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History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known as \"Bertie\" among his family and close friends, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort."
}
] |
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|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Albert assumed the regnal name \"George VI\" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known as \"Bertie\" among his family and close friends, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Duchess of Teck did not like the first name her grandson had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name \"may supplant the less favoured one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London, despite German bombing raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "There was no Durbar held in Delhi for George VI, as had occurred for his father, as the cost would have been a burden to the Government of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Queen was mollified by the proposal to name the new baby Albert, and wrote to the Duchess of York: \"I am all impatience to see the new one, born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me, especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good.\" Consequently, he was baptised \"Albert Frederick Arthur George\" at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, three months later."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The future George VI was born at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "George VI was forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to him automatically."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "George VI wrote to his brother Edward that in the aftermath of the abdication he had reluctantly assumed \"a rocking throne\" and tried \"to make it steady again\"."
}
] |
George VI was named after his uncle.
| 2 | 6 |
George VI
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She used to take her class notes in Persian."
}
] |
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|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2017, Farzanegan High school – the high school Mirzakhani formerly attended – named their amphitheater and library after her."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She used to take her class notes in Persian."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "\"Upon her death, several Iranian newspapers, along with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, broke taboo and published photographs of Mirzakhani with her hair uncovered, a gesture that was widely noted in the press and on social media."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2016, Maryam Mirzakhani was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences, making her the first Iranian woman to be officially accepted as a member of the academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "As a child, she attended Tehran Farzanegan School, part of the National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maryam Mirzakhani (Persian: مریم میرزاخانی, pronounced [mæɾˈjæm miːɾzɑːxɑːˈniː]; 12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017) was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "On 2 February 2018, Satellogic, a high-resolution Earth observation imaging and analytics company, launched a ÑuSat type micro-satellite named in honor of Maryam Mirzakhani."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In November 4, 2019 The Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced that the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize has been created to be awarded to outstanding women in the field of mathematics each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Numerous obituaries and tributes were published in the days following Maryam Mirzakhani's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In her junior and senior year of high school, she won the gold medal for mathematics in the Iranian National Olympiad, thus allowing her to bypass the national college entrance exams."
}
] |
Maryam Mirzakhani took her school notes in English.
| 2 | 6 |
Maryam Mirzakhani
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ward attended the Bellefonte Academy in the early 1870s, and at 13 years of age, he was sent to Pennsylvania State University."
},
{
"section_header": "New York and reserve clause",
"text": "Ward graduated from Columbia Law School in 1885 and led the players in forming the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players, the first sports labor union."
}
] |
Z9JAlr4BcrEzJuNqKdAJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays",
"text": "As a 19-year-old pitcher, he won 47 games and led the 1879 Providence Grays to a first-place finish."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays",
"text": "On June 17, 1880, Ward pitched the second perfect game in baseball history, defeating future Hall of Famer Pud Galvin and the Buffalo Bisons, 5–0."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ward attended the Bellefonte Academy in the early 1870s, and at 13 years of age, he was sent to Pennsylvania State University."
},
{
"section_header": "New York and reserve clause",
"text": "Ward and the players had become frustrated with the owners' reserve clause, which allowed them to sign players to one-year contracts and then not allow them to negotiate with other teams when those contracts expired."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The following year, in 1874, his parents James and Ruth died."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays",
"text": "He pitched nearly 600 innings each year (587.0 in 1879 and 595.0 in 1880)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Players' League",
"text": "The season began in 1890 with over half of the National League's players from the previous year in its ranks."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays",
"text": "He still pitched well when he did pitch, winning 37 games over those two seasons and having ERAs of 2.13 and 2.59 respectively, and on August 17, 1882, he pitched the longest complete game shutout in history, blanking the Detroit Wolverines 1–0 in 18 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays",
"text": "The next perfect game by a National League pitcher would not happen for 84 years, when Jim Bunning pitched a perfect game in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "New York and reserve clause",
"text": "Ward was furious and left the tour early."
},
{
"section_header": "New York and reserve clause",
"text": "Ward graduated from Columbia Law School in 1885 and led the players in forming the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players, the first sports labor union."
}
] |
Ward went to Cornell at 17 years old.
| 3 | 6 |
John Montgomery Ward
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty."
}
] |
Z9YeGzh5qUuItdb6qhW7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "During the last years of the Wanli era and those of his two successors, an economic crisis developed that was centered on a sudden widespread lack of the empire's chief medium of exchange: silver."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding | Revolt and rebel rivalry",
"text": "The last Yuan emperor fled north to the upper capital Shangdu, and Zhu declared the founding of the Ming dynasty after razing the Yuan palaces in Dadu to the ground; the city was renamed Beiping in the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "The central government, starved of resources, could do very little to mitigate the effects of these calamities."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Personnel | Eunuchs, princes, and generals",
"text": "However, military officers had less prestige than officials."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by Han Chinese."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "During the turmoil, the last Ming emperor hanged himself on a tree in the imperial garden outside the Forbidden City."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "The last Marquis of Extended Grance was Zhu Yuxun (朱煜勳)."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Literature and arts",
"text": "The artist Qiu Ying was once paid 2.8 kg (100 oz) of silver to paint a long handscroll for the eightieth birthday celebration of the mother of a wealthy patron."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Economic breakdown and natural disasters",
"text": "People began hoarding precious silver as there was progressively less of it, forcing the ratio of the value of copper to silver into a steep decline."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "Each bastion of resistance was individually defeated by the Qing until 1662, when the last southern Ming Emperor died, the Yongli Emperor, Zhu Youlang."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty."
}
] |
The Great Ming lasted a little less than 100 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Ming Dynasty
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film explores the psychology and fallout of divorce and touches upon prevailing or emerging social issues such as gender roles, women's rights, fathers' rights, work-life balance, and single parents."
}
] |
Z9aJt3sqoyJQJiDKA6mF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer reflected a cultural shift which occurred during the 1970s, when ideas about motherhood and fatherhood were changing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer was theatrically released on December 19, 1979, by Columbia Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "In 1995, Kramer vs. Kramer was remade in India as Akele Hum Akele Tum, starring Aamir Khan and Manisha Koirala."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American legal drama film written and directed by Robert Benton, based on Avery Corman's 1977 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "That's what makes Kramer vs. Kramer such a touching film: We get the feeling at times that personalities are changing and decisions are being made even as we watch them.\" Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it a \"fine, witty, moving, most intelligent adaptation of Avery Corman's best-selling novel,\" with Streep giving \"one of the major performances of the year\" and Hoffman \"splendid in one of the two or three best roles of his career.\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, \"'Kramer vs. Kramer' never loses its low-key, realistic touch."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Meryl Streep as Joanna (Stern) Kramer"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Justin Henry as Billy Kramer Jane Alexander as Margaret Phelps"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ted Kramer (Dustin Hoffman) is a workaholic advertising executive who has just been assigned a new and very important account."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "\"How do I look?\" As the elevator doors start to close on Joanna, Ted answers, \"Terrific.\" Dustin Hoffman as Ted Kramer"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "After all, its story is not all that unusual.\" He thought that Hoffman gave \"one of his most memorable performances\" and \"should win the Academy Award next April.\" Variety wrote, \"Stories on screen about men leaving women, and women leaving men have been abundant as of late, but hardly any has grappled with the issue in such a forthright and honest fashion as 'Kramer' ... While a nasty court battle ensues, the human focus is never abandoned, and it's to the credit of not only Benton and Jaffe, but especially Hoffman and Streep, that both leading characters emerge as credible and sympathetic.\" Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times declared it \"as nearly perfect a film as can be\" and \"a motion picture with an emotional wallop second to none this year.\" Gary Arnold of The Washington Post called the film \"a triumph of partisan pathos, a celebration of father-son bonding that astutely succeeds where tearjerkers like 'The Champ' so mawkishly failed.\" Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic wrote \"All the people go through expected difficulties the way that runners take the hurdles in a track event: no surprise in it"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film explores the psychology and fallout of divorce and touches upon prevailing or emerging social issues such as gender roles, women's rights, fathers' rights, work-life balance, and single parents."
}
] |
Kramer vs. Kramer reflects the stable family values of the 70's.
| 1 | 1 |
Kramer vs. Kramer
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Military coup | Outcome",
"text": "The rebels failed to take any major cities with the critical exception of Seville, which provided a landing point for Franco's African troops, and the primarily conservative and Catholic areas of Old Castile and León, which fell quickly."
}
] |
Z9hepRV9GLugSX2DRFyc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The coup was supported by military units in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Zaragoza, Valladolid, Cádiz, Córdoba, and Seville."
},
{
"section_header": "Atrocities | Nationalists",
"text": "The notion of a limpieza (cleansing) formed an essential part of the rebel strategy, and the process began immediately after an area had been captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It remained in power until the culmination of the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War exposed political divisions across Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of the war | 1937",
"text": "The \"War in the North\" began in mid-March, with the Biscay Campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Military coup | Outcome",
"text": "The result of the coup was a nationalist area of control containing 11 million of Spain's population of 25 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of the war | 1936",
"text": "On 21 July, the fifth day of the rebellion, the Nationalists captured the central Spanish naval base, located in Ferrol, Galicia."
},
{
"section_header": "Military coup | Outcome",
"text": "Hugh Thomas suggested that the civil war could have ended in the favour of either side almost immediately if certain decisions had been taken during the initial coup."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War involved large numbers of non-Spanish citizens who participated in combat and advisory positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Military coup | Outcome",
"text": "The rebels failed to take any major cities with the critical exception of Seville, which provided a landing point for Franco's African troops, and the primarily conservative and Catholic areas of Old Castile and León, which fell quickly."
}
] |
The coup that began the Spanish Civil War resulted in the capture of Seville.
| 0 | 0 |
Spanish Civil War
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Akbar also established the library of Fatehpur Sikri exclusively for women, and he decreed that schools for the education of both Muslims and Hindus should be established throughout the realm."
}
] |
ZALBnrEsK74ye8aAWqXE
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was fond of literature, and created a library of over 24,000 volumes written in Sanskrit, Urdu, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Kashmiri, staffed by many scholars, translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders and readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Akbar also established the library of Fatehpur Sikri exclusively for women, and he decreed that schools for the education of both Muslims and Hindus should be established throughout the realm."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"India\". Encyclopedia of Library History."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "Shams belonged to the great men of the country, and had long cherished this wish."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Akbar is mentioned as 'Raja Baadshah' in the Chhattisgarhi folktale of \"Mohna de gori kayina\" Akbar is the main character in Empire of the Moghul: Ruler of the World by Alex Rutherford, the third book in a sextet based on the six great Mughal Emperors of the Mughal Dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accounts | Akbarnāma, the Book of Akbar",
"text": "The Akbarnāma (Persian: اکبر نامہ), which literally means Book of Akbar, is an official biographical account of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor (r. 1542–1605), written in Persian."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Volume VII: The Mughal Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Safavids and Kandahar",
"text": "In 1558, while Akbar was consolidating his rule over northern India, the Safavid emperor, Tahmasp I, had seized Kandahar and expelled its Mughal governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Holy men of many faiths, poets, architects, and artisans adorned his court from all over the world for study and discussion."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India",
"text": "Following a third revolt with the proclamation of Mirza Muhammad Hakim, Akbar's brother and the Mughal ruler of Kabul, as emperor, his patience was finally exhausted."
}
] |
The third Mughal emperor Akbar the Great created a library of over 24,000 volumes and all his libraries were accessible to men and women.
| 2 | 3 |
Akbar
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Stabilization of building and reconstruction",
"text": "Reconstruction could not begin before early 2021."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bells",
"text": "These are mute, although a project is planned to restore the Carillon to its former glory."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Stabilization of building and reconstruction",
"text": "Reconstruction could not begin before early 2021."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells",
"text": "It is in charge of the Small Solennel, which is similar to the Great Solennel except that the ringing peal starts with the bourdon and the eight bells in the north tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stabilizing the structure against possible collapse is expected to continue until the end of 2020, with reconstruction beginning in 2021."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "In 1844 King Louis Philippe ordered that the church be restored."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "In totality, the restoration cost over 12 million francs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "The entire renovation was estimated to cost €100 million, which the Archbishop of Paris planned to raise through funds from the national government and private donations."
},
{
"section_header": "Towers and the spire",
"text": "Following Viollet-le-Duc's plans, the spire was surrounded by copper statues of the twelve Apostles—a group of three at each point of the compass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | Stabilization of building and reconstruction",
"text": "In October 2019, the French government announced that the first stage of reconstruction, the stabilising of the structure against collapse, would take until the end of 2021."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "The west face was cleaned and restored in time for millennium celebrations in December 1999."
}
] |
The restoration of Notre-Dame is planned to start in 2021.
| 1 | 4 |
Notre-Dame de Paris
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The novel has a circular structure, following Chichikov as he visits the estates of landowners living around the capital of a guberniya."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "Poema\", which contracted to merely \"Dead Souls\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The story follows the exploits of Chichikov, a middle-aged gentleman of middling social class and means."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The novel has a circular structure, following Chichikov as he visits the estates of landowners living around the capital of a guberniya."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The plot of the novel relies on \"dead souls\" (i.e., \"dead serfs\") which are still accounted for in property registers."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The original title, as shown on the illustration (cover page), was \"The Wanderings of Chichikov, or Dead Souls."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel was adapted for screen in 1984 by Mikhail Schweitzer as a television miniseries Dead Souls."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "His macabre mission to acquire \"dead souls\" is actually just another one of his \"get rich quick\" schemes."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Michael Palin narrates the story, but is revealed actually to be following Chichikov, riding in his coach for example, or sleeping in the same bed, constantly irritating Chichikov with his running exposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Unlike the short stories, however, Dead Souls was meant to offer solutions rather than simply point out problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Censuses in this period were infrequent, so landowners would often be paying taxes on serfs that were no longer living, thus the \"dead souls."
}
] |
Dead Souls follow a “round” pattern.
| 1 | 2 |
Dead Souls
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A filmed version of Arms and the Man in German entitled Helden (Heroes) starring O. W. Fischer and Liselotte Pulver was runner up for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958."
}
] |
ZBdjyNFjmRX6fWQiBxS3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man was one of Shaw's first commercial successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"It is probably the wittiest play he ever wrote, the most flawless technically, and in spite of being a very light comedy, the most telling.\" Orwell says that Arms and the Man wears well"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A filmed version of Arms and the Man in German entitled Helden (Heroes) starring O. W. Fischer and Liselotte Pulver was runner up for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "Marlon Brando's final stage appearance was in Arms and the Man in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "George Orwell said that Arms and the Man was written when Shaw was at the height of his powers as a dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": ", New York put on a production of Arms and the Man in 1983 with Kelsey Grammer as Sergius."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1932 British film adaptation was directed by Cecil Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "so many?\"Arms and the Man is a humorous play that shows the futility of war and deals comedically with the hypocrisies of human nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Pejorative military use of the term \"chocolate soldier\"",
"text": "Similarly, members of the Australian Citizens Military Force were derided by the regular army as \"chokos\" or chocolate soldiers, the implication being that they were not real soldiers."
}
] |
The play Arms and the Man was not successful enough to be made into a film.
| 0 | 0 |
Arms and the Man
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Marriage and children",
"text": "Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he moved to New Salem."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Marriage and children",
"text": "She died on August 25, 1835, most likely of typhoid fever."
}
] |
ZBgre8mxbY72c6zhcpco
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Early life",
"text": "They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died an infant."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Mother's death",
"text": "His stepmother acknowledged he did not enjoy \"physical labor\", but loved to read."
},
{
"section_header": "Health",
"text": "Several claims have been made that Lincoln's health was declining before the assassination."
},
{
"section_header": "Republican politics 1854–1860 | Lincoln–Douglas debates and Cooper Union speech",
"text": "Journalist Noah Brooks reported, \"No man ever before made such an impression on his first appeal to a New York audience.\"Historian"
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Marriage and children",
"text": "A wedding set for January 1, 1841 was canceled at Lincoln's request, but they reconciled and married on November 4, 1842, in the Springfield mansion of Mary's sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Native American policy",
"text": "Lincoln's experience with Indians followed the death of his grandfather Abraham at their hands, in the presence of his father and uncles."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memory and memorials",
"text": "Memorials in Springfield, Illinois include Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Lincoln's home, as well as his tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Marriage and children",
"text": "Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he moved to New Salem."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Secession and inauguration",
"text": "In response to Lincoln's election, secessionists implemented plans to leave the Union before he took office in March 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Marriage and children",
"text": "Lincoln's third son, \"Willie\" Lincoln was born on December 21, 1850, and died of a fever at the White House on February 20, 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Marriage and children",
"text": "She died on August 25, 1835, most likely of typhoid fever."
}
] |
Abraham Lincoln's first love died before they could get married.
| 0 | 0 |
Abraham Lincoln
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Specifically, the foundation is supporting the International Rice Research Institute in developing Golden Rice, a genetically modified rice variant used to combat vitamin A deficiency."
}
] |
ZBqai5UvUFr9mXjXCo7L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the \"William H. Gates Foundation.\" In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-Microsoft",
"text": "In the interview, Gates provided his perspective on climate change, his charitable activities, various tech companies and people involved in them, and the state of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "The foundation supports the use of genetically modified organisms in agricultural development."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "In 2014, protests in Vancouver occurred when Gates decided to donate $50 million to UNAIDS through the Foundation for the purpose of mass circumcision in Zambia and Swaziland."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over $28 billion to charity; the couple plan to eventually donate 95% of their wealth to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Gates, through his foundation, also donated $20 million to Carnegie Mellon University for a new building to be named Gates Center for Computer Science which opened in 2009.Gates has credited the generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller as a major influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "The foundation allows benefactors to access information that shows how its money is being spent, unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Wellcome Trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Specifically, the foundation is supporting the International Rice Research Institute in developing Golden Rice, a genetically modified rice variant used to combat vitamin A deficiency."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "In 2007, the Los Angeles Times criticized the foundation for investing its assets in companies that have been accused of worsening poverty, pollution and pharmaceutical firms that do not sell to developing countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "The foundation is organized into four program areas: Global Development Division, Global Health Division, United States Division, and Global Policy & Advocacy Division."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation."
}
] |
Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft and he started a foundation that is involved in food modification.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Gates
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zapata was born in the rural village of Anenecuilco in Morelos State, where peasant communities were under increasing pressure from the small landowning class who monopolized land and water resources for sugar cane production with the support of dictator Porfirio Díaz."
}
] |
ZCdETCzcBCF1PrghCPop
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Zapata under pressure",
"text": "Zapata began looking for allies among the northern revolutionaries and the southern Felicistas, followers of the Liberalist Felix Diaz."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Even though the Mexican Revolution did restore some land that had been taken under Diaz, the land reform on the scale imagined by Zapata was never enacted."
},
{
"section_header": "Zapata under pressure",
"text": "In December 1918 Carrancistas under Gonzalez undertook an offensive campaign taking most of the state of Morelos, and pushing Zapata to retreat."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Modern activists in Mexico frequently make reference to Zapata in their campaigns; his image is commonly seen on banners, and many chants invoke his name: Si Zapata viviera con nosotros anduviera (\"If Zapata lived, he would walk with us\"), and Zapata vive, la lucha sigue (\"Zapata lives; the struggle continues\")."
},
{
"section_header": "The 1910 Revolution",
"text": "Zapata joined Madero's campaign against President Diaz."
},
{
"section_header": "The 1910 Revolution",
"text": "Porfirio Díaz was being threatened by the candidacy of Francisco I. Madero."
},
{
"section_header": "Zapata under pressure",
"text": "The main Zapatista headquarters were moved to Tochimilco, Puebla, although Tlaltizapan also continued to be under Zapatista control."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zapata was born in the rural village of Anenecuilco in Morelos State, where peasant communities were under increasing pressure from the small landowning class who monopolized land and water resources for sugar cane production with the support of dictator Porfirio Díaz."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years before the Revolution",
"text": "Zapata became a leading figure in the village of Anenecuilco, where his family had lived for many generations, though he did not take the title of Don, as was custom for someone of his status."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years before the Revolution",
"text": "These skills as a horseman brought him work as a horse trainer for Porfirio Díaz's son-in-law, who had a hacienda nearby, and served Zapata well as a revolutionary leader."
}
] |
Emiliano Zapata lived under the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz.
| 2 | 6 |
Emiliano Zapata
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine."
