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Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The House of Mirth was Wharton's second published novel, preceded by two novellas, The Touchstone (1900) and Sanctuary (1903), and The Valley of Decision (1902)."
}
] |
eZzoT0NN1uew5q81vYII
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The House of Mirth is a 1905 novel by American author Edith Wharton."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel The House of Mirth (1905) has been adapted to radio, the stage and the cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The final title Wharton chose for the novel was The House of Mirth (1905), taken from the Old Testament: The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Play of the novel The House of Mirth (1906), by Edith Wharton and Clyde Fitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The House of Mirth continues to attract readers over a century after its first publication, possibly due to its timeless theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carol Singley, in her introduction to Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth: A Case Book states \"[The House of Mirth] is a unique blend of romance, realism, and naturalism, [and thus] transcends the narrow classification of a novel of manners."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The House of Mirth was Wharton's second published novel, preceded by two novellas, The Touchstone (1900) and Sanctuary (1903), and The Valley of Decision (1902)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The House of Mirth (1956), directed by John Drew Barrymore."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "Wharton revealed in her introduction to the 1936 reprint of The House of Mirth her choice of subject and her major theme: When I wrote House of Mirth I held, without knowing it, two trumps in my hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Building his fortune in real estate, Rosedale makes his first appearance in the story when he observes Lily leaving his apartment building after what appears to be a tryst with one of his tenants."
}
] |
The House of Mirth was one of Wharthon's first novels.
| 2 | 5 |
The House of Mirth
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": ", I figured that Foo Fighter might lead people to believe that it was more than just one guy ... Had I actually considered this to be a career, I probably would have called it something else, because it's the stupidest fucking band name in the world."
}
] |
eaTOfxkWjxlSq3UmterQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "\"Since I had recorded the first record by myself, playing all the instruments, but I wanted people to think that it was a group"
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "I think the lure of punk rock was the energy and immediacy; the need to thrash stuff around."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Sonic Highways (2013–2015)",
"text": "Their tour continued to Australia and New Zealand in February and March 2015.On May 20, 2015, the Foo Fighters were the final musical act to perform on Late Show with David Letterman, continuing their long association with David Letterman as he wrapped up his 33-year career in late night television."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "Not only is it a fascinating subject, but there's a treasure trove of band names in those UFO books!\" he said."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Cecilia EP and Concrete and Gold (2015–2019)",
"text": "The band continued to use the new tour name at later North American performances."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Cecilia EP and Concrete and Gold (2015–2019)",
"text": "On August 23, 2017, the band released their second single from Concrete and Gold named"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In November 2014, the band's eighth studio album, Sonic Highways, was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | There Is Nothing Left to Lose (1998–2001)",
"text": "No Use for a Name. Shiflett initially joined the band as touring guitarist, but achieved full-time status prior to the recording of the group's fourth album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": ", I figured that Foo Fighter might lead people to believe that it was more than just one guy ... Had I actually considered this to be a career, I probably would have called it something else, because it's the stupidest fucking band name in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group got its name from \"Foo fighter\", a nickname coined by Allied aircraft pilots for UFOs and other aerial phenomena they reported seeing."
}
] |
David Grohl thinks the name of his band is dumb.
| 3 | 4 |
Foo Fighters
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Video games",
"text": "In summer 2014, Rovio and Hasbro announced Angry Birds Transformers."
}
] |
ebGhleuViDDYionqxFJO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Video games",
"text": "The game has Transformers movie designs on multiple characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "DeNA and Hasbro teamed up to construct an official mobile video game for the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "A clip featuring never-before-seen scenes from the film and an interview with Imagine Dragons aired during The Voice on May 12, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Authenticity over North American box office opening",
"text": "The $100 million opening announced for Transformers: Age of Extinction is disputed within the industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is a 2014 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction received negative reviews from critics for its runtime, performances, screenplay, and direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "The first televised advertisement for Transformers: Age of Extinction aired during Super Bowl XLVIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Video games",
"text": "In summer 2014, Rovio and Hasbro announced Angry Birds Transformers."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Video games",
"text": "In February 2014, Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark, developed by Edge of Reality, published by Activision was announced as a companion to the film."
}
] |
There has never been a crossover game between "Transformers" as seen in Transformers: Age of Extinction, and "Angry Birds", the mobile game with the avian slingshot and pigs.
| 3 | 3 |
Transformers: Age of Extinction
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
}
] |
ebhIdVL9fAHN1ytMFZ60
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "This section is written in the stream of consciousness style and also contains frequent chronological leaps."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and structure",
"text": "The use of these italics can be confusing, however, as time shifts are not always marked by the use of italics, and periods of different time in each section do not necessarily stay in italics for the duration of the flashback."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The first, April 7, 1928, is written from the perspective of Benjamin \"Benjy\" Compson, an intellectually disabled 33-year-old man."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945",
"text": "Having been written sixteen years after The Sound and the Fury, the appendix presents some textual differences from the novel, but serves to clarify the novel's opaque story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1931, however, when Faulkner's sixth novel, Sanctuary, was published—a sensationalist story, which Faulkner later said was written only for money—The Sound and the Fury also became commercially successful, and Faulkner began to receive critical attention."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
}
] |
It was written by Mark Twain.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sound and the Fury
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603."
}
] |
ebo2CXZv4rjuGKYbkcJQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Spanish Armada",
"text": "The defeat of the armada was a potent propaganda victory, both for Elizabeth and for Protestant England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "She feared that the French planned to invade England and put her Catholic cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Ireland",
"text": "Although Ireland was one of her two kingdoms, Elizabeth faced a hostile, and in places virtually autonomous, Irish population that adhered to Catholicism and was willing to defy her authority and plot with her enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "Both proved unenthusiastic, and in 1565 Mary married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who carried his own claim to the English throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Ireland",
"text": "Between 1594 and 1603, Elizabeth faced her most severe test in Ireland during the Nine Years' War, a revolt that took place at the height of hostilities with Spain, who backed the rebel leader, Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Ireland",
"text": "To her frustration, he made little progress and returned to England in defiance of her orders."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | Ireland",
"text": "Soon afterwards, a peace treaty was signed between England and Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "Mary escaped from Loch Leven in 1568 but after another defeat fled across the border into England, where she had once been assured of support from Elizabeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots | Catholic cause",
"text": "In the belief that the revolt had been successful, Pope Pius V issued a bull in 1570, titled Regnans in Excelsis, which declared \"Elizabeth, the pretended Queen of England and the servant of crime\" to be excommunicated and a heretic, releasing all her subjects from any allegiance to her."
}
] |
Elizabeth I was queen of both England and Ireland.
| 2 | 3 |
Elizabeth I
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of Mildred Burgess (née LaRue; 1896–1967) and John Uhler Lemmon II (1893–1962), president of the Doughnut Corporation of America."
}
] |
ecyKoQfmKmqVv2K93lRX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Uhler Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor and musician who was nominated for an Academy Award eight times, winning twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1978: Mid-career",
"text": "\" Wilder though also once said: \"Happiness is working with Jack Lemmon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Uhler Lemmon II was of Irish heritage, and Jack Lemmon was raised Catholic."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The amateur who helps his team most in the Pro-Am portion is annually awarded the Jack Lemmon Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1978: Mid-career",
"text": "In 1972, at the 44th Academy Awards, Jack Lemmon presented the Honorary Academy Award to silent screen legend Charlie Chaplin."
},
{
"section_header": "Lifetime awards",
"text": "In 1986 the U.S. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures gave Lemmon a \"Career Achievement\" Award; two years later, the American Film Institute gave him its Lifetime Achievement Award in March 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon became a professional actor, working on radio and Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–2001: Later career",
"text": "Lemmon was nominated for a Best Actor Oscar for his role in The China Syndrome (1979), for which he was also awarded Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–2001: Later career",
"text": "Nevertheless, Lemmon was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lemmon was a Catholic. He was close friends with actors Tony Curtis and Kevin Spacey, among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of Mildred Burgess (née LaRue; 1896–1967) and John Uhler Lemmon II (1893–1962), president of the Doughnut Corporation of America."
}
] |
American actor Jack Lemmon had eleven siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Jack Lemmon
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His teams have also won their division 16 times, including 14 consecutive times in Atlanta."
}
] |
ed5kwsBvLHkcB2K5y5r0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Schuerholz's top assistant Frank Wren was named the general manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1969, Major League Baseball expanded to Kansas City."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuerholz's son, Jonathan, was selected by Atlanta in the eighth round of the 2002 MLB draft and played in the minor leagues until 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Boland Schuerholz Jr. (; born October 1, 1940) is an American baseball front office executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuerholz was born in [Baltimore], the son of John Schuerholz Sr., who played in the Philadelphia Athletics minor league system from 1937 to 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After entering Major League Baseball with the Baltimore Orioles, Schuerholz joined the United States Army Reserve."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Schuerholz has sent many assistants to general manager positions around the league, including Wren and Braves former GM John Coppolella."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among the teams he built are the 1985 Royals and 1995 Braves, both World Series champions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His teams have also won their division 16 times, including 14 consecutive times in Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He joined the Braves in 1990, succeeding Bobby Cox who returned to the dugout to manage the team."
}
] |
John Schuerholz's teams claimed major victories over their entire peer groups in sixteen different instances.
| 0 | 0 |
John Schuerholz
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From the Moon",
"text": "Stukeley wrote that, \"This mighty wall [Hadrian's wall] of four score miles [130 km] in length is only exceeded by the Chinese Wall, which makes a considerable figure upon the terrestrial globe, and may be discerned at the Moon."
}
] |
eeLJEy8dbImG0nTnkAkw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From the Moon",
"text": "\" The claim was also mentioned by Henry Norman in 1895 where he states \"besides its age it enjoys the reputation of being the only work of human hands on the globe visible from the Moon."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From low Earth orbit",
"text": "he had actually captured it. Based on the photograph, the China Daily later reported that the Great Wall can be seen from 'space' with the naked eye, under favorable viewing conditions, if one knows exactly where to look."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Several walls were being built from as early as the 7th century BC by ancient Chinese states; selective stretches were later joined together by Qin Shi Huang (220–206 BC), the first emperor of China."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From the Moon",
"text": "strip. The claim that the Great Wall is visible from the moon has been debunked many times (The apparent width of the Great Wall from the Moon would be the same as that of a human hair viewed from 3 km (2 mi) away), but is still ingrained in popular culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Visibility from space | From the Moon",
"text": "Stukeley wrote that, \"This mighty wall [Hadrian's wall] of four score miles [130 km] in length is only exceeded by the Chinese Wall, which makes a considerable figure upon the terrestrial globe, and may be discerned at the Moon."
}
] |
The is no evidence that the structure can be viewed from the cosmos.
| 1 | 3 |
Great Wall of China
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Our American Cousin is a three-act play by English playwright Tom Taylor."
}
] |
ef4DRJXwPIhnqbQsERNo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "\"I've always denied the legend that you were in 'Our American Cousin' the night Lincoln was shot.\" Our American Cousin was adapted for the radio anthology program On Stage in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "\"Our American Cousin premiered in New York on October 15, 1858."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Our American Cousin is a three-act play by English playwright Tom Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "A number of sequel plays to Our American Cousin were written, all featuring several characters from the original, and focusing on the Lord Dundreary character."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "\"It was not long before the success of this play inspired an imitation, Charles Gayler's Our Female American Cousin, which opened in New York City in January 1859."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical acclaim and \"Lord Dundreary\"",
"text": "The first was Gayler's Our American Cousin at Home, or, Lord Dundreary Abroad, which premiered in Buffalo, New York, in November 1860, and had its New York City debut"
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Eric W. Sawyer's 2008 opera Our American Cousin presents a fictionalized version of the night of Lincoln's assassination from the point of view of the actors in the cast of Taylor's play."
},
{
"section_header": "Principal roles and original cast",
"text": "Asa Trenchard (a rustic American) – Joseph Jefferson"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "Florence and Asa visit her cousin, Mary Meredith."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "The English Trenchards are alternately amused and appalled by this Vermont cousin."
}
] |
Our American Cousin is a novel.
| 0 | 0 |
Our American Cousin
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Upton Sinclair described the novel as \"one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world\", and remarked that Hugo set forth the purpose of Les Misérables in the Preface: So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night—are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless."
}
] |
efG2jVbNj9GpmuDQjLEO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Upton Sinclair described the novel as \"one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world\", and remarked that Hugo set forth the purpose of Les Misérables in the Preface: So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night—are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel as a whole is one of the longest ever written, with 655,478 words in the original French."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel contains various subplots, but the main thread is the story of ex-convict Jean Valjean, who becomes a force for good in the world but cannot escape his criminal past."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the English-speaking world, the novel is usually referred to by its original French title."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Humankind's wounds, those huge sores that litter the world, do not stop at the blue and red lines drawn on maps."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "One critic has called this \"the spiritual gateway\" to the novel, as its chance encounter of Thénardier and Colonel Pontmercy foreshadows so many of the novel's encounters \"blending chance and necessity\", a \"confrontation of heroism and villainy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "One biographer noted that \"the digressions of genius are easily pardoned\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Towards the end of the novel, Hugo explains the work's overarching structure: The book which the reader has before him at this moment is, from one end to the other, in its entirety and details ... a progress from evil to good, from injustice to justice, from falsehood to truth, from night to day, from appetite to conscience, from corruption to life; from bestiality to duty, from hell to heaven, from nothingness to God."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "The one about convents he titles \"Parenthesis\" to alert the reader to its irrelevance to the story line."
}
] |
Upton Sinclair described it as one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world.
| 2 | 3 |
Les Misérables
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, having a small voluntary and mercenary military membership, serving as a crusading military order for protection of Christians in the Holy Land and the Baltics during the Middle Ages."
}
] |
efRSANR3aLyvTBMbFPYZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order",
"text": "This completed the transformation of what remained in the Catholic Church of the Teutonic knights into a Catholic religious order now renamed simply the Deutscher Orden (\"German Order\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order | Honorary Knights",
"text": "Honorary Knights of the Teutonic Order have included: Konrad Adenauer"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, having a small voluntary and mercenary military membership, serving as a crusading military order for protection of Christians in the Holy Land and the Baltics during the Middle Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary",
"text": "Lacking the military organization and experience of the Teutonic Knights, the Hungarians did not replace them with adequate defenders which had prevented the attacking Cumans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline",
"text": "The military history of the Teutonic Knights was to be ended in 1805 by the Article XII of the Peace of Pressburg, which ordered the German territories of the Knights converted into a hereditary domain and gave the Austrian Emperor responsibility for placing a Habsburg prince on its throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "German: Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1192 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order, a Protestant chivalric order, is descended from the same medieval military order and also continues to award knighthoods and perform charitable work."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foundation",
"text": "However, based on the model of the Knights Templar, it was transformed into a military order in 1198 and the head of the order became known as the Grand Master (magister hospitalis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order",
"text": "This did not prevent the National Socialists from using imagery of the medieval Teutonic knights for propagandistic purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order",
"text": "Since 1996, there has also been a museum dedicated to the Teutonic Knights at their former castle in Bad Mergentheim in Germany, which was the seat of the High Master from 1525 to 1809."
}
] |
The Teutonic Knights is a religious military order.
| 0 | 0 |
Teutonic Knights
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 59 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "Terry was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954."
}
] |
ego5XMKqilNFSDSnIVec
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | History in the making",
"text": "This led to what is generally considered Terry's best season ever, 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career summary",
"text": "Terry was also one of the best fielding first baseman of his era, compiling a career .992 fielding percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Career winding down",
"text": "As manager, Terry became an advocate of platooning, as Hank Leiber and Jimmy Ripple split playing time in center field.1936 was Terry's last year as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Player-manager",
"text": "Most Valuable Player Award voting."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Into and out of the starting lineup",
"text": "This was the only season in which he played more than one game at a position other than first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "In 1923, Terry had been converted into a full-time first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Starting out in the majors",
"text": "Terry finished the season with one hit in seven at bats in three games."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He was now playing in double-A, the highest minor league level at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | History in the making",
"text": "It is also the last time to date that anyone in the National League has hit .400."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | 1933: World Series championship",
"text": "The Giants once again faced the Senators in the 1933 World Series, which they won four games to one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 59 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "Terry was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954."
}
] |
Some publications consider him one of the best players of all time.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Terry
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Poe then sold the poem to The American Review, which paid him $9 for it, and printed \"The Raven\" in its February 1845 issue under the pseudonym \"Quarles\", a reference to the English poet Francis Quarles."
}
] |
ehSEhLeW4lQQ118XpWzz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Allusions",
"text": "The raven's role as a messenger in Poe's poem may draw from those stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "It is unknown how long Poe worked on \"The Raven\"; speculation ranges from a single day to ten years."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The raven's only answer is \"Nevermore\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The small volume, his first book of poetry in 14 years, was 100 pages and sold for 31 cents."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "No aspect of the poem was an accident, he claims, but is based on total control by the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Allusions",
"text": "Similar to the studies suggested in Poe's short story \"Ligeia\", this lore may be about the occult or black magic."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"Outis\" suggested in the Evening Mirror that \"The Raven\" was plagiarized from a poem called \"The Bird of the Dream\" by an unnamed author."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Amused by the raven's comically serious disposition, the man asks that the bird tell him its name."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Poe then sold the poem to The American Review, which paid him $9 for it, and printed \"The Raven\" in its February 1845 issue under the pseudonym \"Quarles\", a reference to the English poet Francis Quarles."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The narrator's final admission is that his soul is trapped beneath the raven's shadow and shall be lifted \"Nevermore\"."
}
] |
The Raven's author sold the story for less than ten dollars.
| 0 | 0 |
The Raven
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] (listen)), is a transcontinental Eurasian country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe."
}
] |
ehZSjQt84JZD3C2rd1bN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Turkey",
"text": "The Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923, which superseded the Treaty of Sèvres, led to the international recognition of the sovereignty of the newly formed \"Republic of Turkey\" as the successor state of the Ottoman Empire, and the republic was officially proclaimed on 29 October 1923 in Ankara, the country's new capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 1927, when the first official census was recorded in the Republic of Turkey, the population was 13.6 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Turkey",
"text": "In 1983 the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, was established."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] (listen)), is a transcontinental Eurasian country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Turkey",
"text": "On 29 June 1939, the Republic of Hatay voted in favour of joining Turkey with a referendum."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Turkey",
"text": "The conflict between Turkey and the PKK (designated a terrorist organisation by Turkey, the United States, the European Union and NATO) has been active since 1984, primarily in the southeast of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Turkey",
"text": "Following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, some Kurdish and Zaza tribes, which were feudal (manorial) communities led by chieftains (agha) during the Ottoman period, became discontent about certain aspects of Atatürk's reforms aiming to modernise the country, such as secularism (the Sheikh Said rebellion, 1925) and land reform (the Dersim rebellion, 1937–1938), and staged armed revolts that were put down with military operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "TAEK is the official nuclear energy institution of Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Turkey",
"text": "Since the liberalisation of the Turkish economy in the 1980s, the country has enjoyed stronger economic growth and greater political stability."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Turkey",
"text": "The Lausanne Convention stipulated a population exchange between Greece and Turkey, whereby 1.1 million Greeks left Turkey for Greece in exchange for 380,000 Muslims transferred from Greece to Turkey."
}
] |
The country of Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, crosses continents.
| 0 | 0 |
Turkey
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The discovery of nitrogen is attributed to the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who called it noxious air."
