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Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New York Times hailed the book's appearance as \"the most beautifully executed, the clearest and the most important utterance yet made by the generation Kerouac himself named years ago as 'beat,' and whose principal avatar he is.\" In 1998, the Modern Library ranked On the Road 55th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
}
] |
dOxljzYBFNu2MgGiI5Pt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "For example, in one of two separate passages where they go to clubs to hear British jazz pianist George Shearing, the effect of the music is described as almost overwhelming for Dean (Pt. 2, Ch. 4): \"Shearing began to play his chords; they rolled out of the piano in great rich showers"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New York Times hailed the book's appearance as \"the most beautifully executed, the clearest and the most important utterance yet made by the generation Kerouac himself named years ago as 'beat,' and whose principal avatar he is.\" In 1998, the Modern Library ranked On the Road 55th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "Yes!' And Shearing was conscious of the madman behind him, he could hear every one of Dean's gasps and imprecations, he could sense it though he couldn't see. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In his book Light In his book Light My Fire : My Life with The Doors, Ray Manzarek (keyboard player of The Doors) wrote \"I suppose if Jack Kerouac had never written On the Road, The Doors would never have existed.\" On the Road influenced an entire generation of musicians, poets, and writers including Allen Ginsberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part One",
"text": "Not holding this job for long, Sal hits the road again."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part One",
"text": "Disheartened after a divorce, his life changes when he meets Dean Moriarty, who is \"tremendously excited with life,\" and begins to long for the freedom of the road: \"Somewhere along the line I knew there would be girls, visions, everything; somewhere along the line the pearl would be handed to me.\" He sets off in July 1947 with fifty dollars in his pocket."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and publication",
"text": "The date of the writings makes Kerouac one of the earliest known authors to use colloquial Quebec French in literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "A film adaptation of On the Road had been proposed in 1957 when Jack Kerouac wrote a one-page letter to actor Marlon Brando, suggesting that he play Dean Moriarty while Kerouac would portray Sal Paradise."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and publication",
"text": "The collection included 10 manuscript pages of an unfinished version of"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States."
}
] |
On the Road was included on the list of the top British books of the century
| 1 | 3 |
On the Road
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His 18-year term as general secretary was second only to Joseph Stalin's in duration."
}
] |
dP1JpyHa7fE34TDH30nq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Leader of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) | Foreign and defense policies | Sino–Soviet relations",
"text": "Leonid Brezhnev, a pragmatic politician who promoted the idea of \"stabilization\", could not comprehend why Mao would start such a \"self-destructive\" drive to finish the socialist revolution, according to himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His 18-year term as general secretary was second only to Joseph Stalin's in duration."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (; Russian: Леонид Ильич Брежнев, IPA: [lʲɪɐˈnʲid ɪˈlʲjidʑ ˈbrʲeʐnʲɪf] (listen); Ukrainian: Леонід Ілліч Брежнєв, 19 December 1906 – 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union as General Secretary of the governing Communist Party (1964–1982) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1977–1982)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In an opinion poll by VTsIOM in 2007 the majority of Russians chose to live during the Brezhnev era rather than any other period of 20th century Soviet history."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) | Foreign and defense policies | Sino–Soviet relations",
"text": "However, Brezhnev had problems of his own in the form of Czechoslovakia whose sharp deviation from the Soviet model prompted him and the rest of the Warsaw Pact to invade their Eastern Bloc ally."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) | Cult of personality",
"text": "\"In keeping with traditional socialist greetings, Brezhnev kissed many politicians on the lips during his career, the most memorable instance being the Erich Honecker kiss."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) | Domestic policies | Economics | Economic growth until 1973",
"text": "The USSR also kept a steady pace with the economies of Western Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) | Consolidation of power",
"text": "Due largely to coinciding with the Prague Spring (whose sharp departure from the Soviet model led to its armed suppression in 1968), the reforms provoked a backlash among the party's old guard who proceeded to flock to Brezhnev and strengthen his position within the Soviet leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Advancement under Khrushchev",
"text": "On 7 May 1955 Brezhnev was made General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) | Foreign and defense policies | Sino–Soviet relations",
"text": "In the aftermath of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, the Soviet leadership proclaimed the Brezhnev doctrine, which said the USSR had the right to intervene in any fraternal communist state that did not follow the Soviet model."
}
] |
Leonid Brezhnev was a Soviet politician whose term was the longest in USSR history as secretary.
| 0 | 0 |
Leonid Brezhnev
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JFK is a 1991 American political thriller film directed by Oliver Stone."
}
] |
dPHdV1I7QCDHqnhcbgkn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Kennedy's suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby, and Garrison closes the investigation."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Williams remembers, \"I thought his handling of Lee Harvey Oswald was particularly strong, and I understood some of the atmosphere of the film – the sordid elements, the underside of New Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JFK is a 1991 American political thriller film directed by Oliver Stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Garrison filed charges against New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw (Tommy Lee Jones) for his alleged participation in a conspiracy to assassinate the President, for which Lee Harvey Oswald (Gary Oldman) was found responsible by the Warren Commission."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Editing",
"text": "Stone chose him because his \"chaotic mind\" was \"totally alien to the film form.\" \"But he had not developed the long form yet."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Oldman met with Oswald's wife, Marina, and her two daughters to prepare for the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite the controversy surrounding its historical depiction, JFK received critical praise for the performances of its cast, Stone's directing, score, editing, and cinematography."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Tommy Lee Jones was originally considered for another role that was ultimately cut from the film and Stone then decided to cast him as Shaw."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "Richardson said of Stone's style of direction, \"Oliver disdains convention, he tries to force you into things that are not classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "The Sydney Morning Herald named JFK as the best film of 1991."
}
] |
JFK the film was directed, with Lee Harvey Oswald's legacy in mind, by Spike Jonze.
| 0 | 0 |
JFK (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the family's only known survivor, just after the war was over."
}
] |
dPVqB4Ijo656A60LQlai
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "They were kept safe, and given to Otto Frank after the war, with the original notes, when Anne's death was confirmed in the spring of 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Editorial history | Censored material",
"text": "The missing diary entries contain critical remarks by Anne Frank about her parents' strained marriage and discuss Frank's lack of affection for her mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Copyright and ownership of the originals | Anne Frank Fonds",
"text": "In his will, Otto Frank bequeathed the original manuscripts to the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation."
},
{
"section_header": "Authenticity",
"text": "In 1986, the results were published: The handwriting attributed to Anne Frank was positively matched with contemporary samples of Anne Frank's handwriting, and the paper, ink, and glue found in the diaries and loose papers were consistent with materials available in Amsterdam during the period in which the diary was written."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Of the eight people, only Otto Frank survived the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the family's only known survivor, just after the war was over."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In her diary, Anne wrote of her very close relationship with her father, lack of daughterly love for her mother (with whom she felt she had nothing in common), and admiration for her sister's intelligence and sweet nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Copyright and ownership of the originals | Anne Frank Fonds",
"text": "The copyright however belongs to the Anne Frank Fonds, a Switzerland-based foundation of Basel which was the sole inheritor of Frank after his death in 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Editorial history",
"text": "There are two versions of the diary written by Anne Frank."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Vandalism",
"text": "It was reported around the world that in February 2014, 265 copies of the Frank diary and other material related to the Holocaust were found to be vandalized in 31 public libraries in Tokyo, Japan."
}
] |
The Diary of Anne Frank was found and given to her Mother after the war.
| 0 | 0 |
The Diary of Anne Frank
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and Hall of Fame",
"text": "Gehringer enlisted in the U.S. Navy after the 1942 season."
}
] |
dPdnTYy71xID7PHZuteF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years: 1903–1926",
"text": "Cobb even made Gehringer use his own bat."
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer, his mother and family",
"text": "Charlie Gehringer was a cousin of retired Hall of Fame pitcher John Smoltz."
},
{
"section_header": "A quiet man",
"text": "If they said, 'Pass the salt,' I would pass the salt.\" His unassuming nature is also reflected in his reaction to a \"Charlie Gehringer Day\" held by the Tigers in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "A quiet man",
"text": "Gehringer\" , he responded: \"Why use seven letters when four will do?\" On another occasion, when asked about his closed-lip reputation, he responded: \"Not true; if somebody asked me a question, I would answer them."
},
{
"section_header": "A quiet man",
"text": "Player-manager Mickey Cochrane joked that \"Charlie says `hello' on Opening Day, `goodbye' on closing day, and in between hits .350.\"Gehringer"
},
{
"section_header": "Early years: 1903–1926",
"text": "Both of his parents had been married previously, and Charlie had eight half-siblings from Leonard's first marriage, and a half-sister from his mother's first marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years: 1903–1926",
"text": "According to Gehringer, Cobb's bat was \"a thin little thing\", and though Gehringer would have preferred a bigger bat, \"I didn't dare use another one.\" Gehringer hit .277 in his first full season, and collected 17 triples (2nd best in the American League)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years: 1903–1926",
"text": "\"I knew Charlie would hit and I was so anxious to sign him that I didn't even take the time to change out of my uniform before rushing him into the front office to sign a contract.\" Ty CobbIn 1924, Gehringer played with London Tecumsehs in the Class B Michigan Ontario League."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogell and Gehringer",
"text": "Gehringer, of course, had nothing to say. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Gehringer, his mother and family",
"text": "Gehringer recalled that she was a diabetic and \"needed someone to look after her.\"Gehringer"
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and Hall of Fame",
"text": "Gehringer enlisted in the U.S. Navy after the 1942 season."
}
] |
Charlie Gehringer joined the US Army.
| 0 | 3 |
Charlie Gehringer
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert \"Bob\" Nesta Marley, (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter and musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Association football",
"text": "Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s made the Jamaican international footballer Allan \"Skill\" Cole his tour manager."
}
] |
dQGI9Ah9gmbRvXtRIEt1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Bob Marley's full name is Robert Nesta Marley, though some sources give his birth name as Nesta Robert Marley, with a story that when Marley was still a boy a Jamaican passport official reversed his first and middle names because Nesta sounded like a girl's name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert \"Bob\" Nesta Marley, (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter and musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Association football",
"text": "Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s made the Jamaican international footballer Allan \"Skill\" Cole his tour manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical career | 1976–79: Relocation to England",
"text": "Under the name Bob Marley and the Wailers 11 albums were released, four live albums and seven studio albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honours",
"text": "2004 : Among the first inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame \"One Love\" named song of the millennium by BBC. Voted as one of the greatest lyricists of all time by a BBC poll."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Awards and honours",
"text": "February 1981: Awarded the Jamaican Order of Merit, then the nation's third highest honour. March 1994: Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Other tributes",
"text": "In 2011, ex-girlfriend and filmmaker Esther Anderson, along with Gian Godoy, made the documentary Bob Marley: The Making of a Legend, which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "She and Thadeus Livingston (Bunny Wailer's father) had a daughter together whom they named Claudette Pearl, who was a younger sister to both Bob and Bunny."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1994, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Other tributes",
"text": "In 2006, the New York City Department of Education co-named a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn as \"Bob Marley Boulevard\"."
}
] |
"Bob" Nesta Marley garnered fame as a Jamaican international bob sledder who reversed his name.
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Marley
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bender was born in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, as a member of the Ojibwe tribe."
}
] |
dQYCD8axQMCg6CGPOakn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He grew a number of fruits and vegetables, especially corn, and either ate, sold or gave away what he grew."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bender was born in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, as a member of the Ojibwe tribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "But the Philadelphia Athletics would be swept by the underdog Boston Braves, with Bender losing Game 1 7–1 and giving up 6 earned runs in 5⅓ innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Bender was nicknamed \"Chief\", a common nickname for baseball players of Native American descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Albert \"Chief\" Bender (May 5, 1884 – May 22, 1954) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball during the 1910s and 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Bender pitched all 9⅔ innings for the Athletics, striking out 6."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Bender went 1–1, 1.06 ERA in the series, pitching a 4-hit, 3–0 complete game shutout in Game 2, striking out 9, and again went the distance in Game 5, giving up just two earned runs in eight innings and losing 2–0 to Christy Mathewson."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Bender pitched a complete-game three-hitter in the opener, striking out 8 and giving up only one unearned run."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Bender again went the distance (his 3rd complete game of the series), a 4-hit performance which he gave up no earned runs (the two Giants runs were unearned)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "After an inning in which he had pitched particularly well, he might yell back, \"Foreigners! Foreigners!\"Off"
}
] |
Chief Bender grew up in a tribe.
| 2 | 5 |
Chief Bender
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
}
] |
dQppfHF4UgbEfmVow8jZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In 1967, McClintock was awarded the Kimber Genetics Award; three years later, she was given the National Medal of Science by Richard Nixon in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "McClintock received the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "\" Although it has been reported that women could not major in genetics at Cornell, and therefore her MS and PhD—earned in 1925 and 1927, respectively—were officially awarded in botany, recent research has revealed that women were permitted to earn graduate degrees in Cornell's Plant Breeding Department during the time that McClintock was a student at Cornell."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was the first woman to be awarded the National Medal of Science."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was awarded 14 Honorary Doctor of Science degrees and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was compared to Gregor Mendel in terms of her scientific career by the Swedish Academy of Sciences when she was awarded the Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was recognized as among the best in the field, awarded prestigious fellowships, and elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "American Journal of Botany. American Journal of Botany. 32 (10): 671–678."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock had three siblings and earned the most distinguished award in Science with a PhD in botany.
| 0 | 2 |
Barbara McClintock
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history."
}
] |
dRO4hMSr4JTHZ6zlzUKy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fire",
"text": "The Triangle Waist Company factory occupied the 8th, 9th, and 10th floors of the 10-story Asch Building on the northwest corner of Greene Street and Washington Place, just east of Washington Square Park, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The factory was located on the 8th, 9th, and 10th floors of the Asch Building, at 23–29 Washington Place, near Washington Square Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Fire",
"text": "A bookkeeper on the 8th floor was able to warn employees on the 10th floor via telephone, but there was no audible alarm and no way to contact staff on the 9th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Triangle, a stage musical with music by Curtis Moore, lyrics by Thomas Mizer, and book by Thomas Mizer, Curtis Moore and Joshua Scher, deals with the Shirtwaist Factory fire on the 100th anniversary of the tragedy through the eyes of a scientist whose laboratory is located in the Asch Building."
},
{
"section_header": "Fire",
"text": "At approximately 4:40 p.m. on Saturday, March 25, 1911, as the workday was ending, a fire flared up in a scrap bin under one of the cutter's tables at the northeast corner of the 8th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In March 2012, the modern dance concert One Hundred Forty-Six by Denise J. Murphy explored the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire through movement, text, video, photography and original music."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Author Eric Powell specifically cites the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire as an inspiration for the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition | Permanent memorial",
"text": "The Coalition has launched an effort to create a permanent public art memorial for the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire at the site of the 1911 fire in lower Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Sholem Asch's 1946 novel East River (ISBN 978-1432619992) tells the story of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire through the eyes of Irish girl who was working at the factory at a time of the fire."
}
] |
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village was a small factory fire that had no deaths on the 8th, 9th and 10th floors of the Asch Building.
| 0 | 0 |
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "In 2010, a study named Maine as the least religious state in the United States."
}
] |
dRZUZXBQZT1DnRUaS2zN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Food",
"text": "In 2018, HealthIQ.com named Maine the 3rd most vegan state."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Aroostook County is known for its potato crops."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "In 2010, a study named Maine as the least religious state in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It also failed. Central Maine was formerly inhabited by the Androscoggin tribe of the Abenaki nation, also known as Arosaguntacook."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "A citizen of Maine is known as a \"Mainer\", though the term is often reserved for those whose roots in Maine go back at least three generations."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The part of western Maine north of the Kennebec River was more sparsely settled and was known in the 17th century as the Territory of Sagadahock."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and government",
"text": "Maine is one of seven states that do not have a lieutenant governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Maine is the only state to border exactly one other American state (New Hampshire)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maine is the only state to border only one other state, is the easternmost among the contiguous United States, and is the northernmost state east of the Great Lakes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maine is known for its jagged, rocky coastline; low, rolling mountains; heavily forested interior; and picturesque waterways; and its seafood cuisine, especially lobster and clams."
}
] |
Maine is known for being one of the most Vegan States, but it is also known as the smallest religious state in America.
| 2 | 4 |
Maine
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Usually, esters are derived from substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group."
}
] |
dReY4JSW2djbvLGHSfkG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "Esters can also be derived from inorganic acids."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "Phosphoric acid forms phosphate esters"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "carbonic acid forms carbonate esters, e.g. ethylene carbonateInorganic acids that exist as tautomers form diverse esters"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": ", e.g. triphenylphosphate sulfuric acid forms sulfate esters, e.g., dimethylsulfate nitric acid forms nitrate esters,"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "phosphorous acid forms two kinds of phosphite esters,"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "HP(O)(OEt)2).Inorganic acids that are unstable or elusive form stable esters."
},
{
"section_header": "List of ester odorants",
"text": "Many esters have distinctive fruit-like odors, and many occur naturally in the essential oils of plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "chromic acid, which has never been detected, forms di-tert-butyl chromate sulfurous acid, which is rare, forms dimethylsulfiteIn principle, all metal and metalloid alkoxides, of which many hundreds are known, could be classified as esters of the hypothetical acids."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Other reactions",
"text": "Esters with β-hydrogen atoms can be converted to alkenes in ester pyrolysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Reduction",
"text": "DIBAH reduces esters to aldehydes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Usually, esters are derived from substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group."
}
] |
Ester comes from sugars.
| 0 | 0 |
Ester
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Redemption, dictatorship, and exile",
"text": "His life was spared, but he was exiled to Cuba, still a Spanish colony."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | President for the last time, 1853–55",
"text": "Following defeat in the Mexican–American War in 1848, Santa Anna went into exile in Kingston, Jamaica."
}
] |
dSaziAe16voNdsgKeifO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón was born in Xalapa, Veracruz, Nueva España (New Spain), on 21 February 1794."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Santa Anna married twice, both times to wealthy young women."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was named for his father, Licenciado Antonio López de Santa Anna (b. 1761), a university graduate and a lawyer; his mother was Manuela Pérez de Lebrón (d. 1814)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo ˈlopes ðe sant(a)ˈanna]; 21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), usually known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, was a Mexican politician and general."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple rarely lived together; de Tosta resided primarily in Mexico City and Santa Anna's political and military activities took him around the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Santa Anna and the early Mexican Republic",
"text": "In these circumstances, president-elect Gómez Pedraza resigned and soon after left the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rebellion against the Mexican Empire of Iturbide, 1822–1823",
"text": "However, Iturbide subsequently removed Santa Anna from the post, prompting Santa Anna to rise in rebellion in December 1822 against Iturbide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | President for the last time, 1853–55",
"text": "A group of Liberals including Juan Alvarez, Benito Juárez, and Ignacio Comonfort overthrew Santa Anna under the Plan of Ayutla, which called for his removal from office."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His name plays a major role in all the political events of the country and its destiny has become intertwined with his."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Redemption, dictatorship, and exile",
"text": "Also, a rebel army led by Generals José Urrea and José Antonio Mexía was marching towards the capital in opposition to Santa Anna."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Redemption, dictatorship, and exile",
"text": "His life was spared, but he was exiled to Cuba, still a Spanish colony."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | President for the last time, 1853–55",
"text": "Following defeat in the Mexican–American War in 1848, Santa Anna went into exile in Kingston, Jamaica."
}
] |
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was forcibly removed from his own country twice.
| 0 | 0 |
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "A figure of Hercules, also in terracotta, was commissioned from the Florentine sculptor Agostino di Duccio in 1463 and was made perhaps under Donatello's direction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the Operai contracted Agostino to create a sculpture of David."
