "At least 24 operas have been based on Romeo and Juliet."
}
] |
Romeo and Juliet has had enduring fame since it was written, including 20 operatic pieces.
| 0 | 0 |
Romeo and Juliet
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He often sang smutty lyrics and used the nickname \"Jelly Roll\", which was African-American slang for female genitalia."
}
] |
arl8DuoDOuL9LEvDrL3g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1915 \"Jelly Roll Blues\" was one of the first jazz compositions to be published."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His composition \"Jelly Roll Blues\", published in 1915, was one of the first published jazz compositions."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "After Morton's grandmother found out he was playing jazz in a brothel, she disowned him for disgracing the Lamothe name."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He often sang smutty lyrics and used the nickname \"Jelly Roll\", which was African-American slang for female genitalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe (October 20, 1890 – July 10, 1941), known professionally as Jelly Roll Morton, was an American ragtime and jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Form and compositions",
"text": "Several of Morton's compositions were musical tributes to himself, including \"Winin' Boy\", \"The Jelly Roll Blues\" (subtitled \"The Original Jelly-Roll\"); and \"Mr. Jelly Lord\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "\"When my grandmother found out that I was playing jazz in one of the sporting houses in the District, she told me that I had disgraced the family and forbade me to live at the house... She told me that devil music would surely bring about my downfall.... The cornetist Rex Stewart recalled that Morton had chosen \"the nom de plume 'Morton' to protect his family from disgrace if he was identified as a whorehouse '"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "A nearby whites-only hospital refused to treat him, as the city had racially segregated facilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The article was reproduced in Mister Jelly Roll (University of California Press, 1950), a biography of Morton by Alan Lomax."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His songs \"Jelly Roll Blues\", \"New Orleans Blues\","
}
] |
Jelly Roll Morton was given his professional name because he used the name in his music for people that were white on the outside and color on the inside.
| 4 | 5 |
Jelly Roll Morton
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered by some critics to be one of the greatest plays of the 20th century."
}
] |
as2xkJhoD2q8Sku2E9DZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death of a Salesman is a 1949 stage play written by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "Death of a Salesman was welcomed in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Willy Loman",
"text": "Because of this, Willy thought that money would make him happy."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Charley and Bernard",
"text": "Meaning that he can and cannot see at the same time, since his way of seeing or visualizing the future is completely wrong.\" One thing that is apparent from the Death of a Salesman is the hard work and dedication of Charley and Bernard."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Death of a Salesman uses flashbacks to present Willy's memory during the reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the United States",
"text": "Death of a Salesman first opened on February 10, 1949, to great success."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Compared to Tennessee Williams and Beckett, Arthur Miller and his Death of a Salesman were less influential."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered by some critics to be one of the greatest plays of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "Some people, such as Eric Keown, think of Death of a Salesman as \"a potential tragedy deflected from its true course by Marxist sympathies.\" The play was hailed as \"the most important and successful night\" in Hebbel-Theater in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the United Kingdom",
"text": "Drama critic John Gassner wrote that \"the ecstatic reception accorded Death of Salesman has been reverberating for some time wherever there is an ear for theatre, and it is undoubtedly the best American play since A Streetcar Named Desire.\" The play reached London on July 28, 1949."
}
] |
Death of a Salesman is thought and viewed by many in the critiquing industry as one of the top plays of the 1900's.
| 0 | 0 |
Death of a Salesman
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it was grouped among the comedies, many modern editors have relabelled the play as one of Shakespeare's late romances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Winter's Tale is a play by William Shakespeare originally published in the First Folio of 1623."
