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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Background",
"text": "In a 1955 letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien recollects that he began work on The Hobbit one day early in the 1930s, when he was marking School Certificate papers."
}
] |
gGOSi1u3AHix1xT9P9zP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication",
"text": "This first printing was illustrated in black and white by Tolkien, who designed the dust jacket as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Collectors' market",
"text": "The first printing of the first English-language edition can sell for between £6,000 and £20,000 at auction, although the price for a signed first edition has reached over £60,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Collectors' market",
"text": "The enduring popularity of The Hobbit makes early printings of the book attractive collectors' items."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Background",
"text": "In a 1955 letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien recollects that he began work on The Hobbit one day early in the 1930s, when he was marking School Certificate papers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work has never been out of print."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Background",
"text": "In the early 1930s Tolkien was pursuing an academic career at Oxford as Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, with a fellowship at Pembroke College."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication",
"text": "And although Tolkien denied allegory, the dwarves taking Bilbo out of his complacent existence has been seen as an eloquent metaphor for the \"impoverishment of Western society without Jews.\" George Allen & Unwin Ltd. of London published the first edition of The Hobbit on 21 September 1937 with a print run of 1,500 copies, which sold out by December because of enthusiastic reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Adaptations",
"text": "The first authorized adaptation of The Hobbit appeared in March 1953, a stage production by St. Margaret's School, Edinburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "In the first edition of The Hobbit, Gollum willingly bets his magic ring on the outcome of the riddle-game, and he and Bilbo part amicably."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication",
"text": "Allen & Unwin decided to incorporate the colour illustrations into their second printing, released at the end of 1937."
}
] |
The Hobbit was first printed in the 1930s.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hobbit
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20."
}
] |
gGTFILcGVG46piSxFeqr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition is the one most widely published and read now, although a few editions follow the 1818 text."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her name first appeared in the second edition published in Paris in 1821."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition credited Mary Shelley as the book's author on its title page."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "It was published in an edition of just 500 copies in three volumes, the standard \"triple-decker\" format for 19th-century first editions."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "In 2008, the Bodleian published a new edition of Frankenstein, edited by Charles E. Robinson, that contains comparisons of Mary Shelley's original text with Percy Shelley's additions and interventions alongside."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "On 31 October 1831, the first \"popular\" edition in one volume appeared, published by Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | Victor Frankenstein's name",
"text": "Percy Shelley was the first-born son of a wealthy country squire with strong political connections and a descendant of Sir Bysshe Shelley, 1st Baronet of Castle Goring, and Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "The second (English) edition of Frankenstein was published on 11 August 1823 in two volumes (by G. and W. B. Whittaker) following the success of the stage play Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein by Richard Brinsley Peake."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Shelley wrote much of the book while residing in a lodging house in the centre of Bath in 1816.Shelley's manuscripts for the first three-volume edition in 1818 (written 1816–1817), as well as the fair copy for her publisher, are now housed in the Bodleian Library in Oxford."
}
] |
Frankenstein's 1st edition was published as an unknown author.
| 2 | 5 |
Frankenstein
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Peyton Farquhar, a civilian and plantation owner, is being prepared for execution by hanging from an Alabama railroad bridge during the American Civil War."
}
] |
gGceYk1k82YbpBZxuHQa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In one scene, one of the main characters briefly tells his fellow soldiers about \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\", implying that they may be going trough a similar situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Peyton Farquhar, a civilian and plantation owner, is being prepared for execution by hanging from an Alabama railroad bridge during the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It is a somber outlaw ballad that was inspired by the story \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "Scottish composer Thea Musgrave composed a one-act opera, An Occurrence at Owl Street Bridge, which was broadcast by the BBC in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 1936, the radio series The Columbia Workshop broadcast an adaptation of \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "A particularly strong inspiration for the 1990 film Jacob's Ladder, for both Bruce Joel Rubin and Adrian Lyne, was Robert Enrico's 1962 short film An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, one of Lyne's favourite movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" (1890) is a short story by the American writer and Civil War veteran Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In a flashback, Farquhar and his wife are relaxing at home one evening when a soldier rides up to the gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories with similar structure",
"text": "Among more recent works, David Lynch's later films have been compared to \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\", although they also have been interpreted as the Möbius strip storylines."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In an interview with Afterbuzz, Teen Wolf writer and creator Jeff Davis said that the final sequence of the Season 3 finale (2014) was inspired by \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
}
] |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is about a Vietnam soldier on his way to be executed.
| 1 | 2 |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "His parents never married; both were heavy drinkers, and in 1907 his mother died of appendicitis at the age of 24.In 1916"
}
] |
gGnyu8kvc4G30niT2htv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "His mother, Jennie Kaughn, 16, was an unemployed drifter from Philadelphia; his father, Robert Wilson, 24, was a steel worker."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "In 1922 he met Virginia Riddleburger, a 34-year-old office clerk; they married the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs | 1930 peak",
"text": "But Hack really hit 57 that year.\" Wilson's official total of 56 stood as the NL record until the 1998 season, when it was broken by Sammy Sosa (66) and Mark McGwire (70)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "In another version, McGraw is said to have remarked that Wilson's physique was reminiscent of a \"hack\" (slang for taxicab in that era)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Giants",
"text": "Giants teammate Bill Cunningham claimed that the nickname was based on Wilson's resemblance to Hack Miller, an outfielder with the Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Decline",
"text": "Wilson complained that the new Cubs manager, former teammate Rogers Hornsby, did not allow him to \"swing away\" as much as Joe McCarthy had."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "On May 24 he hit the center field scoreboard with one of the longest home runs in Wrigley Field history as the Cubs came from behind to defeat the Boston Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "His parents never married; both were heavy drinkers, and in 1907 his mother died of appendicitis at the age of 24.In 1916"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "Joe could be strict and stern with his players ... but he never was with Hack, and Hack repaid him by playing as he never had before, nor would again."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Glory years with the Cubs",
"text": "Wilson's \"penchant for festivities\" is also well documented."
}
] |
Hack Wilson's mother passed away when she was 24 years old.
| 2 | 5 |
Hack Wilson
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet."
}
] |
gGt5i0V4sUxFxDwPNVlv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Collaboration and development",
"text": "There he met Sondheim, who had heard that East Side Story, now retitled West Side Story, was back on track."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1962, Oscar Peterson and his trio recorded a jazz version, West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Production period",
"text": "It has been rumored that while Bernstein was off trying to fix the musical Candide, Sondheim wrote some of the music for West Side Story, and that Bernstein's co-lyricist billing mysteriously disappeared from the credits of West Side Story during the tryout, presumably as a trade-off."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "West Side Story is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Collaboration and development",
"text": "Bernstein composed West Side Story and Candide concurrently, which led to some switches of material between the two works."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | UK productions",
"text": "The refurbished Shaftesbury Theatre reopened with a run of West Side Story from December 19, 1974 to mid-1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Score",
"text": "In 1961, Bernstein prepared a suite of orchestral music from the show, titled Symphonic Dances from West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1962, Dave Brubeck recorded jazz versions of selections from the film score on Music From West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, concerns a love story between a Jew and a Palestinian and parodies several aspects of West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet."
}
] |
West Side Story was inspired by Bonnie and Clyde.
| 0 | 0 |
West Side Story
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "U.S. She is the only child of Irish parents Monica (née Brennan) and Paul Ronan, who are both from Dublin."
}
] |
gGxKw1XKabETzoam4jqM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father worked in construction and bar work before training as an actor in New York, and her mother worked as a nanny, but had also acted as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rising star (2010–2014)",
"text": "The film co-starred Eric Bana and Cate Blanchett as Hanna's father and a villainous CIA agent, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rising star (2010–2014)",
"text": "It co-starred Jim Sturgess, Colin Farrell and Ed Harris, and was filmed on location in Bulgaria, India and Morocco."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rising star (2010–2014)",
"text": "The film starred Gemma Arterton and her as mother-and-daughter vampires."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Atonement and early work (2003–2009)",
"text": "Both films received a mixed critical reception and failed at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and media image",
"text": "Her mother accompanied her on set as a teenager, and Ronan has credited her for protecting her from uncomfortable situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "U.S. She is the only child of Irish parents Monica (née Brennan) and Paul Ronan, who are both from Dublin."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Critical recognition (2015–present)",
"text": "Critic Todd McCarthy praised both actresses' performances and credited Ronan for \"carr[ying] the film with fiercely individualistic spirit\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rising star (2010–2014)",
"text": "In Peter Weir's war drama The Way Back (2010), Ronan played the supporting part of Irena, a Polish orphan during World War II, who joins escaped Siberian convicts in a 4,000-mile (6,400 km) trek to India."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rising star (2010–2014)",
"text": "Writing for Radio Times, the critic Alan Jones found the film to be an \"evocative fairy tale that uses vampires as a prism to comment on humanity\" and considered both Arterton and Ronan to be \"radiant\" in it."
}
] |
Ronan's mother and father are both from India.
| 0 | 0 |
Saoirse Ronan
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "With Wall Street being historically a commuter destination, a plethora of transportation infrastructure has been developed to serve it."
}
] |
gHU2t5BEb8esAA5rYFcy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Most subway stations were closed, most lights were still off, most telephones did not work, and only a handful of people walked in the narrow canyons of Wall Street yesterday morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | As an economic engine | In the New Jersey economy",
"text": "Additionally, New Jersey has become the main technology infrastructure to support the Wall Street operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "With Wall Street being historically a commuter destination, a plethora of transportation infrastructure has been developed to serve it."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | In the public imagination | As a financial symbol",
"text": "is good\", which caught on in the cultural parlance."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Regulation",
"text": "Since telecommunications costs were coming down, banks and brokerage firms could move away from Wall Street to more affordable locations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Regulation",
"text": "In 1995, city authorities offered the Lower Manhattan Revitalization Plan which offered incentives to convert commercial properties to residential use."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Regulation",
"text": "The stock market crash of 1929 ushered in the Great Depression, in which a quarter of working people were unemployed, with soup kitchens, mass foreclosures of farms, and falling prices."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Early 20th century",
"text": "A report from The New York Times: The tomb-like silence that settles over Wall Street and lower Broadway with the coming of night and the suspension of business was entirely changed last night as hundreds of men worked under the glare of searchlights to repair the damage to skyscrapers that were lighted up from top to bottom. ... The Assay Office, nearest the point of explosion, naturally suffered the most."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The space between the former walls is now called Wall Street, and its spirit is still that of a bulwark against the people."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | As an economic engine | In the New York economy",
"text": "Wall Street pay, in terms of salaries and bonuses and taxes, is an important part of the economy of New York City, the tri-state metropolitan area, and the United States."
}
] |
Wall Street does not offer good options in term of infrastructures for people who come to work.
| 1 | 6 |
Wall Street
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Augustus (Imperator Caesar divi filius Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) was a Roman statesman and military leader who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14."
}
] |
gHbv24bN19sW4R0SOpVu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | Additional powers",
"text": "Lucius Cornelius Balbus was the last man outside Augustus's family to receive this award, in 19 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "Augustus's famous last words were, \"Have I played the part well?"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Augustus's reign laid the foundations of a regime that lasted, in one form or another, for nearly fifteen hundred years through the ultimate decline of the Western Roman Empire and until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453."
},
{
"section_header": "War and expansion",
"text": "\" The impulse for expansionism was apparently prominent among all classes at Rome, and it is accorded divine sanction by Virgil's Jupiter in Book 1 of the Aeneid, where Jupiter promises Rome imperium sine fine, \"sovereignty without end\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | Additional powers",
"text": "With the powers of a censor, Augustus appealed to virtues of Roman patriotism by banning all attire but the classic toga while entering the Forum."
},
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | Additional powers",
"text": "There was no precedent within the Roman system for combining the powers of the tribune and the censor into a single position, nor was Augustus ever elected to the office of censor."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Second Triumvirate | War with Antony and Cleopatra",
"text": "Antony and his remaining forces were spared only due to a last-ditch effort by Cleopatra's fleet that had been waiting nearby."
},
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | Additional powers",
"text": "In addition, the credit was given to Augustus for each subsequent Roman military victory after this time, because the majority of Rome's armies were stationed in imperial provinces commanded by Augustus through the legatus who were deputies of the princeps in the provinces."
},
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | Change to Augustus",
"text": "With this title, he boasted his familial link to deified Julius Caesar, and the use of Imperator signified a permanent link to the Roman tradition of victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Sole ruler of Rome | First settlement",
"text": "The provinces ceded to Augustus for that ten-year period comprised much of the conquered Roman world, including all of Hispania and Gaul, Syria, Cilicia, Cyprus, and Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Augustus (Imperator Caesar divi filius Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) was a Roman statesman and military leader who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14."
}
] |
Augustus was the last ruler of the Roman sovereignty.
| 2 | 5 |
Augustus
|
Technology
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1981, Salomon Brothers was acquired, and Michael Bloomberg, a general partner, was given a $10 million partnership settlement."
}
] |
gI85nYC1RSueE3DQRkNt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. has remained a private company since its founding; the majority of which is owned by billionaire Michael Bloomberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg News",
"text": "Bloomberg News was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg and Matthew Winkler in 1990, to deliver financial news reporting to Bloomberg terminal subscribers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with the help of Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, and a 12% ownership investment by Merrill Lynch."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Tradebook",
"text": "Bloomberg Tradebook was founded in 1996, as an affiliate of Bloomberg L.P."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "In 1997, former Bloomberg L.P. sales executive Sekiko Sakai Garrison filed a lawsuit against the company and Michael Bloomberg, alleging sexual harassment and wrongful termination."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Beta",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. Founded in 2013, the $75 million fund is focused on investments in areas broadly of interest to Bloomberg L.P., and invests purely for financial return."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg New Economy Forum",
"text": "Founding partners of the forum included 3M, ADNOC, Dangote, ExxonMobil, FedEx, HSBC, Hyundai, Mastercard, Microsoft, & Softbank."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Bloomberg Markets",
"text": "Michael Dukmejian has served as the magazine's publisher since 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Offices | Leadership",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P.'s Management Committee includes Michael Bloomberg, Peter Grauer, and Thomas Secunda."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions",
"text": "Since its founding, Bloomberg L.P. has made several acquisitions including the radio station WNEW, BusinessWeek magazine, research company New Energy Finance, the Bureau of National Affairs and the financial software company Bloomberg PolarLake."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1981, Salomon Brothers was acquired, and Michael Bloomberg, a general partner, was given a $10 million partnership settlement."
}
] |
Bloomberg L.P was founded by Michael Bloomberg and his cousins.
| 0 | 1 |
Bloomberg L.P.
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been translated into Spanish, Chinese, French, Japanese, German, Italian, Russian and 22 other languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He advised her to write about what she knew from her own life, and The Yearling was the result."
}
] |
gICOCRw6n320DgsPm6bL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yearling is a novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings published in March 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He advised her to write about what she knew from her own life, and The Yearling was the result."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book then focuses on Jody's life as he matures along with Flag."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Along with his father, he comes face to face with the rough life of a farmer and hunter."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 2012 song by singer/songwriter Andrew Peterson, \"The Ballad of Jody Baxter\", deals with themes from The Yearling."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When his mother shoots the deer and wounds him, Jody is then forced to shoot Flag in the neck himself, killing the yearling."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Penny shoots a doe, orphaning its young fawn, in order to use its liver to draw out the snake's venom, which saves Penny's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Notes",
"text": "Visitors can hike the Yearling Trail and pass the sites where the homes were and the now dry sinkhole, and pay respects at the Long Family Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been translated into Spanish, Chinese, French, Japanese, German, Italian, Russian and 22 other languages."
}
] |
The Yearling was inspired from Marjorie Kinnan's mother's life.
| 0 | 2 |
The Yearling
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away."
}
] |
gIPlwIMx99E1IL9YNmql
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party's name referred to the non-gold backed paper money, commonly known as \"greenbacks\", issued by the North during the American Civil War and shortly afterward."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Decline and dissolution",
"text": "In the election of 1886, only two dozen Greenback candidates ran for the House, apart from another six who ran on fusion tickets."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Development",
"text": "The town of Greenback, Tennessee, was named after the Greenback Party about 1882.The party seems to have made use of slightly different official names in some states, with the organization appearing on the ballot in the November 1880"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "The Greenback Party emerged gradually from the consolidation of like-minded state-level political organizations of differing names."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Background",
"text": "A dual currency system emerged in which this fiat money circulated side by side with ostensibly gold-backed currency and gold coin, with the value of the former bearing a discount in trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Legacy",
"text": "By the middle of the 1880s, Greenback Labor nationally was losing its labor-based support, in part as a result of craft union voluntarism and in part as a result of Irish defections back to the Democratic Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "The party's platform focused upon repeal of the Specie Resumption Act of 1875 and the renewed use of non-gold-backed United States Notes in an effort to restore prosperity through an expanded money supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Background",
"text": "This non-gold-based currency became the functional equivalent of greenbacks in circulation, further expanding the money supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "No new party was formally established, but a governing Executive Committee was named for the prospective \"National Independent Party\", with the body assigned the task of composing a declaration of principles and issuing another call for a formal founding convention."
}
] |
Greenback Party got its name from non-gold back paper money and only ran in four elections.
| 1 | 2 |
Greenback Party
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the conflict widened, other participants included Spain, Sardinia, Saxony, Sweden and Russia."
}
] |
gIjtLkycRvtKYsKb0N8L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies",
"text": "In the War of the Austrian Succession, the British were allied with Austria; by the time of the Seven Years' War, they were allied with its enemy, Prussia."
},
{
"section_header": "Related wars",
"text": "First Carnatic War — Anglo-French rivalry in India often seen as a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession. Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) — Swedish and Russian participation in the War of the Austrian Succession. King George's War — American participation in the War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Related wars",
"text": "War of Jenkins' Ear — Anglo-Spanish war which merged into the War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies",
"text": "They sought to offset the disadvantage this created in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly France."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The War of the Austrian Succession (German: Österreichischer Erbfolgekrieg) was a European war fought between 1740 and 1748."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Connected conflicts include King George's War, the War of Jenkins' Ear, the First Carnatic War, as well as the First and Second Silesian Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies | Methods and technologies",
"text": "The War of the Austrian Succession, like most European wars of the eighteenth century, was fought as a so-called cabinet war in which disciplined regular armies were equipped and supplied by the state to conduct warfare on behalf of the sovereign's interests."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign of 1743",
"text": "Whether this amounted to anything more than drunken gossip is disputed; one suggestion is that it was a fabrication by Frederick, designed to remove anti-Prussian opponents, chiefly Chancellor Bestuzhev-Ryumin."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "A family issue became a European one due to tensions within the Holy Roman Empire, caused by dramatic increases in the size and power of Bavaria, Prussia, and Saxony, mirrored by the post-1683 expansion of Habsburg power into lands previously held by the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "India",
"text": "The war marked the beginning of great power in England and the powerful struggle between Britain and France in India and of European military ascendancy and political intervention in the subcontinent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the conflict widened, other participants included Spain, Sardinia, Saxony, Sweden and Russia."
