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History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence."
}
] |
fC1LysPqBzsYK0Przx9L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "Most medieval battles were short-lived, lasting only a few hours, so the Battle of Bannockburn is unusual in that it lasted two days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The victory against the English at Bannockburn is the most celebrated in Scottish history, and for centuries the battle has been commemorated in verse and art."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "The project is a partnership between the National Trust for Scotland and Historic Environment Scotland, funded by the Scottish Government and the Heritage Lottery Fund."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1304, Scotland had been conquered, but in 1306 Robert the Bruce seized the Scottish throne and the war was reopened."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The National Trust for Scotland operates the Bannockburn Visitor Centre (previously known as the Bannockburn Heritage Centre)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Arts",
"text": "The chorus of Scotland's unofficial national anthem Flower of Scotland refers to Scotland's victory over Edward and the English at Bannockburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Edward assembled a formidable force of soldiers from England, Ireland and Wales to relieve it – the largest army ever to invade Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Under the treaty the English crown recognised the full independence of the Kingdom of Scotland, and acknowledged Robert the Bruce, and his heirs and successors, as the rightful rulers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "In 1932 the Bannockburn Preservation Committee, under Edward Bruce, 10th Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, presented lands to the National Trust for Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence."
}
] |
For 48 hours, Scotland fought against the British.
| 0 | 4 |
Battle of Bannockburn
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chaplin's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship, as his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, and he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine."
}
] |
fC9Ybqy3kX93mjy4A0j2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1889–1913: Early years | Background and childhood hardship",
"text": "Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16 April 1889 to Hannah Chaplin (born Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill) and Charles Chaplin Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1953–1977: European years | Final works and renewed appreciation",
"text": "Although Chaplin still had plans for future film projects, by the mid-1970s he was very frail."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1918–1922: First National | United Artists, Mildred Harris, and The Kid",
"text": "Norman Spencer Chaplin was born malformed and died three days later."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemoration and tributes",
"text": "Chaplin has also been honoured by the Irish town of Waterville, where he spent several summers with his family in the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1923–1938: Silent features | City Lights",
"text": "One journalist wrote, \"Nobody in the world but Charlie Chaplin could have done it."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1914–1917: Entering films | Keystone",
"text": "I began to know him, and by the time I walked on stage he was fully born."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1889–1913: Early years | Background and childhood hardship",
"text": "There is no official record of his birth, although Chaplin believed he was born at East Street, Walworth, in South London."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1923–1938: Silent features | Lita Grey and The Circus",
"text": "In November 1926, Grey took the children and left the family home."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1923–1938: Silent features | Lita Grey and The Circus",
"text": "Their first son, Charles Spencer Chaplin, Jr., was born on 5 May 1925, followed by Sydney Earl Chaplin on 30 March 1926.It"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemoration and tributes",
"text": "The city also includes a road named after him in central London, \"Charlie Chaplin Walk\", which is the location of the BFI IMAX."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chaplin's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship, as his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, and he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine."
}
] |
Charlie Chaplin was born into a very affluent family.
| 3 | 5 |
Charlie Chaplin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Christine retrieves a box from her room and gives him the poison instead."
}
] |
fCRNt4T6OZxjnwctmb1C
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters and background",
"text": "Thus, Mourning Becomes Electra is extraordinarily lengthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "There are literary readings that classify Mourning Becomes Electra in the naturalism movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mourning Becomes Electra is a play cycle written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters and background",
"text": "Mourning Becomes Electra is divided into three plays with themes that correspond to the Oresteia trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "that they poison Ezra and attribute his death to his heart trouble."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters and background",
"text": "Electra becomes Lavinia, Aegisthus becomes Adam Brant, etc."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters and background",
"text": "For example, Agamemnon from the Oresteia becomes General Ezra Mannon."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Christine retrieves a box from her room and gives him the poison instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She loves Lavinia's brother Orin because he always seemed to be hers alone, and never Ezra's."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters and background",
"text": "Clytemnestra becomes Christine, Orestes becomes Orin,"
}
] |
In Mourning Becomes Electra, Ezra is poisoned by his brother.
| 0 | 0 |
Mourning Becomes Electra
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the last European war primarily driven by the Bourbon-Habsburg rivalry, and marked the rise of Prussia as a major power."
}
] |
fDBAWm4LLshgpZ9vMl9L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Related wars",
"text": "First Carnatic War — Anglo-French rivalry in India often seen as a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession. Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) — Swedish and Russian participation in the War of the Austrian Succession. King George's War — American participation in the War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Related wars",
"text": "War of Jenkins' Ear — Anglo-Spanish war which merged into the War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The War of the Austrian Succession (German: Österreichischer Erbfolgekrieg) was a European war fought between 1740 and 1748."
},
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies",
"text": "In the War of the Austrian Succession, the British were allied with Austria; by the time of the Seven Years' War, they were allied with its enemy, Prussia."
},
{
"section_header": "Military overview and strategies | Methods and technologies",
"text": "The War of the Austrian Succession, like most European wars of the eighteenth century, was fought as a so-called cabinet war in which disciplined regular armies were equipped and supplied by the state to conduct warfare on behalf of the sovereign's interests."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign of 1741",
"text": "Under the prevailing rules of war, this allowed them to receive a pass to the nearest friendly territory, and thus be used against Prussia's allies, rather than being taken prisoner."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Attempts to offset this involved Austria in the 1734-1735 War of the Polish Succession and the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, and it was weakened by the losses incurred."
},
{
"section_header": "Italian Campaigns, 1741–47",
"text": "Prior to the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) Spain and Austria had been ruled by the same (Habsburg) royal house."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peace of 1748",
"text": "In Austria, reactions were mixed; Maria Theresa was determined to regain Silesia and resented British support for Prussia's occupation."
},
{
"section_header": "Related wars",
"text": "First Silesian War (1740–1742) — Prussian invasion and ensuing Central European theatre of the war"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the last European war primarily driven by the Bourbon-Habsburg rivalry, and marked the rise of Prussia as a major power."
}
] |
The War of the Austrian Succession did not contribute to Prussia's raise.
| 3 | 5 |
War of the Austrian Succession
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Bottomley played in Major League Baseball from 1922 through 1937 for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, and St. Louis Browns."
}
] |
fDE5CUl9ncxz6NpzvugR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "He also played six games for the Sioux City Packers of the Class-A Western League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Leroy Bottomley (April 23, 1900 – December 11, 1959) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bottomley was nicknamed \"Sunny Jim\" because of his cheerful disposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was playing semi-professional baseball, the Cardinals scouted and signed Bottomley."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His younger brother, Ralph, died in a mining accident in 1920.Bottomley also played semi-professional baseball for several local teams to make additional money, earning $5 a game ($85 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "During his time in the minor leagues, the media began to call Bottomley \"Sunny Jim\", due to his pleasant disposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After finishing his playing career with the Browns, Bottomley joined the Chicago Cubs organization as a scout and minor league baseball manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Before the 1936 season, the Reds traded Bottomley to the St. Louis Browns of the American League (AL), who were managed by Hornsby, for Johnny Burnett."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "That offseason, other teams began to attempt to trade for either Bottomley or Collins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Bottomley played in Major League Baseball from 1922 through 1937 for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, and St. Louis Browns."
}
] |
Jim Bottomley played for six American baseball teams .
| 1 | 3 |
Jim Bottomley
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: ابو الفتح جلال الدين محمد اكبر; October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great, (Akbar-i-azam اکبر اعظم), and also as Akbar I (IPA: [əkbər]) , was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include much of the Indian subcontinent."
}
] |
fDTBjkn79nfD8iDjTDUY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Safavids and Kandahar",
"text": "In 1558, while Akbar was consolidating his rule over northern India, the Safavid emperor, Tahmasp I, had seized Kandahar and expelled its Mughal governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Conquest of Rajputana",
"text": "Having established Mughal rule over northern India, Akbar turned his attention to the conquest of Rajputana."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Military innovations",
"text": "Akbar was accorded the epithet \"the Great\" because of his many accomplishments, including his record of unbeaten military campaigns that consolidated Mughal rule in the Indian subcontinent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His power and influence, however, extended over the entire subcontinent because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accounts | Akbarnāma, the Book of Akbar",
"text": "The Akbarnāma (Persian: اکبر نامہ), which literally means Book of Akbar, is an official biographical account of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor (r. 1542–1605), written in Persian."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India",
"text": "Following a third revolt with the proclamation of Mirza Muhammad Hakim, Akbar's brother and the Mughal ruler of Kabul, as emperor, his patience was finally exhausted."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Safavids and Kandahar",
"text": "The recovery of Kandahar had not been a priority for Akbar, but after his prolonged military activity in the northern frontiers, a move to restore Mughal rule over the region became desirable."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India",
"text": "The territory was ruled over by Raja Vir Narayan, a minor, and his mother, Durgavati, a Rajput warrior queen of the Gonds."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Safavids and Kandahar",
"text": "However, the Safavids considered it as an appanage of the Persian ruled territory of Khorasan and declared its association with the Mughal emperors to be a usurpation."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in Afghanistan and Central Asia",
"text": "Mughal rule over today's Afghanistan was finally secure, particularly after the passing of the Uzbek threat with the death of Abdullah Khan in 1598."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: ابو الفتح جلال الدين محمد اكبر; October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great, (Akbar-i-azam اکبر اعظم), and also as Akbar I (IPA: [əkbər]) , was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include much of the Indian subcontinent."
}
] |
Akbar was the third Mughal emperor and ruled over most of the subcontinent of India.
| 0 | 0 |
Akbar
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "Boyer performed comic sketches for soldiers while working as a hospital orderly during World War I."
}
] |
fDnz5id57sjSJt1WXzIR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "Boyer did not abandon cinema: he had leading roles in The 13th Letter (1951), The First Legion (1952), and The Happy Time (1952)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Four Star Playhouse",
"text": "It was made by Four Star Productions which would make Boyer and partners David Niven and Dick Powell rich."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Walter Wanger",
"text": "Boyer returned to France briefly to make Orage (1938), opposite Michèle Morgan for director Marc Allégret."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II",
"text": "By November, Boyer was discharged from the army and back in Hollywood as the French government thought he would be of more service making films."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early trips to Hollywood",
"text": "It was his first English speaking role."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II",
"text": "He went back to France to make Le corsaire (1939) for Marc Allégret."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II",
"text": "He was making the movie in Nice when France declared war on Germany in September 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "Boyer went to Broadway, where he made his first appearance in Red Gloves (1948–49), based on Dirty Hands by Jean-Paul Sartre, which went for 113 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to France",
"text": "Then in France he starred in Liliom (1934), directed by Fritz Lang, his first classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II",
"text": "When Bette Davis first saw him on the set of All This, and Heaven Too, she did not recognize him and tried to have him removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "Boyer performed comic sketches for soldiers while working as a hospital orderly during World War I."
}
] |
Boyer first job was to make injured people happy.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Boyer
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "\" In The Chicago Daily Tribune, H. L. Mencken called the book \"in form no more than a glorified anecdote, and not too probable at that,\" while praising the book's \"charm and beauty of the writing\" and the \"careful and brilliant finish.\" Several writers felt that the novel left much to be desired following Fitzgerald's previous works and promptly criticized him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First published by Scribner's in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly."
}
] |
fDqSoMlw5Rw7gsXbtMDt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "He had received a $3,939 advance in 1923 and $1,981.25 upon publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "Fitzgerald received letters of praise from contemporaries T. S. Eliot, Edith Wharton, and Willa Cather regarding the novel; however, this was private opinion, and Fitzgerald feverishly sought the public recognition of reviewers and readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "\" In The Chicago Daily Tribune, H. L. Mencken called the book \"in form no more than a glorified anecdote, and not too probable at that,\" while praising the book's \"charm and beauty of the writing\" and the \"careful and brilliant finish.\" Several writers felt that the novel left much to be desired following Fitzgerald's previous works and promptly criticized him."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "The work, called The Great Gatsby, premiered on December 20, 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "For several years afterward, the general public believed The Great Gatsby to be nothing more than a nostalgic period piece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The novel's U.S. copyright will expire on January 1, 2021, when all works published in 1925 enter the public domain in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival and reassessment",
"text": "He emphasized The Great Gatsby's positive reception by literary critics, which may have influenced public opinion and renewed interest in it."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Other interpretations",
"text": "Environmental criticism of Gatsby seeks to place the novel and its characters in historical context almost a century after its original publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "Fitzgerald called Perkins on the day of publication to monitor reviews: \"Any news?\" \"Sales situation doubtful,\" read a wire from Perkins on April 20, \"[but] excellent reviews.\" Fitzgerald responded on April 24, saying the cable \"depressed\" him, closing the letter with \"Yours in great depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews from literary critics of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First published by Scribner's in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly."
}
] |
The work called The Great Gatsby received much praise from the public and flew off the book shelves after its publication.
| 0 | 0 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Juvenile",
"text": "Carter began feuding with former Hot Boys member and Cash Money Records labelmate Juvenile in 2002, after Juvenile took offense to Carter naming his third studio album 500 Degreez, a diss aimed towards Juvenile whose last album was named 400 Degreez."
},
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Juvenile",
"text": "Juvenile responded with a diss track on his 2002 album 600 Degreez, titled \"A Hoe\"."
}
] |
fE5Am6MqbuKUvUF6DRkm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Pusha T",
"text": "However, once the feud between Lil Wayne and Birdman arose, Pusha T sent out a tweet encouraging Lil Wayne to sign to G.O.O.D. Music, which also insulted Birdman for his hand-rubbing habit."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–13: I Am Not a Human Being series and Tha Carter IV",
"text": "On January 8, 2012, according to Nielsen SoundScan was elected the seventh artist (second male artist) all-time best-selling tracks digital with 36,788,000 million to the end of 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. (born September 27, 1982), better known by his stage name Lil Wayne, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record executive, entrepreneur, and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "So I don't want to be Dwayne, I'd rather be Wayne\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Pusha T",
"text": "Both men have downplayed the feud, with Wayne saying he's over it."
},
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Juvenile",
"text": "The two eventually reconciled once again, and Juvenile re-signed with Cash Money Records in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. was born on September 27, 1982, and spent his first few years in the impoverished Hollygrove neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was put in a duo with label-mate B.G., at that time known as Lil Doogie, and they recorded an album, True Story, released that year, although Wayne (who was at that time known as Baby D) only appeared on three tracks."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1999–2004: Tha Block Is Hot, Lights Out, and 500 Degreez",
"text": "The album earned Carter a 1999 Source magazine nomination for \"Best New Artist\", and also became a Top Ten hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In a CBS interview with Katie Couric, Carter described why he goes by the name of \"Wayne\" instead of his given name, Dwayne."
},
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Juvenile",
"text": "Carter began feuding with former Hot Boys member and Cash Money Records labelmate Juvenile in 2002, after Juvenile took offense to Carter naming his third studio album 500 Degreez, a diss aimed towards Juvenile whose last album was named 400 Degreez."
},
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Juvenile",
"text": "Juvenile responded with a diss track on his 2002 album 600 Degreez, titled \"A Hoe\"."
}
] |
Lil' Wayne, or Dwayne Michael Carter, had possibly the best feud of all time with an artist that once shared his label.
| 0 | 2 |
Lil Wayne
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
fEWy7ayIQHtNqysaZxZi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Wilhelm was named to the NL All-Star team that year, but he did not play in the game because team manager Charlie Dressen did not think that any of the catchers could handle his knuckleball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "After the 1968 season, MLB expanded and an expansion draft was conducted in which the new teams could select certain players from the established teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Wilhelm made his MLB debut with the Giants on April 18, 1952 at age 29, giving up a hit and two walks while only recording one out."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "During one of Wilhelm's appearances that season, catcher Ray Katt committed four passed balls in one inning to set the major league record; the record has subsequently been tied twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "Richards was well equipped with starting pitchers during that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The 1954 World Series represented Wilhelm's only career postseason play."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "On September 20 of that year, Wilhelm no-hit the eventual World Champion New York Yankees 1-0 at Memorial Stadium, in only his ninth career start."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "During one April game, catcher Gus Triandos had four passed balls while catching for Wilhelm and he described the game as \"the roughest day I ever put in during my life.\" Author Bill James has written that Wilhelm and Triandos \"established the principle that a knuckleball pitcher and a big, slow catcher make an awful combination."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Though Wilhelm was primarily a starting pitcher in the minor leagues, he had been called up to a Giants team whose strong starting pitchers had led them to a National League (NL) pennant the year before."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The team won the World Series in a four-game sweep."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
During his 20 year career, Wilhelm played on nine different MLB teams.
| 1 | 3 |
Hoyt Wilhelm
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun."
}
] |
fEiOocrXIAfMvdibBMGl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "In Salzburg, Austria, just before World War II, nuns from Nonnberg Abbey sing the Dixit Dominus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" The New York World-Telegram and Sun pronounced The Sound of Music \"the loveliest musical imaginable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "The Ländler dance performed by Maria and the Captain during the party is only loosely based on the traditional Austrian dance of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "As she apologizes, they hear the children singing \"The Sound of Music\", which she had taught them, to welcome Elsa Schräder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound of Music was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein; Oscar Hammerstein died of stomach cancer nine months after the Broadway premiere."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "One of the postulants, Maria Rainer, is on the nearby mountainside, regretting leaving the beautiful hills (\"The Sound of Music\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "He praised Mary Martin's performance, saying \"she still has the same common touch ... same sharp features, goodwill, and glowing personality that makes music sound intimate and familiar\" and stated that \"the best of the Sound of Music is Rodgers and Hammerstein in good form\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many songs from the musical have become standards, such as \"Edelweiss\", \"My Favorite Things\", \"Climb Ev'ry Mountain\", \"Do-Re-Mi\", and the title song \"The Sound of Music\"."
}
] |
The Sound of Music is set in Germany during World War II.
| 1 | 1 |
The Sound of Music
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Realizing the effects of Elsa's spell on Anna, Kristoff takes her to the trolls, his adoptive family."
}
] |
fEwwQWpJmcAO9oXYPh6v
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naive snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis",
"text": "and I like to do – we essentially create two imperfect princesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She meets an iceman named Kristoff and his reindeer, Sven, convincing them to take her to the mountains."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis",
"text": "the film's more typical heroes – Princess Anna."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Writing",
"text": "That month, Disney conducted test screenings of the part-completed film with two audiences (one of families and the other of adults) in Phoenix, Arizona, at which Lasseter and Catmull were present."
},
{
"section_header": "Voice cast",
"text": "Spencer Lacey Ganus as 12-year-old Elsa Jonathan Groff as Kristoff, an iceman who is accompanied by a reindeer named SvenTyree Brown as 8-year-old Kristoff Josh Gad as Olaf, a sentient comic-relief snowman that Elsa and Anna created as children, who dreams of experiencing summer Santino Fontana as Hans, a prince from the Southern Isles"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Princess Elsa of Arendelle possesses magical powers that allow her to control and create ice and snow, often using them to play with her younger sister, Anna."
},
{
"section_header": "Voice cast",
"text": "Kristen Bell as Anna, the 18-year-old Princess of Arendelle and Elsa's younger sisterLivvy Stubenrauch as 5-year-old Anna"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies | Portrayal of emotions",
"text": "Male. Male. Female. Male. Male. Female. Snowman. Animal.\" He added, \"The really sad thing is people took that ... catchy headline"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Realizing the effects of Elsa's spell on Anna, Kristoff takes her to the trolls, his adoptive family."
}
] |
Frozen is a 2013 Disney film about a snowman, two princesses, an iceman with his loyal reindeer and has tiny people heal one of the princesses.
| 0 | 3 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "Mandela was also criticised for his friendship with political leaders such as Castro, Gaddafi, and Suharto—deemed dictators by critics—as well as his refusal to condemn their governments' human rights violations."