}
] |
asiFY6zv00jJZ9fSW76S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Oracle states categorically that Hermione and Polixenes are innocent"
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "Winter's Tale was not revived during the Restoration, unlike many other Shakespearean plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "The title may have been inspired by George Peele's play The Old Wives' Tale of 1590, in which a storyteller tells \"a merry winter's tale\" of a missing daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Winter's Tale is a play by William Shakespeare originally published in the First Folio of 1623."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "The Royal Shakespeare Company Theatre Delicatessen also staged productions of The Winter's Tale in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "A play called \"The Winter's Tale\" would immediately indicate to contemporary audiences that the work would present an \"idle tale\", an old wives' tale not intended to be realistic and offering the promise of a happy ending."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Winter's Tale was revived again in the 19th century, when the fourth \"pastoral\" act was widely popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "However, early in The Winter's Tale, the royal heir, Mamillius, warns that \"a sad tale's best for winter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2016, author E. K. Johnston published the book Exit, Pursued by a Bear, a modern adaption of The Winter's Tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it was grouped among the comedies, many modern editors have relabelled the play as one of Shakespeare's late romances."
}
] |
The Winter's Tale has been categorized as a comedy.
| 0 | 0 |
The Winter's Tale
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ballad of the Sad Café, first published in 1951, is a book by Carson McCullers comprising a novella of the same title along with six short stories: \"Wunderkind\", \"The Jockey\", \"Madame Zilensky and the King of Finland\", \"The Sojourner\", \"A Domestic Dilemma\", and \"A Tree, a Rock, a Cloud\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Ballad of the Sad Café was adapted into a stage play of the same name by Edward Albee in 1963."
}
] |
atBVKotA70fFX8JHF97n
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "\"The Ballad of the Sad Cafe\" opens in a small, isolated town in the Southern United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Ballad of the Sad Café was adapted into a stage play of the same name by Edward Albee in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ballad of the Sad Café, first published in 1951, is a book by Carson McCullers comprising a novella of the same title along with six short stories: \"Wunderkind\", \"The Jockey\", \"Madame Zilensky and the King of Finland\", \"The Sojourner\", \"A Domestic Dilemma\", and \"A Tree, a Rock, a Cloud\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Albee's play was adapted by screenwriter Michael Hirst into a 1991 film of the same name starring Vanessa Redgrave and Keith Carradine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The American playwright Edward Albee adapted the novella as a stage play in 1963, which itself was adapted into a 1991 film of the same name starring Vanessa Redgrave and Keith Carradine."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "The novella ends with \"The Twelve Mortal Men\", a brief passage about twelve men in a chain-gang, whose actions outline what happened in the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "The story introduces Miss Amelia Evans, strong in both body and mind, who is approached by a hunchbacked man with only a suitcase in hand who claims to be her kin."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "When Miss Amelia, whom the townspeople see as a calculating woman who never acts without reason, takes the stranger into her home, rumors begin to circulate that Miss Amelia has done so in order to take what the hunchback has in his suitcase."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "When the rumors hit their peak, a group of eight men come to her store, sitting outside on the steps for the day and waiting to see if something will happen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "Finally, they enter the store all at once and are stunned to see that the hunchback is alive and well."
}
] |
The Ballad of the Sad Cafe is a novella and later was turned into a play.
| 1 | 1 |
The Ballad of the Sad Cafe
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1924, he graduated cum laude from Harvard University, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding and the Fox Club."
}
] |
atOPadQyaPNDOB84K1CD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 – February 27, 1985), sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II, was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts in both Senate seats in non-consecutive terms of service and a United States ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Dinh told the press conference: \"I have defeated Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Richardson, Elliot \"Henry Cabot Lodge\" pages 149-152 from Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: George Cabot Lodge II (b. 1927) and Henry Sears Lodge (1930-2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was George Cabot Lodge, a poet, through whom he was a grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, great-great-grandson of Senator Elijah H. Mills, and great-great-great-grandson of Senator George Cabot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Nahant, Massachusetts, Lodge was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the great-grandson of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | The Multi-Decade Political Rivalry of the Lodge & Kennedy Families",
"text": "The first clash came in 1916 when the Senator’s grandfather and namesake Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. had defeated Kennedy's grandfather and namesake John F. Fitzgerald, popularly known as “Honey Fitz”."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | The Multi-Decade Political Rivalry of the Lodge & Kennedy Families",
"text": "The younger Kennedy went on to serve until his death in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He had two siblings: John Davis Lodge (1903–1985), also a politician, and Helena Lodge de Streel (1905-1998).Lodge attended St. Albans School and graduated from Middlesex School."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to United Nations",
"text": "In contrast to his grandfather (who had been a principal opponent of the UN's predecessor, the League of Nations), Lodge was supportive of the UN as an institution for promoting peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1924, he graduated cum laude from Harvard University, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding and the Fox Club."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. went to an Ivy league school.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa (), Atawallpa (Quechua), also Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in Hispanicized spellings)(c."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1502–26 July 1533) was the last Inca Emperor."