}
] |
eiacETVva9QL64pZ5dYD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The discovery of nitrogen is attributed to the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who called it noxious air."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Natural sources originated either from biology or deposits of nitrates produced by atmospheric reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Dinitrogen complexes",
"text": "The first example of a dinitrogen complex to be discovered was [Ru(NH3)5(N2)]2+ (see figure at right), and soon many other such complexes were discovered."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1910, Lord Rayleigh discovered that an electrical discharge in nitrogen gas produced \"active nitrogen\", a monatomic allotrope of nitrogen."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Isotopes",
"text": "The heavy isotope 15N was first discovered by S. M. Naudé in 1929, soon after heavy isotopes of the neighbouring elements oxygen and carbon were discovered."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Dinitrogen complexes",
"text": "A common choice include replacing chloride ligands by dimethylphenylphosphine (PMe2Ph) to make up for the smaller number of nitrogen ligands attached than the original chlorine ligands."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Oxoacids, oxoanions, and oxoacid salts",
"text": "It is one of the three most used acids (the other two being sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and was first discovered by the alchemists in the 13th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Organic nitrogen compounds",
"text": "Nitrogen is one of the most important elements in organic chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Organic nitrogen compounds",
"text": "C– N bonds are strongly polarised towards nitrogen."
}
] |
Nitrogen was originally discovered in 1772.
| 1 | 1 |
Nitrogen
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
}
] |
ej3LdzzjAj3ooy56ZhEj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was close to her father, but had a difficult relationship with her mother, tension that began when she was young."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McClintock was almost prevented from starting college, but her father allowed her to just before registration began, and she matriculated at Cornell in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "In the 1970s, Ac and Ds were cloned by other scientists and were shown to be class II transposons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From the age of three until she began school, McClintock lived with an aunt and uncle in Brooklyn, New York in order to reduce the financial burden on her parents while her father established his medical practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The scientists depicted were Barbara McClintock, John von Neumann, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Richard Feynman."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "During this period, molecular biology had developed significant new technology, and scientists were able to show the molecular basis for transposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "This honor allowed her to continue working with graduate students and colleagues in the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory as scientist emerita; she lived in the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "Based on the reactions of other scientists to her work, McClintock felt she risked alienating the scientific mainstream, and from 1953 was forced to stop publishing accounts of her research on controlling elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She remained a regular presence in the Cold Spring Harbor community, and gave talks on mobile genetic elements and the history of genetics research for the benefit of junior scientists."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock's father was a scientist at NASA.
| 4 | 8 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Doric Greek: [ar.kʰi.mɛː.dɛ̂ːs]; c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer."
}
] |
ejT8IX2j9PoEF1035CeG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Archimedes' principle | Influence",
"text": "The Latin poem Carmen de ponderibus"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Doric Greek: [ar.kʰi.mɛː.dɛ̂ːs]; c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings",
"text": "Archimedes' work was translated into Arabic by Thābit ibn Qurra (836–901 AD), and Latin by Gerard of Cremona (c. 1114–1187 AD)."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings",
"text": "During the Renaissance, the Editio Princeps (First Edition) was published in Basel in 1544 by Johann Herwagen with the works of Archimedes in Greek and Latin."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "This quote is often given in Latin as \"Noli turbare circulos meos,\" but there is no reliable evidence that Archimedes uttered these words and they do not appear in the account given by Plutarch."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The inscription around the head of Archimedes is a quote attributed to him which reads in Latin: Transire suum pectus mundoque potiri ('Rise above oneself and grasp the world)'."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Archimedes Palimpsest",
"text": "The foremost document containing the work of Archimedes is the Archimedes Palimpsest."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Archimedes Palimpsest",
"text": "The treatises in the Archimedes Palimpsest include: On the Equilibrium of Planes"
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Archimedes' screw",
"text": "The world's first seagoing steamship with a screw propeller was the SS Archimedes, which was launched in 1839 and named in honor of Archimedes and his work on the screw."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Claw of Archimedes",
"text": "The Claw of Archimedes is a weapon that he is said to have designed in order to defend the city of Syracuse."
}
] |
Archimedes was a Latin inventor and teacher.
| 0 | 2 |
Archimedes
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "The Mists of Avalon takes the tradition of multiple Ladies one step further."
}
] |
ejWv0FqVnyaMBdHnbQVZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later appearances",
"text": "Some other authors choose to emphasize a single character."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances",
"text": "This is translated as \"Our Lady of the Lake\", making reference to Mary, mother of Jesus as the Lady of the Lake, evidencing fusion between Arthurian legend and middle-Christian history."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "The Lady of the Lake is referenced several times as Lancelot's mother, but she never appears; the episode titled \"The Lady of the Lake\" does not feature her and instead refers to Prince Charming's mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "The Lady of the Lake has appeared in Hellblazer, Aquaman, and her sister's own series."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "After Taliesin's death, Charis takes care of Merlin at Lake Logres, hence her name \"Lady of the Lake\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The Lady's lake",
"text": "A number of locations are traditionally associated with the Lady of the Lake's abode."
},
{
"section_header": "The Lady's lake",
"text": "Such places within Great Britain include the lakes Dozmary Pool and The Loe in Cornwall, the lakes Llyn Llydaw and Llyn Ogwen in Snowdonia, River Brue's area of Pomparles Bridge in Somerset, and the lake Loch Arthur in Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "The Lady's lake",
"text": "In France, Viviane is also connected with Brittany's Paimpont forest, often identified as the Arthurian enchanted forest of Brocéliande, where her lake (that is, the Lake of Diana) is said to be located at the castle Château de Comper."
},
{
"section_header": "In medieval literature | In Le Morte d'Arthur",
"text": "The second Lady of the Lake is sometimes referred to by her title and sometimes referred to by name."
},
{
"section_header": "In medieval literature | In Le Morte d'Arthur",
"text": "She then proceeds to perform some of the same actions as the Lady of the Lake of his sources but is different in some ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Later appearances | 20th–21st century",
"text": "The Mists of Avalon takes the tradition of multiple Ladies one step further."
}
] |
The Lady of the Lake is a single entity.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lady of the Lake
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Research history",
"text": "In 1825 J. F. Engelhart discovered that the ratio of iron to protein is identical in the hemoglobins of several species."
}
] |
ekBQegRjcP20IEwHZpyE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Diagnostic uses",
"text": "and at least 10.5 g/dL during the 2nd trimester."
},
{
"section_header": "Genetics",
"text": "The best known hemoglobinopathy is sickle-cell disease, which was the first human disease whose mechanism was understood at the molecular level."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of heme | Oxygen saturation | Deoxygenated hemoglobin",
"text": "This difference also accounts for the presentation of cyanosis, the blue to purplish color that tissues develop during hypoxia."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of heme | Oxygen saturation | Oxyhemoglobin",
"text": "Oxyhemoglobin is formed during physiological respiration when oxygen binds to the heme component of the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Cooperativity",
"text": "The binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is increased by the oxygen saturation of the molecule, with the first molecules of oxygen bound influencing the shape of the binding sites for the next ones, in a way favorable for binding."
},
{
"section_header": "Genetics",
"text": "Mammoth hemoglobin featured mutations that allowed for oxygen delivery at lower temperatures, thus enabling mammoths to migrate to higher latitudes during the Pleistocene."
},
{
"section_header": "Research history",
"text": "From the known atomic mass of iron he calculated the molecular mass of hemoglobin to n × 16000 (n = number of iron atoms per hemoglobin, now known to be 4), the first determination of a protein's molecular mass."
},
{
"section_header": "Binding for ligands other than oxygen | Competitive",
"text": "The iron atom in the heme group must initially be in the ferrous (Fe2+) oxidation state to support oxygen and other gases' binding and transport (it temporarily switches to ferric during the time oxygen is bound, as explained above)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hemoglobin (American English) or haemoglobin (British English) (Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -in) + -o- + globulin (from Latin globus (“ball, sphere”) + -in) (), abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Diagnostic uses",
"text": "Normal levels are: Men: Normal levels are: Men: 13.8 to 18.0 g/dL (138 to 180 g/L, or 8.56 to 11.17 mmol/L) Normal levels are: Men: Normal levels are: Men: 13.8 to 18.0 g/dL (138 to 180 g/L, or 8.56 to 11.17 mmol/L) Women: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL (121 to 151 g/L, or 7.51 to 9.37 mmol/L) Normal levels are: Men: Normal levels are: Men: 13.8 to 18.0 g/dL (138 to 180 g/L, or 8.56 to 11.17 mmol/L) Normal levels are: Men: Normal levels are: Men: 13.8 to 18.0 g/dL (138 to 180 g/L, or 8.56 to 11.17 mmol/L) Women: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL (121 to 151 g/L, or 7.51 to 9.37 mmol/L) Children: 11 to 16 g/dL (110 to 160 g/L, or 6.83 to 9.93 mmol/L) Pregnant women: 11 to 14 g/dL (110 to 140 g/L, or 6.83 to 8.69 mmol/L) (9.5 to 15 usual value during pregnancy)Normal values of hemoglobin in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnant women must be at least 11 g/dL"
},
{
"section_header": "Research history",
"text": "In 1825 J. F. Engelhart discovered that the ratio of iron to protein is identical in the hemoglobins of several species."
}
] |
Haemoglobin was first spotted during the 19th century.
| 0 | 0 |
Hemoglobin
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "In January 2011, she revealed her struggle with chronic iritis that had caused temporary blindness in one eye."
}
] |
ekjuXN0MbyRzjBOurf1p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "In January 2011, she revealed her struggle with chronic iritis that had caused temporary blindness in one eye."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "Her left eye is brown, while her right eye is green."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "My first sentence of my essay to get into college was like, 'Imagine being blind and deaf at age seven.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "The film received generally poor reviews and had a limited two-week run in theaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 2011, Kunis was escorted by Sgt."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "The couple have two children: a daughter born in October 2014 and a son born in November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2012: Film breakthrough and acclaim",
"text": "\"Kunis makes a perfect alternate to Portman, equally as lithe and dark but a smirk of self-assurance in place of Portman's wide-eyed fearfulness."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "She won two consecutive Young Star Awards as Best Young Actress in a Comedy TV Series in 1999 and 2000 for her performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2012: Film breakthrough and acclaim",
"text": "Kunis was cast alongside Justin Timberlake in the 2011 romantic comedy Friends with Benefits."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "Her first television roles took place in 1994, first appearing on Days of Our Lives, and a few months later doing her first of two appearances on Baywatch."
}
] |
In 2011, She struggled with chronic iritis that caused temporary blindness in two of her eyes.
| 4 | 6 |
Mila Kunis
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film career | Subsequent success: 1977–1999",
"text": "In 1977, at 49th Academy Awards Rocky was nominated for ten Awards, including Best Actor and Best Original Screenplay nominations for Stallone."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Subsequent success: 1977–1999",
"text": "Stallone launched another major franchise, starring as Vietnam veteran John Rambo, a former Green Beret, in the action film First Blood (1982), which was both a critical and box office success."
}
] |
el37PZURyUinzgjAdvfP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sylvester Enzio Stallone (; born Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone, July 6, 1946) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, producer and artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Other film works",
"text": "The book also contained many photographs of Stallone throughout the years as well as pictures of him performing exercises."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "Stallone's fourth installment of his other successful movie franchise was titled simply Rambo (John Rambo in some countries where the first movie was titled Rambo)."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "The budget of the movie was only US$24 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He wrote or co-wrote most of the films in his three biggest franchises, and directed many of them."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His younger brother is actor and musician Frank Stallone."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "The movie, which was filmed during summer/winter 2009, was released on August 13, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Subsequent success: 1977–1999",
"text": "In 1977, at 49th Academy Awards Rocky was nominated for ten Awards, including Best Actor and Best Original Screenplay nominations for Stallone."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "The movie took US$34,825,135 in its opening weekend, going straight in at No. 1 in the US box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Other film works",
"text": "In July 2009, Stallone appeared in a cameo in the Bollywood movie Kambakkht Ishq where he played himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Subsequent success: 1977–1999",
"text": "Stallone launched another major franchise, starring as Vietnam veteran John Rambo, a former Green Beret, in the action film First Blood (1982), which was both a critical and box office success."
}
] |
Sylvester Stallone is an actor who has been successful for many of his movies.
| 0 | 5 |
Sylvester Stallone
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Early relationships",
"text": "In 1986, she told Rolling Stone: \"Harry was real popular and had tons of girlfriends, but eventually I got him, and we went steady for a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion",
"text": "Turner has sometimes referred to herself as a \"Buddhist-Baptist\", alluding to her upbringing in the Baptist church and her later conversion to Buddhism."
}
] |
el4rifiCGXLvN4iegNbP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raised a Baptist, she became an adherent of Nichiren Buddhism in 1973, crediting the spiritual chant of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo with helping her to endure during difficult times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion",
"text": "Turner has sometimes referred to herself as a \"Buddhist-Baptist\", alluding to her upbringing in the Baptist church and her later conversion to Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Mainstream success: 1966–1975",
"text": "In the fall of 1969, Ike and Tina's profile in their home country was raised after opening for the Rolling Stones on their US tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "a young girl, Bullock sang in the church choir at Nutbush's Spring Hill Baptist Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "She also adopted two of Ike Turner's children, Ike Turner Jr. (born October 3, 1958) and Michael Turner (born February 23, 1960), raising them as her own."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bullock went to stay with her strict, religious paternal grandparents, Alex and Roxanna Bullock, who were deacon and deaconess at the Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Early success: 1960–1965",
"text": "Their singles \"Tell Her I'm Not Home\" released on Loma and \"Good Bye, So Long\" released on Modern Records were top 40 R&B hits in 1965.Tina's own profile was raised after several solo appearances on shows such as American Bandstand and Shindig!"
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner said he'd call her but never did."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner added his last name and trademarked the name as a form of protection, so that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another \"Tina Turner\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Murray also convinced Turner to make Bullock \"the star of the show\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Early relationships",
"text": "In 1986, she told Rolling Stone: \"Harry was real popular and had tons of girlfriends, but eventually I got him, and we went steady for a year."
}
] |
Turner was raised Baptist but converted to Islam as an adult.
| 0 | 1 |
Tina Turner
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He spent most of his childhood at his family's two homes, the first a large house in Dublin and the second Dangan Castle, 3 miles (5 km) north of Summerhill on the Trim Road (now the R158) in County Meath."
}
] |
el8kDZRzLpVnfyDD4kN6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "The marriage proved unsatisfactory and the two spent years apart while he was campaigning."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "The two widowers spent their last years together at Apsley House."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Peninsular War | 1809",
"text": "Wellesley arrived in Lisbon on 22 April 1809 on board HMS Surveillante, after narrowly escaping shipwreck."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | India | Fourth Anglo-Mysore War | Seringapatam",
"text": "Wellesley suffered a minor injury to his knee from a spent musket-ball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He went to the diocesan school in Trim when at Dangan, Mr Whyte's Academy when in Dublin, and Brown's School in Chelsea when in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "While on campaign, he seldom ate anything between breakfast and dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | India | Fourth Anglo-Mysore War | Seringapatam",
"text": "In the confusion Colonel Wellesley was himself struck on the knee by a spent ball, and narrowly escaped falling into the hands of the enemy."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | India",
"text": "Arriving in Calcutta in February 1797 he spent several months there, before being sent on a brief expedition to the Philippines, where he established a list of new hygiene precautions for his men to deal with the unfamiliar climate."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "\"A year later, Arthur enrolled in the French Royal Academy of Equitation in Angers, where he progressed significantly, becoming a good horseman and learning French, which later proved very useful."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "They had Arthur in 1807 and Charles in 1808."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He spent most of his childhood at his family's two homes, the first a large house in Dublin and the second Dangan Castle, 3 miles (5 km) north of Summerhill on the Trim Road (now the R158) in County Meath."
}
] |
Arthur Wellesley spent most of the years before he was an adult at a boarding school.
| 0 | 0 |
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Chinatowns have been referenced in various films including The Joy Luck Club, Big Trouble in Little China, Year of the Dragon and Chinatown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "jan4 gaai1) is an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, most often in an urban setting."
}
] |
el8zdeL3Fs42jJ0rechw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s to the present",
"text": "The New York metropolitan area, consisting of New York City, Long Island, and nearby areas within the states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania, is home to the largest Chinese American population of any metropolitan area within the United States and the largest Chinese population outside of China, enumerating an estimated 893,697 in 2017 and including at least 12 Chinatowns."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Demographics",
"text": "For example, San Jose, California in the United States has 63,434 people (2010 U.S. Census) of Chinese descent, and yet \"does not have a Chinatown\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "jan4 gaai1) is an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, most often in an urban setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Demographics",
"text": "In some free countries such as the United States and Canada, housing laws that prevent discrimination also allows neighborhoods that may have been characterized as \"All Chinese\" to also allow non-Chinese to reside in these communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the mid-19th century during the California gold rush and Victoria gold rush, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "Economic opportunity drove the building of further Chinatowns in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Demographics",
"text": "The early Chinatowns such as those in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the United States were naturally destinations for people of Chinese descent as migration were the result of opportunities such as the California Gold Rush and the Transcontinental Railroad drawing the population in, creating natural Chinese enclaves that were almost always 100% exclusively Han Chinese, which included both people born in China and in the enclave, in this case American-born Chinese."
},
{
"section_header": "History | In the West",
"text": "The initial Chinatowns were built in the Western United States in states such as California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, and Arizona."
},
{
"section_header": "Names | In Chinese",
"text": "Chinatowns in Southeast Asia have unique Chinese names used by the local Chinese, as there are large populations of people who are Overseas Chinese, living within the various major cities of Southeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Demographics",
"text": "Newer developments like those in Norwich, Connecticut, and the San Gabriel Valley, which are not necessarily considered \"Chinatowns\" in the sense that they do not necessarily contain the Chinese architectures or Chinese language signs as signatures of an officially sanctioned area that was designated either in law or signage stating so, differentiate areas that are called \"Chinatowns\" versus locations that have \"significant\" populations of people of Chinese descent."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Chinatowns have been referenced in various films including The Joy Luck Club, Big Trouble in Little China, Year of the Dragon and Chinatown."
}
] |
Chinatown is any area that has a group of Asian people that live outside of the country of China in the United States.
| 1 | 6 |
Chinatown
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the Mahābhārata in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of William Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Quran."
}
] |
elHdJAC5AL8oOiN2jcHl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the Mahābhārata in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of William Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Quran."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Critical Edition",
"text": "Between 1919 and 1966, scholars at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, compared the various manuscripts of the epic from India and abroad and produced the Critical Edition of the Mahabharata, on 13,000 pages in 19 volumes, followed by the Harivamsha in another two volumes and six index volumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Just war",
"text": "The Mahābhārata offers one of the first instances of theorizing about dharmayuddha, \"just war\", illustrating many of the standards that would be debated later across the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Critical Edition",
"text": "This work is sometimes called the \"Pune\" or \"Poona\" edition of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "He is born healthy and grows up to be one of the wisest characters in the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Derivative literature",
"text": "The first important play of 20th century was Andha Yug (The Blind Epoch), by Dharamvir Bharati, which came in 1955, found in Mahabharat, both an ideal source and expression of modern predicaments and discontent."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "Prakash Jha directed 2010 film Raajneeti was partially inspired by the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Jain version",
"text": "The main battle is not the Mahabharata, but the fight between Krishna and Jarasandha (who is killed by Krishna)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The historicity of the Kurukshetra War is unclear."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Many historians estimate the date of the Kurukshetra war to Iron Age India of the 10th century BCE."