}
] |
fFFRYjmp0jjNjsbwlBUv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency of South Africa: 1994–1999 | Withdrawing from politics",
"text": "During a 1997 visit to London, he said that \"the ruler of South Africa, the de facto ruler, is Thabo Mbeki\" and that he was \"shifting everything to him\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology",
"text": "Mandela adopted some of his political ideas from other thinkers—among them Indian independence leaders like Gandhi and Nehru, African-American civil rights activists, and African nationalists like Nkrumah—and applied them to the South African situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of South Africa: 1994–1999 | National reconciliation",
"text": "Mandela praised the commission's work, stating that it \"had helped us move away from the past to concentrate on the present and the future\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary activity | Law studies and the ANC Youth League: 1943–1949",
"text": "Despite his friendships with non-blacks and communists, Mandela embraced Lembede's views, believing that black Africans should be entirely independent in their struggle for political self-determination."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology",
"text": "In doing so he synthesised both counter-cultural and hegemonic views, for instance by drawing upon ideas from the then-dominant Afrikaner nationalism in promoting his anti-apartheid vision."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality and personal life",
"text": "For political scientists Betty Glad and Robert Blanton, Mandela was an \"exceptionally intelligent, shrewd, and loyal leader\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Socialism and Marxism",
"text": "Mandela's view of these Western governments differed from those of Marxist–Leninists, for he did not believe that they were anti-democratic or reactionary and remained committed to democratic systems of governance."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology",
"text": "\"The historian Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni described Mandela as a \"liberal African nationalist–decolonial humanist\", while political analyst Raymond Suttner cautioned against labelling Mandela a liberal and stated that Mandela displayed a \"hybrid socio-political make-up\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Imprisonment | Robben Island: 1964–1982",
"text": "The political prisoners took part in work and hunger strikes—the latter considered largely ineffective by Mandela—to improve prison conditions, viewing this as a microcosm of the anti-apartheid struggle."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "Mandela was also criticised for his friendship with political leaders such as Castro, Gaddafi, and Suharto—deemed dictators by critics—as well as his refusal to condemn their governments' human rights violations."
}
] |
Mandela was praised for his companionship with political leaders who were viewed as rulers.
| 0 | 2 |
Nelson Mandela
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice and fourth-longest serving justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court."
}
] |
fFWdPLiJV8KZOOcSciKf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, he joined the Continental Army, serving in numerous battles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice and fourth-longest serving justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1755 to 1782)",
"text": "During the American Revolutionary War, he served in several battles, including the Battle of Brandywine, and endured the winter at Valley Forge."
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments and memorials",
"text": "His father, Joseph Story, had served on the Supreme Court with Marshall."
},
{
"section_header": "Adams administration (1797 to 1801) | Nomination as Chief Justice",
"text": "Senate at first delayed confirming Marshall, as many senators hoped that Adams would choose a different individual to serve as chief justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prior to joining the Supreme Court (and for one month simultaneous to his tenure as Chief Justice), Marshall served as the United States Secretary of State under President John Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1755 to 1782)",
"text": "In 1776, Marshall became a lieutenant in the Eleventh Virginia Regiment of the Continental Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1755 to 1782)",
"text": "After briefly rejoining the Continental Army, Marshall won election to the Virginia House of Delegates in early 1782."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and legacy",
"text": "The Supreme Court, like many state supreme courts, was a minor organ of government."
}
] |
American politician John Marshall was the longest serving chief Supreme Court Justice and was part of the Continental Army where he served in many battles.
| 0 | 0 |
John Marshall
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacob Peter Beckley (August 4, 1867 – June 25, 1918), nicknamed Eagle Eye, was an American professional baseball first baseman."
}
] |
fFXr7JNRsr8TWbo0hlXV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley was born in Hannibal, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the son of Bernhart and Rosina (Neth) Beckley."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beckley had a batting average of over .300 in 13 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley began playing semi-professional baseball while still a teenager."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Beckley stated he was willing to go to the PL because \"I'm only in this game for the money anyway."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Beckley died of heart disease in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 50."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2016, the Hannibal Cavemen of the Prospect League installed the Jake Beckley ."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "On July 25, 1896, Beckley was traded to the New York Giants for Harry Davis and $1,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Beckley married Molly Murphy of Hannibal in 1891, but she died of tuberculosis seven months after their wedding."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "As of the 2014 season, Beckley holds the all-time best batting average among Pirates first basemen (.300)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacob Peter Beckley (August 4, 1867 – June 25, 1918), nicknamed Eagle Eye, was an American professional baseball first baseman."
}
] |
Beckley was sometimes referred to as "Eagle Eye".
| 0 | 0 |
Jake Beckley
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jones ended his career in 2012 with a .303 career batting average, 468 home runs, and 1,623 RBI."
}
] |
fFmqWmTq6giKQM1YHGTf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "Jones ended his career hitting over .300 from each side of home plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "He hit a solo home run in Atlanta's 4–3 win, ending up with a career record of .429 (21-for-49) with five home runs on his birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jones ended his career in 2012 with a .303 career batting average, 468 home runs, and 1,623 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1993–1998",
"text": "Chipper Jones debuted on September 11, 1993, as the youngest player in the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "ESPN named Chipper Jones the Burger King 'King of the Night' for this performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2008–2011",
"text": "On August 19, 2011, Jones confirmed that he would return for the 2012 season, the final year on his contract, thus ending ongoing speculation about his possible retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "Following the announcement, a fan tribute song called \"The Chipper Jones Song\" was featured in a number of sports blogs."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2000–2005",
"text": "Following the 2005 season, Jones reworked his contract with the Braves—freeing up money for the Braves to pursue elite free agents, while virtually assuring he would end his career in Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "He opened the Chipper Jones's 10th Inning Baseball Academy in Suwanee, Georgia, in late 2007."
}
] |
Chipper Jones ended his career hitting .304.
| 0 | 2 |
Chipper Jones
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo releases and performs music in Korean, Mandarin, and Japanese."
}
] |
fFuQfWRKFc1R9eh5zNJ5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2015: Critical acclaim",
"text": "On December 10, Exo released its second winter special release and fourth EP, Sing for You, containing the singles"
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and influence",
"text": "Exo have been described as \"the biggest boy band in the world\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musicality",
"text": "We try and do things that are fresh and original but yet still sound like Exo. ... They can sing, they can dance, they have the energy ... It's like a painter having every color to paint with."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "Part of the proceeds from the band's second special winter release Sing for You and multiple subsequent albums were donated to the campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2016–2017: Worldwide success",
"text": "The album broke the record for the highest first-week sales of a Korean album, previously set by the band's own fourth EP Sing For You."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015: Critical acclaim",
"text": "\"Sing for You\" and \"Unfair\". The album sold 267,900 copies in its first week, breaking the record for the highest first-week sales by a Korean artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band was formed by SM Entertainment in 2011 and debuted in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and influence",
"text": "In 2018, Exo became \"quintuple million sellers\", meaning the band has sold over one million copies apiece for five different albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band ranked as one of the top five most influential celebrities on the Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list each year from 2014 to 2018, and have been named \"the biggest boy band in the world\" and the \"kings of K-pop\" by media outlets."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2018–present: International recognition",
"text": "This achievement made Exo the first non-Japanese band whose debut single and debut studio album both reached number one on the weekly Oricon chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo releases and performs music in Korean, Mandarin, and Japanese."
}
] |
The band Exo sometimes sings in English.
| 0 | 0 |
Exo (band)
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "Because of its number-one position in what became a very long list of pocket editions, Lost Horizon is often mistakenly called the first American paperback book, when in fact paperbacks had been around since the mid-1800s."
}
] |
fGcWOo3HLwYqA94zCCMm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "What made Pocket Book #1 of revolutionary importance was that it was the first \"mass-market\" paperback; mass market paperbacks allowed people of modest means not only to own books they otherwise could not afford, but also to slip the paperback into their pocket for casual reading on the go, hence the name \"Pocket Book\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "Because of its number-one position in what became a very long list of pocket editions, Lost Horizon is often mistakenly called the first American paperback book, when in fact paperbacks had been around since the mid-1800s."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "By the 1960s, Pocket Books alone, over the course of more than 40 printings, had sold several million copies of Lost Horizon, helping to make it one of the most popular novels of the 20th Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Overview",
"text": "The narrator wonders whether Conway can find his way back to his lost paradise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lost Horizon is a 1933 novel by English writer James Hilton."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Overview",
"text": "The last time Rutherford saw Conway, it appeared he was preparing to make his way back to Shangri-La."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Overview",
"text": "Conway recovered his memory, told Rutherford his story (which Rutherford recorded in a manuscript), and then slipped away again. Rutherford gives the neurologist his manuscript, which becomes the heart of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical",
"text": "The book also served as the basis for the unsuccessful 1956 Broadway musical Shangri-La."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was turned into a film, also called Lost Horizon, in 1937 by director Frank Capra."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The book has been adapted for film three times: Lost Horizon (1937), directed by Frank Capra"
}
] |
This novel was the first paper back book in America.
| 1 | 3 |
Lost Horizon
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Massacre of missionaries and Chinese Christians",
"text": "The Boxers went on to murder Christians across 26 prefectures."
}
] |
fGeG6nuPIb7B335sMU66
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boxer Rebellion (拳亂), Boxer Uprising, or Yihetuan Movement (義和團運動) was an anti-imperialist, anti-foreign, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "Foreign navies started building up their presence along the northern China coast from the end of April 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre of missionaries and Chinese Christians",
"text": "The Boxers went on to murder Christians across 26 prefectures."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "In the U.S. military, the action in the Boxer Rebellion was known as the China Relief Expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Occupation, looting, and atrocities",
"text": "Many of these looted items ended up in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Intensifying crisis",
"text": "The German Kaiser Wilhelm II was so alarmed by the Chinese Muslim troops that he requested the Caliph Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire to find a way to stop the Muslim troops from fighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Occupation, looting, and atrocities",
"text": "Yuan operated out of Baoding during the campaign, which ended in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Later representations",
"text": "Tulku, a 1979 children's novel by Peter Dickinson, includes the effects of the Boxer Rebellion on a remote part of China."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre of missionaries and Chinese Christians",
"text": "By the summer's end, more foreigners and as many as 2,000 Chinese Christians had been put to death in the province."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After several months of growing violence and murder in Shandong and the North China Plain against foreign and Christian presence in June 1900, Boxer fighters, convinced they were invulnerable to foreign weapons, converged on Beijing with the slogan Support the Qing government and exterminate the foreigners."
}
] |
The Boxer Rebellion in China ended in the murder of Muslims.
| 0 | 0 |
Boxer Rebellion
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The towers are prominently featured and mentioned by name in the 1999 film Entrapment, with numerous scenes filmed at the towers, with the climax set on the skybridge."
}
] |
fGsYXfZwPs62oMqEuAQG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "A1-A6 (Tower 1) & A7-A12 (Tower 2)(Bank"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61, 69-83 E1-E3 (Tower 1) & E4-E6 (Tower 2)(Bank E Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61-73 TE1-TE2 (Tower 1) & TE3-TE4 (Tower 2)(Upper Level Passenger Lift): 83, 85, 86 SH1-SH5 (Tower 1) & SH6-SH10 (Tower 2)(Shuttle Lift) : G/1, 41/42"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The skybridge also acts as a safety device, so that in the event of a fire or other emergency in one tower, tenants can evacuate by crossing the skybridge to the other tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Service building",
"text": "S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) (Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-38, 40-84 S3 (Tower 1) & S6(Tower 2) (Lower Level Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-37 F1-F2 S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) S1-S2 (Tower 1) & S4-S5 (Tower 2) (Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-38, 40-84 S3 (Tower 1) & S6(Tower 2) (Lower Level Service Lift): P1, C, G, 2-6, 8-37 F1-F2 (Tower 1) & F3-F4 (Tower 2) (Fireman Service Lift): P1, C, CM, G, 1-6, 8-38, 40-84, 84M1, 84M2, 85, 86 (F1 & F3 non-stop at Level 1) The service building is to the east of the Petronas Towers and contains the chiller plant system and the cooling towers to keep the Petronas Towers cool and comfortable."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The towers are prominently featured and mentioned by name in the 1999 film Entrapment, with numerous scenes filmed at the towers, with the climax set on the skybridge."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2016 film Independence Day: Resurgence, the towers are dropped onto the London Tower Bridge by aliens, with a character commenting: \"They like to get the landmarks\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "It also provides some structural support to the towers in these occasions."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "The lift operating chart of the Petronas Towers"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The towers made its appearance, in the animated series"
}
] |
The towers have been showcased in a movie.
| 1 | 9 |
Petronas Towers
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály Method."
}
] |
fGttNwjb9rbidaxFB9La
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zoltán Kodály (; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Born in Kecskemét, Hungary, Kodály learned to play the violin as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "The Hungarian music education program that developed in the 1940s became the basis for what is called the \"Kodály Method\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In 1906 he wrote a thesis on Hungarian folk song, \"Strophic Construction in Hungarian Folksong\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "Stage worksHáry János, Op. 15 (1926) Székelyfonó (The Spinning Room) (1924–1932)OrchestralIdyll Summer Evening (1906, revised 1929) Háry János Suite (1926) Dances of Marosszék (1929; orchestration of the 1927 piano set) Theatre Overture (1931) (originally intended for Háry János) Dances of Galánta (1933) Variations on a Hungarian folk song (Fölszállott a páva, or The Peacock Roared, 1939) Concerto for Orchestra (1940) Symphony in memoriam Toscanini (1961)Chamber or instrumentalAdagio for Violin (or Viola or Cello) and Piano (1905) Intermezzo for String Trio (1905) Stage worksHáry János, Op. 15 (1926) Székelyfonó (The Spinning Room) (1924–1932)OrchestralIdyll Summer Evening (1906, revised 1929) Háry János Suite (1926) Dances of Marosszék (1929; orchestration of the 1927 piano set) Theatre Overture (1931) (originally intended for Háry János) Dances of Galánta (1933) Variations on a Hungarian folk song (Fölszállott a páva, or The Peacock Roared, 1939) Concerto for Orchestra (1940) Symphony in memoriam Toscanini (1961)Chamber or instrumentalAdagio for Violin (or Viola or Cello) and Piano (1905) Intermezzo for String Trio (1905) Seven Pieces for Piano, Op. 11 (1918) String Quartet"
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) Epigrammak (1954)ChoralEste (Evening) (1904) No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) Epigrammak (1954)ChoralEste (Evening) (1904) Psalmus Hungaricus, Op. 13 (1923) Mátrai képek (Mátra Pictures) for choir a cappella (1931) Jézus és a kufárok (Jesus and the Traders) for choir"
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 (1910) Duo for Violin and Cello, Op. 7 No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 (1910) Duo for Violin and Cello, Op. 7 (1914) Sonata for Solo Cello, Op. 8 (1915) String Quartet"
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "All these works show great originality of form and content, a very interesting blend of highly sophisticated mastery of the western European style of music, including classical, late-romantic, impressionistic and modernist traditions, and on the other hand a profound knowledge and respect for the folk music of Hungary (including the Hungarian-inhabited areas of modern-day Slovakia and Romania, as those territories were part of Hungary)."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "See also: Kodály Hand Signs. In the motion picture Close Encounters of the Third Kind, a visual learning aid distributed to members of a conference of ufologists was named the \"Kodály Method\" and referenced musical notes as hand signals."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "Throughout his adult life, Kodály was very interested in the problems of many types of music education, and he wrote a large amount of material on teaching methods as well as composing plenty of music intended for children's use."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály Method."
}
] |
Zoltán Kodály is renowned for the creation of the Hungarian violin.
| 0 | 1 |
Zoltán Kodály
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
}
] |
fH2Kg0wotpLttwiy5Jjd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Hynek felt that \"even though the film is fiction, it's based for the most part on the known facts of the UFO mystery, and it certainly catches the flavor of the phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Williams was nominated for two Academy Awards in 1978, one for his score to Star Wars and one for his score to Close Encounters."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming took place in Burbank, California; Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming; two abandoned World War II airship hangars at the former Brookley Air Force Base in Mobile, Alabama; and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad depot in Bay Minette, Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "He won for Star Wars, though he later won two Grammy Awards in 1979 for his Close Encounters score (one for Best Original Film Score and one for Best Instrumental Composition for \"Theme from Close Encounters\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\" Schrader continued: \"One day he has an encounter."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "At one point the main character was a police officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Watch the Skies, rewriting the premise concerning Project Blue Book and pitching the concept to Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "J. Allen Hynek, who worked with the United States Air Force on Project Blue Book, was hired as a scientific consultant."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "In her 1991 book You'll Never Eat Lunch in This Town Again, producer Julia Phillips wrote highly profane remarks about Spielberg, Zsigmond, and Truffaut, because she was fired during post-production due to a cocaine addiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "In 2011, ABC aired a primetime special, Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time, that counted down the best movies chosen by fans based on results of a poll conducted by ABC and People magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
}
] |
The film was based on a book by Stephen King.
| 0 | 0 |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611."
}
] |
fHOIxSNo4Fol8p71l2W5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "He writes: Pollicle dogs and cats all must"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Insisting that his betrayal years ago was a set-up, Belarius makes his own happy confession, revealing Guiderius and Arviragus as Cymbeline's own two long-lost sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Milford Haven is not known to have been used during the period (early 1st century AD) in which Cymbeline is set, and it is not known why Shakespeare used it in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "The 2014 version, directed by Rachel Alt, went in a completely opposite direction and placed the action on ranch in the American Old West."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In the late nineteenth century, the play was produced several times in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "Garrick's text was first performed in November of that year, starring Garrick himself as Posthumus."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "William Charles Macready mounted the play several times between 1837 and 1842."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Both plays concern themselves with a princess who, after disobeying her father in order to marry a lowly lover, is wrongly accused of infidelity and thus ordered to be murdered, before escaping and having her faithfulness proven."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "Garrick's version of Cymbeline would prove popular; it was staged a number of times over the next few decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Gender and sexuality",
"text": "Janet Adelman set the tone for the intersection of paternity and hermaphroditism in arguing that Cymbeline's lines, \" oh, what am I, /"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611."
}
] |
The only thing known for certain about the time frame of Cymbeline's writing is a year that it had to have been completed by.
| 1 | 4 |
Cymbeline
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Males are usually smaller than females or hermaphrodites (often much smaller) and often have a characteristically bent or fan-shaped tail."
}
] |
fHvodmV5jm0vXzSjkvom
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Most nematode species are dioecious, with separate male and female individuals, though some, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, are androdioecious, consisting of hermaphrodites and rare males."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Males are usually smaller than females or hermaphrodites (often much smaller) and often have a characteristically bent or fan-shaped tail."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "The genus Mesorhabditis exhibits an unusual form of parthenogenesis, in which sperm-producing males copulate with females, but the sperm do not fuse with the ovum."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Contact with the sperm is essential for the ovum to begin dividing, but because no fusion of the cells occurs, the male contributes no genetic material to the offspring, which are essentially clones of the female."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "In males, the sperm are produced at the end of the gonad and migrate along its length as they mature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "νηματῶδες (plural νηματώδη) ; Latin: Nematoda."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Greek: Νηματώδη; Latin: Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-parasitic nematodes being known as eelworms."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Amoeboid sperm crawl along the spicule into the female worm."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "The smallest nematodes are microscopic, while free-living species can reach as much as 5 cm (2 in), and some parasitic species are larger still, reaching over 1 m (3 ft) in length."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | History",
"text": "In 1861, K. M. Diesing treated the group as order Nematoda."
}
] |
The female Nematoda is larger than the male.
| 1 | 3 |
Nematoda
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In October 2017, Gates was surpassed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos as the richest person in the world."
}
] |
fIPGcZYzWqr5Bflgrh4Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over $28 billion to charity; the couple plan to eventually donate 95% of their wealth to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of July 2020, Gates had an estimated net worth of US$111.8 billion, making him the second-wealthiest person in the world, behind Bezos."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In October 2017, Gates was surpassed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos as the richest person in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 2017, he was surpassed by Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, who had an estimated net worth of US$90.6 billion compared to Gates's net worth of US$89.9 billion at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Charity sports events",
"text": "Gates and Federer recorded their second match victory together by a score of 6–3 and the event raised over $2.5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Gates told the BBC, \"I've paid more tax than any individual ever, and gladly so ... I've paid over $6 billion in taxes."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Personal donations",
"text": "While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Personal donations",
"text": "Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010, Bill and Melinda Gates and investor Warren Buffett each signed a commitment they called the \"Giving Pledge\", which is a commitment by all three to donate at least half of their wealth, over the course of time, to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In March 2010, Gates was the second wealthiest person behind Carlos Slim, but regained the top position in 2013, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires List."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the \"William H. Gates Foundation.\" In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion."