}
] |
dSdpfUhCt0T7xbPNSij6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "He would work on the massive statue for more than two years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "Photographs of the installation reveal the statue the way the Operai who commissioned the work originally expected it to be seen."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "The bronze statues by Donatello and Verrocchio represented the hero standing victorious over the head of Goliath, and the painter Andrea del Castagno had shown the boy in mid-swing, even as Goliath's head rested between his feet, but no earlier Florentine artist had omitted the giant altogether."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "The history of the statue begins before Michelangelo's work on it from 1501 to 1504."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "In 1410, Donatello made the first of the statues, a figure of Joshua in terracotta."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "He began carving the statue early in the morning on 13 September, a month after he was awarded the contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "Certainly David the giant-killer had long been seen as a political figure in Florence, and images of the Biblical hero already carried political implications there."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "Parnigoni undertook the job of restoring the statue."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "In 1991, the foot of the statue was damaged by a man with a hammer."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "The colossal size of the statue alone impressed Michelangelo's contemporaries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "A figure of Hercules, also in terracotta, was commissioned from the Florentine sculptor Agostino di Duccio in 1463 and was made perhaps under Donatello's direction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Commission",
"text": "Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the Operai contracted Agostino to create a sculpture of David."
}
] |
A statue of the strongest Roman hero was also commissioned by the commissioner of this statue.
| 0 | 0 |
David (Michelangelo)
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Party official | Involvement in purges",
"text": "Khrushchev greatly admired the dictator and treasured informal meetings with him and invitations to Stalin's dacha, while Stalin felt warm affection for his young subordinate."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Involvement in purges",
"text": "In 1936, as the trials proceeded, Khrushchev expressed his vehement support: Everyone who rejoices in the successes achieved in our country, the victories of our party led by the great Stalin, will find only one word suitable for the mercenary, fascist dogs of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite gang."
}
] |
dSeNE3wq8jU503CyQ5Lp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Return to Ukraine",
"text": "Ukraine's industry had been destroyed, and agriculture faced critical shortages."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "One theory has Leonid surviving the crash and collaborating with the Germans, and when he was recaptured by the Soviets, Stalin ordering him shot despite Nikita Khrushchev pleading for his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Involvement in purges",
"text": "Beginning in 1934, Stalin began a campaign of political repression known as the Great Purge, during which millions of people were executed or sent to the Gulag."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Nikita worked as a herdsboy from an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | Cuban Missile Crisis and the test ban treaty (1962–1964)",
"text": "I warned Nikita that secrecy would give the imperialists the advantage."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "Leonid's daughter, Yulia, was raised by Nikita Khrushchev and his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During what was known in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of World War II), Khrushchev was again a commissar, serving as an intermediary between Stalin and his generals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "She urged Nikita to seek further education, but family finances did not permit this."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Kaganovich protégé",
"text": "When the inevitable accidents did occur, they were depicted as heroic sacrifices in a great cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Involvement in purges",
"text": "In 1936, as the trials proceeded, Khrushchev expressed his vehement support: Everyone who rejoices in the successes achieved in our country, the victories of our party led by the great Stalin, will find only one word suitable for the mercenary, fascist dogs of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Involvement in purges",
"text": "Khrushchev greatly admired the dictator and treasured informal meetings with him and invitations to Stalin's dacha, while Stalin felt warm affection for his young subordinate."
}
] |
Nikita was a great critic of Stalin.
| 1 | 3 |
Nikita Khrushchev
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yankees retired Ford's uniform number 16 in his honor on Saturday August 3, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Following his return from the army in 1953, he wore number 16 for the remainder of his career & it would later be retired by the Yankees on Saturday August 3, 1974."
}
] |
dSrWV9xkEMaPwgm2EKBh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Ford wore number 19 in his rookie season."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "On September 21, 2008 Ford and Yogi Berra were guests of the broadcast team for the final game played at Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "1974, Ford and Mickey Mantle were both elected to baseball's Hall of Fame; at that time, the Yankees retired his number 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Following his return from the army in 1953, he wore number 16 for the remainder of his career & it would later be retired by the Yankees on Saturday August 3, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yankees retired Ford's uniform number 16 in his honor on Saturday August 3, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "Ford was signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1947, and played his entire career with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "A replica of the Yankee Stadium facade trimmed both the exterior and the bar, whose stools displayed uniform numbers of Yankee luminaries; widescreen TVs were installed throughout."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "In 1977, Ford was part of the broadcast team for the first game in Toronto Blue Jays history."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "He rejoined the Yankees for the 1953 season, and the Yankee \"Big Three\" pitching staff became a \"Big Four\", as Ford joined Allie Reynolds, Vic Raschi, and Eddie Lopat."
}
] |
Whitey Ford got his Yankees jersey number, sixteen, retired because he played that many seasons with the team.
| 2 | 3 |
Whitey Ford
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rastafari messiah | Selassie's position",
"text": "In the interview Bill McNeil says: \"there are millions of Christians throughout the world, your Imperial Majesty, who regard you as the reincarnation of Jesus Christ.\" Selassie replied in his native language: I have heard of that idea."
},
{
"section_header": "Rastafari messiah",
"text": "Today, Haile Selassie is worshipped as God incarnate among some followers of the Rastafari movement (taken from Haile Selassie's pre-imperial name Ras—"
}
] |
dSuRDDGzgMPaTfH4yy0p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rastafari messiah | Selassie's position",
"text": "In 1948, Haile Selassie donated a piece of land at Shashamane, 250 kilometres (160 mi) south of Addis Ababa, for the use of people of African descent from the West Indies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the League of Nations in 1936, he condemned Italy's use of chemical weapons against its people during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1970s | Imprisonment",
"text": "Reportedly, his mental condition was such that he believed he was still Emperor of Ethiopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940s and 1950s",
"text": "Therefore, when we say let us rejoice with our hearts, let not our rejoicing be in any other way but in the spirit of Christ."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940s and 1950s | 1958 famine of Tigray",
"text": "Despite this, Emperor Haile Selassie refused to send significant emergency food aid, resulting in the deaths of approximately 100,000 people."
},
{
"section_header": "Rastafari messiah | Selassie's position",
"text": "In the interview Bill McNeil says: \"there are millions of Christians throughout the world, your Imperial Majesty, who regard you as the reincarnation of Jesus Christ.\" Selassie replied in his native language: I have heard of that idea."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Conflict with Italy | Exile",
"text": "In 1937, Haile Selassie was to give a Christmas Day radio address to the American people to thank his supporters when his taxi was involved in a traffic accident, leaving him with a fractured knee."
},
{
"section_header": "Rastafari messiah",
"text": "She claimed in interviews (and in her book No Woman, No Cry) that she saw a stigmata print on the palm of Haile Selassie's hand as he waved to the crowd which resembled the markings on Christ's hands from being nailed to the cross—a claim that was not supported by other sources, but was used as evidence for her and other Rastafari to suggest that Haile Selassie I was indeed their messiah."
},
{
"section_header": "Rastafari messiah | Selassie's position",
"text": "I told them clearly that I am a man, that I am mortal, and that I will be replaced by the oncoming generation, and that they should never make a mistake in assuming or pretending that a human being is emanated from a deity."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940s and 1950s",
"text": "On 5 May 1941, Haile Selassie entered Addis Ababa and personally addressed the Ethiopian people, five years to the day since his 1936 exile: Today is the day on which we defeated our enemy."
},
{
"section_header": "Rastafari messiah",
"text": "Today, Haile Selassie is worshipped as God incarnate among some followers of the Rastafari movement (taken from Haile Selassie's pre-imperial name Ras—"
}
] |
Some people used to believe Haile Selassie was a deity, or Christ.
| 1 | 1 |
Haile Selassie
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Epcot (stylized as EPCOT) is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida."
}
] |
dT5a0v4idq0L66ertmNR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1980s: Opening and operation | Dedication",
"text": "Epcot is inspired by Walt Disney's creative vision."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "It was constructed for an estimated $800 million to $1.4 billion and took three years to build, at the time the largest construction project on Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After Disney's death in 1966, the \"EPCOT\" concept was abandoned as the company had uncertainty about the feasibility of maintaining an operating city."
},
{
"section_header": "Areas",
"text": "The International Gateway is directly accessible to guests arriving from the Disney Skyliner and the nearby Epcot Area Resorts and Disney's Hollywood Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "The model community of Celebration, Florida has been mentioned as a realization of Disney's original vision, but Celebration is based on concepts of new urbanism which is radically different from Disney's modernist and futurist visions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "Before it opened on October 1, 1982, Walt Disney World Ambassador Genie Field introduced E. Cardon Walker, Disney's chairman and CEO, who dedicated EPCOT Center."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1960s: experimental concept",
"text": "The park's name, Epcot, was previously an acronym for Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, a utopian city of the future planned by Walt Disney, often interchanging \"city\" and \"community.\" In Walt Disney's words: \"EPCOT will take its cue from the new ideas and new technologies that are now emerging from the creative centers of American industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Areas | World Showcase | The World Showcase Adventure",
"text": "It was succeeded by Agent P's World Showcase Adventure, based on Disney's Phineas and Ferb, on June 23, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s: Concept evolves into park",
"text": "After Walt Disney's death, Walt Disney Productions decided that it did not want to be in the business of running a city without Walt's guidance."
},
{
"section_header": "The Official Album of Walt Disney World EPCOT Center",
"text": "The Official Album of Walt Disney World EPCOT Center was the official album for EPCOT Center in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Epcot (stylized as EPCOT) is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida."
}
] |
Epcot is Disney's largest competitor.
| 0 | 0 |
Epcot
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Makeup",
"text": "Deep background zombies often wear masks and are only meant to be used as a backdrop."
}
] |
dU2bJsP7knbNC7xOqr4H
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Makeup",
"text": "Midground zombies get highlights and shadows on the face, but do not get close enough to the camera to require full makeup."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Makeup",
"text": "There are three levels of zombie makeup: Hero, Midground, and Deep Background."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Makeup",
"text": "Deep background zombies often wear masks and are only meant to be used as a backdrop."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 5 (2014–15)",
"text": "They are initially welcomed, but Rick's group realize the residents have not faced the zombie threat directly."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Makeup",
"text": "Each walker is put through \"zombie school\" and is taught how to move like zombies."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Makeup",
"text": "Greg Nicotero is an executive producer and the key special effects makeup artist on the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Makeup",
"text": "Hero zombies are featured walkers and are completely made over from head to toe."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 4 (2013–14)",
"text": "The survivors divide, face their own trials and meet new faces before finding signs pointing to a safe haven called Terminus."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 4 (2013–14)",
"text": "One by one, they reunite at Terminus, but all the group are captured for some unknown purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The international home video release were distributed by Entertainment One."
}
] |
Deep background zombies get highlights and shadows on the face for their makeup.
| 4 | 5 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular culture",
"text": "Poet and literary critic Thomas Holley Chivers, who often accused other writers of stealing poems, said that the only thing Bryant \"ever wrote that may be called Poetry is 'Thanatopsis,' which he stole line for line from the Spanish.\" In The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris, Clarice Starling reveals to Hannibal Lecter one detail of her father's last days in a hospital: an elderly neighbour reading to him the last lines of \"Thanatopsis.\" In Sinclair Lewis' novel Main Street, the women's study club of Gopher Prairie is the Thanatopsis club."
}
] |
dUWaZeUtFhQOqVlFm8pX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Cullen Bryant's early education came from his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Thanatopsis\" is a poem by the American poet William Cullen Bryant."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Below is the revised version of 1821 which was retained in all later publications of the poem: Due to the unusual quality of the verse and Bryant's age, Richard Henry Dana, Sr., then associate editor at the North American Review, initially doubted its authenticity, saying to another editor, \"No one, on this side of the Atlantic, is capable of writing such verses.\" \"Thanatopsis\" remains a milestone in American literary history."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Cullen Bryant was born in 1794 in Cummington, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular culture",
"text": "Poet and literary critic Thomas Holley Chivers, who often accused other writers of stealing poems, said that the only thing Bryant \"ever wrote that may be called Poetry is 'Thanatopsis,' which he stole line for line from the Spanish.\" In The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris, Clarice Starling reveals to Hannibal Lecter one detail of her father's last days in a hospital: an elderly neighbour reading to him the last lines of \"Thanatopsis.\" In Sinclair Lewis' novel Main Street, the women's study club of Gopher Prairie is the Thanatopsis club."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "According to Parke Godwin, Bryant's friend, Bryant wrote the poem when he was seventeen years old in mid-1811, just after he had left Williams College."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Bryant's inspiration for \"Thanatopsis\" came after reading William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads, as well as Robert Blair's \"The Grave\", Beilby Porteus's \"Death\" and Kirke White's \"Time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Poems was considered by many to be the first major book of American poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular culture",
"text": "Cindy Williams reads from Thanatopsis in Andy Kaufman's ABC TV Special aired in 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Bryant's first published poem was \"The Embargo; or, Sketches of the Times\", a satirical work concerning Thomas Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807."
}
] |
One of William Cullen Bryant's critics accused him of plagiarizing the poem Thanatopsis.
| 0 | 0 |
Thanatopsis
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Selig has been married twice."
}
] |
dUon0QXc7olB8srwnT8q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" Chaimson later stated that ended the marriage because her husband \"divorced me and married baseball.\" Since 1977, Selig has been married to the former Suzanne Steinman, who has a daughter from a previous marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He married his first wife, Donna Chaimson, in the 1950s, and they had two daughters: Sari (born 1957) and Wendy (born 1960)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Selig has been married twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Performance-enhancing drugs",
"text": "Chicago Sun-Times columnist Jay Mariotti called Selig the \"Steroids Commissioner."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Performance-enhancing drugs",
"text": "Much controversy surrounded Selig and his involvement in Bonds' all-time home run record chase."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner (1998–2015) | Performance-enhancing drugs",
"text": "\" Selig has been called to Congress several times to testify on performance-enhancing drug use."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "Upon his assumption of the commissioner's role, Selig transferred his ownership interest in the Brewers to his daughter Wendy Selig-Prieb in order to remove any technical conflicts of interest, though it was widely presumed he maintained some hand in team operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting Commissioner (1992–1998)",
"text": "Selig had by this time become chairman of the Executive Council of Major League Baseball, and as such became de facto acting commissioner."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting Commissioner (1992–1998)",
"text": "As acting commissioner, Selig represented MLB during the 1994 players strike and cancelled the World Series, marking the first time the annual event had not been staged since 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Milwaukee Brewers owner",
"text": "He entered into an agreement to buy the club, but the American League vetoed the sale, preferring to keep an American League team in Chicago, which at the time was still America's second largest city."
}
] |
Selig has been married 3 times and has 3 daughters.
| 2 | 5 |
Bud Selig
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "Suleiman led several naval campaigns against the Portuguese in an attempt to remove them and reestablish trade with the Mughal Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf."
}
] |
dUsZcX994OeQbAN9oQpI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "With its strong control of the Red Sea, Suleiman successfully managed to dispute control of the trade routes to the Portuguese and maintained a significant level of trade with the Mughal Empire throughout the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Conquests in Europe",
"text": "Ferdinand renounced his claim to the Kingdom of Hungary and was forced to pay a fixed yearly sum to the Sultan for the Hungarian lands he continued to control."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "an \"untrue myth\". Suleiman's conquests had brought under the control of the Empire major Muslim cities (such as Baghdad), many Balkan provinces (reaching present day Croatia and Hungary), and most of North Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Ottoman–Safavid War",
"text": "The Ottoman Empire obtained most of Iraq, including Baghdad, which gave them access to the Persian Gulf, while the Persians retained their former capital Tabriz and all their other northwestern territories in the Caucasus and as they were prior to the wars, such as Dagestan and all of what is now Azerbaijan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal and political reforms",
"text": "Yet an area of distinct law known as the Kanuns (قانون, canonical legislation) was dependent on Suleiman's will alone, covering areas such as criminal law, land tenure and taxation."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "Ottoman ships had been sailing in the Indian Ocean since the year 1518."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "The two surviving brothers, Selim and Bayezid, were given command in different parts of the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Grand Vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha",
"text": "Suleiman also conferred upon Ibrahim Pasha the honor of beylerbey of Rumelia (first-ranking military governor-general), granting Ibrahim authority over all Ottoman territories in Europe, as well as command of troops residing within them in times of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Such writers were pushing back against the political and institutional transformation of the empire after the middle of the sixteenth century, and portrayed deviation from the norm as it had existed under Suleiman as evidence of the decline of the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He annexed much of the Middle East in his conflict with the Safavids and large areas of North Africa as far west as Algeria."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "Suleiman led several naval campaigns against the Portuguese in an attempt to remove them and reestablish trade with the Mughal Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf."
}
] |
Suleiman the Magnificent commanded his empire in such a way as to control land routes and territory, going so far as to dismantle his own ships to make sailors into soldiers for occupation.
| 1 | 2 |
Suleiman the Magnificent
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, which records it as Chinewrde, meaning \"farm of a woman named Cynehild\"."
}
] |
dVN8XqTxSrCAsYYQ1fLo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kenilworth ( KEN-il-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of central Coventry, 5 miles (8 km) north of Warwick and 90 miles (140 km) north-west of London."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, which records it as Chinewrde, meaning \"farm of a woman named Cynehild\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport",
"text": "Both Birmingham Airport and the M6, M42 and M40 motorways are within 10 miles (16 km) of the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It lies on Finham Brook, a tributary of the River Sowe, which joins the River Avon about 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town centre."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The eastern part of its park pale is about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the castle, while the northern part forms the boundary between Chase Wood and the farm road and bridleway between Little Chase Farm and Warrior's Lodge Farm."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "\"The Pleasaunce in the Marsh\" — built about 0.5 miles (800 m) west of the castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "He was capped 11 times by England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 22,413."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Two Castles Run",
"text": "In 2010 and 2011 it held the Warwickshire Amateur Athletic Association 10 Kilometre Championship."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The town's growth occasioned the addition of a second Church of England parish church, St John's, which is on Warwick Road in Knights Meadow."
}
] |
Kenilworth is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of central Coventry, 5 miles (8 km) north of Warwick and 90 miles (140 km) north-west of London in which a settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, which records it as Chinewrde, meaning "farm of a man named Cynehild".
| 0 | 0 |
Kenilworth
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band",
"text": "Sgt. Pepper topped the UK charts for 23 consecutive weeks, with a further four weeks at number one in the period through to February 1968."
}
] |
dVSYMaVcbp1jylv4X8Yx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band",
"text": "Sgt. Pepper topped the UK charts for 23 consecutive weeks, with a further four weeks at number one in the period through to February 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "It held the top spot for 21 weeks with a chart life of 40 weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Released on 26 September, Abbey Road sold four million copies within three months and topped the UK charts for a total of seventeen weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "It topped albums charts in at least 28 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | First visit to the United States and the British Invasion",
"text": "During the week of 4 April 1964, the Beatles held twelve positions on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, including the top five."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "On the first week of October 2019, Abbey Road returned to number one on the UK Albums Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band",
"text": "In the wake of Sgt. Pepper, the underground and mainstream press widely publicised the Beatles as leaders of youth culture, as well as \"lifestyle revolutionaries\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "Please Please Me maintained the top position on the Record Retailer chart for 30 weeks, only to be displaced by its follow-up, With the Beatles, which EMI released on 22 November to record advance orders of 270,000 copies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "The LP topped a half-million albums sold in one week."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "The Beatles broke their own record for the album with the longest gap between topping the charts as Abbey Road hit the top spot 50 years after its original release."
}
] |
Sgt. Pepper topped the UK charts for 25 consecutive weeks.
| 1 | 3 |
The Beatles
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory."