}
] |
W.J. Johnson has compared the importance of the Mahabharata in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible.
| 3 | 6 |
Mahabharata
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705."
}
] |
elOzfc3FW7IWGV8nvkdz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | End of the dynasty",
"text": "In 907 the Tang dynasty was ended when Zhu deposed Ai and took the throne for himself (known posthumously as Emperor Taizu of Later Liang)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | End of the dynasty",
"text": "He established the Later Liang, which inaugurated the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy | Eastern regions",
"text": "In East Asia, Tang Chinese military campaigns were less successful elsewhere than in previous imperial Chinese dynasties."
},
{
"section_header": "History | End of the dynasty",
"text": "In 903 he controlled the imperial court and forced Emperor Zhaozong of Tang to move the capital to Luoyang, preparing to take the throne himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration and politics | Imperial examinations",
"text": "From Tang times until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, scholar-officials functioned often as intermediaries between the grassroots level and the government."
},
{
"section_header": "Science and technology | Woodblock printing",
"text": "Therefore, there were more lower-class people seen entering the Imperial Examinations and passing them by the later Song dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Chang'an, the Tang capital",
"text": "However, incidentally it was not the economic hub during the Tang dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration and politics | Initial reforms",
"text": "Building upon the Sui legal code, he issued a new legal code that subsequent Chinese dynasties would model theirs upon, as well as neighboring polities in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Cuisine",
"text": "\"Boiled cake was the staple of the Northern Dynasty, and it kept its popularity in the Tang dynasty."
}
] |
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of Japan.
| 1 | 2 |
Tang Dynasty
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [siˈtʃiːlja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [sɪˈʃiːlja]) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy."
}
] |
elhAgd69ax1eACz0xZ7K
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "Italy became a Republic in 1946 and, as part of the Constitution of Italy, Sicily was one of the five regions given special status as an autonomous region."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Italian unification",
"text": "As a result of the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, Sicily became part of the kingdom on 17 March 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "About five million people live in Sicily, making it the fourth most populated region in Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Flag and emblem",
"text": "The flag became the official public flag of the Regione Siciliana in January 2000, after the passing of an apposite regional law which advocates its use on public buildings, schools and city halls along with the national Italian flag and the European one."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Language",
"text": "However the use of Sicilian is limited to informal contexts (mostly in family) and in a majority of cases it is replaced by the so-called regional Italian of Sicily, an Italian dialect that is a kind of mix between Italian and Sicilian."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Thanks to the regular growth of the last years, Sicily is the eighth largest regional economy of Italy in terms of total GDP (see List of Italian regions by GDP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [siˈtʃiːlja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [sɪˈʃiːlja]) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Like the cuisine of the rest of southern Italy, pasta plays an important part in Sicilian cuisine, as does rice; for example with arancine."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Like the South of Italy and Sardinia, immigration to the island is very low compared to other regions of Italy because workers tend to head to Northern Italy instead, due to better employment and industrial opportunities."
}
] |
Sicily is called Regione Siciliana and is part of Italy.
| 1 | 1 |
Sicily
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In turn, she makes him her heir and gives him a (stolen) gold watch."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Moll reveals herself now to her son in Virginia and he gives her her mother's inheritance, a farm for which he will now be her steward, providing £100 a year income for her."
}
] |
eliAizJeLrHYJoMW0J3t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Spiritual autobiography",
"text": "He does discuss Moll Flanders at length, stating that the disconnectedness of the events in the book can be attributed to the book's spiritual autobiographical nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Spiritual autobiography",
"text": "Starr's main criticism of the book as a work of spiritual autobiography stems from the fact that only part, and not all, of Moll's actions contain spiritual significance."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Moll carefully introduces herself to her brother and their son, in disguise."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, he assures Moll that their son will be well cared for, so she leaves yet another child behind."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Once in the colonies, Moll learns her mother has left her a plantation and that her own son (by her brother) is alive, as is her husband/brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She is helped throughout her career as a thief by her Governess, who also acts as receiver. (During this time she briefly becomes the mistress of a man she robbed.) Moll is finally caught by two maids whilst trying to steal from a house."
},
{
"section_header": "Spiritual autobiography",
"text": "His focus in the book is primarily on Robinson Crusoe, as that is Defoe's book that follows the clearest pattern of spiritual autobiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Spiritual autobiography",
"text": "George Starr's book, titled Defoe and Spiritual Autobiography, analyses the pattern of spiritual autobiography, and how it is found in Defoe's books."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "Includes a chapter on Moll Flanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Historically, the book was occasionally the subject of police censorship."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In turn, she makes him her heir and gives him a (stolen) gold watch."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Moll reveals herself now to her son in Virginia and he gives her her mother's inheritance, a farm for which he will now be her steward, providing £100 a year income for her."
}
] |
In the book Moll Flanders, Moll's son receives a silver tie pin from her.
| 0 | 4 |
Moll Flanders
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Shortly after the war, he married; and McGraw's older half-sister was born."
}
] |
eliLdaA7u7YTlJtuGR1S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "He eventually found one in stockbroker Charles Stoneham."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The younger John McGraw was named \"John\" after his father, and \"Joseph\" after his grandfather back in Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "\" McGraw was one of the first to use a relief pitcher to save games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Much lauded as a player, McGraw was one of the standard-bearers of dead-ball era baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "They had the younger John McGraw on April 7, 1873."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous honors",
"text": "The John McGraw Monument stands in his hometown of Truxton."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "It was there that the elder John McGraw married young Ellen Comerfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Kenney had seen a lot of baseball by this time, and doubted that his former pitcher's one great pitch (the \"outcurve\", as it was called) would work as effectively against professional competition."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "McGraw's father (whose name was also John) and his older brother Michael emigrated from Ireland in 1856."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "According to Rogers Hornsby, who served as a player-coach for the Giants in 1927, either McGraw or one of his coaches would knock on the players' hotel room doors at 11:30 sharp—and someone was expected to answer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Shortly after the war, he married; and McGraw's older half-sister was born."
}
] |
John McGraw had one sibling.
| 1 | 7 |
John McGraw
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Both his parents were pianists."
}
] |
elntFEhkqHlMWyEpxJ7W
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | The early 1930s",
"text": "He had composed and recorded \"Creole Rhapsody\" as early as 1931 (issued as both sides of a 12\" record for Victor and both sides of a 10\" record for Brunswick), and a tribute to his mother, \"Reminiscing in Tempo\", took four 10\" record sides to record in 1935 after her death in that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The later 1930s",
"text": "In the summer of that year, his father died, and due to many expenses, Ellington's finances were tight, although his situation improved the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The later 1930s",
"text": "It was not uncommon for Strayhorn to fill in for Duke, whether in conducting or rehearsing the band, playing the piano, on stage, and in the recording studio."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last years",
"text": "Like Haydn and Mozart, Ellington conducted his orchestra from the piano – he always played the keyboard parts when the Sacred Concerts were performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "As an adult, son Mercer Ellington (d. 1996) played trumpet and piano, led his own band, and worked as his father's business manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Hearing the music of the poolroom pianists ignited Ellington's love for the instrument, and he began to take his piano studies seriously."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Both his parents were pianists."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Duke's father was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, on April 15, 1879, and moved to D.C. in 1886 with his parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "So he called me Duke.\"Though Ellington took piano lessons, he was more interested in baseball. \" President Roosevelt (Teddy) would come by on his horse sometimes, and stop and watch us play\", he recalled."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ellington in the early to mid-1940s",
"text": "While some jazz musicians had played at Carnegie Hall before, none had performed anything as elaborate as Ellington's work."
}
] |
Both Ellington's father and mother also played the piano.
| 1 | 1 |
Duke Ellington
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Page was born November 22, 1924 in Kirksville, Missouri, the second child of Edna Pearl (née Maize) and Leon Elwin Page who worked at Andrew Taylor Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery (combined with the American School of Osteopathy, eventually to form A.T. Still University)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She earned acclaim for her work on Broadway as well as in major Hollywood films and television productions, garnering an Oscar (from eight nominations), two Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globes, one BAFTA Award, and four nominations for the Tony Award."
}
] |
emKdSGnyJJyicjKQ8GQc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Mid-career work",
"text": "For her performance, Page was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, and won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Geraldine Sue Page (November 22, 1924 – June 13, 1987) was an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later work and final performances",
"text": "\"In 1986, she appeared on Broadway in The Circle by W. Somerset Maugham; during this production, Page won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Trip to Bountiful."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "Page earned a total of seven Oscar nominations before winning her first Academy Award for Best Actress in 1985 for The Trip to Bountiful."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A native of Kirksville, Missouri"
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Dictionary of Missouri Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Kirksville, Missouri: Thomas Jefferson University Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "ISBN 978-1-557-83566-6. OCLC 1023578411.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Carroll, Joseph (2013). \" Geraldine Page\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "ISBN 978-0-713-45305-8. OCLC 906521157.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Schechner, Richard (1964). \" The Bottomess Cup: An interview with Geraldine Page\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Page was born November 22, 1924 in Kirksville, Missouri, the second child of Edna Pearl (née Maize) and Leon Elwin Page who worked at Andrew Taylor Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery (combined with the American School of Osteopathy, eventually to form A.T. Still University)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She earned acclaim for her work on Broadway as well as in major Hollywood films and television productions, garnering an Oscar (from eight nominations), two Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globes, one BAFTA Award, and four nominations for the Tony Award."
}
] |
Geraldine Page was an actress that won an Oscar and is a from Missouri.
| 0 | 0 |
Geraldine Page
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Georg Strauss (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist."
}
] |
emrozfuopZHQ5UaVh6pr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Success in conducting and tone poems (1885–1898)",
"text": "Hermann Levi, the senior conductor at the house, was often ill and Strauss was required to step in at the last minute to conduct performance for operas which he had never rehearsed."
},
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Metamorphosen and apprehension by US troops",
"text": "As he descended the staircase he announced to Lieutenant Milton Weiss of the U.S. Army, \"I am Richard Strauss, the composer of Rosenkavalier and Salome."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career (1864–1886)",
"text": "Indeed, in the Strauss household, the music of Richard Wagner was viewed with deep suspicion, and it was not until the age of 16 that Strauss was able to obtain a score of Tristan und Isolde."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Georg Strauss (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist."
},
{
"section_header": "Fame and success with operas (1898–1933)",
"text": "Franz and Alice had two sons, Richard and Christian."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "However, Strauss's style began to truly develop and change when, in 1885, he met Alexander Ritter, a noted composer and violinist, and the husband of one of Richard Wagner's nieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered a leading composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras, he has been described as a successor of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in conducting and tone poems (1885–1898)",
"text": "\" Brahms' music, like Wagner's, also left a tremendous impression upon Strauss, and he often referred to this time of his life as his ‘Brahmsschwärmerei’ (‘Brahms adoration’) during which several his compositions clearly show Brahms' influence, including Wandrers Sturmlied (1884) and Burleske (1885–86).\" In 1885 Strauss met the composer Alexander Ritter who was a violinist in the Meiningen orchestra and the husband of one of Richard Wagner's nieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Lieder",
"text": "Strauss was a prolific composer of lieder."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Opera",
"text": "For Intermezzo (1924) Strauss provided his own libretto."
}
] |
Richard Strauss was not the inventor of the jean brand Levi Strauss.
| 0 | 0 |
Richard Strauss
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Channel Tunnel (French: Le tunnel sous la Manche), also referred to as the Chunnel, is a 50.45-kilometre (31.35 mi) railway tunnel that connects Folkestone (Kent, England) with Coquelles (Pas-de-Calais, France), beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover."
}
] |
enJYueySLxQWaTQ0FcCU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origins | Initiation of project",
"text": "Four submissions were shortlisted: Channel Tunnel, a rail proposal based on the 1975 scheme presented by Channel Tunnel Group/France–Manche (CTG/F–M). Eurobridge, a 35 km (22 mi) suspension bridge with a series of 5 km (3.1 mi) spans with a roadway in an enclosed tube."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "On it are the words \"hommage aux bâtisseurs du tunnel\", meaning \"tribute to the builders of the tunnel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "Tunnelling was a major engineering challenge, with the only precedent being the undersea Seikan Tunnel in Japan, which opened in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "On the English side, the land tunnels were driven from Shakespeare Cliff – same place as the marine tunnels – not from Folkestone."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "The French TBMs then completed the tunnel and were dismantled."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "The French one was based on the Mount Baker Ridge freeway tunnel in Seattle; the UK cavern was dug from the service tunnel ahead of the main ones, to avoid delay."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "The tunnel also had the challenge of time: being privately funded, early financial return was paramount."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "The objective was to construct two 7.6-metre-diameter (25 ft) rail tunnels, 30 metres (98 ft) apart, 50 kilometres (31 mi) in length; a 4.8-metre-diameter (16 ft) service tunnel between the two main ones; pairs of 3.3-metre-diameter (11 ft) cross-passages linking the rail tunnels to the service one at 375-metre (1,230 ft) spacing; piston relief ducts 2 metres (7 ft) in diameter connecting the rail tunnels 250 metres (820 ft) apart; two undersea crossover caverns to connect the rail tunnels, with the service tunnel always preceding the main ones by at least 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) to ascertain the ground conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "Towards the completion of the undersea drives, the UK TBMs were driven steeply downwards and buried clear of the tunnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Tunnelling",
"text": "This minimised the impact to the ground, allowed high water pressures to be withstood and it also alleviated the need to grout ahead of the tunnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Channel Tunnel (French: Le tunnel sous la Manche), also referred to as the Chunnel, is a 50.45-kilometre (31.35 mi) railway tunnel that connects Folkestone (Kent, England) with Coquelles (Pas-de-Calais, France), beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover."
}
] |
The tunnel spans 50450 meters.
| 0 | 8 |
Channel Tunnel
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is married to dancer and choreographer Benjamin Millepied, with whom she has two children."
}
] |
enKDIanWpE4itpnC3glU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Background",
"text": "Describing her early life, Portman has said that she was \"different from the other kids."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Dickerson, James L. (2002). Natalie Portman: Queen of Hearts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Natalie Portman (born Neta-Lee Hershlag; June 9, 1981) is an actress and filmmaker with dual Israeli and American citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Background",
"text": "I was a very serious kid.\" Portman has professed an interest in foreign languages since childhood and has studied French, Japanese, German, and Arabic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is married to dancer and choreographer Benjamin Millepied, with whom she has two children."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Dickerson, James L. (2012). Natalie Portman's Stark Reality: A Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting credits and awards",
"text": "She has received two more Academy Award nominations: Best Supporting Actress for Closer and Best Actress for Jackie; and two more Golden Globe nominations: Best Supporting Actress for Anywhere"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and in the media",
"text": "Portman is married to French danseur and choreographer Benjamin Millepied, with whom she has two children, son Aleph (b. 2011) and daughter Amalia (b. 2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Later, at a naming ceremony, Portman named a baby gorilla Gukina, which means \"to play.\" Portman has been an advocate of environmental causes since childhood, when she joined an environmental song and dance troupe known as World Patrol Kids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prolific in film since a teenager, she has starred in blockbusters and also played psychologically troubled women in independent films, for which she has received various accolades, including an Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards."
}
] |
Natalie Portman has two kids.
| 2 | 4 |
Natalie Portman
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the 1840s in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived as a boy."
}
] |
enKb0NlcoshKcUHX5D8d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tom Sawyer, an orphan, lives with his Aunt Polly and his half-brother Sid in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, Missouri sometime in the 1840s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the 1840s in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived as a boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Ballet",
"text": "Tom Sawyer: A Ballet in Three Acts premiered on October 14, 2011, at the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts in Kansas City, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Henceforth, the boys live in constant fear of Joe's revenge on them for incriminating him."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Theatrical",
"text": "In 1956, We're From Missouri, a musical adaptation of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, with book, music, and lyrics by Tom Boyd, was presented by the students at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tom falls in love with Becky Thatcher, a new girl in town and the daughter of a prominent judge."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "Tom Sawyer (1973), musical adaptation by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman, with Johnny Whitaker in the title role, Jeff East as Huck Finn, Jodie Foster as Becky Thatcher, and Celeste Holm as Aunt Polly."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1968), a half-hour live-action/animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions"
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels and other works featuring Tom Sawyer",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896)Tom Sawyer, the story's title character, also appears in two other uncompleted sequels: Huck and Tom Among the Indians and Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "The two other subsequent books, Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer, Detective, are similarly in the first person narrative from the perspective of Huckleberry Finn."
}
] |
Sawyer was an orphan living with his Aunt in a town inspired by Hancock, Missouri.
| 2 | 3 |
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], \"Potbelly Hill\") is an archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey approximately 12 km (7 mi) northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa."
}
] |
enjoBdjuvwo7589nLrVJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, the site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], \"Potbelly Hill\") is an archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey approximately 12 km (7 mi) northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "The stated goals of the GHF Göbekli Tepe project are to support the preparation of a site management and conservation plan, construction of a shelter over the exposed archaeological features, training community members in guiding and conservation, and helping Turkish authorities secure UNESCO World Heritage Site designation for GT."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "He reviewed the archaeological literature on the surrounding area, found the 1963 Chicago researchers’ brief description of Göbekli Tepe, and decided to reexamine the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "This could indicate that this type of architecture and associated activities originated at Göbekli Tepe, and then spread to other sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer II",
"text": "Fragments of a similar pole also were discovered about 20 years ago in another Turkey site at Nevalı Çori."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer II",
"text": "A stone pillar resembling totem pole designs was discovered at Göbekli Tepe, Layer II in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Most of these constructions seem to be smaller than Göbekli Tepe, and their placement evenly between contemporary settlements indicates that they were local social-ritual gathering places, with Göbekli Tepe perhaps as a regional centre."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "In 2010, Global Heritage Fund (GHF) announced it will undertake a multi-year conservation program to preserve Göbekli Tepe."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronological context",
"text": "All statements about the site must be considered preliminary, as less than 5% of the site has been excavated, and Schmidt planned to leave much of it untouched to be explored by future generations when archaeological techniques will presumably have improved."
}
] |
Göbekli Tepe is an archaeological site in the Northeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018.
| 0 | 0 |
Göbekli Tepe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."
}
] |
eoNbWT31x1xPMMF043j4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "It was first performed by the ensemble Accroche-Note of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "It was first performed by baritone Anthony Schneider and pianist Rosemary Barnes in Vienna, Austria the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "In 1969, he conceived, arranged, directed, sang on, and played piano and harmonium for an album of songs entitled Songs of Innocence and Experience by William Blake, tuned by Allen Ginsberg (1970).American composer and producer"
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Innocence",
"text": "Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The volume's \"Contrary States\" are sometimes signalled by patently repeated or contrasted titles: in Innocence, Infant Joy, in Experience, Infant Sorrow; in Innocence, The Lamb, in Experience, The Fly and The Tyger."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "\"The Little Black Boy\" was set to music in the song \"My Mother Bore Me\" from Maury Yeston's musical Phantom."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "The poet Allen Ginsberg believed the poems were originally intended to be sung, and that through study of the rhyme and metre of the works, a Blakean performance could be approximately replicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "Popular rock group U2 released an album called Songs of Innocence in 2014, and followed it in 2017 with Songs of Experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."
}
] |
Songs of Innocence and Experience was first sold as a harmonium of secular sheet music, but they were sometimes performed in religious settings.
| 0 | 0 |
Songs of Experience
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The resort comprises four theme parks (consisting of Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios, and Disney's Animal Kingdom), two water parks, 27 themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs."