}
] |
The War of the Austrian Succession included more powers as time went on.
| 0 | 0 |
War of the Austrian Succession
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pizarro's death",
"text": "In Lima, on 26 June 1541 \"a group of 20 heavily armed supporters of Diego de Almagro II \"el mozo\" stormed Pizarro's palace, assassinating him and then forcing the terrified city council to appoint young Almagro as the new governor of Peru\", according to Burkholder and Johnson."
}
] |
gIkfNNQkN3Yb3lFrQZWn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "Pizarro, Francisco (15 January 2009). \" Cartas del Marqués Don Francisco Pizarro (1533–1541)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "Pizarro, Francisco (15 January 2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "\"Francisco Pizarro response to a petition by Pedro del Barco\", 14 April 1539."
},
{
"section_header": "Works of Pizarro",
"text": "\" Cédula de encomienda de Francisco Pizarro a Diego Maldonado, Cuzco, 15 de abril de 1539\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Palace of the Conquest",
"text": "Francisca Pizarro Yupanqui and her uncle/husband Hernando Pizarro ordered the building of the palace; it features busts of them and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Second expedition (1526) | The Famous Thirteen",
"text": "\"Only 13 men stayed with Pizarro."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "By his marriage to N de Trujillo, Pizarro had a son also named Francisco, who married his relative Inés Pizarro, without issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pizarro is also reviled for ordering Atahualpa's death despite the ransom payment (which Pizarro kept, after paying the Spanish king his due)."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Capitulación de Toledo",
"text": "Two half-brothers from his father, Juan Pizarro and Gonzalo Pizarro, and a half-brother from his mother, Francisco Martín de Alcántara, later also decided to join him, as well as his cousin Pedro Pizarro, who served as his page."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Capitulación de Toledo",
"text": "Pizarro reached Seville in early summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Pizarro's death",
"text": "In Lima, on 26 June 1541 \"a group of 20 heavily armed supporters of Diego de Almagro II \"el mozo\" stormed Pizarro's palace, assassinating him and then forcing the terrified city council to appoint young Almagro as the new governor of Peru\", according to Burkholder and Johnson."
}
] |
Pizarro was carefully murdered.
| 0 | 0 |
Francisco Pizarro
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Huckleberry Finn, \"Huck\" to his friends, is a boy about \"thirteen or fourteen or along there\" years old. (Chapter 17) He has been brought up by his father, the town drunk, and has a difficult time fitting into society."
}
] |
gKBm7D4uhUwIQd3B6ag2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and banning",
"text": "I wrote 'Tom Sawyer' & 'Huck Finn' for adults exclusively, & it always distressed me when I find that boys and girls have been allowed access to them."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | In Illinois and on Jackson's Island",
"text": "To find out the latest news in town, Huck dresses as a girl and enters the house of Judith Loftus, a woman new to the area."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Hopelessly Lost (1973), a Soviet film Huckleberry Finn (1974), a musical film Huckleberry Finn (1975), an ABC movie of the week with Ron Howard as Huck Finn"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication's effect on literary climate",
"text": "For example, Twain revised the opening line of Huck Finn three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993), starring Elijah Wood and Courtney B. Vance"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1939) by MGM; directed by Richard Thorpe; starring Mickey Rooney as Huck"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | On the Phelps' farm",
"text": "Jim tells Huck that Huck's father (Pap Finn) has been dead for some time (he was the dead man they found earlier in the floating house), and so Huck may now return safely to St. Petersburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Huck and Tom (1918 silent) by Famous Players-Lasky; directed by William Desmond Taylor; starring Jack Pickford as Tom, Robert Gordon as Huck and Clara Horton as Becky Huckleberry Finn (1920 silent) by Famous Players-Lasky; directed by William Desmond Taylor; starring Lewis Sargent as Huck, Gordon Griffith as Tom and Thelma Salter as Becky Huckleberry Finn (1931) by Paramount Pictures; directed by Norman Taurog; starring Jackie Coogan as Tom, Junior Durkin as Huck, and Mitzi Green as Becky"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is told in the first person by Huckleberry \"Huck\" Finn, the narrator of two other Twain novels (Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer, Detective) and a friend of Tom Sawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Adventures of Huck Finn (2012), a German film starring Leon Seidel and directed by Hermine Huntgeburth Tom Sawyer & Huckleberry Finn (2014), starring Joel Courtney as Tom Sawyer, Jake T. Austin as Huckleberry Finn, Katherine McNamara as Becky Thatcher Band of Robbers (2015), an American crime comedy written and directed by the Nee Brothers"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Huckleberry Finn, \"Huck\" to his friends, is a boy about \"thirteen or fourteen or along there\" years old. (Chapter 17) He has been brought up by his father, the town drunk, and has a difficult time fitting into society."
}
] |
Huck Finn is a girl.
| 1 | 3 |
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming also took place in Wadi Rum, Jordan."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began on August 1, 2018, at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England."
}
] |
gKRyhHfqzQlVqLxmeAs6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (also known as Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker) is a 2019 American epic space opera film produced, co-written, and directed by J. J. Abrams."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "A publishing campaign titled \"Journey to Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker\" was announced on May 4, 2019 (Star Wars Day)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The title, The Rise of Skywalker, was announced at April 2019's Star Wars Celebration in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker grossed $515.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $558.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.074 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Lucasfilm honored Riley Howell, a student and Star Wars fan who heroically died at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte shooting in April 2019, by naming a Jedi after him in its book Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker – The Visual Dictionary."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "To coincide with the release of the film, a trailer for the forthcoming video game, Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga was released on the same day."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "The next month, Williams announced that it would be the last Star Wars film for which he would compose the score."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Scott Mendelson for Forbes described the film as \"possibly worse than any prior Star Wars 'episode'."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In October 2012, Star Wars creator George Lucas sold his production company Lucasfilm, and with it the Star Wars franchise, to The Walt Disney Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy, following The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017), and the final episode of the nine-part \"Skywalker saga."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming also took place in Wadi Rum, Jordan."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began on August 1, 2018, at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England."
}
] |
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker was filmed in Egypt.
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini."
}
] |
gKoF2yn8P5fstd54vtXV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "At the age of five, Paganini started learning the mandolin from his father, and moved to the violin by the age of seven."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "Franz Lehár – Paganini, a fictionalized operetta about Paganini (1925) Franz Liszt –"
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "Notable examples include Brahms's Variations on a Theme of Paganini and Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Late career and health decline",
"text": "Neither, however, considered Paganini helpful or inspirational."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "By 1800, Paganini and his father traveled to Livorno, where Paganini played in concerts and his father resumed his maritime work."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "7. 7. Uli Jon Roth – \"Scherzo alla Paganini\" and \"Paganini Paraphrase\" Robert Schumann – Studies after Caprices by Paganini, Op. 3 (1832; piano); 6 Concert Studies on Caprices by Paganini, Op. 10 (1833, piano)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final years, death, and burial",
"text": "Paganini assumed the sacrament was premature, and refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "Paganini was also the inspiration of many prominent composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "The Paganini Competition (Premio Paganini) is an international violin competition created in 1954 in his home city of Genoa and named in his honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini."
}
] |
Niccolò Paganini was a middle child and had five siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Niccolò Paganini
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Stephens is pictured on the Confederate States $20.00 banknote (3rd, 5th, 6th, and 7th issues)."
}
] |
gLBqJVHSrMF0A3BlxpZC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "One of them was the Presbyterian minister Alexander Hamilton Webster, who presided over a school in Washington, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American politician who served as the vice president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865, and later as the 50th governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in 1883."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Speeches",
"text": "1846. Stephens, Alexander Hamilton (1856)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Stephens quickly rose to prominence as one of the leading Southern Whigs in the House."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice President of the Confederate States",
"text": "On February 3, 1865, Stephens was one of three Confederate commissioners who met with Lincoln on the steamer River Queen at the Hampton Roads Conference, a fruitless effort to discuss measures to bring an end to the fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He [Alexander Stephens] was thrifty, generous, progressive; one of the best lawyers in the land; a reader and collector of books; a close observer of the weather, and father of the Weather Bureau of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A sculpture of Stephens appears in the National Statuary Hall Collection, representing one of two figures from Georgia history, the other being Crawford W. Long."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In February 1865, he was one of the commissioners who met with Abraham Lincoln at the abortive Hampton Roads Conference to discuss peace terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "the bill probably never would have passed in the House."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Out of respect for his mentor, Stephens adopted Webster's middle name, Hamilton, as his own."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Stephens is pictured on the Confederate States $20.00 banknote (3rd, 5th, 6th, and 7th issues)."
}
] |
American politician Alexander Hamilton Stephens was on the one dollar bill for Confederate money.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander H. Stephens
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Rugby union is considered the national sport and attracts the most spectators."
}
] |
gLGXEYuNm7nbZ6zscu2L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Horseracing was also a popular spectator sport and became part of the \"Rugby, Racing and Beer\" culture during the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Rugby union is considered the national sport and attracts the most spectators."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Golf, netball, tennis and cricket have the highest rates of adult participation, while netball, rugby union and football (soccer) are particularly popular among young people."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "New Zealand has competitive international teams in rugby union, rugby league, netball, cricket, softball, and sailing."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Māori participation in European sports was particularly evident in rugby and the country's team performs a haka, a traditional Māori challenge, before international matches."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "The \"All Blacks\", the national rugby union team, are the most successful in the history of international rugby and have won the World Cup three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Most of the major sporting codes played in New Zealand have British origins."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Around 54% of New Zealand adolescents participate in sports for their school."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Other outdoor pursuits such as cycling, fishing, swimming, running, tramping, canoeing, hunting, snowsports, surfing and sailing are also popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "The Polynesian sport of waka ama racing has experienced a resurgence of interest in New Zealand since the 1980s."
}
] |
New Zealand's most popular sport is rugby.
| 2 | 7 |
New Zealand
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was born in Mobile, Alabama, the second of Clovi and Marvella Smith's six children (five boys and one girl)."
}
] |
gLpkQDo2i1d3wgbL0uYv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Upon receiving the start in Game 5, Smith nearly duplicated his Game 1 performance with four putouts, one assist, and no hits in four at-bats as part of another Cardinals defeat."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Smith started Game 1 and subsequently registered three putouts and one assist in the field, but went hitless in four at-bats in the Cardinals' 4–2 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "On September 2 Smith tied a career high by scoring four runs, one of which was a home run, and another on a close play at home plate in the bottom of the 10th inning against division leader Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "Smith batted left-handed against Niedenfuer with one out."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "Facing the Los Angeles Dodgers in the now best-of-seven NLCS, a split of the first four games set the stage for Game 5 at Busch Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "\"Because of his injury, Smith let his then four-year-old son Nikko perform his traditional Opening Day backflip before the Cardinals' first home game of the 1986 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was born in Mobile, Alabama, the second of Clovi and Marvella Smith's six children (five boys and one girl)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "Approaching Smith one day during spring training, Herzog said, \"Every time you hit a fly ball, you owe me a buck."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Noted for his ritual backflip before Opening Days, All-Star Games, and postseason games, Smith chose this occasion to perform it for one of the last times."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith has one older and four younger siblings.
| 2 | 5 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He published his first song, \"Marie from Sunny Italy\", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights, and had his first major international hit, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\", in 1911."
}
] |
gMYzM3b184uGq8CL7Dvb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "It was Irving Berlin who was the very first to have created a real, inherent American music.... Irving Berlin was the first to free the American song from the nauseating sentimentality which had previously characterized it, and by introducing and perfecting ragtime he had actually given us the first germ of an American musical idiom; he had sown the first seeds of an American music."
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting career | Before 1920 | Sparking a national dance craze",
"text": "The song \"Play a Simple Melody\" became the first of his famous \"double\" songs in which two different melodies and lyrics are counterpointed against one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Film scores | 1920s–1950s | \"White Christmas\" (1942)",
"text": "Talking about Irving Berlin's \"White Christmas\", composer–"
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting methods",
"text": "In 1920, Irving Berlin became a member of SACEM, the French Society of Authors, Composers, and Publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting career | Before 1920 | \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" (1911)",
"text": "In 1911, Emma Carus introduced his first world-famous hit, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\", followed by a performance from Berlin himself at the Friars' Frolic of 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "Irving Berlin can sing 60 that are immediately identifiable... [Y]ou couldn't have a holiday without his permission.\" Composer Douglas Moore added: It's a rare gift which sets Irving Berlin apart from all other contemporary songwriters."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "For years, Mackay refused to speak to the Berlins, but they reconciled after the Berlins lost their first son, Irving Berlin Jr., on Christmas Eve in 1928, less than one month after he was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "Composer George Gershwin (1898–1937) also tried to describe the importance of Berlin's compositions: I want to say at once that I frankly believe that Irving Berlin is the greatest songwriter that has ever lived.... His songs are exquisite cameos of perfection, and each one of them is as beautiful as its neighbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"He wrote hundreds of songs, many becoming major hits, which made him famous before he turned thirty."
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting career | 1920 to 1940 | Various hit songs by Berlin",
"text": "Furia notes that when Vallée first introduced the song on his radio show, the \"song not only became an overnight hit"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He published his first song, \"Marie from Sunny Italy\", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights, and had his first major international hit, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\", in 1911."
}
] |
Famous composer Irving Berlin got $0.33 for his first song.
| 0 | 0 |
Irving Berlin
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won the MVP Award three times, came in second three times, and came within nine votes of winning five times."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues (1948–1950)",
"text": "Mantle won the Western Association batting title, with a .383 average."
}
] |
gN5QxQnacnAQqxhkY7gP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Stardom: 1952–1964 | M&M Boys",
"text": "Mantle finished in second place in MVP voting for 1964, as Baltimore Oriole Brooks Robinson won the award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won the MVP Award three times, came in second three times, and came within nine votes of winning five times."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "Mantle returned to the hospital shortly thereafter where it was found that his cancer had spread throughout his body."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Stardom: 1952–1964",
"text": "Mantle won his second consecutive MVP in 1957 behind league leads in runs and walks, a career-high .365 batting average ("
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Stardom: 1952–1964 | M&M Boys",
"text": "The Cardinals ultimately won the World Series in 7 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues (1948–1950)",
"text": "Mantle won the Western Association batting title, with a .383 average."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers and is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "In July, he had recovered enough to deliver a press conference at Baylor, and noted that many fans had looked to him as a role model."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Injuries",
"text": "Mantle's career was plagued with injuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Rookie season: 1951",
"text": "He played the rest of his career with a torn ACL."
}
] |
Mickey Mantle won many awards throughout his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Mickey Mantle
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "their three Japanese concert tours attracted a record-breaking 550,000 spectators."
}
] |
gNVm3qmLZqv9oXhpi3td
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "In mid-2010, Girls' Generation signed with Nayutawave Records (present-day EMI Records Japan), a division of Universal Music Japan, to venture out to the Japanese music scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "their three Japanese concert tours attracted a record-breaking 550,000 spectators."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2012: Japanese success, The Boys, and international expansion",
"text": "To promote the album, Girls' Generation embarked on The 1st Japan Arena Tour, which started in Osaka on May 31, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "In February 2013, Girls' Generation embarked on the Girls & Peace: 2nd Japan Tour, which started in Kobe on February 9."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2012: Japanese success, The Boys, and international expansion",
"text": "Within its first month of release, Girls' Generation sold 500,000 copies and earned a double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "The group's three Japanese concert tours attracted 550,000 spectators in total, setting the record for a K-pop girl group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "They also completed their third concert tour in Japan, Love & Peace, within that month."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Five of their concert tours ranked among the ten highest-grossing tours by a girl group as of 2016: Love & Peace (2014; $31.6 million), Girls' Generation's Phantasia (2015; $22.3 million), Girls & Peace: 2nd Japan Tour (2013; $21.5 million), The First Japan Arena Tour (2011; $14.98 million), and Girls & Peace World Tour (2013; $14.97 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "The group also concurrently embarked on their 4th Japan Tour, which commenced on December 12, 2015 at Nagoya."
}
] |
Girls' Generation tours in Japan broke records in attendance with over 500k concert-goers.
| 0 | 0 |
Girls' Generation
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I."
}
] |
gNe1HjA3WSIjPwuIJqAT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the battle actually took place near Allenstein (Olsztyn), Hindenburg named it after Tannenberg, 30 km (19 mi) to the west, in order to avenge the defeat of the Teutonic Knights 500 years earlier at the Battle of Grunwald by Poland-Lithuania (which was also known as the Battle of Tannenberg in German)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The basic idea was for Germany to use its speed advantage to mobilize before the French could, invade and defeat France before it mobilized, and then turn the German army around, send it east, and defeat Russia, which was seen as being slower to mobilize than France."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Devised a decade earlier in response to concerns about fighting a two-front war with Russia and France, the Plan depended on differences in the speed with which the different nations could mobilize their armies for war."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Main battle: 26–30 August",
"text": "His body was found in the following year and returned to Russia by the Red Cross."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The German Schlieffen Plan proposed to defeat France swiftly while the Russians were mobilizing."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Main battle: 26–30 August",
"text": "Another estimate gives 30,000 Russians killed or wounded, with 13 generals and 500 guns captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Main battle: 26–30 August",
"text": "His artillery barrage was overwhelming, and soon he had taken the key town of Usdau."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Field Marshal Sir Edmund Ironside saw Tannenberg as the “… greatest defeat suffered by any of the combatants during the war”."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Main battle: 26–30 August",
"text": "The noose was in place. The Russians who had been attacking were surrounded."
}
] |
The Battle of Tannenberg between Russia and France took place in another town that what is known for to mark a defeat from 500 years earlier.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Tannenberg
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie Lee McCovey (January 10, 1938 – October 31, 2018) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known as \"Stretch\" during his playing days, and later also nicknamed \"Mac\" and \"Willie Mac,\"."
}
] |
gOFmYs0OwLnhZ50rIBKD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman from 1959 to 1980, most notably as a member of the San Francisco Giants for whom he played with for 19 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known as \"Stretch\" during his playing days, and later also nicknamed \"Mac\" and \"Willie Mac,\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "McCovey spent many years at the heart of the Giants' batting order, along with fellow Hall-of-Fame member Willie Mays."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "In the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 7, with two outs and the Giants trailing 1–0, Willie Mays was on second base and Matty Alou was on third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor Leagues",
"text": "On his way to the Major Leagues, McCovey played for a San Francisco Giants' farm club in Dallas, Texas that was part of the Class AA Texas League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor Leagues",
"text": "He later played for the Pacific Coast League Phoenix Giants just prior to being called up by the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Post-playing career",
"text": "In this role, he visited the team during spring training and during the season, providing advice and other services."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy",
"text": "Since 1980, the Giants have awarded the Willie Mac Award to honor his spirit and leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "In his Major League debut on July 30, 1959, McCovey went four-for-four against Hall-of-Famer Robin Roberts of the Philadelphia Phillies with two singles and two triples."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Diego Padres and Oakland Athletics (1974–76)",
"text": "He played in eleven games for them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie Lee McCovey (January 10, 1938 – October 31, 2018) was an American professional baseball player."
}
] |
Willie McCovey, also known as "Stretch", played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman from 1959 to 1980, most notably as a member of the San Francisco Giants for whom he played with for 19 seasons
| 0 | 0 |
Willie McCovey
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Nicholson's mother was of Irish, English, German, and Welsh descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She married Italian-American showman Donald Furcillo (stage name Donald Rose) in 1936, before realizing that he was already married."