}
] |
dWRS0GaVmDx0pe076M4f
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Conclusions",
"text": "The First Battle of Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle, and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Union",
"text": "The total number of Union troops present at the First Battle of Bull Run"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "Although the combined strength of both Confederate armies was about 34,000, only about 18,000 were actually engaged at the First Battle of Bull Run."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Battle of Bull Run highlighted many of the problems and deficiencies that were typical of the first year of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Detailed casualties",
"text": "Compared to later battles, casualties at First Bull Run had not been especially heavy."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "How the West Was Won and in the first episode of the mini-series The Blue and the Gray."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Effect on Union and subsequent events",
"text": "Three months after the First Battle of Bull Run, Union forces suffered another, smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, near Leesburg, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | \"Bull Run\" vs. \"Manassas\"",
"text": "The U.S. National Park Service uses the Confederate name for its national battlefield park, but the Union name (Bull Run) also has widespread currency in popular literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Effect on Union and subsequent events",
"text": "Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run, the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell's army."
}
] |
The First Battle of Bull Run was won by the Union's forces.
| 1 | 5 |
First Battle of Bull Run
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electrons are involved in many applications such as electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators."
}
] |
dWcvz2ZTdVaZ0VTtQh2g
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Quantum properties",
"text": "This principle explains many of the properties of electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of free electrons outside matter",
"text": "The discovery of electrons by Joseph Thomson was closely tied with the experimental and theoretical research of cathode rays for decades by many physicists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Electrons are involved in many applications such as electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators."
},
{
"section_header": "Plasma applications | Particle beams",
"text": "Electron beams fluidise or quasi-melt glasses without significant increase of temperature on intensive irradiation: e.g. intensive electron radiation causes a many orders of magnitude decrease of viscosity and stepwise decrease of its activation energy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Confinement of individual electrons",
"text": "The electron wavefunction spreads in a semiconductor lattice and negligibly interacts with the valence band electrons, so it can be treated in the single particle formalism, by replacing its mass with the effective mass tensor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of free electrons outside matter",
"text": "This evidence strengthened the view that electrons existed as components of atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of free electrons outside matter",
"text": "In 1892 Hendrik Lorentz suggested that the mass of these particles (electrons) could be a consequence of their electric charge."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of free electrons outside matter",
"text": "The name electron was adopted for these particles by the scientific community, mainly due to the advocation by G. F. Fitzgerald, J. Larmor, and H. A. Lorenz."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery of free electrons outside matter",
"text": "In 1911, Charles Wilson used this principle to devise his cloud chamber so he could photograph the tracks of charged particles, such as fast-moving electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Conductivity",
"text": "Independent electrons moving in vacuum are termed free electrons."
}
] |
Electrons are present in many domains.
| 0 | 0 |
Electron
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "His father, Shapurji Sorabji, a civil engineer of Parsi origin from Bombay, India, and descendant of a long line of industrialists and businessmen, was born on 18 August 1863."
}
] |
dWzdLuNPZ4p6TgEqmRLa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji was born Leon Dudley Sorabji in Chingford, Essex (now Greater London), on 14 August 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 October 1988) was an English composer, music critic, pianist and writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "His father, Shapurji Sorabji, a civil engineer of Parsi origin from Bombay, India, and descendant of a long line of industrialists and businessmen, was born on 18 August 1863."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and religious views",
"text": "Sometime in 1913 or 1914, Sorabji joined the Parsi community and changed his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and finances",
"text": "There is little evidence that Shapurji Sorabji, the composer's father, lived with his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality and otherness",
"text": "These experiences have been identified as the root of Sorabji's dislike of England, which he expressed in his writings and elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and finances",
"text": "Shapurji Sorabji died in Bad Nauheim, Germany, on 7 July 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and finances",
"text": "Soon after arriving, they learned that Shapurji Sorabji had been living with another woman since around 1909 and had married her in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Harmony, counterpoint and form",
"text": "Sorabji achieves this in part by using widely spaced chords rooted in triadic harmonies and pedal points in the low registers, which act as sound cushions and soften dissonances in the upper voices."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and religious views",
"text": "He spoke favourably of Parsis as a group, their culture and history, though his experiences with them in India upset him."
}
] |
Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has Parsi roots.
| 1 | 2 |
Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The war was one of the defining events of his political outlook and a significant part of what led him to write in 1946, \"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for Democratic Socialism, as I understand it.\" The first edition was published in the United Kingdom in 1938."
}
] |
dX1jWFS1Hk00NSBEoWEY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was not published in the United States until February 1952, when it appeared with an influential preface by Lionel Trilling."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is one of the few exceptions and the reason is simple."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The war was one of the defining events of his political outlook and a significant part of what led him to write in 1946, \"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for Democratic Socialism, as I understand it.\" The first edition was published in the United Kingdom in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "A mixed review was supplied by V. S. Pritchett who called Orwell naïve about Spain but added that \"no one excels him in bringing to the eyes, ears and nostrils the nasty ingredients of fevered situations; and I would recommend him warmly to all who are concerned about the realities of personal experience in a muddled cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He wrote in Homage to Catalonia that people frequently told him a man who is hit through the neck and survives is the luckiest creature alive, but that he personally thought \"it would be even luckier not to be hit at all.\" After having his wounds dressed at a first aid post about half a mile from the front line, he was transferred to Barbastro and then to Lérida, where he received only an external treatment of his wound."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "After years of neglect Homage to Catalonia re-emerged in the 1950s, following on from the success of Orwell's later books."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia was commercially unsuccessful, only selling 638 copies, but Barcelona under the Anarchists would remain with Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "\"No one who was in Spain during the months when people still believed in the revolution will ever forget that strange and moving experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "After nine months of animal husbandry and writing up Homage to Catalonia at their cottage at Wallington, Hertfordshire, Orwell's health declined, and he had to spend several months at a sanatorium in Aylesford, Kent."
}
] |
Homage to Catalonia is a personal account of one man's experiences in a war that was published in United States.
| 1 | 7 |
Homage to Catalonia
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the novel is named after the character Edwin Drood, it focuses more on Drood's uncle, John Jasper, a precentor, choirmaster and opium addict, who is in love with his pupil, Rosa Bud."
}
] |
dXIjqZneyMm24qRIOIi5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Continuations",
"text": "The Decoding of Edwin Drood (1980) by Charles Forsyte and The Mystery of Edwin Drood by David Madden (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "To date, there have been four film adaptations of The Mystery of Edwin Drood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "Continuations",
"text": "\"Three of the most recent of the posthumous collaborations are The Mystery of Edwin Drood by Leon Garfield (1980),"
},
{
"section_header": "The Trial of John Jasper",
"text": "Chesterton ruled that the mystery of Edwin Drood was insoluble and fined everyone, except himself, for contempt of court."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "On 5 and 12 January 1953, the CBS Suspense radio programme aired a two-part adaptation of The Mystery of Edwin Drood."
},
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "Edwin Drood is the name of the protagonist in the novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Continuations",
"text": "XI, XII: February 1871 Supplying a conclusion to The Mystery of Edwin Drood has occupied writers from the time of Dickens' death to the present day."
},
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "The 2009 novel Drood by Dan Simmons is a fictionalised account of the last five years of Dickens's life and the writing of and inspirations for the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Landless and Edwin Drood take an instant dislike to each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the novel is named after the character Edwin Drood, it focuses more on Drood's uncle, John Jasper, a precentor, choirmaster and opium addict, who is in love with his pupil, Rosa Bud."
}
] |
The Mystery of Edwin Drood is centered around the life of Edwin.
| 0 | 0 |
The Mystery of Edwin Drood
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third edition was published in 1802, with substantial additions made to its \"Preface,\" and a fourth edition was published in 1805."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "Poems marked \"(Coleridge)\" were written by Coleridge; all the other poems were written by Wordsworth."
}
] |
dXZK5GhksdbzQFmoJPO8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "In the 1798 edition the poems later printed as \"Lines Written When Sailing in a Boat at Evening\" and \"Lines Written Near Richmond, Upon the Thames\" form a single poem, \"Lines Written Near Richmond, Upon the Thames, at Evening\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "One of the main themes of \"Lyrical Ballads\" is the return to the original state of nature, in which people led a purer and more innocent existence."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "In the 'Advertisement' included in the 1798 edition, Wordsworth explained his poetical concept: The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Even the title of the collection recalls rustic forms of art – the word \"lyrical\" links the poems with the ancient rustic bards and lends an air of spontaneity, while \"ballads\" are an oral mode of storytelling used by the common people."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "Poems marked \"(Coleridge)\" were written by Coleridge; all the other poems were written by Wordsworth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A second edition was published in 1800, in which Wordsworth included additional poems and a preface detailing the pair's avowed poetical principles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third edition was published in 1802, with substantial additions made to its \"Preface,\" and a fourth edition was published in 1805."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "In the first edition (1798) there were nineteen poems written by Wordsworth and four poems by Coleridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most of the poems in the 1798 edition were written by Wordsworth, with Coleridge contributing only four poems to the collection (although these made about a third of the book in length), including one of his most famous works, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."
}
] |
Lyrical Ballads was a group of poems written authored by Steven Williams and additional editions were printed in the following years.
| 0 | 0 |
Lyrical Ballads
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Vegetation",
"text": "Native plants include: the California poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, Ceanothus, Chamise, Coast Live Oak, sycamore, willow and Giant Wildrye."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city, which covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km2), is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populous county in the United States."
}
] |
dXbqnHj1EGi1F4ZCTvnS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education | Schools and libraries",
"text": "Enclaves of unincorporated areas are served by branches of the County of Los Angeles Public Library, many of which are within walking distance to residents."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Race and ethnicity",
"text": "Chinese people, which make up 1.8% of Los Angeles's population, reside mostly outside of Los Angeles city limits and rather in the San Gabriel Valley of eastern Los Angeles County, but make a sizable presence in the city, notably in Chinatown."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Schools and libraries",
"text": "The Los Angeles County Office of Education operates the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Race and ethnicity",
"text": "Los Angeles is home to people from more than 140 countries speaking 224 different identified languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "Residents of Los Angeles elect supervisors for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th supervisorial districts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city, which covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km2), is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populous county in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Greater Los Angeles includes metro Los Angeles as well as the Inland Empire and Ventura County."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Race and ethnicity",
"text": "Furthermore, a vast majority of residents in neighborhoods in eastern South Los Angeles towards Downey are of Hispanic origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Movies and the performing arts",
"text": "Notable organizations such as Center Theatre Group, the Los Angeles Master Chorale, and the Los Angeles Opera are also resident companies of the Music Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Perhaps owing to the fact of its founding by Franciscan friars of Roman Catholicism, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Los Angeles leads the largest archdiocese in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Vegetation",
"text": "Native plants include: the California poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, Ceanothus, Chamise, Coast Live Oak, sycamore, willow and Giant Wildrye."
}
] |
The county with most residents in the country is in Los Angeles.
| 2 | 2 |
Los Angeles
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After Bertie's father, King George V, broadcasts his 1934 Royal Christmas Message, he explains to Bertie that the wireless will play a significant part in the role of the royal family, allowing them to enter the homes of the people, and that Bertie's brother's neglect of his responsibilities make training in it necessary."
}
] |
dY1X1v0lFkF6TeZ9MOLy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Realism",
"text": "Martin Filler acknowledged that the film legitimately used artistic licence to make valid dramatic points, such as in the probably imagined scene when George V lectures his son on the importance of broadcasting."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "George V dies in 1936, and his eldest son David ascends the throne as King Edward VIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast upon Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At the official closing of the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Stadium, Prince Albert, Duke of York, the second son of King George V, addresses the crowd with a strong stammer."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "King George VI's success in overcoming his stammer inspired the young Seidler, \"Here was a stutterer who was a king and had to give radio speeches where everyone was listening to every syllable he uttered, and yet did so with passion and intensity."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Location and design",
"text": "Live actors were interspersed to give the impression of a crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Relationship with Lionel Logue",
"text": "Andrew Roberts, an English historian, states that the severity of the King's stammer was exaggerated and the characters of Edward VIII, Wallis Simpson, and George V made more antagonistic than they really were, to increase the dramatic effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The music played during the broadcast of the 1939 radio speech at the climax of the film is from the 2nd movement (Allegretto) of Beethoven's 7th Symphony; it was added by Tariq Anwar, the editor."
},
{
"section_header": "Visual style",
"text": "For instance, the subjective point of view shot during the Empire exhibition speech used a close up of the microphone with a wider lens, similar to the filming technique used for one of the Duke's early consultations with a physician."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After Bertie's father, King George V, broadcasts his 1934 Royal Christmas Message, he explains to Bertie that the wireless will play a significant part in the role of the royal family, allowing them to enter the homes of the people, and that Bertie's brother's neglect of his responsibilities make training in it necessary."
}
] |
In the film The King's Speech, Britain's monarch, George V, impresses upon his son the importance of radio in communicating directly with their subjects.
| 1 | 2 |
The King's Speech
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "The long third act of the play, which shows Don Juan himself having a conversation with several characters in Hell, is often cut."
}
] |
dY5ve4vid238EO2m3Sjx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Man and Superman is a four-act drama written by George Bernard Shaw in 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Man and Superman opened at the Royal Court Theatre in London on 23 May 1905, but it omitted the third act."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "\"Don Juan is the quarry instead of the huntsman\", as Shaw notes."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Productions",
"text": "Sally Peters Vogt proposes, \"Thematically, the fluid Don Juan myth becomes a favorable milieu for Creative Evolution,\" and that \"the legend...becomes in Man and Superman the vehicle through which Shaw communicates his cosmic philosophy\" In 1917 the Abbey Theatre produced the play for 7 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "Although Man and Superman can be performed as a light comedy of manners, Shaw intended the drama to be something much deeper, as suggested by the title, which comes from Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical ideas about the \"Übermensch\" (although Shaw distances himself from Nietzsche by placing the philosopher at the very end of a long list of influences)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramsden, a venerable old man, distrusts John Tanner, an eloquent youth with revolutionary ideas, whom Shaw's stage directions describe as \"prodigiously fluent of speech, restless, excitable (mark the snorting nostril and the restless blue eye, just the thirty-secondth of an inch too wide open), possibly a little mad\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Productions",
"text": "In 2019 Canada's Shaw Festival staged the full production with Martha Burns as Mendoza/"
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "Both in the play and in the \"Handbook\" Shaw takes Nietzsche's theme that mankind is evolving, through natural selection, towards \"superman\" and develops the argument to suggest that the prime mover in selection is the woman: Ann Whitefield makes persistent efforts to entice Tanner to marry her yet he remains a bachelor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A part of the act, Don Juan in Hell (Act 3, Scene 2), was performed when the drama was staged on 4 June 1907 at the Royal Court."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Productions",
"text": "In 1981, London's National Theatre staged a production, with the \"Don Juan in Hell\" act included, directed by Christopher Morahan and starring Daniel Massey as Jack Tanner and Penelope Wilton as Ann Whitefield."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "The long third act of the play, which shows Don Juan himself having a conversation with several characters in Hell, is often cut."
}
] |
The later section of the play Man and Superman is sometimes staged as a prologue instead of as denouement.
| 0 | 0 |
Man and Superman
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Principle of relativity | Reference frames and relative motion",
"text": "Reference frames play a crucial role in relativity theory."
}
] |
dYl2pHRZoAQ6SUQOn8gy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origins and significance",
"text": "It has, for example, replaced the conventional notion of an absolute universal time with the notion of a time that is dependent on reference frame and spatial position."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory regarding the relationship between space and time."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins and significance",
"text": "Rather, space and time are interwoven into a single continuum known as \"spacetime\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins and significance",
"text": "Time and space cannot be defined separately from each other (as was earlier thought to be the case)."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical discussion of spacetime | Geometry of spacetime | Comparison between flat Euclidean space and Minkowski space",
"text": "Then space and time have equivalent units, and no factors of c appear anywhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Principle of relativity | Reference frames and relative motion",
"text": "In addition, a reference frame has the ability to determine measurements of the time of events using a 'clock' (any reference device with uniform periodicity)."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical discussion of spacetime | Physics in spacetime | Transformations of physical quantities between reference frames",
"text": "where we define X0 = ct so that the time coordinate has the same dimension of distance as the other spatial dimensions; so that space and time are treated equally."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical discussion of spacetime | Physics in spacetime | Transformations of physical quantities between reference frames",
"text": "Above, the Lorentz transformation for the time coordinate and three space coordinates illustrates that they are intertwined."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins and significance",
"text": "Rather than an invariant time interval between two events, there is an invariant spacetime interval."
},
{
"section_header": "Principle of relativity | Reference frames and relative motion",
"text": "An event is an occurrence that can be assigned a single unique moment and location in space relative to a reference frame: it is a \"point\" in spacetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Principle of relativity | Reference frames and relative motion",
"text": "Reference frames play a crucial role in relativity theory."
}
] |
Reference frames are not significant in the relationship between space and time.
| 0 | 0 |
Special relativity
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Text",
"text": "In his speech to Congress, President Wilson declared fourteen points which he regarded as the only possible basis of an enduring peace."
}
] |
dYwMpN4pzPs7gjwHsKkK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Allies",
"text": "This interview was one reason why the German government accepted the Fourteen Points and the stated principles for peace negotiations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In his War Message to Congress, Wilson declared that the United States' objective was \"to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world.\" In several speeches earlier in the year, Wilson sketched out his vision of an end to the war that would bring a \"just and secure peace,\" not merely \"a new balance of power."
},
{
"section_header": "Speech",
"text": "The address was well received in the United States and Allied nations and even by Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, as a landmark of enlightenment in international relations."
},
{
"section_header": "Text",
"text": "In his speech to Congress, President Wilson declared fourteen points which he regarded as the only possible basis of an enduring peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | United States",
"text": "Most of these fourteen points... would be interpreted... to mean anything or nothing.\"Senator"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Central Powers",
"text": "Indeed, in a note sent to Wilson by Prince Maximilian of Baden, the German imperial chancellor, in October 1918 requested an immediate armistice and peace negotiations on the basis of the Fourteen Points."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | United States",
"text": "Theodore Roosevelt, in a January 1919 article titled, \"The League of Nations\", published in Metropolitan Magazine, warned: \"If the League of Nations is built on a document as high-sounding and as meaningless as the speech in which Mr. Wilson laid down his fourteen points, it will simply add one more scrap to the diplomatic waste paper basket."
},
{
"section_header": "Speech",
"text": "Wilson subsequently used the Fourteen Points as the basis for negotiating the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the war."
}
] |
The Fourteen Points was a list of principles for peace stated in a state of the Union address by Wilson.
| 0 | 4 |
Fourteen Points
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, c. 200), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (Hebrew: גמרא, c. 500), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Talmud (; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology."
}
] |
dZHX0KMF4jTjTW4GpIOD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Language",
"text": "Hebrew continued to be used for the writing of religious texts, poetry, and so forth."
},
{
"section_header": "Printing | Editions for a wider audience",
"text": "The main ones are as follows."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Talmud (; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology."
},
{
"section_header": "Babylonian and Jerusalem | Jerusalem Talmud",
"text": "The Jerusalem Talmud, also known as the Palestinian Talmud, or Talmuda de-Eretz Yisrael (Talmud of the Land of Israel), was one of the two compilations of Jewish religious teachings and commentary that was transmitted orally for centuries prior to its compilation by Jewish scholars in the Land of Israel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, c. 200), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (Hebrew: גמרא, c. 500), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Commentaries",
"text": "One of the main goals of the Tosafot is to explain and interpret contradictory statements in the Talmud."
},
{
"section_header": "Babylonian and Jerusalem",
"text": "Correspondingly, two bodies of analysis developed, and two works of Talmud were created."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in Judaism | Present day",
"text": "Orthodox Judaism continues to stress the importance of Talmud study as a central component of Yeshiva curriculum, in particular for those training to become rabbis."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Historical analysis, and higher textual criticism",
"text": "Investigation of questions such as these are known as higher textual criticism. (The term \"criticism\" is a technical term denoting academic study.) Religious scholars still debate the precise method by which the text of the Talmuds reached their final form."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in Judaism | Present day",
"text": "Conservative Judaism similarly emphasizes the study of Talmud within its religious and rabbinic education."