}
] |
ZDFqhYYb3A5Ujot7gmLs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | Surfin' Safari, Surfin' U.S.A., Surfer Girl, and Little Deuce Coupe",
"text": "On June 4, 1962, the Beach Boys debuted on Capitol with their second single, \"Surfin' Safari\" backed with \"409\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | Surfin' Safari, Surfin' U.S.A., Surfer Girl, and Little Deuce Coupe",
"text": "For this reason, some of the Beach Boys' early local performances had young audience members throwing vegetables at the band, believing that the group were poseurs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s: Band split",
"text": "The surviving group members appeared as themselves for the 1998 documentary film Endless Harmony: The Beach Boys Story, directed by Alan Boyd."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following Carl's death from lung cancer in 1998, the group and its corporation (Brother Records Inc.) granted Love legal rights to tour as \"the Beach Boys\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1978: Reprise era | Sunflower and Surf's Up",
"text": "Another part of the deal was to revive the Beach Boys' Brother Records imprint."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development",
"text": "In a 1966 article that asked if \"the Beach Boys rely too much on sound genius Brian\", Carl said that although Brian was the most responsible for their music, every member of the group contributed ideas."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | Surfin' Safari, Surfin' U.S.A., Surfer Girl, and Little Deuce Coupe",
"text": "Its success propelled the group into a nationwide spotlight, and was vital to launching surf music as a national craze, albeit the Beach Boys' vocal approach to the genre, not the original instrumental style pioneered by Dick Dale."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s: Band split",
"text": "Brother Records Inc. (BRI) to tour as \"The Beach Boys\" and secured the necessary license."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | \"Good Vibrations\" and Smile",
"text": "Capitol did not support some of these ideas, which led to the Beach Boys' desire to form their own label, Brother Records."
}
] |
The Beach Boys band's original members were a group of 4 brothers.
| 3 | 4 |
The Beach Boys
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Doppler first proposed this effect in 1842 in his treatise"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842."
}
] |
ZDOnK4X2QJIcKE3hyKfE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inverse Doppler effect",
"text": "First experiment that detected this effect was conducted by Nigel Seddon and Trevor Bearpark in Bristol, United Kingdom in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Doppler first proposed this effect in 1842 in his treatise"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842."
},
{
"section_header": "Inverse Doppler effect",
"text": "Since 1968 scientists such as Victor Veselago have speculated about the possibility of an inverse Doppler effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Radar",
"text": "The Doppler effect is used in some types of radar, to measure the velocity of detected objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Inverse Doppler effect",
"text": "Later inverse Doppler effect was observed in some inhomogeneous materials and predicted inside Vavilov–Cherenkov cone."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Astronomy",
"text": "Having said this, it also happens that there are detectable Doppler effects on cosmological scales, which, if incorrectly interpreted as cosmological in origin, lead to the observation of redshift-space distortions."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Developmental biology",
"text": "This Doppler effect contributes to the period of segmentation."
},
{
"section_header": "Inverse Doppler effect",
"text": "But some materials are capable of negative refraction, which should lead to a Doppler shift that works in a direction opposite that of a conventional Doppler shift."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Medical",
"text": "Velocity measurement of blood flow in arteries and veins based on Doppler effect is an effective tool for diagnosis of vascular problems like stenosis."
}
] |
Christian Doppler coined the effect in 1842 but the first experiment that detected this effect was done in 2003
| 2 | 4 |
Doppler effect
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson was born on 15 April 1990 in Paris, France, to English lawyers Jacqueline Luesby and Chris Watson."
}
] |
ZEEIdFohj3iten7LtRmQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson (born 15 April 1990) is an English actress, model, and activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson was born on 15 April 1990 in Paris, France, to English lawyers Jacqueline Luesby and Chris Watson."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Her parents divorced when she was young, and Watson moved to England to live with her mother in Oxfordshire while spending weekends at her father's house in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire, Watson attended the Dragon School and trained as an actress at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Modelling and fashion",
"text": "Draped in an Elie Saab haute couture design donated to Tussauds by the designer, Nicole Fenner stated, \"Emma is one of the most requested personalities by our guests."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2012–present",
"text": "Watson also had a supporting role in the apocalyptic comedy"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Modelling and fashion",
"text": "Watson will chair Kering's sustainability committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Women's rights work",
"text": "Watson took the top spot on the AskMen"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Women's rights work",
"text": "In March 2017, Watson was criticised for a photograph published by Vanity Fair in which her breasts were partly visible; some in the news media accused Watson of hypocrisy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Watson has said she speaks some French, though \"not as well\" as she used to."
}
] |
Emma Watson was born in England.
| 0 | 0 |
Emma Watson
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
}
] |
ZEJxZEFyUiF5QSZqtDoB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life (1542–1556)",
"text": "They were just 17 and 15 years old, respectively, when Ieyasu was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616)",
"text": "The result was the largest castle in all of Japan, the costs for building the castle being borne by all the other daimyōs, while Ieyasu reaped all the benefits."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life (1542–1556)",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu was born in Okazaki Castle on the 26th day of the twelfth month of the eleventh year of Tenbun, according to the Japanese calendar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
}
] |
Tokugawa Ieyasu was born in 1554.
| 2 | 4 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Her second marriage, to playwright Neil Simon, lasted from 1973 until their 1983 divorce."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In the late 1990s, Mason sold herbs wholesale to companies both locally and regionally before starting a line of wellness and bath and body products called \"Resting in the River\"."
}
] |
ZEWU3lsspLRRrSL6korz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marsha Mason (born April 3, 1942) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Shortly afterwards, Mason and Simon, a widower, fell in love and got married."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mason was married to actor Gary Campbell from 1965 until they divorced in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In the late 1990s, Mason sold herbs wholesale to companies both locally and regionally before starting a line of wellness and bath and body products called \"Resting in the River\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was married for ten years (1973–1983) to the playwright and screenwriter Neil Simon, who was the writer of three of her four Oscar-nominated roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mason was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Jacqueline Helena (Rakowski) and James Joseph Mason, a printer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason has had a distinguished career in film and theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason starred in her own series, Sibs, which ran from 1991–92."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "By this time, Mason and Simon had divorced, and her film career lost momentum."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Her second marriage, to playwright Neil Simon, lasted from 1973 until their 1983 divorce."
}
] |
Marsha Mason was married twice and started some health items.
| 0 | 4 |
Marsha Mason
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Belgian Antarctic Expedition",
"text": "Amundsen joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition as first mate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration."
}
] |
ZEZqRhJpKe1kKo8QnqMs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Northwest Passage",
"text": "In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to successfully traverse Canada's Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Belgian Antarctic Expedition",
"text": "Amundsen joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition as first mate."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Northwest Passage",
"text": "During this time, Amundsen and the crew learned from the local Netsilik Inuit people about Arctic survival skills, which he found invaluable in his later expedition to the South Pole."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the first expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage by sea, from 1903 to 1906, and the first expedition to the South Pole in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "North Polar Expeditions and Northeast Passage | Aerial Expeditions to the North Pole",
"text": "In 1926, Amundsen and 15 other men (including Ellsworth, Riiser-Larsen, Oscar Wisting, and the Italian air crew led by aeronautical engineer Umberto Nobile made the first crossing of the Arctic in the airship Norge, designed by Nobile."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "The First Flight Across the Polar Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "North Polar Expeditions and Northeast Passage | Controversy over Polar Priority",
"text": "If the Norge expedition was the first to the North Pole, Amundsen and Oscar Wisting were the first men to have reached both geographical poles, by ground or by air."
},
{
"section_header": "North Polar Expeditions and Northeast Passage | Controversy over Polar Priority",
"text": "If these other claims are false, the crew of the Norge would be the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole, floated over it in the Norge in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Northwest Passage",
"text": "He said he hoped to do more and signed it \" Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen."
}
] |
The Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen visited the Arctic as a first mate for the first time and would later lead the fist expedition to cross Canada's Northwest Passage.
| 4 | 8 |
Roald Amundsen
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonhard Euler ( OY-lər; German: [ˈɔʏlɐ] (listen); 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Graph theory",
"text": "The study and generalization of this formula, specifically by Cauchy and L'Huilier, is at the origin of topology."
}
] |
ZEi5PDfDLrepp31Mu15k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Graph theory",
"text": "Euler also discovered the formula V −"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonhard Euler ( OY-lər; German: [ˈɔʏlɐ] (listen); 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Graph theory",
"text": "The study and generalization of this formula, specifically by Cauchy and L'Huilier, is at the origin of topology."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "In doing so, he united two disparate branches of mathematics and introduced a new field of study, analytic number theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "In doing so, he discovered the connection between the Riemann zeta function and the prime numbers; this is known as the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Eyesight deterioration",
"text": "Euler remarked on his loss of vision, \"Now I will have fewer distractions.\" He later developed a cataract in his left eye, which was discovered in 1766."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "He also defined the exponential function for complex numbers, and discovered its relation to the trigonometric functions."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal philosophy and religious beliefs",
"text": "There is a famous legend inspired by Euler's arguments with secular philosophers over religion, which is set during Euler's second stint at the St. Petersburg Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During that time, he was receiving Saturday afternoon lessons from Johann Bernoulli, who quickly discovered his new pupil's incredible talent for mathematics."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In St. Petersburg on 18 September 1783, after a lunch with his family, Euler was discussing the newly discovered planet Uranus and its orbit with a fellow academician Anders Johan Lexell, when he collapsed from a brain hemorrhage."
}
] |
Euler was famous for discovering the branch of topology in mathematics.
| 0 | 0 |
Leonhard Euler
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions to historical events",
"text": "The opening event in Lord Jim may have been based in part on an actual abandonment of a ship."
}
] |
ZF2MBfj4JKNEf2vZhkl4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lord Jim is a novel by Joseph Conrad originally published as a serial in Blackwood's Magazine from October 1899 to November 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretation",
"text": "As he wrote to his publisher four days after completing Lord Jim, it is \"the development of one situation, only one really, from beginning to end.\" A metaphysical question pervades the novel and helps unify it: whether the \"destructive element\" that is the \"spirit\" of the Universe has intention—and, beyond that, malevolent intention—toward any particular individual or is, instead, indiscriminate, impartial, and indifferent."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to historical events",
"text": "The inspiration for the character of Jim was the chief mate of the Jeddah, \"Austin\" Podmore Williams, whose grave was tracked down to Singapore's Bidadari Cemetery by Gavin Young in his book, In Search of Conrad."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references to Lord Jim in other works",
"text": "Lord Jim is referenced in the song \"Conrad\" by English singer-songwriter Ben Howard: \"You were the boat that bridged /"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretation",
"text": "Conrad, speaking through his character Stein, called Jim a romantic figure, and indeed Lord Jim is arguably Conrad's most romantic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to historical events",
"text": "The opening event in Lord Jim may have been based in part on an actual abandonment of a ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Comics adaptations",
"text": "George Evans adapted the novel into a comic book in the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretation",
"text": "However, there is an analysis that shows in the novel a fixed pattern of meaning and an implicit unity that Conrad said the novel has."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "The book has twice been adapted into film: Lord Jim (1925), directed by Victor Fleming. Lord Jim (1965), directed by Richard Brooks and starring Peter O'Toole as Jim."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references to Lord Jim in other works",
"text": "In the tale of Conrad / We will never be the change /"
}
] |
Lord Jim is a novel by Joseph Conrad, and the beginning adventure in his book may be situated after a true event.
| 0 | 0 |
Lord Jim
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, he appeared in more than 300 films and was among the last surviving stars of the silent-film era."
}
] |
ZFFdlyVs4N3xLYQCikeP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Andy Hardy, Boys Town and Hollywood stardom",
"text": "During his long and illustrious career, Rooney also worked with many of the screen's female stars, including Elizabeth Taylor in National Velvet (1944) and Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Mickey McGuire",
"text": "Rooney got the role and became \"Mickey\" for 78 of the films, running from 1927 to 1936, starting with Mickey's Circus (1927), his first starring role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Mickey McGuire",
"text": "His mother saw an advertisement for a child to play the role of \"Mickey McGuire\" in a series of short films."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Mickey McGuire",
"text": "During this period, he also briefly voiced Oswald the Lucky Rabbit."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Andy Hardy, Boys Town and Hollywood stardom",
"text": "That's better,' he tells Mickey.\" Louis B. Mayer said Boys Town was his favorite film during his years at MGM.The popularity of his films made Rooney the biggest box-office draw in 1939, 1940 and 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Mickey McGuire",
"text": "He made other films in his adolescence, including several more of the McGuire films."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Andy Hardy, Boys Town and Hollywood stardom",
"text": "During an interview in the 1992 documentary film MGM: When the Lion Roars, Rooney describes their friendship: Judy and I were so close we could've come from the same womb."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1982 plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Andy Hardy, Boys Town and Hollywood stardom",
"text": "Clarence Brown, who directed Rooney in his Oscar-nominated performance in The Human Comedy (1943) and again in National Velvet (1944), enjoyed working with Rooney in films: Mickey Rooney is the closest thing to a genius that I ever worked with."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "His eight surviving children said in a statement that they were barred from seeing Rooney during his final years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, he appeared in more than 300 films and was among the last surviving stars of the silent-film era."
}
] |
Mickey Rooney was in 400 hundred films during his long career.
| 0 | 0 |
Mickey Rooney
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Craigslist filed a trademark lawsuit against the Swedish luxury marketplace website Jameslist.com on July 11, 2012, forcing the company to rename to JamesEdition."
}
] |
ZFf2XykwQWtad952NEfC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "As of April 2012, there have been no substantive changes to the usefulness, or the non-advertising nature of the site; neither banner ads, nor charges for a few services provided to businesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Content policies",
"text": "In June 2012, Craigslist changed its terms of service to disallow the practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Craigslist filed a trademark lawsuit against the Swedish luxury marketplace website Jameslist.com on July 11, 2012, forcing the company to rename to JamesEdition."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "In 2012, Craigslist sued PadMapper, a site that hoped to improve the user interface for browsing housing ads, and 3Taps, a company that helped PadMapper obtain data from Craigslist, in Craigslist v. 3Taps."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "The Swedish luxury marketplace website Jameslist.com received a lawsuit filed on July 11, 2012 which among unspecified damages also asked for a complete shutdown of Jameslist.com"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Newmark registered \"craigslist.org\", and the website went live in 1996.In the fall of 1998, the name \"List Foundation\" was introduced and Craigslist started transitioning to the use of this name."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "In April 2008, eBay announced it was suing Craigslist to \"safeguard its four-year financial investment\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 1999, when Newmark learned of other organizations called \"List Foundation\", the use of this name was dropped."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "In January 2006, the San Francisco Bay Guardian published an editorial claiming that Craigslist could threaten the business of local alternative newspapers."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Content policies",
"text": "In July 2012, Craigslist filed a lawsuit against padmapper.com."
}
] |
Craigslist sued another online marketplace business making them change their name in 2012.
| 4 | 4 |
Craigslist
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Tokyo was originally known as Edo (江戸), a kanji compound of 江 (e, \"cove, inlet\") and 戸 (to, \"entrance, gate, door\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name, which can be translated as \"estuary\", is a reference to the original settlement's location at the meeting of the Sumida River and Tokyo Bay."
}
] |
ZFsAJTdLvtDcLwyofHEH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Climate",
"text": "The western mountainous area of mainland Tokyo"
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Tama Area (Western Tokyo) | Nishi-Tama District",
"text": "Much of this area is mountainous and unsuitable for urbanization."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Tama Area (Western Tokyo) | Nishi-Tama District",
"text": "The highest mountain in Tokyo, Mount Kumotori, is 2,017 m (6,617 ft) high; other mountains in Tokyo include Takanosu (1,737 m (5,699 ft)), Odake (1,266 m (4,154 ft)), and Mitake (929 m (3,048 ft))."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name, which can be translated as \"estuary\", is a reference to the original settlement's location at the meeting of the Sumida River and Tokyo Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-1869 (Edo period)",
"text": "Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo, in what was formerly part of the old Musashi Province."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government",
"text": "Because of these islands and the mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures far under-represent the real figures for the urban and suburban regions of Tokyo."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Special wards",
"text": "The special wards use the word \"city\" in their official English name (e.g. Chiyoda City)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "With 36% of its area covered by forest, Tokyo has extensive growths of cryptomeria and Japanese cypress, especially in the mountainous western communities of Akiruno, Ōme, Okutama, Hachiōji, Hinode, and Hinohara."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "During the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the name of the city was changed to Tokyo (東京, from 東 tō \"east\", and 京 kyō \"capital\") when it became the new imperial capital, in line with the East Asian tradition of including the word capital (京) in the name of the capital city (like Kyoto (京都), Beijing (北京) and Nanjing (南京))."
},
{
"section_header": "Environment",
"text": "It set a goal of increasing roadside trees in Tokyo to 1 million (from 480,000), and adding 1,000 ha of green space 88 of which will be a new park named \"Umi no Mori\" (sea forest) which will be on a reclaimed island in Tokyo Bay which used to be a landfill."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Tokyo was originally known as Edo (江戸), a kanji compound of 江 (e, \"cove, inlet\") and 戸 (to, \"entrance, gate, door\")."
}
] |
Tokyo was named by the settlers for its mountains.
| 1 | 3 |
Tokyo
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Palaeontologists disagree about whether some body fossils from the mid Ordovician, about 472 to 461 million years ago, are the remains of oligochaetes, and the earliest indisputable fossils of the group appear in the Tertiary period, which began 66 million years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Fossil record",
"text": "There has been vigorous debate about whether the Burgess Shale fossil Wiwaxia was a mollusc or an annelid."
}
] |
ZGSutpT06YENEuBjX3s0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Fossil record",
"text": "Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare – mostly jaws and the mineralized tubes that some of the species secreted."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Fossil record",
"text": "Polychaetes' fossil record consists mainly of the jaws that some species had and the mineralized tubes that some secreted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The annelids (Annelida, from Latin anellus, \"little ring\"), also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Fossil record",
"text": "Some Ediacaran fossils such as Dickinsonia in some ways resemble polychaetes, but the similarities are too vague for these fossils to be classified with confidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "Sipuncula was originally classified as annelids, despite the complete lack of segmentation, bristles and other annelid characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "Phylogenetic analyses based on 79 ribosomal proteins indicated a position of Sipuncula within Annelida."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Family tree",
"text": "For a cross-check the study used an analysis of 11 genes (including the original 3) in ten taxa."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and diversity",
"text": "Subsequent analysis of the mitochondrion's DNA has confirmed their close relationship to the Myzostomida and Annelida (including echiurans and pogonophorans)."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "It is thought that annelids were originally animals with two separate sexes, which released ova and sperm into the water via their nephridia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Palaeontologists disagree about whether some body fossils from the mid Ordovician, about 472 to 461 million years ago, are the remains of oligochaetes, and the earliest indisputable fossils of the group appear in the Tertiary period, which began 66 million years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Fossil record",
"text": "There has been vigorous debate about whether the Burgess Shale fossil Wiwaxia was a mollusc or an annelid."
}
] |
The excavators of prehistorian species are not in agreement about the original primitive rare fossil Annelida findings.
| 0 | 0 |
Annelida
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Liszt's father played the piano, violin, cello, and guitar."
}
] |
ZHiZaLjEWp6zSQ7Cotd0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Adolescence in Paris",
"text": "Her father, however, insisted that the affair be broken off."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Liszt's father played the piano, violin, cello, and guitar."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Royal Academy of Music at Budapest",
"text": "In 1873, on the occasion of Liszt's 50th anniversary as performing artist, the city of Budapest instituted a \"Franz Liszt Stiftung\" (\"Franz Liszt Foundation\"), to provide stipends of 200 Gulden for three students of the Academy who had shown excellent abilities with regard to Hungarian music."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical works | Lieder",
"text": "Franz Liszt composed about six dozen original songs with piano accompaniment."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Liszt, Franz.\" Grove Music Online. (subscription required) Walker, Bettina (1890)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Adolescence in Paris",
"text": "The following year, he fell in love with one of his pupils, Caroline de Saint-Cricq, the daughter of Charles X's minister of commerce, Pierre de Saint-Cricq."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Rellstab, Ludwig: Franz Liszt, Berlin 1842"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Touring Europe",
"text": "Liszt never used 'Dr. Liszt' or 'Dr. Franz Liszt' publicly."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Franz Liszt and his World. (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2006) Gut, Serge: Franz Liszt, De Fallois, Paris 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Adolescence in Paris",
"text": "He had many discussions with the Abbé de Lamennais, who acted as his spiritual father, and also with Chrétien Urhan, a German-born violinist who introduced him to the Saint-Simonists."