}
] |
auC9e4pVtRVSSnbO5taN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "During this period, he first learned that Pizarro and his expedition had arrived in the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1502–26 July 1533) was the last Inca Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On the facade of the Royal Palace of Madrid there is a statue of the Inca emperor Atahualpa, along with another of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II, among the statues of the kings of the ancient kingdoms that formed Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest ended his reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A succession of emperors, who led the Inca resistance against the invading Spaniards, claimed the title of Sapa Inca as rulers of the Neo-Inca State, but the empire began to disintegrate after Atahualpa's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Before the Inca Emperor Huayna Capac died in Quito in 1524 (possibly due to smallpox, a disease brought by Europeans), he had appointed his son Ninan Cuyochi as his successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-conquest",
"text": "However, the Inca army met fierce resistance from the defending Cañari, which left the Incas so impressed that after they were defeated the Cañari were recruited into the Inca army."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-conquest",
"text": "Atahualpa defeated Huáscar's armies, sent because the Inca thought his brother could overthrow him, and in the process conquered and ruled the Inca Empire as Sapa Inca."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-conquest",
"text": "Throughout the Inca Empire's history, each Sapa Inca worked to expand the territory of the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa (), Atawallpa (Quechua), also Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in Hispanicized spellings)(c."
}
] |
Atahualpa was the first Inca Emperor.
| 0 | 6 |
Atahualpa
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fox spoke freely about her time in school, stating that in middle school she was bullied and had to eat lunch in the bathroom to avoid being \"pelted with ketchup packets.\" She said that the problem was not her looks, but that she had \"always gotten along better with boys\" and that \"rubbed some people the wrong way.\" Fox also said that she was never popular in high school, and that \"everyone hated me, and I was a total outcast, my friends were always guys, I have a very aggressive personality, and girls didn't like me for that."
}
] |
avHDRJNADo8hqMKpc279
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fox spoke freely about her time in school, stating that in middle school she was bullied and had to eat lunch in the bathroom to avoid being \"pelted with ketchup packets.\" She said that the problem was not her looks, but that she had \"always gotten along better with boys\" and that \"rubbed some people the wrong way.\" Fox also said that she was never popular in high school, and that \"everyone hated me, and I was a total outcast, my friends were always guys, I have a very aggressive personality, and girls didn't like me for that."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was raised \"very strictly Pentecostal\", but later attended Catholic school for 12 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "Her tattoos, which she began getting at age 19 as a form of self-expression, helped popularize tattoo fashion."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2013, she said that her Christian faith is still very important to her"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She said that the two were \"very strict\" and that she was not allowed to have a boyfriend or invite friends to her house."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "She said she was \"very fortunate\" to be a part of the franchise, and was looking forward to continuing her work."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 17, she tested out of school via correspondence in order to move to Los Angeles, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\" In the same interview, she mentions that she hated school and has \"never been a big believer in formal education\" and that \"the education I was getting seemed irrelevant."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Megan Fox was born on May 16, 1986 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to parents Gloria Darlene (Cisson) and Franklin Thomas Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present",
"text": "Fox appeared with Dominic Monaghan in the music video for"
}
] |
Fox said that she was very popular in high school.
| 1 | 4 |
Megan Fox
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book has been adapted into a 1990 film, a 2000 opera, a 2017 television series, and other media."