}
] |
The Talmud is religious text with two main components.
| 0 | 0 |
Talmud
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "F. W. Murnau's unauthorised film adaptation Nosferatu was released in 1922, and the popularity of the novel increased considerably, owing to an attempt by Stoker's widow to have the film removed from public circulation."
}
] |
dZRSI5oetw1Z7neQ0QDA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Bram Stoker's Dracula, starring Gary Oldman."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The now-lost film, however, was not an adaptation of Stoker's novel, but featured an original story."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe published The Bride of Corinth in 1797. (\"From my grave to wander I am forc’d Still to seek The God’s long-sever’d link, Still to love the bridegroom I have lost, And the life-blood of his heart to drink;) Later Sheridan Le Fanu's 1871 Carmilla, about a lesbian vampire could have inspired Bram Stoker's Dracula, or Varney"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Reaction",
"text": "Nosferatu was followed by a highly successful stage adaptation, touring the UK for three years before arriving in the US where Stoker's creation caught Hollywood's attention and, after the American 1931 movie version was released, the book has never been out of print."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Dracula the Un-dead",
"text": "In 2009, a sequel was published, written by Bram Stoker's great grand-nephew Dacre Stoker and Ian Holt."
},
{
"section_header": "Official derivative publications | Dracul",
"text": "An interpretation of the missing 101 pages of the original novel, it was pieced together from Bram Stoker's editorial notes, artifacts, and journals."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "F. W. Murnau's unauthorised film adaptation Nosferatu was released in 1922, and the popularity of the novel increased considerably, owing to an attempt by Stoker's widow to have the film removed from public circulation."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Reaction",
"text": "It reached its broad and iconic status only later in the 20th century when the movie versions appeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Lyceum Theatre where Stoker worked between 1878 and 1898 was headed by actor-manager Henry Irving, who was Stoker's real-life inspiration for Dracula's mannerisms and who Stoker hoped would play Dracula in a stage version."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical and geographical references",
"text": "Dracula is a work of fiction, but it does contain some historical references; although it is a matter of conjecture and debate as to how much historical connection was deliberate on Stoker's part. Attention was drawn to the supposed connections between the historical Transylvanian-born Vlad III Dracula (also known as Vlad Tepes) of Wallachia and Bram Stoker's fictional Dracula, following the publication of In Search of Dracula by Radu Florescu and Raymond McNally in 1972.During his main reign (1456–1462), \"Vlad the Impaler\" is said to have killed from 40,000 to 100,000 European civilians (political rivals, criminals, and anyone that he considered \"useless to humanity\"), mainly by impaling."
}
] |
Bram Stoker's family famously loved movie adaptations of his work.
| 0 | 0 |
Dracula
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Contemporary reviews were highly positive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won three."
}
] |
dZwGkCMfOJkJeiZozIzf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "In Yankee Doodle Dandy, Eddie Foy, Jr. played the role of his own father."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 American biographical musical film about George M. Cohan, known as \"The Man Who Owned Broadway\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "The Yankee Doodle Boy 2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: \"My mother thanks you."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy was adapted as a radio play on the October 19, 1942 broadcast of The Screen Guild Theater, starring James Cagney with Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "\"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" (reprise) – Played by Orchestra behind end credits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\", and in 1998, the movie was ranked #100 on the 100 Years...100 Movies list, by the American Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "Because of Cohan's failing health, Warner Brothers moved up the scheduled gala premiere from July 4 to May 29; the original date had been chosen because of the film's patriotic theme and because Cohan really had been born on the Fourth of July, as he wrote in the lyrics of his \"Yankee Doodle Dandy."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "\"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" – Sung and Danced by James Cagney, Joan Leslie (dubbed by Sally Sweetland) and Chorus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "—it's dandy!\" Variety called the film \"as entertaining as any top filmusical ever made ... James Cagney does a Cohan of which the original George M. might well be proud.\" Harrison's Reports wrote: \"Excellent!"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Contemporary reviews were highly positive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won three."
}
] |
Yankee Doodle Dandy was favored by critics but it didn't win any awards.
| 0 | 3 |
Yankee Doodle Dandy
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "He grew up in a religious Jewish family in the \"Sandvorstadt\", the Jewish quarter in Dessau in Saxony, where his father was a cantor."
}
] |
daHD6XKTgb8hzXKHhKtl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Paris and New York",
"text": "With no option but to leave Germany, he went first to Paris, where he worked once more with Brecht (after a project with Jean Cocteau failed) on the ballet The Seven Deadly Sins."
},
{
"section_header": "Paris and New York",
"text": "A production of his operetta Der Kuhhandel (A Kingdom for a Cow) took him to London in 1935, and later that year he went to the United States in connection with The Eternal Road, a \"Biblical Drama\" by Franz Werfel that had been commissioned by members of New York's Jewish community and was premiered in 1937 at the Manhattan Opera House, running for 153 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The Kurt Weil Centre (German:Kurt-Weill-Zentrum) in Dessau was founded in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The centre, with its collection of material on Weill, is listed as a cultural memorial of national importance."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Weill was born on March 2, 1900, the third of four children to Albert Weill (1867–1950) and Emma Weill (née Ackermann; 1872–1955)."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in the 1920s and early 1930s",
"text": "Weill and Brecht tried to stop the film adaptation through a well publicised lawsuit—which Weill won and Brecht lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in the 1920s and early 1930s",
"text": "Hans Siebert von Heister had already worked with Weill in the November Group, and offered Weill the job shortly after becoming editor-in-chief."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In 1991, the seminal Swiss industrial band The Young Gods released their album of Kurt Weill songs, The Young Gods Play Kurt Weill."
},
{
"section_header": "Paris and New York",
"text": "Though Weill associated with socialism, after Brecht tried to push the play even further into a left wing direction, Weill commented, according to his wife Lotte Lenya, that he was unable to \"set the Communist Manifesto to music.\" Weill fled Nazi Germany in March 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Studies with Busoni",
"text": "In December 1923, Weill finished his studies with Busoni."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "He grew up in a religious Jewish family in the \"Sandvorstadt\", the Jewish quarter in Dessau in Saxony, where his father was a cantor."
}
] |
Weill went to kindergarten in Iowa.
| 0 | 0 |
Kurt Weill
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "He said that Spacek breaking the glass clinched the deal, and they believed she ultimately would best suit the part."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Spacek was so distraught at the news that she shattered a glass of wine in her hand."
}
] |
db01kLjMnjnwKBQ5UscU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert has credited the movie's success \"to the performance by Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Once you experience something like that, you've experienced the ultimate tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "\" In addition, Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice wrote \"Sissy Spacek – yes, I'm flabbergasted – is simple and faithful as Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Sissy Spacek uses her freckled pallor and whitish eyelashes to suggest a squashed, groggy girl who could go in any direction; at times, she seems unborn – a fetus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although her birth name was Mary Elizabeth, she always was called Sissy by her brothers, which led to her stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek's performance was widely praised, and Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote, \"Though few actresses have distinguished themselves in gothics, Sissy Spacek, who is onscreen almost continuously, gives a classic chameleon performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s–2010s",
"text": "Spacek went on to appear in the crime drama film Deadfall (2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On television, Spacek received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for the television films"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek subsequently switched her focus to acting, enrolling at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "He said that Spacek breaking the glass clinched the deal, and they believed she ultimately would best suit the part."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Spacek was so distraught at the news that she shattered a glass of wine in her hand."
}
] |
Sissy Spacek once got a position in a film for destroying property at a restaurant.
| 1 | 4 |
Sissy Spacek
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | Early politics",
"text": "Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years."
}
] |
db4kgMNlothT4CVBKmSh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | Early politics",
"text": "\" I said, \"Then I am a Republican.\" And I have been a Republican ever since."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | 2016 Presidential election",
"text": "For the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Schwarzenegger endorsed fellow Republican John Kasich."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Early politics",
"text": "Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Early politics",
"text": "At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained he was a Republican because the Democrats of the 1960s sounded too much like Austrian socialists."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Governor of California",
"text": "Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?\" Arnold Schwarzenegger is a moderate Republican."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Early politics",
"text": "\" My friend said, \"He's a Republican."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Governor of California",
"text": "Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Governor of California",
"text": "Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2020, he is the most recent Republican governor of California."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Governor of California",
"text": "Schwarzenegger, against the advice of fellow Republican strategists, appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff."
}
] |
Schwarzenegger is a Republican.
| 2 | 2 |
Arnold Schwarzenegger
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He moved to Los Angeles, California at the age of eight."
}
] |
dbOEMixDWm11yxC2ZEFV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Anderson was named the Reds manager on October 8, 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "He won his second Manager of the Year Award that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He moved to Los Angeles, California at the age of eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anderson was named American League Manager of the Year in 1984 and 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Honors",
"text": "\"Anderson was also inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2006, construction was completed on the \"Sparky Anderson Baseball Field\" at California Lutheran University's new athletic complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "After the season, Anderson won the first of his two Manager of the Year Awards with the Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Anderson began his playing career with the Santa Barbara Dodgers of the Class-C California League, where he was primarily used as a shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Just after the 1969 season ended, California Angels manager Lefty Phillips, who as a Dodger scout had signed the teenager Anderson to his first professional contract, named Anderson to his 1970 coaching staff."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Honors",
"text": "I got good players, stayed out of the way, let 'em win a lot, and then just hung around for 26 years."
}
] |
Anderson relocated to California when he was 8 years old.
| 0 | 4 |
Sparky Anderson
|
Technology
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple"
}
] |
dcWZ03pdCleEQCALRpto
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1976–1984: Founding and incorporation",
"text": "Apple Computer Company was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne as a business partnership."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "An Aqua-themed version of the monochrome logo was used from 1998 to 2003, and a glass-themed version was used from 2007 to 2013.Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were Beatles fans, but Apple Inc. had name and logo trademark issues with Apple Corps Ltd., a multimedia company started by the Beatles in 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–present: Post–Steve Jobs era; Tim Cook leadership",
"text": "On October 5, 2011, Steve Jobs died, marking the end of an era for Apple."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Corporate culture",
"text": "The Apple Fellowship has so far been awarded to individuals including Bill Atkinson, Steve Capps, Rod Holt, Alan Kay, Guy Kawasaki, Al Alcorn, Don Norman, Rich Page, and Steve Wozniak."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1976–1984: Founding and incorporation",
"text": "Apple Computer, Inc. was incorporated on January 3, 1977, without Wayne, who had left and sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800 only twelve days after having co-founded Apple."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Brand Semiotics",
"text": "Steve Jobs argued that color was crucial for \"humanizing the company\" at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "According to Steve Jobs, the company's name was inspired by his visit to an apple farm while on a fruitarian diet."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Corporate culture | Lack of innovation",
"text": "Apple wouldn't have done this under Steve Jobs's watch' trope, a lot of what's happening at Apple lately is different from what they came to expect under Jobs."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Home page",
"text": "2014: Robin Williams 2013: Nelson Mandela 2012: Steve Jobs 2011: Steve Jobs 2010: Jerome B. York (board member) 2007: Al Gore (board member; in honor of his Nobel Peace Prize) 2005: Rosa Parks 2003: Gregory Hines 2001: George Harrison"
}
] |
Apple Inc. was started by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976.
| 1 | 7 |
Apple Inc.
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
}
] |
dckzZkI38wBFc828T0HJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "On September 9, 1997 in New York City, after broadcasting the Phillies-Mets game at Shea Stadium, Ashburn suffered a heart attack and died."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "And he said that if he ever had to be a benchwarmer for the New York Mets he'd commit suicide."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ashburn was purchased by the expansion New York Mets for the 1962 season and was the first batter in franchise history."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "Starting in 1963, Ashburn became a radio and TV color commentator for the Phillies, his original big-league team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Associated Press reported, \"Richie Ashburn, fleet footed Philadelphia Phillies outfielder, brought the huge Briggs Stadium crowd of 52,075 to its feet with a brilliant leaping catch in the sixth inning to rob Vic Wertz of a near homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Ashburn was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.Each year the Phillies present the Richie Ashburn Special Achievement Award to \"a member of the organization who has demonstrated loyalty, dedication and passion for the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "The book, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "One of the famous \"Whiz Kids\" of the National League champion 1950 Phillies, Ashburn spent 12 of his 15 major-league seasons as the Phillies' center fielder (1948–1959)."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "When calling late innings, Ashburn would occasionally ask on-air if the staff of Celebre's Pizza, a nearby pizzeria in South Philly, was listening to the radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career and death",
"text": "Ashburn regularly wrote for columns on the Phillies and Major League Baseball for The Philadelphia Bulletin and The Philadelphia Daily News."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
}
] |
Richie Ashburn childhood years were spent in the big city of New York.
| 2 | 4 |
Richie Ashburn
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge past a point or region."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "The conventional symbol for current is I, which originates from the French phrase intensité du courant, (current intensity)."
}
] |
dcmN1lTRLecmIN9wubE1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "Since electrons, the charge carriers in metal wires and most other parts of electric circuits, have a negative charge, as a consequence, they flow in the opposite direction of conventional current flow in an electrical circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge past a point or region."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "The conventional symbol for current is I, which originates from the French phrase intensité du courant, (current intensity)."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "The I symbol was used by André-Marie Ampère, after whom the unit of electric current is named, in formulating Ampère's force law (1820)."
},
{
"section_header": "Conduction mechanisms in various media | Metals",
"text": "More generally, electric current can be represented as the rate at which charge flows through a given surface as: I"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The SI unit of electric current is the ampere, which is the flow of electric charge across a surface at the rate of one coulomb per second."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "Since current can be the flow of either positive or negative charges, or both, a convention is needed for the direction of current that is independent of the type of charge carriers."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "The direction of conventional current is arbitrarily defined as the same direction as positive charges flow."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "A flow of positive charges gives the same electric current, and has the same effect in a circuit, as an equal flow of negative charges in the opposite direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Conventions",
"text": "In a conductive material, the moving charged particles that constitute the electric current are called charge carriers."
}
] |
An electric current conventional symbol for current is I and is the rate of flow of electric charge.
| 0 | 0 |
Electric current
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917."
}
] |
dcnN0FvHbarBcEdJ4uO8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky died of arteriosclerotic heart disease at St. Luke's Hospital in New York City in 1970, one of the last surviving major participants in the turbulent events of 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "In response to bitter resentments held against the imperial favourite Grigori Rasputin in the midst of Russia's failing effort in World War I, Kerensky, at the opening of the Duma on 2 November 1916, called the imperial ministers \"hired assassins\" and \"cowards\", and alleged that they were \"guided by the contemptible Grishka Rasputin!\" Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, Prince Lvov, and general Mikhail Alekseyev attempted to persuade the emperor Nicholas II to send away the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Rasputin's steadfast patron, either to the Livadia Palace in Yalta or to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky then returned to the United States, where he spent the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2008 film The Admiral, Kerensky is portrayed by Viktor Verzhbitsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "According to Kerensky, Rasputin had terrorised the empress by threatening to return to his native village."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2019 Netflix series The Last Czars, Kerensky is portrayed by Kestutis Cicenas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Kerensky joined the Narodnik movement and worked as a legal counsel to victims of the Revolution of 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Kerensky offered his support to Joseph Stalin."
},
{
"section_header": "Facts",
"text": "The 36-year-old Kerensky was the youngest non-monarchical ruler in Russian history."
}
] |
Kerensky passed away in 1970.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Kerensky
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His instruction in music began at the age of six with his father, Bartolomeo, maestro al cembalo (\"Master of the harpsichord\", in other words, ensemble leader from the harpsichord)."
}
] |
ddwu8YSTbNKkRpRGDhtG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Cherubini was born Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini in Florence in 1760."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "See List of operas by Luigi Cherubini"
},
{
"section_header": "French assimilation",
"text": "Three years later, after a move to the rue Feydeau and the fall of the monarchy, the company became known as the Théâtre Feydeau."
},
{
"section_header": "French assimilation",
"text": "Feeling financially secure, he married Anne Cécile Tourette in 1794 and began a family of three children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Considered a child prodigy, Cherubini studied counterpoint and dramatic style at an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Luigi Cherubini ( KERR-uu-BEE-nee, Italian: [luˈiːdʒi keruˈbiːni]; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His instruction in music began at the age of six with his father, Bartolomeo, maestro al cembalo (\"Master of the harpsichord\", in other words, ensemble leader from the harpsichord)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Although 14 September is sometimes stated, evidence from baptismal records and Cherubini himself suggests the 8th is correct."
},
{
"section_header": "From opera to church music",
"text": "Disappointed with his lack of acclaim in the theater, Cherubini turned increasingly to church music, writing seven masses, two requiems, and many shorter pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "In 1841, Ingres produced the most celebrated portrait of the old composer."
}
] |
Luigi Cherubini started to learn music at only three years old.
| 0 | 3 |
Luigi Cherubini
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Its popularity increased thereafter, especially during World War I, when the book accompanied many young men into the trenches."
}
] |
de82JKvgMb8vknKBArzh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Selling slowly at first, it then rapidly grew in popularity, particularly among young readers."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Its popularity increased thereafter, especially during World War I, when the book accompanied many young men into the trenches."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Song settings",
"text": "The strong combination of emotional feeling, lyricism and folk qualities contributed to the popularity of A Shropshire Lad with composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Later, the collection was commemorated by the short-lived Wrexham & Shropshire railway company (2008–11), which named one of its Class 67 engines A Shropshire Lad."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Housman is said originally to have titled his book The Poems of Terence Hearsay, referring to a character there, but changed the title to A Shropshire Lad at the suggestion of a colleague in the British Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Song settings",
"text": "George Butterworth was particularly drawn to Housman's poems, composing within a short period the Six Songs from A Shropshire Lad (1911) and Bredon Hill and Other Songs (1912) as well as his emotive Rhapsody, A Shropshire Lad, first performed in 1913."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Illustrations",
"text": "It proved so popular that frequent reprintings followed and latterly other presses have recycled the illustrations as well."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "The book was published the following year, partly at the author's expense, after it had already been rejected by one publisher."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "At first the book sold slowly; the initial printing of 500 copies, some 160 of which were sent to the United States, did not clear until 1898."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "the letter to Pollet already mentioned, Housman pointed out that there was a discontinuity between the Classical scholar who wrote the poems and the \"imaginary\" Shropshire Lad they portrayed. \" No doubt I have been unconsciously influenced by the Greeks and Latins, but [the] chief sources of which I am conscious are Shakespeare's songs, the Scottish Border ballads, and Heine.\" Yet while it is true that \"very little in the book is biographical\", he could not entirely escape his literary formation, as he had already speculated in a letter written three decades previously."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896."
}
] |
A Shropshire Lad is a book of short stories that grew popular with Senior citizens.
| 0 | 0 |
A Shropshire Lad
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of \"thickness\": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate."
}
] |
deDZjXsHZDjxREDliYN0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Pure liquids",
"text": "At the simplest level of description, the relative motion of adjacent layers in a liquid is opposed primarily by attractive molecular forces acting across the layer boundary."
},
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Mixtures and blends | Blends of liquids",
"text": "As for pure liquids, the viscosity of a blend of liquids is difficult to predict from molecular principles."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids",
"text": "A magnetorheological fluid, for example, becomes thicker when subjected to a magnetic field, possibly to the point of behaving like a solid."
},
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Pure liquids",
"text": "In contrast with gases, there is no simple yet accurate picture for the molecular origins of viscosity in liquids."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids",
"text": "Rheopectic (dilatant) liquids, that become more viscous over time when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Mixtures and blends | Blends of liquids",
"text": "This can be done with varying levels of sophistication."
},
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Pure liquids",
"text": "In general, empirically derived expressions (based on existing viscosity measurements) appear to be the only consistently reliable means of calculating viscosity in liquids."