}
] |
eolDcUfGjmh6EO20Agyf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Resorts",
"text": "Of the thirty-four resorts and hotels on the Walt Disney World property, 28 are owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Roy Disney's oversight of construction",
"text": "Twenty-four days after the park opened, Roy O. Disney dedicated the property and declared that it would be known as \"Walt Disney World\" in his brother's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Former attractions",
"text": "Disney's River Country – the first water park at the Walt Disney World Resort."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Roy Disney's oversight of construction",
"text": "Walt Disney World is in memory of the man who started it all, so people will know his name as long as Walt Disney World is here.\" After the dedication, Roy Disney asked Walt's widow, Lillian, what she thought of Walt Disney World."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Former attractions",
"text": "Walt Disney World Speedway – a racetrack at Walt Disney World and included the Richard Petty Driving Experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Resorts",
"text": "While all of the Deluxe resort hotels have achieved an AAA Four Diamond rating, Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa is considered the highest-tier flagship luxury resort on the Walt Disney World Resort complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Employment",
"text": "The resort also sponsors and operates the Walt Disney World College Program, an internship program that offers American college students (CPs) the opportunity to live about 15 miles (24 km) off-site in four Disney-owned apartment complexes and work at the resort, and thereby provides much of the theme park and resort \"front line\" cast members."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first operated by Walt Disney World Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "Fantasia Fairways is a traditional golf course on miniature scale having water hazards and sand traps."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World and Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in the United States, near the cities of Orlando and Kissimmee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The resort comprises four theme parks (consisting of Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios, and Disney's Animal Kingdom), two water parks, 27 themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs."
}
] |
Walt Disney World does have four different parks.
| 0 | 0 |
Walt Disney World
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "Work on the foundations started on 28 January 1887."
}
] |
eoxu2WiGtTA9DABJbRKE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Artists' protest",
"text": "Prior to the Eiffel Tower's construction, no structure had ever been constructed to a height of at least 300 metres, and many people believed it impossible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Wind considerations",
"text": "When it was built, many were shocked by the tower's daring form."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Passenger lifts",
"text": "The arrangement of the lifts has been changed several times during the tower's history."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origin",
"text": "Eiffel initially showed little enthusiasm, but he did approve further study, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre, the head of company's architectural department, to contribute to the design."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "At first, the legs were constructed as cantilevers, but about halfway to the first level construction was paused in order to create a substantial timber scaffold."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Artists' protest",
"text": "Guy de Maupassant supposedly ate lunch in the tower's restaurant every day because it was the one place in Paris where the tower was not visible."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "From 1925 to 1934, illuminated signs for Citroën adorned three of the tower's sides, making it the tallest advertising space in the world at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Illumination copyright",
"text": "In June 1990 a French court ruled that a special lighting display on the tower in 1989 to mark the tower's 100th anniversary was an \"original visual creation\" protected by copyright."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "Although construction involved 300 on-site employees, only one person died, due to Eiffel's safety precautions and the use of movable gangways, guardrails and screens."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "Work on the foundations started on 28 January 1887."
}
] |
The tower's construction was initiated in 1880.
| 3 | 5 |
Eiffel Tower
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period."
}
] |
epKXmLgjDKhqjm4DK5YI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Childhood",
"text": "But it was not considered proper, by either Abraham or Felix, for a woman to pursue a career in music, so she remained an active but non-professional musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Personal life | Mendelssohn and his contemporaries",
"text": "It is significant that the only musician with whom Mendelssohn remained a close personal friend, Ignaz Moscheles, was of an older generation and equally conservative in outlook."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Composer | Style",
"text": "\"Schumann wrote of Mendelssohn that he was \"the Mozart of the nineteenth century, the most brilliant musician, the one who most clearly sees through the contradictions of the age and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn was born into a prominent Jewish family."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Childhood",
"text": "The musician Sarah Rothenburg has written of the household that \"Europe came to their living room\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Surname",
"text": "In an 1829 letter to Felix, Abraham explained that adopting the Bartholdy name was meant to demonstrate a decisive break with the traditions of his father Moses: \"There can no more be a Christian Mendelssohn than there can be a Jewish Confucius\". (Letter to Felix of 8 July 1829)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Career | Düsseldorf",
"text": "Following this rebuff, Mendelssohn divided most of his professional time over the next few years between Britain and Düsseldorf, where he was appointed musical director (his first paid post as a musician) in 1833.In"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Career | Leipzig and Berlin",
"text": "In 1843 Mendelssohn founded a major music school – the Leipzig Conservatory, now the Hochschule für Musik und Theater \"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Childhood",
"text": "Abraham and Lea Mendelssohn sought to give their children – Fanny, Felix, Paul and Rebecka – the best education possible."
}
] |
Felix Mendelssohn was an Austrian musician.
| 0 | 0 |
Felix Mendelssohn
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During and slightly after college, she supported herself by cutting hair, cleaning houses and working as a switchboard operator."
}
] |
epXFbDw5cxsmxrNNvjpi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "While in college, Susan Tomalin met fellow student Chris Sarandon, a Greek-American, and the couple married on September 16, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism",
"text": "The same year, Sarandon received the Action Against Hunger Humanitarian Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their journey was documented by the BBC Wales programme, Coming Home: Susan Sarandon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The Miraculous Year, as Patty Atwood, a Broadway director/choreographer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Susan Abigail Sarandon (née Tomalin; born October 4, 1946) is an American actress and activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During and slightly after college, she supported herself by cutting hair, cleaning houses and working as a switchboard operator."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1969, Sarandon went to a casting call for the motion-picture Joe (1970) with her then-husband Chris Sarandon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sarandon was born in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism",
"text": "Sarandon was appointed an FAO Goodwill Ambassador in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism | Anti-war activism",
"text": "Sarandon and Robbins both took an early stance against the 2003 invasion of Iraq, with Sarandon stating that she was firmly against war as a pre-emptive strike."
}
] |
Susan Sarandon had a job as a bank clerk in her college years.
| 2 | 5 |
Susan Sarandon
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations | West African coast",
"text": "Superstitious seafarers held that beyond the cape lay sea monsters and the edge of the world."
}
] |
epgwjcTdtgbL36VCW2Ng
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration",
"text": "Referring to Sagres, sixteenth-century Portuguese mathematician and cosmographer Pedro Nunes remarked, \"from it our sailors went out well taught and provided with instruments and rules which all map makers and navigators should know."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "With the caravel, Portuguese mariners explored rivers and shallow waters as well as the open ocean with wide autonomy."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations | West African coast",
"text": "In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first European sailor to reach India by sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Resources and income",
"text": "Peter returned from Venice with a current world map drafted by a Venetian cartographer."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations | West African coast",
"text": "A cruzado was equal to 400 reis at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration",
"text": "It is traditionally suggested that Henry gathered at his villa on the Sagres peninsula a school of navigators and map-makers."
},
{
"section_header": "Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration",
"text": "Jehuda Cresques, a noted cartographer, has been said to have accepted an invitation to come to Portugal to make maps for the infante."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "At that time, the ships of the Mediterranean were too slow and too heavy to make these voyages."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of the \"Navigator\" nickname",
"text": "No one used the nickname \"Navigator\" to refer to prince Henry during his lifetime or in the following three centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations | West African coast",
"text": "In 1434, Gil Eanes, the commander of one of Henry's expeditions, became the first European known to pass Cape Bojador."
},
{
"section_header": "Henry's explorations | West African coast",
"text": "Superstitious seafarers held that beyond the cape lay sea monsters and the edge of the world."
}
] |
Sailors of the time thought there were beasties in the waters that were not on their maps.
| 3 | 3 |
Henry the Navigator
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, Nestor Sr. and Nellie, were of Ukrainian descent; Chylak was the first of their five children."
}
] |
ephTWBvt7r86CY5Xs7ud
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chylak was born in Olyphant, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, Nestor Sr. and Nellie, were of Ukrainian descent; Chylak was the first of their five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Chylak worked the first American League Championship Series in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nestor George Chylak Jr. (; May 11, 1922 – February 17, 1982) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1954 to 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "When American League president Lee MacPhail decided the White Sox must forfeit the second game, Chylak was the one who informed White Sox owner Bill Veeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Chylak declared the game a forfeit after he sustained a facial wound from being hit with a chair."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After a year in amateur baseball, Chylak moved into the minor leagues as a Pennsylvania-Ontario-New York League umpire."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Chylak died of a heart attack at age 59 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and was survived by his wife Sue, his sons Robert and William, and seven grandchildren."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Chylak was in the umpire's dressing room at Comiskey Park on Disco Demolition Night, a July 12, 1979, doubleheader between the Detroit Tigers and Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Upon his death, Bowie Kuhn said that \"few have ever been more respected in his field than Mr. Chylak.\" AL president Lee MacPhail said, \"He was considered an outstanding teacher and certainly one of the finest umpires in major league baseball in modern times."
}
] |
Chylak was born to Russian American parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Nestor Chylak
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a special administrative region of China and maintains separate governing and economic systems from those of mainland China."
}
] |
epudhidMryZupeONeH7g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The colony remained under Portuguese rule until 1999, when it was transferred to China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a special administrative region of China and maintains separate governing and economic systems from those of mainland China."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "The regional government maintains trade offices in Greater China and other nations."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau was transferred to China on 20 December 1999, after 442 years of Portuguese rule."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau did not develop as a major settlement until the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Chinese citizens resident in mainland China do not have the right of abode in Macau and are subject to immigration controls."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "The Identification Department issues passports for permanent residents which differ from those issued by the mainland or Hong Kong, and the region maintains a regulated border with the rest of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transport",
"text": "Automobiles drive on the left (unlike in both mainland China and Portugal), due to historical influence of the Portuguese Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Macau represents itself separately from mainland China with its own sports teams in international competitions."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "A large portion of the population are Portuguese citizens, a legacy of colonial rule; at the time of the transfer of sovereignty in 1999, 107,000 residents held Portuguese passports."
}
] |
Macau maintains the same government as mainland China and was colonization by the Portuguese until 1999.
| 0 | 0 |
Macau
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the son of Ukrainian Jewish parents Jennie (née Resnick) and Samuel Joseph Bernstein, a hairdressing supplies wholesaler originating from Rovno (now Ukraine).His family spent their summers at their vacation home in Sharon, Massachusetts."
}
] |
eqchEuXRtCYtTnzbSs6Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His grandmother insisted that his first name be Louis, but his parents always called him Leonard, which they preferred."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The 1940s",
"text": "After he left Curtis, Bernstein moved to New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The complete Bernstein Columbia and RCA Victor catalog was reissued on CD in a three-volume series of box sets (released in 2010, 2014, and 2018, respectively) comprising a total of 198 discs under the mantle \"Leonard Bernstein Edition\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Leonard Bernstein Letters'."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1940: Education | Early musical influences",
"text": "Bernstein later became Koussevitzky's Tanglewood conducting assistant and dedicated his Symphony No. 2, The Age of Anxiety, to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1960s | Opening Lincoln Center",
"text": "The move was not without controversy because of acoustic problems with the new hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Bernstein, Leonard (1993) [1982]."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The next year Felicia was diagnosed with lung cancer and eventually Bernstein moved back in with her and cared for her until she died on June 16, 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had three children, Jamie, Alexander, and Nina."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and characteristics as a composer | Anecdotes",
"text": "\" How was I to know he would grow up to be Leonard Bernstein?"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the son of Ukrainian Jewish parents Jennie (née Resnick) and Samuel Joseph Bernstein, a hairdressing supplies wholesaler originating from Rovno (now Ukraine).His family spent their summers at their vacation home in Sharon, Massachusetts."
}
] |
Leonard Bernstein moved with his parents from the Ukraine at the age of three.
| 0 | 0 |
Leonard Bernstein
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "Not long after, the king and queen summoned the Columbus brothers to the Alhambra palace in Granada."
}
] |
erFBxfD8Y1SHjwsWrVpS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Criticism and defense in modern scholarship | Black Legend, relativism, and disease",
"text": "They could not get up to search for food, and everyone else was too sick to care for them,"
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Columbus had always claimed the conversion of non-believers as one reason for his explorations, but he grew increasingly religious in his later years."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Second voyage",
"text": "Eventually we came to such terms, I assure you, that you would have thought that she had been brought up in a school for whores.\" Pedro de las Casas, father of the priest Bartolomé de las Casas, also accompanied Columbus on this voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Columbus recognized the boy as his offspring."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "Columbus had some of his crew hanged for disobedience."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | First voyage",
"text": "John asked Columbus to go to Vale"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Columbus based himself in Lisbon from 1477 to 1485."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1479 or 1480, his son Diego Columbus was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Quest for financial support for a voyage",
"text": "Columbus also requested he be made \"Great Admiral of the Ocean\","
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "Not long after, the king and queen summoned the Columbus brothers to the Alhambra palace in Granada."
}
] |
Columbus grew up an only child.
| 1 | 3 |
Christopher Columbus
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad."
}
] |
erG8ZvO8aC6pzloqwF3c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "\"Rushdie's influences have long been a point of interest to scholars examining his work."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Yet knowing they cannot live a life of anonymity, they mediate between them both."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In another moment of crisis, Farishta realises what Chamcha has done, but forgives him and even saves his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Dream sequences",
"text": "It is a transformed re-narration of the life of Muhammad (called \"Mahound\" or \"the Messenger\" in the novel) in Mecca (\"Jahiliyyah\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Dream sequences",
"text": "This figure is a transparent allusion to the life of Ruhollah Khomeini in his Parisian exile, but it is also linked through various recurrent narrative motifs to the figure of the \"Messenger\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "According to W. J. Weatherby, influences on The Satanic Verses were listed as James Joyce, Italo Calvino, Franz Kafka, Frank Herbert, Thomas Pynchon, Mervyn Peake, Gabriel García Márquez, Jean-Luc Godard, J. G. Ballard and William S. Burroughs."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Fatwa",
"text": "British Labour MP Keith Vaz led a march through Leicester shortly after he was elected in 1989 calling for the book to be banned, while the Conservative politician Norman Tebbit, the party's former chairman, called Rushdie an \"outstanding villain\" whose \"public life has been a record of despicable acts of betrayal of his upbringing, religion, adopted home and nationality\"."
}
] |
It was influenced by Muhammad's life.
| 1 | 3 |
The Satanic Verses
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Annexation of Texas",
"text": "Historian William W. Freehling, however, wrote that Tyler's official motivation in annexing Texas was to outmaneuver suspected efforts by Great Britain to promote an emancipation of slaves in Texas that would weaken the institution in the United States."
}
] |
erqaX9IPpTE91ca72803
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and legal career",
"text": "John Tyler was born on March 29, 1790; like his future running mate, William Henry Harrison, Tyler hailed from Charles City County, Virginia, and was descended from aristocratic and politically entrenched families of English ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | National political figure",
"text": "After the 1836 election, Tyler thought his political career was at an end, and planned to return to private law practice."
},
{
"section_header": "1840 presidential election | Adding Tyler to the ticket",
"text": "Many Northern Whigs opposed Clay, and some, including Pennsylvania's Thaddeus Stevens, showed the Virginians a letter written by Scott in which he apparently displayed abolitionist sentiments."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Foreign and military affairs",
"text": "He had long been an advocate of expansionism toward the Pacific and free trade, and was fond of evoking themes of national destiny and the spread of liberty in support of these policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the aftermath of Jackson's determined use of the powers of the Executive Branch, the Whigs wanted the president to be dominated by Congress, and Clay treated Tyler as a subordinate."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | U.S. House of Representatives",
"text": "A majority in Congress wanted to see the federal government help to fund internal improvements such as ports and roadways."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | Return to state politics",
"text": "Tyler was elected 131–81 over John Floyd."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Annexation of Texas",
"text": "Tyler made the annexation of the Republic of Texas part of his agenda soon after becoming president."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | 1836 presidential election",
"text": "The Whigs wanted to deny Van Buren a majority in the Electoral College, throwing the election into the House of Representatives, where deals could be made."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Annexation of Texas | Early attempts",
"text": "In exchange for an appointment as consul to Hawaii, journalist Alexander G. Abell wrote a flattering biography, Life of John Tyler, which was printed in large quantities and given to postmasters to distribute."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Annexation of Texas",
"text": "Historian William W. Freehling, however, wrote that Tyler's official motivation in annexing Texas was to outmaneuver suspected efforts by Great Britain to promote an emancipation of slaves in Texas that would weaken the institution in the United States."
}
] |
It's thought that John Tyler mostly wanted to grab Texas so that the English couldn't spread anti-slavery sentiments there.
| 1 | 4 |
John Tyler
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man in Full is the second novel by Tom Wolfe, published on November 12, 1998, by Farrar, Straus & Giroux."
}
] |
esC2LijAeSvdFUO4h402
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man In Full features a number of point-of-view characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man In Full is written much in the style of Wolfe's other fictions, such as The Bonfire of the Vanities and"
},
{
"section_header": "Other media",
"text": "The abridged audiobook of A Man in Full was narrated by American actor David Ogden Stiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media",
"text": "The unabridged audiobook of A Man in Full was released in 2018 and was narrated by American actor Michael Pritchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "According to Mailer's review, the book had sold over 750,000 copies by December 1998.The book was credited with allusions to, or the caricaturing of, some prominent members of contemporary Atlanta society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man in Full is the second novel by Tom Wolfe, published on November 12, 1998, by Farrar, Straus & Giroux."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "The Bonfire of the Vanities, A Man in Full was widely anticipated; Wolfe was known to be working on the research for this follow-up effort for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "Most of the mainstream American newspapers and news magazines gave the book positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These include Charles \"Cap'm Charlie\" Croker, a real estate mogul and member of Atlanta's high society who is suddenly facing bankruptcy; Martha Croker, his first wife, trying to maintain her social standing without her husband; Ray Peepgass, who is trying illegally to capitalize on Croker's fall; Roger \"Too White\" White II, a prominent black lawyer; and Conrad Hensley, a young man in prison who discovers Stoic philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "Wolfe countered this criticism in his book Hooking Up, calling the three authors his \"three stooges\" who were actually shaken by the support he received."
}
] |
A Man in Full is the first book by Bernard Shaw.
| 0 | 0 |
A Man in Full
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War."
}
] |
etR864Z2lYAnO9FJrxLo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "One statute of the Compromise of 1850, enacted September 18, 1850, is informally known as the Fugitive Slave Law, or the Fugitive Slave Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "D.C. The issue of slavery in the territories would be re-opened by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, but many historians argue that the Compromise of 1850 played a major role in postponing the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Issues | California",
"text": "From late 1848, Americans and foreigners of many different countries rushed into California for the California Gold Rush, rapidly increasing the population."
},
{
"section_header": "Passage | Debate and results",
"text": "The president quickly signed each bill into law save for the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850; he ultimately signed that law as well after Attorney General Crittenden assured him that the law was constitutional."
},
{
"section_header": "Implications",
"text": "Furthermore, the Compromise of 1850 led to a breakdown in the spirit of compromise in the United States in the antebellum period, directly before the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Implications",
"text": "Passage of the Compromise of 1850, as it became known, caused celebration in Washington and elsewhere, with crowds shouting, \"the Union is saved!\" Fillmore himself described the Compromise of 1850 as a \"final settlement\" of sectional issues, though the future of slavery in New Mexico and Utah remained unclear."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "It bolstered the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "The Fugitive Slave Act was essential to meet Southern demands."
},
{
"section_header": "Issues",
"text": "Three major types of issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850: a variety of boundary issues, the status of territory issues, and the issue of slavery."
