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Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In one source, the Telegony is said to have been stolen from Musaeus of Athens by either Eugamon or Eugammon of Cyrene (see Cyclic Poets)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey (; Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia; Attic Greek: [o.dýs.sej.ja]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer."
}
] |
fmVSGS0g0DPI4wW1PcOY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The Odyssey is written in dactylic hexameter."
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture | Literature",
"text": "A True Story, written by Lucian of Samosata in the 2nd century AD, is a satire on the Odyssey and on ancient travel tales, describing a journey sailing westward, beyond the Pillars of Hercules and to the Moon, the first known text that could be called science fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey has a lost sequel, the Telegony, which was not attributed to Homer, but rather, in antiquity, to Cinaethon of Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad, the other Homeric epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey was written in a poetic dialect of Greek—a literary amalgam of Aeolic, Ionic, and other Ancient Greek dialects—comprising 12,110 lines of dactylic hexameter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey (; Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia; Attic Greek: [o.dýs.sej.ja]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work continues to be read in the Homeric Greek and translated into modern languages around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "For more about varying views on the origin, authorship and unity of the poem see Homeric scholarship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The details of the ancient oral performance and the story's conversion to a written work inspire continual debate among scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among the most noteworthy elements of the text are its non-linear plot, and the influence on events of choices made by women and slaves, besides the actions of fighting men."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In one source, the Telegony is said to have been stolen from Musaeus of Athens by either Eugamon or Eugammon of Cyrene (see Cyclic Poets)."
}
] |
The Odyssey is only 1 of the 3 prominent texts written by Homer.
| 1 | 5 |
Odyssey
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On August 11, 2014, at his home in Paradise Cay, California, Williams committed suicide by hanging."
}
] |
fmXNUjDT0LzxAZHQUB0j
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health | Later health complications",
"text": "In March 2009, he was hospitalized due to heart problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health | Addiction",
"text": ", let's go back to that. Useless conversations until midnight, waking up at dawn feeling like a vampire on a day pass."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "That same year, a mural of Robin Williams was created on Market Street, in San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robin McLaurin Williams was born at St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on July 21, 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "The first film role credited to Robin Williams is a small part in the 1977 low-budget comedy"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Stage work",
"text": "He headlined his own one-man show, Robin Williams: Live on Broadway, which played at the Broadway theatre in July 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "Directed by Marina Zenovich, the film, Robin Williams: Come Inside My Mind, was also screened at the Sundance Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "The Obama family offers our condolences to Robin's family, his friends, and everyone who found their voice and their verse thanks to Robin Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "At the United Nations Headquarters on August 12, 2014, Robin Williams was celebrated during the opening of the International Youth Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On August 11, 2014, at his home in Paradise Cay, California, Williams committed suicide by hanging."
}
] |
Robin Williams passed away from a heart attack.
| 0 | 0 |
Robin Williams
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their final studio album, Bridge over Troubled Water, was released that year and became their most successful, becoming one of the world's best-selling albums."
}
] |
fnlx9q6xfEDBBCiYNKMe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Growing apart and final album (1969–70)",
"text": "A brief British tour followed the album release, and the duo's last concert as Simon & Garfunkel took place at Forest Hills Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mainstream breakthrough and success (1965–66)",
"text": "As they considered The Sounds of Silence a \"rush job\" to capitalize on their sudden success, Simon & Garfunkel spent more time crafting the follow-up."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "In 1986, Simon said he and Garfunkel remained friends and got on well, \"like when we were 10 years old\", when they were not working together."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mainstream breakthrough and success (1965–66)",
"text": "Simon was distrustful of label executives; on one occasion, he and Garfunkel recorded a meeting with Davis, who was giving a \"fatherly talk\" on speeding up production, to laugh at it later."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Growing apart and final album (1969–70)",
"text": "Filming began in January 1969 and lasted about eight months, longer than expected."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary school in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize together and began writing material."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Growing apart and final album (1969–70)",
"text": "Following the end of filming in October, the first performance of what was planned to be their last tour took place in Ames, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "Art was hoping to be on the album, but I'm sure there will be other projects that they will work on together.\" Another rift opened when the lengthy recording of Simon's 1986 album Graceland prevented Garfunkel from working with engineer Roy Halee on his Christmas album The Animals' Christmas (1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mainstream breakthrough and success (1965–66)",
"text": "Amid concerns for Simon's idleness, Columbia Records chairman Clive Davis arranged for up-and-coming producer John Simon to kick-start the recording."
},
{
"section_header": "History | From Tom & Jerry and early recordings (1957–64)",
"text": "Columbia set up a promotional showcase at Folk City on March 31, 1964, the duo's first public concert as Simon & Garfunkel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their final studio album, Bridge over Troubled Water, was released that year and became their most successful, becoming one of the world's best-selling albums."
}
] |
Simon & Garfunkel broke up because their last album together was not that successful.
| 2 | 5 |
Simon & Garfunkel
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "It can look like butterscotch; other common surface colors include golden, brown, tan, and greenish, depending on the minerals present."
}
] |
foWnVcq1KJ4B5JkPpJZJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Astronomy on Mars",
"text": "Although Mars's moon Phobos appears about one-third the angular diameter of the full moon on Earth, Deimos appears more or less star-like, looking only slightly brighter than Venus does from Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "It can look like butterscotch; other common surface colors include golden, brown, tan, and greenish, depending on the minerals present."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "A long-standing nickname for Mars is the \"Red Planet\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being only larger than Mercury."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Climate",
"text": "Of all the planets in the Solar System, the seasons of Mars are the most Earth-like, due to the similar tilts of the two planets' rotational axes."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical observations | Martian \"canals\"",
"text": "He published several books on Mars and life on the planet, which had a great influence on the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Geography and naming of surface features | Impact topography",
"text": "Due to the smaller mass of Mars, the probability of an object colliding with the planet is about half that of Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Habitability and search for life",
"text": "These findings may be helpful in deciding where best to search for early signs of life on the planet Mars."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical observations",
"text": "The history of observations of Mars is marked by the oppositions of Mars, when the planet is closest to Earth and hence is most easily visible, which occur every couple of years."
}
] |
Mars, the planet, sometimes looks like candy, but the candy bar Mars, does not look like Mars the planet.
| 0 | 1 |
Mars
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Master Builder (Norwegian: Bygmester Solness) is a play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "The film started filming in early-2008 and was released in August."
}
] |
foeHFhpqNX9YIOT4hFiH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "The 2013 film A Master Builder (working title: Fear of Falling) was directed by Jonathan Demme."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "Directed by K.P. Kumaran, the film starred Mohanlal as Albert Samson, the master builder, and Nithya Menen as his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Master Builder (Norwegian: Bygmester Solness) is a play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Realism fused with symbolism",
"text": "On stage, both interpretations are possible, but it is difficult to give equal weight to both meanings in the same production."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Halvard Solness, master builder"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "The 2008 Malayalam-language Indian film Aakasha Gopuram is an adaptation of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot interpretation",
"text": "Halvard Solness, the master builder, has become the most successful builder in his home town by a fortunate series of coincidences for him which were the chance misfortunes of his competitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "The film started filming in early-2008 and was released in August."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot interpretation",
"text": "“My—my Master Builder!” The search for a meaning, or interpretation has engaged and often bewildered audiences and critics all over the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "The Master Builder was the first work Ibsen wrote upon his return to Norway from Europe in July 1891."
}
] |
The Master Builder was both a play and a film.
| 3 | 5 |
The Master Builder
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just weeks after Lincoln was elected as Buchanan's successor, Southern states began seceding from the U.S., and the American Civil War started."
}
] |
folF0WP2EQlKOtd6VEn4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years",
"text": "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just weeks after Lincoln was elected as Buchanan's successor, Southern states began seceding from the U.S., and the American Civil War started."
},
{
"section_header": "Romantic life",
"text": "Coleman broke off the engagement, and soon afterward, on December 9, 1819, suddenly died."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years",
"text": "He soon began writing his fullest public defense, in the form of his memoir Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of Rebellion, which was published in 1866."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years",
"text": "\"Buchanan was dedicated to defending his actions prior to the Civil War, which was referred to by some as \"Buchanan's War.\" He received threatening letters daily, and stores displayed Buchanan's likeness with the eyes inked red, a noose drawn around his neck and the word \"TRAITOR\" written across his forehead."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | Secretary of State",
"text": "However, as the war came to an end, Buchanan argued for the annexation of further territory, and Polk began to suspect that Buchanan was primarily angling to become president."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | Secretary of State",
"text": "After the outbreak of the Mexican–American War, he advised Polk against taking territory south of the Rio Grande River and New Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Congressional and diplomatic career | Ambassador to the United Kingdom",
"text": "Pierce won the 1852 election, and he accepted the position of United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is therefore consistently ranked by historians as one of the least effective presidents in history, for his failure to mitigate the national disunity that led to the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "His many talents, which in a quieter era might have gained for him a place among the great presidents, were quickly overshadowed by the cataclysmic events of civil war and by the towering Abraham Lincoln."
}
] |
Soon after Buchanan's retirement, the South broke away from the United States and the Civil War began.
| 0 | 0 |
James Buchanan
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The business was originally owned by Port.ru, a company founded in 1998 by Eugene Goland, Michael Zaitsev and Alexey Krivenkov as spin-off from DataArt."
}
] |
fpHr94Y6SJnZBwmhhMei
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mail. Ru Group, ООО (commonly referred to as Mail."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Ru, which would have a value of $484 million based on Mail."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Ru. Ru. Mail. Ru Group offers a variety of online communication products and entertainment services for Russian speakers all over the world Email & portal – email, main page, content projects"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ru Agent and ICQ), an e-mail service and Internet portal Mail.ru, as well as a number of online games."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Ru's own engine occurred in the summer of 2013.In late 2012, Mail.ru Group's plans for buying two-letter domain My.com became known."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mail. Ru controls and operates the 3 largest and most popular Russian social networking sites, VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, and Moi Mir, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ru) is a Russian internet company."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Ru would discontinue using Google search services."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In November 2012, it was reported that Mail."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Full migration to the use of Mail."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The business was originally owned by Port.ru, a company founded in 1998 by Eugene Goland, Michael Zaitsev and Alexey Krivenkov as spin-off from DataArt."
}
] |
Mail. Ru was created in the late 1980s.
| 0 | 0 |
Mail.Ru
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he did not come from a musical background, at an early age he was taken under the wing of composer Simon Mayr who had enrolled him by means of a full scholarship in a school which he had set up."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "His family was very poor and had no tradition of music, his father Andrea being the caretaker of the town pawnshop."
}
] |
fpsvKmqdz2xzbp1HkP0D
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "Gaetano (then 9) was accepted."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Antonio's sister Virginia was at that point only 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "In 1810 he applied for and was accepted by the local art school, the Academia Carrara, but it is not known whether he attended classes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "However, in spite of all this, Mayr not only persuaded Gaetano's parents to allow him to continue studies, but also secured funding from the Congregazione di Carità in Bergamo for two years of scholarships."
},
{
"section_header": "Donizetti's compositions",
"text": "Donizetti, a prolific composer, is best known for his operatic works, but he also wrote music in a number of other forms, including some church music, a number of string quartets, and some orchestral pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There he received detailed training in the arts of fugue and counterpoint."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "While not especially successful as a choirboy during the first three trial months of 1807 (there being some concern about a difetto di gola, a throat defect), Mayr was soon reporting that Gaetano \"surpasses all the others in musical progress\" and he was able to persuade the authorities that the young boy's talents were worthy of keeping him in the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"By nine years, he was the younger brother of Giuseppe Donizetti, who had become, in 1828, Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court of Sultan Mahmud II (1808–1839)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Attempts to move Donizetti back to Paris",
"text": "In late December, early January 1847, visits from a friend from Vienna who lived in Paris—Baron Eduard von Lannoy—resulted in a letter from Lannoy to Giuseppe Donizetti in Constantinople outlining what he saw as a better solution: rather than have friends travel the five hours to see his brother, Lannoy recommended that Gaetano be moved to Paris where he could be taken care of by the same doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "Due Sicilie stated that it would include a Donizetti opera, describing the composer as: a young pupil of one of the most valued Maestros of the century, Mayer (sic), a large part of whose glory might be called ours, he having modeled his style on that of the great luminaries of the musical art sprung up among us."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he did not come from a musical background, at an early age he was taken under the wing of composer Simon Mayr who had enrolled him by means of a full scholarship in a school which he had set up."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "His family was very poor and had no tradition of music, his father Andrea being the caretaker of the town pawnshop."
}
] |
Gaetano Donizetti's parents, brothers, and sisters were all enthusiasts of the musical arts.
| 0 | 0 |
Gaetano Donizetti
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "He graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1949 and received a bachelor's degree in economics from Xavier University in 1953.In 1952,"
}
] |
fq4GQZLyJbXkTWS1IQ31
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "At the time of Bunning's death, Tony Clark, then serving as MLBPA's executive director, praised Bunning's union activities: \"Recognizing the need to ensure that all players receive fair representation in their dealings with major league club owners, Jim, along with a number of his peers, helped pave the way for generations of players.\" On December 18, 2008, the Lexington Herald Leader reported that Sen. Bunning's non-profit foundation, the Jim Bunning Foundation, has given less than 25 percent of its proceeds to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "Bunning Foundation board members include his wife Mary, and Cincinnati tire dealer Bob Sumerel."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "In 2008, records indicate that Bunning attended 10 baseball shows around the country and signed autographs, generating $61,631 in income for the charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "The charity has taken in $504,000 since 1996, according to Senate and tax records; during that period, Senator Bunning was paid $180,000 in salary by the foundation while working a reported one hour per week."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "He graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1949 and received a bachelor's degree in economics from Xavier University in 1953.In 1952,"
},
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "Jim and Mary Catherine also have 35 grandchildren and 14 great-grandchildren, as of 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | First Senate term",
"text": "He was ranked by National Journal as the second-most conservative United States Senator in their March 2007 conservative/liberal rankings, after Sen. Jim DeMint (R-SC).."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Aborted 2010 re-election campaign",
"text": "\"He (Bunning) told Trey to do this\", one senior congressional official said of Bunning."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "Bunning was born in Southgate, Kentucky, the son of Gladys (née Best) and Louis Aloysius Bunning."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | First Senate term",
"text": "Among the bills that Bunning sponsored is the Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004."
}
] |
Jim Bunning holds an undergraduate degree.
| 2 | 4 |
Jim Bunning
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961."
}
] |
fq8LgplwXxlNtHTGe18i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: Faltered popularity and Brian's reduced involvement | Monterey Pop cancellation",
"text": "Detractors referred to the band as the \"Bleach Boys\" and \"the California Hypes\" as the media focus shifted from Los Angeles to the happenings in San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "Drawing from the Beach Boys' associations with Charles Manson and former California governor Ronald Reagan, Erik Davis remarked, \"The Beach Boys may be the only bridge between those deranged poles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "However, previous surf musicians did not project a world view as the Beach Boys did."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "By the end of the 1960s, the California sound declined due to a combination of the West Coast's cultural shifts, Wilson's professional and psychological downturn, and the Manson murders, with David Howard calling it the \"sunset of the original California Sunshine Sound ... [the] sweetness advocated by the California Myth had led to chilling darkness and unsightly rot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "The band's earlier surf music helped raise the profile of the state of California, creating its first major regional style with national significance, and establishing a musical identity for Southern California, as opposed to Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "California ultimately supplanted New York as the center of popular music thanks to the success of Brian's productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "\"During the 1970s, advertising jingles and imagery were predominately based on the Beach Boys' early music and image."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "Their stability, their staying power, and their ability to attract new fans prove as much.\" Cultural historian Kevin Starr explains that the group first connected with young Americans specifically for their lyrical interpretation of a mythologized landscape: \"Cars and the beach, surfing, the California Girl, all this fused in the alembic of youth: Here was a way of life, an iconography, already half-released into the chords and multiple tracks of a new sound.\" in Robert Christgau's opinion, \"the Beach Boys were a touchstone for real rock and rollers, all of whom understood that the music had its most essential roots in an innocently hedonistic materialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural influence | California sound",
"text": "There is a wider range of political and aesthetic sentiments in their records than in any other band in those heady times—like the state [of California], they expand and bloat and contradict themselves."
}
] |
The Beach Boys started in San Diego, California.
| 1 | 3 |
The Beach Boys
|
Science
| 10 |
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "The body's first line of defence against viruses is the innate immune system."
}
] |
frEVKp3G8fxGR8Qi5cFj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "The body's first line of defence against viruses is the innate immune system."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "RNA interference is an important innate defence against viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "A second defence of vertebrates against viruses is called cell-mediated immunity and involves immune cells known as T cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Archaeal viruses",
"text": "Most archaea have CRISPR–Cas systems as an adaptive defence against viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "This means that the cells of the innate system recognise, and respond to, pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system, it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "Plants have elaborate and effective defence mechanisms against viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "Other viruses, called 'neurotropic viruses', are disseminated by neural spread where the immune system may be unable to reach them."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "The first, called IgM, is highly effective at neutralising viruses but is produced by the cells of the immune system only for a few weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "The second, called IgG, is produced indefinitely."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "HIV evades the immune system by constantly changing the amino acid sequence of the proteins on the surface of the virion."
}
] |
The body's second line of defence against viruses id the innate immune system.
| 4 | 10 |
Virus
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "Manchester United are one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields."
}
] |
frMYlrVzNF3OWGQg7Vb0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Manchester United Women",
"text": "In 2018, Manchester United formed a new women's football team, which entered the second division of women's football in England for their debut season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "Manchester United are one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won."
},
{
"section_header": "Manchester United Women",
"text": "A team called Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies began operations in the late 1970s and was unofficially recognised as the club's senior women's team."
},
{
"section_header": "Manchester United Women",
"text": "The team made an official partnership with Manchester United in 2001, becoming the club's official women's team; however, in 2005, following Malcolm Glazer's takeover, the club was disbanded as it was seen to be \"unprofitable\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football."
},
{
"section_header": "Support",
"text": "Manchester United is one of the most popular football clubs in the world, with one of the highest average home attendances in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world, and has rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal and Leeds United."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "The club had a successful period under the management of Matt Busby, starting with the FA Cup in 1948 and culminating with becoming the first English club to win the European Cup in 1968, winning five league titles in the intervening years; however, the club's most successful decade came in the 1990s under Alex Ferguson; five league titles, four FA Cups, one League Cup, five Charity Shields (one shared), one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Global brand",
"text": "The core strength of Manchester United's global brand is often attributed to Matt Busby's rebuilding of the team and subsequent success following the Munich air disaster, which drew worldwide acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Global brand",
"text": "Through Manchester United Finance and the club's membership scheme, One United, those with an affinity for the club can purchase a range of branded goods and services."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields."
}
] |
Manchester United F.C. is one of the most successful soccer team in England.
| 0 | 0 |
Manchester United F.C.
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friends is an American sitcom television series, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons."
}
] |
frp3qDDpH9oHzLzmqcEF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Broadcast | International",
"text": "On September 4, 2011, Friends officially ended on E4 after the channel re-ran the series since 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "It is shown in relation to the total number of series airing on the then-six major English-language networks in a given season."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Broadcast | United States",
"text": "In syndication until 2005, Friends had earned $4 million per episode in cash license fees for a total of $944 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Series finale",
"text": "The finale was the subject of two episodes of Dateline NBC, one of which ran for two hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media | Streaming",
"text": "In October 2014, Warner Bros. chairman and chief executive officer, Kevin Tsujihara, announced that the company had licensed the North American streaming rights of all ten seasons of Friends to Netflix, in a deal said to be worth around $500,000 an episode, or about $120 million in total."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Friends is parodied in the twelfth season Murder, She Wrote episode \"Murder Among Friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All ten seasons of Friends ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; it ultimately reached the number-one spot in its eighth season."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Broadcast | United States",
"text": "When it was confirmed that Friends would return for a ninth season, the news was mainly about the amount of money—$7 million per episode—that it took to bring the series back for another season."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "At the beginning of the second season, production moved to the larger Stage 24, which was renamed \"The Friends Stage\" after the series finale."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Remastering",
"text": "Netflix added all ten seasons of Friends in high definition to their streaming service in the United States on January 1, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friends is an American sitcom television series, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons."