}
] |
avLNgw0aV4ZCoknoOlcN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "For example, Mary McCarthy's New York Times review argued that The Handmaid's Tale lacked the \"surprised recognition\" necessary for readers to see \"our present selves in a distorting mirror, of what we may be turning into if current trends are allowed to continue\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Audio",
"text": "Drink in hand, in front of the TV"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "in this work, she has tried to show how such a takeover might play out."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Stage",
"text": "A one-woman stage show, adapted from the novel, by Joseph Stollenwerk premiered in the U.S. in January 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Atwood, Margaret (1985). The Handmaid's Tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Versions of History: The Handmaid's Tale and its Dedicatees\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Memory and Politics — A Reflection on \"The Handmaid's Tale\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Handmaid's Tale. New York: Anchor Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Teaching Them to Read: A Fishing Expedition in the Handmaid's Tale\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Feminist analysis",
"text": "Atwood goes on to describe her book as not a critique of religion, but a critique of the use of religion as a \"front for tyranny.\" Yet others have argued that The Handmaid's Tale critiques typical notions of feminism, as Atwood's novel appears to subvert the traditional \"women helping women\" ideals of the movement and turn toward the possibility of \"the matriarchal network ... and a new form of misogyny: women's hatred of women\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book has been adapted into a 1990 film, a 2000 opera, a 2017 television series, and other media."
}
] |
The Handmaid's Tale has been turned into a movie and a TV show.
| 0 | 1 |
The Handmaid's Tale
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia."
}
] |
awahMwzoJcw101hmNC0H
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty; April 24, 1934) is an American film, television, and theater actress, singer, dancer, activist, and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "My Mom, Shirley MacLaine. MacLaine has called the book \"virtually all"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "MacLaine has also gotten into feuds with such notable co-stars as Anthony Hopkins (A Change of Seasons), who said that \"she was the most obnoxious actress I have ever worked with,\" and Debra Winger (Terms of Endearment).MacLaine has claimed that, in a previous life in Atlantis, she was the brother to a 35,000-year-old spirit named Ramtha channeled by American mystic teacher and author J. Z. Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The latter of these was released as the acclaimed live album Shirley MacLaine Live at the Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The full story appeared on page 5 under the headline “Shirley Delivers A Punchy Line” with the byline Bernard Lefkowitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012 MacLaine received the 40th AFI Life Achievement Award from the American Film Institute, and in 2013 she received the Kennedy Center Honors for her lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "Gwen Verdon who originated the role onstage had hoped to play Charity in the film version, however MacLaine won the role due to her name being more well-known to audiences at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "MacLaine was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in Some"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and legacy",
"text": "In 2013, MacLaine was awarded the Kennedy Center Honors for lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts."
}
] |
Shirley MacLaine, an American film, television, and theater actress, singer, dancer, activist, and author, was named after Shirley Temple.
| 2 | 5 |
Shirley MacLaine
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "In 2002, she began her career on the children's television series Barney & Friends, portraying the role of Angela."
}
] |
awoSnrftTzCid0pf7sxG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Lovato said in an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show that due to her acting career she was bullied so harshly that she asked for homeschooling, and received her high-school diploma through homeschooling in May 2009, one year early."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "In November 2014, Lovato opened the UK shows on Enrique Iglesias' Sex and Love Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Hobbies",
"text": "Lovato started training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "The third and fourth singles from Demi, \"Neon Lights\" and \"Really Don't Care\", both peaked in the top forty of the US, and at number one in the country's Dance Club Songs chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2019–present: Return to acting and seventh studio album",
"text": "A few days later, Lovato revealed that she would host a talk show, Pillow Talk With Demi Lovato, to air on the new video streaming platform Quibi."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health | 2018 overdose",
"text": "and I'm miserable. I'm even more miserable than I was when I was drinking."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "The song peaked at number 10 (Lovato's third showing in the US top ten), and was also successful in the UK, Australia, and Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2009–2010: Sonny with a Chance and Here We Go Again",
"text": "So Random! with the Sonny cast, featuring sketches from the former show-within-a-show."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–2016: Confident",
"text": "During the album's production, Lovato commented: \"I've already started recording for my new album, and I have plans to record during the tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "Made Better\" school advocacy campaign and has supported DonateMyDress.org, Kids Wish Network, Love Our Children USA,"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "In 2002, she began her career on the children's television series Barney & Friends, portraying the role of Angela."