}
] |
The Compromise of 1850 was comprised of 5 different acts.
| 0 | 0 |
Compromise of 1850
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "He is the only actor to have received two Academy Awards for the same performance."
}
] |
etui70oY95FW2AQqxOWZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "Despite his Oscar-nominated performance, Harold Russell was not a professional actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "When Russell in fact won Best Supporting Actor, there was an enthusiastic response."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Best Supporting Actor (Harold Russell) , Best Film Editing (Daniel Mandell), Best Adapted Screenplay (Robert E. Sherwood), and Best Original Score (Hugo Friedhofer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Fred agrees, but the friendship between the two men is strained."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "He is the only actor to have received two Academy Awards for the same performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Wyler changed the original casting that had featured a veteran suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, and sought out Harold Russell, a non-actor, to take on the exacting role of Homer Parrish."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives won seven Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (William Wyler), Best Actor (Fredric March),"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1992, Russell sold his Best Supporting Actor statuette at auction for $60,500 ($110,200 today), to pay his wife's medical bills."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Shortly after its premiere at the Astor Theater, New York, Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, hailed the film as a masterpiece."
}
] |
For the film, Harold Russell won two Oscars.
| 1 | 6 |
The Best Years of Our Lives
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | First public performance",
"text": "Other publishers also came out with versions of the \"John Brown Song\" and claimed copyright."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Various other authors have published additional verses or claimed credit for originating the John Brown lyrics and tune."
}
] |
etuzCXTeJyOniDF4ILpO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Creation of other versions",
"text": "Once \"John Brown's Body\" became popular as a marching song, more literary versions of the \"John Brown\" lyrics were created for the \"John Brown\" tune."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"John Brown's Body\" (originally known as \"John Brown's Song\") is a United States marching song about the abolitionist John Brown."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | First public performance",
"text": "Other publishers also came out with versions of the \"John Brown Song\" and claimed copyright."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | First public performance",
"text": "Newspapers reported troops singing the song as they marched in the streets of Boston on July 18, 1861, and there was a \"rash\" of broadside printings of the song with substantially the same words as the undated \"John Brown Song!\" broadside, stated by Kimball to be the first published edition, and the broadside with music by C. S. Marsh copyrighted on July 16, 1861, also published by C.S. Hall (see images displayed on this page)."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | \"Tiger\" Battalion writes the lyrics; Kimball's account",
"text": "In 1890, George Kimball wrote his account of how the 2nd Infantry Battalion of the Massachusetts militia, known as the \"Tiger\" Battalion, collectively worked out the lyrics to \"John Brown's Body\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Creation of other versions",
"text": "The \"Song of the First of Arkansas\" was written, or written down, by Capt."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | First public performance",
"text": "At a flag-raising ceremony at Fort Warren, near Boston, on Sunday May 12, 1861, the \"John Brown\" song was publicly played \"perhaps for the first time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | William Steffe",
"text": "The original verse for the song was \"Say, Bummers,"
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | William Steffe",
"text": "They used it as a song of welcome for the visiting Liberty Fire Company of Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "As Annie J. Randall wrote, \"Multiple authors, most of them anonymous, borrowed the tune from \"Say, Brothers\", gave it new texts, and used it to hail Brown's terrorist war to abolish the centuries-old practice of slavery in America.\" This continual re-use and spontaneous adaptation of existing words and tunes is an important feature of the oral folk music tradition that \"Say, Brothers\" and the \"John Brown Song\" were embedded in and no one would have begrudged their use or re-use of these folk materials."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Various other authors have published additional verses or claimed credit for originating the John Brown lyrics and tune."
}
] |
John Brown's Body was a successful song.
| 0 | 0 |
John Brown's Body
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The coronal cilia create a current that sweeps food into the mouth."
}
] |
euCP3Vhn2SazCT0mWZAR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Feeding",
"text": "Like crustaceans, rotifers contribute to nutrient recycling."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Their taxonomy is currently in a state of flux."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Biology",
"text": "The coronal cilia pull the animal, when unattached, through the water."
},
{
"section_header": "Feeding",
"text": "Rotifers may be in competition with cladocera and copepods for planktonic food sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The coronal cilia create a current that sweeps food into the mouth."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The mouth opens into a characteristic chewing pharynx (called the mastax), sometimes via a ciliated tube, and sometimes directly."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Nervous system",
"text": "Rotifers have a small brain, located just above the mastax, from which a number of nerves extend throughout the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The Rotifera, strictly speaking, are confined to the Bdelloidea and the Monogononta."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Rotifera, Acanthocephala and Seisonida make up a clade called Syndermata."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In many species, such as those in the genus Testudinella, the cilia around the mouth have disappeared, leaving just two small circular bands on the head."
}
] |
Rotifera consume nutrients by way of little hairs that pull sources of nutrition into their "mouths" via small currents.
| 1 | 4 |
Rotifera
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early plays",
"text": "Harris began his career on the stage."
}
] |
evexMPAH5XSpJGgkWsFA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Allen Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early plays",
"text": "Harris began his career on the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Subsequent success and acting career",
"text": "Two years later, Harris was nominated for his fourth Academy Award (third in the Best Supporting Actor category) for his role as Richard Brown in the British American drama film The Hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Subsequent success and acting career",
"text": "The One Percent with Hilary Swank and Ed Helms."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They have one daughter, Lily Dolores Harris (born May 3, 1993).On March 20, 2012, the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) merged to form a new union, SAG-AFTRA."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Subsequent success and acting career",
"text": "On 5 November 2019, Harris took over the role of Atticus Finch in Aaron Sorkin's stage adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Subsequent success and acting career",
"text": "For his lead role as Miles Roby in the 2005 miniseries Empire Falls, Harris was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Subsequent success and acting career",
"text": "In 1998, his co starring role in The Truman Show earned him a second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture win."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Subsequent success and acting career",
"text": "He won the Valladolid International Film Festival Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Subsequent success and acting career",
"text": "He was nominated for his first Academy Award for Best Actor (and third Oscar overall) for his performance."
}
] |
American actor Ed Harris started as a stage actor.
| 0 | 0 |
Ed Harris
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "However, when his fans learned of the marriage, they were supportive."
}
] |
ewD22VSpTRdhRLn5HCSv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1978, Manilow began a relationship with TV executive Garry Kief, who soon became his manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected TV and movie appearances",
"text": "On October 28, 2011, he was the star of the UK's show An Audience With... Barry Manilow."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "The Barry Manilow Special with Penny Marshall as his guest premiered on March 2, 1977, to an audience of 37 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Manilow did not want his personal relationship with Kief to become public."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "No official paperwork was filed, but it was reported that Manilow and Kief exchanged wedding bands as a sign of their dedication."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "However, when his fans learned of the marriage, they were supportive."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "The songwriters said without the blanket license, artists would have to negotiate up front with producers individually, without knowing if a series would be a success."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "When accepting the award, he stated that he learned the most about making pop music by working for three or four years as a writer in the jingle industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" In 1966, Deixler had the marriage annulled."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The media began to publicize the event when a friend of Manilow's, Suzanne Somers, publicly disclosed the private exchange of vows at Manilow's home in Palm Springs."
}
] |
Barry Manilow was relieved to know that his audience was accepting when he publicly shared his marriage to Garry Kief.
| 1 | 4 |
Barry Manilow
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "but this was found to be untrue after his death; Llewellyn was English-born and spent little time in Wales, though he was of Welsh descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The author had claimed that he based the book on his own personal experiences"
}
] |
ewSYzt6ZHBYHhJxBybz1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is set in South Wales during the reign of Queen Victoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It tells the story of the Morgans, a respectable mining family of the South Wales Valleys, through the eyes of one of the sons, Huw Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "The author continued the story of Huw Morgan's life in three sequels: Up Into the Singing Mountain (1960) –"
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "My Valley Now (1975) – Huw returns to Wales"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The phrase is used again in the novel's last sentence: \"How green was my Valley then, and the Valley of them that have gone.\" In the United States, Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Directed by John Ford, How Green Was My Valley was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The author had claimed that he based the book on his own personal experiences"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "but this was found to be untrue after his death; Llewellyn was English-born and spent little time in Wales, though he was of Welsh descent."
}
] |
The novel how Green Was My Valley was set in the area of South Wales where the author grew up.
| 0 | 0 |
How Green Was My Valley
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "His efforts to extricate himself from these debts include a brief turn to journalism."
}
] |
ewiIJhnW0Uw25pWNNP39
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "List of operas by Adolphe Adam"
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "List of ballets by Adolphe Adam."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam subsequently crafted a melody for the poem that was translated into English by John Sullivan Dwight (1813 - 1893), a Boston music teacher and music journalist, as well as co-founder of The Harvard Music Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adolphe Adam was born in Paris, to Jean-Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was a prominent Alsatian composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolphe Charles Adam (French: [adɔlf adɑ̃]; 24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer and music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "As a child, Adolphe Adam preferred to improvise music on his own rather than study music seriously and occasionally truanted with writer Eugène Sue who was also something of a dunce in early years."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam is buried in Montmartre Cemetery in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adam was a noted teacher, who taught Delibes and other influential composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam is probably best remembered for the ballet Giselle (1841)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Jean-Louis Adam was a pianist and teacher but was firmly set against the idea of his son's following in his footsteps."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "His efforts to extricate himself from these debts include a brief turn to journalism."
}
] |
Adolphe Adam was briefly a journalist.
| 0 | 0 |
Adolphe Adam
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and personal life",
"text": "As a result, Robinson joined a neighborhood gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and personal life",
"text": "Growing up in relative poverty in an otherwise affluent community, Robinson and his minority friends were excluded from many recreational opportunities."
}
] |
exEHJgNEPyPt2Cpoq5SQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Toward the end of his career, he played about 2,000 innings at third base and about 1,175 innings in the outfield, excelling at both."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues | Pennant races and outside interests (1951–1953)",
"text": "During the last game of the regular season, in the 13th inning, he had a hit to tie the game and then hit a home run in the 14th inning, which proved to be the winning margin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Pasadena Junior College",
"text": "Robinson received a two-year suspended sentence, but the incident—along with other rumored run-ins between Robinson and police—gave Robinson a reputation for combativeness in the face of racial antagonism."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-military",
"text": "Although his teams were outmatched by opponents, Robinson was respected as a disciplinarian coach, and drew the admiration of, among others, Langston University basketball player Marques Haynes, a future member of the Harlem Globetrotters."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | UCLA and afterward",
"text": "He was one of four black players on the Bruins' 1939 football team; the others were Woody Strode, Kenny Washington, and Ray Bartlett."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues | Pennant races and outside interests (1951–1953)",
"text": "Sportswriter Dick Young, whom Robinson had described as a \"bigot\", said, \"If there was one flaw in Jackie, it was the common one."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Although Sandel induced Robinson to ground out at his first at bat, Robinson ended up with four hits in his five trips to the plate; his first hit was a three-run home run in the game's third inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "The city's Human Services & Recreation Department operates the Jackie Robinson Center, a community outreach center that provides health services."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and personal life",
"text": "As a result, Robinson joined a neighborhood gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues | MVP, Congressional testimony, and film biography (1948–1950)",
"text": "His salary that year was the highest any Dodger had been paid to that point: $35,000 ($371,929 in 2019 dollars)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and personal life",
"text": "Growing up in relative poverty in an otherwise affluent community, Robinson and his minority friends were excluded from many recreational opportunities."
}
] |
As a you adult, Jackie Robinson at one point was a gang member because he was not able to participate in sports or other activities in his community.
| 2 | 5 |
Jackie Robinson
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "Despite significant improvements in health and the construction of advanced medical facilities, China has several emerging public health problems, such as respiratory illnesses caused by widespread air pollution, hundreds of millions of cigarette smokers, and an increase in obesity among urban youths."
}
] |
exvFPrYzB8srzaJXJnWo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "China's large population and densely populated cities have led to serious disease outbreaks in recent years, such as the 2003 outbreak of SARS, although this has since been largely contained."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "Despite significant improvements in health and the construction of advanced medical facilities, China has several emerging public health problems, such as respiratory illnesses caused by widespread air pollution, hundreds of millions of cigarette smokers, and an increase in obesity among urban youths."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "In 2010, air pollution caused 1.2 million premature deaths in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "At that time, the Communist Party started the Patriotic Health Campaign, which was aimed at improving sanitation and hygiene, as well as treating and preventing several diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environmental issues",
"text": "China is the country with the second highest death toll because of air pollution, after India."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environmental issues",
"text": "The country also has significant water pollution problems: 8.2% of China's rivers had been polluted by industrial and agricultural waste in 2019, and were unfit for use."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The National Health and Family Planning Commission, together with its counterparts in the local commissions, oversees the health needs of the Chinese population."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environmental issues",
"text": "There are approximately 1 million deaths caused by exposure to ambient air pollution."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "By 2011, the campaign resulted in 95% of China's population having basic health insurance coverage."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "Diseases such as cholera, typhoid and scarlet fever, which were previously rife in China, were nearly eradicated by the campaign."
}
] |
China has a few emerging health problems and the air pollution and densely populated cities has not helped matters with serious disease outbreaks.
| 3 | 5 |
China
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and plan",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles offers a visual history of French architecture from the 17th century to the end of the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and management",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles is owned by the French state."
}
] |
eyBLODFQAX4C2cLOji8V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "\"The Palace of Versailles\" is a song by singer-songwriter Al Stewart, detailing the French Revolution, The Terror, and Napoléon Bonaparte's military coup, from the perspective of \"the lonely Palace of Versailles\" On 2 July 2005, the French Live 8 was held in the courtyard of VersaillesTelevision"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "It is based on the life of Queen Marie Antoinette in the years leading up to the French Revolution, filmed on location at the Palace of Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Let Them Eat Cake, a 1999 BBC comedy starring Jennifer Saunders and Dawn French, is set within the Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Versailles is a 2015 British-American-Franco-Canadian television series set during the construction of Versailles Palace during the reign of Louis XIVVideo games Pokemon X and Y 's Parfum Palace is based off the Palace of Versailles"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Films Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012) is an animated film in which sophisticated chimpanzees Mason and Phil dress up as \"King of Versailles\" in reference to the Palace of Versailles"
},
{
"section_header": "History | The hunting lodge and château of Louis XIII",
"text": "After he became King in 1610, Louis XIII returned to the village, bought some land, and in 1623-24 built a modest two-story hunting lodge on the site of the current marble courtyard."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the Doctor Who episode, \"Girl in the Fire Place\" (2005), The Doctor met the Madame de Pompadour in the Palace of Versailles"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century - history museum and government venue",
"text": "In 1875 a second parliamentary body, the French Senate, was created, and held its meetings for the election of a President of the Republic in a new hall created in 1876 in the south wing of the Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and management",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles is owned by the French state."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Assassin's Creed Rogue is set in Versailles at the end of the game"
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and plan",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles offers a visual history of French architecture from the 17th century to the end of the 18th century."
}
] |
The Palace of Versailles is built in the popular 1500's French style and the land it sits on is legally held by Poland.
| 0 | 0 |
Palace of Versailles
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
}
] |
eyFz6gZYoatlre9hwG9Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart was followed by a sequel, No Longer at Ease (1960), originally written as the second part of a larger work along with Arrow of God (1964)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Reviewers have praised Achebe's neutral narration and have described Things Fall Apart as a realistic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed Things Fall Apart on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is regarded as a milestone in African literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Ever Written'\". The 60th anniversary of the first publication of Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, television, music and theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 1999, the American hip-hop band The Roots released their fourth studio album Things Fall Apart in reference to Achebe's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "The complexity of novels such as Things Fall Apart depends on Achebe's ability to bring competing cultural systems and their languages to the same level of representation, dialogue, and contestation."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "The publication of Achebe's Things Fall Apart helped pave the way for numerous other African writers."
}
] |
Things Fall Apart is a multiple part novel that was written in 1958.
| 2 | 6 |
Things Fall Apart
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Both films follow the story of two musicians in search of work, but Wilder created the gangster subplot that keeps the musicians on the run."
}
] |
eyMzrmpfClf4QlA9SIDU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "gangster \"Spats\" Colombo. Tipped off by informant \"Toothpick\" Charlie, the police, led by treasury agent Mulligan, raid the joint."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They work in a speakeasy (disguised as a funeral home) owned by"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "He bought the rights to that script, and Wilder worked with this to produce a new story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It Hot is considered one of the final nails in the coffin for the Hays Code."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Some Like It Hot received widespread acclaim from critics, and is considered among the best films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert wrote about the movie, \"Wilder's 1959 comedy is one of the enduring treasures of the movies, a film of inspiration and meticulous craft.\" John McCarten of The New Yorker referred to the film as \"a jolly, carefree enterprise\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some Like It Hot opened to critical and commercial success and is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Both films follow the story of two musicians in search of work, but Wilder created the gangster subplot that keeps the musicians on the run."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Some Like It Hot: A spry, quick-witted farce that never drags."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #14"
}
] |
The Some Like It Hot movie is about a couple of police officers working undercover.
| 1 | 1 |
Some Like It Hot
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses are an established cause of cancer in humans and other species."
}
] |
eyeBJVJFWAcitGxZoffS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses are an established cause of cancer in humans and other species."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Human papillomaviruses are an established cause of cancers of cervix, skin, anus, and penis."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Cytopathic effects on the host cell",
"text": "Some viruses, such as Epstein–Barr virus, can cause cells to proliferate without causing malignancy, while others, such as papillomaviruses, are established causes of cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "The most recently discovered human cancer virus is a polyomavirus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) that causes most cases of a rare form of skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viruses accepted to cause human cancers include some genotypes of human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human T-lymphotropic virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Hepatitis viruses can develop into a chronic viral infection that leads to liver cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viral cancers occur only in a minority of infected persons (or animals)."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "The potato virus Y causes disease in potatoes and related species including tomatoes and peppers."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Merkel cell polyomavirus closely related to SV40 and mouse polyomaviruses that have been used as animal models for cancer viruses for over 50 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "The development of cancer is determined by a variety of factors such as host immunity and mutations in the host."
}
] |
Viruses are not an established cause of cancer in humans and other species.
| 3 | 6 |
Virus
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Feeding",
"text": "The modes of feeding vary greatly between the different echinoderm taxa."
}
] |
eynqU1KdFzkSK7kMRYeI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "Coral reefs are also bored into in this way"
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | The water vascular system",
"text": "In the asteroids, the same wafting motion is employed to move the animal across the ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Use by humans",
"text": "This trade is often carried out in conjunction with shellfish farmers, for whom the starfish pose a major threat by eating their cultured stock."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "Sea urchins use their tube feet to move around in a similar way to starfish."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Feeding",
"text": "The same everted stomach process is used by other starfish to feed on sponges, sea anemones, corals, detritus and algal films."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Feeding",
"text": "In this way they disturb and process large volumes of substrate, often leaving characteristic ridges of sediment on the seabed."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "Skeletal elements are also deployed in some specialized ways, such as the \"Aristotle's lantern\" mouthparts of sea urchins used for grinding, the supportive stalks of crinoids and the structural \"lime ring\" of sea cucumbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "Some echinoderms brood their eggs."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "The larvae of echinoderms have bilateral symmetry"
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "All echinoderms are marine and nearly all are benthic."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Feeding",
"text": "The modes of feeding vary greatly between the different echinoderm taxa."
}
] |
All Echinoderms eat the same way.
| 2 | 4 |
Echinoderm
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Paris Commune (French: Commune de Paris, pronounced [kɔmyn də paʁi]) was a radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871."