}
] |
Friends ran for total of eleven seasons.
| 0 | 2 |
Friends
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "He possessed an outstanding curveball, but was overshadowed by his more flamboyant teammate Satchel Paige."
}
] |
fry4RkhR93VVWfVmOBlT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hilton Lee Smith (February 27, 1907 – November 18, 1983) was an American right-handed pitcher in Negro league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "From 1937 until his retirement in 1948, Smith was a star pitcher on the Monarchs."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "In late 1936, Smith signed with the Kansas City Monarchs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was an outfielder in his first college season and a pitcher in his second year."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and death",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Smith worked as a schoolteacher and later as a steel plant foreman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His big league debut was with the Monroe Monarchs of Monroe, Louisiana in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and death",
"text": "Smith had a quiet, reserved temperament, but in his later years he stood up for Negro Leaguers in their struggle to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and death",
"text": "It was not until 2001 that he was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He pitched alongside Satchel Paige for the Kansas City Monarchs between 1932 and 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "He possessed an outstanding curveball, but was overshadowed by his more flamboyant teammate Satchel Paige."
}
] |
American baseball player Hilton Smith was the undisputed best pitcher on the Mighty Monarchs.
| 0 | 0 |
Hilton Smith
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Blithedale Romance (1852) is Nathaniel Hawthorne's third major romance."
}
] |
fs2VBfIbYkVAi3EM1Kid
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The novel is written from a first-person limited point of view and the narrator is Miles Coverdale."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In Hawthorne (1879), Henry James called it \"the lightest, the brightest, the liveliest\" of Hawthorne's \"unhumorous fictions,\" while literary critic Richard Brodhead has described it as \"the darkest of Hawthorne's novels.\" The story takes place primarily in the utopian community of Blithedale, presumably in the mid-1800s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Blithedale Romance (1852) is Nathaniel Hawthorne's third major romance."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Themes of sin, guilt, and the betterment of humanity also appear in the novel through symbols like the veil and Blithedale itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Hollingsworth: A philanthropist overly concerned with his own ideals, he comes to the farm with"
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary and modern criticism",
"text": "Following its publication, The Blithedale Romance was received with little enthusiasm by contemporary critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The title identifies the novel as a romance, probably of the dark romantic type as Hawthorne (along with Edgar Allan Poe and Herman Melville) was considered a dark romantic writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbols",
"text": "The exotic flower is a symbol of her pride, life and vitality all of which the characters in the Blithedale Romance are set on destroying."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbols",
"text": "The veil is a constantly recurring theme throughout the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbols",
"text": "Spring/Fall: The novel starts in spring and ends in fall."
}
] |
The Blithedale Romance was called the darkest of the author's novels and is the 3rd novel he has written in a concern genre .
| 0 | 2 |
The Blithedale Romance
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "It is revealed that Farquhar never escaped at all; he imagined the entire third part of the story during the time between falling through the bridge and the noose breaking his neck."
}
] |
fs4MLaRseGMXo4AOy28m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" (1890) is a short story by the American writer and Civil War veteran Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "Similar to Bierce's protagonist, it is revealed at the end that the entire sequence of events has taken place in the short span of his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Author Kurt Vonnegut wrote in 2005: \"I consider anybody a twerp who hasn't read the greatest American short story, which is '[An] Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,' by Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It is a somber outlaw ballad that was inspired by the story \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "John Shirley's 1999 short story \"Occurrence at Owl Street Ridge\" about a depressed housewife is modeled after Bierce's story and Bierce plays a minor role in it."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "In 2006, the DVD Ambrose Bierce: Civil War Stories was released, which contains adaptations of three of Ambrose Bierce's short stories, among them \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" directed by Brian James Egan."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In an interview with Trevor Groth, Wyatt said \"The structure of the film's plot was inspired by a well known short story written in the 19th century by Ambrose Bierce called 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge'."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The plot of the radio play \"Present Tense\", written by James Poe, starring Vincent Price and broadcast on Escape on January 31, 1950, has similarities to An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "A particularly strong inspiration for the 1990 film Jacob's Ladder, for both Bruce Joel Rubin and Adrian Lyne, was Robert Enrico's 1962 short film An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, one of Lyne's favourite movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "Owl Creek Bridge, a 2008 short film by director John Giwa-Amu, won the BAFTA Cymru Award for best short."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "It is revealed that Farquhar never escaped at all; he imagined the entire third part of the story during the time between falling through the bridge and the noose breaking his neck."
}
] |
The 1890 short story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" ends in the protagonist escaping.
| 0 | 0 |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Human use | Therapeutic uses | Modern chemotherapeutics",
"text": "The shiitake mushroom is a source of lentinan, a clinical drug approved for use in cancer treatments in several countries, including Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Traditional and folk medicine",
"text": "Notable medicinal mushrooms with a well-documented history of use include Agaricus subrufescens, Ganoderma lucidum, Psilocybe and Ophiocordyceps"
}
] |
fs5EECtitWeWtCDtZGpO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Taxonomic groups",
"text": "Medically relevant genera include Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny."
},
{
"section_header": "Mycotoxins",
"text": "Many fungal secondary metabolites (or derivatives) are used medically, as described under Human Use below."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Therapeutic uses | Modern chemotherapeutics",
"text": "The shiitake mushroom is a source of lentinan, a clinical drug approved for use in cancer treatments in several countries, including Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Traditional and folk medicine",
"text": "Notable medicinal mushrooms with a well-documented history of use include Agaricus subrufescens, Ganoderma lucidum, Psilocybe and Ophiocordyceps"
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "Edible mushrooms include commercially raised and wild-harvested fungi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Poisonous fungi",
"text": "Genera with mushrooms containing deadly toxins include Conocybe, Galerina, Lepiota, and, the most infamous, Amanita."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | In food",
"text": "They are often available fresh in grocery stores and markets, including straw mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea), oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), shiitakes (Lentinula edodes), and enokitake (Flammulina spp.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Human use | Therapeutic uses | Modern chemotherapeutics",
"text": "Examples of statins found in fungi include mevastatin from Penicillium citrinum and lovastatin from Aspergillus terreus and the oyster mushroom."
}
] |
Fungus including mushrooms have been used for medical reasons.
| 0 | 2 |
Fungi
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Girolamo Savonarola (UK: , US: , Italian: [dʒiˈrɔːlamo savonaˈrɔːla]; 21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498) was an Italian Dominican friar from Ferrara and preacher active in Renaissance Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was known for his prophecies of civic glory, the destruction of secular art and culture, and his calls for Christian renewal."
}
] |
fs9gHXQjZrJKhNZlGJpC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "About the same time, he seems to have been thinking about a life in religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Savonarola's writings",
"text": "Konrad Eisenbichler (Toronto, Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2003, ISBN 9780772720207) Selected Writings of Girolamo Savonarola Religion and Politics, 1490–1498 ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1495 when Florence refused to join Pope Alexander VI's Holy League against the French, the Vatican summoned Savonarola to Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Reformer",
"text": "She and her heavenly minions will protect the city against its enemies and support its alliance with the French."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The return of the Medici in 1512 ended the Savonarola-inspired republic and intensified pressure against the movement, although both were briefly revived in 1527 when the Medici were once again forced out."
},
{
"section_header": "Reformer",
"text": "For a time, Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) tolerated friar Girolamo's strictures against the Church, but he was moved to anger when Florence declined to join his new Holy League against the French invader, and blamed it on Savonarola's pernicious influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Fiction",
"text": "In the 1976 film Network, the network programming executive played by Faye Dunaway refers to crusading reporter Howard Beale as \"a magnificent messianic figure, inveighing against the hypocrisies of our times, a strip Savonarola, Monday through Friday\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A trial by fire proposed by a rival Florentine preacher in April 1498 to test Savonarola's divine mandate turned into a fiasco, and popular opinion turned against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "This somewhat anachronistic image, fortified by much new scholarship, informed the major new biography by Pasquale Villari, who regarded Savonarola's preaching against Medici despotism as the model for the Italian struggle for liberty and national unification."
},
{
"section_header": "Friar",
"text": "One explanation is that he had alienated certain of his superiors, particularly fra Vincenzo Bandelli, or Bandello, a professor at the studium and future master general of the Dominicans, who resented the young friar's opposition to modifying the Order's rules against the ownership of property."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Girolamo Savonarola (UK: , US: , Italian: [dʒiˈrɔːlamo savonaˈrɔːla]; 21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498) was an Italian Dominican friar from Ferrara and preacher active in Renaissance Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was known for his prophecies of civic glory, the destruction of secular art and culture, and his calls for Christian renewal."
}
] |
Savonarola was against all religion.
| 0 | 0 |
Girolamo Savonarola
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Spiritual beliefs",
"text": "In 1973, Eastwood told the film critic Gene Siskel, \"No, I don't believe in God.\" Eastwood has said that he finds spirituality in nature (as suggested by his Western, Pale Rider, 1985), stating that \"I was born during the Depression"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Spiritual beliefs",
"text": "and I was brought up with no specific church."
}
] |
fsC0bCNAT7ndIU55crHS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships, marriages, affairs and children",
"text": "Although the identity of Laurie's biological mother is not publicly known, biographer Patrick McGilligan said she belonged to a theatre group Eastwood participated in."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "I felt the less he said, the stronger he became and the more he grew in the imagination of the audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Spiritual beliefs",
"text": "and I was brought up with no specific church."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "During the filming of a scene in which a bridge was blown up, Eastwood urged Wallach to retreat to a hilltop."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Eastwood played the role of a veteran thief who witnesses the Secret Service cover-up of a murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other personal interests",
"text": "In the August 1959 edition of TV Guide, for example, Eastwood was photographed doing push-ups."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "The film follows an American mercenary, who becomes mixed up with a prostitute disguised as a nun, and ends up helping a group of Juarista rebels during the reign of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Clint and Jeanne grew older, Ruth took a clerical job at IBM.Eastwood attended Piedmont Middle School, where he was held back due to poor academic scores, and records indicated he also had to attend summer school."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Don Loomis recalled hearing that Eastwood was romancing one of the daughters of a Fort Ord officer, who might have been entreated to watch out for him when names came up for postings."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "The film proved surprisingly successful upon its release and became Eastwood's most commercially successful film up to that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Spiritual beliefs",
"text": "In 1973, Eastwood told the film critic Gene Siskel, \"No, I don't believe in God.\" Eastwood has said that he finds spirituality in nature (as suggested by his Western, Pale Rider, 1985), stating that \"I was born during the Depression"
}
] |
Eastwood grew up a devout Catholic because of his mother.
| 0 | 1 |
Clint Eastwood
|
Music
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass."
}
] |
fsTimQ1CrUmCBiaRNG9k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | A Hard Day's Night",
"text": "Directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night involved the band for six weeks in March–April 1964 as they played themselves in a musical comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | 1964 world tour, meeting Bob Dylan, and stand on civil rights",
"text": "Lennon stated: \"We never play to segregated audiences and we aren't going to start now ... I'd sooner lose our appearance money.\" City officials relented and agreed to allow an integrated show."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "And because they were writing different material, we were playing differently.\" And because they were writing different material, we were playing differently.\" After Help! 's foray into the world of classical music with flutes and strings"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They used this name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a brief tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer and fellow Liverpudlian Johnny Gentle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "I didn't really have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music, and I was scared."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | First visit to the United States and the British Invasion",
"text": "\"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" in mid-December 1963 and began playing it on-air."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "However, they were also growing tired of the monotony of numerous appearances at the same clubs night after night."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "The three guitarists, billing themselves as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "He and Lennon identified the sessions as the start of the band's break-up."
}
] |
The Beetles started by playing birthday parties and weddings until they caught a big break playing at a night club in London.
| 3 | 9 |
The Beatles
|
Technology
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Pursuits",
"text": "It ceased publication in 2016."
}
] |
fsz1P89lR6EfYLsvN6TV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Pursuits",
"text": "Bloomberg Pursuits was a bimonthly luxury magazine distributed exclusively to Bloomberg terminal users and to newsstands."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "in 2012, Peter Grauer became the chairman of the company, a role he still holds."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Pursuits",
"text": "It ceased publication in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Professional Services",
"text": "The Terminal covers both public and private markets globally."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg New Economy Forum",
"text": "The Bloomberg New Economy Forum Community includes leaders from the public and private sectors from around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions | Bloomberg Businessweek (formerly BusinessWeek)",
"text": "In 2018, Joel Weber was named editor of the magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Markets",
"text": "In 2010, the magazine was redesigned in an effort to update its readership beyond Bloomberg terminal users."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions | Bloomberg Businessweek (formerly BusinessWeek)",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. bought a weekly business magazine, BusinessWeek, from McGraw-Hill in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Markets",
"text": "Bloomberg Markets is a monthly magazine launched in 1992, that provides in-depth coverage of global financial markets for finance professionals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. also includes a wire service (Bloomberg News), a global television network (Bloomberg Television), websites, radio stations (Bloomberg Radio), subscription-only newsletters, and two magazines: Bloomberg Businessweek and Bloomberg Markets."
}
] |
Bloomberg L.P. has an exclusive magazine that is still in publication today.
| 2 | 8 |
Bloomberg L.P.
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During a 21-year baseball career, he played for four different teams as a center and right fielder, spending most of his career with the Montreal Expos (1976–1986) and Chicago Cubs (1987–1992)."
}
] |
ftbcIOB8nShAmyXl61qR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Andre Nolan Dawson (born July 10, 1954), nicknamed \"The Hawk\" and \"Awesome Dawson\", is an American former professional baseball player and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During a 21-year baseball career, he played for four different teams as a center and right fielder, spending most of his career with the Montreal Expos (1976–1986) and Chicago Cubs (1987–1992)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Cubs teammate Ryne Sandberg campaigned for Dawson's induction during his speech at his own Hall of Fame induction ceremony in 2005: \"No player in baseball history worked harder, suffered more or did it better than Andre Dawson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dawson was a center fielder until knee problems – worsened by the artificial surface at Olympic Stadium – forced his shift to right field, followed by his move to a team which played on grass."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Dawson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2010, his ninth year of eligibility, rising from an initial vote total of 45.3% in 2002 to 77.9% in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "\"Dawson was the second player in the Hall of Fame whose plaque depicts him with an Expos logo, after Gary Carter."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "I watched him win an MVP for a last-place team in 1987 [with the Cubs], and it was the most unbelievable thing I've ever seen in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dawson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 25, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Accomplishments",
"text": "In 2019, Dawson was inducted into the National College Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "The major impediments to Dawson's election to the Hall of Fame had been his ordinary career .323 on-base percentage, his statistics being diminished in stature by sluggers who played after him in the steroid era, and never playing in a World Series."
}
] |
Andre Dawson "The Hawk" and "Awesome Dawson", is an American former professional baseball player and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame that played for three different teams as a center and right fielder.
| 0 | 0 |
Andre Dawson
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1960 film of the same name starred Burt Lancaster as Gantry and Jean Simmons as Sister Sharon Falconer."
}
] |
fu1KOmxASJnq1rzqiVgP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Gantry is a satirical novel written by Sinclair Lewis in 1926 that presents aspects of the religious activity of America in fundamentalist and evangelistic circles and the attitudes of the 1920s public toward it."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "There have been five adaptations of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1960 film of the same name starred Burt Lancaster as Gantry and Jean Simmons as Sister Sharon Falconer."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1998, Richard Rossi appeared on stage in his own adaptation of Elmer Gantry."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "111–23. Wheeler Dixon, \"Cinematic Adaptations of the Works of Sinclair Lewis\", Sinclair Lewis at 100: Papers Presented at a Centennial Conference."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Gantry was first published in the United States by Harcourt Trade Publishers in March 1927, dedicated by Lewis to the American journalist and satirist H. L. Mencken."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A Broadway play by Patrick Kearney opened on 7 August 1928 at the Playhouse Theatre, where it ran for 48 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" The result is a novel that satirically represents the religious activity of America in evangelistic circles and the attitudes of the 1920s toward it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Elmer Gantry also appears as a minor character in two later, lesser-known Lewis novels: The Man Who Knew Coolidge and Gideon Planish."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "John Tyler Blake, \"Sinclair Lewis's Kansas City Laboratory: The Genesis of Elmer Gantry\"."
}
] |
Elmer Gantry is a satirical novel written by Sinclair Lewis in 1926, with its first film adaptation in 1928.
| 0 | 0 |
Elmer Gantry
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He received his nickname as a child in Somerville, Massachusetts, because he frequented a grocery store and often asked for pie."
}
] |
fuBhSTH2rZqCerQJ4QWf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Joseph \"Pie\" Traynor (November 11, 1898 – March 16, 1972) was an American professional baseball player, manager, scout and radio broadcaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The store owner called him \"Pie Face\", which was later shortened to Pie by his friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "In 1969, as part of the observance of the centennial of professional baseball, Traynor was named the third baseman on MLB's all-time team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He received his nickname as a child in Somerville, Massachusetts, because he frequented a grocery store and often asked for pie."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Traynor began his professional baseball career in 1920 as a shortstop for the Portsmouth Truckers of the Virginia League."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "In 1948, Traynor was selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, being the first third baseman to be chosen by the Baseball Writers' Association of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "Baseball historian Bill James ranked Traynor 15th all-time among third baseman in his Historical Baseball Abstract."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He hit above .300 for the first time with a .338 batting average along with 12 home runs and 101 runs batted in."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "In 1971, he threw out the first pitch of Game 3 of the 1971 World Series at Three Rivers Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Traynor's last full season was in 1934 when he hit over .300 for the ninth time in ten seasons, and was named as the starting third baseman for the NL in the 1934 All-Star Game."
}
] |
Outside of his professional baseball career, Pie Traynor, is know for his pie baking skills, earning him his first name.
| 1 | 4 |
Pie Traynor
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa (), Atawallpa (Quechua), also Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in Hispanicized spellings)(c."
}
] |
fuiod6PE9I9PaqaSEV20
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "During this period, he first learned that Pizarro and his expedition had arrived in the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1502–26 July 1533) was the last Inca Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On the facade of the Royal Palace of Madrid there is a statue of the Inca emperor Atahualpa, along with another of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II, among the statues of the kings of the ancient kingdoms that formed Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest ended his reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Before the Inca Emperor Huayna Capac died in Quito in 1524 (possibly due to smallpox, a disease brought by Europeans), he had appointed his son Ninan Cuyochi as his successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A succession of emperors, who led the Inca resistance against the invading Spaniards, claimed the title of Sapa Inca as rulers of the Neo-Inca State, but the empire began to disintegrate after Atahualpa's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atahualpa (), Atawallpa (Quechua), also Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in Hispanicized spellings)(c."
}
] |
Atahualpa was the first emperor.
| 3 | 3 |
Atahualpa
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City."
}
] |
fv3LBZHJD9vVqJy9hzG6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Friends has also developed an alternative family lifestyle by representing young people that live unconventional domestic lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Broadcast | United States",
"text": "After the produced pilot lived up to NBC's hopes, the series premiered with the name Friends on September 22, 1994, in the coveted Thursday 8:30"
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "\" In the episode, amateur sleuth Jessica Fletcher (Angela Lansbury) investigates the murder of a writer for Buds, a fictional television series about the daily lives of a group of city friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "According to a pop-culture expert at the University at Buffalo, Friends is \"one of those rare shows that marked a change in American culture.\" The images of youth and the roles they portray are better defined and represent a lifestyle that centres around creating and sustaining relationships between friends running their own lives and seeking help from each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Conception",
"text": "Littlefield wanted the group to share memorable periods of their lives with friends, who had become \"new, surrogate family members.\" However, Littlefield found difficulty in bringing the concept to life and found the scripts developed by NBC to be terrible."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Friends is parodied in the twelfth season Murder, She Wrote episode \"Murder Among Friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "From September 24 to October 7, 2009, a Central Perk replica was based at Broadwick Street, Soho, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Conception",
"text": "They changed the title to Six of One, mainly because they felt Friends Like Us was too similar to the ABC sitcom These Friends of Mine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like Us, the series was finally named Friends."