}
] |
Franz Liszt devoloped a love for music from his father.
| 2 | 6 |
Franz Liszt
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "Plaques in English, French and Italian commemorate the historic voyage."
}
] |
ZIWErhItwHUvE5ne839G
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": ", Canada is named after the explorer."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Second voyage",
"text": "The exact location of the landfall has long been disputed, with different communities vying for the honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "Giovanni Caboto park located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Cabot married Mattea around 1470, and had issue including three sons: Ludovico Caboto"
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Final voyage",
"text": "The Archaeology of Historic Carbonear Project, carried out by Memorial University of Newfoundland, has conducted summer fieldwork each season since 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Second voyage",
"text": "For the 500th-anniversary celebrations, the governments of Canada and the United Kingdom designated Cape Bonavista in Newfoundland as the \"official\" landing place."
},
{
"section_header": "Sponsorship",
"text": "On 5 March 1496 Henry VII gave Cabot and his three sons letters patent with the following charge for exploration: ... free authority, faculty and power to sail to all parts, regions and coasts of the eastern, western and northern sea, under our banners, flags and ensigns, with five ships or vessels of whatsoever burden and quality"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "Plaques in English, French and Italian commemorate the historic voyage."
}
] |
Memorials are erected in Canada featuring three different languages.
| 1 | 2 |
John Cabot
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His pitching skills led to his being called \"Candy\", a popular 19th-century nickname for a man who was the best at his craft."
}
] |
ZIWHTO7f9brGX8sYaLG8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cummings was born in Ware, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He is buried at Aspen Grove Cemetery in Ware, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His pitching skills led to his being called \"Candy\", a popular 19th-century nickname for a man who was the best at his craft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Arthur \"Candy\" Cummings (October 18, 1848 – May 16, 1924) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He later said that he thought of the idea of the curveball when fooling around with clam shells as a teenager in Ware."
}
] |
Candy Cummings got his moniker from his family's business in Ware whom sold candy.
| 0 | 0 |
Candy Cummings
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Services under development",
"text": "UberAIR / UberElevate will provide short flights using VTOL aircraft."
}
] |
ZIl4zR5hpyjocG6zC1fL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Uber Technologies, Inc., commonly known as Uber, is an American multinational ride-hailing company offering services that include peer-to-peer ridesharing, ride service hailing, food delivery (Uber Eats), and a micromobility system with electric bikes and scooters."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Offered",
"text": "Pet, allows users to hail a vehicle that allows animals to ride."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Services under development",
"text": "UberAIR / UberElevate will provide short flights using VTOL aircraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Offered",
"text": "Van, available in Europe, provides a van for groups of up to 6 people."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Evasion of law enforcement operations | Greyball",
"text": "By showing \"ghost cars\" driven by fake drivers to the targeted individuals in the Uber mobile app, and by giving real drivers a means to cancel rides requested by those individuals, Uber was able to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service is illegal."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Lack of wheelchair accessible vans",
"text": "In some areas, ridesharing companies are required by law to have a certain amount of wheelchair accessible vans (WAVs) on the road at any given time."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Lack of wheelchair accessible vans",
"text": "This can be a difficult requirement for ridesharing companies to meet because the companies don't provide vehicles and most drivers do not own a WAV, causing a shortage."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Service options | Offered",
"text": "SUV provides a sport utility vehicle."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Dynamic pricing",
"text": "Ridesharing companies use dynamic pricing models; prices for the same route vary based on the supply and demand for rides at the time the ride is requested."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Alleged cancellation of ride requests to disrupt competitors | Operation SLOG plan to disrupt Lyft",
"text": "Those who responded to the solicitation were offered a meeting with Uber marketing managers who attempted to create a \"street team\" to gather intelligence about Lyft's launch plans in New York City and recruit their drivers to Uber."
}
] |
Uber, an American multinational ride-hailing company, has a lot of specialty services including those who want to request a Spanish-speaking driver, short air flights, rides for people and their pets and requests for specific vehicles like SUVs or vans.
| 1 | 3 |
Uber
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "wherever he pitched. Paige was a right-handed pitcher, and at age 42 in 1948, was the oldest major league rookie while playing for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leroy Robert \"Satchel\" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who is notable for his longevity in the game, and for attracting record crowds"
}
] |
ZJrf2RmzzmAyGiLR8KvR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "The All-Star game was cut short after five innings due to rain and Paige never got in."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Stengel kept his word and named Paige to the 1953 All-Star team despite Paige not having a very good year."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Cuba, Baltimore, and Cleveland: 1929–1931",
"text": "In mid-summer Paige returned to Birmingham, where he pitched well the rest of the summer, going 7–4."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Chattanooga and Birmingham: 1926–1929",
"text": "Due to his increased earning potential, Barons owner R. T. Jackson would \"rent\" Paige out to other ball clubs for a game or two to draw a decent crowd, with both Jackson and Paige taking a cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Travelers: 1939",
"text": "By late fall his team was playing well against major Negro league teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Pittsburgh, California, and North Dakota: 1931–1936",
"text": "When the umpire removed one ball from play, Paige hollered, \"You may as well thrown 'em all out 'cause they're all gonna jump like that.\"The"
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "In his early years, Paige was known as a pure fastball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1940–1942",
"text": "Paige took over the role of ace pitcher for the Monarchs, while Hilton Smith, their former ace, dropped to number two pitcher and sometimes was relegated to relieving Paige."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Kansas City Athletics",
"text": "In 1966, Paige pitched in his last game in organized baseball, getting some measure of revenge when he pitched for the Carolina League's Peninsula Grays of Hampton, Virginia, against the very same Greensboro Patriots who had been forced to release him before his first pitch back in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1943–1946",
"text": "The owners were able to turn the other players and fans against Paige, however, when they revealed that Paige had received $800 for participating in the 1943 game (in contrast to the $50 paid to the other players) and had demanded an extra cut for the 1944 game as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "wherever he pitched. Paige was a right-handed pitcher, and at age 42 in 1948, was the oldest major league rookie while playing for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leroy Robert \"Satchel\" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who is notable for his longevity in the game, and for attracting record crowds"
}
] |
Paige was a left-handed pitcher and not very well liked due to his attitude.
| 0 | 2 |
Satchel Paige
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity | Plants",
"text": "While South Africa has a great wealth of flowering plants, only one percent of South Africa is forest, almost exclusively in the humid coastal plain of KwaZulu-Natal, where there are also areas of Southern Africa mangroves in river mouths."
}
] |
ZKVcoiy1MYegKF2V7DKo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "It is famous for the most extensive areas of indigenous forests in South Africa (a generally forest-poor country)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity | Plants",
"text": "There are even smaller reserves of forests that are out of the reach of fire, known as montane forests."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity | Plants",
"text": "While South Africa has a great wealth of flowering plants, only one percent of South Africa is forest, almost exclusively in the humid coastal plain of KwaZulu-Natal, where there are also areas of Southern Africa mangroves in river mouths."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity | Plants",
"text": "The most prevalent biome in South Africa is the grassland, particularly on the Highveld, where the plant cover is dominated by different grasses, low shrubs, and acacia trees,"
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "Only 16% of the population is covered by medical aid schemes."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The Kruger National Park, located in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in northeastern South Africa, occupies a large portion of the Lowveld covering 19,633 square kilometres (7,580 sq mi.) South of the Lowveld"
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Conservation issues",
"text": "The original temperate forest found by the first European settlers was exploited ruthlessly until only small patches remained."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With over 59 million people, it is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of 1,221,037 square kilometres (471,445 sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Popular culture",
"text": "Afrikaans music covers multiple genres, such as the contemporary Steve Hofmeyr, the punk rock band Fokofpolisiekar, and the singer-songwriter Jeremy Loops."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa."
}
] |
Forests cover 5% of South Africa.
| 3 | 5 |
South Africa
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In January 2020, Satellogic, a high-resolution Earth observation imaging and analytics company, launched a ÑuSat type micro-satellite named in honour of Marie Curie."
}
] |
ZKabCgFUeVC9Ueu7Y3vK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In January 2020, Satellogic, a high-resolution Earth observation imaging and analytics company, launched a ÑuSat type micro-satellite named in honour of Marie Curie."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "The curie (symbol Ci), a unit of radioactivity, is named in honour of her and Pierre Curie (although the commission which agreed on the name never clearly stated whether the standard was named after Pierre, Marie or both of them)."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions fellowship program of the European Union for young scientists wishing to work in a foreign country is named after her."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "The 7000 Curie asteroid is also named after her."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Also in 2011, a new Warsaw bridge over the Vistula River was named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "A KLM McDonnell Douglas MD-11 (registration PH-KCC) is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Three radioactive minerals are also named after the Curies: curite, sklodowskite, and cuprosklodowskite."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Two museums are devoted to Marie Curie."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In the film, Marie Curie was played by Isabelle Huppert."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Several institutions bear her name, starting with the two Curie institutes: the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, in Warsaw and the Institut Curie in Paris."
}
] |
In January of 1999 , Satellogic, launched a telescope named in honour of Marie Curie.
| 0 | 1 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Lines | Pink Line (Line 7)",
"text": "Upon completion, the Pink Line with a length of 58.59 kilometres (36.41 mi), will be the longest line in Delhi Metro, breaking the record set by the operational Blue Line(excluding branch line)."
}
] |
ZL5g7uon0ZlaQFxpKZNK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lines | Pink Line (Line 7)",
"text": "It consists of 38 metro stations from Majlis Park to Shiv Vihar, both in North Delhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Pink Line (Line 7)",
"text": "The Pink Line is the second new line of the Third Phase of the Delhi Metro that was partially opened on 14 March 2018, with a further extension opening on 6 August 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Pink Line (Line 7)",
"text": "Upon completion, the Pink Line with a length of 58.59 kilometres (36.41 mi), will be the longest line in Delhi Metro, breaking the record set by the operational Blue Line(excluding branch line)."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Pink Line (Line 7)",
"text": "The Pink Line has the highest point of Delhi Metro at Dhaula Kuan with a height of 23.6 metres, passing over the Dhaula Kuan grade separator flyovers and the Airport Express Line."
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion | Phase IV",
"text": "This makes the total length of the Delhi Metro at the end of Phase IV to exceed 450 kilometres (280 mi), which does not include other independently operated systems in the National Capital Region such as the 29.7 kilometres (18.5 mi) long Aqua Line of the Noida-Greater Noida Metro and the 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) of the Rapid Metro Gurgaon that connect to the Delhi Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Pink Line (Line 7)",
"text": "It will be mostly elevated and will cover Delhi in an almost 'U' shaped pattern."
},
{
"section_header": "Rolling stock",
"text": "Line 7 & 8 are proposed in Phase III."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "After taking over the operation of the Delhi Airport Express Metro, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has taken over the operation of Gurugram Rapid Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion | Haryana and UP connectivity | Haryana projects",
"text": "HUDA City Centre to Gurgaon railway station – approved 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) long line that is envisioned to be a metro ring around Gurugram."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Pink Line (Line 7)",
"text": "The Pink Line is also known as the Ring Road Line, as the entire line passes alongside the busy Ring Road in Delhi, that witnesses massive traffic jams everyday."
}
] |
The Metro in Delhi is 7 miles long.
| 0 | 0 |
Delhi Metro
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Its final layout was developed after 900 AD, and the 10th century saw the rise of the city as a regional capital controlling the area from central Yucatán to the north coast, with its power extending down the east and west coasts of the peninsula."
}
] |
ZLVfwBdhZGcwMj5hCo97
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The layout of Chichen Itza site core developed during its earlier phase of occupation, between 750 and 900 AD."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Between AD 900 and 1050 Chichen Itza expanded to become a powerful regional capital controlling north and central Yucatán."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the Late Classic (c. AD 600–900) through the Terminal Classic (c. AD 800–900) and into the early portion of the Postclassic period (c. AD 900–1200)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ascendancy",
"text": "Chichen Itza rose to regional prominence towards the end of the Early Classic period (roughly 600 AD)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The earliest hieroglyphic date discovered at Chichen Itza is equivalent to 832 AD, while the last known date was recorded in the Osario temple in 998."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Its final layout was developed after 900 AD, and the 10th century saw the rise of the city as a regional capital controlling the area from central Yucatán to the north coast, with its power extending down the east and west coasts of the peninsula."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Casa Colorada Group",
"text": "In one chamber there are extensive carved hieroglyphs that mention rulers of Chichen Itza and possibly of the nearby city of Ek Balam, and contain a Maya date inscribed which correlates to 869 AD, one of the oldest such dates found in all of Chichen Itza."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Temple of the Warriors",
"text": "The one at Chichen Itza, however, was constructed on a larger scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Tourism has been a factor at Chichen Itza for more than a century."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico."
}
] |
The ultimate configuration of Chichen Itza was executed after 900 AD.
| 3 | 5 |
Chichen Itza
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gorillas in the Mist, a book published two years before her death, is Fossey's account of her scientific study of the gorillas at Karisoke Research Center and prior career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey."
}
] |
ZMHj5U4S3JKawfeSL7ns
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Murder",
"text": "In the early morning of December 27, 1985, Fossey was discovered murdered in the bedroom of her cabin located at the far edge of the camp in the Virunga Mountains, Rwanda."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the killing of a gorilla and subsequent tensions, she was murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In media",
"text": "Universal Studios bought the film rights to Gorillas in the Mist from Fossey in 1985, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gorillas in the Mist, a book published two years before her death, is Fossey's account of her scientific study of the gorillas at Karisoke Research Center and prior career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dian Fossey (, January 16, 1932 – c. December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her 1985 murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Aftermath",
"text": "The alleged motive was that McGuire murdered Fossey in order to steal the manuscript of the sequel to her 1983 book, Gorillas in the Mist."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Killing of Digit and escalating tensions",
"text": "The deaths of some of her most studied gorillas caused Fossey to devote more of her attention to preventing poaching and less on scientific publishing and research."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Murder",
"text": "A will purporting to be Fossey's bequeathed all of her estate (including the proceeds from the film Gorillas in the Mist) to the Digit Fund to underwrite anti-poaching patrols."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Murder",
"text": "\" The cabin was littered with broken glass and overturned furniture, with a 9 mm handgun and ammunition beside her on the floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Biographies",
"text": "Gorilla Dreams: The Legacy of Dian Fossey was written by the investigative journalist Georgianne Nienaber and published in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey."
}
] |
Gorillas in the Mist was published a year after Fossey was murdered in her cabin in Rwanda in 1985.
| 0 | 3 |
Dian Fossey
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1950s and 1960s",
"text": "As late as 1963, civil rights activists were pressuring Disneyland to hire black people, with executives responding that they would \"consider\" the requests."
}
] |
ZMJPLBlVgIs0UFgdavGK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lands | Critter Country",
"text": "Formerly the area was home to Indian Village, where indigenous tribespeople demonstrated their dances and other customs."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Mickey's Toontown",
"text": "The new family friendly dark ride will increase the size of Toontown as well as the size of Disneyland from 99 to 101 acres (40 to 41 ha)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "The initial concept, the Mickey Mouse Park, started with an eight-acre (3.2 ha) plot across Riverside Drive."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands",
"text": "Disneyland Park consists of nine themed \"lands\" and a number of concealed backstage areas, and occupies over 100 acres (40 ha) with the new addition of Mickey and Minnie's Runaway Railway that's coming to Mickeys Toontown in 2022."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project, Disney bought a 160-acre (65 ha) site near Anaheim in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands",
"text": "In 1957, Holidayland opened to the public with a nine-acre (3.6 ha) recreation area including a circus and baseball diamond, but was closed in late 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "Based on Price's analysis (for which he would be recognized as a Disney Legend in 2003), Disney acquired 160 acres (65 ha) of orange groves and walnut trees in Anaheim, southeast of Los Angeles in neighboring Orange County."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1990s",
"text": "Disneyland Park, the Disneyland Hotel, the site of the original parking lot, and acquired surrounding properties were earmarked to become part of the Disneyland Resort."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands",
"text": "It is often referred to as the \"lost\" land of Disneyland."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1950s and 1960s",
"text": "As late as 1963, civil rights activists were pressuring Disneyland to hire black people, with executives responding that they would \"consider\" the requests."
}
] |
Disneyland has never been demonstrably racist.
| 1 | 5 |
Disneyland
|
NOCAT
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Urban II died on 29 July 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy; his successor was Pope Paschal II."
}
] |
ZMp3jx8nS6pfXBvxQMJ1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Urban II refers to liberating the church as a whole or the eastern churches generally rather than to reconquering Jerusalem itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "The phrases used are \"churches of God in the eastern region\" and \"the eastern churches\" (to the Flemish), \"liberation of the Church\" (to Bologna), \"liberating Christianity"
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Urban II's own letter to the Flemish confirms that he granted \"remission of all their sins\" to those undertaking the enterprise to liberate the eastern churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He promised forgiveness and pardon for all of the past sins of those who would fight to reclaim the holy land from Muslims, and free the eastern churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Spain",
"text": "Pope Urban was concerned that the focus on the east and Jerusalem would neglect the fight in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Let those who go not put off the journey, but rent their lands and collect money for their expenses; and as soon as winter is over and spring comes, let them eagerly set out on the way with God as their guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Urban II died on 29 July 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy; his successor was Pope Paschal II."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Let those who have been accustomed unjustly to wage private warfare against the faithful now go against the infidels and end with victory this war which should have been begun long ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "In the letter to the Flemish he writes, \"they [the Turks] have seized the Holy City of Christ, embellished by his passion and resurrection, and blasphemy to say—have sold her and her churches into abominable slavery.\" In the letters to Bologna and Vallombrosa he refers to the crusaders' desire to set out for Jerusalem rather than to his own desire that Jerusalem be freed from Muslim rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Some historians believe that Urban wished for the reunification of the eastern and western churches, a rift that was caused by the Great Schism of 1054."
}
] |
Pope Urban II lead the church in the first crusade, and kept it going out of concern for liberating eastern Christians, going so far as to pardon any sins the crusaders committed until he heard that Jerusalem was conquered, at which point he dropped dead of consumption.
| 0 | 1 |
Pope Urban II
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Songwriting",
"text": "Mercury wrote 10 of the 17 songs on Queen's Greatest Hits album: \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", \"Seven Seas of Rhye\", \"Killer Queen\", \"Somebody to Love\", \"Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy\", \"We Are the Champions\", \"Bicycle Race\", \"Don't Stop Me Now\", \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\", and \"Play the Game\"."
}
] |
ZMwiNqp1GWkhg7hvuVJL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Continued popularity",
"text": "In the United Kingdom, Queen have now spent more collective weeks on the UK Album Charts than any other musical act (including the Beatles), and Queen's Greatest Hits is the best-selling album of all time in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Songwriting",
"text": "Mercury wrote 10 of the 17 songs on Queen's Greatest Hits album: \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", \"Seven Seas of Rhye\", \"Killer Queen\", \"Somebody to Love\", \"Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy\", \"We Are the Champions\", \"Bicycle Race\", \"Don't Stop Me Now\", \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\", and \"Play the Game\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous Queen album",
"text": "In November 1995, Mercury appeared posthumously on Queen's final studio album Made in Heaven."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "We Created...?\" (a song which Mercury and May performed at Live Aid, and also featured in Greenpeace – The Album) , \"There Must Be More to Life Than This\", \"The Miracle\" (a song May called \"one of Freddie’s most beautiful creations.."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness",
"text": "May said of Mercury: \" He just kept saying. 'Write me more."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Solo career",
"text": "The album was a commercial success, and the album's title track debuted at No. 8 in the UK and was also a hit in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "Queen's performance at the event has since been voted by a group of music executives as the greatest live performance in the history of rock music."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness",
"text": "Write me stuff. I want to just sing this and do it"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Solo career",
"text": "In addition to the two solo albums, Mercury released several singles, including his own version of the hit \"The Great Pretender\" by the Platters, which debuted at No. 5 in the UK in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "one of four similar damselflies named after the Queen bandmates, in tribute to Queen's 40th anniversary."
}
] |
Mercury did not write any songs on Queen's Greatest Hits Album.
| 2 | 4 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A heavy drinker of alcohol, he died from liver complications in 1890, when Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout his life as a result of his father's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents Jacob and Theresa (née Staudenmeyer) worked as farmers; his father, a cheesemaker who was involved in local politics, had emigrated from Switzerland."
