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Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Before her acting career, she was a model and appeared twice on the cover of Vogue."
}
] |
dybUg7pWYQI9ysL4POi4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Career beginnings (1950s–1962)",
"text": "At anything. It was a turning point in my life."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Before her acting career, she was a model and appeared twice on the cover of Vogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "In preparation for her role, Fonda modelled the character on the starlet Gail Russell, who, at 36, was found dead in her apartment, among empty liquor bottles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Seymour Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an American actress, political activist, and former fashion model."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Resurgence and critical acclaim (1970–1979)",
"text": "Cast alongside Jack Lemmon and Michael Douglas, in one of his early roles, Fonda played a clever, ambitious television news reporter."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Rise to prominence (1963–1969)",
"text": "In contrast, the tragedy They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) won her critical acclaim and marked a significant turning point in her career; Variety magazine wrote, \" Fonda, as the unremittingly cynical loser, the tough and bruised babe of the Dust Bowl, gives a dramatic performance that gives the film a personal focus and an emotionally gripping power."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Continued box office success, exercise videos, retirement (1980–1990)",
"text": "This was considered one of the influences that started the fitness craze among baby boomers, then approaching middle age."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Resurgence and critical acclaim (1970–1979)",
"text": "But once again she proves herself to be one of our finest actresses, and she's at home in the 1870s, a creature of that period as much as of ours."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Career beginnings (1950s–1962)",
"text": "She averaged almost two movies a year throughout the decade, starting in 1960 with Tall Story, in which she recreated one of her Broadway roles as a college cheerleader pursuing a basketball star, played by Anthony Perkins."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": ", Fonda stated that up to the age of 62, she always felt she had to seek the validation of men in order to prove to herself that she had value as a person, something she attributes to the early death of her mother's leaving her without a female role model."
}
] |
Fonda was a model at one point in her career.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Fonda
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and family history",
"text": "Cleveland's father was a Congregational and Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut."
}
] |
dyihPbENRmI48dZg1tmH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career in New York | Mayor of Buffalo",
"text": "For this, and other actions safeguarding public funds, Cleveland's reputation as a leader willing to purge government corruption began to spread beyond Erie County."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and family history",
"text": "He became known as Grover in his adult life."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and family history",
"text": "Grover returned to Clinton and his schooling at the completion of the apprentice contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and memorials",
"text": "Grover Cleveland Middle School in his birthplace, Caldwell, New Jersey, was named for him, as is Grover Cleveland High School in Buffalo, New York, and the town of Cleveland, Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency (1885–1889) | Native American policy",
"text": "While a conference of Native leaders endorsed the act, in practice the majority of Native Americans disapproved of it."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career in New York | Mayor of Buffalo",
"text": "The party leaders approached Cleveland, and he agreed to run for Mayor of Buffalo, provided that the rest of the ticket was to his liking."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the upper-mid tier of American presidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and family history",
"text": "In 1841, the Cleveland family moved to Fayetteville, New York, where Grover spent much of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and family history",
"text": "Financial conditions forced him to remove Grover from school into a two-year mercantile apprenticeship in Fayetteville."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and memorials",
"text": "Grover Cleveland Hall at Buffalo State College in Buffalo, New York is named after Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and family history",
"text": "Cleveland's father was a Congregational and Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut."
}
] |
Grover Cleveland's dad was a religious leader.
| 0 | 0 |
Grover Cleveland
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name 'Paris' is derived from its early inhabitants, the Gallic Parisii tribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The meaning of the Gaulish name Parisii is debated."
}
] |
dyjhx6Oi8303mP33gHCf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "According to Xavier Delamarre, it may derive from the root pario- ('cauldron')."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The meaning of the Gaulish name Parisii is debated."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name 'Paris' is derived from its early inhabitants, the Gallic Parisii tribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Restaurants and cuisine",
"text": "Its name is said to have come in 1814 from the Russian soldiers who occupied the city; \"bistro\" means \"quickly\" in Russian, and they wanted their meals served rapidly so they could get back their encampment."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The city's name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Cemeteries",
"text": "With Paris's growth many of these, particularly the city's largest cemetery, the Holy Innocents' Cemetery, were filled to overflowing, creating quite unsanitary conditions for the capital."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known as Parisius, a Latin name that would later become Paris in French."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Paris and its suburbs",
"text": "These areas, quartiers sensibles (\"sensitive quarters\"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Urbanism and architecture",
"text": "The 210 metres (690 ft) Tour Montparnasse was both Paris's and France's tallest building until 1973, but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "After many modifications, the new area, named the Metropolis of Grand Paris, with a population of 6.7 million, was created on 1 January 2016."
}
] |
Paris' name is derived from Gaulish root pario, meaning cauldron.
| 3 | 6 |
Paris
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood",
"text": "Pyle's version firmly stamp Robin as a staunch philanthropist, a man who takes from the rich to give to the poor."
}
] |
dyjtdSv41mLhljDFl6M2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historicity | Early references",
"text": "Following this, John Major mentions Robin Hood within his Historia Majoris Britanniæ (1521), casting him in a positive light by mentioning his and his followers' aversion to bloodshed and ethos of only robbing the wealthy; Major also fixed his floruit not to the mid-13th century but the reigns of Richard I of England and his brother, King John."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood",
"text": "Pyle's version firmly stamp Robin as a staunch philanthropist, a man who takes from the rich to give to the poor."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Early ballads",
"text": "But from the beginning Robin Hood is on the side of the poor; the Gest quotes Robin Hood as instructing his men that when they rob: loke ye do no husbonde harme"
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Early ballads",
"text": "Yf he be a por man. As it happens the next traveller is not poor, but it seems in context that Robin Hood is stating a general policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity | Robin Hood of Wakefield",
"text": "Hunter pointed to two men whom, believing them to be the same person, he identified with the legendary outlaw: Robert Hood who is documented as having lived in the city of Wakefield at the start of the fourteenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Traditionally depicted dressed in Lincoln green, he is said to have robbed from the rich and given to the poor."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Early ballads",
"text": "The first explicit statement to the effect that Robin Hood habitually robbed from the rich to give the poor can be found in John Stow's Annales of England (1592), about a century after the publication of the Gest."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity | Robin Hood as an alias",
"text": "What appears to be the first known example of \"Robin Hood\" as a stock name for an outlaw dates to 1262 in Berkshire, where the surname \"Robehod\" was applied to a man apparently because he had been outlawed."
},
{
"section_header": "Ballads and tales | Rediscovery of the Medieval Robin Hood: Percy and Ritson",
"text": "Nevertheless, Dobson and Taylor credit Ritson with having 'an incalculable effect in promoting the still continuing quest for the man behind the myth', and note that his work remains an 'indispensable handbook to the outlaw legend even now'."
}
] |
Robin Hood is a legendary tale about a man who robs from the wealthy to bestow to the impoverished.
| 0 | 0 |
Robin Hood
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shots were exchanged and one US citizen, a watchkeeper, was killed."
}
] |
dykEzQHm18PZN2czI12p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began in 1837 when William Lyon Mackenzie and other Canadian rebels, with support from US citizens, fled to an island in the Niagara River, in the ship Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shots were exchanged and one US citizen, a watchkeeper, was killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caroline affair (also known as the Caroline case) was a diplomatic crisis beginning in 1837 involving the United States, Britain, and the Canadian independence movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "After these defeats, Mackenzie fled to Navy Island in the Niagara River, which they declared the Republic of Canada, on board the vessel SS Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "British forces set fire to the Caroline and set it adrift in the Niagara River, about two miles above Niagara Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "commanding a party of militia, acting on information and guidance from Alexander McLeod that the vessel belonged to Mackenzie, crossed the international boundary and seized the Caroline, chased off the crew, towed her into the current, set her afire, and cast her adrift over Niagara Falls, after killing one black American named Amos Durfee in the process."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Shortly after the incident, a Canadian sheriff named Alexander McLeod claimed that he had helped attack the Caroline during the Caroline affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For example, Tom Nichols (2008) has stated: Thus the destruction of an insignificant ship in what one scholar has called a \"comic opera affair\" in the early 19th century nonetheless led to the establishment of a principle of international life that would govern, at least in theory, the use of force for over 250 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "On May 29, 1838, 13 raiders, mostly Canadian and American refugees from the 1837 rebellion, led by American William \"Pirate Bill\" Johnston, retaliated by capturing, looting, and burning the British steamer Sir Robert Peel while she was in U.S. waters."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "Later that year, Irish-Canadian rebel Benjamin Lett murdered a loyalist, Captain Edgeworth Ussher, who had been involved in the Caroline affair."
}
] |
The Caroline affair began with the burning of a ship called Caroline, on an island in the Niagara River by Britain which included American and Canadian citizens being shot and killed.
| 0 | 0 |
Caroline affair
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1887–1904",
"text": "In the context of colonial Jamaican society, which had a colourist social hierarchy, Garvey was considered at the lowest end, being a black child who believed he was of full African ancestry; later genetic research nevertheless revealed that he had some Iberian ancestors."
}
] |
dyuAwfka3faLP7Gc5iVV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | Imprisonment: 1925–1927",
"text": "He also wrote The Meditations of Marcus Garvey, its name an allusion to The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana, wrote in his autobiography that of all the literature he had studied, the book that did more than any other to inspire him was the \"Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey, or Africa for the Africans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology | Pan-Africanism",
"text": "However, Garvey did not believe that all African-Americans should migrate to Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "In 1975 the reggae artist Burning Spear released the album Marcus Garvey."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Memorials",
"text": "In 2012 the Jamaican government declared August 17 as Marcus Garvey Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology | Pan-Africanism",
"text": "Garvey never visited Africa himself, and did not speak any African languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology | Pan-Africanism",
"text": "In the wake of the First World War, Garvey called for the formation of \"a United Africa for the Africans of the World\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1887–1904",
"text": "Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born on 17 August 1887 in Saint Ann's Bay, a town in the Colony of Jamaica."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Marcus Garvey appears in Jason Overstreet's The Strivers' Row Spy, a historical fiction novel about of the Harlem Renaissance."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology | Pan-Africanism",
"text": "Moses thought that Garvey \"had more affinity for the pomp and tinsel of European imperialism than he did for black African tribal life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1887–1904",
"text": "In the context of colonial Jamaican society, which had a colourist social hierarchy, Garvey was considered at the lowest end, being a black child who believed he was of full African ancestry; later genetic research nevertheless revealed that he had some Iberian ancestors."
}
] |
Marcus Garvey had 100% African roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Marcus Garvey
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taking place in the titular city where anthropomorphic mammals coexist, it tells a story of an unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist, as they uncover a criminal conspiracy involving the disappearance of predators."
}
] |
dyyKNiACZlZG34irP2k2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Re-release",
"text": "On June 22, 2020, amid the reopening of movie theaters due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, Disney announced that Zootopia, along with 11 other Disney owned movies were to return to US theaters during a 4-week period."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "In India, the satellite rights were sold to Star Movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times considered the movie \"funny, smart, [and] thought-provoking\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote that Zootopia \"may be the most subversive movie of\" 2016, giving the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and praising its timely message about the harm of prejudice in the face of the prevailing xenophobic political rhetoric at the time of the film's release, and the film's humor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries",
"text": "In mid-March, the combined total of Kung Fu Panda 3 and Zootopia alone broke 2014's record of $286 million in box office grosses for American animated features in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Nick graduates from the Zootopia Police Academy as the city's first fox police officer and becomes Judy's partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In a world of anthropomorphic mammals, rabbit Judy Hopps from rural Bunnyburrow fulfills her childhood dream of becoming a police officer in urban Zootopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Zootopia grossed $341.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $682.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.024 billion, against a budget of $150 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries",
"text": "Zootopia received a scattered release as Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures took advantage of school holidays in various markets."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Nico Lang of Consequence of Sound felt that Disney delivered a kids' version of Crash, yet others criticized the use of prey and predator species in the \"allegory\" while critics at The Root stated positively that the movie acknowledges culpability of systemic racism and white supremacy behind the controversial War on Drugs)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taking place in the titular city where anthropomorphic mammals coexist, it tells a story of an unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist, as they uncover a criminal conspiracy involving the disappearance of predators."
}
] |
Zootopia is about a movie of a bunny that is a law enforcement officer.
| 3 | 4 |
Zootopia
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1908–1929: Childhood and early acting career",
"text": "Ruth Elizabeth Davis, known from early childhood as \"Betty\", was born on April 5, 1908 in Lowell, Massachusetts, the daughter of Harlow Morrell Davis (1885–1938), a law student from Augusta, Maine, and subsequently a patent attorney, and Ruth Augusta (née Favór; 1885–1961), from Tyngsboro, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1908–1929: Childhood and early acting career",
"text": "Davis later changed the spelling of her first name to Bette after Bette Fischer, a character in Honoré de Balzac's La Cousine Bette."
}
] |
dzJvbChGFFfUXp26mhLn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1949–1960: Starting a freelance career",
"text": "The film's director Joseph L. Mankiewicz later remarked: \"Bette was letter perfect."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Joan Crawford, The Last Word."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "Individual performances continued to receive praise; in 1987, Bill Collins analyzed The Letter (1940), and described her performance as \"a brilliant, subtle achievement\", and wrote: \"Bette Davis makes Leslie Crosbie one of the most extraordinary females in movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1949–1960: Starting a freelance career",
"text": "Davis and Merrill lived with their three children – in 1952, they adopted a baby boy, Michael (born February 5, 1952) – on an estate on the coast of Cape Elizabeth, Maine."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1983–1989: Illness, awards, and final works",
"text": "Her last performance was the title role in Larry Cohen's Wicked Stepmother (1989)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The others were for Dark Victory (1939), The Letter (1940), The Little Foxes (1941) and"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1937–1941: Success with Warner Bros.",
"text": "The last was her first color film, and her only color film made during the height of her career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1908–1929: Childhood and early acting career",
"text": "Davis later changed the spelling of her first name to Bette after Bette Fischer, a character in Honoré de Balzac's La Cousine Bette."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her last Oscar nomination was for What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), also starring her rival Joan Crawford."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1971–1983: Later career",
"text": "The televised event included comments from several of Davis' colleagues, including William Wyler, who joked that given the chance, Davis would still like to re-film a scene from The Letter to which Davis nodded."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1908–1929: Childhood and early acting career",
"text": "Ruth Elizabeth Davis, known from early childhood as \"Betty\", was born on April 5, 1908 in Lowell, Massachusetts, the daughter of Harlow Morrell Davis (1885–1938), a law student from Augusta, Maine, and subsequently a patent attorney, and Ruth Augusta (née Favór; 1885–1961), from Tyngsboro, Massachusetts."
}
] |
Bette Davis altered the last letter of her nickname from "y" to "e" because of a boy she liked.
| 3 | 5 |
Bette Davis
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story takes place in an imagined future, the year 1984, when much of the world has fallen victim to perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, historical negationism, and propaganda."
}
] |
dzcCPcbSGGx6vvWZ2A9Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story takes place in an imagined future, the year 1984, when much of the world has fallen victim to perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, historical negationism, and propaganda."
},
{
"section_header": "World in novel | Political geography",
"text": "Fighting also takes place between Eurasia and Eastasia in Manchuria, Mongolia and Central Asia, and all three powers battle one another over various Atlantic and Pacific islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "The story concludes with an appendix describing the success of the project."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Surveillance",
"text": "Similar telescreens are found at workstations and in public places, along with hidden microphones."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "Borges' story addresses similar themes of epistemology, language and history to 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters",
"text": "For much of the story Winston lives in vague hope that Katharine may die or could be \"got rid of\" so that he may marry Julia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was placed on the Modern Library's 100 Best Novels, reaching No. 13 on the editors' list and No. 6 on the readers' list."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Winston is released, takes up a sinecure and frequents the Chestnut Tree Café."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters",
"text": "Ampleforth is a dreamer and intellectual who takes pleasure in his work, and respects poetry and language, traits which cause him disfavour with the Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "O'Brien takes Winston to Room 101 for the final stage of re-education, which contains each prisoner's worst fear."
}
] |
The story takes place in 1990.
| 0 | 3 |
Nineteen Eighty-Four
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
}
] |
e0VqXyDa06FqsKQXeZyQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Writing a new will, he leaves Howards End to Margaret, as his first wife Ruth had wished."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is considered by many to be Forster's masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As soon as they encounter Helen at Howards End, they see the truth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Howards End is Ruth's most prized possession; she feels a strong connection to it."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fully supported by them, she decides to bring up her son at Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Helen, the younger Schlegel daughter, then visits the Wilcoxes at their country house, Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Leonard arrives at Howards End, still tormented by the affair and wishing to speak to Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "On Beauty, a novel by Zadie Smith, is based on Howards End and was written as a homage to Forster."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "But the only real opposition comes from Charles and his wife Dolly; as they fear that Margaret endangers their inheritance of Howards End."
}
] |
Howards End was first released in 1930.
| 0 | 0 |
Howards End
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was captain of the fencing team."
}
] |
e0YZz1SVXnt8ZBEeQqcw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Depictions in media | Other depictions",
"text": "Andy Samberg played Zuckerberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Software developer | Early years",
"text": "A New Yorker profile said of Zuckerberg: \"some kids played computer games."
},
{
"section_header": "Software developer | Early years",
"text": "Mark created them. \" Zuckerberg himself recalls this period: \"I had a bunch of friends who were artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative",
"text": "On September 22, 2010, it was reported that Zuckerberg had donated $100 million to Newark Public Schools, the public school system of Newark, New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "On July 21, 2010, Zuckerberg reported that the company reached the 500 million-user mark."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "\" Mark was clearly on to great things,\" said Laine, who was Facebook's fourteenth user."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (; born May 14, 1984) is an American media magnate, internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist."
},
{
"section_header": "Software developer | Early years",
"text": "Zuckerberg began using computers and writing software in middle school."
},
{
"section_header": "Software developer | Early years",
"text": "Zuckerberg took a graduate course in the subject at Mercy College near his home while still in high school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "An earlier inspiration for Facebook may have come from Phillips Exeter Academy, the prep school from which Zuckerberg graduated in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was captain of the fencing team."
}
] |
Mark Zuckerberg, played soccer when he was in school.
| 0 | 0 |
Mark Zuckerberg
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea."
}
] |
e1NsY3No5ueIj6gxrjbI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "Condensed water in the air may also refract sunlight to produce rainbows."
},
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "precipitation, from water vapor condensing from the air and falling to the earth or ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "Dew is small drops of water that are condensed when a high density of water vapor meets a cool surface."
},
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "The water cycle (known scientifically as the hydrologic cycle) refers to the continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere, between the atmosphere, soil water, surface water, groundwater, and plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea."
},
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "Water moves perpetually through each of these regions in the water cycle consisting of the following transfer processes: evaporation from oceans and other water bodies into the air and transpiration from land plants and animals into the air."
},
{
"section_header": "Effects on human civilization | Human uses | Heat exchange",
"text": "It's especially effective to transport heat through vaporization and condensation of water because of its large latent heat of vaporization."
},
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "Some water is diverted to irrigation for agriculture."
},
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "Water runoff often collects over watersheds flowing into rivers."
},
{
"section_header": "On Earth | Water cycle",
"text": "Most water vapor over the oceans returns to the oceans, but winds carry water vapor over land at the same rate as runoff into the sea, about 47 Tt per year."
}
] |
Condensation is a stage of the water cycle.
| 2 | 4 |
Water
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "While Herzog helped Phoenix out of the wreckage by breaking the back window of the car, bystanders called an ambulance."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Phoenix realized that the man was German filmmaker Werner Herzog."