}
] |
Friends was about 7 friends who lived in Brooklyn.
| 0 | 0 |
Friends
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of two Democratic Party nominees for president in the 1860 presidential election, which was won by Abraham Lincoln."
}
] |
fvN6mp8WPMHZF1FvRyd6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Senator | Pierce administration",
"text": "After he was unable to pull into the lead on the sixteenth ballot, Douglas withdrew from the race, and the convention nominated Buchanan."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | 1860 presidential election | Nomination",
"text": "His support was concentrated in the North, especially the Midwest, though some unionist Southerners like Alexander H. Stephens were sympathetic to his cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | Pierce administration",
"text": "After Buchanan led the first fourteen ballots of the convention, Pierce dropped out of the race and endorsed Douglas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Douglas was a candidate for president at the 1852 Democratic National Convention, but lost the nomination to Franklin Pierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Richard Dreyfuss portrayed Stephen A. Douglas in a Lincoln–Douglas debate audiobook."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Stephen Arnold Douglass in Brandon, Vermont, on April 23, 1813, to physician Stephen Arnold Douglass and his wife, Sarah Fisk."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "They had two sons: Robert M. Douglas (1849–1917) and Stephen Arnold Douglas, Jr., (1850–1908)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Edgar Lee Masters' work Children of the Marketplace: A fictitious biography is about Stephen Douglas."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | Pierce administration",
"text": "In a three-person race, Buchanan defeated Republican nominee John C. Frémont and Know Nothing nominee Millard Fillmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Illinois politician",
"text": "Douglas sought election to the United States House of Representatives in 1838, but lost by a 36-vote margin to Whig candidate John T. Stuart."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of two Democratic Party nominees for president in the 1860 presidential election, which was won by Abraham Lincoln."
}
] |
Stephen Douglas lost a presidential race to Lincoln.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen A. Douglas
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Although most of the approximately 5,000–10,000 known species of sponges feed on bacteria and other microscopic food in the water, some host photosynthesizing microorganisms as endosymbionts, and these alliances often produce more food and oxygen than they consume."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "All sponges are sessile aquatic animals, meaning that they attach to an underwater surface and remain fixed in place (i.e., do not travel)."
}
] |
fvdF0ZAmDvBKDc7FP2FE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Taxonomy",
"text": "Other research indicates Porifera is monophyletic."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Although most of the approximately 5,000–10,000 known species of sponges feed on bacteria and other microscopic food in the water, some host photosynthesizing microorganisms as endosymbionts, and these alliances often produce more food and oxygen than they consume."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning \"pore bearer\"), are a basal Metazoa (animal) clade as a sister of the Diploblasts."
},
{
"section_header": "Distinguishing features",
"text": "Sponges constitute the phylum Porifera, and have been defined as sessile metazoans (multicelled immobile animals) that have water intake and outlet openings connected by chambers lined with choanocytes, cells with whip-like flagella."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "All sponges are sessile aquatic animals, meaning that they attach to an underwater surface and remain fixed in place (i.e., do not travel)."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Taxonomy",
"text": "The phylum Porifera is further divided into classes mainly according to the composition of their skeletons: Hexactinellida (glass sponges) have silicate spicules, the largest of which have six rays and may be individual or fused."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology | Habitats",
"text": "The greatest numbers of sponges are usually found on firm surfaces such as rocks, but some sponges can attach themselves to soft sediment by means of a root-like base."
},
{
"section_header": "Vital functions | Respiration, feeding and excretion",
"text": "However, a study in 2007 found no evidence of this and concluded that they extract bacteria and other micro-organisms from water very efficiently (about 79%) and process suspended sediment grains to extract such prey."
},
{
"section_header": "Basic structure | Water flow and body structures",
"text": "Leuconid sponges grow to over 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter, and the fact that growth in any direction increases the number of choanocyte chambers enables them to take a wider range of forms, for example \"encrusting\" sponges whose shapes follow those of the surfaces to which they attach."
},
{
"section_header": "Vital functions | Reproduction | Asexual",
"text": "They use the mobility of their pinacocytes and choanocytes and reshaping of the mesohyl to re-attach themselves to a suitable surface and then rebuild themselves as small but functional sponges over the course of several days."
}
] |
The monophyletic sponge phylum Porifera are known to feed on bacteria where they attach to a surface in water.
| 0 | 0 |
Porifera
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo."
}
] |
fwg4Dk1RinDcZgsYONiI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "In 1500, an inventory of the cathedral workshops described the piece as \"a certain figure of marble called David, badly blocked out and supine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "His brow is drawn, his neck tense, and the veins bulge out of his lowered right hand."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "In 1410, Donatello made the first of the statues, a figure of Joshua in terracotta."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the Operai contracted Agostino to create a sculpture of David."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David is a 5.17-metre (17.0 ft) marble statue of the Biblical figure David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "Instead of being shown victorious over a foe much larger than he, David looks tense and ready for battle after he has made the decision to fight Goliath but before the battle has actually taken place."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "Michelangelo's David has become one of the most recognized works of Renaissance sculpture, a symbol of strength and youthful beauty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "Agostino only got as far as beginning to shape the legs, feet and the torso, roughing out some drapery and probably gouging a hole between the legs."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Notes Citations Coonin, A. Victor, From Marble to Flesh: The Biography of Michelangelo’s David, Florence: The Florentine Press, 2014."
}
] |
David, the sculpture, is made out of marble.
| 0 | 0 |
David (Michelangelo)
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950), who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home minister of independent India and adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the non-violent Indian Independence movement."
}
] |
fwjKfCRnq0rtwDEWKDrG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By 2016, a total of 135 metric tonnes of scrap iron had been collected and about 109 tonnes of it was used to make the foundation of the statue after processing."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It helped collect the iron needed for the statue by asking farmers to donate their used farming instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950), who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home minister of independent India and adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the non-violent Indian Independence movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and construction | Construction",
"text": "The core of the statue used 2,10,000 cubic metres (7,400,000 cu ft) of cement and concrete, 6,500 tonnes of structural steel, and 18,500 tonnes of reinforced steel."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "The previous tallest statue in India was the 41 m (135 ft) tall statue of Hanuman at the Paritala Anjaneya Temple near Vijayawada in the state of Andhra Pradesh."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and construction | Design",
"text": "This is aided by the use of two 250 tonne tuned mass dampers ensuring maximum stability."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The statue is located in the state of Gujarat, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue at 182 metres (597 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "An outreach drive named the Statue of Unity Movement was started to support the construction of the statue."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and construction | Design",
"text": "The Statue of Unity is a much larger replica of a statue of the leader installed at Ahmedabad International Airport."
}
] |
The colossal Statue of Unity in India used 135 metric tonnes of scrap iron.
| 0 | 3 |
Statue of Unity
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (; lit. 'Crown of the Palace', [taːdʒ ˈmɛːɦ(ə)l]) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the southern bank of the river"
}
] |
fwl7OJXLwsS2IB8gNrs4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (; lit. 'Crown of the Palace', [taːdʒ ˈmɛːɦ(ə)l]) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the southern bank of the river"
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The main chamber houses the false sarcophagi of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan; the actual graves are at a lower level."
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "A longstanding myth holds that Shah Jahan planned a mausoleum to be built in black marble as a Black Taj Mahal across the Yamuna river."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The imperial court documenting Shah Jahan's grief after the death of Mumtaz Mahal illustrates the love story held as the inspiration for the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Later days",
"text": "Upon Shah Jahan's death, Aurangzeb buried him in the mausoleum next to his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The tomb is the central focus of the entire complex of the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Interior decoration",
"text": "The Ninety Nine Names of God are calligraphic inscriptions on the sides of the actual tomb of Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Garden",
"text": "The Taj Mahal garden is unusual in that the main element, the tomb, is located at the end of the garden."
}
] |
The the Taj Mahal is a mausoleum on the northern bank that is a tomb for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal.
| 2 | 4 |
Taj Mahal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Exile and death",
"text": "He was assassinated in 2001, and succeeded by his son Joseph Kabila."
}
] |
fxHFMLAKCy851HipIsI9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Mobutu was married twice. His first wife, Marie-Antoinette Mobutu, died of heart failure on 22 October 1977 in Genolier, Switzerland, at the age of 36."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years and education",
"text": "Gbemani died when Mobutu was eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books | English",
"text": "The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books | English",
"text": "Facing the Congo: A Modern-Day Journey into the Heart of Darkness."
},
{
"section_header": "Exile and death",
"text": "He died there on 7 September 1997 from prostate cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Coalition government",
"text": "In May 1990, due to the ending of the Cold War and a change in the international political climate, as well as economic problems and domestic unrest, Mobutu agreed to end the ban on other political parties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Already suffering from advanced prostate cancer, he died three months later in Morocco."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1972 onwards, he was also supported by Mao Zedong of China, mainly due to his anti-Soviet stance, but also as part of Mao's attempts to create a bloc of Afro-Asian nations led by him."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books | English",
"text": "Nyerere and Africa : End of an Era, 2006, Chapter Six: \"Congo in The 1960s: The Bleeding Heart of Africa.\" New Africa Press, South Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Two of his sons from his first marriage died during his lifetime, Nyiwa (d. 16 September 1994) and Konga (d. 1992)."
},
{
"section_header": "Exile and death",
"text": "He was assassinated in 2001, and succeeded by his son Joseph Kabila."
}
] |
Mobutu died due to heart failure.
| 0 | 0 |
Mobutu Sese Seko
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel represents Twain's first attempt at historical fiction."
}
] |
fxvI0ewMjtkLwwY49zzr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Once Upon a Time introduced a version of the story where the shepherd named Prince Charming is the Pauper and Prince James is the Prince."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel represents Twain's first attempt at historical fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "A 2007 film, A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper starred identical twins Dylan and Cole Sprouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The prince swaps clothes with his butler Blackadder and says, \"This reminds of that story 'The Prince and the Porpoise'."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "\" Blackadder corrects him: \"and the Pauper,\" to which the prince replies \"ah yes, the Prince and the Porpoise and the Pauper.\" Since Blackadder the Third is set during the early 1800s, this is an anachronism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Prince and the Pauper is a novel by American author Mark Twain."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The \"whipping-boy story,\" originally meant as a chapter to be part of The Prince and the Pauper, was published in the Hartford Bazar Budget of July 4, 1880, before Twain deleted it from the novel at the suggestion of William Dean Howells."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "1983 Kannada movie Eradu Nakshatragalu was inspired by The Prince and the Pauper."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "He wrote The Prince and the Pauper having already started Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "A 1977 film version of the story, starring Oliver Reed as Miles Hendon, starring Rex Harrison (as the Duke of Norfolk), Mark Lester and Raquel Welch and directed by Richard Fleischer, was released in the UK as The Prince and the Pauper and in the US as Crossed Swords."
}
] |
The Prince and the Pauper is a historical story.
| 1 | 6 |
The Prince and the Pauper
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gadsden Purchase (Spanish: la Venta de La Mesilla \" The Sale of La Mesilla\"), is a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854."
}
] |
fySDXRgRpg1VuNQpyK8O
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Isthmus of Tehuantepec",
"text": "In 1847 a British bank bought the rights, raising U.S. fears of British colonization in the hemisphere, in violation of the precepts of the Monroe Doctrine."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "$50 million (equivalent to $1.2 billion in 2018) would have bought the Baja California Peninsula and a large portion of its northwestern Mexican states while $15 million ($370 million) was to buy the 38,000 square miles (98,000 km2) of desert necessary for the railroad plans."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Post-ratification controversy",
"text": "They watched in dismay as he squandered the funds generated by the Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Post-ratification controversy",
"text": "The purchased lands were initially appended to the existing New Mexico Territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "Gadsden was authorized to purchase any of six parcels of land with a price fixed for each."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Post-ratification controversy",
"text": "The Mexican people opposed such boundaries, as did anti-slavery US Senators, who saw the purchase as acquisition of more slave territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Post-ratification controversy",
"text": "The shifting of the course of the Rio Grande would cause a later dispute over the boundary between Purchase lands and those of the state of Texas, known as the Country Club Dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Post-ratification controversy",
"text": "As originally envisioned, the purchase would have encompassed a much larger region, extending far enough south to include most of the current Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The purchase also aimed to resolve other border issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "This highway is well north of the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gadsden Purchase (Spanish: la Venta de La Mesilla \" The Sale of La Mesilla\"), is a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854."
}
] |
The Gadsen Purchase bought the Dakotas from Canada.
| 0 | 0 |
Gadsden Purchase
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "& what dread feet?\". \" The Tyger\" is six stanzas in length, each stanza four lines long."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The first stanza opens the central question, \"What immortal hand or eye, / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?"
}
] |
fyuPpG3bLinxhgtvyjrg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical versions",
"text": "Rebecca Clarke – \"The Tiger\" (1929–33) Benjamin Britten, in his song cycle Songs and Proverbs of William Blake (1965) Marianne Faithfull, in her song \"Eye Communication\" (1981) from the Dangerous Acquaintances album."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Tyger\" is a poem by the English poet William Blake, published in 1794 as part of his Songs of Experience collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "A number of lines, however, such as line four in the first stanza, fall into iambic tetrameter."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "& what dread feet?\". \" The Tyger\" is six stanzas in length, each stanza four lines long."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and critical analysis",
"text": "\"The Tyger\" presents a duality between aesthetic beauty and primal ferocity, and Blake believes that to see one, the hand that created \"The Lamb\", one must also see the other, the hand that created \"The Tyger”: \"Did he who made the Lamb make thee?\" The \"Songs of Experience\" were written as a contrary to the \"Songs of Innocence\" – a central tenet in Blake's philosophy, and central theme in his work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Literary critic Alfred Kazin calls it \"the most famous of his poems\", and The Cambridge Companion to William Blake says it is \"the most anthologized poem in English\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Much of the poem follows the metrical pattern of its first line and can be scanned as trochaic tetrameter catalectic."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Blake achieves great power through the use of alliteration (\"frame\" and \"fearful\") combined with imagery (burning, fire, eyes), and he structures the poem to ring with incessant repetitive questioning, demanding of the creature, \"Who made thee?"
},
{
"section_header": "Musical versions",
"text": "Duran Duran – \"Tiger Tiger\" (1983) Greg Brown, on the album \"Songs of Innocence and of Experience\" (1986) John Tavener – \"The Tyger\" (1987) Tangerine Dream – the album Tyger (1987) Jah Wobble – \"Tyger Tyger\" (1996) Kenneth Fuchs – Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Four Poems by William Blake for Baritone, Flute, Oboe, Cello, and Harp (completed 2006) Herbst in Peking –"
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The first stanza opens the central question, \"What immortal hand or eye, / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?"
}
] |
The Eye of the Tyger consists of 24 lines of poetry and was written by William Blake.
| 0 | 5 |
The Tyger
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances",
"text": "The job required her to wait on tables before getting up on stage to perform."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances",
"text": "Adams began her professional career as a dancer in a 1994 dinner theater production of A Chorus Line in Boulder, Colorado."
}
] |
fzJnrBHES5JOKD67vNQ5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2012: Ingénue parts and expansion to dramatic roles",
"text": "Despite mixed reviews, Adams's work was praised."
},
{
"section_header": "Media image and acting style",
"text": "Adams works closely with her acting coach Warner Loughlin, and credits him for helping her organize and structure her thoughts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After leaving the army, her father sang professionally in nightclubs and restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After moving from one army base to another, Adams's family settled in Castle Rock, Colorado, when she was eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances",
"text": "The job required her to wait on tables before getting up on stage to perform."
},
{
"section_header": "Media image and acting style",
"text": "Also that year, she was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2012: Ingénue parts and expansion to dramatic roles",
"text": "Adams began the new decade with a leading role opposite Matthew Goode in the romantic comedy Leap Year (2010), which the critic Richard Roeper believed was saved from \"truly awful status\" by Adams's presence."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2012: Ingénue parts and expansion to dramatic roles",
"text": "It marked her third and final collaboration with Hoffman, whom she deeply admired, before his death two years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Media image and acting style",
"text": "Adams prefers to work with confident directors who give her space to think for herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Adams met the actor and painter Darren Le Gallo at an acting class in 2001, and they began dating a year later while collaborating on a short film named Pennies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances",
"text": "Adams began her professional career as a dancer in a 1994 dinner theater production of A Chorus Line in Boulder, Colorado."
}
] |
Amy Adams's acting career began in regional theatre, where she was expected to work in the restaurant before putting on the show.
| 0 | 2 |
Amy Adams
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination of Lincoln",
"text": "Booth then jumped from the President's box to the stage, where he raised his knife and shouted \"Sic semper tyrannis\". (Latin for \"Thus always to tyrants,\" attributed to Brutus at Caesar's assassination; state motto of Virginia and mentioned in the new \"Maryland, My Maryland\", future anthem of Booth's Maryland.) According to some accounts, Booth added, \"I have done it, the South is avenged!\" Some witnesses reported that Booth fractured or otherwise injured his leg when his spur snagged a decorative U.S. Treasury Guard flag while leaping to the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination of Lincoln",
"text": "Historian Michael W. Kauffman questioned this legend in his book American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies, writing that eyewitness accounts of Booth's hurried stage exit made it unlikely that his leg was broken then."
}
] |
fzcQb6TScZFgRgASfQ7Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Stage productions",
"text": "The promptbook is one of only two known surviving promptbooks created by John Wilkes Booth, and uses the Colley Cibber adaptation of Shakespeare's text."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical career | 1850s",
"text": "On opening night, he experienced stage fright and stumbled over one of his lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "According to Corbett's later account, he fired at Booth because the fugitive \"raised his pistol to shoot\" at them."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination of Lincoln",
"text": "Historian Michael W. Kauffman questioned this legend in his book American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies, writing that eyewitness accounts of Booth's hurried stage exit made it unlikely that his leg was broken then."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical career | 1860s",
"text": "One called him a genius, praising his acting for \"never fail[ing] to delight with his masterly impressions.\" As the Civil War raged across the divided land in 1862, Booth appeared mostly in Union and border states."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Stage productions",
"text": "Austin-based theatre company The Hidden Room developed a staged reading of John Wilkes Booth's Richard III based on the manuscript promptbook in the collection of the Harry Ransom Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and pursuit",
"text": "A cross of lilies was at the head and roses covered the coffin's lower half."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years | Plot to kidnap Lincoln",
"text": "No conclusive proof has linked Booth's kidnapping or assassination plots to a conspiracy involving the leadership of the Confederate government, but historian David Herbert Donald states that \"at least at the lower levels of the Southern secret service, the abduction of the Union President was under consideration."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination of Lincoln",
"text": "Booth was the only one of the assassins to succeed."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination of Lincoln",
"text": "Booth then jumped from the President's box to the stage, where he raised his knife and shouted \"Sic semper tyrannis\". (Latin for \"Thus always to tyrants,\" attributed to Brutus at Caesar's assassination; state motto of Virginia and mentioned in the new \"Maryland, My Maryland\", future anthem of Booth's Maryland.) According to some accounts, Booth added, \"I have done it, the South is avenged!\" Some witnesses reported that Booth fractured or otherwise injured his leg when his spur snagged a decorative U.S. Treasury Guard flag while leaping to the stage."
}
] |
Despite the popular myth, it is thought unlikely that Booth injured his lower appendages landing on the stage after shooting the president.
| 3 | 5 |
John Wilkes Booth
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Earnings",
"text": "In 2019, Forbes recognized Jackson as the top-earning dead celebrity each year since his death except 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "Jackson's estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide make him the best-selling pop act of all time and the third-best-selling music artist in history."