}
] |
ZMyF3am75FrGyWWoLbfD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "Joss was well-liked by his peers and baseball fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"I'll do anything they want for Addie Joss' family\", Johnson said."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"The memory of Addie Joss is sacred to everyone with whom he ever came in contact."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A heavy drinker of alcohol, he died from liver complications in 1890, when Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout his life as a result of his father's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Addie Joss was born on April 12, 1880, in Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents Jacob and Theresa (née Staudenmeyer) worked as farmers; his father, a cheesemaker who was involved in local politics, had emigrated from Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Journalism and engineering interests",
"text": "The Press introduced Joss in columns this way: \"Of all the baseball players in the land, Addie Joss is far and away the best qualified for this work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adrian \"Addie\" Joss (April 12, 1880 – April 14, 1911), nicknamed \"The Human Hairpin,\" was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Journalism and engineering interests",
"text": ", Joss worked on designing an electric scoreboard that would later be known as the Joss Indicator."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "Joss could not stand on his own and his speech was slurred."
}
] |
Addie Joss did drink a lot of alcohol like his father.
| 0 | 1 |
Addie Joss
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raphael Kuhner Wuppermann (July 6, 1883 – June 11, 1956), known professionally as Ralph Morgan, was a Hollywood stage and film character actor, and the older brother of Frank Morgan."
}
] |
ZNSXg9CVUDN2a7kI1LRp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Morgan has a star in the Motion Pictures section of the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1617 Vine Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raphael Kuhner Wuppermann (July 6, 1883 – June 11, 1956), known professionally as Ralph Morgan, was a Hollywood stage and film character actor, and the older brother of Frank Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Ralph Morgan was married to Georgiana Louise Iverson, who as a stage actress was known as Grace Arnold, although he called her \"Daisy\" and was the father of Claudia Morgan (born Claudia Louise Wuppermann; 1911–1974), an actress best known for creating the role of Vera Claythorne on Broadway in the original production of Ten Little Indians, and for her portrayal of Nora Charles on the radio series The Thin Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan was born in New York City, the eighth of eleven children of Josephine Wright (née Hancox) and George Diogracia Wuppermann."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1905, billed as Raphael Kuhner Wupperman, he appeared in The Khan of Kathan, that year's variety show."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His career would eventually overshadow that of Ralph."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Morgan became so successful in stock and on Broadway that his younger brother, Frank, was encouraged to give acting a try, using the same surname as Ralph for his stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "One of his memorable roles was in the 1942 serial Gang Busters, in which he played a brilliant surgeon turned master criminal."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, George Wuppermann, was of Spanish and German lineage."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Morgan died on June 11, 1956, of a lung ailment."
}
] |
Raphael Von Wuppermann was known as Ralph Morgan and is on the walk of fame in Hollywood.
| 3 | 10 |
Ralph Morgan
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "By the age of eight, Elgar was taking piano and violin lessons, and his father, who tuned the pianos at many grand houses in Worcestershire, would sometimes take him along, giving him the chance to display his skill to important local figures."
}
] |
ZO0sIGHo2pLAzu4G5eKW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Peak creative years",
"text": "The Cello Concerto, composed a decade later, immediately after World War I, seems, in Kennedy's words, \"to belong to another age, another world ... the simplest of all Elgar's major works ... also the least grandiloquent."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Peak creative years",
"text": "Reed thought that the principal themes show less distinction than some of Elgar's earlier works."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Final years and posthumous completions",
"text": "Elgar left the opening of the symphony complete in full score, and those pages, along with others, show Elgar's orchestration changed markedly from the richness of his pre-war work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Growing reputation",
"text": "At the age of forty-two, Elgar produced the Enigma Variations, which were premiered in London under the baton of the eminent German conductor Hans Richter."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Growing reputation",
"text": "Elgar was of enough consequence locally to recommend the young composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor to the Three Choirs Festival for a concert piece, which helped establish the younger man's career."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Marriage",
"text": "In the days before miniature scores and recordings were available, it was not easy for young composers to get to know new music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years",
"text": "\" Elgar died on 23 February 1934 at the age of seventy-six and was buried next to his wife at St Wulstan's Roman Catholic Church in Little Malvern."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years",
"text": "After a short illness, she died of lung cancer on 7 April 1920, at the age of seventy-two."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Influences, antecedents and early works",
"text": "Elgar's sole work of note during his first spell in London in 1889–91, the overture Froissart, was a romantic-bravura piece, influenced by Mendelssohn and Wagner, but also showing further Elgarian characteristics."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Final years and posthumous completions",
"text": "Elgar also wrote a number of songs during his peak period, of which Reed observes, \"it cannot be said that he enriched the vocal repertory to the same extent as he did that of the orchestra.\" After the Cello Concerto, Elgar completed no more large-scale works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "By the age of eight, Elgar was taking piano and violin lessons, and his father, who tuned the pianos at many grand houses in Worcestershire, would sometimes take him along, giving him the chance to display his skill to important local figures."
}
] |
Elgar was an accomplished and talent cellist from a young age when his parents showed him his cello.
| 2 | 5 |
Edward Elgar
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, in 1999, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government."
}
] |
ZO57WF0OSMNh3DeZWJL2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "In return, Colombia recognized Panama as an independent nation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "The United States quickly recognized the new nation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "On November 6, 1903, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, as Panama's ambassador to the United States, signed the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, granting rights to the United States to build and indefinitely administer the Panama Canal Zone and its defenses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "This would later become a contentious diplomatic issue among Colombia, Panama, and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "In 1921, Colombia and the United States entered into the Thomson–Urrutia Treaty, in which the United States agreed to pay Colombia $25 million: $5 million upon ratification, and four-$5 million annual payments, and grant Colombia special privileges in the Canal Zone."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "For $10 million and an annual payment, it would have granted the United States a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the canal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "President Roosevelt famously stated, \"I took the Isthmus, started the canal and then left Congress not to debate the canal, but to debate me.\" Several parties in the United States called this an act of war on Colombia: The New York Times described the support given by the United States to Bunau-Varilla as an \"act of sordid conquest.\" The New York Evening Post called it a \"vulgar and mercenary venture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "On January 22, 1903, the Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "At this time, the President and the Senate of the United States were interested in establishing a canal across the isthmus, with some favoring a canal across Nicaragua and others advocating the purchase of the French interests in Panama."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States acquisition",
"text": "The United States also paid the new country of Panama $10 million and a $250,000 payment each following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, in 1999, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government."
}
] |
The United States returned the canal to Columbia in 1998.
| 0 | 2 |
Panama Canal
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the digestive system the stomach is involved in the second phase of digestion, following chewing."
}
] |
ZOXVxN7pCSOBi4OjaQI4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure | Microanatomy | Wall",
"text": "It is the only layer of the three which is not seen in other parts of the digestive system."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Digestion",
"text": "In the human digestive system, a bolus (a small rounded mass of chewed up food) enters the stomach through the esophagus via the lower esophageal sphincter."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Digestion",
"text": "The stomach releases proteases (protein-digesting enzymes such as pepsin) and hydrochloric acid, which kills or inhibits bacteria and provides the acidic pH of 2 for the proteases to work."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Digestion",
"text": "Food is churned by the stomach through muscular contractions of the wall called peristalsis – reducing the volume of the bolus, before looping around the fundus and the body of stomach as the boluses are converted into chyme (partially digested food)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "There were previously conflicting statements in the academic anatomy community over whether the cardia is part of the stomach, part of the oesophagus or a distinct entity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the digestive system the stomach is involved in the second phase of digestion, following chewing."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In humans, the stomach lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine)."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "It is in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital digestive organ."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Microanatomy | Wall",
"text": "Like the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the human stomach walls consist of a mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, subserosa and serosa."
}
] |
The stomach is the secondary part of the digestion process.
| 0 | 0 |
Stomach
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He makes a point of maintaining an emotional distance from the orphans, so that they can more easily make the transition into an adoptive family, but when it becomes clear that Homer is going to spend his entire childhood at the orphanage, Wilbur trains the orphan as an obstetrician and then comes to love him like a son."
}
] |
ZOkMIWbY53mzjPJG4IcN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The name \"The Cider House Rules\" refers to the list of rules that the migrant workers are supposed to follow at the Ocean View Orchards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The story about Wally being shot down over Burma was based in part on that of Irving's biological father (whom he never met), who had been shot down over Burma and survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He makes a point of maintaining an emotional distance from the orphans, so that they can more easily make the transition into an adoptive family, but when it becomes clear that Homer is going to spend his entire childhood at the orphanage, Wilbur trains the orphan as an obstetrician and then comes to love him like a son."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story, set in the pre– and post–"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They lie to the family about Angel's parentage, claiming that Homer decided to adopt him."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, none of them can read, and they are completely unaware of the rules - which have been posted for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When Candy becomes pregnant, they go back to St. Cloud's Orphanage, where their son is born and named Angel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Rose, the daughter of the head migrant worker at the apple orchard, becomes pregnant by her father, and Homer performs an abortion on her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story relates his early life at Larch's orphanage in Maine and follows Homer as he eventually leaves the nest and comes of age in the world."
}
] |
The Cider House Rules is a story about a father and his adopted son.
| 1 | 6 |
The Cider House Rules
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Charity work and death",
"text": "Because Clemente wanted Walker, who was single, to go enjoy New Year's, Clemente told him not to join him on the flight."
}
] |
ZOsGYv1sViN26DAmdC2M
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence on players today",
"text": "Recognized as \"The Great One\" , he often made his frustrations known about being overlooked by the media during his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball (1955–1972) | Pittsburgh Pirates, 1970s | 3000th hit",
"text": "By playing in right field in one more regular season game, on October 3, Clemente passed Honus Wagner's record for games played as a Pittsburgh Pirate, with 2,433 games played."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity work and death",
"text": "The airplane he chartered for a New Year's Eve flight, a Douglas DC-7 cargo plane, had a history of mechanical problems and an insufficient number of flight personnel (missing both a flight engineer and copilot), and was overloaded by 4,200 pounds (1,900 kg)."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity work and death",
"text": "Because Clemente wanted Walker, who was single, to go enjoy New Year's, Clemente told him not to join him on the flight."
},
{
"section_header": "Potential canonization",
"text": "One of the scenes in the movie features a conversation Clemente has with a nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Other honors and awards | Honors",
"text": "The coliseum in San Juan, Puerto Rico was named the Roberto Clemente Coliseum in 1973; two baseball parks are in Carolina, the professional one, Roberto Clemente Stadium, and the Double-A."
},
{
"section_header": "Other honors and awards | Honors",
"text": "The Pirates are one of the most popular baseball teams in Puerto Rico due to Clemente."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity work and death",
"text": "Clemente's teammate and close friend"
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league baseball (1954)",
"text": "Perhaps prompted by Sukeforth's followup visit (\"I don't care if you never play him; we're going to finish last, and we're going to draft him number one\"), Clemente's appearance ended a nearly two-month-long drought starting on June 6 (17 appearances, 6 starts, and 24 at-bats in 60 games)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other honors and awards | Schools",
"text": "Roberto Clemente Elementary School in Paterson, New Jersey Roberto Clemente Middle School in Paterson, New Jersey Roberto W. Clemente Middle School in Germantown,"
}
] |
Roberto Clemente predicted that he was going to pass away on New Years Eve so he made sure that his friend did not to get on the plane with him.
| 0 | 0 |
Roberto Clemente
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pedagogical writings",
"text": "The Craft of Musical Composition: Book 1—Theoretical Part, translated by Arthur Mendel (London: Schott & Co; New York: Associated Music Publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical system",
"text": "In the late 1930s, Hindemith wrote a theoretical book The Craft of Musical Composition (vol. 1, Hindemith 1937), which lays out this system in great detail."
}
] |
ZPSSkbq6tucVXWKUWUEV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Hindemith (; 16 November 1895 – 28 December 1963) was a prolific German composer, violist, violinist, teacher and conductor."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style",
"text": "Each of these pieces is written for a different small instrumental ensemble, many of them very unusual."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He did not stay in Turkey as long as many other émigrés, but he greatly influenced Turkish musical life; the Ankara State Conservatory owes much to his efforts."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical system",
"text": "Hindemith even rewrote some of his music after developing this system."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical system",
"text": "In the late 1930s, Hindemith wrote a theoretical book The Craft of Musical Composition (vol. 1, Hindemith 1937), which lays out this system in great detail."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical system",
"text": "One traditional aspect of classical music that Hindemith retains is the idea of dissonance resolving to consonance."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style",
"text": "Hindemith is among the most significant German composers of his time."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style",
"text": "In 1951, Hindemith completed his Symphony in B-flat."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style",
"text": "Hindemith premiered it with that band on April 5 of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "Hindemith was a prolific composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Pedagogical writings",
"text": "The Craft of Musical Composition: Book 1—Theoretical Part, translated by Arthur Mendel (London: Schott & Co; New York: Associated Music Publishers."
}
] |
Paul Hindemith authored many manuals of music.
| 2 | 6 |
Paul Hindemith
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a population of nearly 38.5 million people, Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union."
}
] |
ZQnJizkS7LQVCy5ByPER
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Land use",
"text": "Poland is the European Union's fourth largest supplier of pork after Germany, Spain and France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "Poland made the fourth-largest troop contribution in Europe and its troops served both the Polish Government in Exile in the west and Soviet leadership in the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Poland, with approximately 38.5 million inhabitants, has the eighth-largest population in Europe and the fifth-largest in the European Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "An estimated 94.2% of the population are believers and 3.1% are irreligious, making Poland one of the more devout countries in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a population of nearly 38.5 million people, Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "Of all the countries in the war, Poland lost the highest percentage of its citizens: around 6 million perished – more than one-sixth of Poland's pre-war population – half of them Polish Jews."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s to present",
"text": "Poland joined the Schengen Area in 2007, as a result of which, the country's borders with other member states of the European Union have been dismantled, allowing for full freedom of movement within most of the EU."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s to present",
"text": "In contrast to this, a section of Poland's eastern border now constitutes the external EU border with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jagiellon dynasty",
"text": "Poland-Lithuania one million of its population between the years of 1494 and 1694."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The country is the 25th largest exporter of goods and services in the world and its most successful exports include machinery, furniture, food products, clothing, shoes and cosmetics."
}
] |
The country of Poland is the fourth largest in population in the EU.
| 0 | 0 |
Poland
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco (1977–80)",
"text": "McCovey returned to the Giants in 1977 without a guaranteed contract, but he earned a position on the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor Leagues",
"text": "He later played for the Pacific Coast League Phoenix Giants just prior to being called up by the San Francisco Giants."
}
] |
ZR3ru69fiecx0QMHHoxz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "In the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 7, with two outs and the Giants trailing 1–0, Willie Mays was on second base and Matty Alou was on third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "He had a 22-game hitting streak, setting the mark for San Francisco Giants rookies, four short of the all-time team record."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco (1977–80)",
"text": "McCovey returned to the Giants in 1977 without a guaranteed contract, but he earned a position on the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "He was also named the Most Valuable Player of the 1969 All-Star Game after hitting two home runs to lead the National League team to a 9-3 victory over the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor Leagues",
"text": "He later played for the Pacific Coast League Phoenix Giants just prior to being called up by the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "In his Major League debut on July 30, 1959, McCovey went four-for-four against Hall-of-Famer Robin Roberts of the Philadelphia Phillies with two singles and two triples."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor Leagues",
"text": "He did not participate when his team played in Shreveport, Louisiana due to segregation in that city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman from 1959 to 1980, most notably as a member of the San Francisco Giants for whom he played with for 19 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor Leagues",
"text": "On his way to the Major Leagues, McCovey played for a San Francisco Giants' farm club in Dallas, Texas that was part of the Class AA Texas League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "The moment was immortalized in two Peanuts comic strips by Charles M. Schulz."
}
] |
McCovey played for the San Francisco Giants then jumped ship to two other teams then finished out his career back with the Giants.
| 1 | 4 |
Willie McCovey
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Parodies",
"text": "Parodies of this poem have also sprung up, most notably of which was by Eliot's contemporary, H. P. Lovecraft, a poem provocatively titled \"Waste Paper: A Poem of Profound Insignificance\"."
}
] |
ZS0e2xLAFZ8c57MqYKlQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The allusion is to the wounding of the Fisher King and the subsequent sterility of his lands; to restore the King and make his lands fertile again, the Grail questor must ask, \"What ails you?\" A poem strikingly similar in theme and language called \"Waste Land,\" written by Madison Cawein, was published in 1913 in Poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition history | Writing",
"text": "Eliot probably worked on the text that became The Waste Land for several years preceding its first publication in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Parodies",
"text": "Wendy Cope published a parody of The Waste Land, condensing the poem into five limericks, Waste Land Limericks, in her 1986 collection Making Cocoa for Kingley Amis."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "There were also a number of lowbrow references in the opening section of Eliot's original manuscript (when the poem was entitled"
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The Waste Land is not a single monologue like \"Prufrock\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Weston's book was so central to the structure of the poem that it was the first text that Eliot cited in his \"Notes on the Waste Land\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "In the end, the title Eliot chose was The Waste Land."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The Waste Land is Mr. Eliot's greatest achievement."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "SaidThe text of the poem is followed by several pages of notes, purporting to explain his metaphors, references, and allusions."
},
{
"section_header": "Parodies",
"text": "Parodies of this poem have also sprung up, most notably of which was by Eliot's contemporary, H. P. Lovecraft, a poem provocatively titled \"Waste Paper: A Poem of Profound Insignificance\"."
}
] |
The Waste Land was a great source of inspiration to the C'thulhu mythos, inspiring the man who created the elder god , who referred to Elliot's work with respect, calling the poem deep and meaningful.
| 0 | 0 |
The Waste Land
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Nothing of Magellan's body survived, that afternoon the grieving rajah-king, hoping to recover his remains, offered Mactan's victorious chief a handsome ransom of copper and iron for them but Datu Lapulapu refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He intended to keep the body as a war trophy."
}
] |
ZSYEIT9AJEtEGcGY5JNE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Voyage",
"text": "On 27 April, Magellan and members of his crew attempted to subdue the Mactan natives by force, but in the ensuing battle, the Europeans were overpowered and Magellan was killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "When the natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation following circumnavigation",
"text": "In the immediate aftermath of the circumnavigation, few celebrated Magellan for his accomplishments, and he was widely discredited and reviled in Spain and his native Portugal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães,"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He intended to keep the body as a war trophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Voyage",
"text": "On 6 March 1521, the exhausted fleet made landfall at the island of Guam and were met by native Chamorro people who came aboard the ships and took items such as rigging, knives, and a ship's boat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The expedition reached the Philippine islands, where Magellan was killed during the Battle of Mactan."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Background and preparations",
"text": "After having his proposed expeditions to the Spice Islands repeatedly rejected by King Manuel of Portugal, Magellan turned to Charles I, the young King of Spain (and future Holy Roman Emperor)."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Voyage",
"text": "Mendoza was killed during the conflict, and Magellan sentenced Quesada and Cartagena to being beheaded and marooned, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyage of circumnavigation | Voyage",
"text": "Magellan sent a raiding party ashore to retaliate, killing several Chamorro men, burning their houses, and recovering the 'stolen' goods."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Nothing of Magellan's body survived, that afternoon the grieving rajah-king, hoping to recover his remains, offered Mactan's victorious chief a handsome ransom of copper and iron for them but Datu Lapulapu refused."
}
] |
Ferdinand Magellan was killed by natives and the king of the natives keep his carcass as a prized possession.
| 0 | 0 |
Ferdinand Magellan
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The next year, her strong performance as a down-and-out actress in Dangerous (1935) did land her her first Best Actress nomination, and she won the award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The others were for Dark Victory (1939), The Letter (1940), The Little Foxes (1941) and"
}
] |
ZSbcyVmdI7vzSjS2PfBR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "For a period of time in the 1930s, the Academy revealed the second- and third-place vote getters in each category, Davis placed third for best actress above the officially nominated Grace Moore."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "In 1962, Bette Davis became the first person to secure 10 Academy Award nominations for acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "Among them, she became the first person to earn five consecutive Academy Award nominations for acting, all in the Best Actress category (1938–1942)."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "Since then only three people have surpassed this figure, Meryl Streep (with 21 nominations and three wins), Katharine Hepburn (12 nominations and four wins), and Jack Nicholson (12 nominations and three wins) with Laurence Olivier matching the number (10 nominations, 1 award).Steven Spielberg purchased Davis' Oscars for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), when they were offered for auction for $207,500 and $578,000, respectively, and returned them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1961–1970: Renewed success",
"text": "When Davis was nominated for an Academy Award, Crawford contacted the other Best Actress nominees (who were unable to attend the ceremonies) and offered to accept the award on their behalf, should they win."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "The academy's nomination and winner database notes this under the 1934 best actress category and under the Bette Davis search."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "and, when she was not nominated for an Academy Award, several influential people mounted a campaign to have her name included."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "Her record has only been matched by one other performer, Greer Garson, who also earned five consecutive nominations in the Best Actress category (1941–1945), including three years when both these actresses were nominated."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "The Academy relaxed its rules for that year (and the following year also) to allow for the consideration of any performer nominated in a write-in vote; therefore, any performance of the year was technically eligible for consideration."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1945–1949: Professional setbacks",
"text": "Joan Crawford played her role in Possessed, and was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The next year, her strong performance as a down-and-out actress in Dangerous (1935) did land her her first Best Actress nomination, and she won the award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The others were for Dark Victory (1939), The Letter (1940), The Little Foxes (1941) and"
}
] |
Bette Davis was an Academy Award winning actress who starred in Peyton's Place.
| 3 | 6 |
Bette Davis
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Economic policies | State intervention, 1923–1929",
"text": "Atatürk and İsmet İnönü's pursuit of state-controlled economic policies was guided by a national vision; their goal was to knit the country together, eliminate foreign control of the economy, and improve communications within Turkey."