}
] |
Bill Gates was the second wealthiest person until 2016 when he donated over $28 billion dollars and he took first over Jeff Bezos.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Gates
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "He was her favorite child, and the two remained close for the rest of his life."
}
] |
fJl9K7ZvHV3NOC96aeqh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Chief of staff for Rosecrans",
"text": "According to historian Jean Edward Smith, Grant and Garfield had a \"guarded relationship\", since Grant promoted Thomas, rather than Garfield, to command of the Army of the Cumberland after Rosecrans's dismissal."
},
{
"section_header": "Funeral, memorials and commemorations",
"text": "In 1887, the James A. Garfield Monument was dedicated in Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Treatment and death",
"text": "After finishing his glass, Garfield said, \"Oh Swaim, this terrible pain – press your hand on it.\" As Swaim obligingly put his hand on Garfield's chest, Garfield's hands went up reflexively."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "James was named for an older brother who died in infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Cabinet and inauguration",
"text": "New York was represented by Thomas Lemuel James as Postmaster General."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "This labor was used to good effect by Horatio Alger, who wrote Garfield's campaign biography in 1880.After six weeks, illness forced Garfield to return home and, during his recuperation, his mother and a local education official got him to promise to postpone his return to the canals for a year and go to school."
},
{
"section_header": "Education, marriage and early career",
"text": "Garfield had attended church more to please his mother than to worship God, but in his late teens underwent a religious awakening, and attended many camp meetings, at one of which he was born again on March 4, 1850, baptized into Christ by being submerged in the icy waters of the Chagrin River."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "James Garfield was born the youngest of five children on November 19, 1831, in a log cabin in Orange Township, now Moreland Hills, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "James took his mother's side and when Belden died in 1880, noted it in his diary with satisfaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "Abram died later that year; James was raised in poverty in a household led by the strong-willed Eliza."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "He was her favorite child, and the two remained close for the rest of his life."
}
] |
James A. Garfield had a terrible relationship with his mother.
| 1 | 7 |
James A. Garfield
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment of modern Dubai",
"text": "Dubai is thought to have been established as a fishing village in the early 18th century and was, by 1822, a town of some 700–800 members of the Bani Yas tribe and subject to the rule of Sheikh Tahnun bin Shakhbut of Abu Dhabi."
}
] |
fKZjkPfJWbvhKYpFleyS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Oil era",
"text": "Originally intended to be a four-berth port, it was extended to sixteen berths as construction was ongoing."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Many theories have been proposed as to origin of the word \"Dubai\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Waterways",
"text": "There are two major commercial ports in Dubai, Port Rashid and Port Jebel Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-oil Dubai",
"text": "BOAC was originally reluctant to start regular flights between Bombay and Dubai, fearing a lack of demand for seats."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity and languages",
"text": "A quarter of the population (local and foreign) reportedly traces their origins to Iran."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern Dubai",
"text": "The Jebel Ali port, a deep-water port that allowed larger ships to dock, was established in 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Palm Jumeirah",
"text": "The Palm Jumeirah is the smallest and the original of three Palm Islands, and it is located on the Jumeirah coastal area of Dubai."
},
{
"section_header": "Human rights",
"text": "In January 2020, three Sri Lankan expats were fined AED 500,000 each for posting defamatory Facebook posts."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Waterways",
"text": "Port Jebel Ali is the world's largest man-made harbour, the biggest port in the Middle East, and the 7th-busiest port in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism and retail",
"text": "Dubai Creek played a vital role in sustaining the life of the community in the city and was the resource which originally drove the economic boom in Dubai."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment of modern Dubai",
"text": "Dubai is thought to have been established as a fishing village in the early 18th century and was, by 1822, a town of some 700–800 members of the Bani Yas tribe and subject to the rule of Sheikh Tahnun bin Shakhbut of Abu Dhabi."
}
] |
Dubai was originally a traders' port.
| 0 | 0 |
Dubai
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "Friberg, a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, demonstrated the LDS manner of performing such ordinations, and DeMille liked it."
}
] |
fKaL4FJr6RH9lvT0Lz8J
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" The critic Camille Paglia has called The Ten Commandments one of the ten greatest films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its \"Ten Top Ten\"—the best ten films in ten American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Ten Commandments was the highest-grossing film of 1956 and the second most successful film of the decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "For the large crowd shots, at least 14,000 extras and 15,000 animals were used while filming The Ten Commandments."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "remains one of the most popular films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Television broadcast",
"text": "The length of the film combined with the necessary advertisement breaks has caused its broadcast window to vary over the years; today, ABC's total run time for The Ten Commandments stands at four hours and forty-four minutes, just above one hour longer than its three-hour and thirty-nine-minute length."
},
{
"section_header": "Television broadcast",
"text": "Since 2006 the network has typically aired The Ten Commandments on the Saturday night prior to Easter, with the broadcast starting at 7 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific Time Zones and 6 p.m. Central/Mountain/Alaska/Hawaii. (An exception was in 2020 when the film aired before Palm Sunday.) The film is one of only two pre-scheduled ABC Saturday Movies of the Week every year, the other being The Sound of Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Popularity",
"text": "For decades, a showing of The Ten Commandments was a popular fundraiser among revivalist Christian Churches, while the film was equally treasured by film buffs for DeMille's \"cast of thousands\" approach and the heroic acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The score for The Ten Commandments was composed and conducted by Elmer Bernstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Television broadcast",
"text": "Unlike many lengthy films of the day, which were usually broken up into separate airings over at least two nights, ABC elected to show The Ten Commandments in one night and has done so every year it has carried the film, with one exception; in 1997, ABC elected to split the movie in two and aired half of it in its normal Easter Sunday slot, which that year was March 30, with the second half airing on Monday, March 31 as counterprogramming to the other networks' offerings, which included CBS' coverage of the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Art direction",
"text": "Friberg, a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, demonstrated the LDS manner of performing such ordinations, and DeMille liked it."
}
] |
One of the people involved in the filming of The Ten Commandments was a Mormon.
| 2 | 4 |
The Ten Commandments (1956 film)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His \"bonus\" for signing with the Reds was the $2.50 cost of a visa and a plane ticket to Miami, Florida."
}
] |
fKoIy9jnJVdoPzc8hTX0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tony later played shortstop for the Mill's baseball team, Central Violeta."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Victor played one year (1990) in the Reds' minor league system."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "He played his first minor league game for the Reds' Class D affiliate in Geneva, New York at age 17 on May 1, 1960 in the season-opener for the New York–Pennsylvania League team."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He played Major League Baseball for 13 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was signed to a pro contract in 1960 at age 17 by Cincinnati Reds scout Tony Pacheco while playing on the Camagüey sugar factory team."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 1972, Pérez was granted a 20-day visa to return to Cuba for the first time since a 1963 trip; however, the visa did not permit his wife and children to go, according to \"Latino Baseball Legends: An Encyclopedia\" by Lew Freedman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "Pérez also played winter ball for 10 seasons between 1964–65 and 1982-83 in the Puerto Rico Baseball League for the Santurce Crabbers (Cangrejeros de Santurce)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and third baseman from 1964 through 1986, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2000, for a luncheon honoring Tony, the Marlins arranged to surprise him by helping his two living sisters, Argelia and Gloria, secure visas and come to Miami from their homes in Central Violeta, Camagüey, Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Tony has stated that, during his playing career, his family in Cuba would listen to the Voice of America, which would give daily updates on Cuban players playing in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His \"bonus\" for signing with the Reds was the $2.50 cost of a visa and a plane ticket to Miami, Florida."
}
] |
Tony Perez was paid enough money to buy a visa when he was recruited to play baseball for the Reds' minor league team.
| 0 | 0 |
Tony Pérez
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity",
"text": "The Great Sphinx is one of the world's largest and oldest statues, but basic facts about it are still subject to debate, such as when it was built, by whom and for what purpose."
}
] |
fLLZLcV4bRZSfjssAHLp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity",
"text": "The Great Sphinx is one of the world's largest and oldest statues, but basic facts about it are still subject to debate, such as when it was built, by whom and for what purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Other tales ascribe it to being the work of Mamluks."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Many accounts were published and widely read."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Many folk tales exist regarding the destruction of its nose."
},
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "Many renovations to the stone base and raw rock body were done in the 1980s, and then redone in the 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Builder and timeframe",
"text": "The Sphinx Temple was built using blocks cut from the Sphinx enclosure, while those of the Valley Temple were quarried from the plateau, some of the largest weighing upwards of 100 tons."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Here it disputes with Time the empire of the past; forever gazing on and on into a future which will still be distant when we, like all who have preceded us and looked upon its face, have lived our little lives and disappeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Builder and timeframe",
"text": "Selim Hassan, writing in 1949 on recent excavations of the Sphinx enclosure, summed up the problem: Taking all things into consideration, it seems that we must give the credit of erecting this, the world's most wonderful statue, to Khafre, but always with this reservation: that there is not one single contemporary inscription which connects the Sphinx with Khafre; so, sound as it may appear, we must treat the evidence as circumstantial, until such time as a lucky turn of the spade of the excavator will reveal to the world a definite reference to the erection of the Sphinx."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and is commonly believed to have been designed, sculpted, and constructed by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of the pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "According to al-Maqrīzī, many people living in the area believed that the increased sand covering the Giza Plateau was retribution for al-Dahr's act of defacement."
}
] |
Despite being the world's largest and oldest statues, many basic facts about it are still subject to debate.
| 0 | 1 |
Great Sphinx of Giza
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "He was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery."
}
] |
fLbqASWi5DqcYWnfsQt8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Notable descendants",
"text": "Matthew Fox, actor and great-great-great-grandson ."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "There are statues memorializing Meade throughout the United States, including statues at Gettysburg National Military Park, the George Gordon Meade Memorial statue by Charles Grafly, in Washington DC, and one atop the Smith Memorial Arch in Fairmount Park in Philadelphia by Daniel Chester French."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Notable descendants",
"text": "George Meade Easby, great-grandson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a career"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In World War II, the United States liberty ship SS George G. Meade was named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The United States Army's Fort George G. Meade in Fort Meade, Maryland, is named for him, as are Meade County, Kansas, and Meade County, South Dakota."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "George Gordon Meade was born on December 31, 1815 in Cádiz, Spain, the eighth of eleven children of Richard Worsam Meade and Margaret Coats Butler."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "They had seven children together: John Sergeant Meade; George Meade (who became a colonel in the US Army); Margaret Butler Meade; Spencer Meade; Sarah Wise Meade; Henrietta Meade; and William Meade."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Likewise young George attended the American Classical and Military Lyceum in Philadelphia, the Mount Hope Institution in Baltimore and entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1831."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "Sheridan objected and told Meade that he could \"whip Stuart\" if Meade let him."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "He was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery."
}
] |
George Meade was entombed in Arlington National and his great-great-great-grandson is an actor.
| 0 | 0 |
George Meade
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Leroy Johnson goes to the school, performing as part of a dance routine for an auditioning friend, but the dance teachers are more impressed by his talents than his friend's."
}
] |
fLdZOzAZw1CsZkp6Drnq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Auditions In New York City, a group of teenagers audition to study at the High School of Performing Arts, where they are sorted into three different departments: Drama, Music, and Dance."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Parker distributed casting call advertisements at the Performing Arts school and the High School of Music & Art."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Although Parker had promised to hold auditions at the High School of Performing Arts, the school was initially advised by the Board of Education to prevent the students from working on the film, fearing it would affect their studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, it chronicles the lives and hardships of students attending the High School of Performing Arts (known today as Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School), from their auditions to their freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Gene Anthony Ray, who plays Leroy Johnson, was also a Performing Arts student but had been expelled from the school for disruptive behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "The film also ranked #42 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the \"50 Best High School Movies\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Leroy Johnson goes to the school, performing as part of a dance routine for an auditioning friend, but the dance teachers are more impressed by his talents than his friend's."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "It also inspired the creation of other similar performing arts schools around the world, including the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA), and the BRIT School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The script's subject matter received criticism by the New York Board of Education, which prevented the production from filming in the actual High School of Performing Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise | Remake",
"text": "The remake followed the premise of the original film, depicting the lives of several students as they attend the New York City High School of Performing Arts."
}
] |
In the movie Fame, Leroy prepares extensively for his audition for the High School of Performing Arts.
| 0 | 2 |
Fame (1980 film)
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed \"The Devil,\" was an American baseball player."
}
] |
fMXoet6rbdOUXS372rOj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "After his baseball career, Wells was employed at a New York City deli before returning to his birthplace of Austin to look after his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed \"The Devil,\" was an American baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He has also been inducted into the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame and Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wells first played professional baseball in 1923, playing one season for the Austin Black Senators of the Texas Colored League, a minor league for the Negro National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is a member of baseball halls of fame in the United States, Cuba and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1997 for his play in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wells was born in Austin, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "He then went to Canada as a player-manager for the Winnipeg Buffaloes of the Western Canadian Leagues, remaining there until his retirement from playing baseball in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "While with the Eagles, Wells was part of the \"Million Dollar Infield,\" consisting of Wells, Ray Dandridge, Dick Seay, and Mule Suttles."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Stella Lee Wells, Willie's daughter, created a scholarship fund honoring her father, called the Stella and Willie Wells Scholarship Fund."
}
] |
Wells was often referred to as "Snake" in baseball.
| 2 | 7 |
Willie Wells
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death (1942–1949)",
"text": "His health rapidly deteriorated after that, and he conducted his last performance, the end of Act 2 of Der Rosenkavalier at the Prinzregententheater in Munich, during celebrations of his 85th birthday on 10 June 1949."
}
] |
fN58MDs2JyvdK9VbsFSG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death (1942–1949)",
"text": "Strauss was hospitalized for several weeks after undergoing bladder surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death (1942–1949)",
"text": "His health rapidly deteriorated after that, and he conducted his last performance, the end of Act 2 of Der Rosenkavalier at the Prinzregententheater in Munich, during celebrations of his 85th birthday on 10 June 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death (1942–1949)",
"text": "Georg Solti, who had arranged Strauss's 85th birthday celebration, also directed an orchestra during Strauss's burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "Strauss went on to conduct one of Ritter's operas, and at Strauss's request Ritter later wrote a poem describing the events depicted in Strauss's tone poem Death and Transfiguration."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in conducting and tone poems (1885–1898)",
"text": "Strauss's tenure at the Bavarian State Opera was not a happy one."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Solo and chamber works",
"text": "Some of Strauss's first compositions were solo instrumental and chamber works."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"Strauss's music had a considerable influence on composers at the start of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career (1864–1886)",
"text": "Strauss's father taught his son the music of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in conducting and tone poems (1885–1898)",
"text": "In Weimar she created the role of Freihild in Strauss's first opera, Guntram, in 1894."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death (1942–1949)",
"text": "There they met the Swiss music critic Willy Schuh, who became Strauss's biographer."
}
] |
Strauss's health declined after he had bladder surgery.
| 0 | 0 |
Richard Strauss
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party nominee for president of the United States in 1964."
}
] |
fNDd7vXl6PJn7864Q0rl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite his loss of the 1964 presidential election in a landslide, Goldwater is the politician most often credited with having sparked the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party nominee for president of the United States in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Policies | Goldwater and the revival of American conservatism",
"text": "Although Goldwater was not as important in the American conservative movement as Ronald Reagan after 1965, he shaped and redefined the movement from the late 1950s to 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In his 1980 Senate reelection campaign, Goldwater won support from religious conservatives but in his final term voted consistently to uphold legalized abortion and in 1981 gave a speech on how he was angry about the bullying of American politicians by religious organizations, and would \"fight them every step of the way\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | 1964 presidential campaign | Results",
"text": "On the other hand, the defeat of so many older politicians created openings for young conservatives to move up the ladder."
},
{
"section_header": "Policies | Goldwater and the revival of American conservatism",
"text": "\"In 1979, when President Carter normalized relations with Communist China, Goldwater and some other Senators sued him in the Supreme Court, arguing that the President could not terminate the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with Republic of China (Taiwan) without the approval of Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "Goldwater's uncle Morris Goldwater (1852–1939) was an Arizona territorial and state legislator, mayor of Prescott, Arizona, and a businessman."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Military career",
"text": "With the American entry into World War II, Goldwater received a reserve commission in the United States Army Air Forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Hobbies and interests | Photography",
"text": "He was a member of the Royal Photographic Society from 1941 becoming a Life Member in 1948.For decades, he contributed photographs of his home state to Arizona Highways and was best known for his Western landscapes and pictures of native Americans in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Buildings and monuments",
"text": "Among the buildings and monuments named after Barry Goldwater are: the Barry M. Goldwater Terminal at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Goldwater Memorial Park in Paradise Valley, Arizona, the Barry Goldwater Air Force Academy Visitor Center at the United States Air Force Academy, and Barry Goldwater High School in northern Phoenix."
}
] |
Barry Goldwater was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term Senator from Arizona and former president of the United States, and is the politician most often credited with having sparked the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s.
| 0 | 0 |
Barry Goldwater
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He persuades Verena to elope with him, to the discomfiture of Olive and her fellow-feminists."
}
] |
fNFfuJHYkuqhMHGV4F24
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "F. R. Leavis praised the book as \"one of the two most brilliant novels in the language,\" the other being James's The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "But probably most offensive to Boston propriety were the unmistakable indications of Lesbianism in the portrait of Olive Chancellor, which made it a violation of Boston decency and reticence."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "James shows remarkable ability to create a broad cross-section of American society, which helps refute the charge that he could only handle small, closed-off bits of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Horace Elisha Scudder reviewed the book in 1886, calling it an unfair treatment of characters whom the author simply did not like, although James had a definite interest in them: When we say that most of the characters are repellent, we are simply recording the effect which they produce upon the reader by reason of the attitude which the author of their being takes toward them."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The Bostonians is allegedly based on the novel \"The Evangelist,\" by Alphonse Daudet."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Another theme in the book, much discussed recently, is Olive's possible lesbian attraction to Verena. (The term Boston marriage, apparently first used here by James, came to connote just such an ambiguous co-habiting long-term relationship between two women.) James is not explicit here, partially due to the conventions of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "James himself once wrote an observation that The Bostonians had never, \"even to my much-disciplined patience, received any sort of justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Albert Bigelow Paine wrote in his annotation, \"It is as easy to understand Mark Twain's enjoyment of Indian Summer as his revolt against Daniel Deronda and The Bostonians."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He persuades Verena to elope with him, to the discomfiture of Olive and her fellow-feminists."
}
] |
At the end of The Bostonians, the lesbian couple rejects the norms of their society to be together.
| 1 | 6 |
The Bostonians
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "In general, there are four main morphological virus types: Helical"
}
] |
fNNCd5AMlMUuLKQ2eY5x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "The poxviruses are large, complex viruses that have an unusual morphology."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "Viruses display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called 'morphologies'."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "In general, there are four main morphological virus types: Helical"
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "As such, the Baltimore classification system has come to be used to supplement the more traditional hierarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "The capsid is made from proteins encoded by the viral genome and its shape serves as the basis for morphological distinction."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Bacterial viruses",
"text": "Bacteria also contain a system that uses CRISPR sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of viruses that the bacteria have come into contact with in the past, which allows them to block the virus's replication through a form of RNA interference."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Cancer viruses come from a range of virus families, including both RNA and DNA viruses, and so there is no single type of \"oncovirus\" (an obsolete term originally used for acutely transforming retroviruses)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The escaped DNA could have come from plasmids (pieces of naked DNA that can move between cells) or transposons (molecules of DNA that replicate and move around to different positions within the genes of the cell)."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | ICTV classification",
"text": "As of 2019, 4 realms, 9 kingdoms, 16 phyla, 2 subphyla, 36 classes, 55 orders, 8 suborders, 168 families, 103 subfamilies, 1,421 genera, 68 subgenera, and 6,589 species of viruses have been defined by the ICTV.The general taxonomic structure of taxon ranges and the suffixes used in taxonomic names are shown hereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Animal viruses",
"text": "Viruses are important pathogens of livestock."