}
] |
g06T2pczuD7SV88nD73K
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1987–1990: Bad, autobiography, and Neverland",
"text": "Jackson became known as the \"King of Pop\", a nickname that Jackson's publicists embraced."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1995–1997: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood",
"text": "Michael Joseph Jackson Jr. (commonly known as Prince) was born on February 13, 1997; his sister Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born a year later on April 3, 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "Jackson has been referred to as the \"King of Pop\" because he transformed the art of music videos and paved the way for modern pop music."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Posthumous sales",
"text": "Thriller, Number Ones and The Essential Michael Jackson became the first catalog albums to outsell any new album."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2006–2009: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It",
"text": "For Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest hits albums titled King of Pop."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "Jackson's estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide make him the best-selling pop act of all time and the third-best-selling music artist in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1984–1985: Pepsi, \"We Are the World\", and business career",
"text": "\" The New York Times wrote \"in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else.\" In November 1983, Jackson and his brothers partnered with PepsiCo in a $5 million promotional deal that broke records for a celebrity endorsement."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Vocal style",
"text": "He was known for his vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest entertainers in the history of music."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Music videos and choreography",
"text": "Michael Jackson's Ghosts, a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston, premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Earnings",
"text": "In 2019, Forbes recognized Jackson as the top-earning dead celebrity each year since his death except 2012."
}
] |
Michael Jackson was known as King of Pop and has the second most record sales.
| 3 | 6 |
Michael Jackson
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "\" This does not appear to be accurate as Miller made both deliberate changes and incidental mistakes."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The Devil in Boston. In 1953, the year the play debuted, Miller wrote, \"The Crucible is taken from history."
}
] |
g0KxEx2H0lZPnVXCW9zz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Miller claimed, in A note on the historical accuracy of this play, that \"while there were several judges of almost equal authority, I have symbolized them all in Hathorne and Danforth\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "\" This does not appear to be accurate as Miller made both deliberate changes and incidental mistakes."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)",
"text": "A local farmer, John is known for his independence and temper, which often gets him into trouble with the authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two",
"text": "Mary refuses to identify Elizabeth's accuser, but Elizabeth surmises accurately that it must have been Abigail."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Four",
"text": "She and John have a lengthy discussion, during which she commends him for holding out and not confessing."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "However, this conflates Danforth with the historical and extremely influential figure of William Stoughton, who is not a character and is only briefly mentioned in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two",
"text": "He mentions that Rebecca Nurse was also named, but admits that he doubts her a witch due to her extreme piousness, though he emphasizes that anything is possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Four",
"text": "Danforth, Hathorne, and a relieved Parris ask John to testify to the guilt of the other hold-outs and the executed."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act One",
"text": "The previous evening, Reverend Parris discovered Betty, some other girls, and his Barbadian slave, Tituba,"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two",
"text": "Cheever picks up the poppet on Elizabeth's table and finds a needle inside."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The Devil in Boston. In 1953, the year the play debuted, Miller wrote, \"The Crucible is taken from history."
}
] |
The author passed his novel off as historically accurate even though this fails to hold up to scrutiny.
| 1 | 2 |
The Crucible
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Buildings and monuments",
"text": "D.C. Barry Goldwater Peak is the highest peak in the White Tank Mountains."
}
] |
g0aqLwG9tFeLxHTPXjcW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Military career",
"text": "The visitor center at the Academy is now named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "\" A few years before his death, he addressed establishment Republicans by saying, \"Do not associate my name with anything you do."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A memorial statue set in a small park has been erected to honor the memory of Goldwater in that town, near his former home and current resting place."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Buildings and monuments",
"text": "Among the buildings and monuments named after Barry Goldwater are: the Barry M. Goldwater Terminal at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Goldwater Memorial Park in Paradise Valley, Arizona, the Barry Goldwater Air Force Academy Visitor Center at the United States Air Force Academy, and Barry Goldwater High School in northern Phoenix."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | 1964 presidential campaign | Results",
"text": "On the other hand, the defeat of so many older politicians created openings for young conservatives to move up the ladder."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Soon after arriving in London, he anglicized his name from Goldwasser to Goldwater."
},
{
"section_header": "Goldwater Scholarship",
"text": "It honors Goldwater's keen interest in science and technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party nominee for president of the United States in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "\"Some of Goldwater's statements in the 1990s alienated many social conservatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Other awards",
"text": "33rd Degree Mason The Douglas MacArthur Memorial Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Buildings and monuments",
"text": "D.C. Barry Goldwater Peak is the highest peak in the White Tank Mountains."
}
] |
There are many memorials to honor the life of politician, Barry Goldwater, but there has never been anything larger than a library named after him.
| 0 | 0 |
Barry Goldwater
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gomez was a five-time World Series champion with the Yankees."
}
] |
g0fMLAASXBdpFIdAujtv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He won a World Series game in 1932, two in 1936, two in 1937 and one in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gomez won six World Series games without a loss, a career World Series record."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gomez was a five-time World Series champion with the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "The Committee noted that Lefty pitched in seven World Series games with no losses and five wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also set a World Series record by receiving two walks in the same inning on October 6, 1937.Nicknamed \"El Goofo\" and \"Goofy Gomez\", he was known for his sense of humor, even on the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\" Do you think that match will help you see Feller's fast one?\" Gomez replied, \"No, I'm not concerned about that."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In one game, he came up to bat when it was slightly foggy."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "Wearing a Yankee cap, Gomez became the second player of Hispanic descent to be inducted."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Lefty's best season came in 1934, when he won 26 games and lost just five."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During that season, he was said to be a great starting pitcher, but won through the support of Johnny Murphy, who relieved him in later innings."
}
] |
The Yankees won a quintet of the World Series with Gomez on the tean.
| 0 | 3 |
Lefty Gomez
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That began more than two centuries of peaceful relations between the United States and Britain, despite a few tense moments, such as the Pig War in 1859 and Trent Affair in 1861."
}
] |
g0zmS4fdjYYmWXVhBFWp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Ghent (8 Stat. 218) was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "In 1922, the Fountain of Time was dedicated in Washington Park, Chicago, commemorating 110 years of peace between the United States and Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Agreement",
"text": "The treaty thus made no changes to the prewar boundaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both sides signed it on December 24, 1814, in the city of Ghent, United Netherlands (now Belgium)."
},
{
"section_header": "Agreement",
"text": "However, a few years later, in 1826, Britain instead paid the United States US$1,204,960 (equivalent to $27,228,552 in 2019) for them."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "Located on an isthmus on the island, the memorial also celebrates the lasting peace between Britain, Canada, and the United States that followed the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "As the peace talks opened American diplomats decided not to present President James Madison's demands for the end of impressment and suggestion that Britain turn Canada over to the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "Adams argued that there was no precedent for including Native allies in Euro-American peace treaties, and to do so would be for the United States to abandon its sovereign claims over Native homelands."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "James Carr argues that Britain negotiated the Treaty of Ghent with the goal of ending the war but that it knew that a major British expedition had been ordered to seize New Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "To many Americans, enough humiliating land and sea military victories had been scored over Britain, which had just proved to be the dominant world power by leading the defeat of Napoleon, that full independence from Britain had been forced on them, thus qualifying as a second victory over the British people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That began more than two centuries of peaceful relations between the United States and Britain, despite a few tense moments, such as the Pig War in 1859 and Trent Affair in 1861."
}
] |
The signing of The Treaty of Ghent made way for over 200 years of a peaceful relationship between the US and Britain.
| 0 | 0 |
Treaty of Ghent
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Genre and structure",
"text": "Even in the Decameron, storytellers are encouraged to stick to the theme decided on for the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre and structure",
"text": "The idea of a pilgrimage to get such a diverse collection of people together for literary purposes was also unprecedented, though \"the association of pilgrims and storytelling was a familiar one\"."
}
] |
g1KCYG43nrMuZ2hDhyxf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical context and themes | Religion",
"text": "The ultimate pilgrimage destination was Jerusalem, but within England Canterbury was a popular destination."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre and structure",
"text": "Having the Knight go first gives one the idea that all will tell their stories by class, with the Monk following the Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context and themes | Liminality",
"text": "The concept of liminality figures prominently within The Canterbury Tales."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Order",
"text": "An alternative ordering (seen in an early manuscript containing The Canterbury Tales, the early-fifteenth century Harley MS. 7334) places Fragment VIII before VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "He not only considers the readers of his work as an audience, but the other pilgrims within the story as well, creating a multi-layered rhetoricWith"
},
{
"section_header": "Genre and structure",
"text": "His writing of the story seems focused primarily on the stories being told, and not on the pilgrimage itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary adaptations",
"text": "Henry Dudeney's 1907 book The Canterbury Puzzles contains a part reputedly lost from what modern readers know as Chaucer's tales."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Order",
"text": "The tales that make up a Fragment are closely related and contain internal indications of their order of presentation, usually with one character speaking to and then stepping aside for another character."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context and themes | Religion",
"text": "Miracle stories connected to his remains sprang up soon after his death, and the cathedral became a popular pilgrimage destination."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context and themes | Social class and convention",
"text": "\" Several works of the time contained the same opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre and structure",
"text": "Even in the Decameron, storytellers are encouraged to stick to the theme decided on for the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre and structure",
"text": "The idea of a pilgrimage to get such a diverse collection of people together for literary purposes was also unprecedented, though \"the association of pilgrims and storytelling was a familiar one\"."
}
] |
The stories contained within the text are about a family going to Canterbury as a pilgrimage.
| 3 | 9 |
The Canterbury Tales
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Frogs (Greek: Βάτραχοι Bátrachoi, \"Frogs\"; Latin: Ranae, often abbreviated Ran. or Ra.) is a comedy written by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes."
}
] |
g1ljWqhq8PpaK999PULW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This is the point of the first choral interlude (parodos), sung by the eponymous chorus of frogs (the only scene in which frogs feature in the play)."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Quaouauh!\"The call of the Frog Chorus, \"Brekekekéx-koáx-koáx\" (Greek: Βρεκεκεκέξ κοάξ κοάξ), followed by a few of Charon's lines from the play formed part of the Yale \"Long Cheer\", which was first used in public in 1884, and was a feature of Yale sporting events from that time until the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Stephen Sondheim and Burt Shevelove adapted The Frogs to a musical of the same name, using characters of George Bernard Shaw and William Shakespeare instead of the Greek playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "In the Gilbert and Sullivan light opera The Pirates of Penzance, Major-General Stanley, in his introductory song, includes the fact that he \"knows the croaking chorus from The Frogs of Aristophanes\" in a list of all his scholarly achievements."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": ": \"Give 'em the axe, the axe, the axe!\" The Frog Chorus also figured in a later Axe Yell rendering the last two segments \"croax croax\", which was used by the University of California and Stanford University."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Huxley summarized the performance with the statement: \" And in the suspended notes, in the shakes and warblings over a single long-drawn syllable, I seemed to recognize that distinguishing feature of the Euripidean chorus which Aristophanes derides and parodies in the \"Frogs\"."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Finnegans Wake references this play with the words \"Brékkek Kékkek Kékkek Kékkek!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Frogs (Greek: Βάτραχοι Bátrachoi, \"Frogs\"; Latin: Ranae, often abbreviated Ran. or Ra.) is a comedy written by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Politics",
"text": "The Frogs deviates from the pattern of political standpoint offered in Aristophanes' earlier works, such as The Acharnians (425 BC), Peace (421 BC), and Lysistrata (411 BC), which have all been termed 'peace' plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Structure",
"text": "Charles Paul Segal argues that The Frogs is unique in its structure, because it combines two forms of comic motifs, a journey motif and a contest or agon motif, with each motif being given equal weight in the play."
}
] |
The Frogs is a comedic play.
| 0 | 0 |
The Frogs
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | School",
"text": "Turing's parents enrolled him at St Michael's, a day school at 20 Charles Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, at the age of six."
}
] |
g1xRV5vDPlUQ4Fc4Q45G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | School",
"text": "In 1926, at the age of 13, he went on to Sherborne School, a boarding independent school in the market town of Sherborne in Dorset."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | School",
"text": "Turing's parents enrolled him at St Michael's, a day school at 20 Charles Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, at the age of six."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | School",
"text": "Between January 1922 and 1926, Turing was educated at Hazelhurst Preparatory School, an independent school in the village of Frant in Sussex (now East Sussex)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "On 8 June 1954, Turing's housekeeper found him dead at the age of 41; he had died the previous day."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | School",
"text": "In 1928, aged 16, Turing encountered Albert Einstein's work; not only did he grasp it, but it is possible that he managed to deduce Einstein's questioning of Newton's laws of motion from a text in which this was never made explicit."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | School",
"text": "If he is to stay at public school, he must aim at becoming educated."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | School",
"text": "If he is to be solely a Scientific Specialist, he is wasting his time at a public school\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research | Hut 8 and the naval Enigma",
"text": "It is always difficult to say that anyone is 'absolutely indispensable', but if anyone was indispensable to Hut 8, it was Turing."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Conviction for indecency",
"text": "In January 1952, Turing was 39 when he started a relationship with Arnold Murray, a 19-year-old unemployed man."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research | Delilah",
"text": "In any case, Delilah was completed too late to be used during the war."
}
] |
Turing started schooling late the age of 8.
| 0 | 1 |
Alan Turing
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Enrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on 29 September 1901."
}
] |
g234YNBwhbZNMQ1Ggyyz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Impact and legacy | Legacy",
"text": "Fermi received numerous awards in recognition of his achievements, including the Matteucci Medal in 1926, the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938, the Hughes Medal in 1942, the Franklin Medal in 1947, and the Rumford Prize in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fermi held several patents related to the use of nuclear power, and was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and for the discovery of transuranium elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Postwar work",
"text": "orbit coupling that would lead to her receiving the Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "He added a footnote to this effect to his Nobel Prize acceptance speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "In 1938 Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics at the age of 37 for his \"demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "For Fermi, the news came as a profound embarrassment, as the transuranic elements that he had partly been awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering had not been transuranic elements at all, but fission products."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he was awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery, the new elements were later revealed to be nuclear fission products."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "After Fermi received the prize in Stockholm, he did not return home to Italy, but rather continued to New York City with his family in December 1938, where they applied for permanent residency."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many awards, concepts, and institutions are named after Fermi, including the Enrico Fermi Award, the Enrico Fermi Institute, the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station, and the synthetic element fermium, making him one of 16 scientists who have elements named after them."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Enrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on 29 September 1901."
}
] |
Enrico Fermi of Germany won the Nobel prize in 1938.
| 2 | 5 |
Enrico Fermi
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Last years | Death",
"text": "On his deathbed, his only possession was the half of a myrobalan fruit, which he offered to the sangha as his final donation."
}
] |
g2GkySLnkDNiJinrpHSF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern scholarship | Perceptions and historiography",
"text": "that underlie moral action; this was an exclusively Buddhist use of the word."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Ancestry",
"text": "Accordingly, her father took her to Pataliputra, where she was inducted into Bindusara's harem, and ultimately, became his chief queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Dharma | Animal welfare",
"text": "He imposed a ban on killing of \"all four-footed creatures that are neither useful nor edible\", and of specific animal species including several birds, certain types of fish and bulls among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources of information",
"text": "The Indica is a lost work, and only parts of it survive in form of paraphrases in later writings."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | The war",
"text": "The edict states that during his conquest of Kalinga, 100,000 men and animals were killed in action; many times that number \"perished\"; and 150,000 men and animals were carried away from Kalinga as captives."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "Several Buddhist establishments existed in various parts of India by the time of Ashoka's ascension."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It covered the entire Indian subcontinent except for parts of present-day Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala."
},
{
"section_header": "Imperial extent",
"text": "The distribution of Ashoka's inscriptions suggests that his empire included almost the entire Indian subcontinent, except its southernmost parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Imperial extent",
"text": "The Rock Edicts 2 and 13 suggest that these southernmost parts were controlled by the Cholas, the Pandyas, the Keralaputras, and the Satiyaputras."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Inscriptions",
"text": "It is likely that Ashoka's messages were also inscribed on more perishable materials, such as wood, and sent to various parts of the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years | Death",
"text": "On his deathbed, his only possession was the half of a myrobalan fruit, which he offered to the sangha as his final donation."
}
] |
Asoka's ultimate action was to dispense part of a bit of edible flora.
| 2 | 4 |
Asoka
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "The film was nominated for 8 Oscars at the 50th Academy Awards, including Best Director, Supporting Actress (Melinda Dillon), Visual Effects, Art Direction ("
}
] |
g2NJi4VM95rVZfaK4w0E
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind was selected as the #5 Best Sci-Fi Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "\"If we can talk to aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", he said, \"why not with the Reds in the Cold War?\" Sleeping is the final obstacle to overcome in the ascent of Devils Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is derived from Ufologist J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the third kind denotes human observations of aliens or \"animate beings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"I hung my story on the mood the song created, the way it affected me personally.\" During pre-production, the title was changed from Kingdom Come to Close Encounters of the Third Kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reissues and home media",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind: The Special Edition was released in August 1980, making a further $15.7 million, accumulating a final $303.7 million box office gross."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "Close Encounters was nominated for Best Science Fiction Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Williams was nominated for two Academy Awards in 1978, one for his score to Star Wars and one for his score to Close Encounters."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy | American Film Institute Lists",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies: #64 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills: #31 AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores: Nominated AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers: #58 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition): Nominated AFI's 10 Top 10: Nominated Science Fiction Film"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Spielberg explained, \"I wanted to make Close Encounters a very accessible story about the everyday individual who has a sighting that overturns his life, and throws it into complete upheaval as he starts to become more and more obsessed with this experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "The film was nominated for 8 Oscars at the 50th Academy Awards, including Best Director, Supporting Actress (Melinda Dillon), Visual Effects, Art Direction ("
}
] |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a movie that was not written by Stanley Kubrick and had more than seven nominations.
| 3 | 5 |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1954, when Olivia was six, the Newton-Johns emigrated to Melbourne, Australia, where her father worked as a professor of German and as master of Ormond College at the University of Melbourne."
}
] |
g2ipj8fTydy8Zrrot2en
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "However, later that year, Olivia Newton-John's Greatest Hits (No. 13 Pop, No. 7 Country) became her first platinum album."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Motherhood, cancer and advocacy",
"text": "In 2008, she raised funds to help build the Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre in Melbourne, Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career beginnings",
"text": "Newton-John's outlook changed when Pat Carroll moved to the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1954, when Olivia was six, the Newton-Johns emigrated to Melbourne, Australia, where her father worked as a professor of German and as master of Ormond College at the University of Melbourne."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New image",
"text": "The Physical album spawned two more singles, \"Make a Move on Me\" ("
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "The record was also called Let Me Be There in Australia; however, the US and Canadian versions featured an alternate track list that mixed new cuts with selections from Olivia and also recycled six songs from If Not for You, which was going out of print."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grease",
"text": "Pop, No. 20 Country, No. 7 AC) and the gold \"Summer Nights\" (No."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "Encouraged by expatriate Australian singer Helen Reddy, Newton-John left the UK and moved to the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Don't Stop Believin'. Camberwell, Australia: Viking Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "No. 30 No. 30 Pop, No. 7 Country). She headlined her first US television special, A Special Olivia Newton-John, in November 1976.In 1977, the single \"Sam,\" a mid-tempo waltz from Don't Stop Believin', returned her to the No. 1 spot on the AC (No. 40 Country) and also reached"
}
] |
Olivia moved to Australia when she was 7.
| 1 | 4 |
Olivia Newton-John
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence."
}
] |
g2pLyEjS37oIrck2HBYt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In addition, Lawrence of Arabia is currently one of the highest-rated films on Metacritic; it holds a perfect 100/100 rating, indicating \"universal acclaim\", based on seven reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Later film",
"text": "In 1990, the made-for-television film A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia was aired."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Johar was a well-known Indian actor who occasionally appeared in international productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Later film",
"text": "It depicts events in the lives of Lawrence and Faisal subsequent to Lawrence of Arabia and featured Ralph Fiennes as Lawrence and Alexander Siddig as Prince Faisal."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Representation of other characters",
"text": "The film has its defenders. Biographer Michael Korda, the author of Hero: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia, offers a different opinion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1991, Lawrence of Arabia was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected for preservation in the US Library of Congress National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2012, the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the seventh best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Representation of Lawrence",
"text": "Even during the war, Lowell Thomas wrote in With Lawrence in Arabia that he could take pictures of him only by tricking him, but Lawrence later agreed to pose for several photos for Thomas's stage show."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Jackson Bentley: Based on famed American journalist Lowell Thomas, who helped make Lawrence famous with accounts of his bravery."