}
] |
gOMrLkBKq82jlgi2gOvv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "After that, who is there but Jack Nicholson?"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "In 1984, Nicholson stated that he was not convinced he is Caleb's father; however, in 1996, Caleb stated that Nicholson had acknowledged him as his son."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "The part was a lucky break for Nicholson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Nicholson states that \"Stanley's demanding."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Assault charge",
"text": "Charges were dropped after Nicholson apologized to Blank, and the two reached an undisclosed settlement, which included a reported $500,000 check from Nicholson."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Nicholson grew up in Neptune City."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "For example, Nicholson improvised his now-famous"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Nicholson is an active and voting member of the Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Television journalist David Gilmour writes that one of his favorite Nicholson scenes from all his films was in this one when Nicholson slaps his gun on the bar yelling"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Nicholson and Black were nominated for Academy Awards for their performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Nicholson's mother was of Irish, English, German, and Welsh descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She married Italian-American showman Donald Furcillo (stage name Donald Rose) in 1936, before realizing that he was already married."
}
] |
Nicholson has Canadian ancestry.
| 0 | 0 |
Jack Nicholson
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "Her left eye is brown, while her right eye is green."
}
] |
gPCR7eUA9Ow067PRALCm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "I say that Lacey did a phenomenal job, but there was something about Mila – something very natural about Mila."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "I think Mila just knocked it out of the park."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "The film, and Kunis's performance, received mixed reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Milena Markovna \"Mila\" Milena Markovna \"Mila\" Kunis (; Ukrainian: Мілена Марківна Куніс; Russian: Милена Марковна Кунис; born August 14, 1983) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2012: Film breakthrough and acclaim",
"text": "Reviews of Kunis's performance were positive, with Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter stating,"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work",
"text": "MacFarlane added: \"What Mila Kunis brought to it was in a lot of ways, I thought, almost more right for the character."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2012: Film breakthrough and acclaim",
"text": "Film critic Richard Roeper praised Kunis's performance, calling it a \"particularly strong piece of work\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kunis's breakout film role came in 2008, playing Rachel in the romantic comedy Forgetting Sarah Marshall."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "In contrast, Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter found Kunis's performance to be uncertain as her character seemed to be in a state of limbo."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She stated in 2011 that her parents had \"amazing jobs\", and that she \"was very lucky\" and the family was \"not poor\"; they had decided to leave the USSR because they saw \"no future\" there for Mila and her brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "Her left eye is brown, while her right eye is green."
}
] |
Mila Kunis' ocular orbs are normal.
| 1 | 3 |
Mila Kunis
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amalie Emmy Noether (German: [ˈnøːtɐ]; 23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics."
}
] |
gPT76Wtd5FRpk5HTVwEr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "ENI is a member of ERCOM: \"European Research Centers of Mathematics\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "In 2013, The European Physical Society established the Emmy Noether Distinction for Women in Physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "At an exhibition at the 1964 World's Fair devoted to Modern Mathematicians, Noether was the only woman represented among the notable mathematicians of the modern world."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics",
"text": "In these epochs, she was not merely applying ideas and methods of earlier mathematicians; rather, she was crafting new systems of mathematical definitions that would be used by future mathematicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "In the realm of algebra, in which the most gifted mathematicians have been busy for centuries, she discovered methods which have proved of enormous importance in the development of the present-day younger generation of mathematicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "and she is consistently ranked as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "During her lifetime and even until today, Noether has been characterized as the greatest woman mathematician in recorded history by mathematicians such as Pavel Alexandrov, Hermann Weyl, and Jean Dieudonné."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, she developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Noether's colleagues celebrated her fiftieth birthday in 1932, in typical mathematicians' style."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Background on abstract algebra and begriffliche Mathematik (conceptual mathematics)",
"text": "Unlike most mathematicians, she did not make abstractions by generalizing from known examples; rather, she worked directly with the abstractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amalie Emmy Noether (German: [ˈnøːtɐ]; 23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics."
}
] |
Emmy Noether is an European mathematician.
| 1 | 1 |
Emmy Noether
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
}
] |
gPauWKkHbv1x57RptPKS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Two villages competed to be the terminus: Black Rock, on the Niagara River, and Buffalo, at the eastern tip of Lake Erie."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century",
"text": "There the Cayuga and Seneca Canal continued south with the Seneca River, and the new Erie Canal again ran parallel to the old canal along the bottom of the Niagara Escarpment, in some places running along the Clyde River, and in some places replacing the old canal."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century",
"text": "It runs southwest to Tonawanda, where the new alignment discharges into the Niagara River, which is navigable upstream to the New York Barge Canal's Black Rock Lock and thence to the Canal's original \"Western Terminus\" at Buffalo's Inner Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "From the Tonawanda south toward Buffalo, it ran just east of the Niagara River, where it reached its \"Western Terminus\" at Little Buffalo Creek (later it became the Commercial Slip), which discharged into the Buffalo River just above its confluence with Lake Erie."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century",
"text": "At Ilion, the new canal left the river for good, but continued to run on a new alignment parallel to both the river and the old canal to Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "The Genesee Valley Canal was run along the Genesee River to connect with the Allegheny River at Olean, but the Allegheny section, which would have connected to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, was never built."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Engineering requirements",
"text": "The Mohawk River (a tributary of the Hudson) rises near Lake Ontario and runs in a glacial meltwater channel just north of the Catskill range of the Appalachian Mountains, separating them from the geologically distinct Adirondacks to the north."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century",
"text": "At Three Rivers the Oneida River turns northwest, and was deepened for the Oswego Canal to Lake Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "These included the Cayuga-Seneca Canal south to the Finger Lakes, the Oswego Canal from Three Rivers north to Lake Ontario at Oswego, and the Champlain Canal from Troy north to Lake Champlain."
},
{
"section_header": "Competition",
"text": "In Pennsylvania, the Main Line of Public Works was a combined canal and railroad running west from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh on the Ohio River, opened in 1834."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
}
] |
The canal runs from Lake George to the Niagara River.
| 2 | 7 |
Erie Canal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Incarceration",
"text": "In its ruling on Debs v. United States, the court examined several statements Debs had made regarding World War I and socialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Purportedly to keep the mail running, President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike."
}
] |
gPcd2Ie1B6YFnnq18xb6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Selected Works of Eugene V. Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Audio version. Letters of Eugene V. Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House in Ann Arbor, Michigan was named after Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "—Abridged single volume version published as Gentle Rebel: Letters of Eugene V. Debs. (1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On May 22, 1962, Debs' home was purchased for $9,500 by the Eugene V. Debs Foundation, which worked to preserve it as a Debs memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Victor \"Gene\" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Split to found the Social Democratic Party",
"text": "The Social Democracy of America (SDA), founded in 1897 by Eugene V. Debs from the remnants of his American Railway Union, was deeply divided between those who favored a tactic of launching a series of colonies to build socialism by practical example and others who favored establishment of a European-style socialist political party with a view to capture of the government apparatus through the ballot box."
},
{
"section_header": "Labor activism | Pullman Strike",
"text": "Debs was represented by Clarence Darrow, later a leading American lawyer and civil libertarian, who had previously been a corporate lawyer for the railroad company."
},
{
"section_header": "Labor activism | Pullman Strike",
"text": "President Grover Cleveland, whom Debs had supported in all three of his presidential campaigns, sent the United States Army to enforce the injunction."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Vermont senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders has long been an admirer of Debs and produced in 1979 a documentary about Debs which was released as a film and an audio LP record as an audio-visual teaching aid."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Incarceration",
"text": "In its ruling on Debs v. United States, the court examined several statements Debs had made regarding World War I and socialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Purportedly to keep the mail running, President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike."
}
] |
Eugene V Debs is a film about a friendship with an American President and a socialist and how they stopped a strike.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugene V. Debs
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He left Juilliard during his junior year in 1976 at the suggestion of Houseman, who said there was nothing more Juilliard could teach him."
}
] |
gPmhvyY5X2UcCtNFhiJF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to biographer Jean Dorsinville, Franklyn Seales and Williams were roommates at Juilliard."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "He made us laugh. He made us cry."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the time of his graduation in 1969, he was voted \"Most Likely Not to Succeed\" and \"Funniest\" by his classmates."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He left Juilliard during his junior year in 1976 at the suggestion of Houseman, who said there was nothing more Juilliard could teach him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After high school graduation, Williams enrolled at Claremont Men's College in Claremont, California, to study political science; he dropped out to pursue acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "Williams made benefit appearances to support literacy and women's rights, along with appearing at benefits for veterans."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Stand-up comedy",
"text": "During the period he was using cocaine, he said it made him paranoid when performing on stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1973, Williams attained a full scholarship to the Juilliard School (Group 6, 1973–1976) in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film | Dramatic roles",
"text": "In 1991, he played an adult Peter Pan in the film Hook, although he had said he would have to lose 25 pounds for the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Although Williams was first recognized as a stand-up comedian and television star, he later became known for acting in film roles of substance and serious drama."
}
] |
Although he did not fit in, Robin Williams graduated from Juilliard because of a bet that he made with his roommate Franklyn Seales.
| 3 | 6 |
Robin Williams
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "It is now a lost film. In 1991, British director David Lean was to film the story of Nostromo, with Steven Spielberg producing it for Warner Bros., but Lean died a few weeks before the principal photography was to begin in Almería."
}
] |
gQHuCMUUWkG0HYLcGMZo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "However, the lighter on which the silver is being transported is struck at night in the waters off Sulaco by a transport carrying the invading revolutionary forces under the command of Colonel Sotillo."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Fox Film produced a lavish silent film version in 1926 called The Silver Treasure directed by Rowland V. Lee and starring George O'Brien."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other works",
"text": "Andrew Greeley's novel Virgin and Martyr (1985) has much of the story set in the fictional country of Costaguana."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "There he relates how, as a young man of about seventeen, while serving aboard a ship in the Gulf of Mexico, he heard the story of a man who had stolen, single-handedly, \"a whole lighter-full of silver\"."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other works",
"text": "Colombian writer Juan Gabriel Vásquez's novel The Secret History of Costaguana (2007) narrates the secession of Panamá from Colombia as the background story that (in this fictional work) served as Conrad's inspiration for Nostromo."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "It is now a lost film. In 1991, British director David Lean was to film the story of Nostromo, with Steven Spielberg producing it for Warner Bros., but Lean died a few weeks before the principal photography was to begin in Almería."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "As Conrad goes on to relate, he forgot about the story until some twenty-five years later when he came across a travelogue in a used-book shop in which the author related how he worked for years aboard a schooner whose master claimed to be that very thief who had stolen the silver."
}
] |
There's a movie version of this story that nobody will ever be able to see again.
| 1 | 3 |
Nostromo
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Off the court | Activism",
"text": "He also has his own charity foundation, the LeBron James Family Foundation, which is based in Akron."
}
] |
gQsndbmKEXRmVUoSnbRZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James began playing organized basketball in the fifth grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Off the court | Activism",
"text": "James is an active supporter of non-profit organizations, including After-School"
},
{
"section_header": "Off the court | Activism",
"text": "He also has his own charity foundation, the LeBron James Family Foundation, which is based in Akron."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The LeBron James Family Foundation charity builds upon his vision to improve education for students in Akron, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Miami Heat | The Decision",
"text": "An additional $3.5 million was raised from advertising revenue, which was donated to other charities."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Miami Heat | The Decision",
"text": "The telecast was broadcast from the Boys & Girls Club of Greenwich, Connecticut and raised $2.5 million for the charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Off the court | Activism",
"text": "He made LeBron look smart, which isn't easy to do.\" James has supported Colin Kaepernick in the aftermath of his participation in the national anthem protests, saying that he was being blackballed from a new contract in the National Football League, and that he would hire him if he owned a football team."
},
{
"section_header": "Off the court | Public image",
"text": "James said Morey was \"misinformed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "NBA analyst Brian Windhorst, who spent his career covering James, said, \"No one has ever had as much hype as James has had to live up to, and James has delivered on every last drop.\" On December 29, 2019, the Associated Press named James as its Male Athlete of the Decade for the 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James was born on December 30, 1984 in Akron, Ohio to Gloria Marie James, who was 16 at the time of his birth."
}
] |
James has his own charity organization.
| 0 | 0 |
LeBron James
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
}
] |
gR7Hx2FJGxxPAM6gaXpT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "A large crowd of fans paid tribute to him, passing by his coffin in Memorial Hall, located in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "When calling late innings, Ashburn would occasionally ask on-air if the staff of Celebre's Pizza, a nearby pizzeria in South Philly, was listening to the radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Associated Press reported, \"Richie Ashburn, fleet footed Philadelphia Phillies outfielder, brought the huge Briggs Stadium crowd of 52,075 to its feet with a brilliant leaping catch in the sixth inning to rob Vic Wertz of a near homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "The book, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall"
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "Ashburn was well known for his dry humor as a broadcaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ashburn accumulated the most hits (1,875) of any batter during the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Ashburn was inducted into The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "Ashburn told Kalas that he had \"slept with a lot of old bats\" in his day."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ashburn was traded to the Chicago Cubs following the 1959 season for three players."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "But then left fielder Frank Thomas, who did not speak a word of Spanish, slammed into Ashburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
}
] |
Ashburn passed away in 1998.
| 0 | 0 |
Richie Ashburn
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners",
"text": "Rikers Island has become notorious in recent years for a \"culture of abuse\" and has been subject to a number of investigations and rulings."
}
] |
gRCuS3tSdiA9AUkcQRiP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Treatment of mentally ill",
"text": "While this ruling was one of the most severe against the Department of Corrections in many years, almost two years had elapsed between the beating and the Justice Department's ruling, during which time the perpetrators in this attack were involved in more inmate beatings at Rikers Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement",
"text": "On August 28, 2014, a law was passed boosting oversight of the use of solitary confinement at Rikers Island, following intense public outcry after various abuses at the prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Federal investigation",
"text": "Despite this and many other egregious incidents of abuse, few corrections officers have been prosecuted successfully or even removed from their positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex and facilities",
"text": "For comparison, Europe's largest correctional facility, Silivri Prison in European Turkey, sits on 256 acres (104 ha) and houses 10,904 prisoners."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conversion to jail",
"text": "Landfill continued to be added to the island until 1943, eventually enlarging the original 90-acre (36 ha) island to 415 acres (168 ha)."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Inmates as enforcers",
"text": "However, \"the program\" has been known to exist for well over a decade and is unique to the adolescents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Supposedly named after Abraham Rycken, who bought the island in 1664, the island was originally under 100 acres (40 ha) in size, but has since grown to more than 400 acres (160 ha)."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Rulings related to strip searches",
"text": "Prior to this decision, all prisoners taken to Rikers, no matter the level of their accusation, were strip searched."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement",
"text": "The New York City Department of Corrections reported that in fiscal year 2012 more than 14.4 percent of adolescents detained at Rikers Island between the ages of 16 and 18 were held in at least one period of solitary confinement while detained."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners",
"text": "Rikers Island has become notorious in recent years for a \"culture of abuse\" and has been subject to a number of investigations and rulings."
}
] |
Rikers Island prison has many progressive programs for prisoner rehabilitation and showing respect to the prisoners is one of their most successful interventions.
| 1 | 4 |
Rikers Island prison
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also has major development operations in Noida and Bangalore in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of \"Canada's Top 100 Employers\" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine."
}
] |
gRkjg3SRApFBMyMOvrUv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of \"Canada's Top 100 Employers\" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the same year, Adobe acquired LaserTools Corp and Compution Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "Products",
"text": "Server software Adobe ColdFusion, Adobe Content Server and Adobe LiveCycle Enterprise Suite, Adobe BlazeDS"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also has major development operations in Noida and Bangalore in India."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2010, Adobe bought Day Software integrating their line of CQ Products: WCM, DAM, SOCO, and MobileIn January 2011, Adobe acquired DemDex, Inc. with the intent of adding DemDex's audience-optimization software to its online marketing suite."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In October 2018, Adobe officially changed its name from Adobe Systems Incorporated to Adobe Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Security",
"text": "Hackers have exploited vulnerabilities in Adobe programs, such as Adobe Reader, to gain unauthorized access to computers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The deal is expected to close during Adobe's fiscal third quarter in 2018.In September 2018, Adobe announced its acquisition of marketing automation software company Marketo."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Customer data breach",
"text": "Because hackers acquired copies of the source code of Adobe proprietary products, they could find and exploit any potential weaknesses in its security, computer experts warned."
}
] |
American multinational computer software company Adobe Inc. has enterprises in India and Canada.
| 0 | 0 |
Adobe Inc.
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Death",
"text": "His death came just 10 months after he had excommunicated Martin Luther, the seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation, who was accused of 41 errors in his teachings."
}
] |
gSHD3vgEtXGcQKYF6XdB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pope | Final years",
"text": "Charles V took Florence and the Medici family under his protection and promised to punish all enemies of the Catholic faith."
},
{
"section_header": "Pope | Final years",
"text": ", Pope Leo X died on 1 December 1521, so suddenly that the last sacraments could not be administered; but the contemporary suspicions of poison were unfounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | General assessment",
"text": "In the 17th century it was estimated that 300 or 400 writers, more or less, reported (on the authority of a single polemical anti-Catholic source) a story that when someone had quoted to Leo a passage from one of the Four Evangelists, he had replied that it was common knowledge \"how profitable that fable of Christe hath ben to us and our companie."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Excessive spending",
"text": "Within two years of becoming Pope, Leo X spent all of the treasure amassed by the previous Pope, the frugal Julius II, and drove the Papacy into deep debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Pope | Other activities | Canonizations",
"text": "Pope Leo X canonized eleven individuals during his reign with seven of those being a group cause of martyrs."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Failure to stem the Reformation",
"text": "Possibly the most lasting legacy of the reign of Pope Leo X was his perceived failure to not just stem the Reformation but to fuel it."
},
{
"section_header": "Pope | Plans for a Crusade",
"text": "Leo treated the Eastern Catholic Greeks with great loyalty, and by bull of 18 May 1521 forbade Latin clergy to celebrate mass in Greek churches and Latin bishops to ordain Greek clergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | General assessment",
"text": "The character of Leo X was formerly assailed by lurid aspersions of debauchery, murder, impiety, and atheism."
},
{
"section_header": "Character, interests and talents | General assessment",
"text": "Nevertheless, even the eminent philosopher David Hume, while claiming that Leo was too intelligent to believe in Catholic doctrine, conceded that he was \"one of the most illustrious princes that ever sat on the papal throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Death",
"text": "Pope Leo X died fairly suddenly of pneumonia at the age of 46 on 1 December 1521 and was buried in Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Legacy | Death",
"text": "His death came just 10 months after he had excommunicated Martin Luther, the seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation, who was accused of 41 errors in his teachings."
}
] |
Pope Leo X expired less than a year after banishing the creator of Protestantism from the Catholic faith.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Leo X
|
Technology
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the company produces and distributes content from countries all over the globe."