}
] |
ezaMArPQvtuhl3CtyEm4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Decree on Hostages",
"text": "\" Article 5 stated, \"Every execution of a prisoner of war or of a partisan of the government of the Commune of Paris will be immediately followed by the execution of a triple number of hostages held by virtue of article four.\" Prisoners of war would be brought before a jury, which would decide if they would be released or held as hostages."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude | Negotiations with the Germans; continued war",
"text": "The Government of National Defence decided to continue the war and raise a new army to fight the Germans."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Failure of the march on Versailles",
"text": "In Paris, members of the Military Commission and the Executive Committee of the Commune, as well as the Central Committee of the National Guard, met on 1 April."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Failure of the march on Versailles",
"text": "Most of the soldiers were prisoners of war who had just been released by the Germans, following the terms of the armistice."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Radicalisation",
"text": "They are not fighting with cannon shots, they are slaughtering each other with decrees.\" By April, as MacMahon's forces steadily approached Paris, divisions arose within the Commune about whether to give absolute priority to military defence, or to political and social freedoms and reforms."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Decree on Hostages",
"text": "Émile Zola wrote, \"Thus we citizens of Paris are placed between two terrible laws; the law of suspects brought back by the Commune and the law on rapid executions which will certainly be approved by the Assembly."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Radicalisation",
"text": "du Peuple feared that a more authoritarian government would destroy the kind of social republic they wanted to achieve."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Composition of the National Guard",
"text": "Since every able-bodied man in Paris was obliged to be a member of the National Guard, the Commune on paper had an army of about 200,000 men on 6 May; the actual number was much lower, probably between 25,000 and 50,000 men."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Capture of Fort Issy",
"text": "\" On 19 May, while the Commune executive committee was meeting to judge the former military commander Cluseret for the loss of the Issy fortress, it received word that the forces of Marshal MacMahon were within the fortifications of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "War with the national government | Radicalisation",
"text": "The publications La Commune, La Justice and Valles' Le Cri"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Paris Commune (French: Commune de Paris, pronounced [kɔmyn də paʁi]) was a radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871."
}
] |
Paris Commune did govern after the war.
| 0 | 0 |
Paris Commune
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cymbeline , also known as The Tragedie of Cymbeline or Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain (c. 10–14) and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline."
}
] |
ezjgknMHB537qpWClskP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "However the prophecy interpretation at the end appears to support an -m- based name, rather than -nn- based one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cymbeline , also known as The Tragedie of Cymbeline or Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain (c. 10–14) and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "The song provides a major organisational motif for the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "The final couplet also appears in the Anton Myrer novel, The Last Convertible."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Gender and sexuality",
"text": "Instead, Imogen's power is inherited from her father and based upon the prospect of reproduction."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "The play was also one of Ellen Terry's last performances with Henry Irving at the Lyceum in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation",
"text": "Cymbeline was one of Shakespeare's more popular plays during the eighteenth century, though critics including Samuel Johnson took issue with its complex plot: This play has many just sentiments, some natural dialogues, and some pleasing scenes, but they are obtained at the expense of much incongruity."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "Charles Keating was Cloten. As with contemporary productions of Pericles, this one used a narrator (Cornelius) to signal changes in mood and treatment to the audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "He later changed his view, saying it was \"one of the finest of Shakespeare's later plays\", but he remained convinced that it \"goes to pieces in the final act\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In his wrath, Posthumus sends two letters to Britain: one to Imogen, telling her to meet him at Milford Haven, on the Welsh coast; the other to the servant Pisanio, ordering him to murder Imogen at the Haven."
}
] |
Cymbeline is a novel that is based on legends.
| 2 | 7 |
Cymbeline
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands."
}
] |
f0fpA4ITVo4c2BoZ74DH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | From the union with Ireland to the end of the First World War",
"text": "The term \"United Kingdom\" became official in 1801 when the parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland each passed an Act of Union, uniting the two kingdoms and creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and terminology",
"text": "The Acts of Union 1800 united the kingdom of Great Britain and the kingdom of Ireland in 1801, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Kingdom of Great Britain",
"text": "On 1 May 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of England and Scotland to ratify the 1706 Treaty of Union and so unite the two kingdoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The medieval conquest and subsequent annexation of Wales by the Kingdom of England, followed by the union between England and Scotland in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the union in 1801 of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Migration",
"text": "The Great Famine in Ireland, then part of the United Kingdom, resulted in perhaps a million people migrating to Great Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK or U.K.) or Britain, is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of the European mainland."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "There are some sports in which a single team represents the whole of United Kingdom, including the Olympics, where the UK is represented by the Great Britain team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and terminology",
"text": "Following the partition of Ireland and the independence of the Irish Free State in 1922, which left Northern Ireland as the only part of the island of Ireland within the United Kingdom, the name was changed to the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\"."
}
] |
The United Kingdom includes all of Ireland and Great Britain.
| 2 | 6 |
United Kingdom
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Justin Randall Timberlake was born on January 31, 1981 in Memphis, Tennessee to Lynn (Bomar) Harless and Charles Randall Timberlake, a Baptist church choir director."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Performing as a child, Timberlake sang country and gospel music: at the age of 11, he appeared on the television show Star Search, performing country songs as \"Justin Randall\"."
}
] |
f1FCuwNQg7nSHhc9A19v
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "With Timberlake's agreement to host the tournament, its name was changed to the Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Performing as a child, Timberlake sang country and gospel music: at the age of 11, he appeared on the television show Star Search, performing country songs as \"Justin Randall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2012: Musical hiatus and focus on acting",
"text": "With the wrapping up of the FutureSex/LoveSounds tour of Australasia and the Middle East in November 2007, Timberlake resumed his film career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2002–2004: Justified and Super Bowl XXXVIII",
"text": "Timberlake apologized for the incident, stating he was \"sorry that anyone was offended by the wardrobe malfunction during the halftime performance of the Super Bowl... \" The phrase \"wardrobe malfunction\" has since been used by the media to refer to the incident and has entered pop culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "For 2014, Timberlake was named Billboard Top Male Artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry",
"text": "This inspiration was used in his approach in recording the songs, rather than in composing them."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "And we should be using our differences to bring ourselves closer together."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He has a spirit. He does God's work through using the most of his talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "On February 17, 2009, Timberlake was named the \"Most Stylish Man in America\" by GQ magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Man of the Woods and Super Bowl LII halftime show",
"text": "The show contained multiple selections from Man of the Woods, which is named after his son Silas, whose name means \"from the forest."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Justin Randall Timberlake was born on January 31, 1981 in Memphis, Tennessee to Lynn (Bomar) Harless and Charles Randall Timberlake, a Baptist church choir director."
}
] |
Justin Timberlake has also used his middle name while performing.
| 3 | 5 |
Justin Timberlake
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999.Ryan was a right-handed pitcher who consistently threw pitches that were clocked above 100 miles per hour (161 km/h)."
}
] |
f1OYdXkMAR8ztS4ZFzXq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan, Pedro Martínez, Randy Johnson, Trevor Hoffman, and Sandy Koufax are the only five pitchers inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame who had more strikeouts than innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "ESPN writer Rob Neyer stated in a 2003 column that while Ryan was among the 20 best pitchers since World War II, he \"often had trouble throwing strikes, [and]"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only 29 players in baseball history to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four different decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "While ranking him as the 24th best pitcher of all time, he notes, \"Ryan has been retired almost ten years [in 2001], in another ten perhaps we will begin to get a little bit of perspective on him."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball records",
"text": "26 seasons with at least one win"
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity | Texas Rangers president and CEO (2008–2013)",
"text": "During the baseball owners' meetings in Scottsdale, Arizona, on March 1, 2013, the Rangers announced that general manager Jon Daniels would add president of baseball operations to his title."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | California Angels (1972–1979)",
"text": "On July 9, 1972, Ryan struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 3–0 win over the Boston Red Sox; he became the seventh American League pitcher to accomplish the immaculate inning, and the first (and currently only) pitcher in Major League history to accomplish the feat in both leagues. (On April 19, 1968, he had struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 2–1 win over the St. Louis Cardinals, becoming the eighth National League pitcher and the 14th pitcher in Major League history to accomplish the feat.) In 1973, Ryan set his first major record when he struck out 383 batters in one season, beating Sandy Koufax's old mark by one."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | California Angels (1972–1979)",
"text": "In the second one, on July 15 against the Detroit Tigers, he struck out 17 batters – most in a recorded no-hitter. (This record was later tied by Max Scherzer on October 3, 2015.) Ryan was so dominant in this game, it led to one of baseball's best-remembered pranks."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | California Angels (1972–1979)",
"text": "Though Ryan's strikeouts and no-hitters got him considerable media attention, he did not win over Angels general manager Buzzie Bavasi, who dismissed him as a flashy .500 pitcher (Ryan was 26–27 in the last two years"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball records",
"text": "15 200-strikeout seasons 6 300-strikeout seasons 6.555, fewest career hits per nine innings 5.26, fewest single-season hits per nine innings (1972) Lowest batting average allowed, career (minimum 1500 innings) .204"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999.Ryan was a right-handed pitcher who consistently threw pitches that were clocked above 100 miles per hour (161 km/h)."
}
] |
Ryan was one of the best lefty pitchers of his generation in baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "Finney declined the offer of a CBE in 1980, as well as a knighthood in 2000."
}
] |
f1fbPNN4Uf2J5Czxwd9L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "Finney was offered a contract by the Rank Organisation but turned it down to perform for the Birmingham Rep."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Finney (9 May 1936 – 7 February 2019) was an English actor who worked in film, television and theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "1998 Best Actor (BAFTA TV Awards) for A Rather English Marriage"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Finney was born in Salford, Lancashire, the son of Alice (née Hobson) and Albert Finney, a bookmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Finney did Nostromo (1997) for television, and Washington Square (1997) for Agnieszka Holland then made A Rather English Marriage (1998) with Tom Courtenay."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "He performed the role with the English Stage Company in London, Nottingham, Paris and New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | Other awards",
"text": "Finney won two Screen Actors Guild Awards, for Best Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role, for Erin Brockovich, and as a member of the acting ensemble in the film Traffic."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "\"Finney went into The Dresser (1983), directed by Peter Yates, which earned him a Best Actor Oscar Nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "1973 1973 Best Actor for Gumshoe 1974 Best Actor for Murder on the Orient Express"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Finney was nominated for an Academy Award five times, as Best Actor four times, for Tom Jones (1963), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), The Dresser (1983), and Under the Volcano (1984), and as Best Supporting Actor for Erin Brockovich (2000)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "Finney declined the offer of a CBE in 1980, as well as a knighthood in 2000."
}
] |
Albert Finney was an English actor that turned down the opportunity to become a knight.
| 0 | 0 |
Albert Finney
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "After McGraw's death, his wife found, among his personal belongings, a list of all the black players he wanted to sign over the years."
}
] |
f1jAgnD1xD2dwiPLqmo6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Managerial record | New York Giants managerial record",
"text": "McGraw became the third of three managers for the New York Giants in 1902, and held the position until 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Even with his success and fame as a player, he is best known for his managing, especially since it was with a team as popular as the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "McGraw's playing time diminished over the following years as he played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1900), the American League Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902), and the New York Giants (1902–1906)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\"In 1899, the Pittsburg Leader said the following after he was \"as quiet as a lamb\" one day at Pittsburgh: \"McGraw, although having the reputation of being a rowdy ball player, has never shown any rowdy tactics in this city."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Thus it was that he began his journey again, this time in Wellsville, New York, a team that played in the Western New York League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "McGraw was given his release from the team, but Kenney also loaned him $70 and wished him luck if he wanted to try to catch on with another squad."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "According to Rogers Hornsby, who served as a player-coach for the Giants in 1927, either McGraw or one of his coaches would knock on the players' hotel room doors at 11:30 sharp—and someone was expected to answer."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "My Thirty Years in Baseball. He stepped down as manager of the New York Giants in the middle of the 1932 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "After McGraw's death, his wife found, among his personal belongings, a list of all the black players he wanted to sign over the years."
}
] |
John McGraw keeped a list of African American players that he wished he could have on his team while he was a manger of the New York Giants.
| 0 | 1 |
John McGraw
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships, the second-most behind the Boston Celtics."
}
] |
f2KF8YNVBftSZxf4gk5P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Los Angeles Clippers",
"text": "The rivalry between the Lakers and the Los Angeles Clippers is unique because they are the only two NBA teams to share an arena, the Staples Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Los Angeles Clippers",
"text": "Los Angeles fans have historically favored the Lakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1979–1991: \"Showtime\"",
"text": "At the Lakers' championship celebration in Los Angeles, coach Riley brashly declared that Los Angeles would repeat as NBA champions, which no team had done since the 1968–69 Boston Celtics."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Los Angeles moved to a brand-new arena, The Forum, in 1967, after playing seven seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Los Angeles won 53 games in 1962–63, behind Baylor's 34.0 ppg and West's 27.1 ppg but lost in the NBA Finals in six games to the Celtics."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "During the 1960 off-season, the Lakers became the NBA's first West Coast team when owner Bob Short decided to move the team to Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Los Angeles lost in the finals to Boston in seven games again in 1966, this time by two points."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Led by Baylor's 34.8 ppg and 19.8 rpg, Los Angeles won 11 more than the year before in West's first season."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1979–1991: \"Showtime\"",
"text": "The Lakers defeated Boston in the first two games of the Finals, and the teams split the next four games, giving Los Angeles their second championship in three seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Celtics",
"text": "The two teams have won the two highest numbers of championships, the Celtics 17, the Lakers 16; together, the 33 championships account for almost half of the 73 championships in NBA history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships, the second-most behind the Boston Celtics."
}
] |
The Los Angeles Lakers has the most NBA Championships.
| 0 | 0 |
Los Angeles Lakers
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Victor Hugo began writing Notre-Dame de Paris in 1829, largely to make his contemporaries more aware of the value of the Gothic architecture, which was neglected and often destroyed to be replaced by new buildings or defaced by replacement of parts of buildings in a newer style."
}
] |
f2Ktb6M7sA7FCPzNOLxq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "For instance, the medieval stained glass panels of Notre-Dame de Paris had been replaced by white glass to let more light into the church."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references | Allusions to actual history, geography and current science",
"text": "In The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, Victor Hugo makes frequent reference to the architecture of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1977 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Musical theatre",
"text": "From 1999 to 2002, the Disney film was adapted into a darker, more Gothic musical production called Der Glöckner von Notre Dame (translated in English as The Bellringer of Notre Dame) in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "A few years earlier, Hugo had already published a paper entitled Guerre aux Démolisseurs (War to the Demolishers) specifically aimed at saving Paris' medieval architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Dick Briefer have all created comic strip and book adaptations of The Hunchback of Notre Dame."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1911 silent film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame soundtrack for the 1996 Disney film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame II,a sequel of the 1996 Disney movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Victor Hugo began writing Notre-Dame de Paris in 1829, largely to make his contemporaries more aware of the value of the Gothic architecture, which was neglected and often destroyed to be replaced by new buildings or defaced by replacement of parts of buildings in a newer style."
}
] |
One of Victor Hugo's intentions in authoring The Hunchback of Notre Dame was to bring attention to the older medieval aesthetic being demolished or adapted for more modern structures or techniques.
| 3 | 4 |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda."
}
] |
f3fl1cI05VhsyfsCeUJx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto II succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until death"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the example of Charlemagne's coronation as \"Emperor of the Romans\" in 800, Otto was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 by Pope John XII in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Second Italian Expedition and imperial coronation",
"text": "With Otto's coronation as emperor, the Kingdom of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy were unified into a common realm, later called the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern world",
"text": "The obverse shows the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "The Ottonians would rule Germany (later the Holy Roman Empire) for over a century from 919 until 1024."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern world",
"text": "Otto I was selected as the main motif for a high value commemorative coin, the €100 Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire commemorative coin, issued in 2008 by the Austrian Mint."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Reign from Rome",
"text": "The eastern Empire also objected to Otto's use of the title Emperor, believing only the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas was the true successor of the ancient Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Papal politics",
"text": "Upon hearing of the Romans’ actions, Otto mobilized new troops and marched on Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda."
}
] |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor was the first son from his parents.
| 1 | 2 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Heir apparent",
"text": "While campaigning against the Wends/West Slavs in 929, Otto's illegitimate son William, the future Archbishop of Mainz, was born to a captive Wendish noblewoman."
}
] |
f4I6BBMFJl5YGOo4dyHH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | War in France",
"text": "In 940, Otto and Henry were reconciled through the efforts of their mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "With his son's wedding completed and peace with the Byzantine Empire concluded, Otto led the imperial family back to Germany in August 972."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Consolidation of power",
"text": "His mother Matilda disapproved of this policy and was accused by Otto's royal advisers of undermining his authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Hungarian invasions",
"text": "With Henry's death, Otto appointed his four-year-old nephew Henry II, to succeed his father as duke, with his mother Judith of Bavaria as his regent."
},
{
"section_header": "Liudolf's Civil War | Rebellion against Otto",
"text": "Henry was unpopular with the Bavarians due to his Saxon heritage, and his vassals quickly rebelled against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Rebellion of the dukes",
"text": "After the rise of a Saxon to kingship, Bruning, a local lord with possessions in the borderland between Franconia and Saxony, refused to swear fealty to any non-Saxon ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Reign from Rome",
"text": "In order to further his dynastic plans, and in preparation for his son's marriage, Otto returned to Rome in the winter of 967 where he had Otto II crowned co-Emperor by Pope John XIII on Christmas Day 967."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Coronation",
"text": "According to her biography, Vita Mathildis reginae posterior, their mother had favored Henry as king: in contrast to Otto, Henry had been \"born in the purple\" during his father's reign and shared his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir apparent",
"text": "While Henry consolidated power within Germany, he also prepared for an alliance with Anglo-Saxon England by finding a bride for Otto."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family | Background",
"text": "For the first time, a Saxon instead of a Frank reigned over the kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Heir apparent",
"text": "While campaigning against the Wends/West Slavs in 929, Otto's illegitimate son William, the future Archbishop of Mainz, was born to a captive Wendish noblewoman."
}
] |
Otto I's son's mother was a Saxon countess.
| 2 | 4 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Traveling on the train was Dr. Rodney Cline, who delivered the baby."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In appreciation for this, Mrs. Carew named the boy Rodney Cline Carew."
}
] |
f4ngJci7tngN2qIzwDzB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Doctors wanted to perform a bone marrow transplant, but Michelle's rare ethnic heritage complicated the search for a matching donor; her father was black with West Indian and Panamanian roots and her mother was of Russian-Jewish ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "In a pre-game ceremony before the 2016 MLB All Star Game in San Diego, the American League batting championship trophy was named the Rod Carew American League Batting Championship Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Minnesota Twins",
"text": "Through June 27th he was batting .400 but cooled off near the end of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "In February 2016, Carew indicated that his doctors informed him that he would eventually need a heart transplant."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Military service",
"text": "He later said that his military experience helped him in his baseball career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In appreciation for this, Mrs. Carew named the boy Rodney Cline Carew."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "But guess who is: Hall of Famer Rod Carew. -"
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "Carew was erroneously named the second baseman on Stein's All-Jewish team."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "He is credited with helping develop young hitters like Garret Anderson, Jim Edmonds, and Tim Salmon."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "In 2005, Carew was named the second baseman on the Major League Baseball Latino Legends Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Traveling on the train was Dr. Rodney Cline, who delivered the baby."