}
] |
ZScxDwTQoa6m5WaSZWrl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic policies | Civic independence and the Caliphate, 1924–1925",
"text": "With the new law, education became inclusive, organized on a model of the civil community."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Due to the large Jewish community of Salonica in the Ottoman period, many of the Islamist opponents who were disturbed by his reforms claimed that Atatürk had Dönmeh ancestors, that is Jews who converted to Islam publicly, but still secretly retained their belief in Judaism."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic policies | Modernization efforts, 1931–1938",
"text": "On 1 January 1928, he established the Turkish Education Association, which supported intelligent and hard-working children in financial need, as well as material and scientific contributions to the educational life."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Worldwide",
"text": "As the leader of the national movement of 1919–1923, Atatürk was described by the Allies and Istanbul journalist Ali Kemal as \"robber chief\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Foreign policies | Relations with the Russian SFSR/Soviet Union",
"text": "Despite his relations with the Soviet Union, Atatürk was not willing to commit Turkey to communism. \" Friendship with Russia,\" he said, \"is not to adopt their ideology of communism for Turkey.\" Moreover, Atatürk declared, \"Communism is a social issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic policies | Modernization efforts, 1926–1930",
"text": "Atatürk's unified education program became a state-supervised system, which was designed to create a skill base for the social and economic progress of the country by educating responsible citizens as well as useful and appreciated members of society."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Turkey",
"text": "Kemal Atatürk is commemorated by many memorials throughout Turkey, such as the Atatürk International Airport in Istanbul, the Atatürk Bridge over the Golden Horn (Haliç), the Atatürk Dam, and Atatürk Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Turkish women received equal civil and political rights during Atatürk's presidency ahead of many Western countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic policies | Opposition to Atatürk in 1924–1927",
"text": "After the majority of the CHP chose him, Atatürk said, \"the Turkish nation is firmly determined to advance fearlessly on the path of the republic, civilization and progress\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Economic policies | State intervention, 1923–1929",
"text": "Atatürk and İsmet İnönü's pursuit of state-controlled economic policies was guided by a national vision; their goal was to knit the country together, eliminate foreign control of the economy, and improve communications within Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country."
}
] |
Kemal Atatürk renovated Turkey into a civil automated nation using his own wealth as well as receiving contributions from his Jewish community leaders and charging large fees for education.
| 0 | 0 |
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Capturing Gollum, Frodo takes pity and allows him to guide them, reminding Sam that they will need Gollum's help to infiltrate Mordor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Awakening from a dream of Gandalf fighting the Balrog in Moria, Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee find themselves lost in the Emyn Muil near Mordor and discover they are being tracked by Gollum, a former bearer of the One Ring."
}
] |
ZSi30X6AuLcMA7u5LyKN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The Two Towers was the most difficult of the Rings films to make, having neither a clear beginning nor end to focus the script."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frodo and Sam continue their journey towards Mordor to destroy the One Ring, meeting and joined by Gollum, the ring's former owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Two Towers opened in theatres on 18 December 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The screenwriters did not originally script The Two Towers as its own film: instead, parts of it were the conclusion to The Fellowship of the Ring, the first of two planned films under Miramax."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Like the other films in the series, The Two Towers has an ensemble cast, and the cast and their respective characters include: Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins: A young hobbit sent on a quest to destroy the One Ring, the burden of which is becoming heavier."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Gollum decides to betray Frodo and reclaim the Ring by leading the group to \"Her\" upon arriving at Cirith Ungol."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "The Two Towers shared principal photography with The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "Tolkien's The Two Towers is split into two parts; one follows the war in Rohan, while the other focuses on the journey of Frodo and Sam."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It was the highest-grossing film of 2002 worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Capturing Gollum, Frodo takes pity and allows him to guide them, reminding Sam that they will need Gollum's help to infiltrate Mordor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Awakening from a dream of Gandalf fighting the Balrog in Moria, Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee find themselves lost in the Emyn Muil near Mordor and discover they are being tracked by Gollum, a former bearer of the One Ring."
}
] |
The 2002 film The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers begins with Frodo meeting Gollum.
| 3 | 8 |
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Middle East",
"text": "The constellation is mentioned in Horace's Odes (Ode 3.27.18), Homer's Odyssey (Book 5, line 283) and Iliad, and Virgil's Aeneid (Book 1, line 535) In medieval Muslim astronomy, Orion was known as al-jabbar, \"the giant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Greco-Roman antiquity",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Orion was a gigantic, supernaturally strong hunter, born to Euryale, a Gorgon, and Poseidon (Neptune), god of the sea."
}
] |
ZTECyOtQdeZfU0qpguCY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Greco-Roman antiquity",
"text": "One myth recounts Gaia's rage at Orion, who dared to say that he would kill every animal on Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Americas",
"text": "Another Lakota myth mentions that the bottom half of Orion, the Constellation of the Hand, represented the arm of a chief that was ripped off by the Thunder People as a punishment from the gods for his selfishness."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the most conspicuous and recognizable constellations in the night sky."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Polynesian",
"text": "The seven primary stars of Orion make up the Polynesian constellation Heiheionakeiki which represents a child's string figure similar to a cat's cradle."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology",
"text": "The distinctive pattern of Orion is recognized in numerous cultures around the world, and many myths are associated with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Sword",
"text": "Orion's Sword contains the Orion Nebula, the Messier 43 nebula, the Running Man Nebula, and the stars Theta Orionis, Iota Orionis, and 42 Orionis."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Asian antiquity",
"text": "In China, Orion was one of the 28 lunar mansions Sieu (Xiu) (宿)."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Bright stars",
"text": "Its name means the \"shining one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Middle East",
"text": "The constellation is mentioned in Horace's Odes (Ode 3.27.18), Homer's Odyssey (Book 5, line 283) and Iliad, and Virgil's Aeneid (Book 1, line 535) In medieval Muslim astronomy, Orion was known as al-jabbar, \"the giant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Ancient Near East",
"text": "the figure of the Rooster is located below and behind the figure of the True Shepherd—both constellations represent the herald of the gods, in his bird and human forms respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Greco-Roman antiquity",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Orion was a gigantic, supernaturally strong hunter, born to Euryale, a Gorgon, and Poseidon (Neptune), god of the sea."
}
] |
One of the myths about Orion is that the constellation represents man against a giant.
| 0 | 0 |
Orion (constellation)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Esters usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are also one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market."
}
] |
ZTRwExiyNsDmV9nNZ85X
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applications and occurrence",
"text": "Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Preparation | Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols",
"text": "Since esterification is highly reversible, the yield of the ester can be improved using Le Chatelier's principle: Using the alcohol in large excess (i.e., as a solvent)."
},
{
"section_header": "List of ester odorants",
"text": "This has also led to their common use in artificial flavorings and fragrances which aim to mimic those odors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones."
},
{
"section_header": "Preparation | Transesterification",
"text": "The reaction is widely used for degrading triglycerides, e.g. in the production of fatty acid esters and alcohols."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Reduction",
"text": "Prior to the development of catalytic hydrogenation, esters were reduced on a large scale using the Bouveault–Blanc reduction."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Hydrolysis and saponification",
"text": "Hydrazines and hydroxylamine can be used in place of amines."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Reduction",
"text": "Especially for fine chemical syntheses, lithium aluminium hydride is used to reduce esters to two primary alcohols."
},
{
"section_header": "Preparation",
"text": "This leads to their extensive use in the fragrance and flavor industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Preparation | Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols",
"text": "acids can be esterified using diazomethane: RCO2H +"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Esters usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are also one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market."
}
] |
Esters are directly used in the creation of motherboards.
| 0 | 0 |
Ester
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On June 9, 2020, Just Eat Takeaway, a European food delivery service, announced an agreement to buy Grubhub for $7.3 billion in stock."
}
] |
ZUGKJIvDRXwbe3C3zUOk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Grubhub Inc. is an American online and mobile prepared food ordering and delivery platform that connects diners with local restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Announced acquisition",
"text": "The acquisition would create the largest online food delivery service outside of China, and provide Just Eat Takeaway with a base in the U.S. market."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On June 9, 2020, Just Eat Takeaway, a European food delivery service, announced an agreement to buy Grubhub for $7.3 billion in stock."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Delivery",
"text": "In February 2020, the company announced the launch of its new Grubhub+ monthly subscription program, which offers free, unlimited food delivery from partner restaurants for monthly fee."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Delivery",
"text": "In June 2014, Grubhub began offering delivery for restaurants that don't operate their own delivery service."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "MenuPages was acquired by Seamless in September 2011.DiningIn, an online ordering and food delivery company based in Brighton, Massachusetts, was acquired by Grubhub in February 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "Seamless is an online and mobile food ordering platform for regional restaurants active in the U.S. and London."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Announced acquisition",
"text": "North American headquarters would remain in Chicago with Grubhub founder, Matt Maloney, joining the board of directors and heading North American operations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Delivery",
"text": "In the U.S. its competitors include Uber Eats, DoorDash, Postmates, EatStreet, Amazon Restaurants and Online Restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "Restaurants on the Run, a corporate food delivery company based in Aliso Viejo, California, was acquired by Grubhub in February 2015.In December 2015, Grubhub acquired Delivered Dish, a restaurant delivery service in seven markets across the Pacific Northwest and Southwest, including Denver, Las Vegas, San Diego, Portland, El Paso and Albuquerque."
}
] |
Grubhub Inc. was bought out in 2020 by a larger American online food delivery service.
| 2 | 5 |
Grubhub
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti was the sixth of ten children of the composer and teacher Alessandro Scarlatti."
}
] |
ZUGhObzEqfOx8BMd4hlb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti has been heralded as the \"greatest Italian harpsichord composer of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti died in Madrid, at the age of 71."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Spanish Crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti was the sixth of ten children of the composer and teacher Alessandro Scarlatti."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "While in Rome, Scarlatti composed several operas for Queen Casimire's private theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "According to Vicente Bicchi, Papal Nuncio in Portugal at the time, Domenico Scarlatti arrived in Lisbon on 29 November 1719."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Aside from his many sonatas, Scarlatti composed a number of operas and cantatas, symphonias, and liturgical pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In 1967 the Italian musicologist Giorgio Pestelli published a revised catalog (using P. numbers), which corrected what he considered to be some anachronisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a variety of musical forms, although today he is known mainly for his 555 keyboard sonatas."
}
] |
Domenico Scarlatti was an Italian composer that had thirteen siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Domenico Scarlatti
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The original production's musical numbers were staged as vaudeville acts; the film respects this but presents them as cutaway scenes in the mind of the Roxie character, while scenes in \"real life\" are filmed with a hard-edged grittiness. (This construct is the reason given by director Marshall why \"Class,\" performed by Velma and Mama, was cut from the film.) The musical itself was based on a 1926 Broadway play by Maurine Watkins about two real-life Jazz-era murderers Beulah Annan (Roxie Hart) and Belva Gaertner (Velma Kelly)."
}
] |
ZUMme9YUIgAtEYoVapPn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical black comedy crime film based on the 1975 stage musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The press believe the story; praised by the public as a tragic heroine, Roxie becomes an overnight sensation (\"Roxie\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Billy discredits the diary, implying that Harrison was the one who planted the evidence (\"A Tap Dance\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Tim Robey, writer for The Daily Telegraph in the United Kingdom, labeled Chicago as \"The best screen musical for 30 years.\" He also stated that it has taken a \"three-step tango for us to welcome back the movie musical as a form.\" Robey said \"This particular Chicago makes the most prolific use it possibly can out of one specific advantage the cinema has over the stage when it comes to song and dance: it's a sustained celebration of parallel montage.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it \"Big, brassy fun\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The film is based on the 1975 Broadway musical, which ran for 936 performances but was not well received by audiences, primarily due to the show's cynical tone."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 86% approval rating, based on 256 reviews, with an average rating of 7.96/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "\" On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "Chicago was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Chicago, along with the 2001 musical Moulin Rouge!"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Velma Kelly perform (\"Overture/All That Jazz\") at a Chicago theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The original production's musical numbers were staged as vaudeville acts; the film respects this but presents them as cutaway scenes in the mind of the Roxie character, while scenes in \"real life\" are filmed with a hard-edged grittiness. (This construct is the reason given by director Marshall why \"Class,\" performed by Velma and Mama, was cut from the film.) The musical itself was based on a 1926 Broadway play by Maurine Watkins about two real-life Jazz-era murderers Beulah Annan (Roxie Hart) and Belva Gaertner (Velma Kelly)."
}
] |
Chicago is based on a true story.
| 0 | 0 |
Chicago (2002 film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Special effects",
"text": "Captain Davy Jones had originally been designed with chin growths, before the designers made the move to full-blown tentacles; the skin of the character incorporates the texture of a coffee-stained Styrofoam cup among other elements."
}
] |
ZVHlPHUfj2x0RZVW7ojS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest received mixed reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 American fantasy swashbuckler film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest premiered at Disneyland in California on June 24, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "He is also searching for the Dead Man's Chest to free himself from Jones' servitude."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "Disney produced a comic book adaption in their Junior Graphic Novels: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2007) Disney sponsored a racing yacht in the 2005 edition of the Volvo Ocean Race."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "voodoo priestess Tia Dalma, who reveals Jones' weakness is his heart, which is locked within the Dead Man's Chest."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special effects",
"text": "Captain Davy Jones had originally been designed with chin growths, before the designers made the move to full-blown tentacles; the skin of the character incorporates the texture of a coffee-stained Styrofoam cup among other elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Dead Man's Chest earned $423,315,812 in North America and $642,863,913 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1,066,179,725."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second installment of the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and the sequel to Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Unable to bear the pain of losing his true love, he carved out his heart and put it into the Dead Man's Chest, then buried it in a secret location."
}
] |
Davey Jones of the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, apparently has skin that's based on a disposable drinking vessel stained with hot bean juice.
| 0 | 0 |
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The song alludes to his car crash and drug abuse, as well as the movies"
}
] |
ZVbGm3RDPKs7IWLXoq8X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The song \"The Right Profile\" by the English punk rock band"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The song alludes to his car crash and drug abuse, as well as the movies"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It is commonly believed that drug addiction was responsible for Clift's many health problems and his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to stardom",
"text": "Many critics still call Clift and Taylor \"the most beautiful Hollywood movie couple of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Clift was the subject of fascination by the character Vikar (James Franco) in the film Zeroville, which was shot in 2015 and released on September 20, 2019 in limited theaters, to largely negative reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "R.E.M. is also about him. The song \"Montgomery Clift\" by British band Random Hold concerns the legend that Clift enjoyed hanging from the window ledges of tall buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Patricia Bosworth, who had access to Clift's family and many people who knew and worked with him, wrote in her book: Before the accident, Monty had drifted into countless affairs with men and women. ... After his car accident, and as his drug addiction became more serious, he was often impotent, and sex became less important to him."
}
] |
Montgomery Clift has been the subject of many songs.
| 0 | 0 |
Montgomery Clift
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "2010. \" The Enlisted Composer: Samuel Barber's Career 1942–1945\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years",
"text": "In 1942, after the US entered World War II, Barber joined the Army Air Corps; there, he was commissioned to write his Second Symphony, a work he later suppressed."
}
] |
ZVlJt26We4NLCW8xzidY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Samuel Barber: The Composer and His Music."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Heinsheimer, Hans W. (1968). \" The Composing Composer: Samuel Barber\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later years",
"text": "After this setback, Barber continued to write music until he was almost 70 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samuel Osmond Barber II (March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "In addition to composing, Barber was active in organizations that sought to help musicians and promote music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years",
"text": "Composed in 1943, the symphony was originally titled Symphony Dedicated to the Air Forces and was premiered in early 1944 by Serge Koussevitsky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "2010. \" The Enlisted Composer: Samuel Barber's Career 1942–1945\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Violin",
"text": "In 1939 Philadelphia industrialist Samuel Simeon Fels commissioned Barber to write a violin concerto for Fels's ward, Iso Briselli, a 1934 graduate from the Curtis Institute of Music (as Barber was)."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "Barber was also influential in the successful campaign by composers against ASCAP, the goal of which was to increase royalties paid to composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Piano",
"text": "The Nocturne (\"Homage to John Field\"), Op. 33, is another respected piece which he composed for the instrument."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years",
"text": "In 1942, after the US entered World War II, Barber joined the Army Air Corps; there, he was commissioned to write his Second Symphony, a work he later suppressed."
}
] |
Samuel Barber composed music until his stint in the armed forces, where he still composed music, but for the government.
| 0 | 0 |
Samuel Barber
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McCartney and Starr remain musically active."
}
] |
ZWAYLCQHXOJBzs4Eqpkb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McCartney and Starr remain musically active."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined them as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he and Lennon met that July."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group, whose best-known lineup comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, are regarded as the most influential band of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "McCartney has said, \"We'd had our cute period, and now it was time to expand.\" However, recording engineer Norman Smith later stated that the studio sessions revealed signs of growing conflict within the group – \"the clash between John and Paul was becoming obvious\", he wrote, and \"as far as Paul was concerned, George could do no right\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "[It's] John and the band, Paul and the band, George and the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1970s",
"text": "In April 1974, the musical John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert, written by Willy Russell and featuring singer Barbara Dickson, opened in London."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1980s",
"text": "All the remaining material from the singles and EPs that had not appeared on these thirteen studio albums was gathered on the two-volume compilation Past Masters (1988)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "I thought, 'We've fuckin' had it now.'\" Harrison's then-wife Pattie Boyd remembered that \"Paul and George were in complete shock."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development",
"text": "In The Beatles as Musicians, Walter Everett describes Lennon and McCartney's contrasting motivations and approaches to composition: \"McCartney may be said to have constantly developed – as a means to entertain – a focused musical talent with an ear for counterpoint and other aspects of craft in the demonstration of a universally agreed-upon common language that he did much to enrich."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Influences",
"text": "whose 1966 album Pet Sounds amazed and inspired McCartney."
}
] |
Only Paul McCartney remains musically active.
| 2 | 4 |
The Beatles
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Partnership with Farfetch",
"text": "Since the increasing mobile consumers in China, in 2017, Jingdong invested $397 million in Farfetch, which provided luxury e-commerce service based on the headquarters in London."
}
] |
ZWOl1aqB53LZhBFCYIsa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Partnership with Farfetch",
"text": "The Jingdong and Farfetch partnership aims to increase their market share in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Partnership with Farfetch",
"text": "Since the increasing mobile consumers in China, in 2017, Jingdong invested $397 million in Farfetch, which provided luxury e-commerce service based on the headquarters in London."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "May 2018: Metcash partnered with JD.Com to sell groceries in China."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "May 2019: company partners with Jiangsu Xinning Modern Logistics in order to automate its logistic services."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing."
},
{
"section_header": "Price war with Dangdang | Price war in physical books",
"text": "On the morning of December 16, Dangdang stated that the company would invest 40 million Chinese yuan to give discounts to customers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "June 2017: JD.com invested $397 million into Farfetch, a marketplace for luxury brands, as part of a new strategic partnership."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Partnership with Farfetch",
"text": "The deal focussed on Farfetch's respect for intellectual property which has been contrasted with Alibaba's reputation."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "June 2015: JD.com launch the Russian site aims to expand its business to global. June 2016- Wal-Mart sells its Chinese e-Commerce business Yihaodian to JD.com in exchange for a 5.9% equity stake valued at $1.5 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Jingteng Plan",
"text": "In 2015, JD.com and Tencent announced the launch of the \"Jingteng Plan\" (Chinese: 京腾计划), a portmanteau of the two companies' names, which will provide merchants with a complete solution to establish a brand and promote marketing effectiveness by linking JD.com consumption data with Tencent social data."