}
] |
e1SRmY0FhiQerUn3CcvG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Joaquin and River hold the distinction of being the only brothers nominated for acting Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "I don't remember going to church, maybe a couple of times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "For the first three weeks of shooting, I'm just sweating."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Phoenix began calling himself \"Leaf\" around this time, having been inspired by spending time outdoors raking leaves and desiring to have a nature-related name like his siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1995–1999: Return to acting",
"text": "New York Times critic Janet Maslin praised Phoenix's performance, writing \"So pity poor Jimmy."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Both Joaquin Phoenix and Heath Ledger won an Academy Award for their roles as the Joker, becoming the second pair of actors to win Academy Awards for playing the same character - the other pair being Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro, who won Best Actor and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor respectively, for their portrayals of Vito Corleone."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Arlyn moved to California, meeting Phoenix's father while hitchhiking."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "They eventually became disenchanted with the cult and decided to leave the group, returning to the U.S. in 1977 when Phoenix was three years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2006–2010: Producing and self-imposed break",
"text": "In it, Phoenix played a father obsessed with finding out who killed his son in a hit-and-run accident."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "This became the name he used as a child actor, until he changed it back to Joaquin at age 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "While Herzog helped Phoenix out of the wreckage by breaking the back window of the car, bystanders called an ambulance."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Phoenix realized that the man was German filmmaker Werner Herzog."
}
] |
Joaquin Phoenix's life was saved after an auto accident by three time Tony award winner Hinton Battle.
| 0 | 0 |
Joaquin Phoenix
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the first edition was published in 1855, Whitman spent most of his professional life writing and re-writing Leaves of Grass, revising it multiple times until his death."
}
] |
e1nJXX0TVEXXjTkMK6Ss
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leaves of Grass was highly controversial during its time for its explicit sexual imagery, and Whitman was subject to derision by many contemporary critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | \"Deathbed edition\"",
"text": "By the time this last edition was completed, Leaves of Grass had grown from a small book of 12 poems to a hefty tome of almost 400 poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "living centuries apart. Originally written at a time of significant urbanization in America, Leaves of Grass responds to the impact urbanization has on the masses."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Whitman edited, revised, and republished Leaves of Grass many times before his death, and over the years his focus and ideas were not static."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the first edition was published in 1855, Whitman spent most of his professional life writing and re-writing Leaves of Grass, revising it multiple times until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | Republications",
"text": "The eighth edition of 1889 was little changed from the 1881 version, although it was more embellished and featured several portraits of Whitman."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and controversy",
"text": "Whitman rejected the censorship, writing to Osgood, \"The list whole & several is rejected by me, & will not be thought of under any circumstances."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "I and You (2013). Roger Zelazny's time-travel novel Roadmarks features a cybernetically enhanced edition of Leaves of Grass, one of two such in the story, that acts as a side character giving the protagonist advice and quoting the original."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | Initial publication",
"text": "The title Leaves of Grass was a pun."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Leaves of Grass's status as one of the most important collections of American poetry has meant that over time various groups and movements have used it, and Whitman's work in general, to further their own political and social purposes."
}
] |
Leaves of Grass has been rewritten several times.
| 1 | 4 |
Leaves of Grass
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal had its initial public offering in 2002."
}
] |
e25d9QKr8d0EhH1cWA1v
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Services | Global reach",
"text": "And third, we started to build PayPal's business off eBay.\" PayPal can be used in more than 200 countries/regions."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Business model evolution | Phase 2",
"text": "Instead of relying on interests earned from deposited funds, PayPal started relying on earnings from service charges."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Business model evolution | Phase 3",
"text": "After fine-tuning PayPal's business model and increasing its domestic and international penetration on eBay, PayPal started its off-eBay strategy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | eBay subsidiary (2002–2014)",
"text": "In January 2008, PayPal acquired Fraud Sciences, a privately held Israeli start-up that developed online risk tools, for $169 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Global reach | Turkey",
"text": "Eight years after the company first started operating in the country, Paypal ceased operations in Turkey on 6 June 2016 when Turkish financial regulator BDDK denied it a payment license."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Business model evolution | Phase 3",
"text": "Starting in the second half of 2004, PayPal Merchant Services unveiled several initiatives to enroll online merchants outside the eBay auction community, including: Lowering its transaction fee for high-volume merchants from 2.2% to 1.9% (while increasing the monthly transaction volume required to qualify for the lowest fee to $100,000) Encouraging its users to recruit non-eBay merchants by increasing its referral bonus to a maximum of $1,000 (versus the previous $100 cap) Persuading credit card gateway providers, including CyberSource and Retail Decisions USA, to include PayPal among their offerings to online merchants."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing with PayPal",
"text": "Customers can use PayPal to purchase by connecting their PayPal payment system to Apple ID accounts."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing with PayPal",
"text": "PayPal cooperates with \"Synchrony Financial\" and provides a financial service to PayPal Cashback Mastercard, which offers 2% return cash to customers who are shopping online or on the physical stores by using PayPal."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing with PayPal",
"text": "PayPal can increase usage by the platform of Apple."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing with PayPal",
"text": "Both PayPal and traders get benefit from the free service."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal had its initial public offering in 2002."
}
] |
Paypal started in the 1990s.
| 2 | 5 |
PayPal
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Eastwood held a number of jobs, including lifeguard, paper carrier, grocery clerk, forest firefighter, and golf caddy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Spiritual beliefs",
"text": "In 1973, Eastwood told the film critic Gene Siskel, \"No, I don't believe in God.\" Eastwood has said that he finds spirituality in nature (as suggested by his Western, Pale Rider, 1985), stating that \"I was born during the Depression"
}
] |
e2DwoEbFl61pDfgr09XV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Joy Gould Boyum of The Wall Street Journal dismissed the film as \"brutal fantasy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Spiritual beliefs",
"text": "In 1973, Eastwood told the film critic Gene Siskel, \"No, I don't believe in God.\" Eastwood has said that he finds spirituality in nature (as suggested by his Western, Pale Rider, 1985), stating that \"I was born during the Depression"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Clint and Jeanne grew older, Ruth took a clerical job at IBM.Eastwood attended Piedmont Middle School, where he was held back due to poor academic scores, and records indicated he also had to attend summer school."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Eastwood held a number of jobs, including lifeguard, paper carrier, grocery clerk, forest firefighter, and golf caddy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "Shooting began in November 1967, before the script had been finalized."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "Eastwood was also cast as Two-Face in the Batman television show, but the series was canceled before filming began."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "In the winter of 1969–70, Eastwood and Siegel began planning his next film, The Beguiled (1971), a tale of a wounded Union soldier, held captive by the sexually repressed matron (played by Geraldine Page) of a Southern girls' school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Mike Hoover taught Eastwood how to climb during several weeks of preparation at Yosemite in the summer of 1974 before filming commenced in Grindelwald, Switzerland on August 12, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "It was meant to be a message about job growth and the spirit of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Eastwood directed and starred in Honkytonk Man (1982), based on the eponymous Clancy Carlile's depression-era novel."
}
] |
Clint Eastwood, born during the beginning of the Great Depression and the fall of Wall Street, held a variety of jobs before he began his successful acting career.
| 0 | 0 |
Clint Eastwood
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Antigone ( ann-TIG-ə-nee; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη) is the daughter of Oedipus and either his mother Jocasta or Euryganeia."
}
] |
e2K3Ww7YdgOWzfo0BaxM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Antigone",
"text": "Oedipus's sons, Eteocles and Polynices, had shared the rule jointly until they quarrelled, and Eteocles expelled his brother."
},
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Antigone",
"text": "Antigone, Polynices' sister, defies the king's order and is caught."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is a sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene."
},
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Oedipus at Colonus",
"text": "At the end of the play both Antigone and her sister mourn the death of their father."
},
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Oedipus at Colonus",
"text": "However, Theseus defends Oedipus and rescues both Antigone and her sister who was also taken prisoner."
},
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Oedipus Rex",
"text": "Antigone and her sister Ismene are seen at the end of Oedipus Rex as Oedipus laments the \"shame\" and \"sorrow\" he is leaving his daughters to."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references | Adaptations",
"text": "The Children of Jocasta (2017), a novel by Natalie Haynes which pays particular attention to Ismene, Antigone's sister. Home Fire (2017), a novel by Kamila Shamsie which adapts the story to present issues concerning the repatriation of the body of a terrorist. Antigone (2017), a film artwork by Tacita Dean"
},
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Antigone",
"text": "Creon orders Antigone buried alive in a tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Antigone",
"text": "By her death Antigone ends up destroying the household of her adversary, Creon."
},
{
"section_header": "In Sophocles | Antigone",
"text": "Antigone is the subject of a story in which she attempts to secure a respectable burial for her brother Polynices."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Antigone ( ann-TIG-ə-nee; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη) is the daughter of Oedipus and either his mother Jocasta or Euryganeia."
}
] |
Antigone is not Oedipus' sister.
| 2 | 2 |
Antigone
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Setting",
"text": "Atlas Shrugged is set in a dystopian United States at an unspecified time, in which the country has a \"National Legislature\" instead of Congress and a \"Head of State\" instead of a President."
}
] |
e2MZ7gx8ybQM8EQvXm6X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Government and business",
"text": "When and if this happens, that will be the time to go on strike, but not until then\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early novel idea in Russia",
"text": "Rand biographer Anne Heller traces the ideas which would go into Atlas Shrugged all the way back to a novel which the young Rand had in mind when a student at the University of Petrograd, long before she came to America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Republican Congressman John Campbell said, for example, \"People are starting to feel like we're living through the scenario that happened in [the novel] ... We're living in Atlas Shrugged\", echoing Stephen Moore in an article published in The Wall Street Journal on January 9, 2009, titled \"Atlas Shrugged From Fiction to Fact in 52 Years\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early novel idea in Russia",
"text": "The main difference from Atlas Shrugged as written many years later was that while in Russia, Rand idealized America as a capitalist paradise and did not realize that it might have its own home-grown communists and socialists; therefore, talented people did not need to withdraw to an isolated valley, but could just cross the Atlantic."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Atlas Shrugged: Part II",
"text": "On February 2, 2012, Kaslow and Aglialoro announced they had raised $16 million to fund Atlas Shrugged: Part II."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early novel idea in Russia",
"text": "A beautiful, spirited American heiress is luring the most talented Europeans to America, thereby weakening the European communist regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Atlas Shrugged: Part III: Who Is John Galt?",
"text": "The third part in the series, Atlas Shrugged Part III: Who Is John Galt?, was released on September 12, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Context and writing",
"text": "Rand's stated goal for writing the novel was \"to show how desperately the world needs prime movers and how viciously it treats them\" and to portray \"what happens to the world without them\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early novel idea in Russia",
"text": "After various complicated plot twists - the heiress seduces a French communist who was sent to America to stop her, and they have a stormy love affair - the novel would have gotten to a happy end, i.e. the collapse of European communism."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Atlas Shrugged was generally disliked by critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Setting",
"text": "Atlas Shrugged is set in a dystopian United States at an unspecified time, in which the country has a \"National Legislature\" instead of Congress and a \"Head of State\" instead of a President."
}
] |
Atlas shrugged happens in America.
| 0 | 0 |
Atlas Shrugged
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In a cheap card rack hanging from a dirty ribbon, he saw a half-torn letter and recognized it as the letter of the story's title."
}
] |
e2xEJ2qwkMOeoLwasJfQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "A letter from the queen's lover has been stolen from her boudoir by the unscrupulous Minister D—. D— was in the room, saw the letter, and switched it for a letter of no importance."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Dupin is not a professional detective."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Dupin concluded that D— wrote a new address on the reverse of the stolen one, re-folded it the opposite way and sealed it with his own seal."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He explains that D— knew the police detectives would have assumed that the blackmailer would have concealed the letter in an elaborate hiding place, and thus hid it in plain sight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These stories are considered to be important early forerunners of the modern detective story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The prefect says that he and his police detectives have searched D-'s town house and have found nothing."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The unnamed narrator is with the famous Parisian amateur detective C. Auguste Dupin when they are joined by G-, prefect of the Paris police."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third of his three detective stories featuring the fictional C. Auguste Dupin, the other two being \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" and \"The Mystery of Marie Rogêt\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The ability to produce the letter at a moment's notice is almost as important as actual possession of the letter."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Therefore, he must have the letter close at hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In a cheap card rack hanging from a dirty ribbon, he saw a half-torn letter and recognized it as the letter of the story's title."
}
] |
The letter that was stolen is discovered by the detective snuck into the pages of a periodical.
| 0 | 3 |
The Purloined Letter
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Quebec ( (listen); French: Québec [kebɛk] (listen)) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "An additional 5.8 percent of the population said they had no religious affiliation (including 5.6 percent who stated that they had no religion at all).Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (7,125,580) The official language of Quebec is French."
}
] |
e3Dcfx83lD9rEf7Bptxc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Effects of the American Revolution | Separation of the Province of Quebec",
"text": "The creation of Upper and Lower Canada in 1791 allowed most Loyalists to live under British laws and institutions, while the French-speaking population of Lower Canada could maintain their familiar French civil law and the Catholic religion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Quebec Act",
"text": "At that time, French-speaking Canadians formed the vast majority of the population of the province of Quebec (more than 99%) and British immigration was not going well."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "A considerable number of Quebec residents consider themselves to be bilingual in French and English."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War I and World War II",
"text": "The Conscription Crisis of 1917 did much to highlight the divisions between French and English-speaking Canadians in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Quebec is at the centre of French-speaking culture in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "National symbols",
"text": "The expression La belle province is still used mostly in tourism as a nickname for the province."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Effects of the American Revolution | Separation of the Province of Quebec",
"text": "The Loyalists were thus given land grants of 200 acres (81 ha) per person."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Effects of the American Revolution | Separation of the Province of Quebec",
"text": "Therefore, after the separation of the Province of Quebec, Lower Canada and Upper Canada were formed, each with its own government."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Knowledge of French is widespread even among those who do not speak it natively; in 2011, about 94.4 percent of the total population reported being able to speak French, alone or in combination with other languages, while 47.3% reported being able to speak English."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Quebec ( (listen); French: Québec [kebɛk] (listen)) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "An additional 5.8 percent of the population said they had no religious affiliation (including 5.6 percent who stated that they had no religion at all).Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (7,125,580) The official language of Quebec is French."
}
] |
Quebec is a province in Canada that has mostly French speaking residents.
| 0 | 0 |
Quebec
|
Science
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "About 80% of all known mollusc species are gastropods."
}
] |
e3bqwKqchS97H8P4f4xR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Foot",
"text": "In gastropods, it secretes mucus as a lubricant to aid movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "Tentaculita may also be in Mollusca (see Tentaculites)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc",
"text": "The shell is secreted by a mantle covering the upper surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "About 80% of all known mollusc species are gastropods."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Fossil record",
"text": "Some analyses of helcionellids concluded these were the earliest gastropods."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Eating, digestion, and excretion",
"text": "Molluscs' mouths also contain glands that secrete slimy mucus, to which the food sticks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gastropods (snails and slugs) are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "Most molluscs with shells can produce pearls, but only the pearls of bivalves and some gastropods, whose shells are lined with nacre, are valuable."
},
{
"section_header": "Definition",
"text": "The following are present in all modern molluscs: The dorsal part of the body wall is a mantle (or pallium) which secretes calcareous spicules, plates or shells."
}
] |
Most mollusca are gastropods that secretes a lubricant to move.
| 6 | 11 |
Mollusca
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the recipient of an Academy Award, three Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Newman divorced his wife Jackie Witte, with whom he already had 3 children, and married Woodward on January 29, 1958, in Las Vegas."
}
] |
e3tRTuL73k15xbu6B63A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 1958, Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Three Faces of Eve."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Woodward won two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Mini-Series or TV Movie: for See"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rachel, Rachel",
"text": "It was Newman's directorial debut, and both he and Woodward earned Golden Globe Awards and Oscar nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the recipient of an Academy Award, three Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is perhaps best known for her performance in The Three Faces of Eve (1957), which earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rachel, Rachel",
"text": "Woodward a second time in The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (1972), which earned her another Golden Globe and Best Actress at Cannes."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On March 28 of the same year, Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Three Faces of Eve."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "A popular (but untrue) bit of Hollywood lore is that Woodward was the first celebrity to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film stardom",
"text": "This was a commercial and critical success, and Woodward won the Best Actress Oscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Newman divorced his wife Jackie Witte, with whom he already had 3 children, and married Woodward on January 29, 1958, in Las Vegas."
}
] |
Joanne Woodward was an actress who has won some awards while acting like the Golden Globe and was married to a popular actor in 1958..
| 0 | 6 |
Joanne Woodward
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There have been several adaptations for stage, film and television."
}
] |
e3v9BEFw9Ymg7kWYDFBm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "2005: A Channel 5 adaptation entitled Dark Knight attempted to adapt Ivanhoe for an ongoing series."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "An operatic adaptation of the novel by Sir Arthur Sullivan (entitled Ivanhoe) ran for over 150 consecutive performances in 1891."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "There have also been many television adaptations of the novel, including: 1958: A television series based on the character of Ivanhoe starring Roger Moore as Ivanhoe 1970: A TV miniseries starring Eric Flynn as Ivanhoe. 1982: Ivanhoe, a television movie starring Anthony Andrews as Ivanhoe."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "The Revenge of Ivanhoe (1965) starred Rik Battaglia (an Italian peplum) Ivanhoe, the Norman Swordsman (1971) aka La spada normanna, directed by Roberto Mauri (an Italian peplum) The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe ("
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "1999: The Legend of Ivanhoe, a Columbia TriStar International Television production dubbed into English starring John Haverson as Ivanhoe and Rita Shaver as Rowena."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Ben Pullen played Ivanhoe and Charlotte Comer played Rebecca."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Ivanhoe, Wales 1913, directed by Leedham Bantock, filmed at Chepstow Castle"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "1986: Ivanhoe, a 1986 animated telemovie produced by Burbank Films in Australia. 1995: Young Ivanhoe, a 1995 television movie directed by Ralph L. Thomas and starring Kristen Holden-Ried as Ivanhoe, Rachel Blanchard as Rowena, Stacy Keach as Pembrooke, Margot Kidder as Lady Margarite, Nick Mancuso as Bourget, and Matthew Daniels as Tuck. 1997: Ivanhoe the King's Knight a televised cartoon series produced by CINAR and France Animation."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been the basis for several motion pictures: Ivanhoe, United States 1911, directed by J. Stuart Blackton Ivanhoe United States 1913, directed by Herbert Brenon; with King Baggot, Leah Baird, and Brenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Other operas based on the novel have been composed by Gioachino Rossini (Ivanhoé), Thomas Sari (Ivanhoé), Bartolomeo Pisani (Rebecca), A. Castagnier (Rébecca), Otto Nicolai (Il Templario), and Heinrich Marschner (Der Templer und die Jüdin)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There have been several adaptations for stage, film and television."
}
] |
Ivanhoe has never been adapted.
| 0 | 0 |
Ivanhoe
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Borglum, known for anti-Indigenous American sentiments and affiliation with the Ku Klux Klan, instead chose the four presidents."
}
] |
e5JYKweAmCHFaShW8BQ1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mount Rushmore National Memorial is centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills in Keystone, South Dakota."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In 1933, the National Park Service took Mount Rushmore under its jurisdiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "swallows and white-throated swifts fly around Mount Rushmore, occasionally making nesting spots in the ledges of the mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and commemoration",
"text": "In 2020, Nick Tilsen, president of NDN Collective, an Indigenous-led organization dedicated to building Indigenous power, and a citizen of the Oglala Lakota Nation, stated, \"... we have refused to accept the settlement — an amount that has slowly accrued interest and is now well over $1 billion — because we won't settle for anything less than the full return of our lands as stipulated by the treaties our nations signed and agreed upon.\" On August 11, 1952, the U.S. Post Office issued the Mount Rushmore Memorial commemorative stamp on the 25th anniversary of the dedication of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "so it could reach the top of Mount Rushmore for the ease of workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Baker stated that he will open up more \"avenues of interpretation\", and that the four presidents are \"only one avenue and only one focus.\" The Crazy Horse Memorial is being constructed elsewhere in the Black Hills to commemorate the Native American leader as a response to Mount Rushmore."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Mount Rushmore was constructed with the intention of symbolizing \"the triumph of modern society and democracy\", for the latest Indigenous occupants."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "\"The 1980 United States Supreme Court decision United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians ruled that the Sioux had not received just compensation for their land in the Black Hills, which includes Mount Rushmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "The memorial is carved on the northwest margin of the Black Elk Peak granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota, so the geologic formations of the heart of the Black Hills region are also evident at Mount Rushmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Soils",
"text": "The Mount Rushmore area is underlain by"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Borglum, known for anti-Indigenous American sentiments and affiliation with the Ku Klux Klan, instead chose the four presidents."