}
] |
Demi Lovato started her career on the kids show, Even Stevens.
| 1 | 3 |
Demi Lovato
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "However in April 2012, Bryan Cranston revealed that the fifth season would be split into two halves, with the first eight episodes airing in 2011, and the final eight in 2012.Before the series finale"
}
] |
awuGuqIyHlFj5eXaCfmM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Talking Bad",
"text": "From August 11, 2013, to September 29, 2013, eight episodes of the live talk show, Talking Bad, aired on AMC, following Breaking Bad."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "However in April 2012, Bryan Cranston revealed that the fifth season would be split into two halves, with the first eight episodes airing in 2011, and the final eight in 2012.Before the series finale"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "At the same time, Netflix was starting to aggressively shop for content to add to its service, and arranged a deal with Sony for Breaking Bad to be available after the airing of the fourth season."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Talking Bad",
"text": "The host, Chris Hardwick, and guests – who included celebrity fans, cast members, and Breaking Bad crew members, discussed episodes that aired immediately preceding the talk show."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Scientific accuracy",
"text": "In 2013, two scenes from the first season of Breaking Bad were put under scrutiny in a Mythbusters Breaking Bad special."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "AMC proposed a shortened fifth season (six to eight episodes, instead of 13) to cut costs, but the producers declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Breaking Bad: Criminal Elements",
"text": "On June 6, 2019, FTX Games released Breaking Bad: Criminal Elements, a strategy-mobile video game for both iOS and Android."
},
{
"section_header": "Real-life influence | Cult following",
"text": "Cranston reprised his role of the character in a commercial for Esurance which aired during Super Bowl XLIX, one week before the premiere of Breaking Bad spin-off Better Call Saul."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Talking Bad",
"text": "Talking Bad was inspired by the success of Talking Dead (also hosted by Hardwick), which airs immediately following new episodes of The Walking Dead, and the talk shows share a similar logo and theme music."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Viewership",
"text": "Ratings further increased by the fourth season as, prior to airing, the previous seasons had been added to Netflix, boosting interest in the show."
}
] |
Breaking Bad aired for eight seasons.
| 1 | 1 |
Breaking Bad
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
}
] |
ax1NOPaeO7RZsl2xDhBE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Tommy played in one game with the Chicago Cubs in 1927, and Luke played for four teams over 20 years and, as manager of the St. Louis Browns, led the team to its only pennant in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell was a member of Pi Kappa Phi fraternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell graduated from Wetumpka High School in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He regularly scored 90 or more runs a season and twice topped the 100 RBI plateau in 1923 and '24."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "ethic became his hallmarks over the following decade and a half."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Sewell-Thomas Stadium, the baseball stadium at the University of Alabama, is named in his honor and is nicknamed by Crimson Tide fans as \"The Joe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell also had 3 strikeouts in 1930, albeit in just 353 at-bats (as opposed to 503 in his record-setting year), as well as three other full seasons (1925, 1929, 1933) with 4 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He led the school baseball team to four conference titles before joining the minor league New Orleans Pelicans in 1920, where he played a partial season before being called up to the \"big league\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also holds the modern single-season record for fewest strikeouts over a full season, with 3, set in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ray Chapman was killed by a pitch from the Yankees’ Carl Mays in August and became the team's full-time shortstop the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
}
] |
Joe Sewell lived to be over 90 years old when he passed.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe Sewell
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."