}
] |
JD.com is a Chinese e-commerce and is partner with Farfetch.
| 0 | 0 |
JD.com
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Blue Jays organization posthumously retired his number 32 on March 29, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On February 4, 2020, the Phillies announced they would retire Halladay's number 34 on May 29, 2020, the 10th anniversary of his perfect game."
}
] |
ZWRdOmWqllBf6sR83TnV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number retirement was postponed."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "Halladay had pitched Game Five despite having back pain."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On March 2, 2019, Phillies free agent acquisition Bryce Harper, who wore uniform number 34 from his debut with the Washington Nationals in 2012, announced that he would not wear the number 34 as a member of the Phillies, stating that \"Roy Halladay should be the last one to wear it\" for the Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Blue Jays organization posthumously retired his number 32 on March 29, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "At his press conference, Halladay listed a persistent back injury, as well as wanting to be more involved with his family, as his reasons for retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "Although retired as a player, Halladay continued to be a part of the game as a guest instructor for the Philadelphia Phillies and Toronto Blue Jays."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "Reflecting on that series at his retirement, Halladay said \"I think the one thing I took away from that is you can have the best team on paper, you can have the guys who want it the most."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "On December 9, 2013, Halladay signed a ceremonial one-day contract with the Blue Jays and announced his retirement from baseball due to injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On February 12, 2018, the Toronto Blue Jays announced they would retire Halladay's number 32 on Opening Day of the 2018 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On February 4, 2020, the Phillies announced they would retire Halladay's number 34 on May 29, 2020, the 10th anniversary of his perfect game."
}
] |
Roy Halladay was a pitcher that will have his number retired for two different teams.
| 0 | 0 |
Roy Halladay
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "Boudreau attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and captain of the basketball and baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a radio announcer for the Chicago Cubs and in college was a dual sport athlete in both baseball and earning All-American honors in basketball for the University of Illinois."
}
] |
ZX9qgnlyR44DSiQSzh78
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and honors",
"text": "In 1990, the Cleveland Indians established The Lou Boudreau Award, which is given every year to the organization's Minor League Player of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1948, Boudreau won the American League Most Valuable Player Award and managed the Cleveland Indians to the World Series title."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated from Thornton Township High School in Harvey, Illinois where he led the \"Flying Clouds\" to three straight Illinois high school championship games, finishing first in 1933 and second in 1934 and 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis Boudreau (nicknamed \"Old Shufflefoot,\" \"Handsome Lou\" or \"The Good Kid\"; July 17, 1917 – August 10, 2001) was an American professional baseball player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "However, Boudreau hit .355 in 1948; Cleveland won the AL pennant and the World Series, the Indians first World Series championship in 28 years and only the second in Indians history, with Veeck and Boudreau publicly acknowledging each other's role in the team's success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won the 1944 American League (AL) batting title (.327), and led the league in doubles in 1941, 1944, and 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": ", it turned out, for he went down quickly to the clubhouse and pointed out to the umpires that a game that was not yet an official game could not be treated as a suspended game (i.e., it had not gone five innings, or four and a half with the home team leading, as neither was the case), and as such had to be replayed from the first pitch (as was then the rule in a rain-out)."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "On June 23, 1976, the Cubs were two runs behind at home in the fourth inning of the second game of a doubleheader against the Pittsburgh Pirates at home when the umpires called the game on account of darkness (since there were no lights at Wrigley Field until 1988), announcing that the game would be resumed at the same point the next day as was normally the case in those days."
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "Boudreau attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and captain of the basketball and baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "During the 1936–37 basketball and baseball seasons, Boudreau led each Fighting Illini team to a Big Ten Conference championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a radio announcer for the Chicago Cubs and in college was a dual sport athlete in both baseball and earning All-American honors in basketball for the University of Illinois."
}
] |
Lou Boudreau won awards in school for baseball and track.
| 0 | 0 |
Lou Boudreau
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program."
}
] |
ZYKxxIl2AEVST6ItfIFc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Head coaching record",
"text": "In 1898, Naismith became the first basketball coach of University of Kansas also known as the first basketball coach in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Naismith invented the game of basketball and wrote the original 13 rules of this sport, as opposed to the NBA rule book which features 66 pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "Most of the fouls were called for running with the ball, though tackling the man with the ball was not uncommon.\" In contrast to modern basketball, the original rules did not include what is known today as the dribble."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "I blew a whistle, and the first game of basketball began."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "When Allen became a coach himself and told him that he was going to coach basketball at Baker University in 1904, Naismith discouraged him: \"You can't coach basketball; you just play it.\" Instead, Allen embarked on a coaching career that would lead him to be known as \"the Father of Basketball Coaching\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "In a radio interview in January 1939, Naismith gave more details of the first game and the initial rules that were used: I showed them two peach baskets I'd nailed up at each end of the gym, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The original rules of basketball written by James Naismith in 1891, considered to be basketball's founding document, was auctioned at Sotheby's, New York, in December 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "The first game of \"Basket Ball\" was played in December 1891."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "Naismith christened this new game \"Basket Ball\" and put his thoughts together in 13 basic rules."
}
] |
James Naismith is well known in basketball as he wrote the first known set of rules for the game.
| 2 | 3 |
James Naismith
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Four years later, in November 2019, they released their eighth album, Everyday Life, which received mainly positive reviews."
}
] |
ZYP4o61JExqV4s3INjZH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Their alternative rock style has been compared to bands like U2, Oasis, A-ha, R.E.M., and Radiohead."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2014: Ghost Stories",
"text": "On 25 February 2014, the band unveiled \"Midnight\", a track from their yet-to-be released album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2007: X&Y",
"text": "Coldplay spent most of 2004 out of the spotlight, taking a break from touring and releasing a satire music video of a song from a fictional band titled The Nappies while recording their third album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010–2012: Mylo Xyloto",
"text": "On 12 September the band released \"Paradise\", the second single from their upcoming album Mylo Xyloto."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "In the late 1990s, the EPs released by the band had characteristics of dream pop, setting them apart from later studio albums."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: A Head Full of Dreams",
"text": "On 15 August 2017, Coldplay announced that a live album covering the A Head Full of Dreams Tour would be released."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1999–2002: Parachutes",
"text": "Coldplay released their first studio album, Parachutes, on 10 July 2000 in the United Kingdom via their record label, Parlophone."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1999–2002: Parachutes",
"text": "The band also released the breakthrough single \"Yellow\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: A Head Full of Dreams",
"text": "The band officially announced that the EP would be released in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coldplay achieved worldwide fame with the release of the song \"Yellow\" in 2000, followed in the same year by their debut album Parachutes, which was nominated for the Mercury Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Four years later, in November 2019, they released their eighth album, Everyday Life, which received mainly positive reviews."
}
] |
The band Coldplay has released eight albums.
| 0 | 0 |
Coldplay
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bribery",
"text": "On April 9, 2014, an administrative proceeding before Securities and Exchange Commission was settled by HP consenting to an order acknowledging that HP had violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) when HP subsidiaries in Russia, Poland, and Mexico made improper payments to government officials to obtain or retain lucrative public contracts."
}
] |
ZYfFamItTjHJq43r8EqG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Spying scandal",
"text": "The pretexting involved investigators impersonating HP board members and nine journalists (including reporters for CNET, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal) in order to obtain their phone records."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This success led Hewlett and Packard to formally establish their Hewlett-Packard Company on January 1, 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "They tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard (HP) or Packard-Hewlett."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2009",
"text": "On November 11, 2009, 3Com and Hewlett-Packard announced that Hewlett-Packard would be acquiring 3Com for $2.7 billion in cash."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "They considered Terman a mentor in forming Hewlett-Packard."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1939, Hewlett and Packard decided to formalize their partnership."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1960s",
"text": "The products were not a huge success, as there were high costs involved in building HP-looking products in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2015",
"text": "On November 1, 2015, as previously announced, Hewlett-Packard changed its name to HP Inc. and spun off Hewlett Packard Enterprise as a new publicly traded company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hewlett-Packard held onto the PC and printer businesses and was renamed HP Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2015",
"text": "On October 29, 2014, Hewlett-Packard announced their new Sprout personal computer."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bribery",
"text": "On April 9, 2014, an administrative proceeding before Securities and Exchange Commission was settled by HP consenting to an order acknowledging that HP had violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) when HP subsidiaries in Russia, Poland, and Mexico made improper payments to government officials to obtain or retain lucrative public contracts."
}
] |
Hewlett Packard has never been involved into a scandal.
| 0 | 0 |
Hewlett-Packard
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Parvis (courtyard)",
"text": "In the 13th century, the tops of the columns were removed and sent to Mecca by the Khwarezmids."
}
] |
ZYozhzck72xgERkzy5QK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Parvis (courtyard)",
"text": "In the 13th century, the tops of the columns were removed and sent to Mecca by the Khwarezmids."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction (4th century)",
"text": "After the temple was torn down and its ruins removed, the soil was removed from the cave, revealing a rock-cut tomb that Helena and Macarius identified as the burial site of Jesus, around which a shrine was constructed."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Parvis (courtyard)",
"text": "It is one of the few tombs of crusaders and other Europeans not removed from the Church after the Muslim recapture of Jerusalem in the 12th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction (4th century)",
"text": "After seeing a vision of a cross in the sky in 312, Constantine the Great converted to Christianity, signed the Edict of Milan legalising the religion, and sent his mother Helena to Jerusalem to look for Christ's tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Franciscan area north of the Aedicule",
"text": "Here stands a piece of an ancient column, allegedly part of the one Jesus was tied to during his scourging."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Catholicon",
"text": "Since 1996 this dome is topped by the monumental Golgotha Crucifix which the Greek Patriarch Diodoros"
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Calvary (Golgotha)",
"text": "The softer surrounding stone was removed when the church was built."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Rotunda and Aedicule",
"text": "Possibly due to the fact that pilgrims laid their hands on the tomb or to prevent eager pilgrims from removing bits of the original rock as souvenirs, a marble plaque was placed in the fourteenth century on the tomb to prevent further damage to the tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Stone of Anointing",
"text": "The wall was a temporary addition to support the arch above it, which had been weakened after the damage in the 1808 fire; it blocks the view of the rotunda, separates the entrance from the Catholicon, sits on top of the now empty and desecrated graves of four 12th-century crusader kings—including Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin I of Jerusalem—and is no longer structurally necessary."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Parvis (courtyard)",
"text": "South of the parvis, opposite the church: Broken columns—once forming part of an arcade—stand opposite the church, at the top of a short descending staircase stretching over the entire breadth of the parvis."
}
] |
In the 14th century, the tops of the columns were removed and sent to Mecca.
| 4 | 5 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Lovato was raised in Dallas, Texas."
}
] |
ZYwwwuyoYQ6WWIC4YdQd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "When Lovato went on stage to accept her award, she said it meant \"more than any music award\" and teared up when talking about growing up in Texas, \"where it wasn't very accepting of any sort of LGBT person\" and growing up with \"friends that were gay and were afraid to come out\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Lovato was raised in Dallas, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "Lovato was featured on \"Up\", the second single from Olly Murs' fourth studio album, Never Been Better."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "One of these songs included a collaboration with Olly Murs on a song for his fourth studio album, entitled \"Up\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "On June 11, Lovato released an e-book, Demi, on iBooks."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "Lovato announced her skincare line called Devonne by Demi to be available in December 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2008: Breakthrough with Camp Rock and Don't Forget",
"text": "Warm Up Tour before the release of her debut studio album, and appeared on the Jonas Brothers' Burnin' Up Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "On December 23, 2011, Lovato posted a message on Twitter criticizing her former network for airing episodes of Shake It Up"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "The album has been certified Gold in the US.The lead single from Demi,"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2020, Lovato released a limited edition collection with Fabletics, where she pledged up to $125,000 to the COVID-19 pandemic relief efforts."
}
] |
Demi Lovato did grew up in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
Demi Lovato
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 18 seasons in the majors, from 1882 until 1899, all for the Cincinnati Reds franchise."
}
] |
ZZ1ZRX1jTugxDdeMaeja
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "He is one of three Baseball Hall of Famers, along with Johnny Bench and Barry Larkin, who played their entire career in Cincinnati."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "After not playing baseball in 1880, he joined an independent team in Akron, Ohio in 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Alexander \"Bid\" McPhee (November 1, 1859 – January 3, 1943) was an American 19th-century Major League Baseball second baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Before the 1882 season, he signed a contract to play for the Cincinnati Red Stockings, a team in the newly formed American Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "McPhee was the only starting second baseman Cincinnati had for the first 18 seasons of its existence, accompanying the team to the National League in 1890, when they became the Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "McPhee is also the only Hall of Famer from the 1882 pennant-winning Cincinnati Red Stockings team."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "McPhee was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000, more than 100 years after he played in his last major league game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "He had ten 100-plus seasons in runs scored and regularly led the league in many defensive categories despite playing without a glove for the first 14 years of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known more for his fielding than his hitting, McPhee was the last second baseman to play without a glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He played for Davenport for three seasons, shifting to second base during the 1879 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 18 seasons in the majors, from 1882 until 1899, all for the Cincinnati Reds franchise."
}
] |
Bid McPhee played his whole career for one baseball team.
| 0 | 0 |
Bid McPhee
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tartuffe, or The Impostor, or The Hypocrite (; French: Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur, pronounced [taʁtyf u lɛ̃pɔstœʁ]), first performed in 1664, is one of the most famous theatrical comedies by Molière."
}
] |
ZZ4jxKGti6JrFulO5Ay3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The revised version of the play was called L'Imposteur and had a main character titled Panulphe instead of Tartuffe."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Gérard Depardieu directed and starred in the title role of Le tartuffe, the 1984 French film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "The final revised version in five acts, under the title Le Tartuffe, began on 5 February 1669 at the Palais-Royal theatre and was highly successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "The original version of the play was in three acts and was first staged on 12 May 1664 as part of festivities known as Les Plaisirs de l'île enchantée held at the Palace of Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Though Tartuffe was received well by the public and even by Louis XIV, it immediately sparked conflict amongst many different groups who were offended by the play's portrayal of someone who was outwardly pious but fundamentally mercenary, lecherous and deceitful and who uses their profession of piety to prey on others."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "While the king had little personal interest in suppressing the play, he did so because, as stated in the official account of the fête: \"... although it was found to be extremely diverting, the king recognized so much conformity between those that a true devotion leads on the path to heaven and those that a vain ostentation of some good works does not prevent from committing some bad ones, that his extreme delicacy to religious matters can not suffer this resemblance of vice to virtue, which could be mistaken for each other; although one does not doubt the good intentions of the author, even so he forbids it in public, and deprived himself of this pleasure, in order not to allow it to be abused by others, less capable of making a just discernment of it.\" As a result of Molière's play, contemporary French and English both use the word \"Tartuffe\" to designate a hypocrite who ostensibly and exaggeratedly feigns virtue, especially religious virtue."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tartuffe even gets Orgon to order that, to teach Damis a lesson, Tartuffe should be around Elmire more than ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As a gift to Tartuffe and further punishment to Damis and the rest of his family, Orgon signs over all his worldly possessions to Tartuffe."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Molière wrote Tartuffe in 1664."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Bell Shakespeare Company, Tartuffe -"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tartuffe, or The Impostor, or The Hypocrite (; French: Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur, pronounced [taʁtyf u lɛ̃pɔstœʁ]), first performed in 1664, is one of the most famous theatrical comedies by Molière."
}
] |
Tartuffe was also known by 2 other titles.
| 0 | 4 |
Tartuffe
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), which the company named after him in 1895."
}
] |
ZZImTDMs7kP38JJHCAEm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Expanding the British Empire | Rhodesia",
"text": "The BSAC had its own police force, the British South Africa Police, which was used to control Matabeleland and Mashonaland, in present-day Zimbabwe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cecil John Rhodes (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British mining magnate, and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood | South Africa",
"text": "Among his associates in the early days were John X. Merriman and Charles Rudd, who later became his partner in the De Beers Mining Company and the Niger Oil Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "\"The Return of the Ronin\". The 1976 Hugh Masekela album Colonial Man has a song titled \"Cecil Rhodes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Diamonds and the establishment of De Beers",
"text": "$28.5m USD). Rhodes was named the chairman of De Beers at the company's founding in 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "For all the former African colonies are now ruled by indigenous peoples, unlike the Americas and the Antipodes, most of whose aboriginal natives were all but exterminated.\" Godwin goes on to say \"Rhodes and his cronies fit in perfectly with their surroundings and conformed to the morality (or lack of it) of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Boer War",
"text": "The military felt he was more of a liability than an asset and found him intolerable."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Rhodes University College, now Rhodes University, in Grahamstown, was established in his name by his trustees and founded by Act of Parliament on 31 May 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "In the serial, Cecil Rhodes is played by Martin Shaw, the younger Cecil Rhodes is played by his son Joe Shaw, and Princess Radziwiłł is played by Frances Barber."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics in South Africa",
"text": "It forced Cecil Rhodes to resign as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, sent his oldest brother Col. Frank Rhodes to jail in Transvaal convicted of high treason and nearly sentenced to death, and contributed to the outbreak of the Second Boer War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), which the company named after him in 1895."
}
] |
Businessman Cecil John Rhodes founded a colony in present day Ghana.
| 0 | 0 |
Cecil Rhodes
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In January 2016, the University of Virginia announced its Gallows Hill Project team had determined the execution site in Salem, where the 19 \"witches\" had been hanged."
}
] |
ZZoTG2D0sfXRetnqTWBU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Spectral evidence",
"text": "The publication A Tryal of Witches, related to the 1662 Bury St Edmunds witch trial, was used by the magistrates at Salem when looking for a precedent in allowing spectral evidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources and early discussion",
"text": "Several traveled to Salem in order to gather information about the trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure",
"text": "Events in Salem and Danvers in 1992 were used to commemorate the trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Witch cake",
"text": "According to a March 27, 1692 entry by Parris in the Records of the Salem-Village Church, a church member and close neighbor of Rev. Parris, Mary Sibley (aunt of Mary Walcott), directed John Indian, a man enslaved by Parris, to make a witch cake."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure | Memorials",
"text": "The 300th anniversary of the trials was marked in 1992 in Salem and Danvers by a variety of events."
},
{
"section_header": "In literature, media and popular culture",
"text": "Most recently, the events of the Salem witch trials were interpreted in the 2018 exploitation-teen comedy film Assassination Nation, which changed the setting to the present United States and added thick social commentary in order to underline the absurdity of the actual events."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Overview",
"text": "Giles Corey, an 81-year-old farmer from the southeast end of Salem (called Salem Farms), refused to enter a plea when he came to trial in September."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Only fourteen other women and two men had been executed in Massachusetts and Connecticut during the 17th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Accusations and examinations before local magistrates",
"text": "During the proceedings, objections by Elizabeth's husband, John Proctor, resulted in his arrest that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In January 2016, the University of Virginia announced its Gallows Hill Project team had determined the execution site in Salem, where the 19 \"witches\" had been hanged."
}
] |
"Witches" were burned at the stake during the Salem witch trials.
| 0 | 5 |
Salem witch trials
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the sequel to Iron Man (2008) and Iron Man 2 (2010), and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)."
}
] |
ZZuv9E688QBXVqU1wYCA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Iron Man 3 premiered at the Grand Rex in Paris on April 14, 2013, and released in the United States on May 3, as the first film in Phase Two of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Iron Man 3 was the first film released in Phase Two of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the sequel to Iron Man (2008) and Iron Man 2 (2010), and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Iron Man 3 is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Potential sequel",
"text": "In March 2013, Black stated that Downey's original contract with Marvel Studios, which expired after the release of Iron Man 3, may be extended in order for the actor to appear in a second Avengers film and at least one more Iron Man film."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "On March 25, 2013, Marvel and Disney revealed on the official Iron Man Facebook page, \"Iron Man 3: Armor Unlock,\" to reveal suits Stark has made before the events of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Iron Man 3 was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment in digital download form on September 3, 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "On October 18, 2010, Walt Disney Studios agreed to pay Paramount at least $115 million for the worldwide distribution rights to Iron Man 3, with Disney, Marvel, and Paramount announcing a May 3, 2013 release date for the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "On its 23rd day in theaters, Iron Man 3 became the sixth Disney film and the 16th film overall to reach $1 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "\" A report on actual production costs for films from FilmL.A. Inc., indicated a gross budget of $200 million, with a net of $178.4 million for Iron Man 3 after tax incentives from North Carolina and Florida."