}
] |
Mount Rushmore National Memorial was constructed by an associate of white supremacy.
| 0 | 0 |
Mount Rushmore National Memorial
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Germinal is the thirteenth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart."
}
] |
e5pNNzeT7LQwoFGGV1G5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel's central character is Étienne Lantier, previously seen in L'Assommoir (1877), and originally to have been the central character in Zola's \"murder on the trains\" thriller La Bête humaine (1890) before the overwhelmingly positive reaction to Germinal persuaded him otherwise."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Zola was always very proud of Germinal and was always keen to defend its accuracy against accusations of hyperbole and exaggeration (from the conservatives) or of slander against the working classes (from the socialists)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first serialized between November 1884 and February 1885 in the periodical Gil Blas, then in March 1885 published as a book."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Since then the book has come to symbolize working class causes and to this day retains a special place in French mining-town folklore."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Zola keeps his theorizing in the background and Étienne's motivations are much more natural as a result."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "While this is going on, Étienne also falls for Maheu's daughter Catherine, also employed pushing carts in the mines, and he is drawn into the relationship between her and her brutish lover Chaval, a prototype for the character of Buteau in Zola's later novel La Terre (1887)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Accordingly, Zola ends the novel on a note of hope and one that has provided inspiration to socialist and reformist causes of all kinds throughout the years since its first publication: Beneath the blazing of the sun, in that morning of new growth, the countryside rang with song, as its belly swelled with a black and avenging army of men, germinating slowly in its furrows, growing upwards in readiness for harvests to come, until one day soon their ripening would burst open the earth itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Les Enfants de Germinal. (The children of Germinal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "While the anarchist Souvarine preaches violent action, the miners and their families hold back, their poverty becoming ever more disastrous, until they are sparked into a ferocious riot, the violence of which is described in explicit terms by Zola, as well as providing some of the novelist's best and most evocative crowd scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "At his funeral crowds of workers gathered, cheering the cortège with shouts of \"Germinal! Germinal!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Germinal is the thirteenth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart."
}
] |
Germinal is a book by Francios Zola and has the same character from L'Assommoir.
| 0 | 0 |
Germinal (novel)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Erewhon: or, Over the Range () is a novel by Samuel Butler which was first published anonymously in 1872, set in a fictional country discovered and explored by the protagonist."
}
] |
e69kcNTTtiUztiH6aCQT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "The greater part of the book consists of a description of Erewhon."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Deleuze and Guattari",
"text": "In Difference and Repetition (1968), Deleuze refers to what he calls \"Ideas\" as \"Erewhon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Characters",
"text": "Yram—The daughter of Higgs' jailer who takes care of him when he first enters Erewhon."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "Erewhon' is the name of Los Angeles based natural foods grocery store."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "At first glance, Erewhon appears to be a Utopia, yet it soon becomes clear that this is far from the case."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In a 1945 broadcast, George Orwell praised the book and said that when Butler wrote Erewhon it needed \"imagination of a very high order to see that machinery could be dangerous as well as useful.\" He recommended the novel, though not its sequel, Erewhon Revisited."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Yet for all the failings of Erewhon, it is also clearly not a dystopia, such as that depicted in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Erewhon satirises various aspects of Victorian society, including criminal punishment, religion and anthropocentrism."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "'Erewhon' is also the name of an independent speculative fiction publishing company founded in 2018 by Liz Gorinsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Another feature of Erewhon is the absence of machines; this is due to the widely shared perception by the Erewhonians that they are potentially dangerous."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Erewhon: or, Over the Range () is a novel by Samuel Butler which was first published anonymously in 1872, set in a fictional country discovered and explored by the protagonist."
}
] |
Erewhon was printed in the late 1800s.
| 0 | 0 |
Erewhon
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: mixed success and re-emergence in music",
"text": "Also in 2017, Smith released the song \" Get Lit\" a collaboration between him and his former group mate Jazzy Jeff."
}
] |
e6n5yiNRsVr5XEYdJUll
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: mixed success and re-emergence in music",
"text": "In 2020, he reteamed with Martin Lawrence for the third film in their franchise, Bad Boys for Life, which has grossed almost $200m in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2013: Leading man status",
"text": "Later in the year, Smith's first compilation album Greatest Hits was released, featuring songs from his three solo albums as well as those produced with DJ Jazzy Jeff.2003 saw Smith return for Bad Boys II, the sequel to the 1995 film Bad Boys; the film follows detectives Burnett and Lowrey investigating the flow of ecstasy into Miami."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1997: Solo music and film breakthrough",
"text": "Smith's first major roles were in the drama Six Degrees of Separation (1993) and the action film Bad Boys (1995) in which he starred opposite Martin Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: mixed success and re-emergence in music",
"text": "He also participated in the soundtracks by recording singles: \"Arabian Nights (2019)\", \"Friend Like Me\" and \"Prince Ali\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2013: Leading man status",
"text": "After the release of the film, Smith was content with ending his work with the franchise, saying, \"I think three is enough for me."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2013: Leading man status",
"text": "Smith later starred in the superhero movie Hancock, which grossed $227,946,274 in the United States and Canada and had a worldwide total of $624,386,746.On August 19, 2011, it was announced that Smith had returned to the studio with producer La Mar Edwards to work on his fifth studio album."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: mixed success and re-emergence in music",
"text": "That September Smith appeared, alongside Bad Bunny, on the Marc Anthony song Está Rico."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: mixed success and re-emergence in music",
"text": "I didn't want to be the guy who did a movie saying football could be dangerous."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–1992: The Fresh Prince",
"text": "Smith set for himself the goal of becoming \"the biggest movie star in the world\", studying box office successes' common characteristics."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2013: Leading man status",
"text": "\"Boy You Knock Me Out\", which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart and topped the UK R&B Singles Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: mixed success and re-emergence in music",
"text": "Also in 2017, Smith released the song \" Get Lit\" a collaboration between him and his former group mate Jazzy Jeff."
}
] |
Will Smith most recent album is the soundtrack to the 3rd movie of the Bad Boys franchise.
| 1 | 6 |
Will Smith
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of several interrelated people who die in the collapse of an Inca rope bridge in Peru, and the events that lead up to their being on the bridge."
}
] |
e6xLGAzEfJL9XxSy6W0a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Four: Uncle Pio; Don Jaime",
"text": "Uncle Pio and Jaime leave the next morning, and are the fourth and fifth people on the bridge of San Luis Rey when it collapses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of several interrelated people who die in the collapse of an Inca rope bridge in Peru, and the events that lead up to their being on the bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "FilmThree US films have been based on the novel: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1929) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2004)TheaterA play for puppets and actors was based on the novel, adapted by Greg Carter and directed by Sheila Daniels: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2006)A play adapted by Cynthia Meier has been performed in Arizona and Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Five: Perhaps an Intention",
"text": "The story then shifts back in time to the day of a funeral service for those who died in the bridge collapse."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and sources",
"text": "The name of the bridge is drawn from the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in San Diego County, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Two: the Marquesa de Montemayor; Pepita",
"text": "She writes her \"first letter\" (actually Letter LVI) of courageous love to her daughter, but two days later, returning to Lima, she and Pepita are on the bridge of San Luis Rey when it collapses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey is American author Thornton Wilder's second novel, first published in 1927 to worldwide acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey won the 1928 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, and remains widely acclaimed as Wilder's most famous work."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence | Influences",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey was cited by American writer John Hersey as a direct inspiration for his nonfiction work Hiroshima (1946)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Three: Esteban",
"text": "The Captain offers to take him back to Lima to buy the present, and at the ravine spanned by the bridge of San Luis Rey, the Captain goes down to a boat that is ferrying some materials across the water."
}
] |
The Bridge of San Luis Rey tells the story of the lives of the people who died when the bridge collapsed.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bridge of San Luis Rey
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók's mother, Paula (née Voit), had ethnic German roots but spoke Hungarian fluently (Hooker 2001, 16)."
}
] |
e7Qf7aXr7eZ8Ht0pw2gI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Statues",
"text": "An English Heritage blue plaque, unveiled in 1997, now commemorates Bartók at 7 Sydney Place (Anon. & n.d.(a); Jones 2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | New influences (1903–11)",
"text": "In this case we may say, he has completely absorbed the idiom of peasant music which has become his musical mother tongue. ("
},
{
"section_header": "Music | New inspiration and experimentation (1916–21)",
"text": "Many regions he loved were severed from Hungary: Transylvania, the Banat (where he was born), and Pozsony where his mother had lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "By the age of four he was able to play 40 pieces on the piano and his mother began formally teaching him the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók's mother, Paula (née Voit), had ethnic German roots but spoke Hungarian fluently (Hooker 2001, 16)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "His mother then took Béla and his sister, Erzsébet, to live in Nagyszőlős (present-day Vynohradiv, Ukraine) and then in Pozsony (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Béla displayed notable musical talent very early in life: according to his mother, he could distinguish between different dance rhythms that she played on the piano before he learned to speak in complete sentences (Gillies 1990, 6)."
}
] |
Bela Bartok's mother had was English descent.
| 4 | 9 |
Béla Bartók
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pope | Other activities | Canonizations",
"text": "Pope Leo X canonized eleven individuals during his reign with seven of those being a group cause of martyrs."
}
] |
e7SejHm7OwqSKlYuSlbf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Excessive spending",
"text": "Pope Leo X once said, infamously, \"God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it.\" Leo was renowned for spending money lavishly on the arts; on charities; on benefices for his friends, relatives, and even people he barely knew; on dynastic wars, such as the War of Urbino; and on his own personal luxury."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Excessive spending",
"text": "Within two years of becoming Pope, Leo X spent all of the treasure amassed by the previous Pope, the frugal Julius II, and drove the Papacy into deep debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | General assessment",
"text": "Leo has been criticized for his handling of the events of the papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Pope | Protestant Reformation",
"text": "Leo was disturbed throughout his pontificate by schism, especially the Reformation sparked by Martin Luther."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Leo X (born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, 11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521) was pope and ruler of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death on 1 December 1521.Born into the prominent political and banking Medici family of Florence, Giovanni was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of the Florentine Republic, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1489."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | General assessment",
"text": "The character of Leo X was formerly assailed by lurid aspersions of debauchery, murder, impiety, and atheism."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Failure to stem the Reformation",
"text": "Possibly the most lasting legacy of the reign of Pope Leo X was his perceived failure to not just stem the Reformation but to fuel it."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | Intellectual interests",
"text": "Leo X's love for all forms of art stemmed from the humanistic education he received in Florence, his studies in Pisa and his extensive travel throughout Europe when a youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Failure to stem the Reformation",
"text": "The exploitation of people and corruption of religious principles that was linked to the practice of selling indulgences quickly became the key stimulus for the onset of the Protestant Reformation."
},
{
"section_header": "Pope | Other activities | Canonizations",
"text": "Pope Leo X canonized eleven individuals during his reign with seven of those being a group cause of martyrs."
}
] |
Leo X declared 11 people saint throughout his papacy.
| 1 | 4 |
Pope Leo X
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "that the three should go to Bolivia, which Butch envisions as a robber's paradise."
}
] |
e7aDePOaOOHWCVtW2cJM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay",
"text": "The characters' flight to South America caused one executive to reject the script, as it was then unusual in Western films for the protagonists to flee."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Lemmon, however, turned down the role because he did not like riding horses and felt that he had already played too many aspects of the Sundance Kid's character before."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "According to Goldman, when he first wrote the script and sent it out for consideration, only one studio wanted to buy it—and that was with the proviso that the two lead characters did not flee to South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It was the eighth most popular film of 1970 in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 2003, the film was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2003, the film was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" The American Film Institute ranked Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as the 73rd-greatest American film on its \"AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "William Goldman, the writer of the original film, was an executive producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "McQueen eventually backed out of the film due to disagreements with Newman."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The two actors would eventually team up in the 1974 disaster film The Towering Inferno."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The film grossed $82,625 in its opening week from two theatres in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "that the three should go to Bolivia, which Butch envisions as a robber's paradise."
}
] |
The main characters escape to Columbia in the film.
| 0 | 0 |
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although, it did not bring an end to the war, victory which would only be secured 14 more years after the battle, Bannockburn was a landmark in Scottish history."
}
] |
e7aIDHQ88BWjJupasPt9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Wars of Scottish Independence between England and Scotland began in 1296 and initially the English were successful under the command of Edward I, having won victories at the Battle of Dunbar (1296) and at the Capture of Berwick (1296)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although, it did not bring an end to the war, victory which would only be secured 14 more years after the battle, Bannockburn was a landmark in Scottish history."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "The project is a partnership between the National Trust for Scotland and Historic Environment Scotland, funded by the Scottish Government and the Heritage Lottery Fund."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1304, Scotland had been conquered, but in 1306 Robert the Bruce seized the Scottish throne and the war was reopened."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "The National Trust for Scotland operates the Bannockburn Visitor Centre (previously known as the Bannockburn Heritage Centre), which is open daily from March through October."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In exchange for the captured nobles, Edward II released Robert's wife Elizabeth de Burgh, sisters Christina Bruce, Mary Bruce and daughter Marjorie Bruce, ending their 8-year imprisonment in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "In 1932 the Bannockburn Preservation Committee, under Edward Bruce, 10th Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, presented lands to the National Trust for Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Edward assembled a formidable force of soldiers from England, Ireland and Wales to relieve it – the largest army ever to invade Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "A modern monument was erected in a field above the possible site of the battle, where the warring parties are believed to have camped on the night before the battle."
}
] |
The Battle of Bannockburn did end the war between Scotland and England.
| 1 | 2 |
Battle of Bannockburn
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered that Tennyson wrote it in elegy; the narrator uses an extended metaphor to compare death with crossing the \"sandbar\" between river of life, with its outgoing \"flood\", and the ocean that lies beyond [death], the \"boundless deep\", to which we return."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Tennyson is believed to have written the poem (after suffering a serious illness) while on the sea, crossing the Solent from Aldworth to Farringford on the Isle of Wight."
}
] |
e7bTMLfVkdvFTNIweu5j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Crossing the Bar\" is an 1889 poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Tennyson is believed to have written the poem (after suffering a serious illness) while on the sea, crossing the Solent from Aldworth to Farringford on the Isle of Wight."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Shortly before he died, Tennyson told his son Hallam to \"put 'Crossing the Bar' at the end of all editions of my poems\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered that Tennyson wrote it in elegy; the narrator uses an extended metaphor to compare death with crossing the \"sandbar\" between river of life, with its outgoing \"flood\", and the ocean that lies beyond [death], the \"boundless deep\", to which we return."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In August 2018, the writer V. S. Naipaul died after reading \"Crossing the Bar\" on his deathbed in London; his family and friends citing the poem as having always held a great resonance to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Separately, it has been suggested he may have written it on a yacht anchored in Salcombe."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The extended metaphor of \"crossing the bar\" represents travelling serenely and securely from life through death."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The music was written at the time her husband's grandmother was passing away."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Assersohn's piece \"Crossing the Bar\" won the Composers' Competition at the Cornwall International Male Voice Choir Festival, from a field of 40 entries."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Assersohn is the Musical Director of Epsom Male Voice Choir, and the choir sang the world première of \"Crossing the Bar\" in Truro Cathedral at the Festival"
}
] |
Crossing the Bar is a poem written in elegy.
| 0 | 0 |
Crossing the Bar
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father earned a GED while serving time in prison for selling heroin at Hilo International Airport."
}
] |
e7iyQAdBI2h1kQ0Vxt00
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The intruder used Reeves' bathroom and went swimming in his pool."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father earned a GED while serving time in prison for selling heroin at Hilo International Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Business and philanthropy",
"text": "An avid motorcyclist, Reeves co-founded Arch Motorcycle Company, which builds and sells custom motorcycles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present",
"text": "His next release, the comedy Keanu, was better received."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (texts by); Grant, Alexandra (photographs by) (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Shadows: A Collaborative Project by Alexandra Grant and Keanu Reeves."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1994: Breakthrough with adult roles",
"text": "For his role, Reeves was required to speak with an English accent, which drew some criticism; \"Overly posh and entirely ridiculous, Reeves's performance is as painful as it is hilarious\", wrote Limara Salt of Virgin Media."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2013: Thrillers, documentaries and directorial debut",
"text": "Many critics were unimpressed with the heavy use of special effects; The Telegraph credited Reeves' ability to engage the audience, but thought the cinematography was abysmal and"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (text by); Grant, Alexandra (drawings by, book design by) (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1999–2004: Stardom with The Matrix franchise and comedies",
"text": "Reeves portrays computer programmer Thomas Anderson, a hacker using the alias \"Neo\", who discovers humanity is trapped inside a simulated reality created by intelligent machines."
}
] |
Keanu Reeves' dad used to sell drugs.
| 0 | 0 |
Keanu Reeves
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The AD 493 Book of Song quotes the frontier general Tan Daoji referring to \"the long wall of 10,000 miles\", closer to the modern name, but the name rarely features in pre-modern times otherwise."
}
] |
e7vZvTPQZh9365UpbGNI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The collection of fortifications known as the Great Wall of China has historically had a number of different names in both Chinese and English."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The AD 493 Book of Song quotes the frontier general Tan Daoji referring to \"the long wall of 10,000 miles\", closer to the modern name, but the name rarely features in pre-modern times otherwise."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Only during the Qing period did \"Long Wall\" become the catch-all term to refer to the many border walls regardless of their location or dynastic origin, equivalent to the English \"Great Wall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "By the 19th century, \"The Great Wall of China\" had become standard in English and French, although other European languages such as German continue to refer to it as \"the Chinese wall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Because of the wall's association with the First Emperor's supposed tyranny, the Chinese dynasties after Qin usually avoided referring to their own additions to the wall by the name \"Long Wall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "In Chinese histories, the term \"Long Wall(s)\" (長城, changcheng) appears in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, where it referred both to the separate great walls built between and north of the Warring States and to the more unified construction of the First Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The current English name evolved from accounts of \"the Chinese wall\" from early modern European travelers."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The longer Chinese name \"Ten-Thousand Mile Long Wall\" (萬里長城, Wanli Changcheng) came from Sima Qian's description of it in the Records, though he did not name the walls as such."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "It originally referred to the rampart which surrounded traditional Chinese cities and was used by extension for these walls around their respective states; today, however, it is much more often the Chinese word for \"city\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The traditional Chinese mile (里, lǐ) was an often irregular distance that was intended to show the length of a standard village and varied with terrain but was usually standardized at distances around a third of an English mile (540 m)."
}
] |
The Great Wall of China has many different names in both Chinese and English and Tan Daoji referred to it as "the long wall of 10,000 miles."
| 1 | 2 |
Great Wall of China
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and burial: 1940",
"text": "Garvey then suffered a second stroke and died at the age of 52 on 10 June 1940."