}
] |
Rod Carew was named after the doctor who helped his mother through labor.
| 0 | 0 |
Rod Carew
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man the title refers to is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible."
}
] |
f4vX9sX7M6aUgiRFLfDs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the process, he arms himself with an iron pipe; when a man follows the \"floating pipe\" and accidentally forces the Invisible Man into thorn bushes, the Invisible Man commits his first murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Invisible Man has a wealth of progeny."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The cultural pervasiveness of the invisible man has led to everything from his cameo in an episode of Tom and Jerry to the Queen song The Invisible Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Kemp, a cool-headed character, tries to organise a plan to use himself as bait to trap the Invisible Man, but a note that he sends is stolen from his servant by Griffin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man the title refers to is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Invisible Man has been adapted to, and referred to, in film, television, and comics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Having been driven somewhat unhinged by the procedure and his experiences, he now imagines that he can make Kemp his secret confederate, describing a plan to begin a \"Reign of Terror\" by using his invisibility to terrorise the nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He explains how he invented chemicals capable of rendering bodies invisible, which he first tried on a cat, then himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Marvel later goes to the police and tells them of this \"invisible man,\" then requests to be locked up in a high-security jail."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it."
}
] |
The Invisible Man is about a man that can make himself invisible when he chooses.
| 3 | 5 |
The Invisible Man
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1802, he returned to the U.S. When he died on June 8, 1809, only six people attended his funeral as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity."
}
] |
f59xjcSTYl262eBKHgc3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "The site is marked by a small headstone and burial plaque even though his remains were removed years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "The first and longest-standing memorial to Paine is the carved and inscribed 12-foot marble column in New Rochelle, New York, organized and funded by publisher, educator and reformer Gilbert Vale (1791–1866) and raised in 1839 by the American sculptor and architect John Frazee, the Thomas Paine Monument (see image below).New Rochelle is also the original site of Thomas Paine's Cottage, which along with a 320-acre (130 ha) farm were presented to Paine in 1784 by act of the New York State Legislature for his services in the American Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "As of January 2011, the memorial has not yet been built."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paine's work, which advocated the right of the people to overthrow their government, was duly targeted, with a writ for his arrest issued in early 1792."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "The same site is the home of the Thomas Paine Memorial Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Edison",
"text": "I went back to them time and again, just as I have done since my boyhood days."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "There is no confirmed story about what happened to them after that, although various people have claimed throughout the years to own parts of Paine's remains, such as his skull and right hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He was a victim of the people, but his convictions remained unshaken."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Mary became pregnant; and, after they moved to Margate, she went into early labour, in which she and their child died."
},
{
"section_header": "Rights of Man",
"text": "to publisher J. S. Jordan, then went to Paris, per William Blake's advice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1802, he returned to the U.S. When he died on June 8, 1809, only six people attended his funeral as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity."
}
] |
Just a few people went to Paine's memorial service and burial.
| 1 | 4 |
Thomas Paine
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours",
"text": "\" Foxes Never Quit\" is the club's motto, which is placed above the tunnel entrance as the teams head out onto the pitch."
}
] |
f5BYI1GA8CZFS2lPNoP5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and early years (1884–1949)",
"text": "The club was reformed as \"Leicester City Football Club\", particularly appropriate as the borough of Leicester had recently been given city status."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries",
"text": "Leicester also have a rivalry with Coventry City, 24 miles away."
},
{
"section_header": "Player statistics | International honours",
"text": "Players listed in bold are current Leicester City players."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Premier League champions (2015–16)",
"text": "The scale of the surprise attracted global attention for the club and the city of Leicester."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leicester City Football Club is an English professional football club based in Leicester in the East Midlands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-World War II (1949–2000)",
"text": "In June 2000, O'Neill left Leicester City to take over as manager of Celtic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Established Premier League side (2016–present)",
"text": "In his second match as caretaker, Shakespeare led Leicester to another 3–1 victory, over Hull City."
},
{
"section_header": "Records and statistics",
"text": "Leicester are joint equal with Manchester City for having won the most English second tier titles (7)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They moved to Filbert Street in 1891, were elected to the Football League in 1894 and adopted the name Leicester City in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Home stadium",
"text": "On 5 July 2011, Leicester City confirmed the Walkers Stadium would now be known as the King Power Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours",
"text": "\" Foxes Never Quit\" is the club's motto, which is placed above the tunnel entrance as the teams head out onto the pitch."
}
] |
The Leicester City F.C.'s rallying phrase is about how they just don't stop.
| 0 | 0 |
Leicester City F.C.
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Merchant Ivory produced an award-winning film adaptation in 1985."
}
] |
f5T6Kl4EbO3F10EXXcwQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "A Room with a View had a lengthy gestation."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Rory tells Lorelai that she wants to show her home movies from her trip to Europe with her grandmother."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage, film, radio, and television adaptations",
"text": "In 2006, Andrew Davies announced that he was to adapt A Room with a View for ITV."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Your Enemy\" features the line \"As we move into '92/Still in a room without a view\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part one",
"text": "They were promised rooms with a view of the River Arno but instead have ones overlooking a drab courtyard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Merchant Ivory produced an award-winning film adaptation in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions/references to other works",
"text": "Like A Room with a View, The Bride of Lammermoor is centred on a talented but restrained young woman encouraged into an engagement not of her choosing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Modern Library ranked A Room with a View 79th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century (1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Noël Coward composed the 1928 hit song called \"A Room with a View\", whose title he acknowledged as coming from Forster's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Room with a View is a 1908 novel by English writer E. M. Forster, about a young woman in the restrained culture of Edwardian era England."
}
] |
A Room with a View was made into a movie in 1985.
| 0 | 0 |
A Room with a View
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Months later, Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with L.A. Guns founders lead guitarist Guns, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich."
}
] |
f5gVg3DJSRvaHMMQcmiB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "The group played a further two shows in Las Vegas at the end of 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | Use Your Illusion I and II",
"text": "Nothing worked. Nothing worked. \"A few months prior, keyboardist Dizzy Reed became the sixth member of the group when he joined as a full-time member."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Two weeks were spent recording basic tracks, with a month of overdubs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction and Appetite for Democracy (2009–2014)",
"text": "he's ever been a part of\". Two months later, during a performance in Nashville, TN \"Civil War\" also made a return after an eighteen-year absence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakthrough and mass popularity (1987–1989) | G N' R Lies",
"text": "At England's Monsters of Rock festival, held that same month, two fans were crushed to death during the group's set by the slam-dancing crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Months later, Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with L.A. Guns founders lead guitarist Guns, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "He signed a two-year contract with the band in August 1997, making him an official member."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Greatest Hits and label conflict, lawsuits",
"text": "His transient lifestyle has made it impossible for even his closest friends to have nearly any form of communication with him whatsoever.\" That same month, Geffen released Guns N' Roses' Greatest Hits, since Rose had failed to deliver a new studio album in more than ten years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Album release and promotion",
"text": "Six of the leaked tracks had surfaced previously in some form, while three were new."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | Use Your Illusion Tour",
"text": "On VH1's Behind the Music documentary about Metallica, Hetfield stated that \"We couldn't relate to Axl and his attitude.\" Other members of Metallica and Rose stated that the groups were not friendly."
}
] |
After months, the group was formed by only two members.
| 1 | 7 |
Guns N' Roses
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22, 2003, to February 19, 2015."
}
] |
f6KrPl9rI3VgCqRWgKa1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Crossovers and other appearances | CSI: Crime Scene Investigation",
"text": "\" The Two and a Half Men episode \"Fish in a Drawer\" was the first part of the crossover to air, on May 5, 2008, written by CSI writers Sarah Goldfinger, Evan Dunsky, Carol Mendelsohn, and Naren Shankar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22, 2003, to February 19, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Praises",
"text": "This has garnered praises from Lee Aronsohn who has stated that the premise of Two and a Half Men was created amidst many other TV series centered around mainly women, which he viewed as a serious problem in television."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast | Syndication and streaming",
"text": "Two and a Half Men's first cycle is nine years in length."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Main",
"text": "Season 11 was the first season where she appeared in every episode."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast | Syndication and streaming",
"text": "Two and a Half Men entered local United States broadcast syndication in 2007, with the first four seasons available to local stations (largely CW affiliates in the major U.S. television markets through major deals with Tribune Broadcasting and the Sinclair Broadcast Group)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "Two and a Half Men improved ratings for this time slot, which were up from the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Two and a Half Men received mostly mixed reviews from critics throughout its run."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast | International",
"text": "In the Philippines, it also airs on Studio 23 (now aired on Jack TV), and in South Africa, it airs on SABC3 and M-net."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "The attention Two and a Half Men received due to the change in characters gave the series a boost."
}
] |
The tv program Two and a Half Men first aired on ABC for 11 seasons.
| 0 | 0 |
Two and a Half Men
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "At Beaver Dam Farms, a former estate in Colbert, Georgia, Rogers kept a pet goat named Smitty."
}
] |
f6m5G2sjQiB2z2xqs0in
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He originally acquired the animal from a friend in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "At Beaver Dam Farms, a former estate in Colbert, Georgia, Rogers kept a pet goat named Smitty."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Bloodline",
"text": "Although Rogers used many session musicians to play instruments on his recordings, he was backed on tours by the group Bloodline since 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kenny Rogers Roasters in collaboration with"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2015",
"text": "Although Rogers did not record new albums for a couple of years, he continued to have success in many countries with more greatest hits packages."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting and other ventures",
"text": "Season four of the TV series Fresh Off the Boat depicts the chain as owning a share of Louis Huang's Cattleman's Ranch restaurant and then filing for bankruptcy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2015",
"text": "It was the first new solo Rogers hits album to reach the United Kingdom for over a decade, despite many compilations there that were not true hits packages."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Solo career",
"text": "The partnership with Gibb only lasted one album, which was not surprising considering that Rogers' original intention was to work with Gibb on only one song."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2015",
"text": "Also in 2007, the 1977 Kenny Rogers album was re-issued as a double CD, also featuring the 1979 Kenny album and this once again put Rogers' name into the sales charts worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "They formed the First Edition in 1967 (later renamed \"Kenny Rogers and the First Edition\")."
}
] |
Kenny Rogers kept many exotic animals on his ranch.
| 2 | 9 |
Kenny Rogers
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major events | NFL",
"text": "On May 19, 2015, Mercedes-Benz Stadium was awarded Super Bowl LIII in 2019, marking Atlanta's first time hosting the game since Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000."
}
] |
f72j4TgQGvP38r3JxPy3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major events | Soccer",
"text": "On August 14, 2019, Atlanta United hosted Club América in the 2019 Campeones Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Major events | Other major events",
"text": "On December 31, 2019 – January 2, 2020, Mercedes-Benz Stadium hosted its first ever Passion Conferences."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, it hosted the College Football Playoff National Championship and the MLS Cup (as Atlanta United held home field advantage), and it hosted Super Bowl LIII in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Major events | NFL",
"text": "On May 19, 2015, Mercedes-Benz Stadium was awarded Super Bowl LIII in 2019, marking Atlanta's first time hosting the game since Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning",
"text": "The stadium was also pursued as a possible bid for a venue of an upcoming FIFA World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Major events | College and high school football",
"text": "In May 2019, the GHSA announced that the football finals would be moved from Mercedes-Benz Stadium to Georgia State Stadium (a redevelopment of Turner Field) starting in 2019, citing the higher costs of renting Mercedes-Benz Stadium compared to the former Georgia Dome."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "In December 2014, the Georgia World Congress Center's board of governors approved a resolution to raise the cost of the stadium to US$1.2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Major events | College basketball",
"text": "The stadium was to host the 2020 NCAA Final Four."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning",
"text": "On December 10, the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, in a unanimous decision, approved the blueprint and most of the agreement terms for the new stadium plans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations | Playing surface",
"text": "On February 7, 2019, stadium officials stated that the artificial turf would be replaced prior to the Falcons' 2019 season as part of nearly $2 million in capital improvements to the stadium; stadium officials also noted that the turf would be replaced approximately every two years given the number of events, both private and public, held annually at Mercedes-Benz Stadium."
}
] |
Mercedes-Benz Stadium was the host of the World Baseball Classic in 2019.
| 0 | 0 |
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Comprising the majority of South Asia, the Maurya Empire was centralized by the conquest of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and its capital city was located at Pataliputra (modern Patna)."
}
] |
f7ZR7V49caLYhQAqdV1e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Bindusara",
"text": "Bindusara extended this empire to the southern part of India, as far as what is now known as Karnataka."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline",
"text": "He conquers parts of Deccan, southern India."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Bindusara",
"text": "Apart from these southern states, Kalinga (modern Odisha) was the only kingdom in India that did not form part of Bindusara's empire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Chandragupta Maurya",
"text": "Chandragupta's son Bindusara extended the rule of the Mauryan empire towards southern India."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration",
"text": "Even though large parts were under the control of Mauryan empire the spread of information and imperial message was limited since many parts were inaccessible and were situated far away from capital of empire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Bindusara",
"text": "Bindusara, just 22 years old, inherited a large empire that consisted of what is now, Northern, Central and Eastern parts of India along with parts of Afghanistan and Baluchistan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline | Establishment of the Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BCE)",
"text": "The Greco-Bactrian king, Demetrius, capitalized on the break-up, and he conquered southern Afghanistan and parts of northwestern India around 180 BCE, forming the Indo-Greek Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Contacts with the Hellenistic world | Conflict and alliance with Seleucus (305 BCE)",
"text": "Seleucus Seleucus I Nicator, the Macedonian satrap of the Asian portion of Alexander's former empire, conquered and put under his own authority eastern territories as far as Bactria and the Indus (Appian, History of Rome,"
},
{
"section_header": "Contacts with the Hellenistic world | Foundation of the Empire",
"text": "Relations with the Hellenistic world may have started from the very beginning of the Maurya Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chandragupta rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India by conquering the satraps left by Alexander the Great, and by 317 BCE the empire had fully occupied northwestern India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Comprising the majority of South Asia, the Maurya Empire was centralized by the conquest of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and its capital city was located at Pataliputra (modern Patna)."
}
] |
The Maurya Empire occupied a big section of the Southern part of the Asian continent.
| 1 | 8 |
Maurya Empire
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Teaching | University of Erlangen",
"text": "For the next seven years (1908–1915) she taught at the University of Erlangen's Mathematical Institute without pay, occasionally substituting for her father when he was too ill to lecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amalie Emmy Noether (German: [ˈnøːtɐ]; 23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics."
}
] |
f7kv2vkOfJOywn1ll7BZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics annually awards Emmy Noether"
},
{
"section_header": "Teaching | University of Erlangen",
"text": "For the next seven years (1908–1915) she taught at the University of Erlangen's Mathematical Institute without pay, occasionally substituting for her father when he was too ill to lecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "Perimeter Institute is also home to the Emmy Noether Council, a group of volunteers made up of international community, corporate and philanthropic leaders work together to increase the number of women in physics and mathematical physics at Perimeter Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "In his 1935 memorial address, Alexandrov named Emmy Noether \"the greatest woman mathematician of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Graduate students and influential lectures | Göttingen",
"text": "A distinguished algebraist Olga Taussky-Todd described a luncheon, during which Noether, wholly engrossed in a discussion of mathematics, \"gesticulated wildly\" as she ate and \"spilled her food constantly and wiped it off from her dress, completely unperturbed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The minor planet 7001 Noether is named for Emmy Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amalie Emmy Noether (German: [ˈnøːtɐ]; 23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "In fiction, Emmy Nutter, the physics professor in \"The God Patent\" by Ransom Stephens, is based on Emmy Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The Emmy Noether Mathematics Institute in Algebra, Geometry and Function Theory in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel was jointly founded in 1992 by the university, the German government and the Minerva Foundation with the aim to stimulate research in the above fields and to encourage collaborations with Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "A street in her hometown, Erlangen, has been named after Emmy Noether and her father, Max Noether."
}
] |
Emmy Noether was a mathematician and taught at a Mathematical Institute.
| 1 | 2 |
Emmy Noether
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.The elegant train of the 1930s, the Orient Express, is stopped by heavy snowfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
}
] |
f7nInt7hmTKOaXMnc4Dy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Agatha Christie's Poirot \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010)David"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": ", Why Didn't They Ask Evans, and Parker Pyne Investigates claimed that Murder on the Orient Express had proven to be Christie's best-selling book to date and the best-selling book published in the Collins Crime Club series."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974) The book was made into a 1974 movie directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin; it was a critical and commercial hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He instructs the concierge to book him a first-class compartment on the Simplon-route Orient Express service leaving that night."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train, which had been published in the United States as Orient Express."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2001) A thoroughly modernized and poorly received made-for-TV version starring Alfred Molina as Poirot was presented by CBS in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The second solution is that all the passengers aboard the Orient Express participated in stabbing Cassetti/Ratchett to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "References and allusions",
"text": "Two less notable events helped inspire her novel: Agatha Christie's first journey on the Orient Express in late 1928, and a blizzard near Cherkeskoy, Turkey, that marooned an Orient Express for six days just a few months later, in February 1929.Flooding from rainfall that washed sections of track away in December 1931 halted Christie's return from her husband's archaeological dig at Nineveh aboard an Orient Express for 24 hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.The elegant train of the 1930s, the Orient Express, is stopped by heavy snowfall."
}
] |
The book, Murder on the Orient Express was written by a British author.
| 0 | 2 |
Murder on the Orient Express
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Other film roles were as James Stewart's nurse in Rear Window (1954) and as Doris Day's maid in Pillow Talk (1959)."
}
] |
f84Lxshkxor1nLySTOUJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 – February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ritter's acting career began as a teenager, when she appeared in high-school plays and stock companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Other film roles were as James Stewart's nurse in Rear Window (1954) and as Doris Day's maid in Pillow Talk (1959)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "During her career, Ritter was nominated for an Oscar six times, giving her the distinction of being one of the three actresses (tied with Deborah Kerr and Amy Adams) with the second most nominations for the award in an acting category without a win, surpassed only by Glenn Close with seven."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Although best known for comedy roles, she played the occasional dramatic role, most notably in With a Song in My Heart (1952), Pickup on South Street (1953), Titanic (1953), The Misfits (1961), and Birdman of Alcatraz (1962), for which she received her final Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Ritter died of a heart attack in New York City in 1969, nine days before her 67th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the recipient of a Tony Award and six nominations for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, more than any other actress in the category."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She made a memorable impression in a brief uncredited part, as a frustrated mother unable to find the toy that Kris Kringle has promised her son."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 1955, Thelma Ritter co-hosted the Oscar ceremony, notably trading wisecracks with Bob Hope."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Her third role, in writer-director Joseph L. Mankiewicz's A Letter to Three Wives (1949), left a mark, although Ritter was again uncredited."
}
] |
One of Thelma Ritter's comedic roles was playing on-screen the mother of actress Doris Day.
| 0 | 2 |
Thelma Ritter
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay",
"text": "\" The names of several real-life gangsters were altered for the film: Tommy \"Two Gun\" DeSimone became the character Tommy DeVito; Paul Vario became Paulie Cicero, and Jimmy \"The Gent\" Burke was portrayed as Jimmy Conway."