},
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Mixtures and blends | Blends of liquids",
"text": "μ 1 , 2 {\\displaystyle \\mu _{1,2}} are the respective mole fractions and viscosities of the component liquids."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids",
"text": "For example: Shear-thickening liquids, whose viscosity increases with the rate of shear strain. Shear-thinning liquids, whose viscosity decreases with the rate of shear strain. Thixotropic liquids, that become less viscous over time when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Pure liquids",
"text": "More fundamentally, the physical assumptions underlying equation (1) have been criticized."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of \"thickness\": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate."
}
] |
Thicker liquids have a lower level of viscosity than more fluid liquids.
| 0 | 0 |
Viscosity
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History of discovery and research",
"text": "The term \"mitochondria\" was coined by Carl Benda in 1898."
}
] |
deyGhXDr3q8N0v4ZXUpy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, \"thread\", and χονδρίον, chondrion, \"granule\" or \"grain-like\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) | Calcium signaling",
"text": "The ability of mitochondria to serve as a Ca2"
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM)",
"text": "The mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is another structural element that is increasingly recognized for its critical role in cellular physiology and homeostasis."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) | Perspective",
"text": "Instead, this mitochondrial-ER interface emphasizes the integration of the mitochondria, the product of an endosymbiotic event, into diverse cellular processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) | Perspective",
"text": "Recently it has also been shown, that mitochondria and MAM-s in neurons are anchored to specialised intercellular communication sites (so called somatic-junctions)."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM)",
"text": "Not only has the MAM provided insight into the mechanistic basis underlying such physiological processes as intrinsic apoptosis and the propagation of calcium signaling, but it also favors a more refined view of the mitochondria."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) | Perspective",
"text": "The MAM thus offers a perspective on mitochondria that diverges from the traditional view of this organelle as a static, isolated unit appropriated for its metabolic capacity by the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM)",
"text": "Such studies estimate that at the MAM, which may comprise up to 20% of the mitochondrial outer membrane, the ER and mitochondria are separated by a mere 10–25 nm and held together by protein tethering complexes."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) | Phospholipid transfer",
"text": "Because mitochondria are dynamic organelles constantly undergoing fission and fusion events, they require a constant and well-regulated supply of phospholipids for membrane integrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) | Calcium signaling",
"text": "Regulating ER release of Ca2 + at the MAM is especially critical because only a certain window of Ca2+ uptake sustains the mitochondria, and consequently the cell, at homeostasis."
},
{
"section_header": "History of discovery and research",
"text": "The term \"mitochondria\" was coined by Carl Benda in 1898."
}
] |
The word Mitochondria was invented in the late 1800s.
| 1 | 5 |
Mitochondrion
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Views on religion",
"text": "Hitler was born to a practising Catholic mother and an anticlerical father; after leaving home Hitler never again attended Mass or received the sacraments."
}
] |
dfWRGYWIV3XlHjqYKBgM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "When Hitler was three, the family moved to Passau, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "The eight-year-old Hitler took singing lessons, sang in the church choir, and even considered becoming a priest."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Hitler's suicide was likened by contemporaries to a \"spell\" being broken."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Views on religion",
"text": "Hitler was born to a practising Catholic mother and an anticlerical father; after leaving home Hitler never again attended Mass or received the sacraments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich",
"text": "Hitler received the final part of his father's estate in May 1913 and moved to Munich, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Brüning administration",
"text": "Hindenburg had support from various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, and republican parties, and some Social Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "The Holocaust",
"text": "The goal was to implement this plan after the conquest of the Soviet Union, but when this failed, Hitler moved the plans forward."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich",
"text": "His friend, August Kubizek, claimed that Hitler was a \"confirmed anti-Semite\" before he left Linz."
},
{
"section_header": "The Holocaust",
"text": "Scores of other concentration camps and satellite camps were set up throughout Europe, with several camps devoted exclusively to extermination."
},
{
"section_header": "The Holocaust",
"text": "During the war, Hitler repeatedly stated his prophecy of 1939 was being fulfilled, namely, that a world war would bring about the annihilation of the Jewish race."
}
] |
Hitler claimed to be a devoted Catholic even after he moved away from his parents.
| 1 | 2 |
Adolf Hitler
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was begun in 1931 and published in Switzerland in 1943 after being rejected for publication in Germany due to Hesse's anti-Fascist views."
}
] |
dg72463cVujv5rQ7IU7i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Earlier plans",
"text": "Dated 1934, they describe Knecht's childhood and education as a Swabian theologian."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Earlier plans",
"text": "Originally, Hesse intended several different lives of the same person as he is reincarnated."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Central characters",
"text": "Elder Brother: A former Castalian and student of various Chinese scripts & ideologies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In honoring him in its Award Ceremony Speech, the Swedish Academy said that the novel \"occupies a special position\" in Hesse's work.\"Glass"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Only a few days later, the story ends abruptly with Knecht drowning in a mountain lake while attempting to follow Tito on a swim for which Knecht was unfit."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Central characters",
"text": "He is the Magister Ludi for a majority of the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the title Magister Ludi is misleading, as it implies the book is a straightforward bildungsroman."
},
{
"section_header": "Castalia",
"text": "One of Castalia's roles (not explored in depth in the book) is provision of schoolteachers to its host state."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In a cold fury, he kills his half brother and finds himself once again in the forest with the old yogi, who, through an experience of an alternate life, guides him on the spiritual path and out of the world of illusion (Maya)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In reality, the book touches on many different genres, and the bulk of the story is on one level a parody of the biography genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was begun in 1931 and published in Switzerland in 1943 after being rejected for publication in Germany due to Hesse's anti-Fascist views."
}
] |
This book was used by Swedish Nazi sympathizers to attempt to spread their ideology out of its country of origin in the 1934.
| 0 | 0 |
The Glass Bead Game
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Sr. (20 February 1899, St Olave, Bermondsey, London –1956, Lambeth, London), was a fish market porter of English and Irish heritage, while his English mother, Ellen Frances Marie Burchell (1900, Southwick, London –1989, London), was a cook and charwoman."
}
] |
dgqlkcn8G686ByCAn6Ek
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Michael Caine (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr.; 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Sr. (20 February 1899, St Olave, Bermondsey, London –1956, Lambeth, London), was a fish market porter of English and Irish heritage, while his English mother, Ellen Frances Marie Burchell (1900, Southwick, London –1989, London), was a cook and charwoman."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "This is my Michael Caine impression."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "And there was me saying, 'My name is Michael Caine."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Hello. My name is Michael Caine."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "In an interview with Michael Parkinson in 2007, Caine commented on the impersonations of his voice, \"I can do it. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Music interests",
"text": "Also in music, Caine provided vocal samples for the Ska-pop band Madness for their 1984 hit \"Michael Caine\", as his daughter was a fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Michael Caine was born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr. on 14 March 1933 at St Olave's Hospital in the Rotherhithe area of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1950s",
"text": "Speaking to his agent from a telephone booth in Leicester Square, London, he looked around for inspiration, noted that The Caine Mutiny was being shown at the Odeon Cinema in 1954, and decided to change his name to \"Michael Caine\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Either!, Michael Caine's Moving Picture Show, and Not a Lot of People"
}
] |
Michael Caine was Irish and English descant.
| 2 | 4 |
Michael Caine
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "The Packers are the only community-owned franchise in North America's four traditional major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "It is this broad-based community support and non-profit structure which has kept the team in Green Bay for nearly a century in spite of being the smallest market in all of North American professional sports."
}
] |
dgtR2117oQ6WfkwR5DsX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Community ownership | Green Bay Packers Foundation",
"text": "The team created the Green Bay Packers Foundation in December 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "It was only when baseball-only Miller Park preempted football there that the Packers' home slate became played entirely in Green Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "It is this broad-based community support and non-profit structure which has kept the team in Green Bay for nearly a century in spite of being the smallest market in all of North American professional sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "The Packers are the only community-owned franchise in North America's four traditional major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "These backers, known as \"The Hungry Five\", formed the Green Bay Football Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers have played in their original city longer than any other team in the NFL."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11, 1919 by former high-school football rivals"
},
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "\" This stipulation was included to ensure there could never be any financial inducement for shareholders to move the club from Green Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "Community ownership",
"text": "Green Bay is the only team with this form of ownership structure in the NFL, which does not comply with current league rules stipulating a maximum of 32 owners per team, with one holding a minimum 30% stake."
}
] |
The Green Bay Packers football team is owned by the Green Bay community.
| 0 | 0 |
Green Bay Packers
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When he was six weeks old, Hoffman had to have a damaged kidney removed because an arterial blockage had formed there."
}
] |
dhZZ0w8EOi8rV2Q7TssV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2007–2008",
"text": "A couple of weeks after the end of the season, Hoffman had minor arthroscopic surgery on his pitching elbow to remove bone chips."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Pitching style",
"text": "He played through 1995 and had surgery the following offseason for a torn rotator cuff."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2003–2006",
"text": "Hoffman sat out most of the 2003 season while recovering from two offseason shoulder surgeries, including one that trimmed the tip of his scapula."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | Retirement",
"text": "San Diego Mayor Jerry Sanders declared it \"Trevor Hoffman Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ed would often bring Trevor to the games with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoffman collected at least 30 saves each year for the next 14 years, except for 2003 when he missed most of the year recovering from shoulder surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Character",
"text": "\"My greatest memory of Trevor is from game No. 163 in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2009–2010",
"text": "Hoffman recorded his first save for Milwaukee the next day, and the Brewers continued with his \"Trevor Time\" entrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic",
"text": "But Trevor took it to a level and a commitment and Hall of Fame caliber."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Other teams contacted the Padres for videos of the \"Trevor Time\" production."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When he was six weeks old, Hoffman had to have a damaged kidney removed because an arterial blockage had formed there."
}
] |
When Trevor Hoffman was a child, he had renal surgery.
| 0 | 3 |
Trevor Hoffman
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years."
}
] |
dhfSEXd0LknRtSQXZcWs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Hawking died at his home in Cambridge, England, on 14 March 2018, at the age of 76."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His family stated that he \"died peacefully\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "Hawking appeared in documentaries titled The Real Stephen Hawking (2001), Stephen Hawking: Profile (2002) and Hawking (2013), and the documentary series Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "He was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society (2006), the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is America's highest civilian honour (2009), and the Russian Special Fundamental Physics Prize (2013).Several buildings have been named after him, including the Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador, El Salvador, the Stephen Hawking Building in Cambridge, and the Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "Hawking created Stephen Hawking: Expedition New Earth, a documentary on space colonisation, as a 2017 episode of Tomorrow's World."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Films and series",
"text": "Horizon: The Hawking Paradox (2005) Masters of Science Fiction (2007) Stephen Hawking and the Theory of Everything (2007) Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe (2008) Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking (2010) Brave New World with Stephen Hawking (2011) Stephen Hawking's Grand Design (2012) The Big Bang Theory (2012, 2014–2015, 2017) Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of Mine (2013) The Theory of Everything – Feature film (2014) starring Eddie Redmayne"
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Selected academic works",
"text": "Hawking, S.; Hertog, T. (2018)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "A first draft of the book, called A Brief History of Time, was completed in 1984.One of the first messages Hawking produced with his speech-generating device was a request for his assistant to help him finish writing A Brief History of Time."
}
] |
Stephen Hawking died in 2018 after a long career writing.
| 2 | 8 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, several other airports, including Hollywood Burbank Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, as well as Ontario International Airport, also serve the area."
}
] |
dhqwx85iuYdXTsxaY8wT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name became Los Angeles Airport in 1941 and Los Angeles International Airport in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, several other airports, including Hollywood Burbank Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, as well as Ontario International Airport, also serve the area."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Los Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX, FAA LID: LAX), commonly referred to as LAX (with each of its letters pronounced individually), is the primary international airport serving Los Angeles and its surrounding metropolitan area."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport holds the record for the world's busiest origin and destination airport, since relative to other airports, many more travelers begin or end their trips in Los Angeles than use it as a connection."
},
{
"section_header": "Other facilities",
"text": "The airport has the administrative offices of Los Angeles World Airports."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Owned and operated by Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA), an agency of the government of Los Angeles, formerly known as the Department of Airports, the airport covers 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of land."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The \"X\" in LAX",
"text": "At that time, \"LA\" served as the designation for Los Angeles Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LAX is the closest airport to the Westside and the South Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Film shoots at the Los Angeles airports, including LAX, produced $590 million for the Los Angeles region from 2002 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles",
"text": "The airport also functioned as a joint civil-military facility, providing a base for the United States Coast Guard and its Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles facility, operating four HH-65 Dolphin helicopters, which covers Coast Guard operations in various Southern California locations, including Catalina Island."
}
] |
Los Angeles International Airport is the closet airport to the South Bay but there is many other airports in the Los Angeles area.
| 1 | 4 |
Los Angeles International Airport
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures."
}
] |
di8q4LBlYS8QWxyHNg0N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "Things look dark, and the group of heroes face an enemy they don't think they can defeat.\" As such, the Endgame trailer \"mirrors this perfectly\" and \"shows us that the Avengers' two most prominent characters are who they've always been: Iron Man, a pessimist who keeps fighting no matter how hopeless things look, and Captain America, an optimist who believes that nothing is hopeless when the world's heroes fight together\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "At the 2019 San Diego Comic-Con, Feige announced that Disney had overlooked $2 million of weekday ticket sales when doing accounting and that Endgame would surpass Avatar's total box office return that weekend to be the highest-grossing film."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Scarlett Johansson as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow: At the beginning of the film, Romanoff continues to command several teams from around the galaxy in the Avengers headquarters, which Joe Russo explained was stemmed from her inability to move on from their failure to stop Thanos, saying, \"she's doing everything she can to try and hold the community together... She's the watcher on the wall still."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame, which was widely anticipated for months before its release, had a substantial cultural impact."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with Marvel's largest marketing campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Convention Center on April 22, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In June 2016, Alan Silvestri, who composed the score for The Avengers, was revealed to be returning to score both Infinity War and Endgame."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame earned $357.1 million in its opening weekend, breaking Infinity War's record by nearly $100 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Avengers: Endgame grossed $858.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.939 billion in other territories, for a worldwide total of $2.8 billion."
}
] |
Avengers: Endgame stems from a DC Comics super hero group.
| 0 | 0 |
Avengers: Endgame
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, Forbes estimated the club was the fifth most valuable in the world at $2.69 billion, The club is owned by the City Football Group, a British-based holding company valued at £3.73 (US$4.8) billion in November 2019 following a 10% stake sale to Silver Lake."
}
] |
diTYMLfB06PqI0pdoNq4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester City Football Club is an English football club based in Manchester that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, Forbes estimated the club was the fifth most valuable in the world at $2.69 billion, The club is owned by the City Football Group, a British-based holding company valued at £3.73 (US$4.8) billion in November 2019 following a 10% stake sale to Silver Lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances | City Football Group",
"text": "Through the City Football Group, City owns stakes in a number of clubs: Melbourne City FC (2014–present)On"
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances | City Football Group",
"text": "Mumbai City FC is the professional football club based in Mumbai, competing in the Indian Super League."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances | City Football Group",
"text": "Mumbai City FC (2019–present)City Football Group was announced as majority stakeholder of Mumbai City on Thursday 28 November 2019 after acquiring 65% of the club."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances | City Football Group",
"text": "Another 44.3% was held by the Girona Football Group, led by Pere Guardiola, brother of Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances | City Football Group",
"text": "Created in the 2013–14 season to manage the global footballing interests of Abu Dhabi United Group, the City Football Group (CFG) is an umbrella corporation owning stakes in a network of global clubs for the purposes of resource sharing, academy networking and marketing."
},
{
"section_header": "Club badge and colours",
"text": "A booklet entitled Famous Football Clubs –"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded in 1880 as St. Mark's (West Gorton), it became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances | City Football Group",
"text": "August 2017 it was announced that the City Football Group had acquired 44.3% of Segunda División side Girona FC."
}
] |
Manchester City football club is in the top 10 of valuable football clubs on Earth.
| 0 | 2 |
Manchester City F.C.
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | pH",
"text": "Milk from other bovines and non-bovine mammals varies in composition, but has a similar pH."
}
] |
digFDLg8sck5yp6fcrb1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | pH",
"text": "The pH of milk ranges from 6.4 to 6.8 and it changes over time."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | pH",
"text": "Milk from other bovines and non-bovine mammals varies in composition, but has a similar pH."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | Lipids",
"text": "Diameter may also vary between animals within a species and at different times within a milking of a single animal."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties and brands | Spoilage and fermented milk products",
"text": "The reduced pH from lactic acid accumulation denatures proteins and causes the milk to undergo a variety of different transformations in appearance and texture, ranging from an aggregate to smooth consistency."
},
{
"section_header": "Production worldwide | Production yields",
"text": "The milk yield per cow depended on production systems, nutrition of the cows, and only to a minor extent different genetic potential of the animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | Proteins | Caseins",
"text": "Each casein micelle is roughly spherical and about a tenth of a micrometer across."
},
{
"section_header": "Non-culinary uses",
"text": "In other recipes, borax is mixed with milk's casein protein in order to activate the casein and as a preservative."
},
{
"section_header": "Non-culinary uses",
"text": "Hairstylist Danny Jelaca states that milk's keratin proteins may \"add weight to the hair\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Environmental impact",
"text": "A 2012 study found that 98 percent of milk's footprint can be traced back to the cows food."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | Sugars and carbohydrates",
"text": "The lactose gives milk its sweet taste and contributes approximately 40% of whole cow's milk's calories."
}
] |
Milk's pH is very different from each kind of animal.
| 2 | 2 |
Milk
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City."
}
] |
djMhFPjrcb4B4Z65tQ9e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage",
"text": "Both Olympic and Titanic registered Liverpool as their home port."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage",
"text": "The Southampton-Cherbourg-New York run would become so popular that most British ocean liners began using the port after World War I. Out of respect for Liverpool, ships continued to be registered there until the early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage",
"text": "The offices of the White Star Line as well as Cunard were in Liverpool, and up until the introduction of the Olympic, most British ocean liners for both Cunard and White Star, such as Lusitania and Mauretania, sailed out of Liverpool followed by a port of call in Queenstown, Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Atlantic crossing",
"text": "One of the ships to warn Titanic was the Atlantic Line's Mesaba."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage",
"text": "In addition to Teutonic and Majestic, the RMS Oceanic and the brand new RMS Adriatic sailed the route."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time she entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors."
},
{
"section_header": "Replicas",
"text": "The RMS Olympic was the sister ship of the Titanic."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Built in Belfast, Ireland, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it was then known), the RMS Titanic was the second of the three Olympic-class ocean liners—the first was the RMS Olympic and the third was the HMHS Britannic."
}
] |
RMS Titanic was a passenger ship that sank in the Atlantic Ocean after it left from its home port of Liverpool.
| 5 | 5 |
RMS Titanic
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": ", West was asked by Kimmel if he would consider himself to be a Christian music artist now that he had committed himself fully to Christianity, and he replied, \"I'm just a Christian everything\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "And I will say that I fall short every day."