}
] |
e8KVcplep7Is5FC84Fa0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "And make the Negro feel he was somebody.\" Vietnamese Communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh said Garvey and Korean nationalists shaped his political outlook during his stay in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "Mark Christian suggested that Garveyism gave an important psychological boost to African leaders campaigning for independence from European colonial rule, while Claudius Fergus proposed that it played an important role in encouraging Africans to see the African diaspora as an \"integral constituent of their own political destiny.\" In his autobiography, Kwame Nkrumah, the prominent Pan-Africanist activist who became Ghana's first president, acknowledged having been influenced by Garvey."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1887–1904",
"text": "Sarah bore him four additional children, of whom Marcus was the youngest, although two died in infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on political movements",
"text": "In 1975 the reggae artist Burning Spear released the album Marcus Garvey."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology",
"text": "Ideologically, Garvey was a black nationalist."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization of UNIA | Imprisonment: 1925–1927",
"text": "He also wrote The Meditations of Marcus Garvey, its name an allusion to The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Travels abroad: 1910–1914",
"text": "There he discovered Up from Slavery, a book by the African-American entrepreneur and activist Booker T. Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Influence on religious movements",
"text": "According to the scholar of religion Maboula Soumahoro, Rastafari \"emerged from the socio-political ferment inaugurated by Marcus Garvey\", while for the sociologist Ernest Cashmore, Garvey was the \"most important\" precursor of the Rastafari movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ideologically a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist, his ideas came to be known as Garveyism."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and burial: 1940",
"text": "Garvey then suffered a second stroke and died at the age of 52 on 10 June 1940."
}
] |
Marcus Garvey was a political activist and an African nationalist that died from a pancreatic cancer.
| 0 | 0 |
Marcus Garvey
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive."
}
] |
e8PzVgCkty0z4Dq5dobz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "In the \"Coyote Lovely\" episode, after handcuffing Lana and Cyril together, Archer says \"... just like The Defiant Ones.\" In the video game Red Dead Redemption 2, a side mission involves two shackled men, Mr. Black & Mr. White, escaping a chain gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Variety magazine likewise praised the acting and discussed the film's major theme, writing, \"The theme of The Defiant Ones is that what keeps men apart is their lack of knowledge of one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "The basis of The Defiant Ones was revisited several times in popular media: Warner Bros. parodied the film in Friz Freleng's 1961 cartoon D' Fightin' Ones, in which Sylvester the Cat escapes from captivity in a dogcatcher truck while chained to a bulldog."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As the posse led by humane Sheriff Max Muller (Theodore Bikel) gets close, the escapees can hear the dogs on their trail."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Curtis was cast afterwards. Curtis did request Poitier's name appear with his above the movie title marking a first for Poitier in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "When the film was first released, Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, lauded the production and the acting in the film, writing, \"A remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood—is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new film, The Defiant Ones... Between the two principal performers there isn't much room for a choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "In 1984, in the season 1 episode \"Some Like It Hot\" of the American sitcom Night Court, the movie plot was briefly alluded to by a maintenance man as Dan and Liz (white and black characters, respectively) are handcuffed together: \"Tony Curtis, Sidney Poitier ... what was the name of that movie?\" The 1985 sci-fi film Enemy Mine pitted a white earthling (Dennis Quaid) against a lizard-like alien (Louis Gossett Jr) while stranded on a desolate planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "One night in the American South, a truck loaded with prisoners in the back swerves to miss another truck and crashes through a barrier."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "Another 1972 B-movie added a science fiction blaxploitation twist as The Thing with Two Heads, in which a racist white man (played by Ray Milland) has his head grafted onto the body of a living black man (played by Rosey Grier)."
}
] |
The Defiant Ones is a 1950's movie about 2 teenagers who get expelled from school for selling illicit substances.
| 0 | 3 |
The Defiant Ones
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "Cuban state television announced that Castro had died on the night of 25 November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "The cause of death was not disclosed."
}
] |
e8RaBVGTxzVNoLRxJbi6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "Fidel Castro was cremated on 26 November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Special Period: 1992–2000",
"text": "Crowds regularly shouted \"Fidel!"
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Imprisonment and 26 July Movement: 1953–1955",
"text": "Fidel liked him, later describing him as \"a more advanced revolutionary than I was\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership | Consolidating leadership: 1959–1960",
"text": "The protesters held up signs that read, \"Mr. Kennedy, Cuba is Not For Sale.\", \"Viva Fidel Castro!\" and \"Down With Yankee Imperialism!\" ."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership | Economic stagnation and Third World politics: 1969–1974",
"text": "Castro proceeded to Guinea to meet socialist President Sékou Touré, praising him as Africa's greatest leader, and there received the Order of Fidelity to the People."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Stepping down: 2006–2008",
"text": "Later that month, Fidel called into Hugo Chávez's radio show Aló Presidente."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Family, friends, and extramarital affairs",
"text": "Fidel had another daughter, Francisca Pupo (born 1953), the result of a one-night affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Imprisonment and 26 July Movement: 1953–1955",
"text": "Both Fidel and Mirta initiated divorce proceedings, with Mirta taking custody of their son Fidelito; this angered Castro, who did not want his son growing up in a bourgeois environment."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Family, friends, and extramarital affairs",
"text": "Castro's first wife was Mirta Díaz-Balart, whom he married in October 1948, and together they had a son, Fidel Ángel \"Fidelito\" Castro Díaz-Balart, born in September 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Family, friends, and extramarital affairs",
"text": "Fidel had five other sons by his second wife, Dalia Soto del Valle – Antonio, Alejandro, Alexis, Alexander \"Alex\", and Ángel Castro Soto del Valle."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "Cuban state television announced that Castro had died on the night of 25 November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "The cause of death was not disclosed."
}
] |
Fidel Castro kicked the bucket of colon cancer.
| 0 | 0 |
Fidel Castro
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 21-year baseball career for the Washington Senators (1907–1927)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Perry Johnson (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946), nicknamed \"Barney\" and \"The Big Train\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher."
}
] |
e8mQneZNAW8LqRRoZDX8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In May 1918, Johnson pitched 40 consecutive scoreless innings; he is the only pitcher with two such 40+ inning streaks."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson lost the first and fifth games of the 1924 World Series, but became the hero by pitching four scoreless innings of relief in the seventh and deciding game, winning in the 12th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson holds the record for most three-pitch innings by any major league pitcher with four."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson was the first American League pitcher to strike out four batters in one inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 21-year baseball career for the Washington Senators (1907–1927)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A large recreation park (Walter Johnson Park) is named after him in Coffeyville, Kansas, where he maintained a part-time residence for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Johnson was spotted by a talent scout and signed a contract with the Washington Senators in July 1907 at the age of 19."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He continued on to the major leagues, managing the Washington Senators (1929–1932), and finally the Cleveland Indians (1933–1935)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Perry Johnson (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946), nicknamed \"Barney\" and \"The Big Train\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In April and May, he pitched 55.2 consecutive scoreless innings, still the American League record and the third-longest streak in history."
}
] |
Walter Johnson had several nicknames in the MLB in which he played for the Washington Senators.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Johnson
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
}
] |
eAEYEUCROazDB4hSY45Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was first published in the UK in 1962 by William Heinemann Ltd., and became the first work published in Heinemann's African Writers Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Novelists who published after Achebe were able to find an eloquent and effective mode for the expression of the particular social, historical, and cultural situation of modern Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
}
] |
It was published in the 1950's.
| 2 | 8 |
Things Fall Apart
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "According to the 2011 census, Polish has become the second-largest language spoken in England and has 546,000 speakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Considering the four systems together, about 38 per cent of the United Kingdom population has a university or college degree, which is the highest percentage in Europe, and among the highest percentages in the world."
}
] |
eAty66R9OOvEE3K6KNP5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United Kingdom's capital is London, a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Considering the four systems together, about 38 per cent of the United Kingdom population has a university or college degree, which is the highest percentage in Europe, and among the highest percentages in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Overview",
"text": "As other nations industrialised, coupled with economic decline after two world wars, the United Kingdom began to lose its competitive advantage and heavy industry declined, by degrees, throughout the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In the 2011 census the total population of the United Kingdom was 63,181,775."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Since the establishment of Bedford College (London), Girton College (Cambridge) and Somerville College (Oxford) in the 19th century, women also can obtain a university degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "By 1961 this number had more than quadrupled to 384,000, just over 0.7 per cent of the United Kingdom population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "The Scottish Qualifications Authority is responsible for the development, accreditation, assessment and certification of qualifications other than degrees which are delivered at secondary schools, post-secondary colleges of further education and other centres."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Muslim population has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 2.7 million in 2011, making it the second-largest religious group in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Migration",
"text": "Immigration is now contributing to a rising population with arrivals and UK-born children of migrants accounting for about half of the population increase between 1991 and 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Law and criminal justice",
"text": "Scotland's prisons are overcrowded but the prison population is shrinking."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "According to the 2011 census, Polish has become the second-largest language spoken in England and has 546,000 speakers."
}
] |
Almost 40% of the United Kingdom's population has a degree.
| 1 | 6 |
United Kingdom
|
Popular Culture
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology",
"text": "Cruise struggled with dyslexia at an early age and has said that Scientology, specifically the L. Ron Hubbard Study Tech, helped him overcome dyslexia."
}
] |
eBM2hzpanDORHiARtcFN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology",
"text": "Cruise struggled with dyslexia at an early age and has said that Scientology, specifically the L. Ron Hubbard Study Tech, helped him overcome dyslexia."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, [screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs, and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "In mid-2011, Cruise started shooting the movie Rock of Ages, in which he played the character Stacee Jaxx."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "At age 18, with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "In Top Gun, Cruise plays Mitchell who is a 'hot shot' military underachiever who makes mistakes because he is trying to outperform his late father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "'\"Cruise spent part of his childhood in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cruise was born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV in Syracuse, New York, on July 3, 1962, the son of special education teacher Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer; 1936–2017) and electrical engineer Thomas Cruise Mapother III (1934–1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cruise grew up in near poverty and had a Catholic upbringing."
}
] |
Tom Cruise has struggled with dyslexia at an early age.
| 2 | 9 |
Tom Cruise
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"John Brown's Body\" (originally known as \"John Brown's Song\") is a United States marching song about the abolitionist John Brown."
}
] |
eBac27xZ5KWSjRfAWvlx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "As Annie J. Randall wrote, \"Multiple authors, most of them anonymous, borrowed the tune from \"Say, Brothers\", gave it new texts, and used it to hail Brown's terrorist war to abolish the centuries-old practice of slavery in America.\" This continual re-use and spontaneous adaptation of existing words and tunes is an important feature of the oral folk music tradition that \"Say, Brothers\" and the \"John Brown Song\" were embedded in and no one would have begrudged their use or re-use of these folk materials."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "Some of those who claimed to have composed the tune may have had a hand in creating and publishing some of the perfectly legitimate variants or alternate texts that used the tune—but all certainly wanted a share of the fame that came with being known as the author of this very well known tune."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "\" \"Shoo, Fly Don't Bother Me,\" and \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home,\"—and to have played a role in the composition of Swanee River.) In the late 1800s, during the song's height of popularity, a number of other authors claimed to have played a part in the origin of the song."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Thomas Brigham Bishop",
"text": "Maine songwriter, musician, band leader, and Union soldier Thomas Brigham Bishop (1835–1905) has also been credited as the originator of the John Brown Song, notably by promoter James MacIntyre in a 1916 book and 1935 interview. (Bishop also claimed to have written \"Kitty Wells,"
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "Given the tune's use in the camp meeting circuits in the late 1700s and early 1800s and the first known publication dates of 1806–1808, long before most of these claimants were born, it is apparent that none of these authors composed the tune that was the basis of \"Say, Brothers\" and \"John Brown\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | William Steffe",
"text": "Though Steffe may have played a role in creating the \"Say, Bummers\" version of the song, which seems to be a variant of and owe a debt to both \"Say, Brothers\" and \"John Brown\", Steffe couldn't have written the \"Glory Hallelujah\" tune or the \"Say, Brothers\" text, both of which had been circulating for decades before his birth."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "Some sources list Steffe, Bishop, Frank E. Jerome, and others as the tune's composer."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | First public performance",
"text": "Other publishers also came out with versions of the \"John Brown Song\" and claimed copyright."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | William Steffe",
"text": "In hymnals and folks song collections, the hymn tune for \"Say, Brothers\" is often attributed to William Steffe."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | William Steffe",
"text": "Robert W. Allen summarizes Steffe's own story of composing the tune: Steffe finally told the whole story of the writing of the song."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"John Brown's Body\" (originally known as \"John Brown's Song\") is a United States marching song about the abolitionist John Brown."
}
] |
John Brown's Body has multiple claims of authorship.
| 1 | 3 |
John Brown's Body
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872."
}
] |
eCGQ3QyP7Ozjc8n5yTPS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "He was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha styled under the Kamehameha name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kamehameha V: Lot Kapuāiwa. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "Kamehameha V surprised the supporters of bill, saying \"I will never sign the death warrant of my people."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "Before his death Kamehameha V stated The throne belongs to Lunalilo; I will not appoint him, because I consider him unworthy of the position."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "His sister and only named Heir Apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria Kamāmalu had died childless in 1866 and through the remainder of his reign, Kamehameha V did not name a successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Some speculate that the sixteen year-old Kamehameha V or his seventeen-year-old brother Moses Kekūāiwa was the father of Abigail's daughter Keanolani, who left living descendants."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "The constitution, in case I make no nomination, provides for the election of the next King; let it be so.\" With no heir at his death, the next monarch would be elected by the legislature."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He founded the Royal Order of Kamehameha I society and the Royal Order of Kamehameha"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The change was made shortly before the death of Prince Albert Kamehameha, the only son of Kamehameha IV."
}
] |
Kamehameha V was the fourth monarch of Hawai'i.
| 4 | 4 |
Kamehameha V
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Over the next few years, Einstein's and Marić's friendship developed into romance, and they read books together on extra-curricular physics in which Einstein was taking an increasing interest."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Einstein's future wife, a 20-year-old Serbian woman Mileva Marić, also enrolled at the polytechnic school that year."
}
] |
eCJNPXn3erpMZdeLRzwO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1933: Immigration to the US | Resident scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study",
"text": "Einstein was still undecided on his future."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "While lodging with the family of professor Jost Winteler, he fell in love with Winteler's daughter, Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Einstein's future wife, a 20-year-old Serbian woman Mileva Marić, also enrolled at the polytechnic school that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1933: Immigration to the US | Resident scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study",
"text": "The two would take long walks together discussing their work."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Marriages and children",
"text": "He wrote in 1910, while his wife was pregnant with their second child: \"I think of you in heartfelt love every spare minute and am so unhappy as only a man can be.\" He spoke about a \"misguided love\" and a \"missed life\" regarding his love for Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Personal life | Love of music",
"text": "What struck the examiner, writes Botstein, was that Einstein \"displayed a deep love of the music, a quality that was and remains in short supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "The twelve-year-old Einstein taught himself algebra and Euclidean geometry over a single summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1930–1931: Travel to the US",
"text": "They had an instant rapport, with Chaplin inviting Einstein and his wife, Elsa, to his home for dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1933: Immigration to the US | Resident scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study",
"text": "Einstein's affiliation with the Institute for Advanced Study would last until his death in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Marriages and children",
"text": "In May 1904, their son Hans Albert Einstein was born in Bern, Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Over the next few years, Einstein's and Marić's friendship developed into romance, and they read books together on extra-curricular physics in which Einstein was taking an increasing interest."
}
] |
Albert Einstein fell in love with his future wife while they studied algebra together.
| 0 | 0 |
Albert Einstein
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacques Offenbach (, also US: , French: [ʒak ɔfɛnbak], German: [ˈʔɔfn̩bax] (listen); 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-born French composer, cellist and impresario of the Romantic period."
}
] |
eCPtWl0r8ZtNhhkMHnTL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "By contrast, Jacques was bored by academic study and left after a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "Both brothers adopted French forms of their names, Julius becoming Jules and Jacob becoming Jacques."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacques Offenbach (, also US: , French: [ʒak ɔfɛnbak], German: [ˈʔɔfn̩bax] (listen); 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-born French composer, cellist and impresario of the Romantic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 14, he was accepted as a student at the Paris Conservatoire but found academic study unfulfilling and left after a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Salle Choiseul",
"text": "An earlier biographer, André Martinet, wrote, \"Jacques spent money without counting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Offenbach became associated with the Second French Empire of Napoleon III; the emperor and his court were genially satirised in many of Offenbach's operettas."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operettas",
"text": "Harding comments that he \"wrought much violence on the French language\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Napoleon III personally granted him French citizenship and the Légion d'Honneur."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later 1860s",
"text": "Since her early success in his short operas, she had become a leading star of the French musical stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Other works",
"text": "Offenbach composed more than 50 non-operatic songs between 1838 and 1854, most of them to French texts, by authors including Alfred de Musset, Théophile Gautier and Jean de La Fontaine, and also ten to German texts."
}
] |
Jacques Offenbach was a French violinist and academic.
| 1 | 1 |
Jacques Offenbach
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | American relations with Great Britain and France",
"text": "Under the administrations of George Washington and John Adams, a vigorous trade with France was maintained while both administrations engaged in an undeclared war with France."
}
] |
eCZLacf24P88j36NS2qu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "Two New Hampshire counties and one Vermont county each sent a delegate, bringing the total to 26."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Opposition to the War of 1812",
"text": "Even though this had not been one of the original grievances that led to the call for the convention, Federalists presented this as further proof that the Democratic-Republicans intended to bring military despotism into the nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "His report delivered three days later called for resistance of any British invasion, criticized the leadership that had brought the nation close to disaster, and called for a convention of New England states to deal with both their common grievances and common defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "In response to the war crisis, Massachusetts Governor Strong called the newly elected General Court to a special session on October 5, 1814."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "New Hampshire's legislature was not in session and its Federalist governor, John Gilman, refused to call it back into session."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "The stated purpose of the convention was to propose constitutional amendments to protect their section's interests and to make arrangements with the Federal government for their own military defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "Otis' report was passed by the state senate on October 12 by a 22 to 12 vote and the house on October 16 by 260 to 20.A letter was sent to the other New England governors, inviting them to send delegates to a convention in Hartford, Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "In Connecticut, the legislature denounced Madison's \"odious and disastrous war\", voiced concern about plans to implement a national draft, and selected seven delegates led by Chauncey Goodrich and James Hillhouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Convention report",
"text": "These attempted to combat the policies of the ruling Democratic-Republicans by: Prohibiting any trade embargo lasting over 60 days; Requiring a two-thirds Congressional majority for declaration of offensive war, admission of a new state, or interdiction of foreign commerce; Removing the three-fifths representation advantage of the South; Limiting future presidents to one term; Requiring each president to be from a different state than his predecessor. (This provision was aimed directly at the dominance of Virginia in the presidency since 1800)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Secession",
"text": "she is yet swimming\". Secession was again mentioned in 1814–1815; all but one leading Federalist newspaper in New England supported a plan to expel the western states from the Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | American relations with Great Britain and France",
"text": "Under the administrations of George Washington and John Adams, a vigorous trade with France was maintained while both administrations engaged in an undeclared war with France."
}
] |
The convention was called to speak on a war with Spain with the U.S.
| 0 | 1 |
Hartford Convention
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Peace of Utrecht",
"text": "As a result, neither Austria nor the Empire signed the Treaty of Utrecht of 11 April 1713 between France and the other Allies; Spain made peace with the Dutch in June, then Savoy and Britain on 13 July 1713."
}
] |
eCgNjAri5GeyYm17PcHi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Peace of Utrecht",
"text": "This showed the French retained their fighting ability, while the Dutch finally reached the end of their willingness and ability to continue the war."
},
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Peace of Utrecht",
"text": "As a result, neither Austria nor the Empire signed the Treaty of Utrecht of 11 April 1713 between France and the other Allies; Spain made peace with the Dutch in June, then Savoy and Britain on 13 July 1713."
},
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Peace of Utrecht",
"text": "These orders caused fury then and later, with Whigs urging Hanoverian military intervention; those George considered responsible, including Ormonde and Bolingbroke were driven into exile after his succession, and became prominent Jacobites."