}
] |
Viruses come in 4 morphological kinds.
| 1 | 5 |
Virus
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | El Chapo interview",
"text": "A day after Mexican officials announced the capture of Joaquín \"El Chapo\" Guzmán in a bloody raid, Rolling Stone revealed on January 9, 2016 that Sean Penn, along with actress Kate del Castillo, had conducted a secret interview with El Chapo prior to his arrest."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their second child, son Hopper Jack, was born August 6, 1993."
}
] |
fNfOCe8Mx5DAvtY8phNs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | El Chapo interview",
"text": "According to published text messages with del Castillo, Guzmán did not know who Sean Penn was."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | El Chapo interview",
"text": "A day after Mexican officials announced the capture of Joaquín \"El Chapo\" Guzmán in a bloody raid, Rolling Stone revealed on January 9, 2016 that Sean Penn, along with actress Kate del Castillo, had conducted a secret interview with El Chapo prior to his arrest."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | El Chapo interview",
"text": "The interview was criticized by some, including the White House, which called the interview \"maddening\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | El Chapo interview",
"text": "Mexican authorities said they were seeking to question Penn over the interview, which had not been approved by either the American or Mexican government."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | El Chapo interview",
"text": "The deal for the interview was brokered by del Castillo."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Defense of Hugo Chávez",
"text": "And poor people around the world lost a champion."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their second child, son Hopper Jack, was born August 6, 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "Lee was a former drug dealer by trade, convicted of espionage for the Soviet Union and originally sentenced to life in prison, but was paroled in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "The film was a critical and commercial failure, named by a 2010 Forbes article as the biggest flop in the last five years."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "At the end of his first marriage, Penn moved in with actress Robin Wright, and their first child, a daughter named Dylan Frances, was born April 13, 1991."
}
] |
Sean Penn interviewed the world renowned drug cartel member and has a son named Helicopter.
| 0 | 0 |
Sean Penn
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland."
}
] |
fOGmXdEKolkNV0VqZMXl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "Dunedin is a UNESCO City of Literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Infrastructure",
"text": "Most major cities and towns are linked by bus services, although the private car is the predominant mode of transport."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The first shipment of refrigerated meat on the Dunedin in 1882 led to the establishment of meat and dairy exports to Britain, a trade which provided the basis for strong economic growth in New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography",
"text": "In May 2020 Statistics New Zealand reported that New Zealand's population had climbed above 5 million people in March 2020.New Zealand is a predominantly urban country, with 83.6% of the population living in urban areas, and 52.3% of the population living in the seven cities with populations exceeding 100,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography",
"text": "In 2018 the median age of the New Zealand population was 38.1 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Language",
"text": "English is the predominant language in New Zealand, spoken by 95.4% of the population."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations and military",
"text": "In 2013 there were about 650,000 New Zealand citizens living in Australia, which is equivalent to 15% of the resident population of New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Ethnicity and immigration",
"text": "The population has become more diverse in recent decades: in 1961, the census reported that the population of New Zealand was 92% European and 7% Māori, with Asian and Pacific minorities sharing the remaining 1%.While the demonym for a New Zealand citizen is"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "From the early 19th century, Christian missionaries began to settle New Zealand, eventually converting most of the Māori population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography",
"text": "The 2018 New Zealand census enumerated a resident population of 4,699,755, an increase of 10.8% over the 2013 figure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland."
}
] |
The most populated town of New Zealand is Dunedin.
| 0 | 0 |
New Zealand
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [eʁik sati]; 17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist."
}
] |
fOsX3UpOqsN0JVEesndH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "There is a tiny stone monument designating a grassy area in front of an apartment building – 'Parc Erik Satie'."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Erik Satie was born on 17 May 1866, the son of Alfred Satie and his wife Jane Leslie (née Anton), who was born in London to Scottish parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "In 1910 the \"Jeunes Ravêlites\", a group of young musicians around Ravel, proclaimed their preference for Satie's earlier work from before the Schola period, reinforcing the idea that Satie had been a precursor of Debussy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "Meanwhile, an \"Ecole d'Arcueil\" had formed around Satie, taking the name from the relatively remote district of Paris where Satie lived; it included young musicians such as Henri Sauguet, Maxime Jacob, Roger Désormière and Henri Cliquet-Pleyel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [eʁik sati]; 17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Erik was born at Honfleur in Normandy; his childhood home there is now open to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Writings",
"text": "Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Collected Writings of Erik Satie (Serpent's Tail; Atlas Arkhive, No 5, 1997) ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Later, he also referred to himself as a \"phonometrician\" (meaning \"someone who measures sounds\"), preferring this designation to that of \"musician\", after having been called \"a clumsy but subtle technician\" in a book on contemporary French composers published in 1911.In addition to his body of music"
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Writings",
"text": "-947757-92-9 (with introduction and notes by Ornella Volta, translations by Anthony Melville, contains several drawings by Satie) Correspondence presque complète: -947757-92-9 (with introduction and notes by Ornella Volta, translations by Anthony Melville, contains several drawings by Satie) Correspondence presque complète: Réunie, établie et présentée par Ornella Volta (Paris: Fayard/Imes, 2000; 1265 pages) ISBN 2-213-60674-9 (an almost complete edition of Satie's letters, in French) Nigel Wilkins, The Writings of Erik Satie, London, 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "It is believed this was the only intimate relationship Satie ever had."
}
] |
Erik Satie is a Russian musician.
| 0 | 0 |
Erik Satie
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Car collection",
"text": "In 2014, Clapton explained that Ferrari is still his favourite car brand."
}
] |
fP9GvIu5RWQHFTtrjNl8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Car collection",
"text": "Since the 1970s, Clapton considered himself a \"car enthusiast\" and often stated his passion for the Ferrari brand."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Car collection",
"text": "In 2014, Clapton explained that Ferrari is still his favourite car brand."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | \"Layla\" and solo career | Derek and the Dominos",
"text": "Clapton's biography states that Tony Ashton of Ashton, Gardner and Dyke told Clapton to call the band \"Del and the Dominos\", since \"Del\" was his nickname for Eric Clapton."
},
{
"section_header": "Guitars",
"text": "In November 1970 Eric bought six Fender Stratocasters from the Sho-bud guitar shop in Nashville, Tennessee while on tour with the Dominos."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career, breakthrough, and international success | Cream",
"text": "Clapton first visited the United States while touring with Cream."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Continued success",
"text": "Clapton later remade \"After Midnight\" as a single and a promotional track for the Michelob beer brand, which had also used earlier songs by Collins and Steve Winwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Clapton then moved the microphones, with Pink Floyd's Roger Waters stating, \"That changed everything."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "In the late 1970s Clapton positioned a West Brom scarf on the back cover of his album, Backless."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Clapton, Old Sock and I Still Do",
"text": "Clapton released a new studio album, Clapton, on 27 September 2010 in the United Kingdom and 28 September 2010 in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career, breakthrough, and international success | The Yardbirds and the Bluesbreakers",
"text": "Since then, Clapton has performed at the Hall over 200 times, and has stated that performing at the venue is like \"playing in my front"
}
] |
Since the 1970s, Eric Clapton states that Lamborgini is his favorite brand.
| 0 | 0 |
Eric Clapton
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Techniques and influences | Artistic incorporation and accusations of plagiarism",
"text": "Sterne incorporated into Tristram Shandy many passages taken almost word for word from Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy, Francis Bacon's Of Death, Rabelais and many more, and rearranged them to serve the new meaning intended in Tristram Shandy."
}
] |
fPVJgdeOofsCkozgoabE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "In Anthony Trollope's novel Barchester Towers, the narrator speculates that the scheming clergyman, Mr Slope, is descended from Dr Slop in Tristram Shandy (the extra letter having been added for the sake of appearances)."
},
{
"section_header": "Techniques and influences | Ridiculing solemnity",
"text": "Tristram Shandy gives a ludicrous turn to solemn passages from respected authors that it incorporates, as well as to the consolatio literary genre."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "Russian writer Alexander Zhitinsky made multiple references to Tristram Shandy in his novel The Flying House, or Conversations with Milord (the \"milord\" of the title being Sterne)."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "\"The author of Tristram Shandy reveals to us the profoundest depths of the human soul; he opens, as it were, a crevice of the soul; permits us to take one glance into its abysses, into its paradise and into its filthiest recesses; then quickly lets the curtain fall over it."
},
{
"section_header": "Techniques and influences | Ridiculing solemnity",
"text": "The first four chapters of Tristram Shandy are founded on some passages in Burton."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "In the Hermann Hesse novel \" The Journey to the East\", Tristram Shandy is listed as one of the co-founders of The League."
},
{
"section_header": "Techniques and influences | Artistic incorporation and accusations of plagiarism",
"text": "The first to note them was physician and poet John Ferriar, who did not see them negatively and commented: If [the reader's] opinion of Sterne's learning and originality be lessened by the perusal, he must, at least, admire the dexterity and the good taste with which he has incorporated in his work so many passages, written with very different views by their respective authors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published in nine volumes, the first two appearing in 1759, and seven others following over the next seven years (vols. 3 and 4, 1761; vols."
},
{
"section_header": "Techniques and influences | Other techniques and influences",
"text": "His text is filled with allusions and references to the leading thinkers and writers of the 17th and 18th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, also known as just Tristram Shandy, is a novel by Laurence Sterne."
},
{
"section_header": "Techniques and influences | Artistic incorporation and accusations of plagiarism",
"text": "Sterne incorporated into Tristram Shandy many passages taken almost word for word from Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy, Francis Bacon's Of Death, Rabelais and many more, and rearranged them to serve the new meaning intended in Tristram Shandy."
}
] |
The novel Tristram Shandy is noteworthy for having passages assigned to other writers but composed entirely by the author.
| 0 | 0 |
Tristram Shandy
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece."
}
] |
fPjo2aK3unrvJVUoJlr9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The battle | The main battle",
"text": "The Athenian general Aristides then took a detachment of men across to Psyttaleia to slaughter the garrison that Xerxes had left there."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "Xerxes evidently took the bait, and the Persian fleet was sent out that evening to effect this block."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "The actual battle of Salamis is not well described by the ancient sources, and it is unlikely that anyone (other than perhaps Xerxes) involved in the battle had a clear idea what was happening across the width of the straits."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "Salamis was, for the Persians, an unnecessary battle and a strategic mistake."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "However, it was strategically not necessary for the Persians to actually fight this battle at Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "The Battle of Salamis marked the turning point in the Greco-Persian wars."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | Dispositions",
"text": "Diodorus says that the Egyptian fleet was sent to circumnavigate Salamis, and block the northern exit from the Straits."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "A significant number of historians have stated that Salamis is one of the most significant battles in human history (though the same is often stated of Marathon)."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Like the Battles of Marathon and Thermopylae, Salamis has gained something of a 'legendary' status (unlike, for instance, the more decisive Battle of Plataea), perhaps because of the desperate circumstances and the unlikely odds."
},
{
"section_header": "Anchorage discovery",
"text": "On March 17, 2017, archaeologists announced that they had uncovered the partially submerged remains of the anchorage used by the Greek warships prior to the Battle of Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece."
}
] |
The Battle of Salamis took place in present-day Italy.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Salamis
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is a reflection of the author’s dilemmas."
}
] |
fPs5KjkumrxahhdD2Q7F
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The part of the story that deals with the \"satanic verses\" was based on accounts from the historians al-Waqidi and al-Tabari."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "\" The work is an \"albeit surreal, record of its own author's continuing identity crisis.\" Ally said that the book reveals the author ultimately as \"the victim of nineteenth-century British colonialism.\" Rushdie himself spoke confirming this interpretation of his book, saying that it was not about Islam, \"but about migration, metamorphosis, divided selves, love, death, London and Bombay."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Rushdie's own assumptions about the importance of literature parallel in the literal value accorded the written word in Islamic tradition to some degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "But Rushdie seems to have assumed that diverse communities and cultures share some degree of common moral ground on the basis of which dialogue can be pieced together, and it is perhaps for this reason that he underestimated the implacable nature of the hostility evoked by The Satanic Verses, even though a major theme of that novel is the dangerous nature of closed, absolutist belief systems."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Fatwa",
"text": "Journalist Christopher Hitchens staunchly defended Rushdie and urged critics to condemn the violence of the fatwa instead of blaming the novel or the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Fatwa",
"text": "Although the British Conservative government under Margaret Thatcher gave Rushdie round-the-clock police protection, many politicians on both sides were hostile to the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Farishta is a Bollywood superstar who specialises in playing Hindu deities. (The character is partly based on Indian film stars Amitabh Bachchan and N. T. Rama Rao.) Chamcha is an emigrant who has broken with his Indian identity and works as a voiceover artist in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "They did not invite the author Fay Weldon, who spoke out against burning books, but did invite Shabbir Akhtar, a Cambridge philosophy graduate who called for \"a negotiated compromise\" which \"would protect Muslim sensibilities against gratuitous provocation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is a reflection of the author’s dilemmas."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Mashuq ibn Ally wrote that \"The Satanic Verses is about identity, alienation, rootlessness, brutality, compromise, and conformity."
}
] |
"The Satanic Verses" was actually based off Islamic beliefs of the author.
| 1 | 4 |
The Satanic Verses
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase."
}
] |
fPs5W2r1vUHcwogGCcSQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "This is the strand that is used by convention when presenting a DNA sequence."
},
{
"section_header": "Reverse transcription",
"text": "Telomerase carries an RNA template from which it synthesizes a repeating sequence of DNA, or \"junk\" DNA."
},
{
"section_header": "Reverse transcription",
"text": "With this \"junk\" DNA or \"cap\" at the ends of chromosomes, the shortening eliminates some of the non-essential, repeated sequence rather than the protein-encoding DNA sequence, that is farther away from the chromosome end."
},
{
"section_header": "Reverse transcription",
"text": "This repeated sequence of DNA is called a telomere and can be thought of as a \"cap\" for a chromosome."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "A DNA transcription unit encoding for a protein may contain both a coding sequence, which will be translated into the protein, and regulatory sequences, which direct and regulate the synthesis of that protein."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The regulatory sequence before (\"upstream\" from) the coding sequence is called the five prime untranslated region (5'UTR); the sequence after (\"downstream\" from) the coding sequence is called the three prime untranslated region (3'UTR).As opposed to DNA replication, transcription results in an RNA complement that includes the nucleotide uracil (U) in all instances where thymine (T) would have occurred in a DNA complement."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "The stem loops can then be detected using a fusion of GFP and the MS2 coat protein, which has a high affinity, sequence-specific interaction with the MS2 stem loops."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "This use of only the 3' → 5' DNA strand eliminates the need for the Okazaki fragments that are seen in DNA replication."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase."
}
] |
Transcription is used in the final DNA sequencing.
| 0 | 0 |
Transcription (genetics)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hansa territories stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages, and diminished slowly after 1450."
}
] |
fQLbgMr7I9A8Bp5fpjRl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hanseatic League (; Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; German language: Deutsche Hanse; Dutch language: De Hanze; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hansa territories stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages, and diminished slowly after 1450."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commercial expansion",
"text": "The Livonian Confederation of 1435 to c. 1582 incorporated modern-day Estonia and parts of Latvia and had its own Hanseatic parliament (diet); all of its major towns became members of the Hanseatic League."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "The Tagfahrt or Hansetag was the only central institution of the Hanseatic League."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "The members of the Hanseatic League were Low German merchants, whose towns were, with the exception of Dinant, where these merchants held citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Organization",
"text": "However, Hanseatic merchants could also come from settlements without German town law—the premise for league membership was birth to German parents, subjection to German law, and a commercial education."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foundation and formation",
"text": "Well before the term Hanse appeared in a document in 1267, merchants in different cities began to form guilds, or Hansa, with the intention of trading with towns overseas, especially in the economically less-developed eastern Baltic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commercial expansion",
"text": "The century-long monopolization of sea navigation and trade by the Hanseatic League ensured that the Renaissance arrived in northern Germany long before it did in the rest of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foundation and formation",
"text": "The towns raised their own armies, with each guild required to provide levies when needed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy Hanseatic connections",
"text": "There are two museums in Europe dedicated specifically to the history of the Hanseatic League: the European Hansemuseum in Lübeck and the Hanseatic Museum and Schøtstuene in Bergen."
}
] |
Hanseatic League was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe and Hansa territories stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Tonka.
| 0 | 0 |
Hanseatic League
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delahanty died falling into Niagara Falls or the Niagara River, after being removed from a train while intoxicated."
}
] |
fQhdKJsAfMi2g8RBUQ0u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He was apparently kicked off a train by the train's conductor for being drunk and disorderly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delahanty died falling into Niagara Falls or the Niagara River, after being removed from a train while intoxicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After being kicked off the train, Delahanty started his way across the International Railway Bridge connecting Buffalo, New York with Fort Erie (near Niagara Falls) and fell or jumped off the bridge (some accounts say Delahanty was yelling about death that night)."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Whether Delahanty died from his plunge over the Falls or drowned on the way to the Falls is uncertain."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Delahanty died when he was swept over Niagara Falls in early July 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward James Delahanty (October 30, 1867 – July 2, 1903), nicknamed \"Big Ed\", was an American professional baseball player, who spent his Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Philadelphia Quakers, Cleveland Infants, Philadelphia Phillies, and Washington Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Hamburg Marines, a German Baseball Club, named their ballpark in the Hamburg quarter Billwerder after Ed Delahanty."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "The 1894 Phillies outfield had a big season, with all four players averaging over .400."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delahanty's biographer argues that: Baseball for Irish kids was a shortcut to the American dream and to self-indulgent glory and fortune."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "After the 1902 season, Delahanty commented to a reporter, \"I know I am getting along in years and won't be able to last much longer in first-class baseball, therefore I am going to get all the money there is in sight... Last year I was playing with the Phillies for $3,000, this season the Washington Club gives me $4,000, and if I can get $5,000 no one can blame me for taking it."
}
] |
American baseball player Ed Delahanty died by going over the Niagra Falls after being kicked off a train for being too drunk.
| 0 | 0 |
Ed Delahanty
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kenilworth ( KEN-il-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of central Coventry, 5 miles (8 km) north of Warwick and 90 miles (140 km) north-west of London."
}
] |
fRKgbMaopDGX54Duz26i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The railway boosted Kenilworth's market gardening."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "He was capped 11 times by England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kenilworth ( KEN-il-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of central Coventry, 5 miles (8 km) north of Warwick and 90 miles (140 km) north-west of London."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "There were reputedly 40 nurseries growing market-garden produce in Kenilworth, but all have now been redeveloped for housing."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival",
"text": "The festival secured funding from Arts Council England."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "Edward II of England (1284–1327) was held prisoner in Kenilworth Castle in 1326–1327."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Dudley entertained the Queen with pageants and banquets costing some £1,000 per day that surpassed anything seen in England before."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "In order of birth: Henry III of England (1207–1272) commissioned the Dictum of Kenilworth, which was made public on 31 October 1266."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "George Potter (1832–1893), trade unionist, first president of the Trades Union Congress of England and Wales, was born in Kenilworth."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The town's growth occasioned the addition of a second Church of England parish church, St John's, which is on Warwick Road in Knights Meadow."
}
] |
This market is not in England.
| 1 | 8 |
Kenilworth
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Benjamin's father and all four of his grandparents were born in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Josiah Franklin was born at Ecton, Northamptonshire, England on December 23, 1657, the son of blacksmith and farmer Thomas Franklin and Jane White."