}
] |
djYYPCrp6Ln1JKdOxyDc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": ", West was asked by Kimmel if he would consider himself to be a Christian music artist now that he had committed himself fully to Christianity, and he replied, \"I'm just a Christian everything\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "And I will say that I fall short every day."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "\"In 2014, West referred to himself as a Christian during one of his concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–06: The College Dropout and Late Registration",
"text": "Late Registration sold over 2.3 million units in the United States alone by the end of 2005 and was considered by industry observers as the only successful major album release of the fall season, which had been plagued by steadily declining CD sales."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present: Ye, Jesus Is King, and further collaborations",
"text": "By October of the same year the whole leaked unfinished album was available for a short time on streaming services like Spotify and Tidal but were shortly taken down."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "His wife Kim Kardashian described West's Christian new birth experience in September 2019: \"Kanye started this to really heal himself and it was a really personal thing, and it was just friends and family... He has had an amazing evolution of being born again and being saved by Christ.\" In October 2019, West said with respect to his past, \"When I was trying to serve multiple gods it drove me crazy\" in reference to the \"god of ego, god of money, god of pride, the god of fame\", and that \"I didn't even know what it meant to be saved\" and that now \"I love Jesus Christ."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "Yeah Yeah Yeahs, and Fall Out"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "In January 2019, West re-affirmed his Christian faith on Twitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present: Ye, Jesus Is King, and further collaborations",
"text": "On the US charts, the album became the first to ever top the Billboard 200, Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, Top Rap Albums, Top Christian Albums and Top Gospel Albums at the same time."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting and filmmaking",
"text": "The Cleveland Show. In 2009, he starred in the Spike Jonze-directed short film"
}
] |
Kanya West considers himself to be a Christian that falls short all the time.
| 2 | 3 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After suffering a series of strokes and congestive heart failure, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home in Citrus Hills, Florida."
}
] |
dkGm98Gr7tHOkVdpA91H
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After suffering a series of strokes and congestive heart failure, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home in Citrus Hills, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Williams' brother Danny and his son John-Henry both died of leukemia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of 8, he was taught how to throw a baseball by his uncle, Saul Venzor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1957 and 1958 at the ages of 39 and 40, respectively, he was the AL batting champion for the fifth and sixth time."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "Gibson died early in 1947 and thus never played in the majors; and Paige's brief major league stint came long past his prime as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953) | 1956–1960",
"text": "In 1957, Williams batted .388 to lead the Major Leagues, and at the age of 40 in 1958, he led the American League with a .328 batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps",
"text": "Afterwards, the public reaction was extremely negative, even though the baseball book Season of '42 states only four All-Stars and one first-line pitcher entered military service during the 1942 season. (Many more MLB players would enter service during the 1943 season.)Quaker Oats stopped sponsoring Williams, and Williams, who previously had eaten Quaker products \"all the time\", never \"[ate] one since\" the company stopped sponsoring him."
}
] |
Ted Williams died of cardiac arrest at the age of 85.
| 1 | 2 |
Ted Williams
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
}
] |
dkH8rhJswvumUvleJ8Bl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind was selected as the #5 Best Sci-Fi Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "\"If we can talk to aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", he said, \"why not with the Reds in the Cold War?\" Sleeping is the final obstacle to overcome in the ascent of Devils Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is derived from Ufologist J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the third kind denotes human observations of aliens or \"animate beings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"I hung my story on the mood the song created, the way it affected me personally.\" During pre-production, the title was changed from Kingdom Come to Close Encounters of the Third Kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reissues and home media",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind: The Special Edition was released in August 1980, making a further $15.7 million, accumulating a final $303.7 million box office gross."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Richard Dreyfuss as Roy Neary, an electrical lineman in Indiana who encounters and forms an obsession with unidentified flying objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "It was satirized in the 200th issue of Mad, July 1978, by Stan Hart and Mort Drucker as Clod Encounters of the Absurd Kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "Spielberg's screenplay, Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon and the visual effects department received nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters was a long-cherished project for Spielberg."
}
] |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a movie by Richard Linklater.
| 0 | 0 |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (animated)",
"text": "Akage no An (1979; Red-Haired Anne), an animated television series, part of Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater, produced in Japan and directed by Isao Takahata. Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2001),"
}
] |
dkvQtec7Z7rgrQDUd7Mx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery (published as L.M. Montgomery)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honours",
"text": "Postage stampsOn May 15, 1975, Canada Post issued Lucy Maud Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables designed by Peter Swan and typographed by Bernard N.J. Reilander."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honours",
"text": "In the first book, Lucy Maud Montgomery established the cordial soda as the favorite beverage of Anne, who declares: \"I just love bright red drinks!\" BuildingsThe popularity of the books and subsequent film adaptations is credited with inspiring the design and naming of buildings \"Green Gables\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (animated)",
"text": "Anne: Journey to Green Gables (2005), an animated video film produced by Sullivan Entertainment and the prequel to Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2001–2002) Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables (2009), part of the World Masterpiece Theater, this prequel to Akage"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (animated)",
"text": "Akage no An (1979; Red-Haired Anne), an animated television series, part of Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater, produced in Japan and directed by Isao Takahata. Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2001),"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication History",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables was first published by L.C. Page & Co. of Boston on June 13, 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Avonlea's locals",
"text": "Once, he punished Anne for losing her temper with Gilbert Blythe."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism and merchandising",
"text": "' Anne' is revered as \"an icon\" in Japan, especially since 1979 when this story was broadcast as anime, Anne of Green Gables."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honours",
"text": "MuseumBala's Museum, located in Bala, Ontario, Canada, is a house museum established in 1992 and dedicated to Lucy M. Montgomery information and heritage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films (theatrical) | List",
"text": "Akage no An: Akage no An: Green Gables e no Michi (1989, released in 2010) Red-haired Anne: Road to Green Gables - anime, directed by Isao Takahata."
}
] |
The 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery was done as an anime once.
| 0 | 0 |
Anne of Green Gables
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972."
}
] |
dl0feFa7z84cjZBKhsKx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "New York: Quintet Publishing Limited."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Tokyo Dome Live in Concert, North American Tour and hiatus",
"text": "I don't know if he's living in New York or Japan or wherever he is."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2014: A Different Kind of Truth",
"text": "On January 5, 2012, Van Halen played an intimate club gig at New York City's Cafe Wha? which received widespread praise from media and fans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "Simmons then produced a Van Halen demo tape with recording beginning at the Village Recorder studios in Los Angeles and finished with overdubs at the Electric Lady Studios in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Second reunion with Roth",
"text": "On March 12, 2007, the band was inducted at a ceremony held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "World Tour Van Halen World Vacation Tour (1979) Van Halen World Invasion Tour (1980) Fair Warning Tour (1981) Hide Your Sheep Tour (1982–1983) 1984"
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "Van Halen (1978) Van Halen II (1979) Women and Children First (1980) Fair Warning (1981) Diver Down (1982) 1984 (1984) Van Halen (1978) Van Halen II (1979) Women and Children First (1980) Fair Warning (1981) Diver Down (1982) 1984 (1984) 5150 (1986) OU812 (1988) For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991) Balance (1995) Van Halen III (1998) A Different Kind of Truth (2012) Early Van Halen concert tours (1974–1978) Van Halen 1978"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1985: David Lee Roth era",
"text": "But in 1981, during the recording of the Fair Warning album, tensions rose."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Second reunion with Roth",
"text": "The Van Halen News Desk announced on February 15, 2007, that a Van Halen"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2014: A Different Kind of Truth",
"text": "The new album would be the first full-length Van Halen album since 1998's Van Halen III and the first new music from the band since the three new songs from the 2004's Best of Both Worlds compilation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972."
}
] |
Van Halen began in New York in 1981.
| 1 | 5 |
Van Halen
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized."
}
] |
dm4ej9Bie5YOYrUHh6xi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "About 80% of all known mollusc species are gastropods."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "About 200,000 living species in total are estimated, and 70,000 fossil species, although the total number of mollusc species ever to have existed, whether or not preserved, must be many times greater than the number alive today."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusc species can also represent hazards or pests for human activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "Other characteristics that commonly appear in textbooks have significant exceptions: Estimates of accepted described living species of molluscs vary from 50,000 to a maximum of 120,000 species."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Harmful to humans | Disease vectors",
"text": "The parasite itself is not a mollusc, but all the species have freshwater snails as intermediate hosts."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "In 2009, Chapman estimated the number of described living mollusc species at 85,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction",
"text": "A number of species of molluscs can bite or sting humans, and some have become agricultural pests."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The proportion of undescribed species is very high."
}
] |
There is approximately 85,000 species of molluscs.
| 1 | 2 |
Mollusca
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 – 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century."
}
] |
dmKZn80TTYOs4AZo7tt9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early virtuoso career",
"text": "great artists, but Thalberg is the creator of a new art which I do not know how to compare to anything that existed before him ... Thalberg is not only the premier pianist of the world, he is also an extremely distinguished composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 – 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Little is known about Thalberg's childhood and early youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Early virtuoso career",
"text": "According to Rudolph Apponyi's diary, Thalberg made a profit of 10,000 Francs, a sum which no virtuoso had gained before from a single concert."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | 1840–1848",
"text": "In his review of Thalberg's second concert he wrote, Thalberg would in 100 years have been canonized, and by all coming pianists be invoked with name of Holy Thalberg."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | Interlude",
"text": "He also taught Bériot's son, the pianist Charles-Wilfrid de Bériot."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | 1840–1848",
"text": "In March 1843 Heinrich Heine wrote about Thalberg: His performance is so gentlemanly, so entirely without any forced acting the genius, so entirely without that well-known brashness that makes a poor cover for inner insecurity."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | First steps",
"text": "Thalberg invited Liszt for dinner, and the two great pianists dined together on the 28th with Prince Moritz Dietrichstein, who told Liszt, that he was delighted to have \"Castor and Pollux\" together in his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Early virtuoso career",
"text": "In November 1835 Thalberg arrived in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Early virtuoso career",
"text": "Thalberg was praised by many of the most prominent artists, among them Rossini and Meyerbeer."
}
] |
Thalberg was known for being a virtuoso pianist.
| 0 | 0 |
Sigismond Thalberg
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Canada is the world's tenth-largest economy as of 2018, with a nominal GDP of approximately US$1.73 trillion."
}
] |
dmSIg7m7AebQRlRVZas4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Canada has a mixed economy ranking above the U.S. and most western European nations on The Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom, and experiencing a relatively low level of income disparity."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Canada's population density, at 3.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.6/sq mi), is among the lowest in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early 20th century",
"text": "Despite another Conscription Crisis in Quebec in 1944, Canada finished the war with a large army and strong economy."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Canada is the world's tenth-largest economy as of 2018, with a nominal GDP of approximately US$1.73 trillion."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "It is one of the least corrupt countries in the world, and is one of the world's top ten trading nations, with a highly globalized economy."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Like many other developed countries, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Canada has a large number of Universities, almost all of which are publicly funded."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Since the early 20th century, the growth of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning \"village\" or \"settlement\"."
}
] |
Despite it's low population density, it economy comes in at number 9 after Brazil.
| 3 | 4 |
Canada
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clara Josephine Schumann ([ˈklaːʀa ˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher."
}
] |
dmjfho5iTsLBREcManFK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | \"War of the Romantics\"",
"text": "Clara, in contrast, came to believe that the personality of the musician should be suppressed so that the composer's vision would be clearly evident to listeners."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Concert tours",
"text": "\" On this occasion, the musicians were not \"treated as inferiors\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Performance repertoire",
"text": "As a chamber musician, she often gave concerts with violinist Joachim."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film",
"text": "Clara Schumann has been portrayed on screen many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "In March 1854, Brahms, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, and Julius Otto Grimm spent time with Clara Schumann, playing music for her and with her to divert her mind from the tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Johannes Brahms",
"text": "Their relationship has been interpreted as somewhere between friendship and love, and Brahms always maintained the utmost respect for her, as a woman and a talented musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "Robert and Clara decided to go to court and sue him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After Robert Schumann's early death, she continued her concert tours in Europe for decades, frequently with the violinist Joseph Joachim and other chamber musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Concert tours",
"text": "Clara Schumann first toured England in April 1856, while her husband was still living but unable to travel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An image of Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 1989 to 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clara Josephine Schumann ([ˈklaːʀa ˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher."
}
] |
Clara Schumann is a Slovakian musician.
| 0 | 4 |
Clara Schumann
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The mainland within the city limits roughly forms a \"seven-by-seven-mile square\", a common local colloquialism referring to the city's shape, though its total area, including water, is nearly 232 square miles (600 km2)."
}
] |
dntZWkVNUFilaaUVaesz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Such land tends to be unstable during earthquakes."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment and recreation | Beaches and parks",
"text": "The GGNRA also administers Fort Funston, Lands End, Fort Mason, and Alcatraz."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Under Mexican rule, the mission system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education, households, and income",
"text": "San Francisco also has the highest percentage of same-sex households of any American county, with the Bay Area having a higher concentration than any other metropolitan area."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2017, GDP in the five-county San Francisco metropolitan area grew 3.4% to $501 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and government | International relations",
"text": "A total of 41 consulates general and 23 honorary consulates have offices in the San Francisco Bay Area."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and contemporary life | LGBT",
"text": "Survey data released in 2015 by Gallup place the proportion of the San Francisco metro area at 6.2%, which is the highest such proportion observed of the 50 most populous metropolitan areas as measured by the polling organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Cityscape | Neighborhoods",
"text": "Directly north of Pacific Heights facing the waterfront is the Marina, a neighborhood popular with young professionals that was largely built on reclaimed land from the Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2016, the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita, labor productivity, and household income levels in the OECD."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The mainland within the city limits roughly forms a \"seven-by-seven-mile square\", a common local colloquialism referring to the city's shape, though its total area, including water, is nearly 232 square miles (600 km2)."
}
] |
San Francisco is basically a 7mi x 7mi area of land.
| 0 | 0 |
San Francisco
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Notable historical events along the road | The crucifixion of Spartacus' army",
"text": "Slavery accounted for roughly every third person in Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable historical events along the road | The crucifixion of Spartacus' army",
"text": "In 71 BC, 6,000 slaves were crucified along the 200-kilometer (120 mi) Via Appia from Rome to Capua."
}
] |
do0dS43FeV9aEYnK9n7P
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Across the marsh",
"text": "No one enjoyed crossing the marsh."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria",
"text": "The battle was costly for both sides, prompting Pyrrhus to remark \"One more such victory"
},
{
"section_header": "Notable historical events along the road | The World War II battle of Anzio",
"text": "The battle lasted for four months, one side being supplied by sea, the other by land through Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria",
"text": "Appius Claudius died in 273, but in extending the road a number of times, no one has tried to displace his name upon it."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "A new Appian Way was built in parallel with the old one in 1784 as far as the Alban Hills region."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "Along or close to the part of the road closest to Rome, there are three catacombs of Roman and early Christian origin and one of Jewish origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable historical events along the road | The crucifixion of Spartacus' army",
"text": "The Romans judged that the slaves had forfeited their right to live."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Along the coast",
"text": "The Via Appia picked up the coastal road at Tarracina (Terracina)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | The barrier of the Pontine Marshes",
"text": "They gave up the attempted alliance and settled with Samnium."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable historical events along the road | The crucifixion of Spartacus' army",
"text": "Slavery accounted for roughly every third person in Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable historical events along the road | The crucifixion of Spartacus' army",
"text": "In 71 BC, 6,000 slaves were crucified along the 200-kilometer (120 mi) Via Appia from Rome to Capua."
}
] |
At one point, a full 33% of Italy was slaves, six-thousand of whom were put up on crosses to line the sides of this road.
| 1 | 6 |
Appian Way
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He buys a house in Beverly Hills, planning to stay there while his wife and two daughters remain in Scarsdale, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Gangster Bugsy Siegel, who works for Meyer Lansky and Charlie Luciano, goes to Los Angeles and instantly falls in love with Virginia Hill, a tough-talking Hollywood starlet."
}
] |
doEjrWtH703QlUlsl9b5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bugsy is a 1991 American biographical film directed by Barry Levinson which tells the story of mobster Bugsy Siegel and his relationship with Virginia Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The driver is paid to leave town."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains: Bugsy Siegel –"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Beatty's desire to make and star in a film about Bugsy Siegel can be traced all the way back to the late 1970s and early 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He buys a house in Beverly Hills, planning to stay there while his wife and two daughters remain in Scarsdale, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four of four stars, saying \"Bugsy moves with a lightness that belies its strength."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Under pressure from Warner Bros., who Beatty learned also had a Bugsy Siegel script ready to be produced, Beatty pursued Toback to write a script based on his lost document."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Gangster Bugsy Siegel, who works for Meyer Lansky and Charlie Luciano, goes to Los Angeles and instantly falls in love with Virginia Hill, a tough-talking Hollywood starlet."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Beatty stated that of all the characters he played in films, such as Clyde Barrow in Bonnie and Clyde and John Reed in Reds, he felt that he was the right actor to play both Bugsy and Hughes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lansky is waiting for Bugsy outside the jail."
}
] |
In the film Bugsy, Bugsy Siegel leaves his wife.
| 0 | 0 |
Bugsy
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I."
}
] |
doVgA5eGnpGv0tKyKGqI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "The Divan, in the years when the Ottoman state was still a Beylik, was composed of the elders of the tribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Intercultural marriages also played a part in creating the characteristic Ottoman elite culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of the Empire to create and experiment with different ingredients."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922) | Young Turk movement",
"text": "The Empire faced continuous unrest in the years leading up to World War I, including the Ottoman countercoup of 1909, the 31 March Incident and two further coups in 1912 and 1913."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and modernization (1828–1908)",
"text": "The Christian population of the empire, owing to their higher educational levels, started to pull ahead of the Muslim majority, leading to much resentment on the part of the latter."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiographical debate on the Ottoman state",
"text": "Other historians have followed the lead of the Austrian historian Paul Wittek who emphasized the Islamic character of the Ottoman state, seeing the Ottoman state as a \"Jihad state\" dedicated to expanding the world of Islam."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "When compared to the Turkish folk culture, the influence of these new cultures in creating the culture of the Ottoman elite was clear."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music and performing arts",
"text": "In the provinces, several different kinds of folk music were created."
}
] |
The Ottoman Empire was created by a Turkoman tribe lead.
| 0 | 0 |
Ottoman Empire
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Alec Guinness, (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor."
}
] |
dp5KzHuFmsxoaFlqJgvL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film career | David Lean",
"text": "Guinness won particular acclaim for his work with director David Lean, which today is his most critically acclaimed work."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career",
"text": "In 1952, director Ronald Neame cast Guinness in his first romantic lead role, opposite Petula Clark in The Card."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | David Lean",
"text": "At that time, Guinness \"mistrusted\" Lean and considered the formerly close relationship to be strained—although, at his funeral, he recalled that the famed director had been \"charming and affable\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Star Wars",
"text": "He negotiated a deal for 2.25% of the gross royalties paid to the director, George Lucas, who received one-fifth of the box office takings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He collaborated six times with director David Lean: Herbert Pocket in Great Expectations (1946), Fagin in Oliver Twist (1948), Col. Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor), Prince Faisal in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), General Yevgraf Zhivago in Doctor Zhivago (1965), and Professor Godbole in A Passage to India (1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Guinness was born Alec Guinness de Cuffe at 155 Lauderdale Mansions South, Lauderdale Road, Maida Vale in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Guinness began his stage career in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Alec Guinness, (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Guinness married the artist, playwright, and actress Merula Silvia Salaman (1914–2000) in 1938; in 1940, they had a son, Matthew Guinness, who later became an actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Guinness was far from fluent in French, and the child apparently did not notice that Guinness did not understand him but took his hand and chattered while the two strolled; the child then waved and trotted off."
}
] |
Guinness was a director from England.
| 0 | 2 |
Alec Guinness
|
Popular Culture
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The author had claimed that he based the book on his own personal experiences"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "but this was found to be untrue after his death; Llewellyn was English-born and spent little time in Wales, though he was of Welsh descent."
}
] |
dpM8uf5pPzDIoJlezhSm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The author had claimed that he based the book on his own personal experiences"
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Down Where the Moon is Small (1966) – Huw's life in Argentina Green, Green"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Directed by John Ford, How Green Was My Valley was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It tells the story of the Morgans, a respectable mining family of the South Wales Valleys, through the eyes of one of the sons, Huw Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One of Huw's three sisters, Angharad, marries the wealthy mine owner's son – whom she does not love – and the marriage is an unhappy one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The phrase is used again in the novel's last sentence: \"How green was my Valley then, and the Valley of them that have gone.\" In the United States, Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is first used in Chapter Thirty, after the narrator has had his first sexual experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "but this was found to be untrue after his death; Llewellyn was English-born and spent little time in Wales, though he was of Welsh descent."