},
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Diplomacy",
"text": "France viewed the Dutch as the most likely to favour a quick end to the war; Ramillies removed any direct military threat to the Republic, while highlighting differences with Britain on the Spanish Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to war",
"text": "Its provisions included securing the Dutch Barrier in the Spanish Netherlands, the Protestant succession in England and Scotland and an independent Spain but did not refer to placing Archduke Charles on the Spanish throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "France accepted the Protestant succession, ensuring a smooth inheritance by George I in August 1714, while agreeing to end support for the Stuarts in the 1716 Anglo-French Treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) was a major European war of the early 18th century, triggered by the death in November 1700 of the childless King Charles II of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Concern over the expansion of British trade post-Utrecht, and the advantage provided over its rivals, was viewed by his successors as a threat to the balance of power, and a major factor behind French participation in the 1740 to 1748 War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Peace of Utrecht",
"text": "First, the French presented proposals awarding the Spanish Netherlands to Max Emmanuel of Bavaria and a minimal Barrier, leaving the Dutch with little to show for their huge investment of money and men."
},
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Peace of Utrecht",
"text": "Within weeks of the conference opening, events threatened the basis of the peace agreed between Britain and France."
}
] |
The War of Spanish Succession ended because of the Peace of Utrecht.
| 0 | 0 |
War of the Spanish Succession
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Teddy Ballgame\", \"The Kid\", \"The Splendid Splinter\", and \"The Thumper\", Williams is regarded as one of the greatest hitters in baseball history."
}
] |
eD2HKnTL7dDuPNSPMcEy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1936–1938)",
"text": "Orlando still called Williams \"The Kid\" 20 years later, and the nickname stuck with Williams the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1936–1938)",
"text": "Also during spring training Williams was nicknamed"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1936–1938)",
"text": "While in the Millers training camp for the springtime, Williams met Rogers Hornsby, who had hit over .400 three times, including a .424 average in 1924,."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1941, Williams posted a .406 batting average; he is the last MLB player to bat over .400 in a season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Williams batted .356 in 320 at bats on the season, lacking enough at bats to win the batting title over Al Kaline, who batted .340."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Teddy Ballgame\", \"The Kid\", \"The Splendid Splinter\", and \"The Thumper\", Williams is regarded as one of the greatest hitters in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Unlike many other major league players, he did not spend all of his war-time playing on service teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1939–1940",
"text": "Even though there was not a Rookie of the Year award yet in 1939, Babe Ruth declared Williams to be the Rookie of the Year, which Williams later said was \"good enough for me\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "Like many great players, Williams became impatient with ordinary athletes' abilities and attitudes, particularly those of pitchers, whom he admitted he never respected."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "In 1970 he wrote a book on the subject, The Science of Hitting (revised 1986), which is still read by many baseball players."
}
] |
Williams had many nicknames over the years of his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Williams
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2007, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility with 98.53% of votes, the sixth-highest election percentage ever."
}
] |
eDOxkVuWHDgmD9sRe1Fy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2007, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility with 98.53% of votes, the sixth-highest election percentage ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Both Hall of Fame-Elects were formally inducted on July 29, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and records | Records and honors",
"text": "2001: Uniform #8 retired by the Baltimore Orioles 2007: Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by 98.53% of voters, the highest percentage of votes ever for a position player, as well as third-highest overall."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and records | Records and honors",
"text": "2007 : Inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 29 with the San Diego Padres' great Tony Gwynn in front of a record crowd of 75,000 people Most consecutive games played with 2,632 Most consecutive innings played with 8,243"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The others are Garvin and Granny Hamner for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1945; the twins Eddie and Johnny O'Brien with the Pittsburgh Pirates in the mid-1950s, and Frank and Milt Bolling for the Detroit Tigers in 1958.On January 9, 2007, Ripken was elected to the Hall of Fame, appearing on 537 out of 545 of the ballots cast (98.53%), eight votes short of a unanimous selection."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "\" A Shortstop in China\" premiered on the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network on May 8, 2009, chronicling Ripken's trip to China to share the game of baseball with youth and coaches while nurturing American-Chinese diplomacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and records | Records and honors",
"text": "1995: Broke Lou Gehrig's consecutive games streak 1999: Ranked #78 on The Sporting News' list of the \"100 Greatest Baseball Players\" 1999: Elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Ripken started at third base and played all 33 innings against the Pawtucket Red Sox (which featured another future Hall of Famer, Wade Boggs) in a game that took parts of three days to complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1987–1990",
"text": "Ron Washington replaced him in the eighth inning, ending Ripken's streak of 8,243 consecutive innings played."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He transferred to Indian River Community College and was drafted in the 15th round of the Major League Baseball's 2014 amateur draft by the Washington Nationals."
}
] |
In 2009, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
| 1 | 3 |
Cal Ripken Jr.
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "Modern critics of the poem emphasize its many historical inaccuracies."
}
] |
eDQvf9o2dnUzqJAQz9LU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Other historians have since stressed Revere's importance, including David Hackett Fischer in his book Paul Revere's Ride (1995), a scholarly study of Revere's role in the opening of the Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Paul Revere's Ride\" (1860) is a poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that commemorates the actions of American patriot Paul Revere on April 18, 1775, although with significant inaccuracies."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Longfellow's poem is not historically accurate but his \"mistakes\" were deliberate."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Tis all very well for the children to hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere; But why should my name be quite forgot,"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Upon Revere's death in 1818, for example, his obituary did not mention his midnight ride but instead focused on his business sense and his many friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Though he admitted the book made little impact, it was written for his best friend, Charles Sumner, an activist abolitionist politician with whom he would continue to share common cause on the issues of slavery and the Union. \" Paul Revere's Ride\" was published in the January 1861, issue of The Atlantic magazine on December 20, 1860, just as South Carolina became the first state to secede from the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "Modern critics of the poem emphasize its many historical inaccuracies."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Revere rides his horse through Medford, Lexington, and Concord to warn the patriots."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "His maternal grandfather, Peleg Wadsworth, was Revere's commander on the Penobscot Expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "The majority of criticism, however, notes that Longfellow gave sole credit to Revere for the collective achievements of three riders (as well as other riders, whose names do not survive to history)."
}
] |
Paul Revere's Ride has been criticized for being accurate.
| 0 | 1 |
Paul Revere's Ride
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He initially agreed with Radical Republican views on Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach to civil rights enforcement for freedmen."
}
] |
eDgDt0ULj6PZoPTOIu55
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1880 | Campaign against Hancock",
"text": "Hancock made the situation worse when, attempting to strike a moderate stance, he said, \"The tariff question is a local question."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He initially agreed with Radical Republican views on Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach to civil rights enforcement for freedmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Reconstruction",
"text": "By April, Garfield had concluded that Johnson was either \"crazy or drunk with opium.\" The conflict between the branches of government was the major issue of the 1866 campaign, with Johnson taking to the campaign trail in a Swing Around the Circle and Garfield"
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Reconstruction",
"text": "In 1871, Garfield opposed passage of the Ku Klux Klan Act, saying, \"I have never been more perplexed by a piece of legislation."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Election in 1862; Civil War years",
"text": "Garfield voted with the Radical Republicans in passing the Wade–Davis Bill, designed to give Congress more authority over Reconstruction, but it was defeated by Lincoln's pocket veto."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Crédit Mobilier scandal; Salary Grab",
"text": "Greeley had little luck taking advantage of the scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Treatment and death",
"text": "\" Well, Doctor, we'll take that chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 1880 Republican National Convention, delegates chose Garfield, who had not sought the White House, as a compromise presidential nominee on the 36th ballot."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Buell's command",
"text": "During this period of idleness, a rumor of an extramarital affair caused friction in the Garfields' marriage until Lucretia eventually chose to overlook it."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional career | Election in 1862; Civil War years",
"text": "Garfield attended the party convention and promoted Rosecrans as Lincoln's running mate, but delegates chose Military Governor of Tennessee Andrew Johnson."
}
] |
James Garfield chose to take a more moderate stance in Reconstruction.
| 0 | 0 |
James A. Garfield
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The negotiation process was lengthy and complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Talks took place in two different cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control."
}
] |
eEGEZVRoSEe04ZckWCDz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "The main peace negotiations took place in Westphalia, in the neighboring cities of Münster and Osnabrück."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "In Münster, negotiations took place between the Holy Roman Empire and France, as well as between the Dutch Republic and Spain who on 30 January 1648 signed a peace treaty, that was not part of the Peace of Westphalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Talks took place in two different cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "Both cities were maintained as neutral and demilitarized zones for the negotiations."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nevertheless, the Peace of Westphalia did settle many outstanding European issues of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "Peace negotiations between France and the Habsburgs began in Cologne in 1641."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "The Holy Roman Empire and Sweden declared that the preparations of Cologne and the Treaty of Hamburg were preliminaries of an overall peace agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Westphalian sovereignty",
"text": "Although scholars have challenged the association with the Peace of Westphalia, the debate is still structured around the concept of Westphalian sovereignty."
},
{
"section_header": "Results | Tenets",
"text": "The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia were: All parties would recognise the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, in which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state (the principle of cuius regio, eius religio)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The negotiation process was lengthy and complex."
}
] |
The Peace of Westphalia deliberations took place in a neutral location that was not in either territory.
| 1 | 3 |
Peace of Westphalia
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
}
] |
eESpnBGlmIQUEDLu84YZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "He claims that the Lewistown residents who strove to identify the poems' characters with real people did so only \"with poor success.\" More recently, Lewistown celebrated its relationship to Masters' poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "By the time Masters wrote the poems that would become Spoon River Anthology, he had already published some poetry, with some success; these prior poems, however, were more conventional in style and subject matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "They brought them dead sons from the war,"
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "One time at Springfield. Each following poem is an autobiographical epitaph of a dead citizen, delivered by the dead themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "Meanwhile, those who lived in the Spoon River region objected to their portrayal in the anthology, particularly as so many of the poems' characters were based on real people."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Many of the characters who make appearances in Spoon River Anthology were based on real people that Masters knew or heard of in the two towns in which he grew up, Petersburg and Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "The people whose faces look out from the pages of the book are the people of life itself, each trait of them as plain or as mysterious as in the old home valley where the writer came from."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "\"Masters capitalized on the success of The Spoon River Anthology with a 1924 sequel, The New Spoon River, in which Spoon River became a suburb of Chicago and its inhabitants have been urbanized."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Songwriter Michael Peter Smith's song \"Spoon River\" is loosely based on Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2011 \"Spoon River Anthology\" was adapted by Tom Andolora into a theatre production with music, called The Spoon River Project."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
}
] |
Spoon River is a poetry compilation about dead people.
| 0 | 1 |
Spoon River Anthology
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Budgetary issues",
"text": "The Government Accountability Office and other analysts have estimated that the city's high percentage of tax-exempt property and the Congressional prohibition of commuter taxes create a structural deficit in the District's local budget of anywhere between $470 million and over $1 billion per year."
}
] |
eEl7gMdhbiWqdHAYzV2t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Voting rights debate",
"text": "In the financial year 2012, D.C. residents and businesses paid $20.7 billion in federal taxes; more than the taxes collected from 19 states and the highest federal taxes per capita."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Budgetary issues",
"text": "The Government Accountability Office and other analysts have estimated that the city's high percentage of tax-exempt property and the Congressional prohibition of commuter taxes create a structural deficit in the District's local budget of anywhere between $470 million and over $1 billion per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Half of residents had at least a four-year college degree in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "The city also operates its own DC Circulator bus system, which connects commercial areas within central Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "However, at 34 years old, the District had the lowest median age compared to the 50 states."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "Due to the freeway revolts of the 1960s, much of the proposed interstate highway system through the middle of Washington was never built."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "In the 2010–11 school year, 46,191 students were enrolled in the public school system."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Due to the perceived problems with the traditional public school system, enrollment in public charter schools has steadily increased."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "An expected 32% increase in transit usage within the District by 2030 has spurred the construction of a new DC Streetcar system to interconnect the city's neighborhoods."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Mayor Adrian Fenty's administration made sweeping changes to the system by closing schools, replacing teachers, firing principals, and using private education firms to aid curriculum development."
}
] |
Washington D.C., due to clever use of tax systems, isn't in the red and 'losing' between a half and a full billion dollars every year compared to what it raises.
| 0 | 0 |
Washington, D.C.
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In physics, refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium."
}
] |
eGOKPAVN7rIvD1wiNbiZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In physics, refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium."
},
{
"section_header": "Light | General explanation | Explanation for bending of light as it enters and exits a medium",
"text": ", i.e. having its wavefronts parallel to the boundary, will not change direction even if the speed of the wave changes."
},
{
"section_header": "Light | General explanation | Explanation for bending of light as it enters and exits a medium",
"text": "Since the magnitude of the wave vector depend on the wave speed this requires a change in direction of the wave vector."
},
{
"section_header": "Light | Atmospheric refraction",
"text": "Most commonly, air heated by a hot road on a sunny day deflects light approaching at a shallow angle towards a viewer."
},
{
"section_header": "Light | General explanation",
"text": "The resulting \"combined\" wave has wave packets that pass an observer at a slower rate."
},
{
"section_header": "Light | Refraction in a water surface",
"text": "But, as the angle of incidence approaches 90o, the apparent depth approaches zero, albeit reflection increases, which limits observation at high angles of incidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Light | General explanation | Explanation for slowing of light in a medium",
"text": "Explanations like these would cause a \"blurring\" effect in the resulting light, as it would no longer be travelling in just one direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Light | General explanation",
"text": "This asymmetrical slowing of the light causes it to change the angle of its travel."
}
] |
Refraction is most commonly observed with light and is the change of direction.
| 0 | 0 |
Refraction
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Demosthenes (; Greek: Δημοσθένης, romanized: Dēmosthénēs; Attic Greek: [dɛːmosˈtʰenɛːs]; 384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens."
}
] |
eGPoP6xnKM1rtbPxmkk4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years and personal life | Education",
"text": "According to Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philologist and philosopher, and Constantine Paparrigopoulos, a major modern Greek historian, Demosthenes was a student of Isocrates; according to Cicero, Quintillian and the Roman biographer Hermippus, he was a student of Plato."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years and personal life | Education",
"text": "Lucian, a Roman-Syrian rhetorician and satirist, lists the philosophers Aristotle, Theophrastus and Xenocrates among his teachers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Demosthenes (; Greek: Δημοσθένης, romanized: Dēmosthénēs; Attic Greek: [dɛːmosˈtʰenɛːs]; 384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last political initiatives and death | Confrontation with Alexander",
"text": "According to ancient writers, Demosthenes called Alexander \"Margites\" (Greek: Μαργίτης) and a boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "On the other hand, Polybius, a Greek historian of the Mediterranean world, was highly critical of Demosthenes' policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "According to this critique, Demosthenes should have understood that the ancient Greek states could only survive unified under the leadership of Macedon."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "Chris Carey, a professor of Greek in UCL, concludes that Demosthenes was a better orator and political operator than strategist."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "The historian maintains that Demosthenes measured everything by the interests of his own city, imagining that all the Greeks ought to have their eyes fixed upon Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Oratorical skill",
"text": "According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, Demosthenes represented the final stage in the development of Attic prose."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years and personal life | Education",
"text": "Konstantinos Tsatsos, a Greek professor and academician, believes that Isaeus helped Demosthenes edit his initial judicial orations against his guardians."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators."
}
] |
Demosthenes was a Greek philosopher.
| 0 | 0 |
Demosthenes
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "On September 21, 2001, 10 days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, Mike Piazza hit a home run in the first professional sporting event in New York City since the attacks, giving the Mets a 3–2 lead over the Braves."
}
] |
eHPLOfLXYRAa0t7zeVHe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "He led the majors with four grand slams in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "He tied a Mets club record on July 18, 2000, when he hit his third grand slam of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "The only other Mets with three grand slams in a year are John Milner in 1976, Robin Ventura in 1999, and Carlos Beltrán in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "On July 21, 2006, Mike Piazza collected his 2,000th career hit in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Los Angeles Dodgers",
"text": "He drew a walk in his first plate appearance and then doubled to deep center field in his first official at-bat, against Mike Harkey of the Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "His fourth slam and first as a Met came against the Diamondbacks' Andy Benes in the second inning of the August 22 game at Shea Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "On September 21, 2001, 10 days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, Mike Piazza hit a home run in the first professional sporting event in New York City since the attacks, giving the Mets a 3–2 lead over the Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "On September 21, 1997, Mike Piazza became just the third player and the only Dodger ever to hit a ball out of Dodger Stadium with a blast over the left-field pavilion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career highlights and milestones",
"text": "Mike currently serves as the hitting coach for the Italian baseball club in the World Baseball Classic and in the 2009 World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Mets teammate Tom Glavine called Piazza a \"first-ballot Hall of Famer, certainly the best hitting catcher of our era and arguably the best hitting catcher of all time\"."
}
] |
Mike Piazza hit the first grand slam after 9/11.
| 0 | 6 |
Mike Piazza
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She is the inspiration of the song \"Perfect\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They announced their engagement in January 2018 and were married in January a year later."
}
] |
eHh2EQASkQcm906BZHWI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She is the inspiration of Sheeran's song \"Thinking Out Loud\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She is the inspiration of the song \"Perfect\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plagiarism accusations and lawsuits",
"text": "US District Judge Louis Stanton rejected Sheeran's call for a legal case accusing him of copying parts of the song in “Thinking Out Loud“ to be dismissed in January 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2011–2013: + and international success",
"text": "\"Shake It Out\" for Best Song Musically and Lyrically."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2014–2015: ×",
"text": "Sonically, the song is a departure from Sheeran's previous recordings."
},
{
"section_header": "Plagiarism accusations and lawsuits",
"text": "Also in 2017, Sheeran settled out of court over claims his song \"Photograph\" was a \"note-for-note\" copy of the chorus in the song"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Since July 2015, Sheeran has been in a relationship with childhood friend and former high school classmate Cherry Seaborn."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nesbitt is the subject of Sheeran's songs \"Nina\" and \"Photograph\", while most of Nesbitt's album, Peroxide, is about Sheeran."
},
{
"section_header": "Plagiarism accusations and lawsuits",
"text": "In 2017, the team behind TLC's song \"No Scrubs\" were given writing credits on Sheeran's hit song \"Shape of You\" after fans and critics found similarities between elements of the two songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "During his childhood his father took him to live concerts that would inspire his musical creations."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They announced their engagement in January 2018 and were married in January a year later."
}
] |
Sheeran's wife, Cherry, is the inspiration for the song "Thinking Out Loud".
| 0 | 1 |
Ed Sheeran
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a fairground in rural Northern Ireland, a Provisional IRA volunteer named Fergus and a unit of other IRA members, led by a man named Maguire, kidnap a black British soldier named Jody after a female member of their unit, Jude, lures Jody to a secluded area with the promise of sex."
}
] |
eIMMQrQBThyFKbG7qgie
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Boy George"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"The Crying Game\" – Dave Berry"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The Crying Game received worldwide acclaim from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film went on to success around the world, including re-releases in Britain and Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Crying Game was placed on over 50 critics' ten-best lists in 1992, based on a poll of 106 film critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Rea later said, \"'If Jaye hadn't been a completely convincing woman, my character would have looked stupid'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The soundtrack to the film, The Crying Game: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, released on 23 February 1993, was produced by Anne Dudley and Pet Shop Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The original draft had the character Dil as a cisgender woman, but Jordan had the idea to make the character a transgender woman at the premiere of his film The Miracle at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival in 1991.Jordan sought to begin production of the film in the early 1990s, but found it difficult to secure financing."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The film has a 94% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 66 reviews with the consensus: \"The Crying Game is famous for its shocking twist, but this thoughtful, haunting mystery grips the viewer from start to finish."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying Game is a 1992 thriller film written and directed by Neil Jordan, produced by Stephen Woolley, and starring Stephen Rea, Miranda Richardson, Jaye Davidson, Adrian Dunbar, and Forest Whitaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At a fairground in rural Northern Ireland, a Provisional IRA volunteer named Fergus and a unit of other IRA members, led by a man named Maguire, kidnap a black British soldier named Jody after a female member of their unit, Jude, lures Jody to a secluded area with the promise of sex."