}
] |
Lawrence of Arabia is an Indian film based on a tragedy.
| 2 | 3 |
Lawrence of Arabia (film)
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "It was translated into English by the BBC."
}
] |
g2qg822WgcPqvxBND0rS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "For many years, the most well-known translation available in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "Readable translation without scholarly jargon."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "I have for the most part adopted the opposite principle, omitting many episodes, but translating those that are retained almost in full, leaving out, however, most of the incidental passages in verse, which go very badly into English.\" The degree of abridgement, 30 out of the 100 chapters (which corresponds to roughly 1/6 of the whole text), and excising most of the verse, has led to a recent critic awarding it the lesser place, as a good retelling of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "The Journey to the West (1977–1983), a complete translation in four volumes by Anthony C. Yu, the first to translate the poems and songs which Yu argues are essential in understanding the author's meanings."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "Monkey: A Folk-Tale of China (1942), an abridged translation by Arthur Waley."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "It was translated into English by the BBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "Journey to the West (1982–1984), a complete translation in four volumes by William John Francis Jenner."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "In 2012, University of Chicago Press issued a revised edition of Yu's translation in four volumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "In 2006, an abridged version of this translation was published by University of Chicago Press under the title The Monkey and the Monk."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "This \"brilliant translation... through its selection of episodes gave rise to the misleading impression that that this is essentially a compendium of popular materials marked by folk wit and humor."
}
] |
It was translated in English.
| 3 | 6 |
Journey to the West
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s: The Kings Speech, continued work",
"text": "That same year, Rush starred as Albert Einstein in the first season of National Geographic's limited anthology series Genius."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is particularly known for his role as Captain Barbossa in the Pirates of the Caribbean films, and has appeared in films including Elizabeth (1998), Les Miserables (1998), Frida (2001), Munich (2005), and The Book Thief (2013)."
}
] |
g2qvc5ouE1MIJINSZTIH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s: Film breakthrough, Oscar win",
"text": "In 1998, he appeared in three major films: Les Misérables, Elizabeth, and Shakespeare in Love."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s: Pirates of the Caribbean films",
"text": "Rush has appeared on stage for the Brisbane Arts Theatre and in many other theatre venues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is particularly known for his role as Captain Barbossa in the Pirates of the Caribbean films, and has appeared in films including Elizabeth (1998), Les Miserables (1998), Frida (2001), Munich (2005), and The Book Thief (2013)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rush was born in Toowoomba, Queensland, the son of Merle (Bischof), a department store sales assistant, and Roy Baden Rush, an accountant for the Royal Australian Air Force."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "1994 : Sidney Myer Performing Arts Awards 1998: Awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters by the University of Queensland, in Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s: The Kings Speech, continued work",
"text": "That same year, Rush starred as Albert Einstein in the first season of National Geographic's limited anthology series Genius."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s: Film breakthrough, Oscar win",
"text": "In the 1990s Rush appeared in small roles on television dramas, including a role as a dentist in a 1993 episode of the British television series Lovejoy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Geoffrey Roy Rush (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s: The Kings Speech, continued work",
"text": "In 2013, Rush appeared alongside Jim Sturgess in The Best Offer and also appeared in film version of the best-selling novel The Book Thief."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s: Film breakthrough, Oscar win",
"text": "In Les Miserables Rush played Javert opposite Liam Neeson as Jean Valjean."
}
] |
Geoffrey Rush has appeared in many films, including Les Misérables, and Genius and continues to participate in the theater when he isn't visiting Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| 0 | 0 |
Geoffrey Rush
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "This (often unwanted) capacitance is called parasitic or \"stray capacitance\"."
}
] |
g2rxBydifNubJ8igAiNQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "{\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{0}} is the vacuum permittivityUsing"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The reciprocal of capacitance is called elastance."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "This (often unwanted) capacitance is called parasitic or \"stray capacitance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "\\over 4\\pi \\varepsilon _{0}}\\int {\\sigma \\over r}\\,dS} is the electric potential,"
},
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "R {\\displaystyle C=4\\pi \\varepsilon _{0}R\\,} Example values of self capacitance are: for the top \"plate\" of a van de Graaff generator, typically a sphere 20 cm in radius: 22.24 pF, the planet Earth: about 710 µF.The inter-winding capacitance of a coil is sometimes called self capacitance, but this is a different phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "Stray capacitance can allow signals to leak between otherwise isolated circuits (an effect called crosstalk), and it can be a limiting factor for proper functioning of circuits at high frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "However, for an isolated conductor, there also exists a property called self capacitance, which is the amount of electric charge that must be added to an isolated conductor to raise its electric potential by one unit (i.e. one volt, in most measurement systems)."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitors",
"text": "The equation is a good approximation if d is small compared to the other dimensions of the plates so that the electric field in the capacitor area is uniform, and the so-called fringing field around the periphery provides only a small contribution to the capacitance."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "Since impedance varies inversely with capacitance, the internode capacitance, C, is replaced by a capacitance of KC from input to ground and a capacitance of (K − 1)C/K from output to ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "It is often convenient for analytical purposes to replace this capacitance with a combination of one input-to-ground capacitance and one output-to-ground capacitance; the original configuration – including the input-to-output capacitance – is often referred to as a pi-configuration."
}
] |
Capacitance is called varepsilon when it is not wanted.
| 0 | 0 |
Capacitance
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Religion",
"text": "Despite the absolute prohibition of the Church for even the fourth marriage, Ivan had seven wives, and even with his seventh wife alive, he was negotiating to marry Mary Hastings, a distant relative of Queen Elizabeth of England."
}
] |
g38nJ7i7Ch6iHMibK6Vl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Ivan the Terrible had four legitimate wives, three of them were poisoned, presumably, by his enemies or the royal families, who wanted to promote their daughters to the tzar's brides."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "This event is depicted in the famous painting by Ilya Repin, Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on Friday, 16 November 1581 better known as Ivan the Terrible killing his son."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion",
"text": "Despite the absolute prohibition of the Church for even the fourth marriage, Ivan had seven wives, and even with his seventh wife alive, he was negotiating to marry Mary Hastings, a distant relative of Queen Elizabeth of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "The image of Ivan is played out in numerous operas (The Maid of Pskov, The Tsar's Bride, Ivan IV of Bizet etc.) and ballet Ivan the Terrible of Prokofiev."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "Ivan the Terrible is a major character in the Soviet-era fiction comedy Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future, based on a play by Mikhail Bulgakov."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Crimean raids",
"text": "The next year Ivan the Terrible, who was sitting out in distant Novgorod during the battle, killed Mikhail Vorotynsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "The Soviet filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein made two films based on Ivan's life and reign, Ivan the Terrible."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "play Ivan the Terrible: Absolute Power, written by Mike Walker and which was the first play in the first series of Tsar."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan",
"text": "After his conquest of Kazan, Ivan the Terrible is said to have ordered the crescent, a symbol of Islam, to be placed underneath the Christian cross on the domes of Orthodox Christian churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Conquest of Siberia",
"text": "He sent an envoy to Ivan the Terrible, with a message that proclaimed Yermak-conquered Siberia a part of Russia, to the dismay of the Stroganovs, who had planned to keep Siberia for themselves."
}
] |
Ivan the Terrible had 7 wives.
| 0 | 0 |
Ivan the Terrible
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the third of five children, following River (1970–1993) and Rain (born 1972), and preceding Liberty (born 1976) and Summer (born 1978), all of whom are actors."
}
] |
g3DpfqnV5SX8m0Zzug5g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Early career",
"text": "As a result of the media glare, his family retreated from the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Early career",
"text": "In order to provide food and financial support for the family, the Phoenix children performed at various talent contests, singing and playing instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2006–2010: Producing and self-imposed break",
"text": "\"Phoenix made his third collaboration with director James Gray in the film Two Lovers (2008), where he played a bachelor torn between the family friend his parents wish he would marry and his beautiful but volatile new neighbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2000–2005: Critical acclaim and commercial success",
"text": "For his portrayal of Johnny Cash, Phoenix was nominated for his second Academy Award, in the category of Best Actor as well as the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2000–2005: Critical acclaim and commercial success",
"text": "Phoenix was nominated for the British Independent Film Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2012–2018: Comeback and further acclaim",
"text": "Phoenix received his third Academy Award nomination, his second for Best Actor, as well as nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and BAFTA Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2019–present: Joker and acclaim",
"text": "Best Actor and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2012–2018: Comeback and further acclaim",
"text": "Film critics Manohla Dargis and David Edelstein agreed that no other actor could have done the role but Phoenix, stating \"Her is even harder to imagine without Mr. Phoenix, an actor who excels at exquisite isolation\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2000–2005: Critical acclaim and commercial success",
"text": "For his combined roles, Phoenix won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor and the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2000–2005: Critical acclaim and commercial success",
"text": "For his performance, which the critic Lisa Schwarzbaum described as \"deliciously creepy perversity\", Phoenix was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role and received his first nomination for the Academy Award in the category of Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the third of five children, following River (1970–1993) and Rain (born 1972), and preceding Liberty (born 1976) and Summer (born 1978), all of whom are actors."
}
] |
Phoenix is the only actor in his family.
| 0 | 0 |
Joaquin Phoenix
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final result was a major defeat for the union of strikers and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers."
}
] |
g3qMiLZkaz7PFunfhXYe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike or Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Nature of the 1892 strike",
"text": "The AA strike at the Homestead steel mill in 1892 was different from previous large-scale strikes in American history such as the Great railroad strike of 1877 or the Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Nature of the 1892 strike",
"text": "The Homestead strike was organized and purposeful, a harbinger of the type of strike which marked the modern age of labor relations in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike | Legal battles",
"text": "The company had waged a second front in state court, and was winning."
},
{
"section_header": "Union",
"text": "The strike ended on March 20 in a complete victory for the union."
},
{
"section_header": "Nature of the 1892 strike",
"text": "Earlier strikes had been largely leaderless and disorganized mass uprisings of workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final result was a major defeat for the union of strikers and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers."
},
{
"section_header": "The strike's conclusion",
"text": "The strike had collapsed so much that the state militia pulled out on October 13, ending the 95-day occupation."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Cohen, Steven R. \" Cohen, Steven R. \" Steelworkers Rethink the Homestead Strike of 1892,\" Pennsylvania History, 48 (April 1981), 155–77 David P. Demarest, Jr. (ed.), \"The River Ran Red\": Homestead, 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle on July 6 | Pinkertons attempt to land",
"text": "During the fighting, he played a vital role and attended to the injured on the barge."
}
] |
The 1892 Homestead Strike ended in a fight with private security and it was a major win for the strikers.
| 0 | 0 |
Homestead Strike
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. Google CEO Larry Page made this announcement in a blog post on Google's official blog."
}
] |
g4KqGmWGHbPeFcnFpxqw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On August 10, 2015, Google Inc. announced plans to create a new public holding company,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Alphabet would be created to restructure Google by moving subsidiaries from Google to Alphabet, narrowing Google's scope."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Before it became a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google Inc. was first structured as the owner of Alphabet."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The restructuring process was completed on October 2, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Investments and acquisitions | Acquisitions",
"text": "Flatiron Health, a startup founded by two former Google employees and backed by Alphabet, Inc., announced that it was to be acquired by health conglomerate Hoffmann-La Roche for $1.8 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "At the same time, it was announced that Google will be reorganized as a limited liability company, Google LLC.Eric Schmidt said at an Internet Association event in 2015 that there may eventually be more than 26 Alphabet subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. Google CEO Larry Page made this announcement in a blog post on Google's official blog."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The roles were reversed after a placeholder subsidiary was created for the ownership of Alphabet, at which point the newly formed subsidiary was merged with Google."
}
] |
The American multinational conglomerate Alphabet Inc. was created after a restructuring of Google and it was announced first on the news in 2015.
| 0 | 0 |
Alphabet Inc.
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "She received the 2018 Frontier of Knowledge award together with Micali, Rivest and Shamir."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser was awarded the 2012 Turing Award along with Silvio Micali for their work in the field of cryptography."
}
] |
g5N5aVUxfkShIbRmJpSl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Goldwasser was a co-recipient of the 2012 Turing Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser received the 2008-2009 Athena Lecturer Award of the Association for Computing Machinery's Committee on Women in Computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "She received the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "She is the recipient of The Franklin Institute's 2010 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "She received the 2018 Frontier of Knowledge award together with Micali, Rivest and Shamir."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser was awarded the 2012 Turing Award along with Silvio Micali for their work in the field of cryptography."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "On 26 June 2019 Goldwasser was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shafrira \"Shafi\" Goldwasser (Hebrew: שפרירה גולדווסר) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and winner of the Turing Award in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser has twice won the Gödel Prize in theoretical computer science: first in 1993 (for \"The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems\"), and again in 2001 (for \"Interactive Proofs and the Hardness of Approximating Cliques\")."
}
] |
Goldwasser received two winning awards with a recipient.
| 0 | 0 |
Shafi Goldwasser
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Mexico's most popular sport is association football."
}
] |
g5ZBquJ6Qac3lYaPEDOG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The Mexican professional baseball league is named the Liga Mexicana de Beisbol."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "While usually not as strong as the United States, the Caribbean countries and Japan, Mexico has nonetheless achieved several international baseball titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Mexico's most popular sport is association football."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Despite efforts by animal rights activists to outlaw it, bullfighting remains a popular sport in the country, and almost all large cities have bullrings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Viceroyalty of New Spain (1521–1821)",
"text": "Other important industries were the haciendas and mercantile activities in the main cities and ports."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Rafael Márquez is the only Mexican to have won the Champions League."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Mexican teams have won the Caribbean Series nine times."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The industry produces technologically complex components and engages in some research and development activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Government",
"text": "The executive is the President of the United Mexican States, who is the head of state and government, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Mexican military forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity and race",
"text": "Mexico had an active slave trade during the colonial period, and some 200,000 Africans were taken there, primarily in the 17th century."
}
] |
Baseball is Mexican society's most well liked sporting activity.
| 1 | 2 |
Mexico
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary discovers she has stagefright as she prepares for a tour of provincial opera houses, however Giulio helps her overcome it."
}
] |
g5oP0r4zeXx2eLMfiz74
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "The lyrics began \"One Night Of Love, When two hearts are one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One Night of Love was selected as one of the ten best pictures of 1934 by Film Daily's poll of critics, and it was a \"box office champion\" during 1934.While the film did not do well in rural areas and small towns, One Night of Love was the first Columbia film to gain important bookings in the powerful Loews chain of theaters, which was a milestone in Columbia's progress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One Night of Love is a 1934 American Columbia Pictures romantic musical film set in the opera world, starring Grace Moore and Tullio Carminati."
},
{
"section_header": "Featured music",
"text": "Grace Moore's title song \"One Night of Love\" was composed by Victor Schertzinger himself, with lyrics by Gus Kahn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the relatively new use of sound recordings for film, One Night of Love was noted at the time for its innovative use of vertical cut recording, for which Columbia Pictures received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two meet one of Giulio's old pupils, Lally (Mona Barrie), while in Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was directed by Victor Schertzinger and adapted from the story Don't Fall in Love, by Charles Beahan and Dorothy Speare."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "WinsBest Music (Scoring): Columbia Studio Music Department, Louis Silvers, head of department (Thematic Music by Victor Schertzinger and Gus Kahn) Best Sound Recording: Columbia Studio Sound Department, John Livadary, Sound Director Scientific or Technical Award (Class III): To Columbia Pictures Corporation for their application of the Vertical Cut Disc Method (hill and dale recording) to actual studio production, with their recording of the sound on the picture One Night of Love."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She decides to go on, and Mary's performance of Bizet's Carmen wins her an invitation to the Metropolitan Opera, her dream venue."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Moore's recording and performance of the Un bel di aria from Madame Butterfly did not go smoothly, as she had trouble hitting the high notes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary discovers she has stagefright as she prepares for a tour of provincial opera houses, however Giulio helps her overcome it."
}
] |
One of the characters in the film One Night of Love suffers from performance anxiety.
| 0 | 0 |
One Night of Love
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Location",
"text": "Barcelona is located on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea, on a plain approximately 5 km (3 mi) wide limited by the mountain range of Collserola, the Llobregat river to the southwest and the Besòs river to the north."
}
] |
g61oUDU2cp750fF4nvvW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "A considerable number of Muslims live in Barcelona due to immigration (169 locations, mostly professed by Moroccans in Spain)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Spanish Civil War and the Franco period",
"text": "Barcelona remained the second largest city in Spain, at the heart of a region which was relatively industrialised and prosperous, despite the devastation of the civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Metro and regional rail",
"text": "In addition to the city Metro, several regional rail lines operated by RENFE's Rodalies de Catalunya run across the city, providing connections to outlying towns in the surrounding region."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | General information",
"text": "The Barcelona metropolitan area comprises over 66% of the people of Catalonia, one of the richer regions in Europe and the fourth richest region per capita in Spain, with a GDP per capita amounting to €28,400 (16% more than the EU average)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | General information",
"text": "Barcelona was recognised as the Southern European City of the Future for 2014/15, based on its economic potential, by FDi Magazine in their bi-annual rankings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Spanish Civil War and the Franco period",
"text": "The result was a large-scale immigration from poorer regions of Spain (particularly Andalusia, Murcia and Galicia), which in turn led to rapid urbanisation."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Metro and regional rail",
"text": "Barcelona is served by an extensive local public transport network that includes a metro system, a bus network, a regional railway system, trams, funiculars, rack railways, a Gondola lift and aerial cable cars."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Location",
"text": "Barcelona is located on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea, on a plain approximately 5 km (3 mi) wide limited by the mountain range of Collserola, the Llobregat river to the southwest and the Besòs river to the north."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Migration",
"text": "In addition to that, 22.5% of the population was born outside of Spain, a proportion which has more than doubled since 2001 and more than quintupled since 1996 when it was 8.6% respectively 3.9%.The most important region of origin of migrants"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona."
}
] |
Barcelona is located in the southern region of Spain.
| 0 | 0 |
Barcelona
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career was interrupted by military service from 1943 to 1945."
}
] |
g72ORklXN71RWiPtDfcY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negro league and Mexican League career | World War II",
"text": "Joining the army's GS Engineers, 1313th Battalion, for the next three years, Irvin was deployed to England, France and Belgium, and he served in the Battle of the Bulge."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league and Mexican League career | Return to baseball",
"text": "After World War II, Irvin was approached by Brooklyn Dodgers executive Branch Rickey about being signed for the major leagues, but Irvin felt he was not ready to play at that level so soon after leaving the service."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "In the third game of the playoff between the Giants and Dodgers, Irvin popped out in the bottom of the ninth inning before Bobby Thomson hit the Shot Heard 'Round the World."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league and Mexican League career | World War II",
"text": "Following the 1942 Mexican League season, Irvin was drafted into military service."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league and Mexican League career | World War II",
"text": "Irvin said that while many black soldiers had been treated badly by their white counterparts, the situation improved for black soldiers as many white soldiers realized the contradiction in an oppressed group being sent to Europe to fight for the oppressed people in other countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He also served on the Veterans Committee of the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league and Mexican League career | World War II",
"text": "Irvin's military service left him with ringing in the ears, which affected his coordination."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "During that season, Giants manager Leo Durocher asked Irvin to serve as a mentor for Mays, who had been called up to the team in"
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "On October 19, 2016, a life-sized bronze statue of Irvin was dedicated in Monte Irvin Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In May 16, 2006, Orange Park in the city of Orange, New Jersey was renamed Monte Irvin Park, in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career was interrupted by military service from 1943 to 1945."
}
] |
Monte Irvin served in World War II.
| 0 | 4 |
Monte Irvin
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the film, two highly skilled assassins are hired to kill each other."