}
] |
fRmXPeUDcZKX4gMJEPpn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin, a Chinese-built French-owned Explorer-class container ship"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "Franklin Field, a football field once home to the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League and the home field of the University of Pennsylvania Quakers since 1895 Philadelphia's Benjamin Franklin Parkway (a major thoroughfare) The Benjamin Franklin Bridge across the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey"
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Travels around Britain and Ireland",
"text": "Franklin noted of him that \"all the plausible behaviour I have described is meant only, by patting and stroking the horse, to make him more patient, while the reins are drawn tighter, and the spurs set deeper into his sides.\" In Dublin, Franklin was invited to sit with the members of the Irish Parliament rather than in the gallery."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | William Franklin",
"text": "A Loyalist to the king, William Franklin and his father Benjamin eventually broke relations over their differences about the American Revolutionary War, as Benjamin Franklin could never accept William's position."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706"
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Decades in London | Political work in London",
"text": "It opened to the public as the Benjamin Franklin House museum in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Exhibitions",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin and Dashkova met only once, in Paris in 1781."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In London, his house at 36 Craven Street, which is the only surviving former residence of Benjamin Franklin, was first marked with a blue plaque and has since been opened to the public as the Benjamin Franklin House."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Agent for British and Hellfire club membership",
"text": "However, some authors and historians would argue Benjamin Franklin was in fact a British spy."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin's father, Josiah Franklin, was a tallow chandler, soaper, and candlemaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Benjamin's father and all four of his grandparents were born in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Josiah Franklin was born at Ecton, Northamptonshire, England on December 23, 1657, the son of blacksmith and farmer Thomas Franklin and Jane White."
}
] |
Benjamin Franklin was Irish descant.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Franklin
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Driving Miss Daisy is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry, based on Uhry's 1987 play of the same name."
}
] |
fRrdTKXahyLoJM8ElZq8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune declared Driving Miss Daisy one of the best films of 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Driving Miss Daisy is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry, based on Uhry's 1987 play of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Driving Miss Daisy was given a limited release on December 15, 1989, earning $73,745 in three theaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Boolie, now 65, drives Hoke to the retirement home to visit Miss Daisy, now 97."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "Lee later reflected on the controversial decision by saying that Driving Miss Daisy was \"not being taught in film schools all across the world like Do the Right Thing is.\" Driving Miss Daisy received 9 Academy Award nominations and also achieved the following distinctions in Oscar history: It is the only film based on an off-Broadway production ever to win Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After Idella dies during the spring of 1963, rather than hire a new housekeeper, Miss Daisy decides to care for her own house and have Hoke do the cooking and the driving."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "\"Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also gave the film a positive review, calling Tandy's performance \"glorious\" and opining, \"This is Tandy's finest two hours onscreen in a film career that goes back to 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Driving Miss Daisy was a critical and commercial success upon its release and at the 62nd"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Miss Daisy at first refuses to let anyone else drive her, but gradually accedes to the arrangement."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film explores racism against black people, which affects Hoke personally."
}
] |
The film, Driving Miss Daisy, was a 1989 film by Hoke Rolle.
| 0 | 0 |
Driving Miss Daisy
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result, Shearer is celebrated as a feminist pioneer, \"the first American film actress to make it chic and acceptable to be single and not a virgin on screen\"."
}
] |
fSXrOl8JCn2VPEM6AlKT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Edith Shearer thought otherwise."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "Privately, Thalberg was very impressed by Shearer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "\"I had my hair in little curls\", Shearer remembered, \"and I felt very ambitious and proud."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "In January 1920, the three Shearer women arrived in New York, each of them dressed up for the occasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The First Lady of MGM",
"text": "so Shearer could enter, so Norma made her grand entrance through wider doors leading from another room."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The First Lady of MGM",
"text": "The Women (1939) followed, with an entirely female cast of more than 130 speaking roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "By the time of her death in 1983, she was best known for her \"noble\" roles in Marie Antoinette and The Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2015, a number of Shearer films became available in high-definition format, authored by Warner Home Video, in most cases, from the nitrate camera negatives: A Free Soul, Romeo and Juliet, Marie Antoinette, and The Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edith Norma Shearer (August 10, 1902 – June 12, 1983) was a Canadian-American actress who was active on film from 1919 through 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Next came Complicated Women: Sex and Power in Pre-Code Hollywood by Mick LaSalle, film critic at the San Francisco Chronicle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result, Shearer is celebrated as a feminist pioneer, \"the first American film actress to make it chic and acceptable to be single and not a virgin on screen\"."
}
] |
Norma Shearer was a very conservative thoughts about how women should behave in society.
| 1 | 2 |
Norma Shearer
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Exploration of southern and central Africa",
"text": "He returned to Britain to garner support for his ideas, and to publish a book on his travels which brought him fame as one of the leading explorers of the age."
}
] |
fVAtkITYbCHITGD0ZQB0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Exploration of southern and central Africa",
"text": "Livingstone believed that he had a spiritual calling for exploration to find routes for commercial trade which would displace slave trade routes, rather than for preaching."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration of southern and central Africa",
"text": "Livingstone realized the route would be too difficult for future traders, so he retraced the journey back to Linyanti."
},
{
"section_header": "Christianity and Sechele",
"text": "Sechele begged Livingstone not to give up on him because his faith was still strong, but Livingstone left the country and went north to continue his Christianizing attempts."
},
{
"section_header": "Christianity and Sechele",
"text": "He could never permanently convert the tribesmen to Christianity, however."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration of southern and central Africa | Zambezi expedition",
"text": "The Zambezi Expedition was castigated as a failure in many newspapers of the time, and Livingstone experienced great difficulty in raising funds to further explore Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Christianity and Sechele",
"text": "After he finally divorced the women, Livingstone baptised them all and everything went well."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration of southern and central Africa",
"text": "Livingstone advocated the establishment of trade and religious missions in central Africa, but abolition of the African slave trade, as carried out by the Portuguese of Tete and the Arab Swahili of Kilwa, became his primary goal."
},
{
"section_header": "Livingstone and slavery",
"text": "While talking about the slave trade in East Africa in his journals: To overdraw its evil is a simple impossibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age nineteen, David and his father left the Church of Scotland for a local Congregational church, influenced by preachers like Ralph Wardlaw, who denied predestinarian limitations on salvation."
},
{
"section_header": "Places named in his honour and other memorials | Banknotes",
"text": "He was originally shown surrounded by palm tree leaves with an illustration of African tribesmen on the back."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration of southern and central Africa",
"text": "He returned to Britain to garner support for his ideas, and to publish a book on his travels which brought him fame as one of the leading explorers of the age."
}
] |
David Livingstone left Africa and went back to England to raise money for a permanent trade route.
| 0 | 0 |
David Livingstone
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia."
}
] |
fVTlJWlGR9MYG8nWXnby
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "By 1919 Danchakoff was a full professor of anatomy in Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff (née Grigorevskaya, March 21, 1879 – September 22, 1950) was a Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and she became a pioneer in stem cell research."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Then at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, led by Thomas Hunt Morgan, she was \"instructor in anatomy\" at a time when women were first being allowed admittance as students."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Returning to Russia she took a Russian medical degree at Kharkov University and then became the first woman to be awarded a doctorate in medical sciences at the St Petersburg Academy of Medicine – Russia's first medical college for women."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She married and her daughter, born in 1902 in Zurich, was Vera Evgenevna who went on to study at Columbia University and to marry Mikhail Lavrentyev, the mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1938 she conducted important experiments which involved exposing female guinea pig foetuses to testosterone."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the time there was a strong Russian émigré community in New York and, with her husband, Danchakoff hosted lavish gatherings of friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She later returned to Europe to continue with her research."
}
] |
Vera Danchakoff was a Russian cell biologist and embryologist researcher that became the 1st female professor at Columbia's University of Physicians and Surgeons.
| 3 | 5 |
Vera Danchakoff
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Housman is said originally to have titled his book The Poems of Terence Hearsay, referring to a character there, but changed the title to A Shropshire Lad at the suggestion of a colleague in the British Museum."
}
] |
fVd8ZsKXiHoFtYJeUqed
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Parodies",
"text": "The first of these, beginning is frequently quoted still and was described by Housman in a letter dated 19 September 1925 as \"the best [parody]"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Later, the collection was commemorated by the short-lived Wrexham & Shropshire railway company (2008–11), which named one of its Class 67 engines A Shropshire Lad."
},
{
"section_header": "Thematic summary",
"text": "It is not a connected narrative; though the \"I\" of the poems is in two cases named as Terence (VIII, LXII), the \"Shropshire Lad\" of the title, he is not to be identified with Housman himself."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "\"I was born in Worcestershire, not Shropshire, where I have never spent much time,\" he admitted later in a letter to Maurice Pollet dated 5 February 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Illustrations",
"text": "The first illustrated edition of A Shropshire Lad was published in 1908, with eight county landscapes by William Hyde (1857-1925)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The book's centenary was also celebrated by Wood's Shropshire Brewery, when they named their bitter after it."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "the letter to Pollet already mentioned, Housman pointed out that there was a discontinuity between the Classical scholar who wrote the poems and the \"imaginary\" Shropshire Lad they portrayed. \" No doubt I have been unconsciously influenced by the Greeks and Latins, but [the] chief sources of which I am conscious are Shakespeare's songs, the Scottish Border ballads, and Heine.\" Yet while it is true that \"very little in the book is biographical\", he could not entirely escape his literary formation, as he had already speculated in a letter written three decades previously."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "\"I suppose my classical training has been of some use to me in furnishing good models, and making me fastidious, and telling me what to leave out.\" Nevertheless, some have found a sign in the oversimplification that results, not of Terence's but of Housman's own emotional immaturity."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Though the names there can be found on the map, their topographical details are admittedly not factual."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Song settings",
"text": "George Butterworth was particularly drawn to Housman's poems, composing within a short period the Six Songs from A Shropshire Lad (1911) and Bredon Hill and Other Songs (1912) as well as his emotive Rhapsody, A Shropshire Lad, first performed in 1913."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Housman is said originally to have titled his book The Poems of Terence Hearsay, referring to a character there, but changed the title to A Shropshire Lad at the suggestion of a colleague in the British Museum."
}
] |
A Shropshire Lad was first named Terence's letters.
| 3 | 3 |
A Shropshire Lad
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Williams married his third wife, graphic designer Susan Schneider, on October 22, 2011, in St. Helena, California."
}
] |
fVgvwSKw6SYWmbrYAsHV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Stand-up comedy",
"text": "Williams once described the life of stand-up comedians: It's a brutal field, man."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Cody Williams and his fiancée were married on July 21, 2019, on what would have been Williams' 68th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "On April 30, 1989, Williams married Garces, who was six months pregnant with his child."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Williams married his first wife, Valerie Velardi, in June 1978, following a live-in relationship with comedian Elayne Boosler."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Williams married his third wife, graphic designer Susan Schneider, on October 22, 2011, in St. Helena, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "They had two children, Zelda Rae Williams (born 1989) and Cody Alan Williams (born 1991)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Velardi and Williams were divorced in 1988.While"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In a later production, Williams silenced his critics with his well-received performance as an old man in Tennessee Williams' Night of the Iguana."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "William Hurt and Mandy Patinkin were also classmates."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "When the show was released on video, it was dedicated to Williams."
}
] |
Williams was only married once.
| 0 | 0 |
Robin Williams
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Douglas was nicknamed the \"Little Giant\" because he was short in physical stature but a forceful and dominant figure in politics."
}
] |
fVsQIsiHhacdw8RbIQu2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Fort Douglas in Salt Lake City, the cities of Douglas and Douglasville in Georgia and Douglas, Wyoming were also named for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Richard Dreyfuss portrayed Stephen A. Douglas in a Lincoln–Douglas debate audiobook."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Stephen Arnold Douglass in Brandon, Vermont, on April 23, 1813, to physician Stephen Arnold Douglass and his wife, Sarah Fisk."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The younger Douglas would drop the second \"s\" from his name in 1846, the year after the publication of Frederick Douglass's first autobiography; it is unknown if these two events were connected."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "They had two sons: Robert M. Douglas (1849–1917) and Stephen Arnold Douglas, Jr., (1850–1908)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Edgar Lee Masters' work Children of the Marketplace: A fictitious biography is about Stephen Douglas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Numerous places have been named after him: counties in Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | Last months",
"text": "As late as Christmas 1860, Douglas wrote to Alexander H. Stephens and offered to support the annexation of Mexico as slave territory to avert secession."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | 1860 presidential election | Nomination",
"text": "His support was concentrated in the North, especially the Midwest, though some unionist Southerners like Alexander H. Stephens were sympathetic to his cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Douglas was nicknamed the \"Little Giant\" because he was short in physical stature but a forceful and dominant figure in politics."
}
] |
Stephen A. Douglas was often refereed to as a name that was a oxymoron.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen A. Douglas
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was the local chief of police and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938."
}
] |
fWLAXwHM4sbtYsyk3YdR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | Citizenship",
"text": "In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, unsuccessfully advocated for Parliament to revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early education and bodybuilding beginnings",
"text": "In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder became a huge success."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Post 2016",
"text": "In 2017, Schwarzenegger condemned white supremacists who were seen carrying Nazi and Confederate flags, by calling their heroes \"losers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was the local chief of police and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Schwarzenegger, Arnold (1977)."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Schwarzenegger, Arnold (2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Arnold: Developing a Mr. Universe Physique."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1998)."
}
] |
Arnold Schwarzenegger's dad was a member of the Nazi regime.
| 0 | 0 |
Arnold Schwarzenegger
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "\" Discussing \"the connection between violence and redemption,\" Demory concludes that while O'Connor's purpose is to convince readers \"of the powerful force of evil in the world and of our need for grace,\" Tarantino \"seeks to demonstrate that in spite of everything we have seen in the film — all the violence, degradation, death, crime, amoral behavior — grace is still possible; there might be still be a God who doesn't judge us on merits.\" Pulp Fiction won eight major awards from a total of twenty-six nominations, including a Best Original Screenplay win at the 67th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2008, Entertainment Weekly named it the best film since 1983 and it has appeared on many critics' lists of the greatest films ever made."
}
] |
fY0qNqkWg5SRIa9QftyL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards season",
"text": "At the British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA), Tarantino and Avary shared the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, and Jackson won for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In Siskel's view, the violent intensity of Pulp Fiction calls to mind other violent watershed films that were considered classics in their time and still are."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards season",
"text": "The screenplay won several prizes, with various awarding bodies ascribing credit differently."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2008, Entertainment Weekly named it the best film since 1983 and it has appeared on many critics' lists of the greatest films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival, and was a major critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "No film score was composed for Pulp Fiction; Quentin Tarantino instead used an eclectic assortment of surf music, rock and roll, soul, and pop songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Pulp Fiction now appears in several critical assessments of all-time great films."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Adding Pulp Fiction to his roster of The Great Movies in 2001, Roger Ebert called it \"the most influential film of the decade\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Notable motifs | The mysterious 666 briefcase",
"text": "Despite Tarantino's statements, many solutions to what one scholar calls this \"unexplained postmodern puzzle\" have been proposed."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards season",
"text": "Pulp Fiction garnered four honors at the Independent Spirit Awards, held at the end of the month — Best Feature, Best Director, Male Lead (Jackson), and Best Screenplay (Tarantino)."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "\" Discussing \"the connection between violence and redemption,\" Demory concludes that while O'Connor's purpose is to convince readers \"of the powerful force of evil in the world and of our need for grace,\" Tarantino \"seeks to demonstrate that in spite of everything we have seen in the film — all the violence, degradation, death, crime, amoral behavior — grace is still possible; there might be still be a God who doesn't judge us on merits.\" Pulp Fiction won eight major awards from a total of twenty-six nominations, including a Best Original Screenplay win at the 67th Academy Awards."
}
] |
Pulp Fiction won many awards, and the film was partly made to showcase the call to elevate the human soul in times of darkness.
| 0 | 0 |
Pulp Fiction
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges (1913–1998) and actress and writer Dorothy Bridges (née Simpson; 1915–2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His older brother Beau Bridges (born 1941) is also an actor."
}
] |
fYbyIhDAhHUeRPGLZSIA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He comes from a prominent acting family and appeared on the television series Sea Hunt (1958–60), with his father, Lloyd Bridges and brother, Beau Bridges."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "Referring to his career as an actor and his passion for music, Bridges says, \"I dug what an actor did, but it took me a while to feel it, to truly appreciate the craft and the preparation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His older brother Beau Bridges (born 1941) is also an actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges (1913–1998) and actress and writer Dorothy Bridges (née Simpson; 1915–2009)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "Bridges is one of the youngest actors ever to be nominated for an Academy Award (1972, age 22, Best Supporting Actor, The Last Picture Show), and one of the oldest ever to win (winning the Best Actor in 2010 at age 60 for Crazy Heart)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jeffrey Leon Bridges (born December 4, 1949) is an American actor, singer, and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "Crazy Heart also won him the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Drama, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1984, for playing the alien in Starman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "The Last Picture Show, for which he garnered a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": ": was I an actor or a musician, or could I be both?\"Bridges studied piano at a young age, strongly encouraged by his mother."
}
] |
Bridges comes from a family of actors.
| 1 | 2 |
Jeff Bridges
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "TriStar Pictures reportedly turned down the script as \"too demented\"."
}
] |
fZZdhtgxAXkJAUGYYay2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Homage as essence | Cinema",
"text": "Pulp Fiction is full of homages to other movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "In February, Pulp Fiction appeared on a Variety list of films in pre-production at TriStar."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and box office",
"text": "Popular engagement with the film, such as speculation about the contents of the precious briefcase, \"indicates the kind of cult status that Pulp Fiction achieved almost immediately\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "In June, however, the studio put the script into turnaround."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Notable motifs | The mysterious 666 briefcase",
"text": "The interview resumes with Rodriguez discussing how radically the \"knowledge\" of the briefcase's contents alters one's understanding of the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "He cast the lead actress, Angela Jones, in Pulp Fiction and later backed the filmmakers' production of a feature-length version of Curdled."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "According to a studio executive, TriStar chief Mike Medavoy found it \"too demented\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "In January 1993, the Pulp Fiction script was complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In 2001, Variety, noting the increasing number of actors switching back and forth between expensive studio films and low-budget independent or indie-style projects, suggested that the \"watershed moment for movie stars\" came with the decision by Willis – one of Hollywood's highest-paid performers – to appear in Pulp Fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Adding Pulp Fiction to his roster of The Great Movies in 2001, Roger Ebert called it \"the most influential film of the decade\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "TriStar Pictures reportedly turned down the script as \"too demented\"."
}
] |
The movie Pulp Fiction was declined by a production studio due to its disturbing content.
| 2 | 6 |
Pulp Fiction
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In 1327, Franciscan friar William of Baskerville and Adso of Melk, a Benedictine novice travelling under his protection, arrive at a Benedictine monastery in Northern Italy to attend a theological disputation."
}
] |
fZmQjisy1ZbxYlxUKOSL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Primary charactersWilliam of Baskerville – main protagonist, a Franciscan friar Adso of Melk – narrator,"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Patrick of Clonmacnois Rabano of ToledoOutsidersUbertino of Casale – Franciscan friar in exile, friend of William Michael of Cesena – Minister General of the Franciscans"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Games",
"text": "This remake greatly enhances the gameplay of the original, while also expanding the story and the cast of characters, borrowing elements from the movie and book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In 1327, Franciscan friar William of Baskerville and Adso of Melk, a Benedictine novice travelling under his protection, arrive at a Benedictine monastery in Northern Italy to attend a theological disputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Benedictine novice accompanying WilliamAt the monasteryAbo of Fossanova – the abbot of the Benedictine monastery"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Severinus of Sankt Wendel – herbalist who helps William Malachi of Hildesheim – librarian Berengar of Arundel – assistant librarian"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Adelmo of Otranto – illuminator, novice"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Venantius of Salvemec – translator of manuscripts Benno of Uppsala – student of rhetoric"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Alinardo of Grottaferrata – eldest monk"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Jorge of Burgos – elderly blind monk"
}
] |
The main character in the book is a friar.
| 0 | 6 |
The Name of the Rose
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe."