}
] |
In the movie The Crying Game, the character Jody is from Britain.
| 0 | 0 |
The Crying Game
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thirty-seven-year-old Loretta Castorini, an Italian-American widow, works as a bookkeeper and lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York, with her family: father Cosmo; mother Rose; and paternal grandfather."
}
] |
eIgGA0jsi2K4CfC076G7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Now Raymond and Rita arrive, concerned that Loretta had not deposited the previous day's takings at the bank, and are relieved to learn that she merely forgot and still has the money."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "Anita Gillette as Mona Moonstruck was a major critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Moonstruck was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the romantic comedy genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moonstruck is a 1987 American romantic comedy film directed by Norman Jewison and written by John Patrick Shanley."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "According to Gene Siskel, writing for the Chicago Tribune: \"Moonstruck, which is being sold as a romance but actually is one of the funniest pictures to come out in quite some time."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "The film holds an approval rating of 93% on Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's consensus reading, \"Led by energetic performances from Nicolas Cage and Cher, Moonstruck is an exuberantly funny tribute to love and one of the decade's most appealing comedies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thirty-seven-year-old Loretta Castorini, an Italian-American widow, works as a bookkeeper and lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York, with her family: father Cosmo; mother Rose; and paternal grandfather."
}
] |
Moonstruck takes place in Los Angeles.
| 0 | 0 |
Moonstruck
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He left no detailed plan for the remaining instalments, or solution to the novel's mystery, and many later adaptations and continuations by other writers have attempted to complete the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With Dickens' death on 9 June 1870"
}
] |
eIo7dFmnSM6BCpv6PWXt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "Following almost immediately upon Charles Dickens's death, playwrights and theatre companies have mounted versions of The Mystery of Edwin Drood with varying degrees of popularity, success, and faithfulness to the original work."
},
{
"section_header": "Continuations",
"text": "In this ending, Edwin Drood survives Jasper's murder attempt."
},
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "Edwin Drood is the name of the protagonist in the novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Continuations",
"text": "The Decoding of Edwin Drood (1980) by Charles Forsyte and The Mystery of Edwin Drood by David Madden (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "Harry Biscuit, Bin's best friend, enraged by Bin's theft of his novel and under demonic possession from the Pen of Penrith, kills Dickens with a bust of him and eats the ending of Edwin Drood."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "To date, there have been four film adaptations of The Mystery of Edwin Drood."
},
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "The 1999 novel Disgrace by J. M. Coetzee references Edwin Drood as the novel that Lucy reads before the crime on her farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He left no detailed plan for the remaining instalments, or solution to the novel's mystery, and many later adaptations and continuations by other writers have attempted to complete the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"What should you think of the idea of a story beginning in this way?—Two people, boy and girl, or very young, going apart from one another, pledged to be married after many years—at the end of the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With Dickens' death on 9 June 1870"
}
] |
The Mystery of Edwin Drood is a popular novel with many endings.
| 0 | 0 |
The Mystery of Edwin Drood
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology and related terms",
"text": "The word glacier is a loanword from French and goes back, via Franco-Provençal, to the Vulgar Latin glaciārium, derived from the Late Latin glacia, and ultimately Latin glaciēs, meaning \"ice\"."
}
] |
eJ344x1O1IAuH82iLqTc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Glacial geology | Moraines",
"text": "The term moraine is of French origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and related terms",
"text": "Glaciers are important components of the global cryosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and related terms",
"text": "The processes and features caused by or related to glaciers are referred to as glacial."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and related terms",
"text": "The process of glacier establishment, growth and flow is called glaciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and related terms",
"text": "The word glacier is a loanword from French and goes back, via Franco-Provençal, to the Vulgar Latin glaciārium, derived from the Late Latin glacia, and ultimately Latin glaciēs, meaning \"ice\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and related terms",
"text": "The corresponding area of study is called glaciology."
},
{
"section_header": "Glacial geology | Moraines",
"text": "In modern geology, the term is used more broadly and is applied to a series of formations, all of which are composed of till."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by size, shape and behavior",
"text": "A large body of glacial ice astride a mountain, mountain range, or volcano is termed an ice cap or ice field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since glacial mass is affected by long-term climatic changes, e.g., precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change and are a major source of variations in sea level."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by size, shape and behavior",
"text": "A glacier that fills a valley is called a valley glacier, or alternatively an alpine glacier or mountain glacier."
}
] |
The term Glacier comes from the Greek "glacies".
| 0 | 0 |
Glacier
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "This tactic of threatening to hold out served him well during throughout his career, including during the World War I era, when he raised and sold mules to the United States Army as pack animals."
}
] |
eJa52JEnVA7e5s31iTe7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Each time Wheat held out, he received more money, the club not wanting to lose one of its best hitters and the team's most popular player."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Wheat hit .320 or higher every season from 1920 through 1925, topping out with .375 in consecutive seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "It was during that 1909 season that the Brooklyn Superbas of the National League purchased Wheat for $1200, and he made his major league debut in September."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In an era when players rarely hit double-digit home runs for a season, five was enough for people to take notice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "It was during the 1912 season that Wheat married Daisy Kerr Forsman, and she became his default agent, encouraging him to hold out for a better contract each season."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "After Wheat retired from baseball, he moved back to his 160-acre (0.65 km2) farm in Polo, Missouri, until the Great Depression forced him to sell it in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zachariah Davis \"Zack\" Wheat (May 23, 1888 – March 11, 1972), nicknamed \"Buck\", was a Major League Baseball left fielder for Brooklyn in the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "As it turned out, Wheat never again managed in the majors, much to his disappointment."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He failed to lead the league in hitting those two seasons, not getting enough at bats in 1923 to qualify, and Hornsby topped the league with .384, and in 1924, his .375 was a distant second to Hornsby's .424.A"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Moreover, Wheat's 1925 managerial stint never made it into the official records."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "This tactic of threatening to hold out served him well during throughout his career, including during the World War I era, when he raised and sold mules to the United States Army as pack animals."
}
] |
Zack Wheat almost sat out a season because he made enough money selling donkeys to the U.S. military.
| 1 | 1 |
Zack Wheat
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anna finds and awakens the gigantic Earth spirits and lures them towards the dam."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anna receives Elsa's message and concludes that the dam must be destroyed for peace to be restored."
}
] |
eJewrT8XKbcZSzuYGJt7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The giants hurl boulders aimed at Anna which destroy the dam, sending a flood down the fjord towards the kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anna receives Elsa's message and concludes that the dam must be destroyed for peace to be restored."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" Nell Minow of RogerEbert.com gave the film a 3.5 out of 4 stars and said: \"Frozen II has an autumnal palette, with russet and gold setting the stage for an unexpectedly elegiac tone in the follow-up to one of Disney's most beloved animated features."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Kristen Bell as Anna, Princess of Arendelle, and Elsa's younger sisterHadley Gannaway and Livvy Stubenrauch (archived sound) as Young Anna Idina Menzel as Elsa, Queen of Arendelle and Anna's elder sister who possesses magical ice powersMattea Conforti and Eva Bella (archived sound) as Young Elsa"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anna finds and awakens the gigantic Earth spirits and lures them towards the dam."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave a positive review of the film, saying, \"Frozen 2 has everything you would expect—catchy new songs, more time with easy-to-like characters, striking backdrops, cute little jokes, a voyage of discovery plot and female empowerment galore—except the unexpected.\" Simran Hans of The Guardian gave the film a four out of five stars and said, \"The sisters try to heal the sins of the past in a moving follow-up that touches on climate change and has at least one great song.\" Kristen Page-Kirby of The Washington Post gave the film a two out of four stars and wrote, \"Yes, Frozen II is a letdown when compared with the original."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set three years after the events of the first film, the story follows Elsa, Anna, Kristoff, Olaf, and Sven, who embark on a journey beyond their kingdom of Arendelle in order to discover the origin of Elsa's magical powers and save their kingdom after a mysterious voice calls out to Elsa."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Young Agnarr barely escapes due to the help of an unknown savior."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A–\" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an average 4.5 out of 5 stars, with 71% saying they would definitely recommend it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kristen Bell, Idina Menzel, Josh Gad, Jonathan Groff, and Ciarán Hinds reprised their roles, while they are joined by newcomers Sterling K. Brown, Evan Rachel Wood, Alfred Molina, Martha Plimpton, Jason Ritter, Rachel Matthews, and Jeremy Sisto."
}
] |
Froze II stars Kristen Bell as Anna who sets out to destroy a dam with the help of giants.
| 0 | 0 |
Frozen II
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His story won the grand prize and was published in three installments, beginning in June 1843."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Poe won the grand prize; in addition to winning $100, the story was published in two installments on June 21 and June 28, 1843, in the newspaper."
}
] |
eKIbgO1a6rkQIVuIk5Q5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It won three Daytime Emmy Awards: 1) Outstanding Children's Anthology/Dramatic Programming, Linda Gottlieb (executive producer), Doro Bachrach (producer); 2) Outstanding Individual Achievement in Children's Programming, Steve Atha (makeup and hair designer); and, 3) Outstanding Individual Achievement in Children's Programming, Alex Thomson (cinematographer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His story won the grand prize and was published in three installments, beginning in June 1843."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "His $100 payment from the newspaper may have been the most he was paid for a single work."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The frame work was well enough, but wanted filling up\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The story is altered to have Poe's character Dupin working alongside the player to solve the mystery, and is the fourth installment in the developer's Dark Tales games based on the works of Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Poe won the grand prize; in addition to winning $100, the story was published in two installments on June 21 and June 28, 1843, in the newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. \" The Gold-Bug\" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Baudelaire was very influential in introducing Poe's work to Europe and his translations became the definitive renditions throughout the continent."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In film and television, an adaptation of the work appeared on Your Favorite Story on February 1, 1953 (Season 1, Episode 4)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A later adaptation of the work appeared on ABC Weekend Special on February 2, 1980 (Season 3, Episode 7)."
}
] |
Poe won an award for the work in The Gold Bug.
| 0 | 0 |
The Gold Bug
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "Day-Lewis played Abraham Lincoln in Steven Spielberg's film Lincoln (2012)."
}
] |
eKJBOOyRdXbkGhYzMAE4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "In 1996, Day-Lewis starred in The Crucible, a film version of the play by Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "Day-Lewis played Abraham Lincoln in Steven Spielberg's film Lincoln (2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "In 1985, Day-Lewis gave his first critically acclaimed performance playing a young gay English man in an interracial relationship with a Pakistani youth in the film"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He made his film debut at the age of 14 in Sunday Bloody Sunday, in which he played a vandal in an uncredited role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Day-Lewis shifted between theatre and film for most of the early 1980s, joining the Royal Shakespeare Company and playing Romeo in Romeo and Juliet and Flute in A Midsummer Night's Dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At one point he played understudy to Pete Postlethwaite, with whom he would later co-star in the film In the Name of the Father (1994).John Hartoch, Day-Lewis' acting teacher at Bristol Old Vic, recalled: There was something about him even then."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1996, while working on the film version of the stage play The Crucible, he visited the home of playwright Arthur Miller, where he was introduced to the writer's daughter, Rebecca Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Day-Lewis starred in the American film"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "After Gangs of New York, Day-Lewis' wife, director Rebecca Miller, offered him the lead role in her film The Ballad of Jack and Rose, in which he played a dying man with regrets over how his life had evolved, and over how he had brought up his teenage daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "It is the first of three Day-Lewis films to appear in the BFI's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century, ranking 50th."
}
] |
Lewis played George Washington in an autobiographical film.
| 0 | 0 |
Daniel Day-Lewis
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Teacher's education",
"text": "Bruckner's father died in 1837, when Bruckner was 13 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Teacher's education",
"text": "The teacher's position and house were given to a successor, and Bruckner was sent to the Augustinian monastery in Sankt Florian to become a choirboy."
}
] |
eKQU99f8nCI8WyIPUZBw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "After Bruckner received his confirmation in 1833, Bruckner's father sent him to another school in Hörsching."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Teacher's education",
"text": "The teacher's position and house were given to a successor, and Bruckner was sent to the Augustinian monastery in Sankt Florian to become a choirboy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Vienna period",
"text": "I felt him press a coin into my hand. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Teacher's education",
"text": "Bruckner's father died in 1837, when Bruckner was 13 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Teacher's education",
"text": "Despite his musical abilities, Bruckner's mother sent her son to a teaching seminar in Linz in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Music was a part of the school curriculum, and Bruckner's father was his first music teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception in the 20th century",
"text": "His plan for one of the bell towers in Linz to play a theme from Bruckner's Fourth Symphony never came to pass."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Secular vocal works",
"text": "As a young man Bruckner sang in men's choirs and wrote music for them."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Bruckner's grandfather was appointed schoolmaster in Ansfelden in 1776; this position was inherited by Bruckner's father, Anton Bruckner Sr., in 1823."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the other hand, Bruckner was greatly admired by subsequent composers, including his friend Gustav Mahler."
}
] |
Bruckner's father passed when he was young and he was sent to become a farm hand.
| 2 | 5 |
Anton Bruckner
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues."
}
] |
eLxFDykC7EXozSVUkFQA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "He pitched a 10-inning no-hitter on July 24, 1909."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the U.S. National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "His next appearance came in relief, where he held the Reds scoreless for 7 innings on just 2 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "In his first start, he allowed just one single, by Miller Huggins in the 9th inning, while striking out nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Career pitching statistics | Pre-league play in the United States",
"text": "Negro league baseball statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference (Negro leagues) The following statistics are from a compilation by Scott Simkus of the 1909 Cuban Stars games against all competition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the first group of players elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "In an article in Baseball Magazine in March 1913, Ira Thomas (a catcher with the Philadelphia Athletics who had visited Havana twice) wrote the following about Méndez: Méndez is a remarkable man."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "The Cincinnati Reds were visiting Havana playing the Cuban League teams, and Méndez completely dominated, pitching 25 consecutive scoreless innings in 3 appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury and recovery: 1914–1928",
"text": "He played with several other teams, including the Chicago American Giants and the Detroit Stars, before finally signing on in 1920 as playing manager with Wilkinson's Kansas City Monarchs in the new Negro National League."
}
] |
Mendez was a left-handed pitcher and manager in baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
José Méndez
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955."
}
] |
eLxn42N2FHowRB2LbWJO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "The Burbank site originally considered by Disney is now home to Walt Disney Animation Studios and ABC Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "While watching them ride the merry-go-round, he came up with the idea of a place where adults and their children could go and have fun together, though his dream lay dormant for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "While people wrote letters to Disney about visiting the Walt Disney Studios, he realized that a functional movie studio had little to offer to visiting fans, and began to foster ideas of building a site near the Burbank studios for tourists to visit."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Transportation",
"text": "The monorail guideway has remained almost exactly the same since 1961, aside from small alterations while Indiana Jones Adventure was being built."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Mickey's Toontown",
"text": "Toontown features two main attractions: Gadget's Go Coaster and Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Live entertainment",
"text": "The ceremony is usually held between 4:00 and 5:00 pm, depending on the entertainment being offered on Main Street, U.S.A., to prevent conflicts with crowds and music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit; however, he soon realized that the proposed site was too small."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1990s",
"text": "Disneyland Park, the Disneyland Hotel, the site of the original parking lot, and acquired surrounding properties were earmarked to become part of the Disneyland Resort."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Closures",
"text": "This was in conjunction with nearby Knott's Berry Farm, which closed on Wednesdays and Thursdays to keep costs down for both parks, while offering Orange County visitors a place to go 7 days a week."
}
] |
Disneyland was originally going to be in Burbank.
| 2 | 5 |
Disneyland
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "The Bostonians was filmed in 1984 by the Merchant Ivory team (director James Ivory, producer Ismail Merchant, writer Ruth Prawer Jhabvala) with Christopher Reeve, Vanessa Redgrave and Madeleine Potter in the three central roles."
}
] |
eMRITr4HtyKbejxymL5X
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "Further, the movie earned other award nominations for costume design and cinematography."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "The Bostonians was filmed in 1984 by the Merchant Ivory team (director James Ivory, producer Ismail Merchant, writer Ruth Prawer Jhabvala) with Christopher Reeve, Vanessa Redgrave and Madeleine Potter in the three central roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "The movie earned mixed reviews, with a 60% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes."
},
{
"section_header": "Film version",
"text": "Vanessa Redgrave's performance received high marks, however, as well as nominations for the 1984 Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Mark Twain vowed that he would rather be damned to John Bunyan's heaven than read the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The Bostonians is allegedly based on the novel \"The Evangelist,\" by Alphonse Daudet."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "F. R. Leavis praised the book as \"one of the two most brilliant novels in the language,\" the other being James's The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "James himself once wrote an observation that The Bostonians had never, \"even to my much-disciplined patience, received any sort of justice."
}
] |
The Bostonians was a book in 1986 and then a movie in 1984.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bostonians
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leaves of Grass is a poetry collection by the American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892)."
}
] |
eMXesBd145nthuJrVXvo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In a preface to the 1946 anthology I Hear the People Singing: Selected Poems of Walt Whitman, Langston Hughes wrote that Whitman's \"all-embracing words lock arms with workers and farmers, Negroes and whites, Asiatics and Europeans, serfs, and free men, beaming democracy to all\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leaves of Grass is a poetry collection by the American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "MusicRalph Vaughan Williams Symphony No.1 'A Sea Symphony', contains text from Leaves of Grass, written between 1903–1909."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "living centuries apart. Originally written at a time of significant urbanization in America, Leaves of Grass responds to the impact urbanization has on the masses."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Episode eight of season five (\"Gliding Over All\", after poem 271 of Leaves of Grass) pulls together many of the series' references to Leaves of Grass, such as the fact that Walter White has the same initials as Walt Whitman (as noted in episode four of season four, \"Bullet Points\", and made more salient in \"Gliding Over All\"), that leads Hank Schrader to realize Walt is Heisenberg."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Numerous reviewers have analyzed and discussed the various connections among Walt Whitman/Leaves of Grass/\"Gliding Over All\", Walt, and the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and controversy",
"text": "\"The World Below the Brine\". When the book was first published, Walt Whitman was fired from his job at the Department of the Interior, after Secretary of the Interior James Harlan read it and said he found it offensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The 1856 edition included the notable Whitman poem \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and controversy",
"text": "Thomas Wentworth Higginson wrote, \"It is no discredit to Walt Whitman that he wrote Leaves of Grass, only that he did not burn it afterwards.\" The Saturday Press printed a thrashing review that advised its author to commit suicide."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "American singer Lana Del Rey references Walt Whitman and Leaves of Grass in her song \"Body Electric\", from her EP Paradise (2012).TelevisionLeaves of Grass plays a prominent role in the American television series Breaking Bad."
}
] |
This is an anthology of poems written by Walt Whitman.
| 0 | 0 |
Leaves of Grass
|
Technology
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing."
}
] |
eMcKMYTSBmKye4wb1rRS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "February 2018: JD.com spins off JD Finance and raises $2.1 billion in a capital raise."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "June 1998: The company was founded as Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd selling magneto-optical in Beijing, China."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Partnership with Ruyi",
"text": "Based on this partnership, JD and Ruyi will jointly establish fashion and lifestyle concept stores in core cities, such as Shanghai and Beijing."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "May 2018: Metcash partnered with JD.Com to sell groceries in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Partnership with Farfetch",
"text": "The Jingdong and Farfetch partnership aims to increase their market share in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is partly owned by Tencent, which has a 20% stake in the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company changed its domain name to 360buy.com in June 2007 and then to JD.com in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "May 2019: company partners with Jiangsu Xinning Modern Logistics in order to automate its logistic services."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded by Liu Qiangdong on June 18, 1998, and its retail platform went online in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "June 2007: began using the domain name 360buy.com, and the company name was changed to Jingdong Mall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing."