}
] |
The 2013 film Iron Man 3 is the 7th film in the MCU.
| 0 | 0 |
Iron Man 3
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "He used the name \"Max Carey\" in order to retain his amateur status at Concordia College."
}
] |
ZanrJ06vhuBGX5igyw9c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Maximillian George Carnarius was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, on January 11, 1890."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was a Prussian soldier and swimming teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maximillian George Carnarius (January 11, 1890 – May 30, 1976), known as Max George Carey, was an American professional baseball center fielder and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "He used the name \"Max Carey\" in order to retain his amateur status at Concordia College."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He had emigrated to the United States after the Franco-Prussian War and worked as a contractor."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Carey ended up in a slump that summer and one day Clarke commented to McKechnie that they should replace Carey, even if they had to replace him with a pitcher."
}
] |
Maximillian George Carnarius changed his name so that no one know his father was Prussian.
| 0 | 0 |
Max Carey
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It examines the complexities of the marriage of a middle-aged couple, Martha and George."
}
] |
ZapItZESJshJAo9o3dfX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Critique of societal expectations",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Original production",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Dance interpretation",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations | Title",
"text": "And of course, who's afraid of Virginia Woolf means who's afraid of the big bad wolf . . ."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations | Characters",
"text": "The primary conflict between George and Martha in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is a pun on the song \" Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?\" from Walt Disney's Three Little Pigs (1933), substituting the name of the celebrated English author Virginia Woolf."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It examines the complexities of the marriage of a middle-aged couple, Martha and George."
}
] |
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is about a teenager named Virginia and her way of dealing with her problems.
| 0 | 0 |
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tom later trades the trinkets with other students for various denominations of tickets, obtained at the local Sunday school for memorizing verses of Scripture; he cashes these in to the minister to win a much-coveted Bible offered to studious children as a prize, despite being one of the worst students in the Sunday school and knowing almost nothing of Scripture, eliciting envy from the students and a mixture of pride and shock from the adults."
}
] |
ZbMfik08PrlzSQWDYdXf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In one of the most famous scenes in American literature, Tom cleverly persuades the various neighbourhood children to trade him small trinkets and treasures for the \"privilege\" of doing his tedious work, using reverse psychology to convince them it is an enjoyable activity."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels and other works featuring Tom Sawyer",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896)Tom Sawyer, the story's title character, also appears in two other uncompleted sequels: Huck and Tom Among the Indians and Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the novel Tom Sawyer has several adventures, often with his friend Huckleberry Finn."
},
{
"section_header": "Inception",
"text": "The real Tom Sawyer was a local hero, famous for rescuing 90 passengers after a shipwreck."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "The two other subsequent books, Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer, Detective, are similarly in the first person narrative from the perspective of Huckleberry Finn."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (Приключения Тома Сойера и Гекльберри Финна), 1981 Soviet Union 3 episodes version directed by Stanislav Govorukhin Rascals and Robbers: The Secret Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1982), a made-for-TV movie, starring Patrick Creadon as Tom and Anthony Michael Hall as Huck. Sawyer and Finn (1983), American television series pilot in which Tom Sawyer (Peter Horton) and Huck Finn (Michael Dudikoff) reunite by chance 10 years after the original story and seek new adventures in the Old West."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In court, Injun Joe pins the murder on Muff Potter, although Tom and Huckleberry Finn know he is innocent."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "Tom Sawyer & Huckleberry Finn (2014), starring Joel Courtney as Tom and Jake T. Austin as Huck. Band of Robbers, a 2015 American crime comedy film written and directed by the Nee Brothers"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A fun-loving boy, Tom skips school to go swimming and is made to whitewash his aunt's fence for the entirety of the next day, Saturday, as punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tom and Huckleberry Finn swear a blood oath not to tell anyone about the murder, fearing Injun Joe would somehow discover it was them and murder them in turn."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tom later trades the trinkets with other students for various denominations of tickets, obtained at the local Sunday school for memorizing verses of Scripture; he cashes these in to the minister to win a much-coveted Bible offered to studious children as a prize, despite being one of the worst students in the Sunday school and knowing almost nothing of Scripture, eliciting envy from the students and a mixture of pride and shock from the adults."
}
] |
Tom Sawyer uses the stuff he swindles out of other children with the famous fence scam to barter for a slingshot from Huckleberry Finn.
| 0 | 0 |
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban outfielder in Negro league baseball with the Cuban Stars, All Nations, Chicago American Giants, Kansas City Monarchs and Detroit Stars."
}
] |
ZbZdWm2qGA2XnBAkUkv4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He reportedly used \"awful\" language, then threw dirt on the Umpire's \"newly creased trousers.\" His temper caused him to walk off the Monarchs in 1926 after a dispute involving a stolen diamond ring."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban outfielder in Negro league baseball with the Cuban Stars, All Nations, Chicago American Giants, Kansas City Monarchs and Detroit Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban League career",
"text": "Along with Martín Dihigo and José Méndez, Torriente is considered one of the greatest baseball players from Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Indianapolis ABC's manager C.I. Taylor stated, \"If I see Torriente walking up the other side of the street, I would say, 'There walks a ballclub.'\" In the 2001 book The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, Bill James ranked Torriente as the 67th greatest baseball player ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Rube Foster broke up the fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "He had a stocky and slightly bowlegged build, but was known for deceptive power and a strong, accurate arm from center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente played on the great Chicago American Giants teams of 1918–1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente led the American Giants to Negro National League pennants from 1920 to 1922 while batting .411, .338, and .342 for these seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played from 1912 to 1932. Torriente was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
}
] |
American baseball player Cristóbal Torriente was known for getting into fights and using awful language.
| 0 | 0 |
Cristóbal Torriente
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It provided the inspiration for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film Apocalypse Now."
}
] |
ZbxMr7oBxwjDaaJsclYj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "The Drowned World includes many similarities to Conrad's novella."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "The cast includes Inga Swenson and Eartha Kitt."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "In 1902 Heart of Darkness was included in the book Youth: a Narrative, and Two Other Stories, published on 13 November 1902 by William Blackwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "Poet Yedda Morrison's 2012 book Darkness erases Conrad's novella, \"whiting out\" his text so that only images of the natural world remain."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "James Gray's 2019 science fiction film"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "A film documenting the production, titled Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, showed some of the difficulties which director Coppola faced making the film, which resembled some of the novella's themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "Perhaps the most known adaptation is Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film Apocalypse"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Radio and stage",
"text": "Welles even filmed a short presentation film illustrating his intent."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Radio and stage",
"text": "and it was to be entirely filmed as a POV from Marlow's eyes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Other critiques include Hugh Curtler's Achebe on Conrad: Racism and Greatness in Heart of Darkness (1997)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It provided the inspiration for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film Apocalypse Now."
}
] |
A number of movies and literature including a 1978 film have been influenced by this book.
| 1 | 1 |
Heart of Darkness
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "He was the first president of Turkey to die in office."
}
] |
Zc3D5pzTEpejiHZWJbxj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "Throughout most of his life, Atatürk was a moderate-to-heavy drinker, often consuming half a litre of rakı a day; he also smoked tobacco, predominantly in the form of cigarettes."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "He was the first president of Turkey to die in office."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Economic policies | State intervention, 1923–1929",
"text": "The tobacco and cigarette trade was controlled by two French companies: the Regie Company and Narquileh Tobacco."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic policies | Modernization efforts, 1931–1938",
"text": "Saffet Arıkan, a politician who was the head of the Turkish Language Association, said \"Ulu Önderimiz Ata Türk Mustafa Kemal\" (\"Our Great Leader Ata Türk Mustafa Kemal\") in the opening speech of the 2nd Language Day on 26 September 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Foreign policies | Issue of Hatay",
"text": "During the second half of the 1930s, Atatürk tried to form a closer relationship with Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Worldwide",
"text": "Huda considered Atatürk as a role model for her actions and wrote in her memoirs: After the Istanbul conference ended, we received an invitation to attend the celebration held by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the liberator of modern Turkey ... In the salon next to his office, the invited delegates stood in the form of a semicircle, and after a few moments the door opened and entered Atatürk surrounded by an aura of majesty and greatness, and a feeling of prestige prevailed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kemal Atatürk was born (under the name Ali Rıza oğlu Mustafa which means \"Mustafa son of Ali Rıza\") in the early months of 1881, either in the Ahmet Subaşı neighbourhood or at a house (preserved as a museum) in Islahhane Street (now Apostolou Pavlou Street) in the Koca Kasım Pasha neighbourhood in Salonica (Selanik), Ottoman Empire (Thessaloniki in present-day Greece), to Ali Rıza Efendi, a militia officer, title deed clerk and lumber trader, and Zübeyde Hanım."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Early years",
"text": "He joined a small secret revolutionary society of reformist officers led by a merchant Mustafa Elvan (Cantekin) called Vatan ve Hürriyet (\"Motherland and Liberty\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic policies",
"text": "This defining ideology of the Republic of Turkey is referred to as the \"Six Arrows\", or Kemalism."
}
] |
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a moderate-to-heavy drinker, often consuming half a litre of rakı a day; he also smoked tobacco, predominantly in the form of cigarettes and was the last president of Turkey to die in office.
| 0 | 0 |
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "With his father, he lived in Lahore, Mogadishu and Khartoum."
}
] |
ZcZPt86KHakYSHuVNZDg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William McChord Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "With his father, he lived in Lahore, Mogadishu and Khartoum."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his classmates there were Christopher Reeve and Robin Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hurt was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Claire Isabel (née McGill), who worked at Time Inc., and Alfred McChord Hurt, who worked for the State Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In response to the accusations aired on CNN on April 13, 2009, Hurt's agent declined to respond, but Hurt issued a statement the following day, which said: \"My own recollection is that we both apologized and both did a great deal to heal our lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt also starred in Tuck Everlasting as Angus Tuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt is a private pilot and owner of a Beechcraft Bonanza."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt is fluent in French and maintains a home outside Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hurt and Jennings remained officially unmarried and later separated."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt began his career in stage productions, only later acting in films."
}
] |
William Hurt has only lived in Washington, D.C.
| 0 | 0 |
William Hurt
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Major League Baseball (MLB), Jackson played for the New York Giants from 1922 through 1936, winning the 1933 World Series, and representing the Giants in the MLB All-Star in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of William Jackson, a wholesale grocer, and his wife Etta, who named their son after William B. Travis, a lieutenant colonel who died at the Battle of the Alamo."
}
] |
ZcafuBs5xMeXAF86A4cy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Playing career",
"text": "Jackson played third base in his final two seasons, serving as team captain, although he struggled in the 1936 World Series, which the Giants lost to the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Major League Baseball (MLB), Jackson played for the New York Giants from 1922 through 1936, winning the 1933 World Series, and representing the Giants in the MLB All-Star in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Coaching and managing career",
"text": "The team, which the Giants had purchased to become their farm team that offseason, was moved from Albany, New York, with Jackson to serve as player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Playing career",
"text": "Despite this, Elberfeld recommended Jackson to John McGraw, manager of the New York Giants of the National League (NL), who was entitled to a Travelers player as he had lent a player to the team in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of William Jackson, a wholesale grocer, and his wife Etta, who named their son after William B. Travis, a lieutenant colonel who died at the Battle of the Alamo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Travis Calvin Jackson (November 2, 1903 – July 27, 1987) was an American baseball shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jackson and his wife, Mary, had two children, Dorothy Fincher and William Travis Jackson, six grandchildren and four great-grandchildren."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Playing career",
"text": "After the season, the Giants requested waivers on Jackson to assign him to the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Playing career",
"text": "Jackson debuted with the Giants on September 22, 1922, appearing in three games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Coaching and managing career",
"text": "He managed the Owensboro Oilers of the Class-D Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League in 1950, and began the 1951 season managing the Bluefield Blue-Greys of the Class-D Appalachian League, but was reassigned to the Hartford Chiefs of the Class-A Eastern League when Hartford manager Tommy Holmes was named the Braves' manager."
}
] |
Travis Jackson played for the New York Giants and got his name from a man that fought at a famous place in San Antonio.
| 2 | 4 |
Travis Jackson
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "He was Cuba's Minister of Sport from 1959 until his death, where he was called \"The Immortal\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "In other Latin American countries, he was called \"El Maestro\", translated as \"The Master\"."
}
] |
ZcvDmOM39d1qKLBofS56
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martín Magdaleno Dihigo Llanos (May 25, 1906 – May 20, 1971) was a Cuban professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues",
"text": "As a pitcher, he went 26–19 with a 2.92 ERA, with 176 strikeouts and 80 walks in 354 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Martín Dihigo's stature as a ballplayer is reflected in this conversation between former Dodgers general manager Al Campanis and broadcaster Jaime Jarrín: \"Al said, 'Jaime, the best player that I have ever seen in my life is Martin Dihigo, but he never came to the Major Leagues,'\" Jarrin said."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "'\"Martín Dihigo is buried in Cementerio Municipal Cruces in Cruces, Cienfuegos, Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues",
"text": "Dihigo's career record in twelve seasons in the Negro leagues was a .307 average and .511 slugging percentage, with 431 hits, 64 home runs, 61 doubles, 17 triples, 227 RBIs, and 292 runs scored in 1404 at bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "Although a two-time All-Star in the American Negro leagues, Dihigo's greatest season came in the Mexican League in 1938, with Rojos del Aguila de Veracruz where he went 18-2 with a 0.90 ERA as a pitcher, while winning the batting title with a .387 average."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "He was Cuba's Minister of Sport from 1959 until his death, where he was called \"The Immortal\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "In other Latin American countries, he was called \"El Maestro\", translated as \"The Master\"."
}
] |
Martín Magdaleno Dihigo's nickname has an approximate meaning of "The Wizard" in English.
| 0 | 1 |
Martín Dihigo
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, it chronicles the lives and hardships of students attending the High School of Performing Arts (known today as Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School), from their auditions to their freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years."
}
] |
ZdBjCqruxFVQUi0xHePj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The musical numbers were performed practically on set, as Parker wanted to avoid dubbing during post-production."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "In response, representatives of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE) halted the production, and forbade Parker from using smoke on the set."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, it chronicles the lives and hardships of students attending the High School of Performing Arts (known today as Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School), from their auditions to their freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "During filming, Seresin chose to operate the camera himself for several hours before IATSE representatives visited the set, and advised Parker that a cinematographer was forbidden to operate a camera, and that the production would be shut down permanently if he did not hire an operator from their union."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise",
"text": "In 1982, the band released two albums, The Kids from \"Fame\" and The Kids from \"Fame\" Again, which were largely successful in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Fame premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre on May 12, 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's consensus reads, \"Just because Fame is a well-acted musical"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "A second single, \"Out Here on My Own\", was released as a follow-up to \"Fame\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received several awards and nominations, including two Academy Awards for Best Original Song (\"Fame\") and Best Original Score, and a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song (\"Fame\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fame is a 1980 American teen musical drama film directed by Alan Parker."
}
] |
Fame was set in NYC.
| 0 | 0 |
Fame (1980 film)
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Italy and England, the story is both a romance and a humorous critique of English society at the beginning of the 20th century."
}
] |
ZdJKG8wjQ7ryPMtjc2vU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part one",
"text": "Misunderstanding Lucy's awkward Italian, the driver leads her to where George is admiring the view."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part one",
"text": "They were promised rooms with a view of the River Arno but instead have ones overlooking a drab courtyard."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "A Room with a View had a lengthy gestation."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part one",
"text": "On the way to Santa Croce, the two take a wrong turn and get lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part one",
"text": "Overcome by Lucy's beauty amongst a field of violets, he takes her in his arms and kisses her."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage, film, radio, and television adaptations",
"text": "In 2006, Andrew Davies announced that he was to adapt A Room with a View for ITV."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Your Enemy\" features the line \"As we move into '92/Still in a room without a view\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part one",
"text": "He and his son, George, both have rooms with views of the Arno, and argues, \"Women like looking at a view; men don’t.\" Charlotte rejects the offer, partly because she looks down on the Emersons' unconventional behaviour, and partially fears it would place them under an \"unseemly obligation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions/references to other works",
"text": "Like A Room with a View, The Bride of Lammermoor is centred on a talented but restrained young woman encouraged into an engagement not of her choosing."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Appendix",
"text": "George rose to the rank of corporal but was taken prisoner by the Italians in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Italy and England, the story is both a romance and a humorous critique of English society at the beginning of the 20th century."
}
] |
A Room with a View is a satirical take on Italian romance.
| 3 | 4 |
A Room with a View
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest ended his reign."
}
] |
Ze0JVQPyx6TAyiXfaetA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pre-conquest",
"text": "Atahualpa defeated Huáscar's armies, sent because the Inca thought his brother could overthrow him, and in the process conquered and ruled the Inca Empire as Sapa Inca."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest ended his reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "Atahualpa was succeeded by his brother Túpac Huallpa, and later by another brother, Manco Inca."
},
{
"section_header": "Spanish conquest",
"text": "These were led by Francisco Pizarro's brother, Hernando Pizarro."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "By 1529, the relationship between both brothers was quite deteriorated."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "The Battle of Quipaipan was the final one between the warring brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "He attacked the Cañari of Tumebamba, defeating its defenses and leveling the city and the surrounding lands."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "the Huascarites attacked the armies of general Atoc and defeated Atahualpa in the battle of Chillopampa."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-conquest",
"text": "After Huayna Capac died in 1525, Atahualpa was appointed governor of Quito by his brother Huáscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne."
}
] |
Atahualpa defeated his brother.
| 3 | 6 |
Atahualpa
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones, and wood."
}
] |
ZfgU4O8eoM4LJOwaAex6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones, and wood."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Stone can hold under its own weight better than brick, but is more difficult to use."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "During the Ming, however, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall, as were materials such as tiles, lime, and stone."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "Unlike the earlier fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate due to the use of bricks and stone instead of rammed earth."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "Before this time, the Manchus had crossed the Great Wall multiple times to raid, but this time it was for conquest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the walls built by the Ming dynasty measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "The North African traveler Ibn Battuta, who also visited China during the Yuan dynasty c. 1346, had heard about China's Great Wall, possibly before he had arrived in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "Made of stone and bricks from the hills, this portion of the Great Wall is 7.8 m (25 ft 7 in) high and 5 m (16 ft 5 in) wide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early walls",
"text": "Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Additionally, bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth."
}
] |
Before the common use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from steel.
| 3 | 7 |
Great Wall of China
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Reformer",
"text": "By late 1829–1830, \"Garrison rejected colonization, publicly apologized for his error, and then, as was typical of him, he censured all who were committed to it.\" He stated this opinion was shaped by fellow abolitionist William J. Watkins, a Black educator and anti-colonizationist."
}
] |
ZfhcGbtSlbITpJsRUVNt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Against \"colonization\"",
"text": "When Liberia declared its independence in 1847, no country recognized it at first."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Against \"colonization\"",
"text": "The American Colonization Society eventually succeeded in creating the \"colony\", then country, of Liberia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Against \"colonization\"",
"text": "Slaves set free in the District of Columbia in 1862 were offered $100 if they would emigrate to Haiti or Liberia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Against \"colonization\"",
"text": "The legal status of Liberia before its independence was never clarified; it was not a colony in the sense that Rhode Island or Pennsylvania had been colonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was with this fire that he started his conflagration. ... So also, a prejudice against all fixed forms of worship, against the authority of human government, against every binding of the spirit into conformity with human law, — all these things grew up in Garrison's mind out of his Bible reading."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Not Andrew Jackson, nor John Quincy Adams, nor Webster, nor Clay, nor Benton, nor Calhoun, who dance like shadows about his machine, but William Lloyd Garrison becomes the central figure in American life. ... He vitalized and permanently changed this nation"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Reformer",
"text": "For a brief time, he became associated with the American Colonization Society, an organization that promoted the \"resettlement\" of free blacks to a territory (now known as Liberia) on the west coast of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Genius of Universal Emancipation",
"text": "With his experience as a printer and newspaper editor, Garrison changed the layout of the paper and handled other production issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "\"Garrison's namesake son, William Lloyd Garrison, Jr. (1838–1909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Garrison and Knapp, printers and publishers",
"text": "See List of publications of William Garrison and Isaac Knapp."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Reformer",
"text": "By late 1829–1830, \"Garrison rejected colonization, publicly apologized for his error, and then, as was typical of him, he censured all who were committed to it.\" He stated this opinion was shaped by fellow abolitionist William J. Watkins, a Black educator and anti-colonizationist."