}
] |
faEvHJjRyBYEE6yMM9nQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"No Longer at Ease\" debuted to largely positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "But no longer at ease here, With an alien people clutching their gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Though set several decades after \"Things Fall Apart\", \"No Longer at Ease\" continues many of the themes from Achebe's first novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Mercedes Mackay of the Royal African Society noted that \"This second novel of Chinua Achebe is better than his first, and puts this Nigerian at the forefront of West African writers.\" Arthur Lerner of Los Angeles City College wrote that \"The second novel of this young Nigerian author continues the promise of its predecessor, Things Fall Apart.\" The novel was widely praised for its realistic and vivid depictions of life in Lagos in the early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Furthermore, Achebe depicts a family continuity between Ogbuefi Okonkwo in \"Things Fall Apart\" and his grandson Obi Okonkwo in \"No Longer at Ease\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is the second work in what is sometimes referred to as the \"African trilogy\", following Things Fall Apart and preceding Arrow of God."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the story of an Igbo man, Obi Okonkwo, who leaves his village for an education in Britain and then a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service, but is conflicted between his African culture and Western lifestyle and ends up taking a bribe."
}
] |
The book, No Longer At Ease is written by an African writer.
| 0 | 0 |
No Longer At Ease
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No. 3 single \"Fire and Rain\" and had his first"
}
] |
faTnPbQqsTnTAvqq5iJR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No. 3 single \"Fire and Rain\" and had his first"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1972: Fame and commercial success",
"text": "He appeared on The Johnny Cash Show, singing \"Sweet Baby James\", \"Fire and Rain\", and \"Country Road\", on February 17, 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–present: Comeback",
"text": "On November 22, 2011, Taylor performed \"Fire and Rain\" with Taylor Swift, who was named after him, at the last concert of her Speak Now World Tour in Madison Square Garden, as well as her own song, \"Fifteen\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1972: Fame and commercial success",
"text": "It went on to be listed at No. 103 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003, with \"Fire and Rain\" listed as No. 227 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–present: Comeback",
"text": "After a 45-year wait, James earned his first No. 1 album on the Billboard 200 chart with Before This World."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1972: Fame and commercial success",
"text": "The album itself reached No. 2 on the album charts, which would be Taylor's highest position ever until the release of his 2015 album, Before This World, which went to No. 1, superseding Taylor Swift."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He achieved his first number-one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–present: Comeback",
"text": "In early 2006, MusiCares honored Taylor with performances of his songs by an array of notable musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1972: Fame and commercial success",
"text": "Titled Sweet Baby James, and featuring the participation of Carole King, the album was released in February 1970 and was Taylor's critical and popular triumph, buoyed by the single \"Fire and Rain\", a song about both Taylor's experiences attempting to break his drug habit by undergoing treatment in psychiatric institutions and the suicide of his friend, Suzanne Schnerr."
}
] |
James Taylor is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist and became a famous musician after his song, Fire and Rain, reached number 1 on the charts.
| 0 | 0 |
James Taylor
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born on January 16, 1910, in Lucas, Arkansas, Dean attended public school only through second grade."
}
] |
fax3CfGgxSvRZYrDMVNj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "At age 37, Dean pitched four innings, allowing no runs, and rapped a single in his only at-bat."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "\" On September 21, Dean pitched no-hit ball for eight innings against the Brooklyn Dodgers, finishing with a three-hit shutout in the first game of a doubleheader, his 27th win of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born on January 16, 1910, in Lucas, Arkansas, Dean attended public school only through second grade."
}
] |
Dizzy Dean studied in a private institution.
| 1 | 8 |
Dizzy Dean
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Expedition | To Cape Horn",
"text": "The only adverse feature of the voyage to date, according to Bligh, was the conduct of the surgeon Huggan, who was revealed as an indolent, unhygienic drunkard."
}
] |
fb64WpGoeH8HCl9Bs2nx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Crew",
"text": "Christian was willing to serve on Bounty without pay as one of the \"young gentlemen\"; Bligh gave him one of the salaried master's mate's berths."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "One group, led by Morrison and Tom McIntosh, began building a schooner, which they named Resolution after Cook's ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Biographies and history",
"text": "Hough depicts \"an unsurpassed foul-weather commander ... I would go through hell and high water with him, but not for one day in the same ship on a calm sea\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Seizure",
"text": "and you know the sextant to be a good one."
},
{
"section_header": "Retribution | HMS Pandora mission",
"text": "The ship finally sailed on 8 May, to search for Christian and Bounty among the thousands of southern Pacific islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "The space required for these arrangements in the small ship meant that the crew and officers would endure severe overcrowding for the duration of the long voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Seizure",
"text": "\" The ships' K2 chronometer was left on the Bounty, but William Peckover had his own pocket watch that Bligh used to keep time."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | To Cape Horn",
"text": "When Bounty finally sailed on 28 November, the ship was trapped by contrary winds and unable to clear Spithead until 23 December."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christian's group remained undiscovered on Pitcairn until 1808, by which time only one mutineer, John Adams, remained alive."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Cape to Pacific",
"text": "In her account of the voyage, Caroline Alexander describes the loan as \"a significant act of friendship\", but one which Bligh ensured Christian did not forget."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | To Cape Horn",
"text": "The only adverse feature of the voyage to date, according to Bligh, was the conduct of the surgeon Huggan, who was revealed as an indolent, unhygienic drunkard."
}
] |
The ship doctor on the Bounty was a drunk.
| 0 | 0 |
Mutiny on the Bounty
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Lawsuit",
"text": "On March 21, 2017, a copyright infringement lawsuit was filed against Disney by Esplanade Productions, a company owned by Gary L. Goldman, the co-screenwriter of Total Recall."
}
] |
fbIvq3nneaatc23IyYq7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film earned numerous accolades; it was named one of the top ten best films of 2016 by the American Film Institute, and received an Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics' Choice Movie Award, and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, it also received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film, but lost to Kubo and the Two Strings."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2016, and won the Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics Choice Movie Award and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, as well as receiving a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film (which eventually lost to the aforementioned Kubo)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "IGN reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film a 9.0 out of 10 'Amazing' score, saying \"Zootopia is a wonderful example of how Disney, at its best, can mix its past and present together in a very cool, compelling way."
},
{
"section_header": "Merchandise",
"text": "In May 2018, it was announced that a Zootopia graphic novel is set to be published by Dark Horse Comics."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Re-release",
"text": "On June 22, 2020, amid the reopening of movie theaters due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, Disney announced that Zootopia, along with 11 other Disney owned movies were to return to US theaters during a 4-week period."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "On Metacritic, the film has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The filmmakers chose Bateman because they wanted an actor who could bring \"a funny yet heartfelt side\" with \"a wily, dry-witted sort of voice\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other countries",
"text": "$3.3 million came from IMAX showings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Bateman described his character as \"a crafty, sarcastic schemer\", remarking on the role's similarity to many other roles he had done since he was 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Howard and Bush continued to develop the film with the assistance of the Disney Story Trust, the studio's top creative personnel who meet regularly to review and discuss all projects in development."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Lawsuit",
"text": "On March 21, 2017, a copyright infringement lawsuit was filed against Disney by Esplanade Productions, a company owned by Gary L. Goldman, the co-screenwriter of Total Recall."
}
] |
Zootopia earned many awards and great reviews, but a dark side came out when Disney was sued for having stolen the intellectual property from another production studio for the movie.
| 0 | 1 |
Zootopia
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "She doubted if the offer was real because the only record company she knew was Virgin Records, and she took a friend with her to the meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "The friend posted the demo on Myspace, where it became very successful and led to a phone call from Richard Russell, boss of the music label XL Recordings."
}
] |
fbKfxXDrJFi3Oflvw5LV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006, Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "In March 2008, Adele signed a deal with Columbia Records and XL Recordings for her foray into the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "She doubted if the offer was real because the only record company she knew was Virgin Records, and she took a friend with her to the meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "However, in the October 2014 accounts filed with Companies House by XL Recordings, they ruled out a 2014 release."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "Huggett then signed Adele to XL in September 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences and favourite musicians",
"text": "I was like, 'Who did this?' I knew it was Taylor, and I've always loved her, but this is a totally other side — like, 'I want to know who brought that out in her.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lawyers working on their behalf accepted damages from the company in July 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "To know that half an hour before she’d been in tears at the thought of walking out there.\" As part of her world tour, in February and March 2017, Adele performed in Australia for the first time, playing outdoor stadiums around the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "In a statement released three days later she confirmed that the album is titled 25, with Adele stating, \" My last record was a break-up record, and if I had to label this one, I would call it a make-up record."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "As the best-selling artist worldwide for 2015 the IFPI named Adele the Global Recording Artist of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "The friend posted the demo on Myspace, where it became very successful and led to a phone call from Richard Russell, boss of the music label XL Recordings."
}
] |
Adele thought the record company that wanted to sign her was fake.
| 0 | 0 |
Adele
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Phileas Fogg is a rich British gentleman living in solitude."
}
] |
fbOHC7PrzAfVyQqS7D14
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Even the title Around the World in Eighty Days is not original."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and analysis",
"text": "Around the World in Eighty Days was written during difficult times, both for France and for Verne."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film",
"text": "Around the World in Eighty Days, a 1919 German film starring Conrad Veidt, the first film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Television",
"text": "Around the World with Willy Fog is a 26-episode Spanish-Japanese animated TV series by BRB International and Nippon Animation and was made in 1983, in which all the characters are anthropomorphic animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Real-life imitations",
"text": "In 2017, Mark Beaumont, a British cyclist inspired by Verne, set out to cycle across the world in 80 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is an adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first published in French in 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The periodical Le Tour du monde (3 October 1869) contained a short piece titled \"Around the World in Eighty Days\", which refers to \"140 miles\" of railway not yet completed between Allahabad and Bombay, a central point in Verne's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Phileas Fogg is a rich British gentleman living in solitude."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Games",
"text": "The board game Around the World in 80 Days is derived from the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Real-life imitations",
"text": "Her book Around the World in Seventy-Two Days became a best seller."
}
] |
The main character of Around the World in Eighty Days is British.
| 0 | 0 |
Around the World in Eighty Days
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Early life",
"text": "He was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638."
}
] |
fbQ5Wd2lWl1ZiZcEOB5R
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Mother's death",
"text": "Abraham became close to his stepmother, and called her \"Mother\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Early life",
"text": "They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died an infant."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memory and memorials",
"text": "Memorials in Springfield, Illinois include Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Lincoln's home, as well as his tomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Education and move to Illinois",
"text": "Abraham then became increasingly distant from Thomas, in part due to his father's lack of education."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memory and memorials",
"text": "The United States Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) is named after Lincoln, the second Navy ship to bear his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Early life",
"text": "Lincoln's paternal grandparents, his namesake Captain Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring), moved the family from Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Native American policy",
"text": "Lincoln's experience with Indians followed the death of his grandfather Abraham at their hands, in the presence of his father and uncles."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Early life",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "Sociologist Barry Schwartz argues that in the 1930s and 1940s, the memory of Abraham Lincoln was practically sacred and provided the nation with \"a moral symbol inspiring and guiding American life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Education and move to Illinois",
"text": "In 1831, as Thomas and other family prepared to move to a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois, Abraham struck out on his own."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Early life",
"text": "He was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638."
}
] |
Abraham Lincoln had English roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Abraham Lincoln
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital and largest city is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liège, Bruges, Namur and Leuven."
}
] |
fc3Sk2qmDGDtu2nJ5tD8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "The biggest brewer in the world by volume is Anheuser-Busch InBev, based in Leuven."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Locus of policy jurisdiction",
"text": "These include economy, employment, agriculture, water policy, housing, public works, energy, transport, the environment, town and country planning, nature conservation, credit and foreign trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "From 1832 until 2002, Belgium's currency was the Belgian franc."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Belgium's strongly globalized economy and its transport infrastructure are integrated with the rest of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ("
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Roman Catholicism has traditionally been Belgium's majority religion; being especially strong in Flanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The Paris Basin reaches a small fourth area at Belgium's southernmost tip, Belgian Lorraine."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Armed forces",
"text": "In 2019, Belgium's defense budget totaled €4.303 billion ($4.921 billion) representing .93% of its GDP."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Since the country's independence, Roman Catholicism, counterbalanced by strong freethought movements, has had an important role in Belgium's politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Despite the drop in church attendance, Catholic identity nevertheless remains an important part of Belgium's culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital and largest city is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liège, Bruges, Namur and Leuven."
}
] |
Belgium's biggest town is Brussels.
| 0 | 0 |
Belgium
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Tableaux Parisiens (Parisian Scenes)",
"text": "These characters whom Baudelaire once praised as the backbone of Paris are now eulogized in his nostalgic poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Tableaux Parisiens (Parisian Scenes)",
"text": "For Baudelaire, the city has been transformed into an anthill of identical bourgeois that reflect the new identical structures that litter a Paris he once called home but can now no longer recognize."
}
] |
fcPsTaajAbbJbGCNc8qD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Baudelaire's Flowers Of Evil (Les Fleurs Du Mal) is a 1968 recording by Yvette Mimieux and Ali Akbar Khan originally issued on LP by Connoisseur Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "no Hana, as well as its title track, after Les Fleurs du mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The intention is to convert the entirety of Les Fleurs du Mal to cantastoria in seven years."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Later in the episode a doctor briefly discusses Baudelaire and a phrase from the book with that patient. Chicago-based artistic collective Theater Oobleck produced a series of cantastoria using Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal as text."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The 2009 manga The 2009 manga Aku no Hana is named after Les Fleurs du mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Fleurs du mal (French pronunciation: [le flœʁ dy mal]; English: The Flowers of Evil) is a volume of French poetry by Charles Baudelaire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Symphonic metal band Therion released an album named Les Fleurs du Mal in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Henri Dutilleux's Tout un monde lointain... for cello and orchestra (1970) is strongly influenced by Les Fleurs du Mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Sopor Aeternus & the Ensemble of Shadows released an album named Les Fleurs du Mal and also an 8 and half minute song too."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The movie Immortal (2004, Dominique Brunner); In the scene on the Eiffel Tower, Jill (Linda Hardy) is reading from the book Les Fleurs Du Mal."
},
{
"section_header": "Tableaux Parisiens (Parisian Scenes)",
"text": "These characters whom Baudelaire once praised as the backbone of Paris are now eulogized in his nostalgic poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Tableaux Parisiens (Parisian Scenes)",
"text": "For Baudelaire, the city has been transformed into an anthill of identical bourgeois that reflect the new identical structures that litter a Paris he once called home but can now no longer recognize."
}
] |
In Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal, he laments a Paris that is gone.
| 0 | 0 |
Les Fleurs du Mal
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Russo-Japanese War (Russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, romanized: Rússko-yapónskaya voyná; Japanese: 日露戦争, romanized: Nichiro sensō, \"Japanese-Russian War\") was fought during 1904 and 1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea."
}
] |
fd1sduPwhI0lEWjWpKpB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)",
"text": "The first war Japan fought was the First Sino-Japanese War, fought in 1894 and 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign of 1905 | Battle of Mukden",
"text": "Although the Battle of Mukden was a major defeat for the Russians and was the most decisive land battle ever fought by the Japanese, the final victory still depended on the navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)",
"text": "Between the Meiji Restoration and its participation in World War I, the Empire of Japan fought in two significant wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Russo-Japanese War (Russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, romanized: Rússko-yapónskaya voyná; Japanese: 日露戦争, romanized: Nichiro sensō, \"Japanese-Russian War\") was fought during 1904 and 1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment | Reception around the world",
"text": "While for Jawaharlal Nehru, then only an aspiring politician in British India, \"Japan's victory lessened the feeling of inferiority from which most of us suffered."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)",
"text": "The war revolved around the issue of control and influence over Korea under the rule of the Joseon dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Fiction",
"text": "Fictional coverage of the war in English began even before it was over."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign of 1904 | Siege of Port Arthur",
"text": "With a spotter at the end of phone line located at this vantage point, the long-range artillery was able to shell the Russian fleet, which was unable to retaliate against the land-based artillery invisible over the other side of hilltop, and was unable or unwilling to sail out against the blockading fleet."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Visual arts",
"text": "However, his last work, a picture of a council of war presided over by the admiral, was recovered almost undamaged."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment | Military results",
"text": "His reforms were credited with Japan's overwhelming victory over China in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895."
}
] |
The Russo-Japanese War was fought over land in India.
| 1 | 5 |
Russo-Japanese War
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues - after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens by one or two titles in the 1990s."
}
] |
fd7KBdOkSUm0B7tvHKiA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Distinctions",
"text": "Among North American major sports, the Yankees' success is approached only by the 24 Stanley Cup championships of the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues - after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens by one or two titles in the 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The team's rivalry with the Boston Red Sox is one of the most well-known rivalries in North American sports."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–2007: Core Four: Jeter, Posada, Pettitte, and Rivera",
"text": "In the ALCS, the Yankees met the Boston Red Sox again, and became the first team in professional baseball history, and only the third team in North American professional sports history, to lose a best-of-seven series after taking a 3–0 series lead."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2017–present: Baby Bombers",
"text": "A right fielder who bats right-handed, Stanton hit 59 home runs and drove in 132 runs—both major league highs—in 2017; his contract was the largest player contract in the history of professional sports in North America at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yankees are arguably the most successful professional sports team in the United States; they have won 19 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1901–1902: Origins in Baltimore",
"text": "In 1900, Ban Johnson, the president of a minor league known as the Western League (1894–1899), changed the Western League name to the American League (AL) and asked the National League to classify it as a major league."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "The Yankees–Red Sox rivalry is one of the oldest, most famous, and fiercest rivalries in professional sports."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2017–present: Baby Bombers",
"text": "Judge led the American League with 52 home runs, breaking Mark McGwire's major league record for most home runs by a rookie in a single season (McGwire hit 49 in 1987)."
}
] |
Among North American major sports, the Yankees' are not rivaled in the four major North American professional sports leagues.
| 0 | 0 |
New York Yankees
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "General | Mass estimates",
"text": "This contradicted earlier measurements that seemed to indicate that the Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way are almost equal in mass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, the Andromeda Galaxy is among the brightest of the Messier objects, making it visible to the naked eye from Earth on moonless nights, even when viewed from areas with moderate light pollution."
}
] |
fdeVIS2h9IUDhMLB4kkb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "Roberts mistook Andromeda and similar spiral nebulae as solar systems being formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Collision with the Milky Way",
"text": "Before the galaxies merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join the Andromeda Galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "General | Luminosity estimates",
"text": "An estimation done with the help of Spitzer Space Telescope published in 2010 suggests an absolute magnitude (in the blue) of −20.89 (that with a color index of +0.63 translates to an absolute visual magnitude of −21.52, compared to −20.9 for the Milky Way), and a total luminosity in that wavelength of 3.64×1010 L☉.The rate of star formation in the Milky Way is much higher, with Andromeda Galaxy producing only about one solar mass per year compared to 3–5 solar masses for the Milky Way."
},
{
"section_header": "Collision with the Milky Way",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 110 kilometres per second (68 miles per second)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The virial mass of the Andromeda Galaxy is of the same order of magnitude as that of the Milky Way, at 1 trillion solar masses (2.0×1042 kilograms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Collision with the Milky Way",
"text": "Andromeda Galaxy's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way is relatively much smaller than the approaching velocity and therefore it is expected to collide directly with the Milky Way in about 4 billion years."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Studies of the extended halo of the Andromeda Galaxy show that it is roughly comparable to that of the Milky Way, with stars in the halo being generally \"metal-poor\", and increasingly so with greater distance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, the Andromeda Galaxy is among the brightest of the Messier objects, making it visible to the naked eye from Earth on moonless nights, even when viewed from areas with moderate light pollution."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "However, infrared data from the 2MASS survey and from the Spitzer Space Telescope showed that Andromeda is actually a barred spiral galaxy, like the Milky Way, with Andromeda's bar major"
},
{
"section_header": "General | Mass estimates",
"text": "The radio results (similar mass to Milky Way galaxy) should be taken as likeliest as of 2018, although clearly this matter is still under active investigation by a number of research groups worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "General | Mass estimates",
"text": "This contradicted earlier measurements that seemed to indicate that the Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way are almost equal in mass."
}
] |
Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy magnitude is similar and can be viewed only by telescope.
| 0 | 0 |
Andromeda Galaxy
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "It is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the biggest metropolitan area in the world with 38,140,000 people (2016).Japanese society is linguistically, ethnically and culturally homogeneous, composed of 98.1% ethnic Japanese, with small populations of foreign workers."