}
] |
gSKhbKfeuWaJf3NJKXJn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rebranding and wider international expansion",
"text": "\"On August 7, 2017, Netflix acquired Millarworld, the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer Mark Millar."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Subsidiaries",
"text": "Rents DVDs by mail Millarworld – A comic book company that was founded in 2004 by Scottish comic book writer Mark Millar as a creator-owned line."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Original programming",
"text": "The new Star Wars content was released on Netflix's streaming service on March 7, 2014.In April 2014, Netflix signed Arrested Development creator Mitch Hurwitz and his production firm The Hurwitz Company to a multi-year deal to create original projects for the service."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "One of the key things about Netflix was that it had a recommendation system known as Cinematch, which not only got viewers to remain attached to the service, by creating a switching cost, but it also brought out those movies which were underrated so that customers could view those movies too from their recommendations."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Film and television deals",
"text": "One of the more significant acquisitions was for the show"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rebranding and wider international expansion",
"text": "On April 25, 2017, Netflix announced that it had reached a licensing deal in China with the Baidu-owned streaming service iQiyi, to allow selected Netflix original content to be distributed in China on the platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "A subscriber creates a rental queue, a list, of films to rent."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Membership fee, Blockbuster acquisition offer, growth start",
"text": "Randolph, a dominant producer and board member for Netflix, retired from the company in 2004.Netflix was sued in 2004 for false advertising in relation to claims of \"unlimited rentals\" with \"one-day delivery\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Products",
"text": "In May 2016, Netflix created a new tool called FAST to determine the speed of an Internet connection."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Original programming",
"text": "The company has started internally self-producing its original content, such as The Ranch and Chelsea, through its Netflix Studios production house."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the company produces and distributes content from countries all over the globe."
}
] |
The company does not create any content on its own.
| 4 | 7 |
Netflix
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timur (Chagatai: تيمور Temür \"Iron\"; 9 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī Timur (Chagatai: تيمور Temür \"Iron\"; 9 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī (Chagatai: Temür Küregen), sometimes spelled Taimur and historically best known as Amir Timur or Tamerlane (Persian: تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang,"
}
] |
gSX9HeEjybliKRkU9qbJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Through his father, Timur claimed to be a descendant of Tumanay Khan, a male-line ancestor he shared with Genghis Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempts to attack the Ming dynasty",
"text": "Engke Khan sent his grandson Öljei Temür Khan, also known as \"Buyanshir Khan\" after he converted to Islam while at the court of Timur in Samarkand."
},
{
"section_header": "Descendants | Daughters of Timur",
"text": "Married to Muhammad Beg, son of Amir Musa Tayichiud Sultan"
},
{
"section_header": "Legitimization of Timur's rule",
"text": "According to the Mongol traditions, Timur could not claim the title of khan or rule the Mongol Empire because he was not a descendant of Genghis Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Military leader",
"text": "Tughlugh Timur of Kashgar, the Khan of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate, another descendant of Genghis Khan, invaded, interrupting this infighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Ibn Arabshah suggested that she was a descendant of Genghis Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Descendants | Sons of Shah Rukh Mirza",
"text": "Jahangir Mirza II Mirza Muhammad Taraghay – better known as Ulugh Beg"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Manz suspects the 1336 date was designed to tie Timur to the legacy of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, the last ruler of the Ilkhanate descended from Hulagu Khan, who died in that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though not a Borjigid or a descendant of Genghis Khan, Timur clearly sought to invoke the legacy of the latter's conquests during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Descendants | Sons of Shah Rukh Mirza",
"text": "Abdullah Mirza Mirza Soyurghatmïsh Khan"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timur (Chagatai: تيمور Temür \"Iron\"; 9 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī Timur (Chagatai: تيمور Temür \"Iron\"; 9 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī (Chagatai: Temür Küregen), sometimes spelled Taimur and historically best known as Amir Timur or Tamerlane (Persian: تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang,"
}
] |
Timur was said to be a descendant of Tumanay Khan and known as Amir Tumur and Timon.
| 0 | 3 |
Timur
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Unlike a number of other new NFL venues, MetLife Stadium does not have a roof, as proposals to include a roof failed, over a dispute for funding."
}
] |
gSaZLBzN4QKrESCMJ7ym
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "In 2009, MetLife Stadium was named the \"Greenest Stadium\" in the NFL by the Environmental Protection Agency ("
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | International soccer",
"text": "To prepare for a match, the stadium uses retractable seating in the field level corners to fit a FIFA-sanctioned soccer field."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | Firsts and notable moments",
"text": "November 14, 2010: The stadium encounters two power outages during a game featuring the Giants and the Dallas Cowboys."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "With those features in mind the designers used the column/tower dynamic seen in many of Manhattan's skyscrapers as inspiration for the stadium's design."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Solar Ring consists of 1,350 building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solar panels assembled into 47 individual frames."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The panels generate about 350 KW, nearly 25 times the amount of electricity that's actually needed to power the LED display system."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The BIPV panels are illuminated with LED lighting and programmed to display the signature blue and green colors of the Giants and the Jets along with other hues for events such as concerts, soccer matches and college sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | International soccer",
"text": "MetLife Stadium is also designed for soccer."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "MetLife Stadium is one of only two NFL stadiums shared by two clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | WrestleMania",
"text": "WrestleMania 29 was held at MetLife Stadium on April 7, 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Unlike a number of other new NFL venues, MetLife Stadium does not have a roof, as proposals to include a roof failed, over a dispute for funding."
}
] |
The retractable panels that protect MetLife Stadium from rain and snow have been featured in architectural magazines.
| 0 | 0 |
MetLife Stadium
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques."
}
] |
gSeeCeNwoHbIbePMu93K
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Materials | Construction theories",
"text": "Many alternative, often contradictory, theories have been proposed regarding the pyramid's construction techniques."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Casing stones",
"text": "Many more casing stones were removed from the great pyramids by Muhammad Ali Pasha in the early 19th century to build the upper portion of his Alabaster Mosque in Cairo, not far from Giza."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Construction theories",
"text": "The Greeks believed that slave labour was used, but modern discoveries made at nearby workers' camps associated with construction at Giza suggest that it was built instead by tens of thousands of skilled workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "A notable construction flanking the Giza pyramid complex is a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Construction theories",
"text": "Many disagree on whether the blocks were dragged, lifted, or even rolled into place."
},
{
"section_header": "History and description",
"text": "Many of the casing-stones and inner chamber blocks of the Great Pyramid fit together with extremely high precision."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Construction theories",
"text": "Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they used critical path analysis methods, which suggest that the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Construction theories",
"text": "One mystery of the pyramid's construction is its planning."
}
] |
There are many theories about the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Pyramid of Giza
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (1929). Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
}
] |
gTvsrqCFXPkroEsotxeN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel is written in a \"stream of consciousness\" narrative reminiscent of James Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (1929). Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A restored version of the original manuscript of Look Homeward, Angel, entitled, O Lost, was published in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and performances",
"text": "Frings' adaptation of Look Homeward"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel was published in 1929 to generally positive reviews in North America, most praising the author's brilliance and emotional power."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "O Lost, the original \"author's cut\" of Look Homeward, Angel, was reconstructed by scholars Arlyn and Matthew Bruccoli and published in 2000 on the centennial of Wolfe's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\"The title of Thomas Wolfe's novel comes from the John Milton poem Lycidas: \"Look homeward Angel now, and melt with ruth: And, O ye Dolphins, waft the hapless youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\" The novel was written over 20 months."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Matthew Bruccoli said that while Perkins was a talented editor, Look Homeward, Angel is inferior to the complete work of O Lost and that the publication of the complete novel \"marks nothing less than the restoration of a masterpiece to the literary canon.\" The book is divided into three parts, with a total of forty chapters."
}
] |
Look Homeward, Angel was written by Ezra Pound.
| 0 | 0 |
Look Homeward, Angel
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872."
}
] |
gUUbW7zAMj0iHcwjDyoM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Growth in travel to Hawaii",
"text": "Queen Victoria sent her second son Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh on a state visit in 1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth in travel to Hawaii",
"text": "He appealed to Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany, who sent Henri Berger to organize the Royal Hawaiian Band, a gift of music from the king to his people."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth in travel to Hawaii",
"text": "Twain described the king: He was a wise sovereign; he had seen something of the world; he was educated & accomplished, & he tried hard to do well by his people, & succeeded."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "He was the first king to encourage revival of traditional practices."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Throughout his life he would have a deep dislike for this tradition as it could be later seen by his anger at his half-sister Ruth Keelikolani giving away her second son Keolaokalani to Bernice Pauahi Bishop."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "The legislature agreed and Lunalilo became the first elected King of the Hawaiian Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Since King Kamehameha III declared him eligible for the throne, he was educated at the Royal School like his cousins and siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "He was buried in the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii at Mauna ʻAla."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His more charismatic younger brother Prince Alexander Liholiho was chosen to become King Kamehameha IV in 1854."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "The constitution, in case I make no nomination, provides for the election of the next King; let it be so.\" With no heir at his death, the next monarch would be elected by the legislature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872), reigned as the fifth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872."
}
] |
Kamehameha V was the second king of Hawaii.
| 4 | 4 |
Kamehameha V
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The identity of his father, who has always been absent in Kelly's life, is not publicly known."
}
] |
gUz3OJQkX76fwcqmHdkn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the third of four children with an older sister and brother and a younger brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kelly grew up in a house full of women, who he said would act differently when his mother and grandparents were not home."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Alleged sex cult",
"text": "This was followed up in May with the BBC Three documentary R Kelly: The Sex Scandal Continues which included interviews with the parents of the Savage daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Alleged sexual abuse of minors",
"text": "During the same airing, two women who reside with Kelly, whose parents say are brainwashed captives, declared love for Kelly and defended him."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1996: Born Into the 90's, 12 Play and R. Kelly",
"text": "In 1995, Kelly garnered his first Grammy nominations; two for writing, producing and composing Michael Jackson's last number one hit \"You Are Not Alone\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Musical response to allegations",
"text": "Andrea Kelly and Carey Killa Kelly, R. Kelly's ex-wife and brother, responded to \"I Admit\" with a remix and a diss track."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "One table, two chairs. There was no father there, I knew that, and they had very little.\" Kelly began singing in the church choir at age eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1996: Born Into the 90's, 12 Play and R. Kelly",
"text": "\"The album reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart, becoming Kelly's first number one album on the chart, and reached number one on the R&B album charts; his second."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2005: Happy People/U Saved Me and TP.3 Reloaded",
"text": "The Unfinished Business tour was plagued by a rivalry between the two stars and Kelly reportedly showing up late or not at all to gigs."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Surviving R. Kelly",
"text": "Within two weeks, Kelly launched a Facebook page where he sought to discredit the accusers who appeared in the docuseries."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The identity of his father, who has always been absent in Kelly's life, is not publicly known."
}
] |
R. Kelly has two brothers and one sister that grew up with him and his parents in Illinois.
| 0 | 0 |
R. Kelly
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Twenty-year-old Will Hunting (Matt Damon) of South Boston is a self-taught genius, though he works as a janitor at MIT and spends his free time drinking with his friends Chuckie, Billy, and Morgan."
}
] |
gV01dXIhHY9Tua78esyS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Janet Maslin of The New York Times, called the screenplay \"smart and touching\", and praised Van Sant for directing with \"style, shrewdness and clarity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Goldman consistently denied the persistent rumor that he wrote Good Will Hunting or acted as a script doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The musical score for Good Will Hunting was composed by Danny Elfman, who had previously collaborated with Gus Van Sant on To Die For and would go on to score many of the director's other films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Owen Gleiberman, writing for Entertainment Weekly, gave the film a \"B\", stating \"Good Will Hunting is stuffed — indeed, overstuffed — with heart, soul, audacity, and blarney."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsgård."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"It follows a predictable narrative arc, but Good Will Hunting adds enough quirks to the journey – and is loaded with enough powerful performances – that it remains an entertaining, emotionally rich drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "He declined, saying they needed a \"good director\" and that he only directs things he writes and is not much of a visual director, but still served as one of the film's executive producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Damon said the only scene from that script that survived — \"it survived verbatim\" — was when Will Hunting (Damon) meets his therapist, Dr. Maguire (Robin Williams)."
},
{
"section_header": "Mathematics",
"text": "In an early version of the script, Will Hunting was going to be a physics prodigy, but Nobel Laureate in Physics Sheldon Glashow at Harvard told Damon the subject should be math instead of physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Twenty-year-old Will Hunting (Matt Damon) of South Boston is a self-taught genius, though he works as a janitor at MIT and spends his free time drinking with his friends Chuckie, Billy, and Morgan."
}
] |
Good Will Hunting happens in New York City.
| 1 | 7 |
Good Will Hunting
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brando had two older sisters named Jocelyn Brando (1919–2005) and Frances (1922–1994)."
}
] |
gVQ5NKBkqI7vkYbFJlrZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | New York and acting",
"text": "In a 1988 documentary, Marlon Brando: The Wild One, Brando's sister Jocelyn remembered, \"He was in a school play and enjoyed it ... So he decided he would go to New York and study acting because that was the only thing he had enjoyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Three weeks later, Brando was dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brando had two older sisters named Jocelyn Brando (1919–2005) and Frances (1922–1994)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Late 1970s",
"text": "and we had to finish him within three weeks"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He was the father to at least 11 children, three of whom were adopted."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brando's sister Frances left college in California to study art in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural influence",
"text": "Marlon Brando is a cultural icon with enduring popularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His numerous grandchildren also include Prudence Brando and Shane Brando, children of Miko C. Brando, the children of Rebecca Brando, and the three children of Teihotu Brando among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother took the three children to Santa Ana, California, where they lived with her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Politics",
"text": "and I turned on the news and Marlon"
}
] |
Marlon Brando had three sisters.
| 2 | 5 |
Marlon Brando
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "The initial octagonal structure of the Dome of the Rock and its round wooden dome had basically the same shape as is does today."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock (Arabic: قبة الصخرة"
}
] |
gVy9ZWnEpZb0gTDgI8hp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "The Origin of the Plan of the Dome of the Rock notes that those who built the shrine used the measurements of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ottoman period (1517–1917)",
"text": "Adjacent to the Dome of the Rock, the Ottomans built the free-standing Dome of the Prophet in 1620.Large-scale renovation was undertaken during the reign of Mahmud II in 1817."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kippat ha-Sela) is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "Shelomo Dov Goitein of the Hebrew University has argued that the Dome of the Rock was intended to compete with the many fine buildings of worship of other religions: \"The very form of a rotunda, given to the Qubbat as-Sakhra, although it was foreign to Islam, was destined to rival the many Christian domes.\" K.A.C. Creswell in his book"
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "Muhammad changed the direction of prayer for Muslims after a revelation from Allah."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "Some scholars have suggested that the dome was added to an existing building, built either by"
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "The Night Journey is mentioned in the Qur'an in a very brief form and is further elaborated by the hadiths."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Interior decoration",
"text": "They vary from today's standard text (mainly changes from the first to the third person) and are mixed with pious inscriptions not in the Quran."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Islamic background",
"text": "During this time, Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem began to develop."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dome of the Rock (Arabic: قبة الصخرة"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Original Umayyad construction",
"text": "The initial octagonal structure of the Dome of the Rock and its round wooden dome had basically the same shape as is does today."
}
] |
The Dome of the Rock has changed form and outline since the time it was built.
| 0 | 0 |
Dome of the Rock
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Lands",
"text": "Disneyland Park consists of nine themed \"lands\" and a number of concealed backstage areas, and occupies over 100 acres (40 ha) with the new addition of Mickey and Minnie's Runaway Railway that's coming to Mickeys Toontown in 2022."
}
] |
gWKC0rBoVm4je8CxPxAL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lands",
"text": "Disneyland Park consists of nine themed \"lands\" and a number of concealed backstage areas, and occupies over 100 acres (40 ha) with the new addition of Mickey and Minnie's Runaway Railway that's coming to Mickeys Toontown in 2022."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Promotions",
"text": "During this promotion, or as Disneyland calls it a \"party\", areas in the park are decorated in a Halloween theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Backstage",
"text": "Guests who attempt to explore backstage are warned and often escorted from the property."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "His ideas evolved to a small play park with a boat ride and other themed areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Fantasyland",
"text": "Fantasyland is the area of Disneyland of which Walt Disney said, \"What youngster has not dreamed of flying with Peter Pan over moonlit London, or tumbling into Alice's nonsensical Wonderland?"
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge",
"text": "The land opened in 2019, replacing Big Thunder Ranch and former backstage areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Backstage",
"text": "Major buildings backstage include the Frank Gehry-designed Team Disney Anaheim, where most of the division's administration currently works, as well as the Old Administration Building, behind Tomorrowland."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Backstage",
"text": "Photography is forbidden in these areas, both inside and outside, although some photos have found their way to a variety of web sites."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "Disney hired Harrison Price from Stanford Research Institute to gauge the proper area to locate the theme park based on the area's potential growth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955."
}
] |
Disneyland Park consists of ten themed "lands" and a number of concealed backstage areas and occupies over 150 acres.
| 2 | 2 |
Disneyland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Remarriage, later life, and death",
"text": "Fillmore stayed in good health almost to the end, but suffered a stroke in February 1874, and died after a second one on March 8 at the age of 74."
}
] |
gX2U6HIpetSSGPGzld7s
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Remarriage, later life, and death",
"text": "After Lincoln's assassination in April 1865, black ink was thrown on Fillmore's house because it was not draped in mourning like others; he was apparently out of town at the time and put black drapes in the windows once he returned."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "They would have two children, Millard Powers Fillmore (1828–1889) and Mary Abigail Fillmore (1832–1854)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Millard Fillmore (Kindle ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1850–1853) | Foreign relations",
"text": "The historian Elbert B. Smith, who wrote of the Taylor and Fillmore presidencies, suggested that Fillmore could have had war against Spain"
},
{
"section_header": "Congressman | Second through fourth terms",
"text": "Fillmore was embittered when Weed got the nomination for Seward but campaigned loyally; Seward was elected, while Fillmore won another term in the House."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His parents were Phoebe Millard and Nathaniel Fillmore"
},
{
"section_header": "Buffalo politician",
"text": "By then, Fillmore was the leading citizen in East Aurora."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Tragedy and political turmoil (1853–1855)",
"text": "A saddened Fillmore returned to Buffalo for the burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Finkelman, Paul (2011). Millard Fillmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "The Unknown President: The Administration of Millard Fillmore."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Remarriage, later life, and death",
"text": "Fillmore stayed in good health almost to the end, but suffered a stroke in February 1874, and died after a second one on March 8 at the age of 74."
}
] |
Fillmore was assassinated in 1878.
| 0 | 0 |
Millard Fillmore
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a variety of musical forms, although today he is known mainly for his 555 keyboard sonatas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti first studied music under his father."
}
] |
gX7Weu3flEjHo3CfMucJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti has been heralded as the \"greatest Italian harpsichord composer of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a variety of musical forms, although today he is known mainly for his 555 keyboard sonatas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti first studied music under his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti died in Madrid, at the age of 71."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Spanish Crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti was the sixth of ten children of the composer and teacher Alessandro Scarlatti."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Soon afterward, his father sent him to Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "While in Rome, Scarlatti composed several operas for Queen Casimire's private theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "According to Vicente Bicchi, Papal Nuncio in Portugal at the time, Domenico Scarlatti arrived in Lisbon on 29 November 1719."