}
] |
f8SgVcW4yIYo3gk6dd4k
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Additionally, Goodfellas was named the year's best film by various critics' groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Lists",
"text": "In a poll of 80 film critics, \"Goodfellas\" was named the best film of the year by 34 critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scorsese initially titled the film Wise Guy and postponed making it; later, he and Pileggi changed the title to Goodfellas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Roger Ebert named Goodfellas the \"best mob movie ever\" and placed it among the ten best films of the 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" Both named it as the best film of 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay",
"text": "\" The names of several real-life gangsters were altered for the film: Tommy \"Two Gun\" DeSimone became the character Tommy DeVito; Paul Vario became Paulie Cicero, and Jimmy \"The Gent\" Burke was portrayed as Jimmy Conway."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay",
"text": "Scorsese initially titled the film Wise Guy, but later, he and Pileggi decided to change the title of their film to Goodfellas because two contemporary projects, the 1986 Brian De Palma film Wise Guys and the 1987–1990 TV series Wiseguy had used similar titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "It shows how it's done.\" He saw Goodfellas as the third film in an unplanned trilogy of films that examined the lives of Italian Americans \"from slightly different angles.\" He has often described the film as \"a mob home movie\" that is about money, because \"that's what they're really in business for.\" Two weeks in advance of the filming, the real Henry Hill was paid $480,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "She decided not to meet the real Karen, saying she \"thought it would be better if the creation came from me."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "and it felt very real. And yet that was the first mob movie that Scorsese ever dealt with a mob crew."
}
] |
In the film Goodfellas, real mobsters' names were changed.
| 0 | 0 |
Goodfellas
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ibsen mainly wrote realistic plays until he converted towards pursuing modern drama."
}
] |
f98rRBYYleml8BKh95ET
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is recognized as a classic of realism, nineteenth century theatre, and world drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "She is the daughter of General Gabler (an aristocrat)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hedda Gabler has been described as a female parallel to Hamlet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hedda's married name is Hedda Tesman; Gabler is her maiden name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Overall, Hedda Gabler is considered one of the great dramatic roles in theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretation",
"text": "In Krutch's analysis, Gabler is one of the first fully developed neurotic female protagonists of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hedda Gabler (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhɛ̂dːɑ ˈɡɑ̀ːblər]) is a play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "In January 2019, Richmond Shakespeare Society will stage the third production of Hedda Gabler in the Society's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative productions, tribute and parody",
"text": "Philip Kan Gotanda 'loosely' adapted Hedda Gabler into his 2002 play, The Wind Cries Mary."
},
{
"section_header": "Mass media adaptations",
"text": "In 2014, Matthew John also adapted Hedda Gabler starring Rita Ramnani, David R. Butler, and Samantha E. Hunt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ibsen mainly wrote realistic plays until he converted towards pursuing modern drama."
}
] |
Gabler was created with realism in mind.
| 0 | 0 |
Hedda Gabler
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher."
}
] |
f99nt2bHBvVzR1KfEYok
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1937–49: Modern dance and Eastern influences",
"text": "In early 1946 Cage agreed to tutor Gita Sarabhai, an Indian musician who came to the US to study Western music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1950s: Discovering chance",
"text": "Despite the fame Sonatas and Interludes earned him, and the connections he cultivated with American and European composers and musicians, Cage was quite poor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cage is perhaps best known for his 1952 composition 4′33″, which is performed in the absence of deliberate sound; musicians who present the work do nothing aside from being present for the duration specified by the title."
},
{
"section_header": "Archives",
"text": "The archive of the John Cage Trust is held at Bard College in upstate New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence | Centenary commemoration",
"text": "The program was supported by the Foundation for Emerging Technologies and Arts, Laura Kuhn and the John Cage Trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Archives",
"text": "The John Cage Collection at Northwestern University in Illinois contains the composer's correspondence, ephemera, and the Notations collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence | Centenary commemoration",
"text": "John Cage Day was the name given to several events held during 2012 to mark the centenary of his birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Archives",
"text": "The John Cage Papers are held in the Special Collections and Archives department of Wesleyan University's Olin Library in Middletown, Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1912–31: Early years",
"text": "The family's roots were deeply American: in a 1976 interview, Cage mentioned that George Washington was assisted by an ancestor named John Cage in the task of surveying the Colony of Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher."
}
] |
John Cage was a musician.
| 0 | 0 |
John Cage
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "German outrage over reparations and the War Guilt Clause is viewed as a likely contributing factor to the rise of National Socialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "The differences between this document and the final Treaty of Versailles fueled great anger in Germany."
}
] |
f9BEhDpRS04OdhiFBVuS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Speech",
"text": "Wilson subsequently used the Fourteen Points as the basis for negotiating the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "The text of the Fourteen Points had been widely distributed in Germany as propaganda prior to the end of the war and was well known by the Germans."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "Notably, Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, which would become known as the War Guilt Clause, was seen by the Germans as assigning full responsibility for the war and its damages on Germany; however, the same clause was included in all peace treaties and historian Sally Marks has noted that only German diplomats saw it as assigning responsibility for the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Speech",
"text": "Lippmann's draft territorial points were a direct response to the secret treaties of the European Allies, which Lippmann had been shown by Secretary of War Newton D. Baker."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | United States",
"text": "Most of these fourteen points... would be interpreted... to mean anything or nothing.\"Senator"
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "These were both in 1914. This lack of any Allied incursions at the end of the War contributed to the popularization of the stab-in-the-back myth in Germany after the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Allies",
"text": "The report was made as negotiation points, and the Fourteen Points were later accepted by France and Italy on November 1, 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "President Wilson became physically ill at the beginning of the Paris Peace Conference, giving way to French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau to advance demands that were substantially different from Wilson's Fourteen Points."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Their job was to study Allied and American policy in virtually every region of the globe and analyze economic, social, and political facts likely to come up in discussions during the peace conference."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "German outrage over reparations and the War Guilt Clause is viewed as a likely contributing factor to the rise of National Socialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "The differences between this document and the final Treaty of Versailles fueled great anger in Germany."
}
] |
The ignoring of the fourteen points in the actual treaty we ended up with was likely responsible for the Nazi party's creation.
| 2 | 6 |
Fourteen Points
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After reading the love note burnt onto the piano key, Alisdair furiously returns home with an axe and cuts off Ada's index finger to deprive her of the ability to play the piano."
}
] |
fAMOfve9zuRFsF6tDMdD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ada, Flora, and their belongings, including a hand crafted piano, are deposited on a New Zealand beach by a ship's crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "While being rowed to the ship with her baggage and Ada's piano tied onto a Māori longboat, Ada asks Baines to throw the piano overboard."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Despite Ada's having her piano back, she ultimately finds herself missing Baines watching her as she plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After reading the love note burnt onto the piano key, Alisdair furiously returns home with an axe and cuts off Ada's index finger to deprive her of the ability to play the piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In 2019, the BBC polled 368 film experts from 84 countries to name the 100 best films by women directors, and The Piano was named the top film, with nearly 10% of the critics polled giving it first place on their ballots."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Later that night, while touching Ada in her sleep, Alisdair hears what he believes to be Ada's voice inside his head, asking him to let Baines take her away."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "film\" .\"The Piano\" was named as one of the best films of 1993 by 86 film critics, making it the most acclaimed film of 1993.In his 2013 Movie Guide, Leonard Maltin gave the film 3 1/2 stars out of 4, calling the film a \"Haunting, unpredictable tale of love and sex told from a woman's point of view\" and went on to say \"Writer-director Campion has fashioned a highly original fable, showing the tragedy and triumph erotic passion can bring to one's daily life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert wrote: \"The Piano is as peculiar and haunting as any film I've seen\" and \"It is one of those rare movies that is not just about a story, or some characters, but about a whole universe of feeling\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Piano is a 1993 period drama film written and directed by Jane Campion and starring Holly Hunter, Harvey Keitel, Sam Neill, and Anna Paquin in her first acting role."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They did a series of open auditions for girls age 9 to 13, focusing on girls who were small enough to be believable as Ada's daughter (as Holly Hunter is relatively short at 157 cm / 5' 2\" tall)."
}
] |
In the film The Piano, the Ada's hand is mutilated.
| 0 | 0 |
The Piano
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
fAp31NqymA48ScsI4zxM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "It has also been named as the most iconic film location in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "The change was marked by a naming ceremony in which the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, unveiled a name plaque attached to the tower on the adjoining Speaker's Green."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells | Chimes",
"text": "Lord be my guide/ And by Thy power/"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tower is a British cultural icon recognised all over the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "On 2 June 2012, The Daily Telegraph reported that 331 Members of Parliament, including senior members of all three main parties, supported a proposal to change the name from Clock Tower to Elizabeth Tower in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II in her diamond jubilee year."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "St Stephen's Tower. As MPs originally sat at St Stephen's Hall, these journalists referred to anything related to the House of Commons as news from \"St. Stephens\" (the Palace of Westminster contains a feature called St Stephen's Tower, a smaller tower over the public entrance)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "On 26 June 2012, the House of Commons confirmed that the name change could go ahead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "The Prime Minister, David Cameron, announced the change of name on 12 September 2012 at the start of Prime Minister's Questions."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Design",
"text": "The bottom 200 feet (61.0 m) of the tower's structure consists of brickwork with sand-coloured Anston limestone cladding."
}
] |
This iconic structure 's original name was clock tower.
| 1 | 3 |
Big Ben
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "British forces set fire to the Caroline and set it adrift in the Niagara River, about two miles above Niagara Falls."
}
] |
fAs2CJZzr7cpsGPMLnly
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began in 1837 when William Lyon Mackenzie and other Canadian rebels, with support from US citizens, fled to an island in the Niagara River, in the ship Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Throughout these events, the Canadian rebels enjoyed widespread support from the Americans, who provided them supplies and bases from which to launch raids on the British."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "On May 29, 1838, 13 raiders, mostly Canadian and American refugees from the 1837 rebellion, led by American William \"Pirate Bill\" Johnston, retaliated by capturing, looting, and burning the British steamer Sir Robert Peel while she was in U.S. waters."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "On December 29, 1837, while the Canadian rebels were on Navy Island, Canadian loyalist Colonel Sir Allan MacNab and Captain Andrew Drew of the Royal Navy"
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "Later that year, Irish-Canadian rebel Benjamin Lett murdered a loyalist, Captain Edgeworth Ussher, who had been involved in the Caroline affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In retaliation, a private militia composed of both US citizens and Canadians attacked a British vessel and destroyed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shots were exchanged and one US citizen, a watchkeeper, was killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "New York's response: Those of our fellow citizens... single-handed and alone, left our territory and united themselves with a foreign power, have violated no law... they have done no more than has been done again and again by the people of every nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "commanding a party of militia, acting on information and guidance from Alexander McLeod that the vessel belonged to Mackenzie, crossed the international boundary and seized the Caroline, chased off the crew, towed her into the current, set her afire, and cast her adrift over Niagara Falls, after killing one black American named Amos Durfee in the process."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For example, Tom Nichols (2008) has stated: Thus the destruction of an insignificant ship in what one scholar has called a \"comic opera affair\" in the early 19th century nonetheless led to the establishment of a principle of international life that would govern, at least in theory, the use of force for over 250 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "British forces set fire to the Caroline and set it adrift in the Niagara River, about two miles above Niagara Falls."
}
] |
This was an event in which the English burned a ship that had Canadian and American rebels and citizens onboard.
| 0 | 0 |
Caroline affair
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nero succeeded Claudius upon the latter's death in 54."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agrippina married Claudius, who adopted Nero as his heir."
}
] |
fBAGIx4DpqQmNMlZFq9q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nero's great-uncle Claudius then ascended the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Failed conspiracy against Nero led to tragic death of 26 year old Great Roman poet Lucan and his famous uncle Seneca, executed by Nero order."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agrippina married Claudius, who adopted Nero as his heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By February 49, she had persuaded Claudius to adopt her son Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nero's father died in 40, and his uncle was murdered in 41."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Great Fire of Rome",
"text": "Nero devalued the Roman currency for the first time in the Empire's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Some sources, though, portray him as a competent emperor who was popular with the Roman people, especially in the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Claudius had gold coins issued to mark the adoption."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After Nero's adoption, \"Claudius\" became part of his name: Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Great Fire of Rome",
"text": "Furthermore, Nero reduced the weight of the aureus from 40 per Roman pound to 45 (7.9 grams to 7.2 grams)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nero succeeded Claudius upon the latter's death in 54."
}
] |
Roman emperor Nero followed his great uncle who adopted him.
| 0 | 0 |
Nero
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The church contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the fourth century, the two holiest sites in Christianity: the site where Jesus was crucified, at a place known as Calvary or Golgotha, and Jesus's empty tomb, where he was buried and resurrected."
}
] |
fBGBJnssu7Ul9N2MN4Ga
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Calvary (Golgotha)",
"text": "According to tradition, Jesus was crucified over the place where Adam's skull was buried."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The church contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the fourth century, the two holiest sites in Christianity: the site where Jesus was crucified, at a place known as Calvary or Golgotha, and Jesus's empty tomb, where he was buried and resurrected."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Crusader period (1099–1244)",
"text": "According to the German clergyman and Orient pilgrim Ludolf von Sudheim, the keys of the Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre were in hands of the \"ancient Georgians\" and the food, alms, candles and oil for lamps were given to them by the pilgrims at the south door of the church."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction (4th century)",
"text": "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built as separate constructs over the two holy sites: the great basilica (the Martyrium visited by Egeria in the 380s), an enclosed colonnaded atrium (the Triportico) with the traditional site of Calvary in one corner, and across a courtyard, a rotunda called the Anastasis (\"Resurrection\"), where Helena and Macarius believed Jesus to have been buried."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "The church leaders warned that if the organization gets the access to control the sites, Christians will lose access to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo",
"text": "An Ottoman status quo decided upon in 1757 upholds the state of affairs for certain Holy Land sites, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "The city hall stressed that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and all other churches are exempt from the taxes, with the changes only affecting establishments like \"hotels, halls and businesses\" owned by the churches."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reconstruction (11th century)",
"text": "Contemporary sources credit the emperor with spending vast sums in an effort to restore the Church of the Holy Sepulchre after this agreement was made."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Crusader period (1099–1244)",
"text": "Historians agree that the fate of Jerusalem and thereby the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was of concern to if not the immediate goal of papal policy in 1095."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Christian pilgrim hospices have been maintained in this area near the Holy Sepulchre since at least the time of Charlemagne."
}
] |
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre according to some traditions is where Judas was crucified.
| 0 | 0 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx."
}
] |
fBJv8fVOU8FIyyjvp8Qq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "Fans believed the name was chosen because of the team's elevated location in Upper Manhattan, or as a nod to team president Joseph Gordon's Scottish-Irish heritage (the Gordon Highlanders were a well known Scottish military unit).Initially, the team was commonly referred to as the New York Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "The team was named the New York Highlanders."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1913–1922: New owners, a new home, and a new name: Years at the Polo Grounds",
"text": "In 1913 the team became officially known as the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1903–1912: Move to New York and the Highlanders years",
"text": "New York Press Sports Editor Jim Price coined the unofficial nickname Yankees (or \"Yanks\") for the club as early as 1904, because it was easier to fit in headlines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets, in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Roster | Retired numbers",
"text": "When the franchise moved across the street to the new stadium, the numbers were incorporated into Monument Park that sits place in center field between both bullpens."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1936–1951: Joltin' Joe DiMaggio",
"text": "After Ruth left the Yankees following the 1934 season, Gehrig finally had a chance to take center stage, but it was only one year before a new star appeared, Joe DiMaggio."
},
{
"section_header": "Fight and theme songs",
"text": "Another song strongly linked to the team is \"New York, New York\", which is played in the stadium after home games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the National League's (NL) New York Mets."
}
] |
The New York Yankees are centered in Manhattan.
| 2 | 4 |
New York Yankees
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | The Nation of Domination (1997–1998)",
"text": "After losing the Intercontinental Championship to Owen Hart on the April 28, 1997 episode of Raw Is War and suffering a legitimate knee injury in a match against Mankind, Maivia returned in August 1997 and turned heel for the first time in his career by lashing out at fans who had been booing him and joining Faarooq, D'Lo Brown and Kama in the stable called the Nation of Domination."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | Debut and Intercontinental Champion (1996–1997)",
"text": "Johnson made his WWF debut as Rocky Maivia, a combination of his father and grandfather's ring names, although his real name was acknowledged by the announcers."
}
] |
fBQE0flfDsezD1u2VuZc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | WWF Champion and rise to superstardom (1998–2000)",
"text": "This was played up in the storyline as Big Show provided additional video footage showing this fact, and claimed to be the rightful winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and philanthropy",
"text": "In 2006, Johnson founded the Dwayne Johnson Rock Foundation, a charity working with at-risk and terminally ill children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Growing up, Johnson lived briefly in New Zealand with his mother's family, where he played rugby and attended Richmond Road Primary School in Grey Lynn before returning to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dwayne Douglas Johnson was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California, to Ata Johnson (née Maivia; born 1948) and former professional wrestler Rocky Johnson (born Wayde Douglas Bowles; 1944–2020)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Johnson also began playing sports, joining his high schools' gridiron football, track and field and wrestling teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | WWF Champion and rise to superstardom (1998–2000)",
"text": "After the 5th shot, Mankind was still at ringside instead of being two-thirds up the entrance ramp where he was supposed to be, and after the eleventh shot which knocked a bloodied Mankind out, a recording of Mankind saying \"I Quit\" from an earlier interview was played over the PA system."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dwayne Douglas Johnson (born May 2, 1972), also known by his ring name The Rock, is an American-Canadian actor, producer, businessman, retired professional wrestler, and former American football player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | Final feuds and first retirement (2003–2004)",
"text": "to set up another match with Hulk Hogan at No Way Out."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On June 1, 2007, they announced they were splitting up amicably."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | Return to WWE | Feud with John Cena (2011–2013)",
"text": "Leading up to WrestleMania, The Rock and Cena had several verbal confrontations on Raw."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | The Nation of Domination (1997–1998)",
"text": "After losing the Intercontinental Championship to Owen Hart on the April 28, 1997 episode of Raw Is War and suffering a legitimate knee injury in a match against Mankind, Maivia returned in August 1997 and turned heel for the first time in his career by lashing out at fans who had been booing him and joining Faarooq, D'Lo Brown and Kama in the stable called the Nation of Domination."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment | Debut and Intercontinental Champion (1996–1997)",
"text": "Johnson made his WWF debut as Rocky Maivia, a combination of his father and grandfather's ring names, although his real name was acknowledged by the announcers."
}
] |
Dwayne Johnson played the bad guy in wrestling after he banged up his knee.
| 0 | 0 |
Dwayne Johnson
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her Scottish mother, Anne (née Love; 1940–2009), was a psychologist and social worker from Greenock, Scotland, who emigrated to the United States in 1951 with her family."
}
] |
fBYT3om19gNCnfPsXMYA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "Moore, Julianne (2007). Freckleface Strawberry."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1599901077. Moore, Julianne (2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1599903163. Moore, Julianne (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1599907826. Moore, Julianne (2013)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-1452107929. Moore, Julianne (2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-0385391948. Moore, Julianne (2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-0385391917. Moore, Julianne (2016)."
},
{
"section_header": "Published works",
"text": "ISBN 978-0385391979. Moore, Julianne (2016)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julianne Moore (born Julie Anne Smith; December 3, 1960) is an American actress and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Established actress (2003–2009)",
"text": "Moore was fascinated by the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her Scottish mother, Anne (née Love; 1940–2009), was a psychologist and social worker from Greenock, Scotland, who emigrated to the United States in 1951 with her family."
}
] |
Julianne Moore has Irish roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Julianne Moore
|
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