}
] |
William Garrison was first against the idea of colonizing Liberia, but later changed his mind and was pro-colonization.
| 1 | 4 |
William Lloyd Garrison
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "Before working in the porn industry, she worked at a German bakery, a Jiffy Lube, and later a tax and retirement firm."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karenjit Kaur Vohra (born May 13, 1981), known by her stage name Sunny Leone (), is a model and an actress in the Indian film industry and a former pornographic actress."
}
] |
ZfhskSNz3QF7bW99mFnW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "With her new venture Leone announced her plans to write, direct and create her own brand of adult movies with Vivid Entertainment as her distributor."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "She also released a public service announcement on behalf of the ASACP, reminding adult webmasters to protect their sites from children by having an RTA label on it."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "When picking a name for her adult career, she has said that Sunny is her real name and Leone was picked by Bob Guccione, former owner of Penthouse magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "No longer exclusive to Vivid, Leone began working with other studios and performers since 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Mainstream appearances prior to 2011",
"text": "In 2005, she was mentioned in Forbes magazine for a story on Vivid Entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "That same year, Leone signed a three-year contract with Vivid Entertainment with which she transitioned into the world of hardcore pornography, stating that she would only do lesbian scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "Before working in the porn industry, she worked at a German bakery, a Jiffy Lube, and later a tax and retirement firm."
},
{
"section_header": "Writer",
"text": "Sweet Dreams is a collection of 12 short stories written by Sunny Leone."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "In 2013, she announced her retirement from the adult industry stating"
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "The Tech magazine, Exhibit has chosen Sunny Leone for their cover girl of October 2016 issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karenjit Kaur Vohra (born May 13, 1981), known by her stage name Sunny Leone (), is a model and an actress in the Indian film industry and a former pornographic actress."
}
] |
Sunny Leone was an adult entertainer and worked at an automotive service shop.
| 0 | 0 |
Sunny Leone
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First published in January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "\"The Raven\" follows an unnamed narrator on a dreary night in December who sits reading \"forgotten lore\" by a dying fire as a way to forget the death of his beloved Lenore."
}
] |
Zfm5n0DQ9SEaTwPvcBCz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "An early draft may have featured an owl."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Illustrators",
"text": "Later publications of \"The Raven\" included artwork by well-known illustrators."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The painter Paul Gauguin painted a nude portrait of his teenage wife in Tahiti in 1897 entitled Nevermore, featuring a raven perched within the room."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In addition to the title poem, it included \"The Valley of Unrest\", \"Bridal Ballad\", \"The City in the Sea\", \"Eulalie\", \"The Conqueror Worm\", \"The Haunted Palace\" and eleven others."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The narrator is surprised that the raven can talk, though at this point it has said nothing further."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The narrator becomes angry, calling the raven a \"thing of evil\" and a \"prophet\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Allusions",
"text": "This devil image is emphasized by the narrator's belief that the raven is \"from the Night's Plutonian shore\", or a messenger from the afterlife, referring to Pluto, the Roman god of the underworld (also known as Dis Pater in Roman mythology)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Even so, the narrator pulls his chair directly in front of the raven, determined to learn more about it."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "it does not move. Presumably at the time of the poem's recitation by the narrator, the raven \"still is sitting\" on the bust of Pallas."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Poe leaves it unclear if the raven actually knows what it is saying or if it really intends to cause a reaction in the poem's narrator."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First published in January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "\"The Raven\" follows an unnamed narrator on a dreary night in December who sits reading \"forgotten lore\" by a dying fire as a way to forget the death of his beloved Lenore."
}
] |
The Raven is known for its' narration style among other unique features.
| 0 | 0 |
The Raven
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They kiss, Louise steps on the gas, and they accelerate over the cliff as Hal desperately pursues them on foot."
}
] |
ZfoVuBbgPbvdXK9NxlFz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip which ends up in unforeseen circumstances."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise is distraught, so a guilty Thelma takes charge and later robs a nearby convenience store using tactics"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": ", Ridley Scott's Thelma & Louise is a potent, well-acted road movie that transcends the feminist message at its core."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography for Thelma & Louise began in June 1990 and lasted 12 weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise responds angrily and tells Thelma to never bring it up again."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The two took extensive driving and shooting lessons in preparation for their roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Best friends Thelma Dickinson (Geena Davis) and Louise Sawyer (Susan Sarandon) set out for a weekend vacation at a fishing cabin in the mountains to take a break from their dreary lives in Arkansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise finds them and threatens to shoot Harlan."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "While back on the road, Thelma reflects on what Harlan had done with her and tries to ask Louise if what happened with her also happened to Louise in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thelma wants to go to the police, but Louise fears that no one will believe Thelma's claim of attempted rape since Thelma was drinking and dancing with Harlan, and they will be subsequently charged with murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They kiss, Louise steps on the gas, and they accelerate over the cliff as Hal desperately pursues them on foot."
}
] |
Thelma & Louise is a 1990s movie about two women who take a road trip and end up dying in a shoot out with the police after they rob a bank so that they can continue their adventures.
| 3 | 4 |
Thelma & Louise
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem celebrates a goddess Dulness and the progress of her chosen agents as they bring decay, imbecility, and tastelessness to the Kingdom of Great Britain."
}
] |
ZfuRLH53jOvjmfGRDOOg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The four-book Dunciad B of 1743 | The argument of the four-book Dunciad | Book IV",
"text": "This is opera, who wears patchwork clothing (for operas being made up of the patchwork of extant plays and being itself a mixed form of singing and acting)."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book III",
"text": "Henley had set himself up as a professional lecturer."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book II",
"text": "In this contest, John Dennis climbs up as high as a post and dives in, disappearing forever."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book I",
"text": "He decides to give up poetry and become an entirely hired pen for Nathaniel Mist and his Mist's Journal."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | Overview of the three-book Dunciad",
"text": "The plot of the poem is simple."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book II",
"text": "In this, Dulness offers up the prize of a \"catcall\" and a drum that can drown out the braying of asses to the one who can make the most senseless noise and impress the king of monkeys."
},
{
"section_header": "The four-book Dunciad B of 1743 | The argument of the four-book Dunciad | Book IV",
"text": "It is also \"greater\" in that its subject is larger."
},
{
"section_header": "The four-book Dunciad B of 1743 | Colley Cibber: King of Dunces",
"text": "Aristarchus's \"hyper-criticism\" establishes a science for the mock heroic and follows up some of the ideas set forth by Pope in Peri Bathous in the Miscellanies, Volume the Third (1727)."
},
{
"section_header": "The four-book Dunciad B of 1743 | The argument of the four-book Dunciad | B Book II",
"text": "There Webster! There Webster! peal'd thy voice, and Whitfield!"
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book III",
"text": "On Sundays, he would discuss theology, and on Wednesdays any other subject, and those who went to hear him would pay a shilling each (\"Oh great Restorer of the good old Stage,/ Preacher at once, and Zany of thy Age!\" III 201–202), while learned bishops and skilled preachers spoke to empty congregations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem celebrates a goddess Dulness and the progress of her chosen agents as they bring decay, imbecility, and tastelessness to the Kingdom of Great Britain."
}
] |
This is a location made up in a poem. The poem is about a God trying to reign peace and prosperity to his subjects but messes up continually.
| 1 | 3 |
The Dunciad
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In 1994, the film won three Academy Awards: Best Actress (Holly Hunter), Best Supporting Actress (Anna Paquin) and Best Original Screenplay (Jane Campion)."
}
] |
Zg4Zb1H1BVhA4mWcITOP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Piano is a 1993 period drama film written and directed by Jane Campion and starring Holly Hunter, Harvey Keitel, Sam Neill, and Anna Paquin in her first acting role."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The casting for Flora occurred after Hunter had been selected for the part."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, the film won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, making Jane Campion the first and only female director to ever receive this award."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Isabelle Huppert met with Jane Campion and had vintage period-style photographs taken of her as Ada, and later said she regretted not fighting for the role as Hunter did."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Alistair Fox has argued that The Piano was significantly influenced by Jane Mander's The Story of a New Zealand River."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In 1994, the film won three Academy Awards: Best Actress (Holly Hunter), Best Supporting Actress (Anna Paquin) and Best Original Screenplay (Jane Campion)."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "This album is rated in the top 100 soundtrack albums of all time and Nyman's work is regarded as a key voice in the film, which has a mute lead character."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In July 2013, Campion revealed that she originally intended for the main character to drown in the sea after going overboard after her piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in the mid-19th century, the film focuses on a psychologically mute Scottish woman who travels to a remote part of New Zealand with her young daughter after her arranged marriage to a frontiersman."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Jennifer Jason Leigh was also considered, but she could not meet with Campion to read the script because she was committed to shooting the film Rush (1991)."
}
] |
The Piano features Jane Campion in her 1st leading part in a comedy.
| 2 | 3 |
The Piano
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Before serving as president, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the 3rd U.S. Secretary of Commerce."
}
] |
Zg5IjgH4wM929tiVErYb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American engineer, businessman, and politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of Commerce | Radio and travel",
"text": "Between 1923 and 1929, the number of families with radios grew from 300,000 to 10 million, and Hoover's tenure as Secretary of Commerce heavily influenced radio use in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of Commerce",
"text": "Hoover would serve as Secretary of Commerce from 1921 to 1929, serving under Harding and, after Harding's death in 1923, President Calvin Coolidge."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I and aftermath | Post-war relief",
"text": "During the post-war period, Hoover also served as the president of the Federated American Engineering Societies."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Prohibition",
"text": "On taking office, Hoover urged Americans to obey the Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act, which had established Prohibition across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Before serving as president, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the 3rd U.S. Secretary of Commerce."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Prohibition",
"text": "While serving as Secretary of Commerce he would often stop at the Belgian embassy for cocktails."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of Commerce",
"text": "After his election as president in 1920, Harding rewarded Hoover for his support, offering to appoint him as either Secretary of the Interior or Secretary of Commerce."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Roosevelt administration | World War II",
"text": "It is a tragedy. \" Much to his own frustration, Hoover was not called upon to serve after the United States entered World War II due to his differences with Roosevelt and his continuing unpopularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of Commerce | Hoover's image building",
"text": "The American State Department wanted no such crisis and compromised the issue in 1926."
}
] |
Herbert Hoover was an American engineer, businessman, and politician who served as the 31st president of the United States, and as the 2nd U.S. Secretary of Commerce..
| 0 | 0 |
Herbert Hoover
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her film debut was in Tales from the Darkside: The Movie (1990), and she continued to play small roles for the next four years, including in the thriller The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992)."
}
] |
ZgSxoyqQN0Sg8PVjmF7N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The End of the Affair (1999), Far from Heaven (2002) and The Hours (2002)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Her recognized roles came in As the World Turns, Boogie Nights, An Ideal Husband, The End of the Affair, Magnolia, Far From Heaven, The Hours, A Single Man"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Worldwide recognition (1997–2002)",
"text": "She was also nominated in the Drama category that year for her work in The End of the Affair (1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julianne Moore (born Julie Anne Smith; December 3, 1960) is an American actress and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Worldwide recognition (1997–2002)",
"text": "Far from Heaven, in which she played a 1950s housewife whose world is shaken when her husband reveals he is gay."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Worldwide recognition (1997–2002)",
"text": "She again played a troubled 1950s housewife, prompting Kenneth Turan to write that she was \"essentially reprising her Far from Heaven role\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "Moore, Julianne (2007). Freckleface Strawberry."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Awards success and film series (2014–2017)",
"text": "Peter Debruge described the film as \"outlandish\", and wrote that Moore had played her part \"as Martha Stewart crossed with a demonic 1950s housewife\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Established actress (2003–2009)",
"text": "Moore made her Broadway debut in the world premiere of David Hare's play The Vertical Hour."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1599901077. Moore, Julianne (2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her film debut was in Tales from the Darkside: The Movie (1990), and she continued to play small roles for the next four years, including in the thriller The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992)."
}
] |
Author Julianne moore wrote The End of the Affair and her film debut was in Far From Heaven.
| 0 | 0 |
Julianne Moore
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Film serials",
"text": "Dick Tracy made his film debut in Dick Tracy (1937), a 15-chapter movie serial by Republic Pictures starring Ralph Byrd."
},
{
"section_header": "Comic strip | Creation and early years",
"text": "Gould agreed to these ideas, and Dick Tracy was first published on October 4, 1931."
}
] |
ZgcniI9JT0ObZpsY7CBo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television | First live-action series",
"text": "Criticized for its violence, the series remained popular."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Comic books",
"text": "Tracy made his first comic book appearance in 1936 as one of the features included in the first issue of Dell's Popular Comics."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Comic books",
"text": "In January 1948, Dell began the first regular Dick Tracy comic book series, Dick Tracy Monthly."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television | First live-action series",
"text": "Ralph Byrd, who had played the square-jawed sleuth in all four Republic movie serials, and in two of the RKO feature-length films, reprised his role in a short-lived live-action Dick Tracy series that ran on ABC from 1950 to 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Comic strip | Later years",
"text": "\"Flattop\", particularly, had a number of relatives, all with his characteristic head structure and facial attributes, who turned up one by one to avenge their ancestor on Tracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Comic strip | Later years",
"text": "Their first Dick Tracy strip was published March 14, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Comic books",
"text": "In 1947, for example, Sig Feuchtwanger produced a comic book that was a giveaway prize in boxes of Quaker Puffed Wheat cereal, sponsor of the popular Dick Tracy radio series."
},
{
"section_header": "Comic strip | Creation and early years",
"text": "The strip's popularity also resulted in the creation of numerous Dick Tracy merchandise, including novelizations, toys, and games."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Comic books",
"text": "As with most previous Tracy comic book incarnations, these were, with the exception of the last few Dell issues which featured original material, slightly abridged and reconfigured reprints of the newspaper strips."
},
{
"section_header": "Comic strip | Creation and early years",
"text": "Gould agreed to these ideas, and Dick Tracy was first published on October 4, 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Film | Film serials",
"text": "Dick Tracy made his film debut in Dick Tracy (1937), a 15-chapter movie serial by Republic Pictures starring Ralph Byrd."
}
] |
The Dick Tracy comic series was first turned into a movie in 1932 after the comic gained popularity the previous year.
| 0 | 0 |
Dick Tracy
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family roots",
"text": "Louis David Brandeis (later: Louis Dembitz Brandeis — see below) was born on November 13, 1856, in Louisville, Kentucky, the youngest of four children."
}
] |
Zgk0tKBwdWZJ9DR4wuyY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Zionism",
"text": "Relatively late in life the secular Brandeis also became a prominent figure in the Zionist movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family roots",
"text": "Louis David Brandeis (later: Louis Dembitz Brandeis — see below) was born on November 13, 1856, in Louisville, Kentucky, the youngest of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "The University of Louisville's Louis D. Brandeis School of Law."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "The law school's Louis D. Brandeis Society awards the Brandeis Medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Public advocate | Against monopolies",
"text": "Don't you suppose that these three fellows would agree on prices and methods unofficially?"
},
{
"section_header": "Becoming \"people's lawyer\" | Brandeis Brief",
"text": "In 1907, he pioneered a new type of legal document, the \"Brandeis Brief.\" It included three pages of traditional legal citations and over 100 innovative pages of citations to articles, government reports, and other references."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career in law | Privacy law",
"text": "Between 1888 and 1890, Brandeis and his law partner, Samuel Warren, wrote three scholarly articles published in the Harvard Law Review."
},
{
"section_header": "Nominated to the Supreme Court",
"text": "Forty-four Democratic Senators and three Republicans (Robert La Follette, George Norris, and Miles Poindexter) voted in favor of confirming Brandeis."
},
{
"section_header": "New Deal cases",
"text": "Along with Benjamin Cardozo and Harlan F. Stone, Brandeis was considered to be in the liberal wing of the court—the so-called Three Musketeers who stood against the conservative Four Horsemen."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "Louis D. Brandeis High School, in San Antonio, Texas, where the Northside Independent School District names all of its comprehensive high schools for Supreme Court Justices Louis D. Brandeis Law Society, in Philadelphia, a \"Jewish law society ... dedicated to advancing and enriching the personal and professional interests of [its] members of the Bench and Bar.\" Louis D. Brandeis AZA #932, a B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Chapter in Dallas."
}
] |
Louis Brandeis had three relatives.
| 0 | 0 |
Louis Brandeis
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered that Tennyson wrote it in elegy; the narrator uses an extended metaphor to compare death with crossing the \"sandbar\" between river of life, with its outgoing \"flood\", and the ocean that lies beyond [death], the \"boundless deep\", to which we return."
}
] |
ZgmECwvTZYKdTujh1J7p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Crossing the Bar\" is an 1889 poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Scholars have noted that the form of the poem follows the content: the wavelike quality of the long-then-short lines parallels the narrative thread of the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The poem contains four stanzas that generally alternate between long and short lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Shortly before he died, Tennyson told his son Hallam to \"put 'Crossing the Bar' at the end of all editions of my poems\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Tennyson is believed to have written the poem (after suffering a serious illness) while on the sea, crossing the Solent from Aldworth to Farringford on the Isle of Wight."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Opening International Gala Concert on Thursday 30 April 2015.A folk music inspired setting for the poem with a refrain was created by Rani Arbo, an American bluegrass musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In August 2018, the writer V. S. Naipaul died after reading \"Crossing the Bar\" on his deathbed in London; his family and friends citing the poem as having always held a great resonance to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered that Tennyson wrote it in elegy; the narrator uses an extended metaphor to compare death with crossing the \"sandbar\" between river of life, with its outgoing \"flood\", and the ocean that lies beyond [death], the \"boundless deep\", to which we return."
}
] |
The 1889 poem "Crossing the Bar" is a poem about birth.
| 0 | 0 |
Crossing the Bar
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert also instituted the practice of the league hiring of umpires to bolster public perceptions of league integrity."
}
] |
ZjCWUjhwB1lqyEKTWf4N
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "A backer of the Chicago White Stockings baseball club of the National Association from its inception in 1871, Hulbert became an officer of the club in 1874 when it resumed play after being forced to sit out two seasons due to the Great Chicago Fire and assumed the presidency the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Ambrose Hulbert (October 23, 1832 – April 10, 1882) was one of the founders of the National League, recognized as baseball's first major league, and was also the president of the Chicago White Stockings franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "When he did not show up, Hulbert was elected the new president, retaining his presidency of the White Stockings as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert also instituted the practice of the league hiring of umpires to bolster public perceptions of league integrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Force, the shortstop of the White Stockings that year, was a notorious \"contract jumper\", a common occurrence in the National Association in which players would move from team to team each year selling themselves to the highest bidder."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert did not live to see this rival franchise begin play, however, dying of a heart attack in 1882 at the age of 49 two weeks before the AA made its debut."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "While it was understood from the league's inception that beer and Sunday baseball were inappropriate, they were not actually prohibited by league rules, and the Cincinnati club, playing in a city with a large German population fond of beer and Sunday entertainment, practiced both activities to boost revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "After enlisting the support of Western clubs including the Cincinnati Red Stockings, the St. Louis Brown Stockings, and the Louisville Grays, Hulbert held a meeting with the Eastern clubs of the Mutual of New York, the Athletic of Philadelphia, the Boston Red Stockings, and the Hartford Dark Blues on February 2, 1876, at the Grand Central Hotel in New York City and sold them on his vision for a new league founded on the principles of square dealings, recognition of contracts, and business integrity along with a more orderly game on the field through prohibitions on drinking, gambling, and Sunday baseball and more definite organization off it through limiting membership to cities of 75,000 inhabitants or more, giving clubs exclusive territorial rights, and mandating teams to complete a predetermined schedule."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert became convinced that the Eastern ballclubs were conspiring to keep the Western clubs second-class citizens and plotted to overthrow the might of the Boston Red Stockings, which won each association pennant between 1872 and 1875."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "native and star Boston pitcher Al Spalding to sign with Chicago for the 1876 season and also signed Boston stars Cal McVey, Deacon White, and Ross Barnes and Philadelphia stars Cap Anson and Ezra Sutton, though Sutton later backed out of his deal."
}
] |
William Hubert liked to hire gentlemen external to his relationship with his white stockings to carefully watch and discipline any party that betrayed the other's trust or cheated, and also so people paying to watch them play around would feel comfortable that everyone was being honest.
| 0 | 0 |
William Hulbert
|
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