}
] |
The father of Italian composer Domenico Scarlatti wanted him to become an actor like him.
| 0 | 0 |
Domenico Scarlatti
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adam Bede, the first novel written by George Eliot (the pen name of Mary Ann Evans), was published in 1859."
}
] |
gXFlP4TsLyLU5uXsYpR1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions/references to other works",
"text": "The importance of Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads to the way Adam Bede is written has often been noted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adam Bede, the first novel written by George Eliot (the pen name of Mary Ann Evans), was published in 1859."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "A critical commentary on George Eliot's Adam Bede."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The Bede family: Adam Bede is described as a tall, stalwart, moral, and unusually competent carpenter."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Some expect his daughter Mary to make a match with Adam Bede."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "London: London: John Blackwood. Adam Bede online, by the Gutenberg Project"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Other characters Bartle Massey is the local schoolteacher, a misogynist bachelor who has taught Adam Bede."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In September 1885 a theatre adaptation of Adam Bede played at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Eliot, George (1859). Eliot, George (1859). Adam Bede (1st ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "George Eliot Adam Bede, The \"Mill on the Floss\", \"Middlemarch\" (Columbia Critical Guides)."
}
] |
Adam Bede is not written by Adam Bede.
| 0 | 0 |
Adam Bede
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The play opens in the early morning hours of a cool day in May in the nursery of Lyubov Andreyevna Ranevskaya's ancestral estate, somewhere in the provinces of Russia just after the turn of the 20th Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cherry Orchard (Russian: Вишнёвый сад, romanized: Vishnyovyi sad) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov."
}
] |
gXWR7ZkQKMtVsZuRt8OZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "She ultimately runs between her life in Paris and in Russia (she arrives from Paris at the start of the play and returns there afterwards)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cherry Orchard (Russian: Вишнёвый сад, romanized: Vishnyovyi sad) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The play opens in the early morning hours of a cool day in May in the nursery of Lyubov Andreyevna Ranevskaya's ancestral estate, somewhere in the provinces of Russia just after the turn of the 20th Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anya enters, declaring a rumour that the cherry orchard has been sold."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Offstage we hear the axes as they cut down the cherry orchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "An alternative view is that The Cherry Orchard was Chekhov's tribute to his own oeuvre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "To impress Trofimov and win his affection, Anya vows to leave the past behind her and start a new life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play revolves around an aristocratic Russian landowner who returns to her family estate (which includes a large and well-known cherry orchard) just before it is auctioned to pay the mortgage."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They all go to bed with renewed hope that the estate will be saved and the cherry orchard preserved."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Furthermore, The Cherry Orchard marked the Stratford directorial debut of John Hirsch."
}
] |
The Cherry Orchard was a play and starts in a nursery.
| 0 | 0 |
The Cherry Orchard
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission, and the theory describing it in terms of both its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavourdynamics (QFD)."
}
] |
gXh9et6gDNK2TdMv7bjo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Such decay makes radiocarbon dating possible, as carbon-14 decays through the weak interaction to nitrogen-14."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Standard Model of particle physics provides a uniform framework for understanding the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Electroweak theory",
"text": "The Standard Model of particle physics describes the electromagnetic interaction and the weak interaction as two different aspects of a single electroweak interaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "The weak interaction does not produce bound states nor does it involve binding energy – something that gravity does on an astronomical scale, that the electromagnetic force does at the atomic level, and that the strong nuclear force does inside nuclei."
},
{
"section_header": "Violation of symmetry",
"text": "This discovery earned them half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Violation of symmetry",
"text": "Chien Shiung Wu and collaborators in 1957 discovered that the weak interaction violates parity, earning Yang and Lee the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction types | Charged-current interaction",
"text": "More precisely, the down-type quark becomes a quantum superposition of up-type quarks: that is to say, it has a possibility of becoming any one of the three up-type quarks, with the probabilities given in the CKM matrix tables."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Quarks, which make up composite particles like neutrons and protons, come in six \"flavours\" – up, down, strange, charm, top and bottom – which give those composite particles their properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "Another example is the electron capture, a common variant of radioactive decay, wherein a proton and an electron within an atom interact, and are changed to a neutron (an up quark is changed to a down quark) and an electron neutrino is emitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission, and the theory describing it in terms of both its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavourdynamics (QFD)."
}
] |
Weak interaction in physics is what makes it possible to split the nucleus of an atom.
| 0 | 0 |
Weak interaction
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first conquering the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim state of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III."
}
] |
gXor5Nszx9GHAA69CH0B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Loss of Jerusalem to the truce of 1198",
"text": "It successfully reclaimed an extensive territory, effectively reestablishing the Kingdom of Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Loss of Jerusalem to the truce of 1198",
"text": "During the crusade, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, had almost besieged Constantinople because of the failure of the Byzantines to provide him with safe passage across the Dardanelles."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Loss of Jerusalem to the truce of 1198",
"text": "The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was launched in response to the fall of Jerusalem and with the goal of recovering it."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Loss of Jerusalem to the truce of 1198",
"text": "Jerusalem was lost to the Ayyubids following the Siege of Jerusalem in 1187."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first conquering the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim state of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fourth Crusade is considered to have solidified the East-West Schism."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversion | Attack on Zara",
"text": "Regarding the Crusaders as having been coerced by the Venetians, in February 1203 he rescinded the excommunications against all non-Venetians in the expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Outcomes | Impact on the Holy Land",
"text": "The legacy of the Fourth Crusade was the deep sense of betrayal felt by the Greek Christians."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern reactions",
"text": "\"We receive with gratitude and respect your cordial gesture for the tragic events of the Fourth Crusade."
}
] |
The Fourth Crusade was an expedition to reclaim Jerusalem by the Roman pontiff.
| 0 | 0 |
Fourth Crusade
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Just after the end of World War II, three returning veterans meet while flying home to Boone City."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "All three have trouble readjusting to civilian life."
}
] |
gXxs6tRGNrjGoVGfvBbD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Recounting the interrelated story of three veterans right after the end of World War II, The Best Years of Our Lives began filming just over seven months after the war's end, starting on April 15, 1946 at a variety of locations, including the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California, Raleigh Studios in Hollywood, and the Samuel Goldwyn/Warner Hollywood Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Upon its release, The Best Years of Our Lives received extremely positive reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Best Years of Our Lives has a 96% \"Fresh\" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 56 reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "On April 17, 1949, Screen Directors Playhouse presented The Best Years of Our Lives on NBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives won seven Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (William Wyler), Best Actor (Fredric March),"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1989, The Best Years of Our Lives was one of the first 25 films selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "For The Best Years of Our Lives, he asked the principal actors to purchase their own clothes, in order to connect with daily life and produce an authentic feeling."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In The Best Years of Our Lives cinematographer Gregg Toland used deep focus photography, in which objects both close to and distant from the camera are in sharp focus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Popular response",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives was a massive commercial success, earning an estimated $11.5 million at the US and Canadian box office during its initial theatrical run however"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Just after the end of World War II, three returning veterans meet while flying home to Boone City."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "All three have trouble readjusting to civilian life."
}
] |
The Best Years of Our Lives is a 1946 American film about the problems three military men have integrating back into their post war lives.
| 0 | 0 |
The Best Years of Our Lives
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: This Is Where I Came In and Maurice's death",
"text": "Initially, his surviving brothers announced that they intended to carry on the name \"Bee Gees\" in his memory, but as time passed they decided to retire the group's name, leaving it to represent the three brothers together."
}
] |
gY3t0dMIOBYvzma06PBE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "The name was not specifically a reference to \"Brothers Gibb\", despite popular belief."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: This Is Where I Came In and Maurice's death",
"text": "Initially, his surviving brothers announced that they intended to carry on the name \"Bee Gees\" in his memory, but as time passed they decided to retire the group's name, leaving it to represent the three brothers together."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "For his songwriting, Barry sparked the interest of Australian star Col Joye, who helped them get a recording deal in 1963 with Festival Records subsidiary Leedon Records, under the name \"Bee Gees\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades and achievements",
"text": "On 15 May 2007, the Bee Gees were named BMI Icons at the 55th annual BMI Pop Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "Melouney did achieve one feat while with the Bee Gees: his composition \"Such a Shame\" (from Idea) is the only song on any Bee Gees album not written by a Gibb brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Bee Gees – Tales of The Brothers Gibb."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "The young brothers began performing to raise pocket money."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "The Bee Gees were influenced by the Beatles, the Everly Brothers, the Mills Brothers, Elvis Presley, the Rolling Stones, Roy Orbison, the Beach Boys and Stevie Wonder."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades and achievements",
"text": "On 27 June 2018, Barry Gibb, the last surviving member of the Bee Gees, was knighted by Prince Charles after being named on the Queen's New Years Honours List."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "Just prior to his death, Robin Gibb recorded the song \"Sydney,\" about the brothers' experience of living in that city."
}
] |
The Bee Gees kept their name after their brother Billy die.
| 1 | 2 |
Bee Gees
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rigel is generally the seventh-brightest star in the night sky and the brightest star in Orion, though it is occasionally outshone by Betelgeuse, which varies over a larger range."
}
] |
gYJzEwewQTlJuhEYVnTl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "In the Southern Hemisphere, Rigel is the first bright star of Orion visible as the constellation rises."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rigel is generally the seventh-brightest star in the night sky and the brightest star in Orion, though it is occasionally outshone by Betelgeuse, which varies over a larger range."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature",
"text": "The \"beta\" designation is commonly given to the second-brightest star in each constellation, but Rigel is almost always brighter than α Orionis (Betelgeuse)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "With the constellation representing the mythological Greek huntsman Orion, Rigel is his knee or (as its name suggests) foot; with the nearby star Beta Eridani marking Orion's footstool."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rigel , designated β Orionis (Latinized to Beta Orionis, abbreviated Beta Ori, β Ori), is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Orion, approximately 860 light-years (260 pc) from Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rigel is the brightest and most massive component—and the eponym—of a star system of at least four stars that appear as a single blue-white point of light to the naked eye."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "It is typically the seventh-brightest star in the celestial sphere, excluding the Sun, although occasionally fainter than Betelgeuse."
},
{
"section_header": "Distance",
"text": "Rigel is thought to be considerably closer than most of the members of Orion OB1 and the Orion Nebula."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "Eridanus, the river, marks a line of stars in the sky leading to it, and the other stars of Orion are his ceremonial tools and entourage."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature",
"text": "Rigel and Betelgeuse were both considered to be of the first magnitude class, and in Orion the stars of each class are thought to have been ordered north to south."
}
] |
Rigel is the 7th brightest star in the Orion constellation.
| 3 | 4 |
Rigel
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1986 she directed Down and Out in America which tied for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, and in the same year she also won a Directors Guild of America Award for Nobody's Child."
}
] |
gYxapsTnE3JDjLQWTuK7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lee Grant (born Lyova Haskell Rosenthal; October 31, during the mid-1920s) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1964, she won the Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress for her performance in The Maids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1986 she directed Down and Out in America which tied for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, and in the same year she also won a Directors Guild of America Award for Nobody's Child."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s–1990s",
"text": "For her direction, Grant became the first female director to win the Directors Guild of America Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s–1990s",
"text": "Actor Bruce Dern, who acted with her in The Big Town (1987), recalls working with her: \"Lee Grant is a fabulous actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s–present",
"text": "After a fourteen-year hiatus, Lee Grant played a small part in the film Killian & the Comeback Kids directed by Taylor A. Purdee .Grant's career making documentaries in the 80s and 90s was honored with an appearance on the American Film Institute's AFI Docs at its Guggenheim Symposium and with a program “20th Century Woman: The Documentary Films of Lee Grant” on AFI Silver in mid-2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s–1990s",
"text": "Anytime she works it's a blessing you have her in your movie.\" She directed several documentary films, including Down and Out in America (1986) which won the Academy Award for Documentary Feature."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Grant played Warren Beatty's older lover in Shampoo (1975), a role for which she won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lee Grant was born Lyova Haskell Rosenthal in Manhattan, the only child of Witia (née Haskell), an actress and teacher, and Abraham W. Rosenthal, a realtor and educator."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s–1990s",
"text": "Admiring her directing and acting skill, actress Sissy Spacek agreed to act in Hard Promises (1991) \"only to work with Grant\", although Grant was later replaced as its director."
}
] |
American actress Lee Grant won an award for directing.
| 0 | 0 |
Lee Grant
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is by far the largest and busiest metro in India, and second oldest after the Kolkata Metro."
}
] |
gZGzBbE461SRQDQkYXJf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida, Bahadurgarh and Ballabhgarh, in the National Capital Region of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is by far the largest and busiest metro in India, and second oldest after the Kolkata Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Initial construction",
"text": "The Delhi Metro became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after the Kolkata Metro, when the Vishwa Vidyalaya–Kashmere Gate section of the Yellow Line opened on 20 December 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "The concept of a mass rapid transit for New Delhi first emerged from a traffic and travel characteristics study which was carried out in the city in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Yellow Line (Line 2)",
"text": "The Yellow Line was the second line of the Metro and was the first underground line to be opened on the Delhi Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delhi Metro also interchanges with the Rapid Metro Gurugram (with a shared ticketing system) and Noida Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Blue Line (Line 3 & Line 4)",
"text": "The Blue Line was the third line of the Metro to be opened and the first to connect areas outside Delhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To mark its 10th anniversary, Delhi Metro introduced 8 coach train for the very first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion | Haryana and UP connectivity | Haryana projects",
"text": "HUDA City Centre to Manesar City – approved: An extension of Yellow Line, included in the Gurugram Masterplan 2031, approved by the Haryana govt will go up to Panchgaon Chowk in Manesar, where it will interchange with Delhi–Alwar Regional Rapid Transit System, Western Peripheral Expressway's Multimodal Transit Centre and Jhajjar-Palwal rail line."
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion | Phase IV",
"text": "This may make Delhi Metro the 4th longest metro system by route length after Beijing Subway, Shanghai metro and Guangzhou Metro."
}
] |
The Delhi Metro is the first oldest transit system.
| 2 | 4 |
Delhi Metro
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Inertial vs. gravitational mass",
"text": "= = m = = m a . {\\displaystyle F=ma.}"
}
] |
gZbz0YM7zrBMVz1NJQG5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Definitions",
"text": "It is determined by applying a force to an object and measuring the acceleration that results from that force."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Weight vs. mass",
"text": "The force known as \"weight\" is proportional to mass and acceleration in all situations where the mass is accelerated away from free fall."
},
{
"section_header": "Phenomena",
"text": "The mass of an object determines its acceleration in the presence of an applied force."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Weight vs. mass",
"text": "For other situations, such as when objects are subjected to mechanical accelerations from forces other than the resistance of a planetary surface, the weight force is proportional to the mass of an object multiplied by the total acceleration away from free fall, which is called the proper acceleration."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions",
"text": "Pair production and nuclear fusion are processes in which measurable amounts of mass are converted to energy, or vice versa."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Inertial vs. gravitational mass",
"text": "Given this force, the acceleration of the object can be determined by Newton's second law: F"
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass | Inertial mass",
"text": "If we apply an identical force to each, the object with a bigger mass will experience a smaller acceleration, and the object with a smaller mass will experience a bigger acceleration."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass | Inertial mass",
"text": "Suppose that these accelerations are non-zero, so that the forces between the two objects are non-zero."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Weight vs. mass",
"text": "Weight is the opposing force in such circumstances, and is thus determined by the acceleration of free fall."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions",
"text": "This equivalence is exemplified in a large number of physical processes including pair production, nuclear fusion, and the gravitational bending of light."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Inertial vs. gravitational mass",
"text": "= = m = = m a . {\\displaystyle F=ma.}"
}
] |
Force is the product of mass and acceleration.
| 0 | 4 |
Mass
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father is from Hawaii, and is of Chinese, English, Irish, Native Hawaiian, and Portuguese descent."
}
] |
gZitDO29yHNH4152x8Wz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present",
"text": "Always Be My Maybe (2019), which he took on to highlight his Asian ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2013: Thrillers, documentaries and directorial debut",
"text": "The film premiered in Japan but failed to gain traction with audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father is from Hawaii, and is of Chinese, English, Irish, Native Hawaiian, and Portuguese descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present",
"text": "His next release, the comedy Keanu, was better received."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (texts by); Grant, Alexandra (photographs by) (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Shadows: A Collaborative Project by Alexandra Grant and Keanu Reeves."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father earned a GED while serving time in prison for selling heroin at Hilo International Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–1994: Breakthrough with adult roles",
"text": "For his role, Reeves was required to speak with an English accent, which drew some criticism; \"Overly posh and entirely ridiculous, Reeves's performance is as painful as it is hilarious\", wrote Limara Salt of Virgin Media."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was working in Beirut when she met his father, who abandoned his wife and family when Reeves was three years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (text by); Grant, Alexandra (drawings by, book design by) (2011)."
}
] |
Keanu Reeves' father has ancestry from Japan.
| 3 | 5 |
Keanu Reeves
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commonly nicknamed the \"Piano Man\" after his first major hit and signature song of the same name, he has led a commercially successful career as a solo artist since the 1970s, having released 12 studio albums from 1971 to 1993 as well as one studio album in 2001."
}
] |
gaQkYjvOXFw5LaSEX1fs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1977: Streetlife Serenade and Turnstiles",
"text": "'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "On December 12, 2011 Joel became the first non-classical musician honored with a portrait in Steinway Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "On January 7, 2014, the Billy Joel in Concert tour began."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "He has also sponsored the Billy Joel Visiting Composer Series at Syracuse University."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1994–present: Touring",
"text": "He also admitted that Canadian folk-pop musician Gordon Lightfoot was the musical inspiration for"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "His teachers included the noted American pianist Morton Estrin and musician Timothy Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1977: Streetlife Serenade and Turnstiles",
"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family and education",
"text": "Billy Joel has a half-brother, Alexander Joel, born to his father in Europe, who became a classical conductor there."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1988–1993: Storm Front and River of Dreams",
"text": "Another well-known single from the album is the ballad \" And So It Goes\" ("
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1988–1993: Storm Front and River of Dreams",
"text": "A radio remix version of \"All About Soul\" can be found on The Essential Billy Joel (2001), and a demo version appears on My Lives (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Commonly nicknamed the \"Piano Man\" after his first major hit and signature song of the same name, he has led a commercially successful career as a solo artist since the 1970s, having released 12 studio albums from 1971 to 1993 as well as one studio album in 2001."
}
] |
Billy Joel is a musician who is known as the "Piano Man."
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Joel
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa."