}
] |
g7PyuUba8VYxsXgSWCgg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Irene ends up dead, and Charley ends up back in New York, missing her, but consoled by Maerose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, while trying to find the best way to complete their missions, they end up falling in love."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Eduardo is so appalled by his brother's actions that he helps set up Dominic's permanent removal from the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "When her agent called up the movie's producer to request if she could be paid more, she was told \"Go to hell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the last of John Huston's films to be released during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the film, two highly skilled assassins are hired to kill each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Irene and Charley team up on a kidnapping that will enrich the family, but she shoots a police captain's wife in the process, endangering the organization's business relationship with the cops."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received seven nominations at the 58th Academy Awards (including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor) with Huston winning for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor is a 1985 American black comedy crime film directed by John Huston from a screenplay written by Richard Condon and Janet Roach based on Condon's 1982 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | American Film Institute",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs - Nominated"
}
] |
The film follows a band of soldiers from NY in the lead up to the first of global engagements between major countries.
| 0 | 0 |
Prizzi's Honor
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Issues",
"text": "Three major types of issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850: a variety of boundary issues, the status of territory issues, and the issue of slavery."
}
] |
g7jMohodIzdry7Od4hvN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Settlement of borders",
"text": "The United States Constitution (Article IV, Section 3) does not permit Congress unilaterally to reduce the territory of any state, so the first part of the Compromise of 1850 had to take the form of an offer to the Texas State Legislature, rather than a unilateral enactment."
},
{
"section_header": "Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law",
"text": "One statute of the Compromise of 1850, enacted September 18, 1850, is informally known as the Fugitive Slave Law, or the Fugitive Slave Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Implications",
"text": "Furthermore, the Compromise of 1850 led to a breakdown in the spirit of compromise in the United States in the antebellum period, directly before the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Implications",
"text": "Passage of the Compromise of 1850, as it became known, caused celebration in Washington and elsewhere, with crowds shouting, \"the Union is saved!\" Fillmore himself described the Compromise of 1850 as a \"final settlement\" of sectional issues, though the future of slavery in New Mexico and Utah remained unclear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Issues",
"text": "Three major types of issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850: a variety of boundary issues, the status of territory issues, and the issue of slavery."
},
{
"section_header": "Passage | Debate and results",
"text": "Though some in Texas still favored sending a military expedition into New Mexico, in November 1850 the state legislature voted to accept the compromise."
},
{
"section_header": "Passage | Clay proposes compromise",
"text": "On January 29, 1850, Senator Henry Clay introduced a plan which combined the major subjects under discussion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "D.C. The issue of slavery in the territories would be re-opened by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, but many historians argue that the Compromise of 1850 played a major role in postponing the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Implications",
"text": "Not all accepted the Compromise of 1850; a South Carolina newspaper wrote, \"the Rubicon is passed ... and the Southern States are now vassals in this Confederacy.\" Many Northerners, meanwhile, were displeased by the fugitive slave law."
}
] |
The Compromise of 1850 dealt with 3 big problems.
| 0 | 0 |
Compromise of 1850
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClellan's refusal to pursue Lee's army led to his removal from command by President Abraham Lincoln in November."
}
] |
g7nBeCbQfI22eTiVFPiE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The results of Antietam also allowed President Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, which gave Confederate states until January 1, 1863, to return or else lose their slaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was a sufficiently significant victory to give Lincoln the confidence to announce his Emancipation Proclamation, which, by freeing more than 3.5 million slaves in the Confederate states, began the process of emancipation of all remaining persons considered, legally, as slaves within the United States, and in doing so, discouraged the British and French governments, which were heavily opposed to slavery, and had in fact abolished slavery in their respective nations prior to the American Civil War, from pursuing any potential plans to recognize the Confederacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClellan's refusal to pursue Lee's army led to his removal from command by President Abraham Lincoln in November."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Antietam (), also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the Southern United States, was a battle of the American Civil War, fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield preservation",
"text": "The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 316 acres of the Antietam Battlefield."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Part of the Maryland Campaign, it was the first field army–level engagement in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War to take place on Union soil."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "President Lincoln was disappointed in McClellan's performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "However, in a strategic sense, despite being a tactical draw, Antietam is considered a turning point of the war and a victory for the Union because it ended Lee's strategic campaign (his first invasion of Union territory)."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "American historian James M. McPherson summed up the importance of the Battle of Antietam in his book, Crossroads of Freedom: No other campaign and battle in the war had such momentous, multiple consequences as Antietam."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Antietam ranks fifth in terms of total casualties in Civil War battles, falling behind Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Chancellorsville, and Spotsylvania Court House."
}
] |
The Battle of Antietam was an American Civil War battle that gave President Abraham Lincoln the courage to proclaim his Emancipation Proclamation and he publicly thanked Union General McClellan for his victory.
| 1 | 4 |
Battle of Antietam
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mechanism",
"text": "The simplest descriptions of diffraction are those in which the situation can be reduced to a two-dimensional problem."
}
] |
g875xUnwkaDVvNLds2nr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Examples",
"text": "The most striking examples of diffraction are those that involve light; for example, the closely spaced tracks on a CD or DVD act as a diffraction grating to form the familiar rainbow pattern seen when looking at a disc."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanism",
"text": "Hence, diffraction patterns usually have a series of maxima and minima."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanism",
"text": "In the quantum approach the diffraction pattern is created by the distribution of paths, the observation of light and dark bands is the presence or absence of photons in these areas (no interference!)."
},
{
"section_header": "Patterns",
"text": "Several qualitative observations can be made of diffraction in general: The angular spacing of the features in the diffraction pattern is inversely proportional to the dimensions of the object causing the diffraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanism",
"text": "In the modern quantum mechanical understanding of light propagation through a slit (or slits) every photon has what is known as a wavefunction which describes its path from the emitter through the slit to the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Patterns",
"text": "The third figure, for example, shows a comparison of a double-slit pattern with a pattern formed by five slits, both sets of slits having the same spacing, between the center of one slit and the next."
},
{
"section_header": "Patterns",
"text": "In other words: The smaller the diffracting object, the 'wider' the resulting diffraction pattern, and vice versa. (More precisely, this is true of the sines of the angles.) The diffraction angles are invariant under scaling; that is, they depend only on the ratio of the wavelength to the size of the diffracting object."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Speckle patterns",
"text": "The speckle pattern which is seen when using a laser pointer is another diffraction phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanism",
"text": "There are various analytical models which allow the diffracted field to be calculated, including the Kirchhoff-Fresnel diffraction equation which is derived from the wave equation, the Fraunhofer diffraction approximation of the Kirchhoff equation which applies to the far field and the Fresnel diffraction approximation which applies to the near field."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanism",
"text": "The simplest descriptions of diffraction are those in which the situation can be reduced to a two-dimensional problem."
}
] |
The mechanism of diffraction is why the back side of DVDs has the rainbow pattern.
| 0 | 4 |
Diffraction
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Design",
"text": "McQuarrie stated that Lucas's artistic direction was to portray a malevolent figure in a cape with samurai armor. \" For Darth Vader, George just said he would like to have a very tall, dark fluttering figure that had a spooky feeling like it came in on the wind.\" McQuarrie noted that the script indicated that Vader would travel between spaceships and needed to survive in the vacuum of space, and he proposed that Vader should wear some sort of space suit."
}
] |
g8KOpDJR8MnBFUOYVsLI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "In the first draft of The Star Wars, tall, grim general \"Darth Vader\" was already close in line with his final depiction, and the protagonist Annikin Starkiller had a role similar to that of his son Luke 's as the 16-year-old son of a respected warrior."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "Clone Wars supervising director and Rebels co-creator"
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Other Star Wars films | Anthology films",
"text": "In the first anthology film Rogue One, Vader makes a cameo appearance in which he meets with Imperial weapons engineer Orson Krennic (Ben Mendelsohn), who asks him for an audience with the Emperor regarding the Death Star, which Krennic lost command of to Tarkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Video games",
"text": "Most recently, Vader makes a cameo appearance in the final mission of Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, after the main antagonist, the Second Sister, is defeated."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Design",
"text": "McQuarrie stated that Lucas's artistic direction was to portray a malevolent figure in a cape with samurai armor. \" For Darth Vader, George just said he would like to have a very tall, dark fluttering figure that had a spooky feeling like it came in on the wind.\" McQuarrie noted that the script indicated that Vader would travel between spaceships and needed to survive in the vacuum of space, and he proposed that Vader should wear some sort of space suit."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Rick Moranis plays \"Dark Helmet\" in the Star Wars parody Spaceballs (1987)."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "Author Michael Kaminski, in The Secret History of Star Wars, offers evidence that issues in Anakin's fall to the dark side prompted Lucas to make massive story changes, first revising the opening sequence of the third prequel, Revenge of the Sith (2005), to have Palpatine kidnapped and his apprentice, Count Dooku, killed by Anakin in cold blood as the first act in the latter's turn towards the dark side."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Name",
"text": "Then Lucas \"added lots of last names, Vaders and Wilsons and Smiths, and [he] just came up with the combination of Darth and Vader.\" After the release of The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Lucas said the name Vader was based upon the German/Dutch-language homophone vater or vader, meaning 'father', making the name representative of a \"Dark Father\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Design",
"text": "McQuarrie's 1975 production painting of Darth Vader engaged in a lightsaber duel with Deak Starkiller (a character prototype for Luke Skywalker) depicts Vader wearing black armor, a flowing cape and an elongated, skull-like mask and helmet."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Other",
"text": "Vader makes his first appearance on the planet Ralltiir, where he treats Princess Leia with suspicion."
}
] |
Star Wars' director wanted to make Dark Vader with a cape and resembling a Chinese warrior.
| 0 | 0 |
Darth Vader
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In the first week of July 2007, two large charity concerts were held at the new Wembley stadium, the Concert for Diana, a memorial concert to commemorate ten years since the death of Princess Diana and celebrating what would have been her 46th birthday, and Live Earth, a concert hosted at Wembley as part of the Live Earth Foundation, committed to combating climate change."
}
] |
g8XBRA1oKYe3WxuxiDWD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "The Olympics meant that no concerts took place at Wembley in summer 2012, with other big shows taking place elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In the first week of July 2007, two large charity concerts were held at the new Wembley stadium, the Concert for Diana, a memorial concert to commemorate ten years since the death of Princess Diana and celebrating what would have been her 46th birthday, and Live Earth, a concert hosted at Wembley as part of the Live Earth Foundation, committed to combating climate change."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Robbie Williams then performed four solo concerts at the stadium on 29 and 30 June, and on 2 and 5 July after previously performing with Take That at the stadium in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In summer 2013, there were seven big shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "The first concert at the new stadium was given by George Michael on 9 June 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Beyoncé performed 2 sold-out shows on her Formation Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Football",
"text": "The first game in front of spectators was between the Geoff Thomas Foundation Charity XI and the Wembley Sponsors Allstars on 17 March 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Besides football, Wembley can be configured to hold other events, particularly major concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Football",
"text": "The Geoff Thomas Foundation Charity XI won 2–0 (scorers Mark Bright and Simon Jordan)."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "On 1 and 2 June 2019, BTS became the first Korean artists to perform at Wembley, after selling out two dates for their Love Yourself: Speak Yourself tour."
}
] |
The new Wembley Stadium had 2 big charity concerts featured after it reopened.
| 2 | 3 |
Wembley Stadium
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez was born on May 3, 1890, in Key West, Florida, the oldest of four children born to Cuban immigrants Jose and Loretta Pompez."
}
] |
g8q214aZQrA0y1kBvrDw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He also helped organize the first Negro League World Series in 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Alex and his family struggled financially after his father willed his estate to the insurgency."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Alex Pompez owned the Cuban Stars of the Eastern Colored League between 1923 and 1928 and the New York Cubans of the Negro National League from 1935 to 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alejandro \"Alex\" Pompez (May 3, 1890 – March 14, 1974) was an American executive in Negro league baseball who owned the Cuban Stars (East) and New York Cubans franchises from 1916 to 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez was born on May 3, 1890, in Key West, Florida, the oldest of four children born to Cuban immigrants Jose and Loretta Pompez."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez scouted Latin America for the Giants, and they signed several players through Pompez, including Camilo Pascual, Tony Oliva and Orlando Cepeda."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez decided to return to the U.S. as a state witness in the investigation."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Several owners in the Negro National League, including Pompez, were numbers bankers."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1950, Pompez submitted a favorable scouting report to the Giants on Fidel Castro."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez died in 1974 and is buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City."
}
] |
Alex Pompez was the first child from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Alex Pompez
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick was born on a farm in Wawaka, Indiana, and went to high school in Rome City, Indiana."
}
] |
g8rAP9BHDSQNbAR5yKE2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ford Christopher Frick (December 19, 1894 – April 8, 1978) was an American sportswriter and baseball executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ford C. Frick Award recognizes outstanding MLB broadcasters."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick was born on a farm in Wawaka, Indiana, and went to high school in Rome City, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working as a teacher and as a sportswriter for the New York American, he served as public relations director of the National League (NL), then as the league's president from 1934 to 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner | The \"asterisk\"",
"text": "Frick indeed called for some \"distinctive mark\" next to it in the \"record books\" - the asterisk as a designation was immediately suggested by New York Daily News sportswriter Dick Young - but MLB actually had no direct control over any record books until many years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His son Fred attended Fordham Preparatory School with future baseball executive Buzzie Bavasi."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Upon his death, commissioner Bowie Kuhn said Frick \"brought the game integrity, dedication and a happy tranquility far removed from the turbulence of today."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the third Commissioner of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1951 to 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The recognition from the flood helped Frick get a position with the New York American in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick moonlighted for The Gazette, covering sports and news until he left to work for the War Department near the conclusion of World War I. When the war was over, Frick worked in Denver for the Rocky Mountain News."
}
] |
Ford Flick was an American sportswriter and MLB executive that was brought into this world in Wakanda, Indiana.
| 1 | 9 |
Ford Frick
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals."
}
] |
g9EH9SsbvlMI6edeKzGc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Meanwhile, manager Tony La Russa began his first season with the Cardinals in tandem with a new ownership group."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "After La Russa retired as manager of the Cardinals in 2011, Smith became active in the organization again, starting with his stint as a special instructor for the team's 2012 spring training camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "\"Smith missed the first month of the season with a hamstring injury, and continued to harbor ill feelings toward La Russa that had developed after spring training ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "In a closed-door meeting in mid-May, La Russa asked Smith if he would like to be traded."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Smith believed he had earned the position with his spring training performance, but La Russa disagreed, and awarded Clayton the majority of playing time in the platoon situation that developed, where Smith typically saw action every third game."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Upon retirement, Smith took over for Mel Allen as the host of the television series This Week in Baseball (TWIB) in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "After General Manager Walt Jocketty acquired shortstop Royce Clayton during the offseason, La Russa emphasized an open competition for the spot that would give the Cardinals the best chance to win."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Instead, Smith and his agent negotiated a compromise with Cardinals management, agreeing to a buyout of special provisions in his contract in conjunction with Smith announcing his retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1990–1995",
"text": "Joe Torre became Smith's new manager in 1990, but the team did not reach the postseason during Torre's nearly five-year tenure."
}
] |
Smith retired in 1997 after tension with his new manager, Tony La Russa developed.
| 2 | 3 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Emory Foxx (October 22, 1907 – July 21, 1967), nicknamed \"Double X\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Beast\", was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, and Philadelphia Phillies."
}
] |
g9FEQph8kOFvgF2MrdxZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "Foxx had a city baseball field named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "He compiled a 1–0 record and 1.59 ERA over 222⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "He took them to the playoffs where they lost in the first round 2 games to 1 against the Rockford Peaches."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "The Red Sox responded by naming Foxx hitting coach of their Triple-A affiliate, the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association, that season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foxx became the second player in MLB history to hit 500 career home runs, attaining that plateau at age 32 years and 336 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Beast\", was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, and Philadelphia Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Foxx was born in Sudlersville, Maryland, on October 22, 1907, to Dell and Mattie Foxx, who were farmers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball career",
"text": "Foxx did not return for the 1953 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Foxx had hoped to pitch or play third base, but since the team was short on catchers, Foxx moved behind the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "That year, Foxx appeared on the cover of Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Emory Foxx (October 22, 1907 – July 21, 1967), nicknamed \"Double X\" and"
}
] |
Foxx had 2 names that he was referred to in MLB.
| 0 | 2 |
Jimmie Foxx
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967."
}
] |
g9RDuBX5b3SvFcthyPTO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "He realised that the original Fleetwood Mac was being neglected by Warner Bros and that they would need to change their base of operation from England to America, to which the rest of the band agreed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac were formed in July 1967 in London, England, when Peter Green left the British blues band John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac was founded by guitarist Peter Green, drummer Mick Fleetwood, guitarist Jeremy Spencer and bassist John McVie completed the lineup for their self-titled debut album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1974: Transitional era",
"text": "\"I'd Rather Go Blind\" and was twice voted female artist of the year in England."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1987: Addition of Buckingham and Nicks, and mainstream success",
"text": "The pressure on Fleetwood Mac to release a successful follow-up album, combined with their new-found wealth, led to creative and personal tensions which were allegedly fuelled by high consumption of drugs and alcohol."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "The lawsuit that followed regarding who owned the rights to the name 'Fleetwood Mac' put the original Fleetwood Mac on hiatus for almost a year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "This was the first time Fleetwood Mac had only one guitarist."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2013: Unleashed tour and Extended Play",
"text": "Former guitarist and singer Bob Weston was found dead on 3 January 2012 at the age of 64."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "This did not end the legal battle but the band was able to record as Fleetwood Mac again."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac had \"temporarily disbanded\" in Nebraska and its members had gone their separate ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967."
}
] |
Fleetwood Mac was founded in England.
| 5 | 7 |
Fleetwood Mac
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 1992, the band has consisted of Joe Elliott (lead vocals), Rick Savage (bass, backing vocals), Rick Allen (drums, backing vocals), Phil Collen (guitars, backing vocals), and Vivian Campbell (guitars, backing vocals), which has been the band's longest running line-up."
}
] |
g9UawyVVcWx9WPr7hCos
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Adrenalize, Clark's death, and change in musical direction (1990–1999)",
"text": "The remaining band members decided to carry on and recorded the album as a four-piece, with Collen mimicking Clark's style on his intended guitar parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Side projects",
"text": "Various members of Def Leppard have played on tribute records for Jeff Beck, AC/DC, and Alice Cooper."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hysteria era (1984–1989)",
"text": "The other members of the band supported Allen's recovery and never sought a replacement."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "Def Leppard were among the most successful of the new wave of British heavy metal bands in the early 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Side projects",
"text": "The video featured members of bands such as Poison, Bon Jovi, Mötley Crüe, Guns N'"
},
{
"section_header": "Side projects",
"text": "Down 'n' Outz with members of The Quireboys."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1977–1979)",
"text": "In November, just prior to recording sessions for what would be a three-song release known as The Def Leppard E.P., Kenning abruptly left the band; he would later form the band Cairo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Def Leppard are an English rock band formed in 1977 in Sheffield and are considered part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008–2009)",
"text": "Taylor Swift said of the performance, \"Performing with Def Leppard was awesome!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent events and self-titled album (2010–present)",
"text": "He continued performing with Def Leppard, and no shows were cancelled or rescheduled."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 1992, the band has consisted of Joe Elliott (lead vocals), Rick Savage (bass, backing vocals), Rick Allen (drums, backing vocals), Phil Collen (guitars, backing vocals), and Vivian Campbell (guitars, backing vocals), which has been the band's longest running line-up."
}
] |
The band Def Leppard had four members.
| 0 | 0 |
Def Leppard
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "If the experiment with vernacular language was not enough of a departure from the norm, the focus on simple, uneducated country people as the subject of poetry was a signal shift to modern literature."