}
] |
The main office of the e-commerce company, hJD.com is located in the capital city of China.
| 1 | 8 |
JD.com
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1591, he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London."
}
] |
eMrB2TYNaHmUm2mwoiG4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "1580s",
"text": "This took the form of a reduction in the sum that Sir Walter owed the queen; he received Exchequer tallies but no money."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, Raleigh was again imprisoned in the Tower, this time for being involved in the Main Plot against King James I, who was not favourably disposed towards him."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "Many people claim descent from Sir Walter Raleigh, but nearly all have no basis in fact."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The author George Garrett's historical fiction novel Death of the Fox explores Raleigh's relationships with Elizabeth I and her successor James I."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Protestant Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "On the death of his daughter in Bath in 1783, it was noted that she was ‘the only surviving descendant in the direct line of Sir Walter Raleigh’."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I and was knighted in 1585."
},
{
"section_header": "1580s",
"text": "The Crown (in the person of Queen Elizabeth I) purchased the ship from Raleigh in January 1587 for £5,000 (£1,100,000 as of 2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Poetry | Writing Shakespeare",
"text": "Later, George S. Caldwell asserted that Raleigh was actually the sole author."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial and imprisonment",
"text": "Royal favour with Queen Elizabeth had been restored by this time, but his good fortune did not last; the Queen died on 24 March 1603."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1591, he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London."
}
] |
Sir Walter Raleigh got eloped in the absence of the authorization of Queen Elizabeth I and was put away in a tower because of it.
| 0 | 3 |
Walter Raleigh
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Along with Hudson Bay, many other topographical features and landmarks are named for Hudson."
}
] |
eNCLw2BFwV2eFTKwPCKg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Hudson River in New York and New Jersey is named after him, as are Hudson County, New Jersey, the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Henry Hudson Parkway, and the town of Hudson, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The unbuilt Hendrik Hudson Hotel in New York was also to have been named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1609",
"text": "Hudson sailed into the Upper New York Bay on 11 September, and the following day began a journey up what is now known as the Hudson River."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Along with Hudson Bay, many other topographical features and landmarks are named for Hudson."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expeditions of 1607 and 1608",
"text": "the great bay Hudson later simply named the \"Great Indraught\" (Isfjorden)."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expeditions of 1607 and 1608",
"text": "The following day they entered what Hudson later in the voyage named \"Whales Bay\" (Krossfjorden and Kongsfjorden), naming its northwestern point"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1609, he landed in North America on behalf of the Dutch East India Company and explored the region around the modern New York metropolitan area."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Some sources have identified Henry Hudson as having been born in about 1565, but others date his birth to around 1570."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1609",
"text": "New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island became the capital of New Netherland in 1625."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Mutiny",
"text": "According to Pricket, the leaders of the mutiny were Henry Greene and Robert Juet."
}
] |
The Hudson Bay in New York City is named after Henry.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Hudson
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "The experiments that earned Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus their Nobel prize aimed to identify genes involved in the development of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) embryos."
}
] |
eO7p6dur3kpsXJaCKACS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has four siblings: three sisters and one brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "The experiments that earned Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus their Nobel prize aimed to identify genes involved in the development of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) embryos."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Fruit flies have long been an important model organism in genetics due to their small size and quick generation time, which makes even large numbers of them relatively easy to maintain and observe in the laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "These experiments are not only distinguished by their sheer scale (with the methods available at the time, they involved an enormous workload), but more importantly by their significance for organisms other than fruit flies."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "In 2004 Nüsslein-Volhard started the Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation (Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Stiftung)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard was born in Magdeburg on 20 October 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard is associated with the discovery of Toll, which led to the identification of toll-like receptors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard earned her PhD in 1974 from the University of Tübingen, where she studied protein-DNA interaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus identified genes involved in embryonic development by a series of genetic screens."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus took advantage of the segmented form of Drosophila larvae to address the logic of the genes controlling development."
}
] |
Volhard experimented on small insects.
| 0 | 0 |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu] (listen);), or simply Rio, is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas."
}
] |
eODdTJmOd9jA23PkqHUK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population growth",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and has a rapidly expanding population and rapidly growing area due to rapid urbanization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu] (listen);), or simply Rio, is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | South Zone",
"text": "It is the wealthiest part of the city and the best known overseas; the neighborhoods of Leblon and Ipanema, in particular, have the most expensive real estate in all of South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population growth",
"text": "Changing demographics the city of Rio de Janeiro"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese court and imperial capital",
"text": "The Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "It receives the most visitors per year of any city in South America with 2.82 million international tourists a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1,182.3 square kilometres (456.5 sq mi), is about 6,000,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% male."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations | Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro is twinned with: Rio de Janeiro has the following partner/friendship cities: Rio de Janeiro is a part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities."
}
] |
Rio de Janeiro is the most populated city in South America.
| 2 | 5 |
Rio de Janeiro
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Masque of the Red Death\" (originally published as \"The Mask of the Red Death: A Fantasy\") is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1842."
}
] |
eOavxPzdbw6MQaVBBa2F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story follows Prince Prospero's attempts to avoid a dangerous plague, known as the Red Death, by hiding in his abbey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Masque of the Red Death\" (originally published as \"The Mask of the Red Death: A Fantasy\") is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1842."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics adaptations",
"text": "In 2008, Sterling Press published \"The Masque of The Red Death\" in Nevermore (Illustrated Classics): A Graphic Adaptation of Edgar Allan Poe's Short Stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics adaptations",
"text": "In 2004, Eureka Productions published \"The Masque of the Red Death\" in Graphic Classics #1: Edgar Allan Poe (2nd edition)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics adaptations",
"text": "In spring 2017, UDON Entertainment's Manga Classics line published The Stories of Edgar Allan Poe, which included a manga format adaptation of \"The Masque of the Red Death\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audio adaptations",
"text": "Basil Rathbone read the entire short story in his Caedmon LP recording The Tales of Edgar Allan Poe (early 1960s)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "Others have suggested the pandemic is actually bubonic plague, emphasized by the climax of the story featuring the Red Death in the black room."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "Alternatively, the Red Death may refer to cholera; Poe witnessed an epidemic of cholera in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1831."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "Like the character Prince Prospero, Poe tried to ignore the terminal nature of the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "The disease called the Red Death is fictitious."
}
] |
The Masque of the Red Death is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe that follows Prince Prospero's attempts to avoid a dangerous plague, known as the Red Death.
| 0 | 0 |
The Masque of the Red Death
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As an undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history."
}
] |
eP2iaXD5k6aOTVcqfafM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty | Capture of Delhi (1398)",
"text": "The capture of the Delhi Sultanate was one of Timur's greatest victories, as at that time, Delhi was one of the richest cities in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As an undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Military leader",
"text": "At about this time, his father died and Timur also became chief of the Berlas."
},
{
"section_header": "Military leader",
"text": "About 1360, Timur gained prominence as a military leader whose troops were mostly Turkic tribesmen of the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Military leader",
"text": "This was the second military expedition that he led, and its success led to further operations, among them the subjugation of Khwarezm and Urgench."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty",
"text": "when hard-pressed he considered surrender."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "He was also considered extraordinarily intelligent – not only intuitively but also intellectually."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture, as he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Timur's legacy is a mixed one."
}
] |
Timur is considered one of the greatest military strategists of all time.
| 0 | 0 |
Timur
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball player",
"text": "López's professional career began in 1924 when, at the age of 16, he signed on as a catcher with the Class-D Tampa Smokers of the Florida State League, quitting his job at the bakery and dropping out of high school at Sacred Heart College (later known as Jesuit High School) to focus on baseball."
}
] |
eQg05dywLdk4ac22Lvey
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alfonso Ramón López (August 20, 1908 – October 30, 2005) was a Spanish-American professional baseball catcher and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alfonso Ramón López, the seventh of nine children, was born there on August 20, 1908.Ybor City was a thriving immigrant neighborhood during Al López's childhood with a population of over 10,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball player",
"text": "The Senators offered the Smokers $1000 for López's contract, but the minor league club demanded $10,000, which the major league club thought too exorbitant for a young player with only one year of professional baseball experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball player",
"text": "López's professional career began in 1924 when, at the age of 16, he signed on as a catcher with the Class-D Tampa Smokers of the Florida State League, quitting his job at the bakery and dropping out of high school at Sacred Heart College (later known as Jesuit High School) to focus on baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Minor leagues",
"text": "He spent three years in Indianapolis, leading his squads to one first place and two second-place finishes in the American Association while also serving as the team's reserve catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and legacy | Honors",
"text": "The Rays annually award the \"Al López Award\" to the \"most outstanding rookie\" in the team's spring camp each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"I vowed never to work in one."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and legacy | Honors",
"text": "I saw a diagram of the new stadium, and I didn't feel bad because I thought they were going to build a bigger one and a better one."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Under López, the Indians won over 90 games each season from 1951 to 1953, but came in second to the New York Yankees each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Minor leagues",
"text": "Meanwhile, López began his managing career in 1948 with the Indianapolis Indians, the Pittsburgh Pirates's Class AAA minor league affiliate."
}
] |
Alfonso Ramón López embarked on his professional career at just 16 years old.
| 0 | 2 |
Al López
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environmental issues",
"text": "China is the country with the second highest death toll because of air pollution, after India."
}
] |
eQlWiUmOJnEqtjjngN4p
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The national census of 2010 recorded the population of the People's Republic of China as approximately 1,370,536,875."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "Healthcare in China became mostly privatized, and experienced a significant rise in quality."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Government",
"text": "Political concerns in China include the growing gap between rich and poor and government corruption."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "Compared with the 2000 population census, the Han population increased by 66,537,177 persons, or 5.74%, while the population of the 55 national minorities combined increased by 7,362,627 persons, or 6.92%."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environmental issues",
"text": "China is the country with the second highest death toll because of air pollution, after India."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "In 2010, air pollution caused 1.2 million premature deaths in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "The largest of these nationalities are the ethnic Chinese or \"Han\", who constitute more than 80% of the total population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Urbanization",
"text": "It is estimated that China's urban population will reach one billion by 2030, potentially equivalent to one-eighth of the world population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "China used to make up much of the world's poor; now it makes up much of the world's middle class."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Landscape and climate",
"text": "Water quality, erosion, and pollution control have become important issues in China's relations with other countries."
}
] |
The most populous nation in the world China has has poor air quality.
| 0 | 0 |
China
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jeffrey Robert Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Houston Astros."
}
] |
eR5xicZpotdfApEf9oiJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Boston Red Sox prospect",
"text": "Gorman spent the ensuing years defending the decision-making process that led up to the Bagwell trade."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Bagwell, along with Craig Biggio were on hand to witness the Astros win their first ever World Series championship at Dodger Stadium on November 1, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Highlights",
"text": "He is the Astros' all-time leader in HR and RBI and the first Astro to win an MVP.In addition to stealing over 200 bases in his career, Bagwell contributed significantly around the field as a whole."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After his playing career, Jeff Bagwell has spent much of his time with his family while sporadically taking coaching and special assignment positions for the Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Continued peak (1995–96)",
"text": "Bagwell enforced accountability and preparation which fostered camaraderie and incorporated all players as instrumental to the success of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Health issues and World Series drive (2005)",
"text": "Teams began taking advantage of his defensive increased weakness."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Continued peak (1995–96)",
"text": "The Astros hired team color commentator Larry Dierker after the season to replace him."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "He was a superstar who always put the team before himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Rookie of the Year Award and early career (1991–93)",
"text": "The Sporting News Rookie of the Year and post-season All-Star and on the Topps' Rookie All-Star Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jeffrey Robert Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Houston Astros."
}
] |
Bagwell spent his whole career playing with only 1 team.
| 0 | 0 |
Jeff Bagwell
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Alexander Jr. had six siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "In Hawaii, sons Bruce Cartwright (1853–1919) and Alexander Joy Cartwright III (1855–1921) were born."
}
] |
eReVEEcYo9u0Bhdmkerg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Cartwright was born in 1820 to Alexander Cartwright Sr. (1784–1855), a merchant sea captain, and Esther Rebecca Burlock Cartwright (1792–1871)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Alexander Jr. had six siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "In Hawaii, sons Bruce Cartwright (1853–1919) and Alexander Joy Cartwright III (1855–1921) were born."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "Cartwright died on July 12, 1892, six months before the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "One of the leaders of the overthrow movement was Lorrin A. Thurston, who played baseball with classmate Alexander Cartwright III at Punahou School."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "In 1849, Cartwright headed to California for the gold rush, and then continued on to work and live in the Kingdom of Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jay Martin's Live All You Can: Alexander Joy Cartwright & the Invention of Modern Baseball supports Cartwright as the inventor of baseball, while Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend by"
},
{
"section_header": "Knickerbocker Base Ball Club",
"text": "Alex Cartwright did not set the base paths at ninety feet, the sides at nine men, or the game at nine innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "Also, she states that during Cartwright's lifetime he was not declared or documented as an originator of baseball in Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Knickerbocker Base Ball Club",
"text": "Baseball historian Jeffrey Kittel has concluded that none of the Knickerbocker Rules of 1845 was original, with the possible exception of three-out innings."
}
] |
Alexander Cartwright had six siblings and was born in Hawaii to a sea merchant.
| 1 | 3 |
Alexander Cartwright
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Great Expectations is the thirteenth novel by Charles Dickens and his penultimate completed novel, which depicts the education of an orphan nicknamed Pip (the book is a bildungsroman, a coming-of-age story)."
}
] |
eSZiUr2kBHSPKT21kDkr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Dickens's novel has influenced a number of writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "In May 2015, Udon Entertainment's Manga Classics line published a manga adaptation of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "The winner of the 2007 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Lloyd Jones's novel is set in a village on the Papua New Guinea island of Bougainville during a brutal civil war there in the 1990s, where the young protagonist's life is impacted in a major way by her reading of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre | Historical novel",
"text": "Though Great Expectations is not obviously a historical novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Wealth",
"text": "With Great Expectations, Dickens's views about wealth have changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Carey's novel won the Commonwealth Writers Prize in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Mister Pip (2006) is a novel by Lloyd Jones, a New Zealand author."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The theme of homecoming reflects events in Dickens's life, several years prior to the publication of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Sue Roe's Estella: Her Expectations (1982), for example explores the inner life of an Estella fascinated with a Havisham figure."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "Miss Havisham is also central to Lost in a Good Book (2002), Jasper Fforde's alternate history, fantasy novel, which features a parody of Miss Havisham."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Great Expectations is the thirteenth novel by Charles Dickens and his penultimate completed novel, which depicts the education of an orphan nicknamed Pip (the book is a bildungsroman, a coming-of-age story)."
}
] |
Great Expectations is Dickens's 13th novel.
| 2 | 7 |
Great Expectations
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The narrative follows Oedipa Maas, a young Californian woman, who begins to embrace a conspiracy theory as she possibly unearths a centuries-old conflict between two mail distribution companies; only one of these companies, Thurn and Taxis, actually existed (1806–67) and was the first private firm to distribute postal mail."
}
] |
eTVLgH0ldIAzVixNb7QR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. J. B. Lippincott."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. Harper and Row, 1986, reissued 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book",
"text": "J. Kerry Grant wrote A Companion to the Crying of Lot 49 in an attempt to catalogue these references but it is neither definitive nor complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book | The Beatles",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 was published shortly after Beatlemania and the \"British invasion\" that took place in the United States and other Western countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The narrative follows Oedipa Maas, a young Californian woman, who begins to embrace a conspiracy theory as she possibly unearths a centuries-old conflict between two mail distribution companies; only one of these companies, Thurn and Taxis, actually existed (1806–67) and was the first private firm to distribute postal mail."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book | Remedios Varo",
"text": "Near the beginning of The Crying of Lot 49, Oedipa recalls a trip to an art museum in Mexico with Inverarity, during which she encountered a painting, Bordando el Manto Terrestre by Remedios Varo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like most of Pynchon's output, Lot 49 is often described as postmodernist literature."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "The title of the 2018 AMC-TV series Lodge 49 alludes to the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book ends with Oedipa at an auction of Inverarity's possessions, waiting on the bidding of lot 49, which contains his stamp collection."
}
] |
The Crying of Lot 49 is a novel that embraces a conspiracy theory.
| 0 | 0 |
The Crying of Lot 49
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics | 2020 U.S. presidential campaign",
"text": "On July 4, 2020, West announced on Twitter that he would be running in the 2020 presidential election."
}
] |
eTgzhAsbzfMrIOAGyGVd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics | 2020 U.S. presidential campaign",
"text": "Various political pundits have speculated that West's presidential run is a publicity stunt to promote his upcoming music."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "On October 11, 2018, West visited the Oval Office for a meeting with President Trump to discuss a range of issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics | 2020 U.S. presidential campaign",
"text": "On July 7, West was interviewed by Forbes about his presidential run, where he announced that his running mate will be Wyoming preacher Michelle Tidball, and that he would run as an independent under the \"Birthday Party\", \"because when we win, it's everybody's birthday\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "In September 2015, West announced that he intended to run for President of the United States in 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "In October 26, President Trump praised West during his speech at the Young Black Leadership Summit, adding \"I think Kanye may be the most powerful man in all of politics\", referring to a story on West's effect on African-Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "He later implied on Twitter that he intends to run for President in 2024 due to Donald Trump's win in the 2016 elections."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "The donation was the exact amount Enyia needed to pay a fine she received for not filing campaign finance reports during her abbreviated 2015 mayoral run."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics | 2020 U.S. presidential campaign",
"text": "On July 4, 2020, West announced on Twitter that he would be running in the 2020 presidential election."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "His support for Trump led to the creation of a \"Donye\" parody by famous artist Lushsux who painted Kanye with Trump's hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "\" Nielson states, \" He is willing and able to experiment in ways that many people either don't or can't."
}
] |
Kanye has said he will run for political office.
| 2 | 6 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "William Henry O'Kelleher, Jr. (he later Americanized the name to Keeler) was born in Brooklyn, New York, on March 3, 1872, the son of William O'Kelleher, Sr., a trolley switch man."
}
] |
eTtkHJ9qmAXn22Butjna
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In 1892, he joined the minor league team in Binghamton, New York, and he was called up to the New York Giants at the end of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler remained in Brooklyn and did not actually jump to the new league until 1903, when he signed with the New York Highlanders (renamed the Yankees in 1913)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "He remained with the Highlanders through 1909, and played the 1910 season with the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He quit school the following year, and played semiprofessional baseball in the New York City area."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "William Henry O'Kelleher, Jr. (he later Americanized the name to Keeler) was born in Brooklyn, New York, on March 3, 1872, the son of William O'Kelleher, Sr., a trolley switch man."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Keeler (March 3, 1872 – January 1, 1923), nicknamed \"Wee Willie\", was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910, primarily for the Baltimore Orioles and Brooklyn Superbas in the National League, and the New York Highlanders in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Keeler sat up and said to his brother, \"You see, the new year is here and so am I—still.\" He enjoyed a drink and a smoke, then said that he was ready for a long sleep."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Seriously ill by New Year's Eve, he heard bells and sirens in the streets when the new year arrived."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In 1901, Keeler received offers from six of the eight new American League clubs, including an offer from Chicago for two years at $4,300 a season ($132,148 in current dollar terms)."
}
] |
Keeler was from New York.
| 2 | 4 |
Willie Keeler
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem begins and ends with funerals: at the beginning of the poem for Scyld Scefing (26–45) and at the end for Beowulf (3140–3170)."