}
] |
gaYKd4xAFVUJml0csdtS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "The epic is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyāsa, who is also a major character in the epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "Outside the Indian subcontinent, in Indonesia, a version was developed in ancient Java as Kakawin Bhāratayuddha in the 11th century under the patronage of King Dharmawangsa (990–1016) and later it spread to the neighboring island of Bali, which remains a Hindu majority island today."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Indraprastha",
"text": "In popular adaptations, this insult is wrongly attributed to Draupadi, even though in the Sanskrit epic, it was the Pandavas (except Yudhishthira) who had insulted Duryodhana."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The end of the Pandavas",
"text": "One by one the brothers and Draupadi fall on their way."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The setting of the epic has a historical precedent in Iron Age (Vedic) India, where the Kuru kingdom was the center of political power during roughly 1200 to 800 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Historical references",
"text": "A report by the Greek writer Dio Chrysostom (c. 40 – c. 120 CE) about Homer's poetry being sung even in India seems to imply that the Iliad had been translated into Sanskrit."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Translations",
"text": "A project to translate the full epic into English prose, translated by various hands, began to appear in 2005 from the Clay Sanskrit Library, published by New York University Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "There are also some spin-off episodes developed in ancient Java, such as Arjunawiwaha composed in 11th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Accretion and redaction",
"text": "The Suparṇākhyāna, a late Vedic period poem considered to be among the \"earliest traces of epic poetry in India,\" is an older, shorter precursor to the expanded legend of Garuda that is included in the Āstīka Parva, within the Ādi Parva of the Mahābhārata."
}
] |
It is one of the 3 major Sanskrit epics of ancient India.
| 1 | 5 |
Mahabharata
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government and administration | Military",
"text": "The Parthian Empire had no standing army, yet were able to quickly recruit troops in the event of local crises."
}
] |
gbukpwty74ISTn0IuKQk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and consolidation",
"text": "Some of the Saka were enlisted in Phraates' forces against Antiochus."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and administration | Military",
"text": "The Parthian Empire had no standing army, yet were able to quickly recruit troops in the event of local crises."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "Caracalla was assassinated the next year on the road to Carrhae by his soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "Nevertheless, for a period of more than 400 years, they succeeded the Parthian realm as Rome's principal rival."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and consolidation",
"text": "However, they arrived too late to engage in the conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rome and Armenia",
"text": "The Parthians pursued and harassed Antony's army as it fled to Armenia."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and administration | Military",
"text": "The size of the Parthian army is unknown, as is the size of the empire's overall population."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "The Parthian Empire, weakened by internal strife and wars with Rome, was soon to be followed by the Sasanian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "Meanwhile, the Roman emperor Caracalla (r. 211–217 AD) deposed the kings of Osroene and Armenia to make them Roman provinces once more."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline",
"text": "The Romans captured and burnt Seleucia and Ctesiphon to the ground, yet they were forced to retreat once the Roman soldiers contracted a deadly disease (possibly smallpox) that soon ravaged the Roman world."
}
] |
In case of a conflict, the Parthian Empire would enlist more soldiers for their army.
| 2 | 4 |
Parthian Empire
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl August Nielsen (Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈne̝lsn̩]; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer."
}
] |
gbx9BoND1Yeu2sptzCS9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Mature composer",
"text": "His sixtieth birthday in 1925 brought many congratulations, a decoration from the Swedish government, and a gala concert and reception in Copenhagen."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Final years and death",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Monument was finally unveiled in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Museum in Odense documents his life and that of his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl August Nielsen (Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈne̝lsn̩]; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In his home country, the Carl Nielsen Museum, in Odense, is dedicated to Nielsen and his wife, Anne Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Work carried out by the recently published complete Carl Nielsen Edition"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen International Competition commenced in the 1970s under the auspices of the Odense Symphony Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "He had already fathered a son, Carl August Nielsen, in January 1888, before he met Anne Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Robert Simpson's book Carl Nielsen, Symphonist (first edition 1952) was the earliest large-scale study in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "This determination would strain the Nielsens' marriage, as Anne Marie would spend months away from home during the 1890s and 1900s, leaving Carl, who was susceptible to opportunities with other ladies, to raise their three young children in addition to composing and fulfilling his duties at the Royal Theatre."
}
] |
Carl Nielsen is a Swedish composer.
| 0 | 1 |
Carl Nielsen
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and legal career",
"text": "John Tyler was born on March 29, 1790; like his future running mate, William Henry Harrison, Tyler hailed from Charles City County, Virginia, and was descended from aristocratic and politically entrenched families of English ancestry."
}
] |
gcN3M5832l8xhmA6P4Zr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Tariff and distribution debate",
"text": "The root of the trouble was an economic crisis—initiated by the Panic of 1837—which was entering its sixth year in 1842."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | Return to state politics",
"text": "Tyler was elected 131–81 over John Floyd."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It is generally held in low esteem by historians; Edward P. Crapol began his biography John Tyler, the Accidental President (2006) by noting: \"Other biographers and historians have argued that John Tyler was a hapless and inept chief executive whose presidency was seriously flawed.\" In The Republican Vision of John Tyler (2003), Dan Monroe observed that the Tyler presidency \"is generally ranked as one of the least successful\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "Congressman John Botts, who opposed Tyler, introduced an impeachment resolution on July 10, 1842."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and legal career",
"text": "She died of a stroke when her son John was seven years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice presidency",
"text": "Seager later wrote, \"Had William Henry Harrison lived, John Tyler would undoubtedly have been as obscure as any vice-president in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Judicial appointments",
"text": "However, the Senate successively voted against confirming John C. Spencer, Reuben Walworth, Edward King and John M. Read (Walworth was rejected three times, King rejected twice)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and legal career",
"text": "John Tyler Sr., commonly known as Judge Tyler, was a friend and college roommate of Thomas Jefferson and served in the Virginia House of Delegates alongside Benjamin Harrison V, father of William."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Annexation of Texas | Early attempts",
"text": "In exchange for an appointment as consul to Hawaii, journalist Alexander G. Abell wrote a flattering biography, Life of John Tyler, which was printed in large quantities and given to postmasters to distribute."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and legal career",
"text": "John Tyler was born on March 29, 1790; like his future running mate, William Henry Harrison, Tyler hailed from Charles City County, Virginia, and was descended from aristocratic and politically entrenched families of English ancestry."
}
] |
John Tyler had roots from England.
| 0 | 5 |
John Tyler
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding is a 1946 novel by Southern writer Carson McCullers."
}
] |
gcbMfCjAsxLDeGwwpgze
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Young Vic theatre in London produced the stage version of The Member of the Wedding in 2007, directed by Matthew Dunster."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding is a 1946 novel by Southern writer Carson McCullers."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretations",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding is told from the point of view of Frankie, who is a troubled adolescent."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "Text from The Member of the Wedding was used by Jarvis Cocker on his debut album, Jarvis."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding. The screenplay was adapted by Edna and Edward Anhalt and directed by Fred Zinnemann."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Rintels used the original novel rather than the play as his source material."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "In the original these are: It happened that green and crazy summer when Frankie was twelve years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretations",
"text": "But some critics think it is a mistake to view The Member of the Wedding as simply a coming of age novel—a \"sweet momentary illumination of adolescence before the disillusion of adulthood,\" as it is sometimes regarded, or as Patricia Yaeger puts it, \"an economical way of learning about the pangs of growing up."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "This was the summer when for a long time she had not been a member."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "She belonged to no club and was a member of nothing in the world."
}
] |
The Member of the Wedding was originally a drama movie that was released in 2007.
| 0 | 0 |
The Member of the Wedding
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1931, however, when Faulkner's sixth novel, Sanctuary, was published—a sensationalist story, which Faulkner later said was written only for money—The Sound and the Fury also became commercially successful, and Faulkner began to receive critical attention."
}
] |
gcmxDilUP2J9ThvQOdUj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1931, however, when Faulkner's sixth novel, Sanctuary, was published—a sensationalist story, which Faulkner later said was written only for money—The Sound and the Fury also became commercially successful, and Faulkner began to receive critical attention."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945",
"text": "At Faulkner's behest, however, subsequent printings of The Sound and the Fury frequently contain the appendix at the end of the book; it is sometimes referred to as the fifth part."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In 1945, Faulkner wrote a \"Compson Appendix\" to be included with future printings of The Sound and the Fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945",
"text": "Having been written sixteen years after The Sound and the Fury, the appendix presents some textual differences from the novel, but serves to clarify the novel's opaque story."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a widely influential work of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1929, The Sound and the Fury was Faulkner's fourth novel, and was not immediately successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is set in Jefferson, Mississippi, in the first third of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 4: April 8, 1928",
"text": "Jason calls the police and tells them that his money has been stolen, but since it would mean admitting embezzling Quentin's money he doesn't press the issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and structure | Title",
"text": "When Faulkner began writing the story that would develop into The Sound and the Fury, it \"was tentatively titled ‘Twilight,’ [and] narrated by a fourth Compson child,\" but as the story progressed into a larger work, he renamed it, drawing its title from Macbeth's famous soliloquy from act 5, scene 5 of William Shakespeare's Macbeth: Immediately obvious is the notion of a \"tale told by an idiot,\" in this case Benjy, whose view of the Compsons' story opens the novel."
}
] |
The Sound and the Fury is a book written by William Faulkner only for the money but got him a lot of attention.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sound and the Fury
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men)."
}
] |
gcqmOa7qGQR0nGiPX4N4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Formal prosecution: The Court of Oyer and Terminer",
"text": "all confessed to being witches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources and early discussion",
"text": "The most famous primary source about the trials is Cotton Mather's Wonders of the Invisible World: Being an Account of the Tryals of Several Witches, Lately Executed in New-England, printed in October 1692."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In January 2016, the University of Virginia announced its Gallows Hill Project team had determined the execution site in Salem, where the 19 \"witches\" had been hanged."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | September 1692",
"text": "Hoar was given a temporary reprieve, with the support of several ministers, to make a confession of being a witch."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and closure | Memorials",
"text": "In January 2016, the University of Virginia announced its project team had determined the execution site on Gallows Hill in Salem, where nineteen \"witches\" had been hanged in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Formal prosecution: The Court of Oyer and Terminer",
"text": "As soon as he was turned off [hanged], Mr. Cotton Mather, being mounted upon a Horse, addressed himself to the People, partly to declare that he [Mr. Burroughs] was no ordained Minister, partly to possess the People of his guilt, saying that the devil often had been transformed into the Angel of Light."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Initial events",
"text": "If such upstanding people could be witches, the townspeople thought, then anybody could be a witch, and church membership was no protection from accusation."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Local context",
"text": "The first two ministers, James Bayley (1673–79) and George Burroughs (1680–83), stayed only a few years each, departing after the congregation failed to pay their full rate. (Burroughs was subsequently arrested at the height of the witchcraft hysteria and was hanged as a witch in August 1692.) Despite the ministers' rights being upheld by the General Court and the parish being admonished, each of the two ministers still chose to leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Spectral evidence",
"text": "The publication A Tryal of Witches, related to the 1662 Bury St Edmunds witch trial, was used by the magistrates at Salem when looking for a precedent in allowing spectral evidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men)."
}
] |
The Salem witch trials were about people being accused of being witches in Massachusetts and were executed by hanging.
| 0 | 0 |
Salem witch trials
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "This accident generated a call for protective helmets for batters, although tradition won out at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "On May 25, 1937; Cochrane was hit in the head by a pitch from Yankees pitcher Bump Hadley."
}
] |
gdm2YsawIIc1RFafXvrJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane compiled a .320 batting average while hitting 119 home runs and 830 runs batted in over a 13-year playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philadelphia won the first two of those World Series, but Cochrane was criticized for giving up stolen bases when his team lost the series in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Yankee Hall of Fame slugger Mickey Mantle was named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "This accident generated a call for protective helmets for batters, although tradition won out at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane had homered in his previous at-bat that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "On May 25, 1937; Cochrane was hit in the head by a pitch from Yankees pitcher Bump Hadley."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "He won the 1928 American League Most Valuable Player Award, mostly for his leadership and defensive skills, when he led the American League in putouts and hit .293 along with 10 home runs and 58 runs batted in."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Cochrane was a catalyst in the Athletics' pennant-winning years of 1929, 1930 and 1931, during which he hit .331, .357 and .349 respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane was considered one of the best catchers in baseball history and is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
Even though he was up at bat, Mickey Cochrane wasn't wearing a helmet when he was hit by a baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Mickey Cochrane
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Alternative ending",
"text": "Virtually all productions today use the original ending, as do nearly all of the film versions of the play."
}
] |
ge1SS2mleduTz5ag6FGG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2006, the centennial of Ibsen's death, A Doll's House held the distinction of being the world's most performed play that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Sara, played by Niki Karimi, is the Nora of Ibsen's play."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Alternative ending",
"text": "Ibsen's German agent felt that the original ending would not play well in German theatres."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Alternative ending",
"text": "Virtually all productions today use the original ending, as do nearly all of the film versions of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Writing for the Norwegian newspaper Folkets Avis, the critic Erik Bøgh admired Ibsen's originality and technical mastery: \"Not a single declamatory phrase, no high dramatics, no drop of blood, not even a tear.\" Every performance of its run was sold out."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "It was first performed in France in 1894."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Re-staging",
"text": "The Citizens' Theatre in Glasgow have performed Nora: A Doll's House by Stef Smith, a radical re-working of the play, with three actors playing Nora, simultaneously taking place in 1918, 1968 and 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "This version was also played in Hamburg, Dresden, Hanover, and Berlin, although, in the wake of protests and a lack of success, Niemann-Raabe eventually restored the original ending."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "A new translation by Zinnie Harris at the Donmar Warehouse, starring Gillian Anderson, Toby Stephens, Anton Lesser, Tara FitzGerald and Christopher Eccleston opened in May 2009.The play was performed by 24/6: A Jewish Theater Company in March 2011, one of their early performances following their December 2010 lower Manhattan launch."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "A production of this version opened in Flensburg in February 1880."
}
] |
Ibsen's second version of the play is hardly ever performed.
| 0 | 1 |
A Doll's House
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book follows four dissimilar people brought together at an Italian villa during the Italian Campaign of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The film received nine Academy Awards—including Best Picture and Director—at the 69th Academy Awards."
}
] |
geBaz7uyZmT4YTe45sjl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "The novel won the 1992 Booker Prize, the 1992 Governor General's Award, and the 2018 Golden Man Booker award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book follows four dissimilar people brought together at an Italian villa during the Italian Campaign of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Madhumalati Adhikari has critiqued the treatment of World War II and its effects on the characters of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The English Patient is a 1992 novel by Michael Ondaatje."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The English Patient is a progressive novel that aims to bring a sense of the meaning of freedom to its readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "The novel's historical backdrop is the North African/Italian Campaigns of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "He later guides German spies across the desert to Cairo."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | David Caravaggio",
"text": "David Caravaggio is a Canadian thief whose profession is legitimized by the war, as the Allies needed crafty people to steal Axis documents."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Hana",
"text": "She then puts all of her energy into caring for the English Patient."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Ondaatje, Michael (1993). The English Patient."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The film received nine Academy Awards—including Best Picture and Director—at the 69th Academy Awards."
}
] |
The English Patient is a novel about 4 people during World War 2 and later became an award winning movie.
| 0 | 0 |
The English Patient
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
}
] |
geJulkfEE17GsxtNW3uX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "She had planned to work with Curt Stern, who had demonstrated crossing-over in Drosophila just weeks after McClintock and Creighton had done so; however, Stern emigrated to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Marjorie, the oldest child, was born in October 1898; Mignon, the second daughter, was born in November 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On May 4, 2005, the United States Postal Service issued the \"American Scientists\" commemorative postage stamp series, a set of four 37-cent self-adhesive stamps in several configurations."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The youngest, Malcolm Rider (called Tom), was born 18 months after Barbara."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock was born in the East Coast of the United States.
| 0 | 1 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe was also close friends with Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, whom he taught violin despite her lack of talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Born in Liège, Ysaÿe began violin lessons at age five with his father."
}
] |
gehM9FFQX11OoRLX26eq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "The next year, Ysaÿe received a professorship at the Brussels Conservatoire in his native Belgium."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His granddaughter, Nadine Ysaye Mosbaugh, was a noted concert pianist who toured Europe with Jose Iturbi before settling down in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "List of compositions | Concertante works",
"text": "Poème élégiaque (Poème No.1) Poème élégiaque (Poème No.1) in D minor, for violin and piano Op.12 (1892/3) [orchestrated by Jacques Ysaye]"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe was also close friends with Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, whom he taught violin despite her lack of talent."
},
{
"section_header": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection",
"text": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection, housed in the Music Division of the Royal Library of Belgium, combines four decades of purchases with a donation made by the Ysaÿe family in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "List of compositions | Operas",
"text": "Piére li houyeû (Pierre le mineur) Piére li houyeû (Pierre le mineur) 1931 (Original in Walloon language, perhaps the only opera composed for a libretto in that language)The première of Piére li houyeû (the composer's only opera) took place at the Opéra de Liège on 4 March 1931, during a long evening dedicated to the composer's works, in the presence of Queen Elisabeth of Belgium who had been his pupil."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Born in Liège, Ysaÿe began violin lessons at age five with his father."
}
] |
Ysaye was birthed in Belgium and was tight with her majesty.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugène Ysaÿe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Every day becomes a torturing reminder that Charlotte will never be able to requite his love."
}
] |
gepwSnmq72DpnZuJW2Nr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Most of The Sorrows of Young Werther, a story about unrequited love, is presented as a collection of letters written by Werther, a young artist of a sensitive and passionate temperament, to his friend Wilhelm."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative versions and appearances",
"text": "He sees Werther's case as similar to his own, of one rejected by those he loved."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative versions and appearances",
"text": "caused not only by love, but by the political situation of Italy before the Unification."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Every day becomes a torturing reminder that Charlotte will never be able to requite his love."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Goethe, however, was not pleased with the Freuden and started a literary war with Nicolai that lasted all his life, writing a poem titled \"Nicolai auf Werthers Grabe\" (\"Nicolai on Werther's grave\"), in which Nicolai (here a passing nameless pedestrian) defecates on Werther's grave, so desecrating the memory of a Werther from which Goethe had distanced himself in the meantime, as he had from the Sturm und Drang."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative versions and appearances",
"text": "Thomas Carlyle, who incidentally translated Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meister into English, frequently refers to and parodies Werther's relationship in his 1836 novel Sartor Resartus."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther, Modern Library, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther, Oxford World's Classics, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The Sorrows of Young Werther, Dover Thrift Editions, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Werther falls in love with Charlotte despite knowing beforehand that she is engaged to a man named Albert, eleven years her senior."
}
] |
Most of Werther's sorrows were about love that was unrequited.
| 0 | 1 |
The Sorrows of Young Werther
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer, pronounced [bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ] (listen)) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989."
}
] |
getDoEPq0c64nH8F1Zvc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "Honecker had predicted in January of that year that the Wall would stand for 50 or 100 more years if the conditions that had caused its construction did not change."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961 | Immediate effects",
"text": "The construction of the Wall had caused considerable hardship to families divided by it."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961",
"text": "During the construction of the Wall, National People's Army (NVA) and Combat Groups of the Working Class (KdA) soldiers stood in front of it with orders to shoot anyone who attempted to defect."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, The Guardian collected short stories from 9 November 1989 by five German writers who reflect on the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer, pronounced [bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ] (listen)) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage",
"text": "When the Wall was erected, Berlin's complex public transit networks, the S-Bahn and U-Bahn, were divided with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts by Western artists and growing anti-Wall sentiment | David Bowie, 1987",
"text": "On 6 June 1987, David Bowie, who earlier for several years lived and recorded in West Berlin, played a concert close to the Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Erection of the inner German border | Brain drain",
"text": "Yuri Andropov, then the CPSU Director on Relations with Communist and Workers' Parties of Socialist Countries, wrote an urgent letter on 28 August 1958, to the Central Committee about the significant 50% increase in the number of East German intelligentsia among the refugees."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "Over the next seven years, the Church grew, despite authorities barricading the streets leading to it, and after church services, peaceful candlelit marches took place."