}
] |
axSxJ6WJtD4rpmPYzWeS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His plaque in the Hall of Fame reads \"Albert Goodwill Spalding."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1939, as one of the first inductees from the 19th century at that summer's opening ceremonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Having played baseball throughout his youth, Spalding first played competitively with the Rockford Pioneers, a youth team, which he joined in 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Organizer and executive",
"text": "Joining Chicago initially were the leading teams from Cincinnati, Louisville, and St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Tour",
"text": "The tour included future Hall of Famers Cap Anson and John Montgomery Ward."
},
{
"section_header": "Other activities",
"text": "He joined with George Marston and other civic-minded businessmen to purchase the site of the original Presidio of San Diego, which they developed as a historic park and eventually donated to the city of San Diego."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Following the formation of baseball's first professional organization, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (which became known as the National Association, the Association, or NA) in 1871, Spalding joined the Boston Red Stockings (precursor club to the modern Atlanta Braves) and was highly successful; winning 206 games (and losing only 53) as a pitcher and batting .323 as a hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Tour",
"text": "In 1888–1889, Spalding took a group of major league players around the world to promote baseball and Spalding sporting goods."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Rulemaker",
"text": "Spalding published the first official rules guide for baseball."
}
] |
Al Spalding joined the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1942
| 1 | 5 |
Al Spalding
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "He is a genius that we Scandinavians cannot do other than love.\"Edvard"
}
] |
axW1iAyAYamhYppNReSc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His use and development of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions brought the music of Norway to international consciousness, as well as helping to develop a national identity, much as Jean Sibelius did in Finland and Bedřich Smetana did in Bohemia."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Russian composer Nikolai Myaskovsky used a theme by Grieg for the variations with which he closed his Third String Quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "He is a genius that we Scandinavians cannot do other than love.\"Edvard"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "The music ends with Peer escaping from the mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Some of Grieg's early works include a symphony (which he later suppressed) and a piano sonata."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "A century after his death, Grieg's legacy extends beyond the field of music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "\"Grieg's Holberg Suite was originally written for the piano, and later arranged by the composer for string orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In this piece of music, the adventures of the anti-hero, Peer Gynt, are related, including the episode in which he steals a bride at her wedding."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "Grainger was a great admirer of Grieg's music and a strong empathy was quickly established."
}
] |
Grieg's music is popular in the classical world and his use of his Scandinavian roots in music helped him become well known.
| 1 | 2 |
Edvard Grieg
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit but eventually developed into a much larger work."
}
] |
axZsuMy11Df23aOijUx3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Background",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings started as a sequel to J. R. R. Tolkien's work"
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Writing",
"text": "The original manuscripts, which total 9,250 pages, now reside in the J. R. R. Tolkien Collection at Marquette University."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Following J. R. R. Tolkien's sale of the film rights for The Lord of the Rings to United Artists in 1969, rock band The Beatles considered a corresponding film project."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The first was J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi, the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story; it covers The Fellowship of the Ring and part of The Two Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Writing",
"text": "Writing stories in prose or verse has been stolen, often guiltily, from time already mortgaged... \" Tolkien abandoned The Lord of the Rings during most of 1943 and only restarted it in April 1944, as a serial for his son Christopher Tolkien, who was sent chapters as they were written while he was serving in South Africa with the Royal Air Force."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence on the fantasy genre",
"text": "Research also suggests that some consumers of fantasy games derive their motivation from trying to create an epic fantasy narrative which is influenced by The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Writing",
"text": "Tolkien made another major effort in 1946, and showed the manuscript to his publishers in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Writing",
"text": "Originally, he planned to write a story in which Bilbo had used up all his treasure and was looking for another adventure to gain more; however, he remembered the Ring and its powers and thought that would be a better focus for the new work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit but eventually developed into a much larger work."
}
] |
The Lord of the Rings is a book written by J. R. R. Tolkien that is the prequel to another one of his famous fantasy writings.
| 3 | 4 |
The Lord of the Rings
|
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