}
] |
eVTLXs4m1rwEmPJrr50o
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary | First battle: Grendel",
"text": "In it, he, his wife Wealhtheow, and his warriors spend their time singing and celebrating."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "The next night, after celebrating Grendel's defeat, Hrothgar and his men sleep in Heorot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[ˈbeːowulf]) is an Old English epic poem consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Third battle: The dragon",
"text": "When the rest of the men finally return, Wiglaf bitterly admonishes them, blaming their cowardice for Beowulf's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and criticism | Politics and warfare",
"text": "With Aeschere's death, Hrothgar turns to Beowulf as his new \"arm.\" Also, Greenfield argues the foot is used for the opposite effect, only appearing four times in the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beowulf (; Old English: Bēowulf"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem begins and ends with funerals: at the beginning of the poem for Scyld Scefing (26–45) and at the end for Beowulf (3140–3170)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "After stipulating a number of conditions to Hrothgar in case of his death (including the taking in of his kinsmen and the inheritance by Unferth of Beowulf's estate), Beowulf jumps into the lake, and while harassed by water monsters gets to the bottom, where he finds a cavern."
},
{
"section_header": "Manuscript | Writing",
"text": "suggest that at one point Beowulf ended the volume."
}
] |
Beowulf, the Old English epic story, starts with celebration of the death and and ends with the protagonist own death celebration.
| 4 | 6 |
Beowulf
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia (Tish) Jean Finley and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
}
] |
eVpVQQIfUK9sanBVzECH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "She then collaborated with her father on the single \"Ready, Set, Don't Go\" (2007)."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and influences",
"text": "Releases such as \"The Climb\" (2009) and \"These Four Walls\" (2008) feature elements of country music and showcase Cyrus's \"twangy vocals\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her music has spanned a range of styles, including pop, country pop, and hip hop."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "It was met with a warm critical and commercial reaction, becoming a crossover hit in both pop and country"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "In 2001, when Cyrus was eight, she and her family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada while her father filmed the television series Doc."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Billboard's Top 125 Artists of All Time list in 2019.Cyrus was born in Franklin, Tennessee, and is a daughter of country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia (Tish) Jean Finley and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and influences",
"text": "Critics noted the use of hip hop music and synthpop in the album."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and influences",
"text": "Since the start of her musical career, Cyrus has been described as being predominantly a pop artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and influences",
"text": "It was initially intended to feature rock music elements prior to its completion, and Cyrus claimed after its release that it could be her final pop album."
}
] |
Miley Cyrus's father also did country music.
| 3 | 5 |
Miley Cyrus
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Applications of distillation",
"text": "The application of distillation can roughly be divided into four groups: laboratory scale, industrial distillation, distillation of herbs for perfumery and medicinals (herbal distillate), and food processing."
}
] |
eWEEH9dqPq6UX3X33YMe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "Catalytic distillation is the process by which the reactants are catalyzed while being distilled to continuously separate the products from the reactants."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "This process is one of the simplest unit operations, being equivalent to a distillation with only one equilibrium stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Air-sensitive vacuum distillation",
"text": "Some compounds have high boiling points as well as being air sensitive."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Simple distillation",
"text": "The vapor flows through a short Vigreux column 3, then through a Liebig condenser 5, is cooled by water (blue) that circulates through ports 6 and 7."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "It is also used to produce applejack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In midstream operations at oil refineries, fractional distillation is a major class of operation for transforming crude oil into fuels and chemical feed stocks."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1651, John French published The Art of Distillation, the first major English compendium on the practice, but it has been claimed that much of it derives from Braunschweig's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "Membrane distillation is a type of distillation in which vapors of a mixture to be separated are passed through a membrane, which selectively permeates one component of mixture."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "The process of reactive distillation involves using the reaction vessel as the still."
},
{
"section_header": "Laboratory scale distillation | Other types",
"text": "Freeze distillation is an analogous method of purification using freezing instead of evaporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications of distillation",
"text": "The application of distillation can roughly be divided into four groups: laboratory scale, industrial distillation, distillation of herbs for perfumery and medicinals (herbal distillate), and food processing."
}
] |
The major uses of Distillation can be categorized into 3 types.
| 1 | 6 |
Distillation
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hoyt was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Addison and Louise Benedum Hoyt, and attended Erasmus Hall High School."
}
] |
eWLKRw4x23E1iukQIjtd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "1961 was the only World Series during his tenure, leading Hoyt to call himself \"a bad news broadcaster.\" Hoyt became known for entertaining radio audiences during rain delays, sharing anecdotes and telling vivid stories from his days as a player; a selection of these stories is collected on two record albums: The Best of Waite Hoyt in the Rain, and Waite Hoyt Talks Babe Ruth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waite Charles Hoyt (September 9, 1899 – August 25, 1984) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, one of the dominant pitchers of the 1920s, and the most successful pitcher for the New York Yankees during that decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hoyt was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Addison and Louise Benedum Hoyt, and attended Erasmus Hall High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Hoyt went into broadcasting."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Hoyt is interred in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Baseball",
"text": "Hoyt soon returned to the majors, this time with the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Broadcasting",
"text": "On June 10, 2007, the Reds honored Hoyt, Marty Brennaman, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Hoyt's wife of 50 years, Ellen Burbank Hoyt, predeceased him on November 23, 1982. (Ellen Hoyt was actually his second wife -- his marriage to his first wife, Dorothy, in 1922, had ended in divorce ten years later.)An eternal optimist, Hoyt married his third wife, Betty Derie on March 5, 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Baseball",
"text": "After a brief stint with the Giants, McGraw sent Hoyt to the minors for refinement and experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Baseball",
"text": "Hoyt finished his career with a win-loss record of 237–182 and an ERA of 3.59."
}
] |
Waite Hoyt was from Chicago, Illinois.
| 1 | 1 |
Waite Hoyt
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Text and arrangement",
"text": "The Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sūrah."
}
] |
eXE6mZD4JBCr4hvYvs58
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Prophetic era",
"text": "Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance in Islam | Shia view of the Quran",
"text": "Muslims do not agree over whether the Quran was created by God or is eternal and \"uncreated.\" Sunnis (who make up about 85-90% of Muslims) hold that the Quran is uncreated—a doctrine that has been unchallenged among them for many centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Compilation",
"text": "Historically, controversy over the Quran's content has rarely become an issue, although debates continue on the subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance in Islam | In worship",
"text": "Worn-out copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Compilation",
"text": "Saudi scholar Saud al-Sarhan has expressed doubt over the age of the fragments as they contain dots and chapter separators that are believed to have originated later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel (Jibril), incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40; and concluding in 632, the year of his death."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prophetic era",
"text": "describing the revelations as, \"Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell\" and Aisha reported, \"I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "As with translations of the Bible, the English translators have sometimes favored archaic English words and constructions over their more modern or conventional equivalents; for example, two widely read translators, Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Marmaduke Pickthall, use the plural and singular \"ye\" and \"thou\" instead of the more common \"you.\"The"
},
{
"section_header": "Significance in Islam | Shia view of the Quran",
"text": "Shia Twelvers and Zaydi, and the Kharijites—believe the Quran was created."
},
{
"section_header": "Text and arrangement",
"text": "The Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sūrah."
}
] |
The Quran is over 100 chapeters.
| 1 | 7 |
Qur'an
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Aeneid was written in a time of major political and social change in Rome, with the fall of the Republic and the Final War of the Roman Republic having torn through society and many Romans' faith in the \"Greatness of Rome\" severely faltering."
}
] |
eXMX5AdUB57hb35Tf7zX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Propaganda",
"text": "Written during the reign of Augustus, the Aeneid presents the hero Aeneas as a strong and powerful leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Violence and conflict",
"text": "It is possible that the recurring theme of violence in the Aeneid is a subtle commentary on the bloody violence contemporary readers would have just experienced during the Late Republican civil wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Propaganda",
"text": "Charged with the preservation of his people by divine authority, Aeneas is symbolic of Augustus' own accomplishments in establishing order after the long period of chaos of the Roman civil wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In Latin-Christian culture, the Aeneid was one of the canonical texts, subjected to commentary as a philological and educational study, with the most complete commentary having been written by the 4th-century grammarian Maurus Servius Honoratus."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Another continental work displaying the influence of the Aeneid is the 16th-century Portuguese epic Os Lusíadas, written by Luís de Camões and dealing with Vasco da Gama's voyage to India."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Aeneid was written in a time of major political and social change in Rome, with the fall of the Republic and the Final War of the Roman Republic having torn through society and many Romans' faith in the \"Greatness of Rome\" severely faltering."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Structure",
"text": "The Aeneid, like other classical epics, is written in dactylic hexameters: each line consists of six metrical feet made up of dactyls (one long syllable followed by two short syllables) and spondees (two long syllables)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Aeneid ( ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aeneis [ae̯ˈneːɪs]) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Parodies and travesties",
"text": "In 1798, «Eneyida» — Ukrainian mock-heroic burlesque poem, was written by Ivan Kotlyarevsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "I, 462). The influence is also visible in very modern work: Brian Friel's Translations (a play written in the 1980s, set in 19th-century Ireland), makes references to the classics throughout and ends with a passage from the Aeneid: Urbs antiqua fuit—there was an ancient city which, 'tis said, Juno loved above all the lands."
}
] |
The Aeneid was written during the enlightenment period.
| 1 | 2 |
Aeneid
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All the President's Men is a 1976 American political thriller film about the Watergate scandal, which brought down the presidency of Richard M. Nixon."
}
] |
eXi6Rq4eeo3Qx641h8VN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "\"All The President's Men\" Revisited",
"text": "Sundance Productions, which Redford owns, produced a two-hour documentary entitled \"All The President's Men\" Revisited."
},
{
"section_header": "\"All The President's Men\" Revisited",
"text": "Footage from the film is used, as well as interviews with Redford and Hoffman as well as actual central characters including Woodward, Bernstein, Bradlee, John Dean and Alexander Butterfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "All the President's Men grossed $70.6 million at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Entertainment Weekly ranked All the President's Men as one of its 25 \"Powerful Political Thrillers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "AFI also named it No. 34 on its America's Most Inspiring Movies list and No. 57 on the Top 100 Thrilling Movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All the President's Men is a 1976 American political thriller film about the Watergate scandal, which brought down the presidency of Richard M. Nixon."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Academy members indicated that, given a second chance, they would award the 1977 Oscar for Best Picture to All the President's Men instead of Rocky."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Heroes AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "to former Attorney General John N. Mitchell, now head of CREEP."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies: 10th Anniversary Edition– #77"
}
] |
All the President's Men is a movie about the assassination of John F Kennedy.
| 0 | 0 |
All the President's Men (film)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "Besarion became an alcoholic, and drunkenly beat his wife and son."
}
] |
eXqUkl1ilG3m4dwcntjz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "In 1886, they moved into the house of a family friend, Father Christopher Charkviani."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and characteristics | Relationships and family",
"text": "The other, Alexander, was the son of Lidia Pereprygia; he was raised as the son of a peasant fisherman and the Soviet authorities made him swear never to reveal that Stalin was his biological father."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and characteristics | Relationships and family",
"text": "One of them, Konstantin Kuzakov, later taught philosophy at the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, but never met his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology",
"text": "Stalinism was a development of Leninism, and while Stalin avoided using the term \"Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism\", he allowed others to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "In Lenin's government | Lenin's final years: 1921–1923",
"text": "Lenin twice asked Stalin to procure poison so that he could commit suicide, but Stalin never did so."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war era | Final years: 1950–1953 | Death, funeral and aftermath",
"text": "It is possible that Stalin was murdered."
},
{
"section_header": "In Lenin's government | Lenin's final years: 1921–1923",
"text": "Lenin accused Stalin of \"Great Russian chauvinism\"; Stalin accused Lenin of \"national liberalism\"."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Victory: 1945",
"text": "Stalin refused to punish the offenders."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and characteristics | Relationships and family",
"text": "Stalin was sociable and enjoyed a joke."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A communist ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are known as Stalinism."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899",
"text": "Besarion became an alcoholic, and drunkenly beat his wife and son."
}
] |
Stalin had an abusive father.
| 0 | 0 |
Joseph Stalin
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mickey Charles Mantle (October 20, 1931 – August 13, 1995), nicknamed The Commerce Comet and The Mick, was an American professional baseball player."
}
] |
eXrj4zpgV76xkoyDU8K6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers and is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Stardom: 1952–1964",
"text": "He is the only player to win a league Triple Crown as a switch hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle was one of the greatest offensive threats of any center fielder in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mickey Charles Mantle (October 20, 1931 – August 13, 1995), nicknamed The Commerce Comet and The Mick, was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "Overall, he hit slightly more home runs away (270) than home (266).Surprisingly, Mantle was also one of the best bunters for base hits of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple's four sons were Mickey Jr. (1953–2000), David (born 1955), Billy (1957–1994), whom Mickey named for Billy Martin, his best friend among his Yankee teammates, and Danny (born 1960)."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "Mantle hit some of the longest home runs in Major League history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later wrote a book (My Favorite Summer 1956) about his best year in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Stardom: 1952–1964",
"text": "He homered for the third Yankee run in a 3–2 Game 6 win and he knocked in the winning runs in the 4–2 Game 7 win, with a homer in the sixth inning and an RBI single in the seventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Stardom: 1952–1964",
"text": "1960 was also the year he hit what was and is, the longest home run, in history."
}
] |
Mickey Mantle, nicknamed The Hammer, was one of the best sluggers and switch hitters in baseball history.
| 1 | 2 |
Mickey Mantle
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Howard Brett (born May 15, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player who played 21 years, primarily as a third baseman, in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Glen Dale, West Virginia, Brett was the youngest of four sons of a sports-minded family which included Ken, the second oldest, a major league pitcher who pitched in the 1967 World Series at age 19."
}
] |
eXx49UUMhvYbr9cWCcyR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1980 postseason",
"text": "During the Series, Brett made headlines after leaving Game 2 in the 6th inning due to hemorrhoid pain."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Glen Dale, West Virginia, Brett was the youngest of four sons of a sports-minded family which included Ken, the second oldest, a major league pitcher who pitched in the 1967 World Series at age 19."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Howard Brett (born May 15, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player who played 21 years, primarily as a third baseman, in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1980 postseason",
"text": "Brett had minor surgery the next day, and in Game 3 returned to hit a home run as the Royals won in 10 innings 4–3."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1980 postseason",
"text": "Brett then hit .375 in the 1980 World Series, but the Royals lost in six games to the Philadelphia Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "George grew up hoping to follow in the footsteps of his three older brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1985",
"text": "Brett then batted .370 in the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, including a four-hit performance in Game 7."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although his three older brothers were born in Brooklyn, George was born in the northern panhandle of West Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1985",
"text": "The Royals again rallied from a 3–1 deficit to become World Series champions for the first time in Royals history."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | Pine Tar Incident",
"text": "On July 24, 1983, with the Royals playing against the Yankees at Yankee Stadium, in the top of the ninth inning with two out, Brett hit a go-ahead two-run homer off of Goose Gossage to put the Royals up 5–4."
}
] |
George Brett was an athlete who played over 20 years in the MLB and had a brother pitch in the World Series.
| 0 | 0 |
George Brett
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Magnetic fields surround and are created by magnetized material and by moving electric charges (currents) such as those used in electromagnets."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "Moving point charges, such as electrons, produce complicated but well known magnetic fields that depend on the charge, velocity, and acceleration of the particles."
}
] |
eYBYm3S4x0VEGGt0LNSX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "All moving charged particles produce magnetic fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on a charged particle",
"text": "The Lorentz force is always perpendicular to both the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field that created it."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "Moving point charges, such as electrons, produce complicated but well known magnetic fields that depend on the charge, velocity, and acceleration of the particles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Magnetic fields surround and are created by magnetized material and by moving electric charges (currents) such as those used in electromagnets."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on a charged particle",
"text": "A charged particle moving in a B-field experiences a sideways force that is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charge of the particle."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on current-carrying wire",
"text": "The force on a current carrying wire is similar to that of a moving charge as expected since a current carrying wire is a collection of moving charges."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Direction of force",
"text": "For that reason a magnetic field measurement (by itself) cannot distinguish whether there is a positive charge moving to the right or a negative charge moving to the left. (Both of these cases produce the same current.) On the other hand, a magnetic field combined with an electric field can distinguish between these, see Hall effect below."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on a charged particle",
"text": "When a charged particle moves in a static magnetic field, it traces a helical path in which the helix axis is parallel to the magnetic field, and in which the speed of the particle remains constant."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "The magnetic field generated by a steady current I (a constant flow of electric charges, in which charge neither accumulates nor is depleted at any point) is described by the Biot–Savart law: B"
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on a charged particle",
"text": "where F is the force, q is the electric charge of the particle, v is the instantaneous velocity of the particle, and B is the magnetic field (in teslas)."
}
] |
Magnetic fields are created by moving electric charges.
| 2 | 3 |
Magnetic field
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Both a PG-13 and R-rated version had been shown separately in different test screenings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "The R-rated version was better received by test audiences, leading Warner Bros. to release it."
}
] |
eYFGAOu2z2Mtd0Ehkr9u
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "The final issue, Mad Max: Fury Road – Mad Max #2, was released on 5 August."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "The third, Mad Max: Fury Road –"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "20 May. The second, Mad Max: Fury Road – Furiosa #1, was released on 17 June."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "The R-rated version was better received by test audiences, leading Warner Bros. to release it."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "A deluxe-edition hardcover collection of art titled Mad Max: Fury Road - Inspired Artists Deluxe Edition inspired by the film was released on 6 May 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "The first issue, titled Mad Max: Fury Road – Nux and Immortan Joe #1, was released on"
},
{
"section_header": "Potential sequels",
"text": "One of these, entitled Mad Max: Furiosa, had already been completed, and Miller hoped to film it after the release of Fury Road."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "On 5 March 2009, it was announced that an R-rated 3D animated feature film was in pre-production and would be taking much of the plot from Fury Road, although Gibson would not be in the film and Miller was looking for a \"different route\", a \"renaissance\" of the franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road had its world premiere on 7 May 2015 at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road had been released in May 2015 and had ended its theatrical run on 24 September 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Both a PG-13 and R-rated version had been shown separately in different test screenings."
}
] |
Mad Max: Fury Road was originally thought to be released as an R or NC-17 rated film due to all of the gore and violence.
| 3 | 2 |
Mad Max: Fury Road
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanley Frank Musial (; born Stanislaw Franciszek Musial; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed Stan the Man, was an American baseball outfielder and first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, from 1941-44 and 1946-63."
}
] |
eYqvd5krOrKkHXYWjgO3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1950–1954",
"text": "With the Cardinals falling 14 games out of first place by September, manager Dyer used him at first base and all three outfield positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and family life",
"text": "Musial was named a vice president of the St. Louis Cardinals in September 1963, and he remained in that position until after the 1966 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1946–1963) | 1960–1963",
"text": "He was the first major league player to appear in more than 1,000 games at two different positions, registering 1,896 games in the outfield and 1,016 at first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, from 1941-44 and 1946-63."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanley Frank Musial (; born Stanislaw Franciszek Musial; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed Stan the Man, was an American baseball outfielder and first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "\"St. Louis Mayor Francis Slay tweeted: \"Sad as we are, we are fortunate to have had Stan in STL for so long, and are also glad that Stan and Lil are together again.\" He ordered flags at half-staff in the city.\"Major"
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and family life",
"text": "Musial also gave free meals at the restaurant he owned in St. Louis to any customers who presented valid ID proving they were Donora residents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history, Musial was a first-ballot inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969, and was also selected to the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In July 2013, the new Interstate 70 bridge over the Mississippi River between Illinois and Missouri at St. Louis received the official name of \"Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In January, 2014, the Cardinals announced Musial among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."
}
] |
Stan Musial played outfield and first base for the St. Louis Cardinals.
| 2 | 4 |
Stan Musial
|
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