}
] |
The wall stood and divided Berlin for 28 years.
| 0 | 3 |
Berlin Wall
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War."
}
] |
gf3jhglcn5erPj620uXv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man was one of Shaw's first commercial successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "Marlon Brando's final stage appearance was in Arms and the Man in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "George Orwell said that Arms and the Man was written when Shaw was at the height of his powers as a dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": ", New York put on a production of Arms and the Man in 1983 with Kelsey Grammer as Sergius."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "so many?\"Arms and the Man is a humorous play that shows the futility of war and deals comedically with the hypocrisies of human nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"It is probably the wittiest play he ever wrote, the most flawless technically, and in spite of being a very light comedy, the most telling.\" Orwell says that Arms and the Man wears well"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A filmed version of Arms and the Man in German entitled Helden (Heroes) starring O. W. Fischer and Liselotte Pulver was runner up for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "After Bluntschli reveals the whole story to Major Petkoff, Sergius proposes marriage to Louka (to Major Petkoff and Catherine's horror); Nicola quietly and gallantly lets Sergius have her, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The war ends, and the Bulgarians and Serbians sign a peace treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War."
}
] |
Arms and the Man is am 1896 book that discussed the horrors of an Eastern European war.
| 0 | 0 |
Arms and the Man
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wharton creates a portrait of a stunning beauty who, though raised and educated to marry well both socially and economically, is reaching her 29th year, an age when her youthful blush is drawing to a close and her marital prospects are becoming ever more limited."
}
] |
gfYZR1fWnnkx9WzgWctL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of Lily Bart, a well-born but impoverished woman belonging to New York City's high society around the end of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"The publication of the novel prompted letters to the editor of the \"New York Times Saturday Review of Books\" which argued the merits of the story, saying that the novel was a faithful and true portrait of the New York City gentry, while detractors said that it impugned the character of the city's social élite as heartless and materialist leisure class."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "She is a kind, generous woman who occupies herself with charity work, but Lily despises her because of her less than glamorous appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The House of Mirth is a 1905 novel by American author Edith Wharton."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel The House of Mirth (1905) has been adapted to radio, the stage and the cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Play of the novel The House of Mirth (1906), by Edith Wharton and Clyde Fitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Instead of discussing the issue openly, Lily begins to play cat and mouse with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The final title Wharton chose for the novel was The House of Mirth (1905), taken from the Old Testament: The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lily's week at Bellomont ends up in a series of failures beginning with losing a large sum at bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Percy, having been scared away by Lily's behavior and Bertha Dorset's malicious gossip, proposes to a young woman named Evie Van Osburgh, who is much better suited to him than Lily and who was introduced to him by Bertha Dorset herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wharton creates a portrait of a stunning beauty who, though raised and educated to marry well both socially and economically, is reaching her 29th year, an age when her youthful blush is drawing to a close and her marital prospects are becoming ever more limited."
}
] |
The novel is a true story about a woman who was born into a rich family losing all her possessions and then having to survive by working in a cat house.
| 2 | 3 |
The House of Mirth
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( GARR-ib-AWL-dee, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ɡariˈbaldi] (listen); 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patriot, and republican."
}
] |
gh4cQDpONprvI0Bp5tas
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Italy | North America and the Pacific",
"text": "At Lima, Garibaldi was generally welcomed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The provisional government of Milan made him a general, and in 1849, the Minister of War promoted him to General of the Roman Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Image",
"text": "This role of world leadership, left vacant as things are today, might well be occupied by the German nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Image",
"text": "Let us hope, then, that you can use your energy to overcome your moth-eaten thirty tyrants of the various German states."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Image",
"text": "Admiral William Brown called him \"the most generous of the pirates I have ever encountered\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Second Italian War of Independence",
"text": "Garibaldi was appointed major general and formed a volunteer unit named the Hunters of the Alps (Cacciatori delle Alpi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Image",
"text": "You Germans, with your grave and philosophic character, might well be the ones who could win the confidence of others and guarantee the future stability of the international community."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural depictions",
"text": "People in Indian Creek wanted to use the gold to finance a dam, but Mandati plans to lend support to General Garibaldi and Italian reunification."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Aftermath",
"text": "On 5 October 1861, Garibaldi set up the International Legion bringing together different national divisions of French, Poles, Swiss, German and other nationalities, with a view not just of finishing the liberation of Italy, but also of their homelands."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Expedition against Rome",
"text": "General Enrico Cialdini dispatched a division of the regular army, under Colonel Emilio Pallavicini, against the volunteer bands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( GARR-ib-AWL-dee, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ɡariˈbaldi] (listen); 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patriot, and republican."
}
] |
Garibaldi was a German general.
| 1 | 2 |
Giuseppe Garibaldi
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only three players in history to have his number retired by at least three teams, along with Jackie Robinson (whose number was retired by Major League Baseball) and Frank Robinson."
}
] |
ghCzU51fF2l3FbkluxiX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only three players in history to have his number retired by at least three teams, along with Jackie Robinson (whose number was retired by Major League Baseball) and Frank Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan and Frank Robinson are the only two major league players to have their number retired by three teams on which they played."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "He was the final active player from the 1960s to retire from Major League Baseball, outlasting Carlton Fisk (the final active position player) by three months."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Two managers, Casey Stengel (Yankees and Mets) and Sparky Anderson (Reds and Tigers) also had their numbers retired by more than one team."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His number was the first retired by the Rangers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only 29 players in baseball history to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four different decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "In 1967, Ryan pitched three games in relief for the Class AAA Jacksonville Suns, started one game for the Class A Winter Haven Mets and pitched eight games for the Mets team in the Florida Instructional League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | California Angels (1972–1979)",
"text": "On July 9, 1972, Ryan struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 3–0 win over the Boston Red Sox; he became the seventh American League pitcher to accomplish the immaculate inning, and the first (and currently only) pitcher in Major League history to accomplish the feat in both leagues. (On April 19, 1968, he had struck out three batters on nine pitches in the second inning of a 2–1 win over the St. Louis Cardinals, becoming the eighth National League pitcher and the 14th pitcher in Major League history to accomplish the feat.) In 1973, Ryan set his first major record when he struck out 383 batters in one season, beating Sandy Koufax's old mark by one."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The California Angels (now the Los Angeles Angels) retired the number 30 on June 16, 1992; the Texas Rangers retired his number 34 on September 15, 1996; and the Houston Astros retired number 34 on September 29, 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | California Angels (1972–1979)",
"text": "The deal has been cited as one of the worst in Mets history but was not viewed as unreasonable at the time given Ryan's relatively unremarkable numbers as a Met and Fregosi's good career to that point."
}
] |
Nolan Rayan is one of the three players in history to have his number retired by at least three teams.
| 1 | 5 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word tangent comes from Latin tangens meaning \"touching\", since the line touches the circle of unit radius, whereas secant stems from Latin secans—\"cutting\"—since the line cuts the circle."
}
] |
gipT9owVIszKhHSWFnLv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of cosines",
"text": "The law of cosines (also known as the cosine formula or cosine rule) is an extension of the Pythagorean"
},
{
"section_header": "Basic identities | Periods",
"text": "This means that, for every integer k, one has sin"
},
{
"section_header": "Right-angled triangle definitions",
"text": "This means that the ratio of any two side lengths depends only on θ."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of cosines",
"text": "It can also be used to find the cosines of an angle (and consequently the angles themselves) if the lengths of all the sides are known."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of cosines",
"text": "The law of cosines can be used to determine a side of a triangle if two sides and the angle between them are known."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "csc(θ csc(θ ) − 1 The word sine derives from Latin sinus, meaning \"bend; bay\", and more specifically \"the hanging fold of the upper part of a toga\", \"the bosom of a garment\", which was chosen as the translation of what was interpreted as the Arabic word jaib, meaning \"pocket\" or \"fold\" in the twelfth-century translations of works by Al-Battani and al-Khwārizmī into Medieval Latin."
},
{
"section_header": "Right-angled triangle definitions",
"text": "{\\mathrm {hypotenuse} }}} cosine"
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word tangent comes from Latin tangens meaning \"touching\", since the line touches the circle of unit radius, whereas secant stems from Latin secans—\"cutting\"—since the line cuts the circle."
},
{
"section_header": "In calculus | In the complex plane",
"text": "The sine and cosine of a complex number z"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most widely used trigonometric functions are the sine, the cosine, and the tangent."
}
] |
Cosine means "cutting".
| 2 | 4 |
Cosine
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis."
}
] |
gj0NKlLIkA9gALU5Kyde
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biochemical functions | Intracellular signaling",
"text": "ATP is involved in signal transduction by serving as substrate for kinases, enzymes that transfer phosphate groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | Production, aerobic conditions | Citric acid cycle",
"text": "Although the citric acid cycle itself does not involve molecular oxygen, it is an obligately aerobic process because O2 is used to recycle the NADH and FADH2 and provides the chemical energy driving the process."
},
{
"section_header": "Biochemical functions | Intracellular signaling",
"text": "This form of signal transduction is particularly important in brain function, although it is involved in the regulation of a multitude of other cellular processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | Production, anaerobic conditions",
"text": "It involves substrate-level phosphorylation in the absence of a respiratory electron transport chain."
},
{
"section_header": "Biochemical functions | Extracellular signalling and neurotransmision",
"text": "Cells secrete ATP to communicate with other cells in a process called purinergic signalling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Found in all known forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the \"molecular unit of currency\" of intracellular energy transfer."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "Enzyme inhibitors of ATP-dependent enzymes such as kinases are needed to examine the binding sites and transition states involved in ATP-dependent reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In its many reactions related to metabolism, the adenine and sugar groups remain unchanged, but the triphosphate is converted to di- and monophosphate, giving respectively the derivatives ADP and AMP."
}
] |
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is involved in metabolic processes and is involved in energy transfer in cells.
| 0 | 0 |
Adenosine triphosphate
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate and served as its 44th and 49th governor."
}
] |
gj3RLYwkiwUFkjMCwf7u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor",
"text": "By the time that he had permanently returned to the state in mid-1951, it was too late to influence the gubernatorial contest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chandler died a month before his ninety-third birthday; at the time, he was the oldest living former Kentucky governor as well as the earliest serving former governor."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "The 95,000-vote margin of victory was then the largest ever recorded in a Kentucky gubernatorial election, and at only 37, Chandler was the youngest governor of any US state."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career",
"text": "In a break with precedent, Chandler set up an office on the executive floor of the state capitol and worked there full-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career",
"text": "Under the Kentucky Constitution, Chandler became acting governor whenever Laffoon left the state."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "Following the flood, Chandler convinced the legislature to construct the new Kentucky State Reformatory, at La Grange."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He then went on to defeat Republican King Swope by the largest margin of victory for a Kentucky gubernatorial race to that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | Governorship",
"text": "It increased the state gasoline tax for trucks by two cents per gallon and raised corporate tax by half a percent."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | Governorship",
"text": "The death of Senator Alben Barkley and the expiration of Senator Clements' term would make Kentucky elect two senators also in November 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "Chandler's election was also met with disdain from much of the press in the Eastern United States, where most of baseball's teams resided at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate and served as its 44th and 49th governor."
}
] |
Chandler was a two time governor of the state of Kentucky.
| 2 | 2 |
Happy Chandler
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams was born in San Diego on August 30, 1918, and named Theodore Samuel Williams after former president Theodore Roosevelt as well as his father, Samuel Stuart Williams."
}
] |
gj5Z0UJdEM4OloynbGMe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "The governor of Massachusetts and mayor of Boston were there, along with Korean War veteran named Frederick Wolf who used a wheelchair for mobility."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "He served as executive assistant to Tom Yawkey (1961–65), then was named a team vice president (1965–68) upon his election to the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams was born in San Diego on August 30, 1918, and named Theodore Samuel Williams after former president Theodore Roosevelt as well as his father, Samuel Stuart Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "Williams nearly always took the first pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "\"From what they said, his reflexes, coordination, and visual reaction made him a built-in part of the machine."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1936–1938)",
"text": "Hornsby told Williams useful advice, including to \"get a good pitch to hit\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "He famously used a lighter bat than most sluggers, because it generated a faster swing."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "For eight summers and parts of others after that, he would give hitting clinics and talk baseball at the camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1950–1955",
"text": "When Williams took his cast off, he could only extend the arm to within four inches of his right arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "Williams reached an extensive deal with Sears, lending his name and talent toward marketing, developing, and endorsing a line of in-house sports equipment – such as the \"Ted Williams\" edition Gamefisher aluminum boat and 7.5 hp \"Ted Williams\" edition motor, as well as fishing, hunting, and baseball equipment."
}
] |
Ted Williams took part of his name from a U.S president.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Williams
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017."
}
] |
gjAbNPASdNJy3z54IO3F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "American playwright Ken Ludwig adapted the novel into a play, which premiered at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton, New Jersey on March 14, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974) The book was made into a 1974 movie directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin; it was a critical and commercial hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Suchet reprised the role of Hercule Poirot in \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010), an 80-minute movie-length episode of the television series Agatha Christie's Poirot co-produced by ITV Studios and WGBH-TV, adapted for the screen by Stewart Harcourt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Agatha Christie's Poirot \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010)David"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train, which had been published in the United States as Orient Express."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2001) A thoroughly modernized and poorly received made-for-TV version starring Alfred Molina as Poirot was presented by CBS in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 2017, the streaming service Audible released another radio adaptation that featured Tom Conti as the voice of Poirot."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "The Soviet radio play was released in 1966."
}
] |
The 1934 novel Murder on the Orient Express has recently been remade for a play adaptation and a movie in 2017.
| 0 | 2 |
Murder on the Orient Express
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On June 28, 1963, Baker suffered a stroke and died."
}
] |
gjArobJlqbrngkl3mMya
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Orioles' manager Jack Dunn decided that Baker \"could not hit\", and Baker was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Managerial career",
"text": "After Baker sold Foxx to the Athletics, the Farmers fired Baker, because they believed Mack did not pay a high enough price for Foxx."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baker was a member of the Athletics' $100,000 infield."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Baker was born on March 13, 1886, to Franklin Adams Baker and Mary Catherine (née Fitzhugh) on their farm in Trappe, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Fred Snodgrass spiked Baker while sliding into third base in Game One, knocking the ball loose and requiring Baker to bandage his arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herzog found that Baker could not pitch well, but that he could hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "In the 1922 season, Baker played in 66 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Bakers, who were of English descent, had been farmers in Trappe for six generations."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Baker received only one at bat in the 1922 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Baker was a modest man who never drank, smoked, or swore."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On June 28, 1963, Baker suffered a stroke and died."
}
] |
Frank Baker expired of colon cancer.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Baker
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "Youngs was born in Shiner, Texas, the second of three children, all sons."
}
] |
gjurzB8x8xKUan8Q7Ezd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ross Middlebrook \"Pep\" Youngs (April 10, 1897 – October 22, 1927) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "In Game 3 of the 1921 World Series Youngs became the first player to record two hits in the same inning of a World Series game."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "Youngs' mother ran a small hotel in San Antonio and Youngs had a paper route."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Youngs was a favorite of McGraw, who kept only two pictures in his office: one of Christy Mathewson and one of Youngs."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "McGraw gave Youngs the nickname \"Pep\" due to his hustle and soon began to groom Youngs to become his successor as Giants' manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "In Youngs' obituary in The New York Times, Giants manager John McGraw called Youngs \"the greatest outfielder I ever saw on a ball field."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "Youngs was educated at West Texas Military Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs hit for the cycle on April 29, 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rosy Ryan, a teammate with the Giants, and Burleigh Grimes, who played against Youngs as a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers, considered Youngs the best player they ever saw."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs batted .327 in 1921, good for ninth in the NL."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and minor leagues",
"text": "Youngs was born in Shiner, Texas, the second of three children, all sons."
}
] |
Ross Youngs birthplace is in the south.
| 0 | 2 |
Ross Youngs
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Salesforce.com, inc. is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California."
}
] |
gjzD3kHc5qI6RGrEOZdC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | AppExchange",
"text": "Launched in 2005, the Salesforce AppExchange is an online application marketplace for third-party applications that run on the Force.com platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Salesforce Venture Capital",
"text": "Its five largest investments Domo (data-visualization software), SurveyMonkey (online survey software), Twilio (cloud-communication), Dropbox (cloud storage), and DocuSign (secure e-signature company) account for nearly half of its portfolio."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Lightning Platform",
"text": "These third-party applications are hosted on Salesforce.com's infrastructure."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Retired or end-of-life | Desk.com",
"text": "Desk.com integrates with a variety of products and third-party applications including Salesforce CRM, Salesforce IQ, Atlassian JIRA, Mailchimp and other apps."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Finances",
"text": "Salesforce ranked 240 on the 2019 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States companies by revenue. \" Reaching New Heights on the Fortune 500 List| CRM\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | myTrailhead",
"text": "Announced in 2017 and launched in 2019, Salesforce's myTrailhead is an online training platform that can be customized for the specific needs of its customers."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Retired or end-of-life | Data.com",
"text": "Data.com was also an online business directory of companies and business professionals that is built, maintained and accessed by a worldwide community of over a million subscribers."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Community Cloud",
"text": "Community Cloud provides Salesforce customers the ability to create online web properties for external collaboration, customer service, channel sales, and other custom portals in their instance of Salesforce."
},
{
"section_header": "Salesforce Venture Capital",
"text": "As of August 2018, Salesforce Ventures reported investments totaling $1.2 billion in 275 companies covering a wide range of business models, including e-commerce (CloudCraze), artificial intelligence (Figure Eight), online fraud prevention (Forter), Accounting and Professional Services Automation software (FinancialForce) and many other areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Salesforce.com, inc. is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California."
}
] |
Salesforce.com is the third largest online store in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Salesforce.com
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
gjzZeejLoRrNbJqYlC8O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In heraldry",
"text": "Families also distinguished their factional allegiance by the architecture of their palaces, towers, and fortresses."
},
{
"section_header": "In heraldry",
"text": "These two schemes are prevalent in the civic heraldry of northern Italian towns and remain a revealing indicator of their past factional leanings."
},
{
"section_header": "In heraldry",
"text": "Some individuals and families indicated their faction affiliation in their coats of arms by including an appropriate heraldic \"chief\" (a horizontal band at the top of the shield)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "That city remained with the Ghibelline factions, partly as a means of preserving its independence, rather than out of loyalty to the temporal power, as Forlì was nominally in the Papal States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "Those who were not connected to either side or who had no connections to either Guelphs or Ghibellines, considered both factions unworthy of support but were still affected by changes of power in their respective cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
The factions described here were separated by religious idelolgy.
| 0 | 0 |
Guelphs and Ghibellines
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards."