}
] |
g9vrgjLbGqIV0hgatLjN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "They were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purpose of poetic pleasure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Even the title of the collection recalls rustic forms of art – the word \"lyrical\" links the poems with the ancient rustic bards and lends an air of spontaneity, while \"ballads\" are an oral mode of storytelling used by the common people."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "One of the main themes of \"Lyrical Ballads\" is the return to the original state of nature, in which people led a purer and more innocent existence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most of the poems in the 1798 edition were written by Wordsworth, with Coleridge contributing only four poems to the collection (although these made about a third of the book in length), including one of his most famous works, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "Poems marked \"(Coleridge)\" were written by Coleridge; all the other poems were written by Wordsworth."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "In the 1798 edition the poems later printed as \"Lines Written When Sailing in a Boat at Evening\" and \"Lines Written Near Richmond, Upon the Thames\" form a single poem, \"Lines Written Near Richmond, Upon the Thames, at Evening\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Wordsworth and Coleridge set out to overturn what they considered the priggish, learned, and highly sculpted forms of 18th-century English poetry and to make poetry accessible to the average person via verse written in common, everyday language."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "In the first edition (1798) there were nineteen poems written by Wordsworth and four poems by Coleridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "This language also helps assert the universality of human emotions."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "If the experiment with vernacular language was not enough of a departure from the norm, the focus on simple, uneducated country people as the subject of poetry was a signal shift to modern literature."
}
] |
The poem collection Lyrical Ballads were written in flowery upper class language.
| 0 | 0 |
Lyrical Ballads
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy transitioning from being based on agriculture to being based more on services and manufacturing."
}
] |
gA6gdJ5LFRMPDr9e0dcG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Its unit of currency is the Philippine peso (₱ or PHP).A newly industrialized country, the Philippine economy has been transitioning from one based upon agriculture to an economy with more emphasis upon services and manufacturing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy transitioning from being based on agriculture to being based more on services and manufacturing."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Of the country's 2018 labor force of around 43.46 million, the agricultural sector employed 24.3%, and accounted for 8.1% of 2018 GDP."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Despite constraints, service industries such as tourism and business process outsourcing have been identified as areas with some of the best opportunities for growth for the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Philippine economy is produced an estimated gross domestic product (nominal) of $356.8 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The daily income for 45% of the population of the Philippines remains less than $2.Remittances from overseas Filipinos contribute significantly to the Philippine economy, surpassing foreign direct investment as a source of foreign currency."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The industrial sector employed around 19% of the workforce and accounted for 34.1% of GDP, while 57% of the workers involved in the services sector were responsible for 57.8% of GDP.The unemployment rate as of 14 December 2014, stands at 6.0%."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "The civil airline industry is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry is composed of eight sub-sectors, namely, knowledge process outsourcing and back offices, animation, call centers, software development, game development, engineering design, and medical transcription."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "Text messaging is a popular form of communication and, in 2007, the nation sent an average of one billion SMS messages per day."
}
] |
Philippines is not industrialized and most of its economy does rely on agriculture.
| 0 | 4 |
Philippines
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane 'Sale of Louisiana') was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803."
}
] |
gA84z5METOFqjPF9W4oH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Domestic opposition and constitutionality",
"text": "When Spain later objected to the United States purchasing Louisiana from France, Madison responded that America had first approached Spain about purchasing the property, but had been told by Spain itself that America would have to treat with France for the territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Boundaries",
"text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In hindsight, the Louisiana Purchase could be considered one of his greatest contributions to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane 'Sale of Louisiana') was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louisiana Purchase extended United States sovereignty across the Mississippi River, nearly doubling the nominal size of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Boundaries",
"text": "The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiation",
"text": "Part of his evolving strategy involved giving du Pont some information that was withheld from Livingston."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiation",
"text": "Otherwise, Louisiana would be an easy prey for the UK or even for the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic opposition and constitutionality",
"text": "The Federalists strongly opposed the purchase, favoring close relations with Britain over closer ties to Napoleon, and were concerned that the United States had paid a large sum of money just to declare war on Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, the purchase doubled the size of the United States."
}
] |
The Louisiana Purchase involved Spain and the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Louisiana Purchase
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "ˈhɪndn̩bʊɐ̯k] (listen); 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934), was a German general and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany from 1925 until his death during the Weimar Republic."
}
] |
gAJfXggduwNLKMNeVW6R
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second presidency",
"text": "In the runoff the following month Hindenburg won with 53 percent of the vote."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I | 1917 | The great withdrawal and defending the Western Front",
"text": "The new Hindenburg line ran across its base."
},
{
"section_header": "Second presidency",
"text": "Hitler campaigned vigorously throughout Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hindenburg retired again in 1919, but returned to public life in 1925 to be elected the second President of Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I | 1918 | Opting for a decision in the west",
"text": "All Hindenburg required was that these fronts stand firm while the Germans won in the west, where now they outnumbered their opponents."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler becomes chancellor",
"text": "When a new commander of the army was to be appointed the president's choice won out over the chancellor's, but Hindenburg accepted a change in the military oath that eliminated obedience to the president and placed the swastika on military uniforms."
},
{
"section_header": "Second presidency",
"text": "Brüning proposed to the Reichstag that in light of the still-escalating economic disaster—now some of the largest banks had failed—the election should be postponed for two years, which would have required a two-thirds assent, to which the Nazis would never agree."
},
{
"section_header": "Second presidency",
"text": "the Deutsche Volkspartei (DVP) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), which regarded him as the only hope of defeating Hitler."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I | Military reputation",
"text": "Ludendorff continued touting his preeminence in print, which, typically, Hindenburg never disputed publicly."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Personality traits",
"text": "According to Kaiser Wilhelm II, \"Hindenburg never said more than half of what he really thought\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "ˈhɪndn̩bʊɐ̯k] (listen); 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934), was a German general and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany from 1925 until his death during the Weimar Republic."
}
] |
Hindenburg ran for president in Germany but never won.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul von Hindenburg
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electric fields are created by electric charges, or by time-varying magnetic fields."
}
] |
gAraEll1vGlwASwgr5Ug
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An electric field (sometimes E-field) surrounds an electric charge, and exerts force on other charges in the field, attracting or repelling them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electric fields are created by electric charges, or by time-varying magnetic fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrostatic fields | Uniform fields",
"text": "The negative sign arises as positive charges repel, so a positive charge will experience a force away from the positively charged plate, in the opposite direction to that in which the voltage increases."
},
{
"section_header": "Definition",
"text": "When the charges have unlike signs the force is negative, indicating the particles attract."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electric fields and magnetic fields are both manifestations of the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces (or interactions) of nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Definition",
"text": "x 1 {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {x}}_{1}} exerts a force on a particle with charge"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "that cause chemical bonding. The electric field is defined mathematically as a vector field that associates to each point in space the (electrostatic or Coulomb) force per unit of charge exerted on an infinitesimal positive test charge at rest at that point."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy in the electric field",
"text": "\\displaystyle \\mu } its magnetic permeability, and E and B are the electric and magnetic field vectors."
},
{
"section_header": "Superposition principle",
"text": "This principle is useful to calculate the field created by multiple point charges."
},
{
"section_header": "Electrodynamic fields",
"text": "Electrodynamic fields are electric fields which do change with time, for instance when charges are in motion."
}
] |
An electric field surrounds an electric charge, and exerts force on other charges in the field, attracting or repelling them and are created by magnetic charges or isotopes.
| 0 | 0 |
Electric field
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "Booth aspired to follow in the footsteps of his father and his actor brothers Edwin and Junius Brutus,"
}
] |
gAuVmGWGKk7lvA5aaDmN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reaction and pursuit",
"text": "Newspapers called him an \"accursed devil,\" \"monster,\" \"madman,\" and a \"wretched fiend.\" Historian Dorothy Kunhardt writes: \"Almost every family who kept a photograph album on the parlor table owned a likeness of John Wilkes Booth of the famous Booth family of actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years",
"text": "The legislature seems to have wanted to remain in the Union while also wanting to avoid involvement in a war against Southern neighbors."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Film",
"text": "John Wilkes Booth is played by John Derek in the film Prince of Players (1955), a biography of Edwin Booth (played by Richard Burton)."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical career | 1850s",
"text": "At his request, he was billed as \"J.B. Wilkes\", a pseudonym meant to avoid comparison with other members of his famous thespian family."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination of Lincoln",
"text": "He told Louis J. Weichmann, a friend of John Surratt and a boarder at Mary Surratt's house, that he was done with the stage and that the only play he wanted to present henceforth was Venice Preserv'd."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "He was named after English radical politician John Wilkes, a distant relative."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "Booth dies unrepentant. In the TV series Bones, Seeley Booth is said to be a descendant of John Wilkes Booth, according to Brennan, to his facial construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical career | 1860s",
"text": "Family friend John T. Ford opened 1,500-seat Ford's Theatre on November 9 in Washington,"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "She says it is \"obvious.\" \"John Wilkes Booth\" is a song written by Mary Chapin Carpenter, commissioned and notably interpreted by Tony Rice."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Video games",
"text": "In the 2013 video game BioShock Infinite, John Wilkes Booth is viewed as a hero in the fictional airborne city of Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "Booth aspired to follow in the footsteps of his father and his actor brothers Edwin and Junius Brutus,"
}
] |
John Wilkes Booth wanted to work in the coal mines, just like his family.
| 3 | 3 |
John Wilkes Booth
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Marquard quit school after the fifth grade; biographer Larry Mansch writes that he \"simply refused to attend any longer."
}
] |
gB0v2iWVry3pQ3LIosKa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rube Marquard was born in Cleveland, Ohio to German immigrant Fred Marquard and Lena Heiser Marquard."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Marquard quit school after the fifth grade; biographer Larry Mansch writes that he \"simply refused to attend any longer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Newspaper reports first mentioned Marquard in 1905 when he played with an amateur team in Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "As he told it in The Glory of Their Times, a writer in his minor league days compared him favorably with Rube Waddell, and very soon Marquard was being called \"Rube\" also."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard William \"Rube\" Marquard (October 9, 1886 – June 1, 1980) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball in the 1910s and early 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His 1,593 strikeouts ranked third in major league history among left-handers at the time (behind Rube Waddell and Eddie Plank), and stood as the National League record for southpaws until his total was surpassed by Carl Hubbell, another New York Giant, in 1942."
}
] |
Rube attended Cleveland State University.
| 3 | 3 |
Rube Marquard
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name and orthography",
"text": "The Maya name \"Chichen Itza\" means \"At the mouth of the well of the Itza.\" This derives from chi', meaning \"mouth\" or \"edge,\" and chʼen or chʼeʼen, meaning \"well."
}
] |
gB3Y5ehwo5fzZdGgPSPX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | El Castillo (the Temple of Kukulcan)",
"text": "Dominating the North Platform of Chichen Itza is the Temple of Kukulkan (a Maya feathered serpent deity similar to the Aztec Quetzalcoatl)."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "There are four visible, natural sink holes, called cenotes, that could have provided plentiful water year round at Chichen, making it attractive for settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description",
"text": "The buildings were connected by a dense network of paved causeways, called sacbeob."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Temple of the Warriors",
"text": "This temple encases or entombs a former structure called The Temple of the Chac Mool."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Sacred Cenote",
"text": "The region is pockmarked with natural sinkholes, called cenotes, which expose the water table to the surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Temple of the Warriors",
"text": "The one at Chichen Itza, however, was constructed on a larger scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Tourism has been a factor at Chichen Itza for more than a century."
},
{
"section_header": "Political organization",
"text": "This theory was popular in the 1990s, but in recent years, the research that supported the concept of the \"multepal\" system has been called into question, if not discredited."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Central Group",
"text": "Las Monjas is one of the more notable structures at Chichen Itza."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and orthography",
"text": "The Maya name \"Chichen Itza\" means \"At the mouth of the well of the Itza.\" This derives from chi', meaning \"mouth\" or \"edge,\" and chʼen or chʼeʼen, meaning \"well."
}
] |
Chichen Itza is called the "mouth of the Sun" by the Aztecs.
| 4 | 7 |
Chichen Itza
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire."
}
] |
gB77clfOqwr6G2wEjOBk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is notable for its long association with the English and later British royal family and for its architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Meanwhile, during the First World War, anti-German feeling led the members of the Royal Family to change their dynastic name from the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; George decided to take the new name from the castle, and the Royal Family became the House of Windsor in 1917.Edward VIII did not spend much of his reign at Windsor Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 18th century",
"text": "Instead, George had to move into the Upper Lodge, later called the Queen's Lodge, and started the long process of renovating the castle and the surrounding parks."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Lower Ward",
"text": "The Lower Ward holds St George's Chapel and most of the buildings associated with the Order of the Garter."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1992 fire",
"text": "Traditionally, as the property of the Crown, Windsor Castle was maintained, and if necessary repaired, by the British government in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 18th century",
"text": "Initially the atmosphere at the castle remained very informal, with local children playing games inside the Upper and Lower Wards, and the royal family frequently seen as they walked around the grounds."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "During the Queen's tenure much has been done, not only to restore and maintain the fabric of the building, but also to transform it into a major British tourist attraction, containing a significant portion of the Royal Collection of art, which is managed from Windsor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Edward's reign was short-lived and he broadcast his abdication speech to the British Empire from the castle in December 1936, adopting the title of Duke of Windsor."
}
] |
Windsor Castle is notable for its long association with the English and later British royal family and for its architecture in the county of Berkshire.
| 0 | 0 |
Windsor Castle
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This reduced the various dukes, who had previously been co-equals with the king, to royal subjects under his authority."
}
] |
gBDZeF2QMdWSMsvMQ0aM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto transformed the Roman Catholic Church in Germany to strengthen royal authority and subjected its clergy to his personal control."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto II succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until death"
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion into Italy | First Italian Expedition",
"text": "Liudolf may have tried to help Adelaide, a distant relative of Liudolf's wife Ida, or he intended to strengthen his position within the royal family."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Consolidation of power",
"text": "Through the subordination of the dukes under his authority, Otto asserted his power to make decisions without their prior agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the example of Charlemagne's coronation as \"Emperor of the Romans\" in 800, Otto was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 by Pope John XII in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Second Italian Expedition and imperial coronation",
"text": "With Otto's coronation as emperor, the Kingdom of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy were unified into a common realm, later called the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations with the Catholic Church",
"text": "Because Otto personally appointed all bishops and abbots, these reforms strengthened his central authority, and the upper ranks of the German Church functioned in some respect as an arm of the royal bureaucracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Consolidation of power",
"text": "Through his familial ties to the dukes, Otto had strengthened the sovereignty of the crown and the overall cohesiveness of the kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Consolidation of power",
"text": "His mother Matilda disapproved of this policy and was accused by Otto's royal advisers of undermining his authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This reduced the various dukes, who had previously been co-equals with the king, to royal subjects under his authority."
}
] |
Former Holy Roman Emperor Otto I strengthened royal authority and brought down the relative power of dukes.
| 0 | 0 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Chang'an, the Tang capital",
"text": "Several laws enforcing segregation of foreigners from Chinese were passed during the Tang dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, in the 840s the Emperor Wuzong of Tang enacted policies to persecute Buddhism, which subsequently declined in influence."
}
] |
gByrkTxo5K5c5lMAtMRx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Religion and philosophy",
"text": "The prominent status of Buddhism in Chinese culture began to decline as the dynasty and central government declined as well during the late 8th century to 9th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, in the 840s the Emperor Wuzong of Tang enacted policies to persecute Buddhism, which subsequently declined in influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Status in clothing",
"text": "The common people and all those who did not reside in the palace were allowed to wear yellow colored clothes.\" During this period, China's power, culture, economy, and influence were thriving."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Buddhism became a major influence in Chinese culture, with native Chinese sects gaining prominence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Tang dynasty was largely a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule, until the devastating An Lushan Rebellion (755–763) and the decline of central authority in the later half of the dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | End of the dynasty",
"text": "In 907 the Tang dynasty was ended when Zhu deposed Ai and took the throne for himself (known posthumously as Emperor Taizu of Later Liang)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Religion and philosophy",
"text": "Buddhism, originating in India around the time of Confucius, continued its influence during the Tang period and was accepted by some members of imperial family, becoming thoroughly sinicized and a permanent part of Chinese traditional culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Religion and philosophy",
"text": "The sect of Pure Land Buddhism initiated by the Chinese monk Huiyuan (334–416) was also just as popular as Chan Buddhism during the Tang."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Literature",
"text": "The Tang dynasty Chinese diplomat Wang Xuance traveled to Magadha (modern northeastern India) during the 7th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Besides political hegemony, the Tang also exerted a powerful cultural influence over neighboring East Asian states such as those in Japan and Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Chang'an, the Tang capital",
"text": "Several laws enforcing segregation of foreigners from Chinese were passed during the Tang dynasty."
}
] |
Toward the ninth century and the dynasty's decline, legislation took place during the Tang Dynasty to keep the Chinese population from outside influence, and the emperor allowed the oppression of those who practiced Buddhism.
| 0 | 0 |
Tang Dynasty
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story is beautiful written, describing the psyche of a man, who is about to be hanged."
}
] |
gCHgPa2Na3YgRUGe9whh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It is a somber outlaw ballad that was inspired by the story \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" (1890) is a short story by the American writer and Civil War veteran Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 1936, the radio series The Columbia Workshop broadcast an adaptation of \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "Among more recent works, David Lynch's later films have been compared to \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\", although they also have been interpreted as the Möbius strip storylines."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "\"Dyin' Ain't Much Of A Livin',\" the Owl Creek Bridge story is featured."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Author Kurt Vonnegut wrote in 2005: \"I consider anybody a twerp who hasn't read the greatest American short story, which is '[An] Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,' by Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "The 2011 Grouplove music video \"Colours\" also retells the Owl Creek Bridge story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "In 2006, the DVD Ambrose Bierce: Civil War Stories was released, which contains adaptations of three of Ambrose Bierce's short stories, among them \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" directed by Brian James Egan."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In an interview with Trevor Groth, Wyatt said \"The structure of the film's plot was inspired by a well known short story written in the 19th century by Ambrose Bierce called 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge'."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In one scene, one of the main characters briefly tells his fellow soldiers about \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\", implying that they may be going trough a similar situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story is beautiful written, describing the psyche of a man, who is about to be hanged."
}
] |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is a story that is about a child being murdered.
| 1 | 2 |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture."
}
] |
gCM4KDf6ZuzB5mAhSHh5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Interior decoration",
"text": "The pen box and writing tablet are traditional Mughal funerary icons decorating the caskets of men and women respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "As the surface area changes, the decorations are refined proportionally."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "Throughout the complex are passages from the Qur'an that comprise some of the decorative elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "The decorative elements were created by applying paint, stucco, stone inlays or carvings."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "The Taj Mahal incorporates and expands on design traditions of Persian and earlier Mughal architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "The dado frames and archway spandrels have been decorated with pietra dura inlays of highly stylised, almost geometric vines, flowers and fruits."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "In line with the Islamic prohibition against the use of anthropomorphic forms, the decorative elements can be grouped into either calligraphy, abstract forms or vegetative motifs."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Interior decoration",
"text": "Each chamber wall is highly decorated with dado bas-relief, intricate lapidary inlay and refined calligraphy panels which reflect, in little detail, the design elements seen throughout the exterior of the complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "Like most Mughal tombs, the basic elements are Persian in origin."
}
] |
The exterior decorations are among the most impressive in Mughal architecture.
| 1 | 5 |
Taj Mahal
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also helped advance the reputation of American writers with an international audience."
}
] |
gCSlEEj0ocQELOCzcufs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., commonly referred to as The Sketch Book, is a collection of 34 essays and short stories written by the American author Washington Irving."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Public and critical response",
"text": "betray the author in every page; even without the aid of those minor peculiarities of style, taste, and local allusions, which at once identify the travelled Geoffrey Crayon with the venerable Knickerbocker."