}
] |
The writer falsely claims that How Green How Green Was My Valley is based on his own life experiences living in the mining community.
| 4 | 9 |
How Green Was My Valley
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Joplin wrote his rags as \"classical\" music in miniature form in order to raise ragtime above its \"cheap bordello\" origins and produced work that opera historian Elise Kirk described as, \"... more tuneful, contrapuntal, infectious, and harmonically colorful than any others of his era."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions and was dubbed the King of Ragtime."
}
] |
dqYhNrHAA4iFbBXurVwB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "the later compositions were not simple copies, but were distinctly new works, which used dissonance, chromatic sections and the blues third."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Joplin wrote his rags as \"classical\" music in miniature form in order to raise ragtime above its \"cheap bordello\" origins and produced work that opera historian Elise Kirk described as, \"... more tuneful, contrapuntal, infectious, and harmonically colorful than any others of his era."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "\"By 1916, Joplin was suffering from tertiary syphilis but more specifically"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He attempted to go beyond the limitations of the musical form that had made him famous but without much monetary success."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "Poorly staged and with only Joplin on piano accompaniment, it was \"a miserable failure\" to a public not ready for \"crude\" black musical forms—so different from the European grand opera of that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Treemonisha",
"text": "The opera has been seen as a valuable record of rural black music from late 19th century re-created by a \"skilled and sensitive participant."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Treemonisha",
"text": "\" Curtis's conclusion is similar: \"In the end, Treemonisha offered a celebration of literacy, learning, hard work, and community solidarity as the best formula for advancing the race.\" Berlin describes it as a \"...fine opera, certainly more interesting than most operas then being written in the United States,\" but later states that Joplin's own libretto showed the composer, \"...was not a competent dramatist,\" with the book not up to the quality of the music."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "Vera Brodsky Lawrence of the New York Public Library published a two-volume set of Joplin works in June 1971, entitled The Collected Works of Scott Joplin, stimulating a wider interest in the performance of Joplin's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Treemonisha",
"text": "Treemonisha is not a ragtime opera—because Joplin employed the styles of ragtime and other black music sparingly, using them to convey \"racial character,\" and to celebrate the music of his childhood at the end of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "The group subsequently recorded two more albums for Golden Crest Records: More Scott Joplin Rags in 1974 and The Road From Rags"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions and was dubbed the King of Ragtime."
}
] |
Joplin was a late joiner in the Ragtime game of music and none of that landed with the public, he was more famous for his later works in Blues.
| 0 | 0 |
Scott Joplin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"aparthood\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 until the early 1990s."
}
] |
dqwnjYFwGKb61B7A7atj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Coloured classification",
"text": "These separate arrangements continued until the abolition of apartheid."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | Impact of the Cold War | \"Total Onslaught\" | Israeli arms sales",
"text": "In 1968, national service for White South African men lasted nine months at minimum, and they could be called up for reserve duty into their late-middle age if necessary."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years of apartheid | Reforms and contact with the ANC under Botha",
"text": "The government's stance was that they would not contemplate negotiating until those organisations \"renounced violence\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Institution | Legislation",
"text": "Until then, most settlements had people of different races living side by side."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Conservatism",
"text": "Television was not introduced until 1976 because the government viewed English programming as a threat to the Afrikaans language."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Asians during apartheid",
"text": "Indonesians arrived at the Cape of Good Hope as slaves until the abolishment of slavery during the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "State security | State of emergency",
"text": "The state of emergency continued until 1990 when it was lifted by State President F.W. de Klerk."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the rapid growth and industrialisation of the British Cape Colony, racial policies and laws which had previously been relatively relaxed became increasingly rigid, discriminating specifically against black Africans, in the last decade of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Institution | Legislation",
"text": "Until 1956 women were for the most part excluded from these pass requirements, as attempts to introduce pass laws for women were met with fierce resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Population Registration Act, 1950 classified all South Africans into one of four racial groups based on appearance, known ancestry, socioeconomic status, and cultural lifestyle: \"Black\", \"White\", \"Coloured\", and \"Indian\", the last two of which included several sub-classifications."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"aparthood\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 until the early 1990s."
}
] |
Apartheid lasted until 2000s.
| 0 | 0 |
Apartheid
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Massacres | In the provinces",
"text": "In some cities the massacres were led by the mob, while the city authorities tried to suppress them, and in others small groups of soldiers and officials began rounding up Protestants with little mob involvement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion."
}
] |
drDDGXwwNI5dgerBsF0m
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the royal family",
"text": "Over the centuries, the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre has inevitably aroused a great deal of controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "The man, true to his beliefs, gently refuses her."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the royal family",
"text": "Charles IX was thus forced to head off the potential riot, which was the work of the Guises, the city militia and the common people."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the religious factions",
"text": "According to Reuters and the Associated Press, at a late-night vigil, with the hundreds of thousands of young people who were in Paris for the celebrations, he made the following comments: \"On the eve of Aug. 24, we cannot forget the sad massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, an event of very obscure causes in the political and religious history of France. ... Christians did things which the Gospel condemns."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "\"The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the events surrounding it were incorporated into D.W. Griffith's film Intolerance (1916)."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the religious factions",
"text": "With these words, the most popular preacher in Paris legitimised in advance the events of St. Bartholomew's Day\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacres | In the provinces",
"text": "In some cities the massacres were led by the mob, while the city authorities tried to suppress them, and in others small groups of soldiers and officials began rounding up Protestants with little mob involvement."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the religious factions",
"text": "Thus, some modern historians have stressed the critical and incendiary role that militant preachers played in shaping ordinary lay beliefs, both Catholic and Protestant."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacres | Paris",
"text": "The common people began to hunt Protestants throughout the city, including women and children."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Who entitled The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion."
}
] |
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre was over a bunch of people trying to force their beliefs on other people and they killed those with different beliefs.
| 0 | 0 |
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another."
}
] |
drY22GiSOJYwwDAbprFD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "One of them is Xiphinema index, vector of grapevine fanleaf virus, an important disease of grapes, another one is Xiphinema diversicaudatum, vector of arabis mosaic virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Rotations of plants with nematode-resistant species or varieties is one means of managing parasitic nematode infestations."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Another is treatment with natural antagonists such as the fungus Gliocladium roseum."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "A major effort to improve the systematics of this phylum is in progress and being organised by the 959 Nematode Genomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "One form of nematode is entirely dependent upon fig wasps, which are the sole source of fig fertilization."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "The old group \"Chromadoria\" seems to be another paraphyletic assemblage, with the Monhysterida representing a very ancient minor group of nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The location of towns would be decipherable since, for every massing of human beings, there would be a corresponding massing of certain nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "For example, marigolds, grown over one or more seasons (the effect is cumulative), can be used to control nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Epidemiology",
"text": "A number of intestinal nematodes cause diseases affecting human beings, including ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm disease."
}
] |
Nematode species can be hard to identify from one another.
| 2 | 7 |
Nematoda
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Ernest Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls in Havana, Cuba; Key West, Florida; and Sun Valley, Idaho, in 1939."
}
] |
drYWN9g0YZ4HUqJCfNjU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Main themes",
"text": "Then you have a Communism in your country?' '"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and critical reaction | Language",
"text": "Thus, Hemingway uses \"thou\", archaic in English, to communicate the important difference in Spanish between the \"familiar\" pronoun \"tú\" and the \"formal\" \"usted\" (see T-V distinction)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and critical reaction | Language",
"text": "In another odd stylistic variance, Hemingway referred to foul language (used with some frequency by different characters in the novel) with \"unprintable\" and \"obscenity\" and substitutes \"muck\" for fuck in the dialogue and thoughts of the characters although foul language is used freely in Spanish even when its equivalent is censored in English (such as joder, me cago)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and in popular culture",
"text": "the Bell Tolls, and his relationship with the American novelist, travel writer and war correspondent Martha Gellhorn, who he credited with having inspired him to write the novel, and to whom he dedicated it."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and in popular culture",
"text": "In October 2014, the novel was dramatized in a two-part series on BBC Radio 4.In 2019, Dav Pilkey adapted the title and story of For whom the bell tolls to make Dog Man, For whom the ball rolls."
},
{
"section_header": "Main themes",
"text": "As the book ends, Robert Jordan, wounded and unable to travel with his companions, awaits a final ambush that will end his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "While Pilar, Pablo, and other guerrillas attack the posts at the two ends of the bridge, Jordan and Anselmo plant and detonate the dynamite, costing Anselmo his life when he is hit by a piece of shrapnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Main themes",
"text": "Continence is the foe of heresy.\" Later in the book, Robert Jordan explains the threat of fascism in his own country. \" Robert Jordan, wiping out the stew bowl with bread, explained how the income tax and inheritance tax worked. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "An experienced dynamiter, he is ordered by a Soviet general to travel behind enemy lines and destroy a bridge with the aid of a band of local anti-fascist guerrillas to prevent enemy troops from responding to an upcoming offensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Ernest Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls in Havana, Cuba; Key West, Florida; and Sun Valley, Idaho, in 1939."
}
] |
Hemingway penned the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls in two different countries.
| 0 | 1 |
For Whom the Bell Tolls
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Hindu philosophy, it is the union of or the realization of the identity of Atman with Brahman, depending on the Hindu tradition."
}
] |
drqciw6cMPRzwinGRnyT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Hindu philosophy, it is the union of or the realization of the identity of Atman with Brahman, depending on the Hindu tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "It is the state of release or liberation; the union with the Brahman."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "Nirvana in Buddhism is \"stilling mind, cessation of desires, and action\" unto emptiness, states Jeaneane Fowler, while nirvana in post-Buddhist Hindu texts is also \"stilling mind but not inaction\" and \"not emptiness\", rather it is the knowledge of true Self (Atman) and the acceptance of its universality and unity with metaphysical Brahman."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "This may have been deliberate use of words in early Buddhism, suggests Collins, since Atman and Brahman were described in Vedic texts and Upanishads with the imagery of fire, as something good, desirable and liberating."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "The ancient soteriological concept in Hinduism is moksha, described as the liberation from the cycle of birth and death through self-knowledge and the eternal connection of Atman (soul, self) and metaphysical Brahman."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "According to Mahatma Gandhi, the Hindu and Buddhist understanding of nirvana are different because the nirvana of the Buddhists is shunyata, emptiness, but the nirvana of the Gita means peace and that is why it is described as brahma-nirvana (oneness with Brahman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "Liberation is described as identical to anatta (anatman, non-self, lack of any self)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "Hinduism has the concept of Atman – the soul, self – asserted to exist in every living being, while Buddhism asserts through its anatman doctrine that there is no Atman in any being."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "Nirvana is also described as identical to achieving sunyata (emptiness), where there is no essence or fundamental nature in anything, and everything is empty."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "The Buddha is believed in the Buddhist scholastic tradition to have realized two types of nirvana, one at enlightenment, and another at his death."
}
] |
In Hindu philosophy, it is the union of or the realization of the identity of Atman with Brahman.
| 3 | 6 |
Nirvana
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography and climate",
"text": "Located in Southern and Southeast Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa."
}
] |
dstPE98pYvLszYTKj7Ke
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and climate",
"text": "Located in Southern and Southeast Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Additionally, due to its political and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, Greece is a country of significant geostrategic importance, which it has leveraged to develop a regional policy to help promote peace and stability in the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic and Classical period",
"text": "Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch, Seleucia, and the many other new Hellenistic cities in Asia and Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Greece (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, [eˈlaða]), officially the Hellenic Republic, known also as Hellas, is a country located in Southeast Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern period | Greek War of Independence (1821–1832)",
"text": "After years of negotiation, three great powers, France, Russian Empire, and the United Kingdom, decided to intervene in the conflict and each nation sent a navy to Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern period | Kingdom of Greece",
"text": "All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Hellenic lands under Ottoman rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "The vast majority of visitors in Greece in 2007 came from the European continent, numbering 12.7 million, while the most visitors from a single nationality were those from the United Kingdom, (2.6 million), followed closely by those from Germany (2.3 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and early history",
"text": "The Apidima Cave in Mani, in southern Greece, contains the oldest remains of anatomically modern humans outside of Africa, dated to 210,000 years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and early history",
"text": "Neolithic settlements in Greece, dating from the 7th millennium BC, are the oldest in Europe by several centuries, as Greece lies on the route via which farming spread from the Near East to Europe."
}
] |
Greece is located at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and Africa and has land in each continent.
| 2 | 4 |
Greece
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series revolves around Sookie Stackhouse (Anna Paquin), a telepathic waitress living in the fictional rural town of Bon Temps, Louisiana."
}
] |
dtAJQxBAeRcZelmFf8ac
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Title sequence",
"text": "True Blood's Emmy-nominated title sequence is composed of portrayals of the show's Deep South setting, and runs to \"Bad Things\" by Jace Everett."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Both Nathan Barr and Jace Everett won 2009 awards from Broadcast Music Incorporated in the BMI Cable Awards category for, respectively, True Blood's original score and theme song."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 6 (2013)",
"text": "Season six focuses on Bill's abilities after he had drunk Lilith's blood."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Cultural influence",
"text": "The show's creator, Alan Ball, stated in the magazine, \"To me, vampires are sex... I don't get a vampire story about abstinence."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 1 (2008)",
"text": "The season also focuses on Sookie's relationship with Bill and Sam's relationship with Sookie's friend Tara."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "A MySpace account with the username \"Blood\" had, as of June 19, uploaded two videos; one entitled \"Vampire Taste Test – True Blood vs Human\", and one called \"BloodCopy Exclusive INTERVIEW WITH SAMSON THE VAMPIRE\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | Main characters",
"text": "but Tara's life begins to spin out of control."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Title sequence",
"text": "The sequence also features images and themes of death and rebirth; the circle of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "Part mystery, part fantasy, part comedy, and all wildly imaginative exaggeration, [True] Blood proves that there's still vibrant life — or death — left in the 'star-crossed cute lovers' paradigm."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Marketing",
"text": "To that end, the show also covered the modern vampire subculture and real-life vampire clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series revolves around Sookie Stackhouse (Anna Paquin), a telepathic waitress living in the fictional rural town of Bon Temps, Louisiana."
}
] |
True Blood's story focuses on Sookie Stackhouse's life.
| 3 | 6 |
True Blood
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio was founded in 2008 by Jeff Lawson, Evan Cooke, and John Wolthuis and was originally based in both Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California."
}
] |
dtSOaWfQTIg6Ma9Uy62a
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In March 2020, Twilio announced the appointment of Steve Pugh as Chief Security Officer and Glenn Weinstein as Chief Customer Officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions",
"text": "In October 2018, Twilio announced they were acquiring SendGrid, a Denver, Colorado-based customer communication platform for transactional and marketing email, for $2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Twilio was founded in 2008 by Jeff Lawson, Evan Cooke, and John Wolthuis and was originally based in both Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "An early example is GroupMe, which was founded in May 2010 at the TechCrunch Disrupt hackathon and uses Twilio's text messaging product to facilitate group chat."
},
{
"section_header": "Technology",
"text": "One month later, Twilio engineer"
},
{
"section_header": "Technology",
"text": "Twilio also sponsors Localtunnel, created by now"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "Twilio is known for its use of platform evangelism to acquire customers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "It raised $10.6 million in venture funding in January 2011.Following the success of the TechCrunch Disrupt hackathon, seed accelerator 500 Startups announced the Twilio Fund, a $250,000 \"micro-fund\" to provide seed money to startups using Twilio in September 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twilio () is a cloud communications platform as a service (CPaaS) company based in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions",
"text": "In February 2017, Twilio acquired Beepsend, a Swedish-based SMS messaging provider, for an undisclosed amount."
}
] |
Twilio was founded by 2 men in 2020.
| 0 | 4 |
Twilio
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "Although Newton's theory has been superseded by Albert Einstein's general relativity, most modern non-relativistic gravitational calculations are still made using Newton's theory because it is simpler to work with and it gives sufficiently accurate results for most applications involving sufficiently small masses, speeds and energies."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "A discrepancy in Mercury's orbit pointed out flaws in Newton's theory."
}
] |
dtTVfiiNHowqJ09KJgZa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "In 1687, English mathematician Sir Isaac Newton published Principia, which hypothesizes the inverse-square law of universal gravitation."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "A discrepancy in Mercury's orbit pointed out flaws in Newton's theory."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "Although Newton's theory has been superseded by Albert Einstein's general relativity, most modern non-relativistic gravitational calculations are still made using Newton's theory because it is simpler to work with and it gives sufficiently accurate results for most applications involving sufficiently small masses, speeds and energies."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "Newton's theory enjoyed its greatest success when it was used to predict the existence of Neptune based on motions of Uranus that could not be accounted for by the actions of the other planets."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Scientific revolution",
"text": "Galileo's work set the stage for the formulation of Newton's theory of gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "By the end of the 19th century, it was known that its orbit showed slight perturbations that could not be accounted for entirely under Newton's theory, but all searches for another perturbing body (such as a planet orbiting the Sun even closer than Mercury) had been fruitless."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Gravity and astronomy",
"text": "The application of Newton's law of gravity has enabled the acquisition of much of the detailed information we have about the planets in the Solar System, the mass of the Sun, and details of quasars; even the existence of dark matter is inferred using Newton's law of gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | General relativity | Solutions",
"text": "For radial distances from the center which are much greater than the Schwarzschild radius, the accelerations predicted by the Schwarzschild solution are practically identical to those predicted by Newton's theory of gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "The force of gravity on Earth is the resultant (vector sum) of two forces: (a) The gravitational attraction in accordance with Newton's universal law of gravitation, and (b) the centrifugal force, which results from the choice of an earthbound, rotating frame of reference."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative theories | Modern alternative theories",
"text": "String theory (late 1960s) ƒ(R) gravity (1970) Horndeski theory (1974) Supergravity (1976) In the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) (1981), Mordehai Milgrom proposes a modification of Newton's second law of motion for small accelerations"
}
] |
Newton's theory of gravity hasn't been altered since it was published.
| 0 | 0 |
Gravity
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Bunning returned to his native northern Kentucky and was elected to the Fort Thomas city council, then the Kentucky Senate, in which he served as minority leader."
}
] |
dtXt9cKWldXsqK0Gtc5t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Bunning became the fifth American League pitcher and the 10th pitcher in Major League history to accomplish an immaculate inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In the fifth inning, Phillies second baseman Tony Taylor preserved the perfect game with his strong defensive play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Paul David Bunning (October 23, 1931 – May 26, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher and politician who represented Kentucky in both chambers of the United States Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In his first season with the Phillies, Bunning entered play on June 21 with a 6–2 record on the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "At the time of Bunning's death, Tony Clark, then serving as MLBPA's executive director, praised Bunning's union activities: \"Recognizing the need to ensure that all players receive fair representation in their dealings with major league club owners, Jim, along with a number of his peers, helped pave the way for generations of players.\" On December 18, 2008, the Lexington Herald Leader reported that Sen. Bunning's non-profit foundation, the Jim Bunning Foundation, has given less than 25 percent of its proceeds to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Through the first four innings, Bunning totaled four strikeouts through 12 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Bunning also had a good day at the plate, hitting a double and driving in two runs in the sixth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Bunning played in Minor League Baseball from 1950 through 1954 and part of the 1955 season, when the Tigers club described him as having \"an excellent curve ball, a confusing delivery and a sneaky fast ball\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Manager Gene Mauch used Bunning and fellow hurler Chris Short heavily down the stretch, and the two became visibly fatigued as September wore on."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "On August 2, 1959, Bunning struck out three batters on nine pitches in the ninth inning of a 5–4 loss to the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Bunning returned to his native northern Kentucky and was elected to the Fort Thomas city council, then the Kentucky Senate, in which he served as minority leader."