}
] |
gk82uwC1bCdz1Ky9VMys
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | BAFTA Awards",
"text": "Best Original Score Nominated: Kundun (1997) Won: The Truman Show (1998) Nominated: The Hours (2002) Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Other",
"text": "Won: The Hours (2002) Best Original Score Nominated: Kundun (1997) Nominated: The Hours (2002) Nominated: Notes on a Scandal (2006) Musical America Musician of the Year (1985) Member of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France) – Chevalier (1995) Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Department of Music (2003) Won: The Hours (2002) Best Original Score Nominated: Kundun (1997) Nominated: The Hours (2002) Nominated: Notes on a Scandal (2006) Musical America Musician of the Year (1985) Member of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France) – Chevalier (1995) Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Department of Music (2003) Classic Brit Award for Contemporary Composer of the Year (The Hours) (2004) Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer –"
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "Glass has composed many film scores, starting with the orchestral score for Koyaanisqatsi (1982), and continuing with two biopics, Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985, resulting in the String Quartet No. 3) and Kundun (1997) about the Dalai Lama, for which he received his first Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "In the mid-2000s Glass provided the scores to films such as Secret Window (2004), Neverwas (2005), The Illusionist and Notes on a Scandal, garnering his third Academy Award nomination for the latter."
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "The Hours (2002) earned him a second Academy Award nomination, and was followed by another Morris documentary, The Fog of War (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Other",
"text": "The Illusionist (2007) 18th International Palm Springs Film Festival Award (2007) Fulbright Lifetime Achievement Award Laureate (2009) American Classical Music Hall of Fame (2010) NEA Opera Honors Award (2010) Praemium Imperiale (2012) Dance Magazine Award (2013) Honorary Doctor of Music, Juilliard School (2014) Louis Auchincloss Prize presented by the Museum of the City of New York (2014) Eleventh Glenn Gould Prize Laureate (2015) National Medal of Arts (2015) Chicago Tribune Literary Award (for memoir Words Without Music) (2016) Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music in a Play – The Crucible (2016) Carnegie Hall (New York) 2017–2018 Richard and Barbara Debs Composer's Chair (2017) Hollywood Music in Media Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "the Brazilian film Nosso Lar (2010) and Fantastic Four (2015, in collaboration with Marco Beltrami)."
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "Glass's music was featured in two award-winning films by Russian director Andrey Zvyagintsev, Elena (2011) and Leviathan (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1980–86: Completing the Portrait Trilogy: Akhnaten and beyond",
"text": "This interest in writing for the string quartet and the string orchestra led to a chamber and orchestral film score for Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (Paul Schrader, 1984–85), which Glass recently described as his \"musical turning point\" that developed his \"technique of film scoring in a very special way\"."
}
] |
Four of his film scores have been nominated for academy awards.
| 0 | 2 |
Philip Glass
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
}
] |
gkfIp2rTF4gsr8Gohcfk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although her birth name was Mary Elizabeth, she always was called Sissy by her brothers, which led to her stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spacek's father was of three quarters Czech (Moravian) and one quarter Sudeten-German ancestry; her paternal grandparents were Mary (Cervenka) and Arnold A. Spacek (who served as mayor of Granger, Texas, in Williamson County)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek's performance was widely praised, and Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote, \"Though few actresses have distinguished themselves in gothics, Sissy Spacek, who is onscreen almost continuously, gives a classic chameleon performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1968, using the name \"Rainbo\", she recorded a single, \"John, You Went"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She attended Quitman High School and was named homecoming queen at her senior prom."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "In 1968, using the name Rainbo, Spacek recorded a single titled \" John You Went"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert has credited the movie's success \"to the performance by Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spacek's mother, who was of English and Irish descent, was from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "\" In addition, Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice wrote \"Sissy Spacek – yes, I'm flabbergasted – is simple and faithful as Lynn."
}
] |
Sissy Spacek's real name is Mary Joseph
| 1 | 6 |
Sissy Spacek
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dickey was born in Bastrop, Louisiana on June 6, 1907."
}
] |
gkyX5GR5ZEM24rEEwHOc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The ballpark was named after Bill; his brother George; and two famous Arkansas businessmen, Jackson and Witt Stephens."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Dickeys moved to Kensett, Arkansas, where John Dickey worked as a brakeman for Missouri Pacific Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Dickey earned $18,000 in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager and coach",
"text": "In 1947, Dickey managed the Travelers."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "In 1930, Dickey hit .339. In 1931, Dickey made only three errors and batted .327 with 78 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Blackburne signed Dickey to play for his team."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Jackson waived Dickey after the 1927 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Dickey was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dickey played for the Yankees from 1928 through 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dickey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dickey was born in Bastrop, Louisiana on June 6, 1907."
}
] |
Bill Dickey is from Kansas.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Dickey
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel by American writer Ray Bradbury, first published in 1953."
}
] |
gl5MfPuR5zggbGeQwcby
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Often regarded as one of his best works, the novel presents a future American society where books are outlawed and \"firemen\" burn any that are found."
},
{
"section_header": "Predictions for the future",
"text": "In a later interview, when asked if he believes that teaching Fahrenheit 451 in schools will prevent his totalitarian vision of the future, Bradbury replied in the negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "[...] Fire-Captain Beatty, in my novel Fahrenheit 451, described how the books were burned first by minorities, each ripping a page or a paragraph from this book, then that, until the day came when the books were empty and the minds shut and the libraries closed forever."
},
{
"section_header": "Predictions for the future",
"text": "It's thought control and freedom of speech control.\" Bradbury described himself as \"a preventor of futures, not a predictor of them.\" He did not believe that book burning was an inevitable part of the future; he wanted to warn against its development."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | \"The Hearth and the Salamander\"",
"text": "Guy Montag is a \"fireman\" employed to burn houses containing outlawed books."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Instead he usually claimed that the real messages of Fahrenheit 451 were about the dangers of an illiterate society infatuated with mass media and the threat of minority and special interest groups to books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1954, Fahrenheit 451 won the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature and the Commonwealth Club of California Gold Medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and development",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 would later echo this theme of an authoritarian society distracted by broadcast media."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and development",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 developed out of a series of ideas Bradbury had visited in previously written stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "but what is important is that he wrote about book burning\", thus referencing Fahrenheit 451 and Ray Bradbury."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel by American writer Ray Bradbury, first published in 1953."
}
] |
Fahrenheit 451 is a book that came out in 1954 and is about a British future society where books are outlawed
| 3 | 5 |
Fahrenheit 451
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "The McKinleys were of English and Scots-Irish descent and had settled in western Pennsylvania in the 18th century, tracing back to a David McKinley who was born in Dervock, County Antrim, in present-day Northern Ireland."
}
] |
gl9SivbwLlzg28LMvFcP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1897–1901) | 1900 election",
"text": "McKinley initially favored Elihu Root, who had succeeded Alger as Secretary of War, but McKinley decided that Root was doing too good a job at the War Department to move him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "The McKinleys were of English and Scots-Irish descent and had settled in western Pennsylvania in the 18th century, tracing back to a David McKinley who was born in Dervock, County Antrim, in present-day Northern Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "William McKinley Jr. was born in 1843 in Niles, Ohio, the seventh of nine children of William McKinley Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1896 | Obtaining the nomination",
"text": "It is unclear when William McKinley began to seriously prepare a run for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William McKinley (born William McKinley Jr.; January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States from 1897, until his assassination in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career and marriage",
"text": "William A. Lynch, a prominent local lawyer, and McKinley was defeated by 143 votes."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career and marriage",
"text": "Ida McKinley insisted that William continue his increasingly successful career in law and politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Funeral, memorials, and legacy | Funeral and resting place",
"text": "William and Ida McKinley are interred there with their daughters, atop a hillside overlooking the city of Canton."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Western Virginia and Antietam",
"text": "Among them were McKinley and his cousin William McKinley Osbourne, who enlisted as privates in the newly formed Poland Guards in June 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1897–1901) | Second term",
"text": "Soon after his second inauguration on March 4, 1901, William and Ida McKinley undertook a six-week tour of the nation."
}
] |
William McKinley had roots from England, Scotland and Ireland.
| 0 | 0 |
William McKinley
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the son of Ukrainian Jewish parents Jennie (née Resnick) and Samuel Joseph Bernstein, a hairdressing supplies wholesaler originating from Rovno (now Ukraine).His family spent their summers at their vacation home in Sharon, Massachusetts."
}
] |
glLSUPAcwsTOk1eOjN3U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence and characteristics as a composer | Anecdotes",
"text": "\" How was I to know he would grow up to be Leonard Bernstein?"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and characteristics as a conductor",
"text": "He also undoubtedly influenced the career choices of many American musicians who grew up watching his television programmes in the 1950s and 60s."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Leonard Bernstein Letters'."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "There are reports, though, that Bernstein did sometimes have brief extramarital liaisons with young men, which several family friends have said his wife knew about."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Bernstein, Leonard (1993) [1982]."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hashimoto went backstage and they ended up spending the night together."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Founding of Pacific Music Festival",
"text": "The Leonard Bernstein Center was established in April 1992, and initiated extensive school-based research, resulting in the Bernstein Model, the Leonard Bernstein Artful Learning Program."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1940: Education | Early musical influences",
"text": "Although he never taught Bernstein, Mitropoulos's charisma and power as a musician were a major influence on Bernstein's eventual decision to take up conducting."
},
{
"section_header": "Videography",
"text": "Bernstein: Reflections (1978), A rare personal portrait of Leonard Bernstein by Peter Rosen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At a very young age, Bernstein listened to a piano performance and was immediately captivated; he subsequently began studying the piano seriously when the family acquired his cousin Lillian Goldman's unwanted piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the son of Ukrainian Jewish parents Jennie (née Resnick) and Samuel Joseph Bernstein, a hairdressing supplies wholesaler originating from Rovno (now Ukraine).His family spent their summers at their vacation home in Sharon, Massachusetts."
}
] |
Leonard Bernstein grew up in a Russian family.
| 0 | 0 |
Leonard Bernstein
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith."
}
] |
glk1s5lTYDx4OnV9rHJI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "The Quineys had three children, all of whom died without marrying."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Sexuality",
"text": "Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Shakespeare's will uses a Protestant formula, and he was a confirmed member of the Church of England, where he was married, his children were baptised, and where he is buried."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "The Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but died without children in 1670, ending Shakespeare's direct line."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Sexuality",
"text": "At 18, he married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son."
}
] |
William Shakespeare was a glover and was married with three children .
| 0 | 0 |
William Shakespeare
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "According to the legendary account in the Kojiki, Emperor Jimmu was born on February 13, 711 BC (the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar), and died, again according to legend, on April 9, 585 BC (the eleventh day of the third month)."
}
] |
gm4z7z3K9lmQ7pQrXUmh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "According to the legendary account in the Kojiki, Emperor Jimmu was born on February 13, 711 BC (the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar), and died, again according to legend, on April 9, 585 BC (the eleventh day of the third month)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "Some media incorrectly attributed the phrase to Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "The Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki then combined these three mythical dynasties into one long and continuous genealogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His accession is traditionally dated as 660 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "In 1873, a holiday called Kigensetsu was established on February 11."
},
{
"section_header": "Consorts and children",
"text": "Kotoshironushi's daughter Prince Hikoyai (日子八井命) Second son: Prince Kamuyaimimi (神八井耳命, d.577 BC) Third son: Prince Kamununakawamimi (神渟名川耳尊), later Emperor Suizei"
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "The last of these, Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no mikoto, became Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "The sites at which these monuments were erected are known as Emperor Jimmu Sacred Historical Sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "Nihon Shoki gives the dates of his reign as 660–585 BC."
}
] |
Emperor Jimmu was born on February 14, 711 BC.
| 1 | 5 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The original production's musical numbers were staged as vaudeville acts; the film respects this but presents them as cutaway scenes in the mind of the Roxie character, while scenes in \"real life\" are filmed with a hard-edged grittiness. (This construct is the reason given by director Marshall why \"Class,\" performed by Velma and Mama, was cut from the film.) The musical itself was based on a 1926 Broadway play by Maurine Watkins about two real-life Jazz-era murderers Beulah Annan (Roxie Hart) and Belva Gaertner (Velma Kelly)."
}
] |
gnDl66sRg71q334VXc7l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Billy discredits the diary, implying that Harrison was the one who planted the evidence (\"A Tap Dance\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical black comedy crime film based on the 1975 stage musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The film is based on the 1975 Broadway musical, which ran for 936 performances but was not well received by audiences, primarily due to the show's cynical tone."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Tim Robey, writer for The Daily Telegraph in the United Kingdom, labeled Chicago as \"The best screen musical for 30 years.\" He also stated that it has taken a \"three-step tango for us to welcome back the movie musical as a form.\" Robey said \"This particular Chicago makes the most prolific use it possibly can out of one specific advantage the cinema has over the stage when it comes to song and dance: it's a sustained celebration of parallel montage.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it \"Big, brassy fun\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 86% approval rating, based on 256 reviews, with an average rating of 7.96/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "\" On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Roxie's trial begins, and Billy turns it into a media spectacle (\"Razzle Dazzle\") with the help of the sensationalist newspaper reporters and radio personality Mary Sunshine."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The original production's musical numbers were staged as vaudeville acts; the film respects this but presents them as cutaway scenes in the mind of the Roxie character, while scenes in \"real life\" are filmed with a hard-edged grittiness. (This construct is the reason given by director Marshall why \"Class,\" performed by Velma and Mama, was cut from the film.) The musical itself was based on a 1926 Broadway play by Maurine Watkins about two real-life Jazz-era murderers Beulah Annan (Roxie Hart) and Belva Gaertner (Velma Kelly)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She learns the backstories of the other women there, including Velma (\"Cell Block Tango\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Rivera originated the role of Velma Kelly in the Broadway musical Chicago in 1975; her appearance in the film is a cameo."
}
] |
The musical the film Chicago was based on was based in its turn on two women who were partners in bank robberies until one turned the other in.
| 0 | 0 |
Chicago (2002 film)
|
Technology
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Sponsorship",
"text": "Microsoft logo history The company was the official jersey sponsor of Finland's national basketball team at EuroBasket 2015."
}
] |
gnYUCuFZLXEPiEjGyc4T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Sponsorship",
"text": "Microsoft logo history The company was the official jersey sponsor of Finland's national basketball team at EuroBasket 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "In 2002, the company started using the logo in the United States and eventually started a television campaign with the slogan, changed from the previous tagline of \"Where do you want to go today?\" During the private MGX (Microsoft Global Exchange) conference in 2010, Microsoft unveiled the company's next tagline, \"Be What's Next."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "\"On August 23, 2012, Microsoft unveiled a new corporate logo at the opening of its 23rd Microsoft store in Boston, indicating the company's shift of focus from the classic style to the tile-centric modern interface, which it uses/will use on the Windows Phone platform, Xbox 360, Windows 8 and the upcoming Office Suites."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "Microsoft's logo with the tagline \"Your potential."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "The logo resembles the opening of one of the commercials for Windows 95."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "The new logo also includes four squares with the colors of the then-current Windows logo which have been used to represent Microsoft's four major products: Windows (blue), Office (red), Xbox (green) and Bing (yellow)."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "Microsoft adopted the so-called \"Pac-Man Logo\", designed by Scott Baker, in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "Baker stated \"The new logo, in Helvetica italic typeface, has a slash between the o and s to emphasize the \"soft\" part of the name and convey motion and speed.\" Dave Norris ran an internal joke campaign to save the old logo, which was green, in all uppercase, and featured a fanciful letter O, nicknamed the blibbet, but it was discarded."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On June 4, 2018, Microsoft officially announced the acquisition of GitHub for $7.5 billion, a deal that closed on October 26, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | United States government",
"text": "If the government has a broader voluntary national security program to gather customer data, we don't participate in it.\" During the first six months in 2013, Microsoft had received requests that affected between 15,000 and 15,999 accounts."
}
] |
The company's logo was the official jersey sponsor of Finland's national basketball at EuroBasket 2015
| 1 | 1 |
Microsoft
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Informally known as the Houses of Parliament after its occupants, the Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster, in central London, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Exterior | Grounds",
"text": "Victoria Tower Gardens is open as a public park along the side of the river south of the palace."
}
] |
goGV1yGSdPe9i1Ygx8dv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture and tourism",
"text": "The exterior of the Palace of Westminster—especially the Elizabeth Tower which houses the bell known as Big Ben, and its setting on the bank of the River Thames—is recognised worldwide, and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Elizabeth Tower, in particular, often referred to by the name of its main bell, Big Ben, has become an iconic landmark of London and of the United Kingdom in general, one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city, and an emblem of parliamentary democracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Informally known as the Houses of Parliament after its occupants, the Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster, in central London, England."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old Palace",
"text": "St Edward the Confessor, the penultimate Anglo-Saxon monarch of England, built a royal palace on Thorney Island just west of the City of London at about the same time as he built Westminster Abbey (1045–1050)."
},
{
"section_header": "Exterior | Grounds",
"text": "There are a number of small gardens surrounding the Palace of Westminster."
},
{
"section_header": "Exterior | Grounds",
"text": "Victoria Tower Gardens is open as a public park along the side of the river south of the palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Exterior | Towers",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster has three main towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Exterior | Towers",
"text": "There are some other features of the Palace of Westminster which are also known as towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Exterior | Towers",
"text": "The shortest of the Palace's three principal towers (at 91 metres (299 ft)), the octagonal Central Tower stands over the middle of the building, immediately above the Central Lobby."
},
{
"section_header": "Security | Incidents",
"text": "The New Palace became the target of Fenian bombs on 24 January 1885, along with the Tower of London."
}
] |
The Palace of Westminster towers above the Victory WWI gardens and is the most visited tourist city of Manchester, London.
| 0 | 0 |
Palace of Westminster
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nitrogen is the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens."
}
] |
goIXeZd7ia7XjJWF738T
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Properties | Isotopes",
"text": "No other nitrogen isotopes are possible as they would fall outside the nuclear drip lines, leaking out a proton or neutron."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nitrogen is the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Finally, it led to the name \"pnictogens\" for the group headed by nitrogen, from the Greek πνίγειν \"to choke\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Atomic",
"text": "Nitrogen may be usefully compared to its horizontal neighbours carbon and oxygen as well as its vertical neighbours in the pnictogen column, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Though Lavoisier's name was not accepted in English, since it was pointed out that almost all gases (indeed, with the sole exception of oxygen) are mephitic, it is used in many languages (French, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Russian, Albanian, Turkish, etc.; the German Stickstoff similarly refers to the same characteristic, viz."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Allotropes",
"text": "N single bond (160 kJ⋅mol−1): N single bond (160 kJ⋅mol−1): indeed, the triple bond has more than thrice the energy of the single bond. (The opposite is true for the heavier pnictogens, which prefer polyatomic allotropes.) A great disadvantage is that most neutral polynitrogens are not expected to have a large barrier towards decomposition, and that the few exceptions would be even more challenging to synthesise than the long-sought but still unknown tetrahedrane."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Organic nitrogen compounds",
"text": "Nitrogen is one of the most important elements in organic chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Organic nitrogen compounds",
"text": "C– N bonds are strongly polarised towards nitrogen."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Organic nitrogen compounds",
"text": "The amount of nitrogen in a chemical substance can be determined by the Kjeldahl method."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry and compounds | Allotropes | Black nitrogen",
"text": "In early 2020, researchers at the university of Bayreuth found a new allotrope, the so-called 'black nitrogen'."
}
] |
Nitrogen is the heaviest out of the pnictogens.
| 0 | 0 |
Nitrogen
|
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