}
] |
fdyehUZrjehr8oZFPHeb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Zainichi Koreans, Chinese, Filipinos, Brazilians mostly of Japanese descent, Peruvians mostly of Japanese descent, and Americans are among the small minority groups in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "It is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the biggest metropolitan area in the world with 38,140,000 people (2016).Japanese society is linguistically, ethnically and culturally homogeneous, composed of 98.1% ethnic Japanese, with small populations of foreign workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "The Shrines of Ise have been celebrated as the prototype of Japanese architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Japan is the third largest national economy in the world, after the United States and China, in terms of nominal GDP, and the fourth largest national economy in the world, after the United States, China and India, in terms of purchasing power parity."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The changes in demographic structure have created a number of social issues, particularly a potential decline in workforce population and increase in the cost of social security benefits."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "It consists of a lower House of Representatives with 465 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved, and an upper House of Councillors with 245 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Japan has a population of 126.3 million, of which 124.8 million are Japanese nationals (2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Japan accepts an average flow of 9,500 new naturalized citizens per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Japan has the second longest overall life expectancy at birth of any country in the world: 83.5 years for persons born in the period 2010–2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Late 20th and early 21st century projects include artificial islands such as Chubu Centrair International Airport in Ise Bay, Kansai International Airport in the middle of Osaka Bay, Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise and Wakayama Marina City."
}
] |
Japan is mostly homogeneous in terms of demographics..
| 0 | 0 |
Japan
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "A central theme of the \"Ozymandias\" poems is the inevitable decline of rulers with their pretensions to greatness."
}
] |
feBa1begptvLWVjqHsdr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "If anyone would know how great I am and where I lie, let him surpass one of my works."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Shelley began writing his poem in 1817, soon after the British Museum's announcement that they had acquired a large fragment of a statue of Ramesses II from the 13th century BCE; some scholars believe Shelley was inspired by the acquisition."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Smith's poem",
"text": "It takes the same subject, tells the same story, and makes a similar moral point, but one related more directly to modernity, ending by imagining a hunter of the future looking in wonder on the ruins of a forgotten London."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Shelley's poem",
"text": "Ozymandias\" in his 1819 collection Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue; with Other Poems by Charles and James Ollier and in the 1826 Miscellaneous and Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley by William Benbow, both in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretation | Hubris",
"text": "A central theme of the \"Ozymandias\" poems is the inevitable decline of rulers with their pretensions to greatness."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Ozymandias and the Travelers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and publication history | Shelley's poem",
"text": "Shelley's poem was later republished under the title \"Sonnet."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Postponement and Perspectives in Shelley's 'Ozymandias'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Johnstone Parr (1957). \"Shelley's 'Ozymandias'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Shelley and Smith: Two Sonnets on Ozymandias\"."
}
] |
The poem, Ozymandias, focuses on the roles women played in society in the 18th century England.
| 3 | 4 |
Ozymandias
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Ivanhoe, Wales 1913, directed by Leedham Bantock, filmed at Chepstow Castle"
}
] |
fenCOcKN1xKzIPuhDm9O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ivanhoe: A Romance () is a historical novel by Walter Scott, first published in late 1819 in three volumes, one of the Waverley novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Ivanhoe, Wales 1913, directed by Leedham Bantock, filmed at Chepstow Castle"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been the basis for several motion pictures: Ivanhoe, United States 1911, directed by J. Stuart Blackton Ivanhoe United States 1913, directed by Herbert Brenon; with King Baggot, Leah Baird, and Brenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "1986: Ivanhoe, a 1986 animated telemovie produced by Burbank Films in Australia. 1995: Young Ivanhoe, a 1995 television movie directed by Ralph L. Thomas and starring Kristen Holden-Ried as Ivanhoe, Rachel Blanchard as Rowena, Stacy Keach as Pembrooke, Margot Kidder as Lady Margarite, Nick Mancuso as Bourget, and Matthew Daniels as Tuck. 1997: Ivanhoe the King's Knight a televised cartoon series produced by CINAR and France Animation."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "There have also been many television adaptations of the novel, including: 1958: A television series based on the character of Ivanhoe starring Roger Moore as Ivanhoe 1970: A TV miniseries starring Eric Flynn as Ivanhoe. 1982: Ivanhoe, a television movie starring Anthony Andrews as Ivanhoe."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Ye Olden Days United States 1933, directed by Burt Gillett Ivanhoe, 1952, directed by Richard Thorpe, starring Robert Taylor, Elizabeth Taylor, Joan Fontaine and George Sanders; nominated for three Oscars."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "Баллада о доблестном рыцаре Айвенго), USSR 1983, directed by Sergey Tarasov, with songs of Vladimir Vysotsky, starring Peteris Gaudins as Ivanhoe."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "The Revenge of Ivanhoe (1965) starred Rik Battaglia (an Italian peplum) Ivanhoe, the Norman Swordsman (1971) aka La spada normanna, directed by Roberto Mauri (an Italian peplum) The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe ("
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "Scott himself acknowledged that he had taken liberties with history in his \"Dedicatory Epistle\" to Ivanhoe."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Critic György Lukács points to middling main characters like Ivanhoe in Walter Scott's other novels as one of the primary reasons Scott's historical novels depart from previous historical works, and better explore social and cultural history."
}
] |
Ivanhoe is a movie directed by Walter Scott.
| 0 | 8 |
Ivanhoe
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in Queens, New York."
}
] |
feuFr7zrrdGRDVJOkkya
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Other facilities",
"text": "Its LaGuardia Airport Command is located in Building 137."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The name was changed after New York City's takeover and reconstruction to New York Municipal Airport–LaGuardia Field, and in 1953 became \"LaGuardia Airport\", named for Fiorello La Guardia, the mayor of New York City when the airport was built."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in Queens, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Opening and early years",
"text": "Newspaper accounts alternately referred to the airfield as New York Municipal Airport and LaGuardia Field until the modern name was officially applied when the airport moved to Port of New York Authority control under a lease with New York City on June 1, 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Other facilities",
"text": "When New York Air was in operation, its headquarters were in Hangar 5 at LaGuardia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The existing North Beach Airport was an obvious location, but much too small for the sort of airport that was being planned."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal C",
"text": "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey says that the terminal handles approximately 50% of regional airliner traffic at LaGuardia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The initiative to develop the airport for commercial flights began with an outburst by New York mayor Fiorello La Guardia (in office from 1934 to 1945) upon the arrival of his TWA flight at Newark Airport – the only commercial airport serving the New York City region at the time – as his ticket said \"New York\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal B",
"text": "The new Terminal B Western Concourse is slated to open in 2021 where all of American Airlines gates will be located."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport is the third busiest airport serving New York City, and the twentieth busiest in the United States."
}
] |
LaGuardia Airport is located in New York.
| 0 | 0 |
LaGuardia Airport
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manuel de Falla y Matheu (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ðe ˈfaʎa], 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist."
}
] |
ffeqPY03uTkQh25loSOt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "Manuel de Falla never married and had no children."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recordings by Falla",
"text": "Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Grabaciones históricas; Centro de Documentación Musical de Andalucía. (Almaviva, HOM13080) (ref) Rollos de Pianola (Obras de Albéniz, Granados, Turina, Ocón, Chapí, Alonso y Otros) (Almaviva, DS - 0141) ASIN B000GI34D6"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Falla was born Manuel María de los Dolores Falla y Matheu in Cádiz."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "That same year he started to use de with his first surname, making Manuel de Falla"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Granada period",
"text": "From 1921 to 1939 Manuel de Falla lived in Granada, where he organized the Concurso de Cante Jondo in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "One of the lasting honors to his memory is the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at Complutense University of Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manuel de Falla y Matheu (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ðe ˈfaʎa], 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados, he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "Falla then began his collaboration with composer Amadeo Vives on the zarzuelas Prisionero de guerra, El cornetín de órdenes and La cruz de Malta (only fragments of these works survive)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "His health began to decline and he moved to a house in the mountains where he was tended by his sister María del Carmen de Falla (1882–1971)."
}
] |
Manuel de Falla was a Portuguese musician.
| 0 | 4 |
Manuel de Falla
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At)."
}
] |
ffkR9UxgRuG94p4qDKqg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Chemical",
"text": "This means that further down group 17 in the periodic table, the reactivity of elements decreases because of the increasing size of the atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Etymology",
"text": "The names of the elements all have the ending -ine."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Drug components",
"text": "Aromatic halogen groups are far less reactive than aliphatic halogen groups, which can exhibit considerable chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Chemical | Molecules | Diatomic halogen molecules",
"text": "Due to relatively weak intermolecular forces, chlorine and fluorine form part of the group known as \"elemental gases\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Drug components",
"text": "As a consequence, the most common halogen substitutions are the less reactive aromatic fluorine and chlorine groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Chemical",
"text": "The halogens show trends in chemical bond energy moving from top to bottom of the periodic table column with fluorine deviating slightly."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Drug components",
"text": "The other aliphatic-halogen bonds are weaker, their reactivity increasing down the periodic table."
}
] |
Halogen are a group in the periodic table consisting of four chemically related elements, and in the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17.
| 0 | 0 |
Halogen
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In her autobiography, I, Tina: My Life Story (1986), Turner revealed that she had been subjected to domestic violence."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues",
"text": "In 1977, Turner and her estranged husband, Ike Turner, were sued for cancelling an engagement at Temple University two days before they were scheduled to perform August 1976.In 1978, Turner was sued by Diners Club for $26,108 in overdue bills charged to two of her credit cards."
}
] |
ffmwiUTx8wxexADpPyws
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Ike Turner",
"text": "On multiple occasions, Ike claimed that he was never officially married to Tina and that her birth name is Martha Nell Bullock (not Anna Mae Bullock)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner added his last name and trademarked the name as a form of protection, so that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another \"Tina Turner\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Solo career | Recent years: 2000–present",
"text": "Turner's third book, Happiness Becomes You: A Guide to Changing Your Life for Good, will be released by Simon & Schuster in December 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Ike Turner",
"text": "Tina wrote in her autobiography"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Residences and citizenship",
"text": "She owned property in Cologne, London, and Los Angeles, and a villa on the French Riviera named Anna Fleur."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tina Turner was born Anna Mae Bullock on November 26, 1939, in Brownsville, Tennessee, the youngest daughter of Zelma Priscilla (née Currie) and Floyd Richard Bullock."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "Tina wrote in her autobiography"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American-born Swiss singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Early relationships",
"text": "After moving to St. Louis, Bullock and her sister Alline became acquainted with Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Ike Turner",
"text": "Tina gave Ike her share of their Bolic Sound recording studio, publishing companies, real estate, and he kept his four cars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In her autobiography, I, Tina: My Life Story (1986), Turner revealed that she had been subjected to domestic violence."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues",
"text": "In 1977, Turner and her estranged husband, Ike Turner, were sued for cancelling an engagement at Temple University two days before they were scheduled to perform August 1976.In 1978, Turner was sued by Diners Club for $26,108 in overdue bills charged to two of her credit cards."
}
] |
Tina Turner's real name is Anna Bullock and she wrote a book about being married to Ike Freeman.
| 1 | 4 |
Tina Turner
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wind in the Willows is a children's novel by Scottish novelist Kenneth Grahame, first published in 1908."
}
] |
fg7dP2bInjpUgatJmzXM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels and alternative versions",
"text": "Daniel Mallory Ortberg included the story \" Some of Us Had Been Threatening Our Friend Mr. Toad,\" which blends Wind in the Willows with the Donald Barthelme short story"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels and alternative versions",
"text": "It is a re-telling of the story of The Wind in the Willows from the point of view of the working-class inhabitants of the Wild Wood."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Michel Plessix created a Wind in the Willows watercolour comic album series, which helped to introduce the stories to France."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Wind in the Willows, a 1969 TV series adaptation of the story produced by Anglia Television, told by still illustrations by artist John Worsley."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One does not argue about The Wind in the Willows."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1908 Grahame took early retirement from his job at the Bank of England and moved with his wife and son to an old farmhouse in Blewbury, where he used the bedtime stories he had told Alastair as a basis for the manuscript of The Wind in the Willows."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels and alternative versions",
"text": "William Horwood created several sequels to The Wind in the Willows: The Willows in Winter, Toad Triumphant, The Willows and Beyond, and The Willows at Christmas (1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Wind in the Willows, a 1984–1990 TV series following the 1983 film, using the same sets and characters in mostly original stories but also including some chapters from the book that were omitted in the film, notably \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Short stories",
"text": "In addition to the main narrative, the book contains several independent short stories featuring Rat and Mole."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "The Wind in the Willows was the last work illustrated by Arthur Rackham."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wind in the Willows is a children's novel by Scottish novelist Kenneth Grahame, first published in 1908."
}
] |
The Wind in the Willows is an adult's story.
| 2 | 5 |
The Wind in the Willows
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "There are discrepancies regarding when and where he was born."
}
] |
fgRWhFWimPDoTLZL1kv5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family and associates",
"text": "Before she met Amin, Sarah was living with a boyfriend, Jesse Gitta; he vanished and it is not clear if he was beheaded, or detained after fleeing to Kenya."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amin was born in Koboko to a Kakwa father and Lugbara mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "There are discrepancies regarding when and where he was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "He named his first-born son after himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and associates",
"text": "His last known child, daughter Iman, was born in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Most biographical sources claim that he was born in either Koboko or Kampala around 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and associates",
"text": "On 3 August 2007, Amin and Sarah's son, Faisal Wangita (born in 1983), was convicted for playing a role in a murder in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and associates",
"text": "In early 2007, the award-winning film The Last King of Scotland prompted one of his sons, Jaffar Amin (born in 1967), to speak out in his father's defence."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Amin's son Hussein has stated that his father was born in Kampala in 1928.According to Fred Guweddeko, a researcher at Makerere University"
},
{
"section_header": "Family and associates",
"text": "Until 2003, Taban Amin (born 1955), Idi Amin's eldest son, was the leader of West Nile Bank Front (WNBF), a rebel group opposed to the government of Yoweri Museveni."
}
] |
It is not clear when Amin was born.
| 2 | 3 |
Idi Amin
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
}
] |
fhoi2l8wNuIW4WSMXmLs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Marjorie, the oldest child, was born in October 1898; Mignon, the second daughter, was born in November 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The youngest, Malcolm Rider (called Tom), was born 18 months after Barbara."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was a young girl, her parents determined that Eleanor, a \"feminine\" and \"delicate\" name, was not appropriate for her, and chose Barbara instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "historian Nathaniel C. Comfort's The Tangled Field: Barbara McClintock's Search for the Patterns of Genetic Control."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "An anthology of her 43 publications The Discovery and Characterization of Transposable Elements: The Collected Papers of Barbara McClintock was published in 1987.The McClintock Prize is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Some of McClintock's personality and scientific achievements were referred to in Jeffrey Eugenides's 2011 novel The Marriage Plot, which tells the story of a yeast geneticist named Leonard who suffers from bipolar disorder."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Laureates of the award include David Baulcombe, Detlef Weigel, Robert A. Martienssen, Jeffrey D. Palmer and Susan R. Wessler."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Cold Spring Harbor named a building in her honor in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock's real name was Robert when she was born in 1898.
| 2 | 3 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Restaurants",
"text": "The tower has two restaurants: Le 58 Tour Eiffel on the first level, and Le Jules Verne, a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level."
}
] |
fiXUGfqORtMSHgmPuHaZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Design | Accommodation",
"text": "When originally built, the first level contained three restaurants — one French, one Russian and one Flemish — and an \"Anglo-American Bar\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Restaurants",
"text": "This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Restaurants",
"text": "The tower has two restaurants: Le 58 Tour Eiffel on the first level, and Le Jules Verne, a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Inauguration and the 1889 exposition",
"text": "Eiffel invited Edison to his private apartment at the top of the tower, where Edison presented him with one of his phonographs, a new invention and one of the many highlights of the exposition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Lifts",
"text": "One lift car was mounted on top of these rams: cables ran from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and back down to a second car."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "In 1987, A.J. Hackett made one of his first bungee jumps from the top of the Eiffel Tower, using a special cord he had helped develop."
},
{
"section_header": "Replicas",
"text": "As one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of many replicas and similar towers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Artists' protest",
"text": "Guy de Maupassant supposedly ate lunch in the tower's restaurant every day because it was the one place in Paris where the tower was not visible."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "The new cars operate in pairs, with one counterbalancing the other, and perform the journey in one stage, reducing the journey time from eight minutes to less than two minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels."
}
] |
The Eiffel Tower has 2 restaurants and one is on the first level and the 2nd one is on the 2nd level with a lift.
| 2 | 4 |
Eiffel Tower
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He lives in Annapolis, Maryland and is married to Laura Ripken, née Kaufman, a circuit court judge in Anne Arundel County, Maryland."
}
] |
filiK5QREKSQjmyVZwkR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "The documentary also showed Ripken accepting his appointment from Rice and featured a variety of interviews, from Ripken's wife Kelly to former Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, Karen Hughes."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "In 1988, he and wife Kelly founded the Cal Ripken Jr., Lifelong Learning Center, which is dedicated to teaching adults to read."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In addition, Ripken has been the subject of scholarly publications analyzing the impact of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "It was reported on April 28, 2016, that Ripken and his wife Kelly had divorced after a one-year separation."
},
{
"section_header": "Charity",
"text": "On May 19, 2013 Ripken received an honorary Doctor of Public Service degree from the University of Maryland while serving as the university's general commencement speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Vi\" Ripken (née Roberta) and Cal Ripken Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A children's biography of Ripken, Cal Ripken Jr., Quiet Hero was published in 1993 by Lois Nicholson."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1987–1990",
"text": "Cal Ripken Sr. replaced the retired Weaver as manager of the Orioles at the beginning of the 1987 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1995, Harvey Rosenfeld released a biography on him entitled Iron Man: The Cal Ripken Jr., Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Later, in 2007, Jeff Seidel released a biography on him entitled, Iron Man: Cal Ripken Jr., a Tribute."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He lives in Annapolis, Maryland and is married to Laura Ripken, née Kaufman, a circuit court judge in Anne Arundel County, Maryland."
}
] |
Cal Ripken Jr.'s wife is a public defender.
| 0 | 0 |
Cal Ripken Jr.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical sources",
"text": "Justinian is widely regarded as a saint by Orthodox Christians, and is also commemorated by some Lutheran churches on 14 November."
}
] |
fj3DAl9OQJekltYTXXp9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is called \"Saint Justinian the Emperor\" in the Eastern Orthodox Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical sources",
"text": "Justinian is widely regarded as a saint by Orthodox Christians, and is also commemorated by some Lutheran churches on 14 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Legislative activities",
"text": "I and Leo VI the Wise. The only western province where the Justinian code was introduced was Italy (after the conquest by the so-called Pragmatic Sanction of 554), from where it was to pass to Western Europe in the 12th century and become the basis of much European law code."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "I ho Mégas; c. 482 – 14 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Architecture, learning, art and literature",
"text": "Another prominent church in the capital, the Church of the Holy Apostles, which had been in a very poor state near the end of the 5th century, was likewise rebuilt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Economy and administration",
"text": "The protracted war in Italy and the wars with the Persians themselves laid a heavy burden on the Empire's resources, and Justinian was criticized for curtailing the government-run post service, which he limited to only one eastern route of military importance."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Religious activities | Religious policy",
"text": "Justinian protected the purity of the church by suppressing heretics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been known as the \"Last Roman\" in mid-20th century historiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Architecture, learning, art and literature",
"text": "According to Pseudo-Codinus, Justinian stated at the completion of this edifice, \"Solomon, I have outdone thee\" (in reference to the first Jewish temple)."
}
] |
Justinian is called is widely known as "Saint Justinian the Emperor" in the Eastern Orthodox Church and wisely set about the orderly rephrasing of one of Rome's law that impacts today's states.
| 0 | 0 |
Justinian I
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 1951 opera by the young British composer Peter Tranchell, with a libretto by Tranchell and Peter Bentley."