},
{
"section_header": "Public and critical response",
"text": "Let us hope it will give way before my mother's custards and this charming Geoffrey Crayon.\" Let us hope it will give way before my mother's custards and this charming Geoffrey Crayon.\" Maggie took up the Sketch Book, which lay by her on the table. (Book 6, Chapter 2) The Sketch Book cemented Irving’s reputation, and propelled him to a level of celebrity previously unseen for an American writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also helped advance the reputation of American writers with an international audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "the comical (\"The Mutability of Literature\"), but the common thread running through The Sketch Book – and a key part of its attraction to readers – is the personality of Irving's pseudonymous narrator, Geoffrey Crayon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also marks Irving's first use of the pseudonym Geoffrey Crayon, which he would continue to employ throughout his literary career."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents",
"text": "Two more essays, \"A Sunday in London\" and \"London Antiques\", were added by Irving in 1848 for inclusion in the Author's Revised Edition of The Sketch Book for publisher George Putnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": ", Crayon holds The Sketch Book together through the sheer power of his personality – and Irving would, for the rest of his life, seamlessly enmesh Crayon's persona with his own public reputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": ": uses authors parameter (link) Jones, Brian Jay (2008)."
}
] |
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon did help American authors to get more recognition.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau entered a period of decline in the 1640s following a series of catastrophic events for the burgeoning colony: Portuguese access to trade routes was irreparably severed when Japan halted trade in 1639, Portugal revolted against Spain in 1640, and Malacca fell to the Dutch in 1641.Maritime trade with China was banned in 1644 following the Qing conquest under the Haijin policies and limited only to Macau on a lesser scale while the new dynasty focused on eliminating surviving Ming loyalists."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Dutch attempted to take the city in the 1622 Battle of Macau, but were repelled successfully by the Portuguese."
}
] |
gCY6QcTm4SDLei6UxQfj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Sociopolitical issues and human rights",
"text": "Macau and foreign women and girls are forced into prostitution in brothels, homes, and businesses in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau entered a period of decline in the 1640s following a series of catastrophic events for the burgeoning colony: Portuguese access to trade routes was irreparably severed when Japan halted trade in 1639, Portugal revolted against Spain in 1640, and Malacca fell to the Dutch in 1641.Maritime trade with China was banned in 1644 following the Qing conquest under the Haijin policies and limited only to Macau on a lesser scale while the new dynasty focused on eliminating surviving Ming loyalists."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Despite the trade ban, Portuguese merchants continued to attempt settling on other parts of the Pearl River estuary, finally settling on Macau."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macau was formerly a colony of the Portuguese Empire, after Ming China leased the territory as a trading post in 1557."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Dutch attempted to take the city in the 1622 Battle of Macau, but were repelled successfully by the Portuguese."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Although the Portuguese were initially prohibited from fortifying Macau or stockpiling weapons, the Fortaleza do Monte was constructed in response to frequent Dutch naval incursions."
},
{
"section_header": "Lusophonia",
"text": "Macau is the last Portuguese colony to gain independence and the only one which is not a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The colony remained under Portuguese rule until 1999, when it was transferred to China."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "when the Treaty of Peking was renegotiated in 1928.During the Second World War, the Empire of Japan did not occupy the colony and generally respected Portuguese neutrality in Macau."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "A large portion of the population are Portuguese citizens, a legacy of colonial rule; at the time of the transfer of sovereignty in 1999, 107,000 residents held Portuguese passports."
}
] |
The Dutch took the colony of Macau after fighting the Portuguese because women were compelled into prostitution when Maritime trade was banned.
| 0 | 0 |
Macau
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming | Etymology",
"text": "The word rotifer is derived from a Neo-Latin word meaning \"wheel-bearer\", due to the corona around the mouth that in concerted sequential motion resembles a wheel (though the organ does not actually rotate)."
}
] |
gDNN8Bpfq2kHvhz9a0SG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The Rotifera, strictly speaking, are confined to the Bdelloidea and the Monogononta."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Rotifera, Acanthocephala and Seisonida make up a clade called Syndermata."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The coronal cilia create a current that sweeps food into the mouth."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "One treatment places them in the phylum Rotifera, with three classes: Seisonidea, Bdelloidea and Monogononta."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In genera such as Collotheca, the corona is modified to form a funnel surrounding the mouth."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The mouth opens into a characteristic chewing pharynx (called the mastax), sometimes via a ciliated tube, and sometimes directly."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In the more primitive species, this forms a simple ring of cilia around the mouth from which an additional band of cilia stretches over the back of the head."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In many species, such as those in the genus Testudinella, the cilia around the mouth have disappeared, leaving just two small circular bands on the head."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "Up to seven salivary glands are present in some species, emptying to the mouth in front of the oesophagus, while the stomach is associated with two gastric glands that produce digestive enzymes."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming | Etymology",
"text": "The word rotifer is derived from a Neo-Latin word meaning \"wheel-bearer\", due to the corona around the mouth that in concerted sequential motion resembles a wheel (though the organ does not actually rotate)."
}
] |
Rotifera were christened after their round mouths specific rotary movement.
| 0 | 0 |
Rotifera
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "holds the record for the lowest strikeout rate in major league history, striking out on average only once every 73 plate appearances, and the most consecutive games without a strikeout, at 115."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also holds the record for consecutive games without recording a strikeout, at 115."
}
] |
gDgRAFNgSutdvRV8pMBu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977.Sewell"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His 1977 induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame was by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Sewell-Thomas Stadium, the baseball stadium at the University of Alabama, is named in his honor and is nicknamed by Crimson Tide fans as \"The Joe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell was a member of Pi Kappa Phi fraternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell graduated from Wetumpka High School in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell also had 3 strikeouts in 1930, albeit in just 353 at-bats (as opposed to 503 in his record-setting year), as well as three other full seasons (1925, 1929, 1933) with 4 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time. (He joined the Indians' roster after September 1 in 1920 and normally would not have been eligible to participate in post-season play, but Wilbert Robinson, manager of the Brooklyn Robins, waived the rule because of the circumstances with Chapman.) Two of his brothers, Luke Sewell and Tommy Sewell, also played major league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "holds the record for the lowest strikeout rate in major league history, striking out on average only once every 73 plate appearances, and the most consecutive games without a strikeout, at 115."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also holds the record for consecutive games without recording a strikeout, at 115."
}
] |
Joe Sewell is in the Baseball Hall of Fame because he was a great infielder but he did strikeout a lot.
| 1 | 2 |
Joe Sewell
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "While promoting the film The Good Shepherd in December 2006, De Niro appeared on the show Hardball with Chris Matthews, where he voiced support for two Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "\"De Niro endorsed Democrat Pete Buttigieg in the 2020 U.S presidential election, and switched to endorsing Joe Biden after Buttigieg dropped out of the race."
}
] |
gDlRKnT3XmSbW9AZj27Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2016: Further film roles",
"text": "In 2014, De Niro appeared in a documentary about his father, Robert De Niro, Sr., titled Remembering the Artist: Robert De Niro, Sr. which aired on HBO."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. in the Manhattan borough of New York City was born on August 17, 1943, the only child of painters Virginia Admiral and Robert De Niro Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present",
"text": "In 2019, De Niro won acclaim for portraying Robert Mueller alongside Alec Baldwin's Donald Trump in various episodes of"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "Less intensive than his previous film, De Niro played a priest who clashes with his brother (Robert Duvall), a detective investigating the murder of a prostitute."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (, Italian: [de ˈniːro]; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director who holds both American and Italian citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In February 2017, De Niro took part in a joint presentation with Robert F. Kennedy Jr., chairman of the anti-vaccine non-profit Children's Health Defense, to discuss their concerns with vaccine safety."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition and legacy",
"text": "\" In 2009, he was announced as one of the Kennedy Center Honorees with the commemoration: \"One of America's greatest cinematic actors, Robert De Niro has demonstrated a legendary commitment to his characters and has co-founded one of the world's major film festivals\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "De Niro also adopted Abbott's daughter Drena De Niro from a previous relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1974–1980: Scorsese collaboration and acclaim",
"text": "De Niro had two other film releases in 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1997: Directorial debut and crime dramas",
"text": "In 1992, De Niro appeared in two films."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "While promoting the film The Good Shepherd in December 2006, De Niro appeared on the show Hardball with Chris Matthews, where he voiced support for two Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "\"De Niro endorsed Democrat Pete Buttigieg in the 2020 U.S presidential election, and switched to endorsing Joe Biden after Buttigieg dropped out of the race."
}
] |
Robert De Niro is a Republican.
| 0 | 0 |
Robert De Niro
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Touring guitarist Jason White became a full-time member in 2012, but returned to his role as a touring member in 2016."
}
] |
gEejtmdKimBHqhH5m1BJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Revolution Radio, new greatest hits compilation (2015–2017)",
"text": "Gwilym Mumford of The Guardian stated \"[after their last few albums] the band have decided to get back to basics: Revolution Radio is their most focused work in years."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "Armstrong then gave the finger, and declared that Green Day would be back before throwing his microphone down and walking off the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Green Day is an American rock band formed in the East Bay of California in 1987 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist and backing vocalist Mike Dirnt."
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "backing vocals ( 1990–present)Former members Raj Punjabi – drums, backing vocals (1987) Sean Hughes – bass, backing vocals (1987–1988) John Kiffmeyer – drums, backing vocals (1987–1990; one-off guest appearance in 2015) Jason White – guitars, backing vocals (2012-2016)Current touring members Jason Freese – piano, keyboards, saxophone, trombone,"
},
{
"section_header": "Band members",
"text": "backing vocals (2004–present) Jason White – guitars, backing vocals (1997–2012, 2016–present; official member 2012–2016) Kevin Preston – guitars (2019–present)Former touring members"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Revolution Radio, new greatest hits compilation (2015–2017)",
"text": "On August 11, 2016, Green Day released the first single, \"Bang Bang\", from the group's album Revolution Radio, which was released on October 7, 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)",
"text": "American Idiot (2004), debuted at number one on the Billboard charts, the band's first album to reach number one, backed by the success of the album's first single, \"American Idiot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)",
"text": "Released two months before U.S. President George W. Bush was reelected, the album became protest art."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influences",
"text": "\" The Dickies is another band Green Day has been compared to."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st Century Breakdown and American Idiot's stage adaptation (2007–2010)",
"text": "During the Spike TV Video Game Awards 2009, it was announced that Green Day was set to have its own Rock Band video game titled Green Day: Rock Band,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Touring guitarist Jason White became a full-time member in 2012, but returned to his role as a touring member in 2016."
}
] |
Green Day has had a single band breakup but they got back together within a few months.
| 0 | 0 |
Green Day
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "McClintock died of natural causes in Huntington, New York, on September 2, 1992 at the age of 90; she never married or had children."
}
] |
gF48t5zxDZUAoju7Q57C
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was a young girl, her parents determined that Eleanor, a \"feminine\" and \"delicate\" name, was not appropriate for her, and chose Barbara instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "An anthology of her 43 publications The Discovery and Characterization of Transposable Elements: The Collected Papers of Barbara McClintock was published in 1987.The McClintock Prize is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Marjorie, the oldest child, was born in October 1898; Mignon, the second daughter, was born in November 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Laureates of the award include David Baulcombe, Detlef Weigel, Robert A. Martienssen, Jeffrey D. Palmer and Susan R. Wessler."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Cold Spring Harbor named a building in her honor in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A street has been named after her in the new \"Adlershof Development Society\" science park in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The youngest, Malcolm Rider (called Tom), was born 18 months after Barbara."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A small building at Cornell University and a laboratory building at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory were named for her."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "She identified two new dominant and interacting genetic loci that she named Dissociation (Ds) and Activator (Ac)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "McClintock died of natural causes in Huntington, New York, on September 2, 1992 at the age of 90; she never married or had children."
}
] |
Barbara McClintlock had a daughter named Susan.
| 3 | 4 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The innovative rhyme scheme, the natural tone and diction, and the economical transparency of presentation all demonstrate the virtuosity which has been instrumental in proclaiming Pushkin as the undisputed master of Russian poetry."
}
] |
gF7R7YWSBH2sjjXR2NQF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "The following dates mostly come from Nabokov's study of the photographs of Pushkin's drafts that were available at the time, as well as other people's work on the subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "In January 1824, Pushkin stopped work on Onegin to work on The Gypsies."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "People are often shaped by art, and the work is packed with allusions to other major literary works."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Onegin is its bearer in this work."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Now she is married to an aged prince (a general)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Pushkin, in the final chapter, fuses his Muse and Tatyana's new 'form' in society after a lengthy description of how she has guided him in his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Arndt and Nabokov",
"text": "The Introduction discusses the structure of the novel, the Onegin stanza in which it is written, and Pushkin's opinion of Onegin (using Pushkin's letters to his friends); it likewise gives a detailed account of both the time over which Pushkin wrote Onegin and of the various forms in which the various parts of it appeared in publication before Pushkin's death (after which there is a huge proliferation of the number of different editions)."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | Catalan",
"text": "Arnau Barios has translated the work preserving Pushkin's original stanzas and rhymes; it is published in Barcelona, Spain by Proa in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Afterwards, he quits his country estate, traveling abroad to deaden his feelings of remorse."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "Hofstadter's translation employs a unique lexicon of both high and low register words, as well as unexpected and almost reaching rhymes that give the work a comedic flair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The innovative rhyme scheme, the natural tone and diction, and the economical transparency of presentation all demonstrate the virtuosity which has been instrumental in proclaiming Pushkin as the undisputed master of Russian poetry."
}
] |
The work of this novel is quite uninspired and only got a following after the death of the author when his work is now used as satire.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugene Onegin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story takes place in 17th-century Puritan New England, a common setting for Hawthorne's works, and addresses the Calvinist/Puritan belief that all of humanity exists in a state of depravity, but that God has destined some to unconditional election through unmerited grace."
}
] |
gFQAISDFl1CEBh0g0HIL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In his writings Hawthorne questioned established thought—most specifically New England Puritanism and contemporary Transcendentalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story takes place in 17th-century Puritan New England, a common setting for Hawthorne's works, and addresses the Calvinist/Puritan belief that all of humanity exists in a state of depravity, but that God has destined some to unconditional election through unmerited grace."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In \"Young Goodman Brown\", as with much of his other writing, he utilizes ambiguity."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is often characterized as an allegory about the recognition of evil and depravity as the nature of humanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "Herman Melville said \"Young Goodman Brown\" was \"as deep as Dante\" and Henry James called it a \"magnificent little romance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Hawthorne gives the characters specific names that depict abstract pure and wholesome beliefs, such as \"Young Goodman Brown\" and \"Faith\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story begins at dusk in Salem Village, Massachusetts as young Goodman Brown leaves Faith, his wife of three months, for some unknown errand in the forest."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Language of the period is used to enhance the setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Other townspeople inhabit the woods that night, traveling in the same direction as Goodman Brown."
}
] |
Young Goodman Brown is set in New England.
| 0 | 0 |
Young Goodman Brown
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was offered a contract to pitch for the Providence Grays of the still new National League, an all-professional major league that had begun its operations in 1876."
}
] |
gFclXEKDoLaMi3ivSu9R
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "New York and reserve clause",
"text": "The Giants then sold Ward to the Washington Nationals for a record price of $12,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the formation of the first professional sports players union and a new baseball league, the Players' League."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "As a successful lawyer he represented baseball players against the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was offered a contract to pitch for the Providence Grays of the still new National League, an all-professional major league that had begun its operations in 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "Named in the Honor Rolls of Baseball in 1946, Ward was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "New York and reserve clause",
"text": "Washington eventually refused payment on the transaction, nullifying the deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays",
"text": "He pitched nearly 600 innings each year (587.0 in 1879 and 595.0 in 1880)."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "Ward retired from baseball at age 34 in order to enter the legal profession."
},
{
"section_header": "New York and reserve clause",
"text": "Ward graduated from Columbia Law School in 1885 and led the players in forming the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players, the first sports labor union."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There, he rediscovered baseball."
}
] |
Ward got his start in professional baseball with the Washington Nationals.
| 1 | 4 |
John Montgomery Ward
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In the early hours of 25 December 2016, Michael died in bed at his home in Goring-on-Thames, aged 53."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In March 2017, a senior coroner in Oxfordshire attributed Michael's death to dilated cardiomyopathy with myocarditis and a fatty liver."
}
] |
gFuDSvk0iWOdsy5ZAG9a
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "On 21 December the hospital discharged him."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "Michael told the press that the staff at the hospital had saved his life and that he would perform a free concert for them."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In the early hours of 25 December 2016, Michael died in bed at his home in Goring-on-Thames, aged 53."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality and relationships",
"text": "\" In 1993, Feleppa died of an AIDS-related brain haemorrhage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Lesley Angold (née Harrison, died 1997), was an English dancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Solo career | 1990s",
"text": "The song was a melancholy tribute to his lover, Anselmo Feleppa, who had died in March 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "Michael appeared to be \"in good spirits\" and responded well to treatment following his admittance, but on 25 November hospital officials said that his condition had \"worsened overnight\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Solo career | 1990s",
"text": "It was his first long performance in years, and in the audience was Michael's mother, who died of cancer the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "On 16 May 2013, Michael sustained a head injury when he fell from his moving car on the M1 motorway, near St Albans in Hertfordshire, and was airlifted to hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "On 21 November, Vienna General Hospital admitted Michael after he complained of chest pains while at a hotel two hours before his performance at a venue there for his Symphonica Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In March 2017, a senior coroner in Oxfordshire attributed Michael's death to dilated cardiomyopathy with myocarditis and a fatty liver."
}
] |
Michael died in the hospital from a stroke.
| 0 | 1 |
George Michael
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Having long suffered from complications caused by his war wounds, Meade died on November 6, 1872 at the age of 56, still on active duty, following a battle with pneumonia."
}
] |
gFyKQUpsRqcB1Kzq9WZc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Army of the Potomac and Gettysburg",
"text": "He had not actively sought command and was not the president's first choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Having long suffered from complications caused by his war wounds, Meade died on November 6, 1872 at the age of 56, still on active duty, following a battle with pneumonia."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Sheridan objected and told Meade that he could \"whip Stuart\" if Meade let him."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Meade apparently knew nothing of this arrangement, and the reporters giving all of the credit to Grant angered Meade."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Grant made his headquarters with Meade for the remainder of the war, which caused Meade to chafe at the close supervision he received."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Grant assured Meade he had no intentions of replacing him."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Additional differences caused further friction between Grant and Meade."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Following an incident in June 1864, in which Meade disciplined reporter Edward Cropsey from The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper for an unfavorable article, all of the press assigned to his army agreed to mention Meade only in conjunction with setbacks."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Meade reported the conversation to Grant, who replied, \"Well, he generally knows what he is talking about."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "After Spotsylvania, Grant requested that Meade be promoted to major general of the regular army."
}
] |
Meade was not active in the service when he passed away.
| 0 | 0 |
George Meade
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Later film adaptations include John Badham's 1979 Dracula, starring Frank Langella and inspired by the 1977 Broadway revival of the Deane/Hamilton play, and Francis Ford Coppola's 1992"
}
] |
gGIbhAHimnLDjwC0RhCM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Reaction",
"text": "I think it is the very best story of diablerie which I have read for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Victorian readers enjoyed Dracula as a good adventure story like many others, but it did not reach its legendary status until later in the 20th century when film versions began to appear."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical and geographical references",
"text": "Many of the scenes in Whitby and London are based on real places that Stoker frequently visited, although he distorts the geography for the sake of the story in some cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The reputation for cruelty of the Romanian ruler of Wallachia Vlad III Dracula, which Stoker first learned about in 1881, inspired the name of the count Dracula."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It introduced the character of Count Dracula and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Universal Studios continued to feature the character of Dracula in many of their horror films from the 1930s and 1940s."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical and geographical references",
"text": "In her book The Essential Dracula, Clare Haword-Maden suggested that the castle of Count Dracula was inspired by Slains Castle, at which Bram Stoker was a guest of the 19th Earl of Erroll."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature, horror fiction, gothic fiction, and invasion literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Later film adaptations include John Badham's 1979 Dracula, starring Frank Langella and inspired by the 1977 Broadway revival of the Deane/Hamilton play, and Francis Ford Coppola's 1992"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The character of Count Dracula has remained popular over the years, and many films have used the character as a villain, while others have named him in their titles, including Dracula's Daughter and The Brides of Dracula."
}
] |
Dracula has inspired many spin off stories.
| 0 | 0 |
Dracula
|
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