}
] |
fjSprZiaM4OCOP5383g6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a silent film of 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 1951 opera by the young British composer Peter Tranchell, with a libretto by Tranchell and Peter Bentley."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 2003 British TV film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "Mayor Nair, a 1966 Indian Malayalam film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 1978 seven-part serial for BBC TV."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "Daag, a 1973 Bollywood romantic drama film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "The Claim, a 2000 film set in the American West with events loosely based on those of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 2008 three-part radio play by Helen Edmundson for BBC Radio 4's Classic Serial slot."
},
{
"section_header": "Principal characters",
"text": "Michael Henchard: hay trusser who becomes Mayor of Casterbridge"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 1994 four-part dramatisation by Sally Hedges with David Calder as Michael Henchard, Jason Flemyng as Donald Farfrae, Janet Dale as Susan, Andrea Wray as Elizabeth-Jane, Sandra Berkin as Lucetta, Mary Wimbush as the Furmity-seller and John Nettles as Newson."
}
] |
Tranchell adapted The Mayor of Casterbridge in 1921 as a silent film.
| 0 | 0 |
The Mayor of Casterbridge
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Leo I (c. 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, was Bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 and died in 461."
}
] |
fjlJ1cKDUwgZk0I8Mv46
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"He was a Roman aristocrat, and was the first pope to have been called \"the Great\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Heir of Peter",
"text": "He was one of the first bishops of Rome to promote papal primacy based on succession from Peter the Apostle; and he did so as a means of maintaining unity among the churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal authority | Various regional matters",
"text": "Feeling that the primatial rights of the bishop of Rome were threatened, Leo appealed to the civil power for support and obtained, from Valentinian III, a decree of 6 June 445, which recognized the primacy of the bishop of Rome based on the merits of Peter, the dignity of the city, and the legislation of the First Council of Nicaea; and provided for the forcible extradition by provincial governors of any bishop who refused to answer a summons to Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Leo I (c. 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, was Bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 and died in 461."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal authority",
"text": "The bishop of Rome had gradually become viewed as the chief patriarch in the Western church."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "About this time Cyril of Alexandria appealed to Rome regarding a jurisdictional dispute with Juvenal of Jerusalem, but it is not entirely clear whether the letter was intended for Leo, in his capacity of archdeacon, or for Pope Celestine I directly."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Heir of Peter",
"text": "Thus, the office of the Roman bishop, was grounded on the special relationship between Christ and Peter, a relationship that cannot be repeated per se; therefore, Leo depended on Peter's mediation, his assistance and his example in order to be able to adequately fulfill his role and exercise his authority as the Bishop of Rome, both in the city and beyond."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Heir of Peter",
"text": "Leo assumed the papacy at a time of increasing barbarian invasions; this, coupled with the decreasing imperial authority in the West, forced the Bishop of Rome to take a more active part in civic and political affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal authority | Various regional matters",
"text": "In a letter of about 446 to a successor bishop of Thessalonica, Anastasius, Leo reproached him for the way he had treated one of the metropolitan bishops subject to him; after giving various instructions about the functions entrusted to Anastasius and stressing that certain powers were reserved to the pope himself, Leo wrote: \"The care of the universal Church should converge towards Peter's one seat, and nothing anywhere should be separated from its Head."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "In 1754 Pope Benedict XIV proclaimed Leo"
}
] |
Pope Leo the First was the Bishop of Rome.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Leo I
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin \"Happy\" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky."
}
] |
fjsAJu8HDrWwkmGgrZRu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from his political positions, he also served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin \"Happy\" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1945, Chandler resigned his Senate seat to succeed the late Kenesaw Mountain Landis as commissioner of baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "When the owners met in Cleveland, Ohio, on April 24, 1945, to vote for a new commissioner, Chandler's name was not on the shortlist, which had Frick, Farley, Hannegan, Vinson, Lausche, and Patterson."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "Chandler asked for the extension to be reconsidered at the owners' meeting on March 12, 1951, but the vote was again 9–7."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "He received only his Senate salary until his resignation on November 1, 1945, despite claims to the contrary by the press."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | Governorship",
"text": "Just as when he had been baseball commissioner, Chandler faced the issue of racial integration during his second term as governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor",
"text": "By the time that he had permanently returned to the state in mid-1951, it was too late to influence the gubernatorial contest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baseball owners were upset with Chandler's governance, however, and did not renew his contract in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Happy\" because of his jovial nature."
}
] |
Happy Chandler was a politician from Georgia and served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951.
| 0 | 0 |
Happy Chandler
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Eugene Doby (December 13, 1923 – June 18, 2003) was an American professional baseball player in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB) who was the second black player to break baseball's color barrier and the first black player in the American League."
}
] |
fk5pQwKS6Vwxy6xOpJ8Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Integration of American League (1947)",
"text": "He was the first black player to join the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Integration of American League (1947)",
"text": "Veeck had begun the process of finding a young, talented player from the Negro leagues, and told a reporter in Cleveland that he would integrate the Indians' roster if he could find a black player with the necessary talent level who could withstand the taunts and pressure of being the first black athlete in the AL."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Cleveland Indians | 1951–1955",
"text": "\" Doby responded, \"I was looked on as a Black man, not as a human being."
},
{
"section_header": "Second man",
"text": "It was also 50 years and 3 days since Doby became the first black player in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Cleveland Indians | 1951–1955",
"text": "His home run was the first hit by a black player in an All-Star Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Integration of American League (1947)",
"text": "Noted former player Rogers Hornsby said, after watching Doby play one time in 1947: Bill Veeck did the Negro race no favor when he signed Larry Doby to a Cleveland contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Second man",
"text": "Jackie was brought in by Branch Rickey specifically to be the first black player in major league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Cleveland Indians | 1948–1950",
"text": "In Game 4 on October 9, Doby hit the first home run by a black player in World Series history."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Cleveland Indians | 1948–1950",
"text": "Doby was named by Cleveland sports writers as the Cleveland Baseball Man of the Year after the season, the first time a black player was chosen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence Eugene Doby (December 13, 1923 – June 18, 2003) was an American professional baseball player in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB) who was the second black player to break baseball's color barrier and the first black player in the American League."
}
] |
LArry Doby was the first black player to be signed in the National League.
| 1 | 1 |
Larry Doby
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world."
}
] |
fk7C5q4cWon3F9Ela4i0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The towers feature a double decker skybridge connecting the two towers on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest 2-story bridge in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "On 15 April 1999, Felix Baumgartner set the world record for BASE jumping (since broken) by jumping off a window cleaning crane on the Petronas Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In Part 1 of the Phineas and Ferb episode \"Phineas and Ferb Save Summer!\", the towers are visible during the musical number \" Summer All Over the World\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "Thousands of people were evacuated on 12 September 2001 after a bomb threat the day after the September 11 attacks destroyed the World Trade Center towers in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004, until they were surpassed by Taipei 101."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "The raft is 4.6 metres (15 ft) thick, weighs 32,500 tonnes (35,800 tons) and held the world record for the largest concrete pour until 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The total evacuation triggered by a bomb hoax on 12 September 2001 (the day after the September 11 attacks destroyed the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City) showed that the bridge would not be useful if both towers need to be emptied simultaneously, as the capacity of the staircases was insufficient for such an event."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "A1-A6 (Tower 1) & A7-A12 (Tower 2)(Bank"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): C1-C6 C1-C6 (Tower 1) & C7-C12 ( Tower 2)(Bank C Passenger Lift): 41/42, 44-61 D1-D3 (Tower 1) & D4-D6 (Tower 2)(Bank D Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61, 69-83 E1-E3 (Tower 1) & E4-E6 (Tower 2)(Bank E Passenger Lift): 41/42, 61-73 TE1-TE2 (Tower 1) & TE3-TE4 (Tower 2)(Upper Level Passenger Lift): 83, 85, 86 SH1-SH5 (Tower 1) & SH6-SH10 (Tower 2)(Shuttle Lift) : G/1, 41/42"
}
] |
The Towers are no longer the highest in the world.
| 4 | 7 |
Petronas Towers
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He dropped out of high school at the age of 16 to raise money for his family."
}
] |
fkJXVHd6VAjFEXiU2KW1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His family later moved to Nokomis, Illinois, where Bottomley enrolled in grade school and Nokomis High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He dropped out of high school at the age of 16 to raise money for his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was playing semi-professional baseball, the Cardinals scouted and signed Bottomley."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "The Cardinals named Bottomley their starting first baseman in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After finishing his playing career with the Browns, Bottomley joined the Chicago Cubs organization as a scout and minor league baseball manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A first baseman, Bottomley played in Major League Baseball from 1922 through 1937 for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, and St. Louis Browns."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "After a bad start to the season, and with team president Jack Corbett not adding capable players, Bottomley resigned and was replaced with Dick Porter."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Despite the presence of Ripper Collins, a superior fielder who transferred to the Cardinals from the Rochester Red Wings of the International League, Street announced that Bottomley would remain the starting first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley also indicated that he did not want to continue playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley decided to return to baseball in 1937."
}
] |
Bottomley started playing baseball after he graduated high school.
| 0 | 0 |
Jim Bottomley
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is directed by Jon Watts, written by Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers, and stars Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, alongside Samuel L. Jackson, Zendaya, Cobie Smulders, Jon Favreau, J. B. Smoove, Jacob Batalon, Martin Starr, Marisa Tomei, and Jake Gyllenhaal."
}
] |
fkTAncWBOhHyetIb4GBZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "At the end of August 2017, as the film was entering pre-production, Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers were in final negotiations to return from Homecoming to write the sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is directed by Jon Watts, written by Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers, and stars Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, alongside Samuel L. Jackson, Zendaya, Cobie Smulders, Jon Favreau, J. B. Smoove, Jacob Batalon, Martin Starr, Marisa Tomei, and Jake Gyllenhaal."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on digital on September 17, 2019, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray and DVD on October 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Also in May, McKenna and Sommers were also confirmed as the film's screenwriters."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The short includes footage featuring Hemky Madera reprising his Homecoming role as Mr. Delmar, the owner of a local bodega, which was all cut from Far From Home."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Feige confirmed that Watts was returning to direct the sequel in December."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "By then, McKenna and Sommers had been working on the script for a third film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Post-production for Spider-Man: Far From Home was completed in June 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home was the last film released in Phase Three of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "At the end of June 2018, Holland revealed the film's title to be Spider-Man: Far From Home."
}
] |
Spider-Man: Far From Home was directed by Erik Sommers.
| 0 | 0 |
Spider-Man: Far From Home
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is estimated that during his career he has performed in more than 5000 concerts, for over 60 million people in five continents."
}
] |
fkdUsFKOLxaxtUV21eTF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2013 in Beijing, he was honoured as the most popular international artist in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "On 1 April 2013, in Beijing, he received two historic awards: First & Most Popular International Artist of All Time in China, an award given by Sony Music China and which was presented to Julio by the world-renowned Chinese artist Lang Lang, and the Guinness World Records for the Best-selling Male Latin Artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is estimated that during his career he has performed in more than 5000 concerts, for over 60 million people in five continents."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In 2015, Iglesias was slated to perform a complete concert for the first time with his son Julio Iglesias Jr. in a tour in Romania, on 22 May at Sala Polivalentă in Cluj-Napoca and 2 July at Sala Palatului in the capital city, Bucharest."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In October 2012, he performed a concert in Equatorial Guinea where tickets were reportedly $1,000 each."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1983, he was celebrated as having recorded songs in the most languages in the world, and in 2013 for being the artist in Latin music with the most records sold in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2013, Iglesias was inducted into the Hall of Fame of Latin Composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "A year later, Iglesias was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In the 1970s, Iglesias and his family were extensively depicted on the front pages of international newspapers and magazines."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "He also sang in French: one of his popular songs in this language became \"Je n'ai pas changé.\" In 1979, he moved to Miami, Florida, in the United States, signed a deal with CBS International and started singing in different languages such as English, French, Portuguese and German."
}
] |
Julio Iglesias performed 5000 concerts and he was the most popular international artist in China in 2013.
| 0 | 0 |
Julio Iglesias
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen, written by and starring Sylvester Stallone."
}
] |
flA6DYcBFgR1EPlurhmY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Although Chartoff and Winkler were enthusiastic about the script and the idea of Stallone playing the lead character, they were hesitant about having an unknown headline the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Stallone later said that he would never have forgiven himself, had the film become a success with somebody else in the lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen, written by and starring Sylvester Stallone."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "During filming, both Stallone and Weathers suffered injuries during the shooting of the final fight; Stallone suffered bruised ribs and Weathers suffered a damaged nose, the opposite injuries of what their characters had."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "After repeated negotiations with Rumar and Kubik, Winkler-Chartoff agreed to a contract for Mr. Stallone to be the writer and also star in the lead role for Rocky."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Stallone's agents, Rumar and Kubik, insisted that Mr. Stallone portray the title character, to the point of issuing an ultimatum."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | Main cast",
"text": "Sylvester Stallone as Robert \"Rocky\" Balboa Talia Shire as Adrianna \"Adrian\" Pennino Burt Young as Paulie Pennino Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Rumar and Kubik shopped the script to various producers and studios in Hollywood but were repeatedly rejected because Mr. Stallone insisted that he be cast in the lead role."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it 4 out of 4 stars and said that Stallone reminded him of \"the young Marlon Brando.\" Box Office Magazine claimed that audiences would be \"touting Sylvester 'Sly' Stallone as a new star\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Similarly, when Rocky's robe arrived far too baggy on the day of it was needed for filming, Stallone wrote in dialogue in which Rocky points this out."
}
] |
Rocky was created by Sylvester Stallone and he plays the lead character in the film.
| 2 | 5 |
Rocky
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s and became known as the \"Queen of Disco\", while her music gained a global following."
}
] |
flaxZrpnWuLkH6kHFr1s
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990–1999: Mistaken Identity, acting, and Live & More Encore",
"text": "In 1992, Summer embarked on a world tour and later that year received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000–2009: Later recordings and Crayons",
"text": "I just wanted it to be a sampler of flavors and influences from all over the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "In the 1970s, she reigned over the disco era and kept the disco jumping."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "Singers and music industry professionals around the world reacted to Summer's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980–1985",
"text": "Casablanca wanted her to continue to record disco only."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "I loved her records. She was the disco queen and will remain so."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "\" Janet Jackson wrote that Summer \"changed the world of music with her beautiful voice and incredible talent.\" Barbra Streisand wrote, \"I loved doing the duet with her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s and became known as the \"Queen of Disco\", while her music gained a global following."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2018, Summer: The Donna Summer Musical, a biographical musical featuring Summer's songs, began performances on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, following a 2017 world premiere at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "In 1979, Summer won three American Music Awards for Single, Album and Female Artist, in the Disco category at the awards held in January."
}
] |
Summer had a moniker denoting her as a "royal" figure in the world of disco.
| 0 | 0 |
Donna Summer
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jackson was nicknamed \"Mr. October\" for his clutch hitting in the postseason with the Athletics and the Yankees."
}
] |
flfeesS0EggIuLen6dWs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "Jackson hit a home run, and when he returned to right field the next inning, fans began throwing the Reggie bars on the field in celebration."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Kansas City / Oakland Athletics (1967–1975)",
"text": "Crouser also noted that, \"Nobody seems to be neutral on Reggie Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The book, whose title refers to the distance between the pitcher's mound and home plate, details their careers and approach to the game."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "Although the home run by light-hitting shortstop Bucky Dent in the seventh inning got the most notice, it was an eighth-inning home run by Jackson that gave the Yankees the fifth run they ended up needing."
},
{
"section_header": "Collegiate athletic career | Minor leagues",
"text": "In the next game, Jackson singled in the first inning and homered in the ninth."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "The \"Reggie!\" bars were handed to fans as they walked into Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "On July 23, after suspending Jackson for disobeying a sign during a July 17 game, Martin made a statement about his two main antagonists, referring to comments Jackson had made and team owner George Steinbrenner's 1972 violation of campaign-finance laws: \"They're made for each other."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | New York Yankees (1977–1981) | The Bronx Zoo",
"text": "Instead of completing a double play that would have ended the inning, the ball caromed into foul territory and allowed Thurman Munson to score the Yankees' second run of the inning."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Kansas City / Oakland Athletics (1967–1975)",
"text": "\" When teammate Darold Knowles was asked if Jackson was a hotdog (i.e., a show-off), he famously replied, \"There isn't enough mustard in the world to cover Reggie Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement honors",
"text": "When Reggie Jackson tells a young kid how he might improve his swing, he tends to listen,\" said Hal Steinbrenner,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jackson was nicknamed \"Mr. October\" for his clutch hitting in the postseason with the Athletics and the Yankees."
}
] |
Reggie Jackson was referred to as "Mr. October" in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Reggie Jackson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He resolved labor-management disputes for the National War Labor Board in World War II and later worked for the International Association of Machinists and the United Auto Workers."
}
] |
flnKBRyhFIZ1pbAFELvH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball Players Association",
"text": "In the spring of 1966, Miller visited MLB spring training camps in an effort to be democratically elected Executive Director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marvin Julian Miller (April 14, 1917 – November 27, 2012) was an American baseball executive who served as the Executive Director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) from 1966 to 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Marvin Miller was succeeded in 1985 by Donald Fehr, who had joined the Major League Baseball Players Association as general counsel in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "End of the reserve clause",
"text": "Under Marvin Miller's 16-year tenure as the Executive Director of the Major League Baseball Players Association, the owners engaged in two lockouts, one in 1973 spring training and the other in 1976 spring training, both the result of negotiations for collective bargaining agreements."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball Players Association",
"text": "For the first time, owner-player disputes not involving the \"integrity of baseball\" could be arbitrated not before the commissioner, an employee of the owners, but before a three-member arbitration panel with a neutral chairman selected jointly by the players and owners."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball Players Association",
"text": "At the United Steelworkers union, Miller worked his way up to be its leading economist and negotiator."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball Players Association",
"text": "It won the players a nearly 43 percent increase in the minimum salary from $7,000 to $10,000, as well as larger expense allowances."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball Players Association",
"text": "More importantly, the deal brought a formal structure to owner–player relations, including written procedures for the arbitration of player grievances before the commissioner."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In a statement, Michael Weiner, the executive director of the MLBPA, said: It is with profound sorrow that we announce the passing of Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Curt Flood",
"text": "After that, a disgusted Flood never played Major League Baseball again."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He resolved labor-management disputes for the National War Labor Board in World War II and later worked for the International Association of Machinists and the United Auto Workers."
}
] |
Marvin Miller, the director of the Major League Baseball Players Association, was anti-union.
| 0 | 0 |
Marvin Miller
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "Chicago-based Grubhub was founded in 2004 by Mike Evans, Roman Gaskill, and Matt Maloney, to create an alternative to paper menus."
}
] |
fmGBBSu1iaxAaQ2kFgIA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Grubhub Inc. is an American online and mobile prepared food ordering and delivery platform that connects diners with local restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Allegations of monopolistic behavior",
"text": "The case is filed in the federal U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York as Davitashvili v GrubHub Inc., 20-cv-3000."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "Chicago-based Grubhub was founded in 2004 by Mike Evans, Roman Gaskill, and Matt Maloney, to create an alternative to paper menus."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Announced acquisition",
"text": "The acquisition would create the largest online food delivery service outside of China, and provide Just Eat Takeaway with a base in the U.S. market."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Labor lawsuits | Lawson vs. Grubhub",
"text": "Grubhub court case. In a 2017 lawsuit, attorney Shannon Liss-Riordan said that the company uses words such as “blocks” instead of “shifts\" to re-label words and create a false narrative to justify its misclassification of drivers as contractors."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "Grubhub completed the acquisition of AllMenus that month."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "GrubHub completed its acquisition of OrderUp in October 2018.LevelUp, a Boston-based diner engagement and payment solutions platform was acquired by Grubhub in September 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "In October 2017, Grubhub announced that had it completed its acquisition of Eat24."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "In late 2018 Grubhub shut down the Eat24 brand."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "LAbite, a Los Angeles-based restaurant delivery service, was acquired by Grubhub in May 2016.In August 2017, Grubhub entered into an agreement to acquire Eat24 from Yelp for $287.5 million, subject to regulatory review."
}
] |
Grubhub Inc. was created by three men.
| 1 | 3 |
Grubhub
|
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