}
] |
Jim Bunning became a politician in Kentucky after playing professional baseball.
| 0 | 3 |
Jim Bunning
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Respiration",
"text": "In some annelids, including earthworms, all respiration is via the skin."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Body wall, chaetae and parapodia",
"text": "These are secreted by the one-cell deep epidermis (outermost skin layer)."
}
] |
dtqdYAyMQ74HyvyivDhn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ecological significance",
"text": "The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881) presented the first scientific analysis of earthworms' contributions to soil fertility."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Body wall, chaetae and parapodia",
"text": "These are secreted by the one-cell deep epidermis (outermost skin layer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Body wall, chaetae and parapodia",
"text": "The setae (\"hairs\") of annelids project out from the epidermis to provide traction and other capabilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "Some polychaetes breed only once in their lives, while others breed almost continuously or through several breeding seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In species with incomplete septa or none, the blood circulates through the main body cavity without any kind of pump, and there is a wide range of locomotory techniques – some burrowing species turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves through the sediment."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Body wall, chaetae and parapodia",
"text": "Under the epidermis is the dermis, which is made of connective tissue, in other words a combination of cells and non-cellular materials such as collagen."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Body wall, chaetae and parapodia",
"text": "A few marine annelids that live in tubes lack cuticles, but their tubes have a similar structure, and mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis protect their skins."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Nervous system and senses",
"text": "However, in most polychaetes the two main nerve cords are fused, and in the tube-dwelling genus Owenia the single nerve chord has no ganglia and is located in the epidermis."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Respiration",
"text": "In some annelids, including earthworms, all respiration is via the skin."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction with humans",
"text": "Earthworms make a significant contribution to soil fertility."
}
] |
Earthworms breathe through their epidermis.
| 1 | 9 |
Annelida
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July, published in 1976, is the best-selling autobiography by Ron Kovic, a paralyzed Vietnam War veteran who became an anti-war activist."
}
] |
dtsCeTz1Eer48YxtBRm8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July was written in Santa Monica, California, during the fall of 1974 in exactly one month, three weeks and two days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July, published in 1976, is the best-selling autobiography by Ron Kovic, a paralyzed Vietnam War veteran who became an anti-war activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July, and \"loved the book a whole lot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Differences from the film adaptation",
"text": "The film portrays Kovic watching her protest after the Kent State Shootings and get beaten up by police."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "British singer Ed Sheeran references the title of the film in his rap verse in Taylor Swift's 2017 song \"End Game\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "I wanted them to know what it really meant to be in a war — to be shot and wounded, to be fighting for my life on the intensive care ward — not the myth we had grown up believing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kovic was born on July 4, 1946, and his book's ironic title echoed a famous line from George M. Cohan's patriotic 1904 song, \"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" (also known as \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Differences from the film adaptation",
"text": "In reality, this meeting never happened, but director Stone admits this was done to add to the inner conflict Kovic was going through and to give him some closure. Kyra Sedgwick's character of Donna, Ron's on-screen high school sweetheart, never existed and did not inspire him to become an anti-war activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "I wanted people to know about the hospitals and the enema room, about why I had become opposed to the war, why I had grown more and more committed to peace and nonviolence."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "It tells the story of Kovic's life growing up in Massapequa, New York, joining the United States Marine Corps right out of high school, going to Vietnam for two tours of duty, getting shot, finding himself paralyzed and in need of a wheelchair, and eventually starting a new life as a peace activist."
}
] |
Born on the Fourth of July is a film about man that fought in a war and ended up a paraplegic.
| 0 | 0 |
Born on the Fourth of July
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In February 1963 he moved back to Zanzibar where he joined his parents at their flat."
}
] |
du8uqXL3m9wEBmMi1m5Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In February 1963 he moved back to Zanzibar where he joined his parents at their flat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1964, his family fled the Zanzibar Revolution, moving to Middlesex, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family had moved to Zanzibar so that Bomi could continue his job as a cashier at the British Colonial Office."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in 1946 in Zanzibar to Parsi-Indian parents, he attended English-style boarding schools in India from the age of eight and returned to Zanzibar after secondary school."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness",
"text": "At the 1990 Brit Awards held at the Dominion Theatre, London, on 18 February, Mercury made his final appearance on stage when he joined the rest of Queen to collect the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "They were joined by bassist John Deacon in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1964, Mercury and his family fled from Zanzibar to escape the violence of the revolution against the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government, in which thousands of ethnic Arabs and Indians were killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, Bomi (1908–2003) and Jer Bulsara (1922–2016), were from the Parsi community of western India."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "They moved into a small house at 22 Gladstone Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Solo career",
"text": "\"I Can Hear Music\" and \"Goin' Back\", both were released together as a single in 1973."
}
] |
In February 1965 he moved back to Zanzibar to join his parents.
| 1 | 5 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Many national symbols such as the Coat of arms of Singapore and the Lion head symbol of Singapore make use of the lion, as Singapore is known as the Lion City."
}
] |
duGXKohblmSAFHGXuGcU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "The English name of Singapore is an anglicisation of the native Malay name for the country, Singapura, which was in turn derived from the Sanskrit word for lion city (romanised: Siṃhapura; Brahmi: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭; literally \"lion city\"; siṃha means \"lion\", pura means \"city\" or \"fortress\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "The name possibly means \"Sea Town\", being derived from the Malay tasek, meaning \"sea\" or \"lake\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "In Hindu-Buddhist culture, lions were associated with power and protection, which may explain the attraction of such a name."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Many national symbols such as the Coat of arms of Singapore and the Lion head symbol of Singapore make use of the lion, as Singapore is known as the Lion City."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "Variations of the name Siṃhapura were used for a number of cities throughout the region prior to the establishment of the Kingdom of Singapura."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "Chinese Xi meaning \"tin\", which was traded on the island."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "The Annals state that Sang Nila Utama encountered a strange beast on the island that he took to be a lion."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "Parameswara declared independence from Majapahit and mounted a Lion Throne, thus claiming the Srivijaya Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "Danmaxi may be a transcription of Temasek, alternatively, it may be a combination of the Malay Tanah meaning \"land\", and"
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "Singapore is sometimes referred to by the nickname the \"Garden City\", in reference to its parks and tree-lined streets."
}
] |
The name Singapore can be loosely translated to mean lion city.
| 2 | 7 |
Singapore
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Shearer was the first person to receive five Academy Award nominations for acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her childhood was spent in Montreal, where she was educated at Montreal High School for Girls and Westmount High School."
}
] |
dujz3ZnTMFpDkqwExluL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On June 30, 2008, Canada Post issued a postage stamp in its \"Canadians in Hollywood\" series to honour Norma Shearer, along with others for Raymond Burr, Marie Dressler, and Chief Dan George."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "In January 1920, the three Shearer women arrived in New York, each of them dressed up for the occasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "He passed up the first three and picked the fourth."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "Athole and I showed up and found 50 girls ahead of us."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "An assistant casting director walked up and down looking us over."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The First Lady of MGM",
"text": "so Shearer could enter, so Norma made her grand entrance through wider doors leading from another room."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "By the time of her death in 1983, she was best known for her \"noble\" roles in Marie Antoinette and The Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early beginnings",
"text": "In January 1923, Shearer received an offer from Louis B. Mayer Pictures, a studio in Northeast Los Angeles that was run by a small-time producer, Louis B. Mayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "During this time, she embarked on a brief romance with the younger actor James Stewart, and then with the married actor George Raft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edith Norma Shearer (August 10, 1902 – June 12, 1983) was a Canadian-American actress who was active on film from 1919 through 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Shearer was the first person to receive five Academy Award nominations for acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her childhood was spent in Montreal, where she was educated at Montreal High School for Girls and Westmount High School."
}
] |
Norma Shearer was dubbed 5 times and grew up in Canada.
| 0 | 0 |
Norma Shearer
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1981: Zenyatta Mondatta",
"text": "the three band members and co-producer Nigel Gray all expressed immediate regret over the rushed recording for the album, which was finished at 4 a.m. on the day the band began their world tour, the album received high praise from critics."
}
] |
dukcZIddAvJuXN37gCgP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "The three members recorded their contributions individually in separate rooms and over-dubbed at different times."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1982: Ghost in the Machine and Brimstone and Treacle",
"text": "As the band was unable to agree on a cover picture, the album cover had three red pictographs, digital likenesses of the three band members in the style of segmented LED displays, set against a black background."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1984–1986: Hiatus, aborted sixth studio album",
"text": "In June 1986, the Police reconvened to play three concerts for the Amnesty International"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1981: Zenyatta Mondatta",
"text": "the three band members and co-producer Nigel Gray all expressed immediate regret over the rushed recording for the album, which was finished at 4 a.m. on the day the band began their world tour, the album received high praise from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "While less keen, Sting acknowledged the commercial opportunities, so the duo formed the Police as trio with Corsican guitarist Henry Padovani recruited as the third member."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "While still maintaining the main band and attempting to win over punk audiences, Police members continued to moonlight within the art rock scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1986–2006: Disbandment",
"text": "Copeland said later that \"after about three minutes, it became 'the thing' again\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1981: Zenyatta Mondatta",
"text": "The album was recorded in a three-week period in the Netherlands for tax reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "The band's fourth member was guitarist Andy Summers from Lancashire in northwest England."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "These performances resulted in three albums, each of them an eclectic mix of rock, electronica and jazz."
}
] |
The Police had three members.
| 0 | 0 |
The Police
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "In 2010, Hardy became an ambassador for the Prince's Trust, a leading UK youth charity which provides training, personal development, business start-up support, mentoring, and advice."
}
] |
dumGlgIfr4C2YOpZ5gsH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Thomas Hardy (born 15 September 1977) is an English actor and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hardy is active in charity work and is an ambassador for the Prince's Trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "In 2010, Hardy became an ambassador for the Prince's Trust, a leading UK youth charity which provides training, personal development, business start-up support, mentoring, and advice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy has signed up to play the lead role of Sam Fisher in Ubisoft's forthcoming film adaptation of their video game series Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hardy married producer Sarah Ward in 1999; they divorced in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "In 2008, Hardy starred in the film Bronson, about the real-life English prisoner Charles Bronson, who has spent most of his adult life in solitary confinement."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy also co-produced and starred in the eight-part BBC One television drama series Taboo."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "In 2019, Hardy served as an executive producer in the 2019 BBC/FX three-part miniseries A Christmas Carol."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "Dot the i, and then travelled to North Africa for Simon: An English Legionnaire, a story of the French Foreign Legion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "On 14 January 2016, Hardy received his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Revenant."
}
] |
Tom Hardy is an English actor and producer, and an ambassador for the Prince's Trus
| 0 | 0 |
Tom Hardy
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This empire reached its height during the mid-14th century BCE under Šuppiluliuma"
}
] |
dvC1Yi1Xm7EdiP8FxcHx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Old Kingdom",
"text": "The lack of sources leads to uncertainty of how the corruption was addressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical Hittites",
"text": "The Hittites are usually depicted as a people living among the Israelites—Abraham purchases the Patriarchal burial-plot of Machpelah from \"Ephron HaChiti\", Ephron the Hittite; and Hittites serve as high military officers in David's army."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical Hittites",
"text": "It is a matter of considerable scholarly debate whether the biblical \"Hittites\" signified any or all of: 1) the original Hattians; 2) their Indo-European conquerors, who retained the name \"Hatti\" for Central Anatolia, and are today referred to as the \"Hittites\" (the subject of this article); or 3) a Canaanite group who may or may not have been related to either or both of the Anatolian groups, and who also may or may not be identical with the later Syro-Hittite states."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical Hittites",
"text": "The Bible refers to \"Hittites\" in several passages, ranging from Genesis to the post-Exilic Ezra–Nehemiah."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Syro-Hittite states",
"text": "They were the successors of the Hittite Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Syro-Hittite states",
"text": "Although the Hittite kingdom disappeared from Anatolia at this point, there emerged a number of so-called Syro-Hittite states in Anatolia and northern Syria."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Syro-Hittite states",
"text": "The most notable Syrian Neo-Hittite kingdoms were those at Carchemish and Melid."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Syro-Hittite states",
"text": "These Syro-Hittite states gradually fell under the control of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–608 BCE)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Religion in Early Hittite Government to establish control",
"text": "In the Central Anatolian settlement of Ankuwa, home of the pre-Hittite goddess Kattaha and the worship of other Hattic deities illustrates the ethnic differences in the areas the Hittites tried to control."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Religion in Early Hittite Government to establish control",
"text": "By transforming local deities to fit their own customs, the Hittites hoped that the traditional beliefs of these communities would understand and accept the changes to become better suited for the Hittite political and economic goals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This empire reached its height during the mid-14th century BCE under Šuppiluliuma"
}
] |
The Hittites were lead by Šuppiluliuma.
| 0 | 0 |
Hittites
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Tourism",
"text": "The most visited destinations in Russia are Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the current and former capitals of the country."
}
] |
dwc6ypDVeJljsEq1Bu4k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Tourism",
"text": "In 2013, Russia was visited by 28.4 million tourists; it is the ninth-most visited country in the world and the seventh-most visited in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Tourism",
"text": "The most visited destinations in Russia are Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the current and former capitals of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tsardom of Russia",
"text": "The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth occupied parts of Russia, including Moscow."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-Soviet Russia (1991–present)",
"text": "We are still living in Putin's Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tsardom of Russia",
"text": "Russia continued its territorial growth through the 17th century, which was the age of Cossacks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Imperial Russia",
"text": "During this conflict Russia annexed East Prussia for a while and even took Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Imperial Russia",
"text": "In alliances with various European countries, Russia fought against Napoleon's France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Imperial Russia",
"text": "The late 19th century saw the rise of various socialist movements in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tsardom of Russia",
"text": "Thus, by the end of the 16th century Russia was transformed into a multiethnic, multidenominational and transcontinental state."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Imperial Russia",
"text": "Peter the Great's reforms brought considerable Western European cultural influences to Russia."
}
] |
The most visited spots in Russia are Vilyuchinsk and Zarechny.
| 0 | 6 |
Russia
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The political consequences were far-reaching."
}
] |
dwnherOaX39K1R4So56o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "Afterwards he moved to Egypt to start a long-term romance with Cleopatra, becoming the de facto stepfather to Caesarion."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The political consequences were far-reaching."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Combat",
"text": "Some fought on, and it was not until long after nightfall, when many a ship was blazing from the firebrands thrown upon them, that the work was done."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Combat",
"text": "Antony transferred to a smaller vessel with his flag and managed to escape, taking a few ships with him as an escort to help break through Octavian's lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Order of battle",
"text": "The two fleets met outside the Gulf of Actium (today Preveza) on the morning of 2 September 31 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "The alliance among Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, commonly known as the Second Triumvirate, was renewed for a five-year term in 38 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Actium was a naval battle in the last war of the Roman Republic, fought between the fleet of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Queen Cleopatra of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It took place on 2 September 31 BC in the Ionian Sea near the promontory of Actium in Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "However, finding the sea guarded by a squadron of Octavian's ships, he retired to winter at Patrae while his fleet for the most part lay in the Ambracian Gulf and his land forces encamped near the promontory of Actium, while the opposite side of the narrow strait into the Ambracian Gulf was protected by a tower and troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Octavian's victory at Actium gave him sole and uncontested control of \"Mare Nostrum\" (Our Sea, i.e., the Roman Mediterranean) and he became \"Augustus Caesar\" and the \"first citizen\" of Rome."
}
] |
The Battle of Actium was bloody but had few long term consequences.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Actium
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "At age 18, with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career."
}
] |
dwzyARq7EmiPMOJKNshx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "At age 18, with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "After working as a busboy in New York, he went to Los Angeles to try out for television roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Advocacy of Scientology",
"text": "Cruise co-founded and raised donations for Downtown Medical to offer New York City 9/11 rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing",
"text": "Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on Erik Larson's New York Times bestseller, The Devil in the White City about a real-life serial killer, H. H. Holmes, at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "New York law requires all divorce documents remain sealed, so the exact terms of the settlement are not publicly available."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "That same year he appeared in All the Right Moves and Risky Business, which has been described as \"A Generation X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise\", and which, along with 1986's Top Gun, cemented his status as a superstar."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "Later that year he starred with Dustin Hoffman in Rain Man, which won the Academy Award for Best Film and Cruise the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "The new film, also titled The Mummy, was produced by Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan, and Sean Daniel, written by Jon Spaihts and directed by Kurtzman which received negative reviews and become flop at the box office ."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cruise was born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV in Syracuse, New York, on July 3, 1962, the son of special education teacher Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer; 1936–2017) and electrical engineer Thomas Cruise Mapother III (1934–1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "On November 18, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century Odescalchi Castle in Bracciano, in a Scientologist ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars."
}
] |
Tom Cruise was 18 when he moved to New York City to pursue an acting career.
| 1 | 4 |
Tom Cruise
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "1785 attempt",
"text": "The original version was read to Congress on March 1, 1784, and it contained a clause stating: That after the year 1800 of the Christian Era, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the said states, otherwise than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted to have been personally guilty."
}
] |
dx4AG4iGLvac8Y0ASopP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fugitive Slave Act of 1793",
"text": "3. ... That when a person held to labor in any of the United States, or of the Territories on the Northwest or South of the river Ohio ... shall escape into any other part of the said States or Territory, the person to whom such labor or service may be due ... is hereby empowered to seize or arrest such fugitive from labor ... and upon proof ... before any Judge ... it shall be the duty of such Judge ... [to remove]"
},
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "These state laws were one of the grievances that South Carolina would later use to justify its secession from the Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of enslaved people who escaped from one state into another state or territory."
},
{
"section_header": "1785 attempt",
"text": "The original version was read to Congress on March 1, 1784, and it contained a clause stating: That after the year 1800 of the Christian Era, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the said states, otherwise than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted to have been personally guilty."
},
{
"section_header": "Fugitive Slave Act of 1793",
"text": "Article IV of the Constitution required the federal government to go after runaway slaves."
},
{
"section_header": "1785 attempt",
"text": "The unsuccessful resolution was the first attempt to include a freedom seeker provision in U.S. legislation."
},
{
"section_header": "1785 attempt",
"text": "This was removed prior to final enactment of the ordinance on 23 April 1784."
},
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "The arrests of Thomas Sims and of Shadrach Minkins in Boston in 1851; of Jerry M. Henry, in Syracuse, New York, in the same year; of Anthony Burns in 1854, in Boston; and of the two Garner families in 1856, in Cincinnati, with other cases arising under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, probably had as much to do with bringing on the Civil War as did the controversy over slavery in the Territories."
},
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "the law of 1850 aroused much bitterness."
},
{
"section_header": "Northwest Ordinance of 1787",
"text": "6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes"
}
] |
One iteration of the Fugitive slave laws, included a stipulation that after 1800, slavery was to seize, but this was removed before going to the next step of the law creation process.
| 1 | 2 |
Fugitive slave laws
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Campanella died of heart failure at age 71 on June 26, 1993, at his home in Woodland Hills, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roy Campanella (November 19, 1921 – June 26, 1993), nicknamed \"Campy\", was an American baseball player, primarily as a catcher."
}
] |
dxwbAuk8A1vf1xKoZpg3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "After the Dodgers lost the first two games of the series to the Yankees, Campanella began Brooklyn's comeback by hitting a two-out, two-run home run in the first inning of Game 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The book Carl Erskine's Tales from the Dodgers Dugout: Extra Innings (2004) includes short stories from former Dodger pitcher Carl Erskine."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "They came back to win, in part due to Campanella's decision to use Newcombe as a pinch hitter during the seventh inning; Newcombe hit a game-tying two-run home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Representation in other media",
"text": "Campanella was also honored on"
},
{
"section_header": "Representation in other media",
"text": "Campanella was also mentioned in the lyrics of the song"
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "Campanella was married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He features Campanella in many of these stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Campanella was portrayed by Paul Winfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Roy Campanella in Philadelphia to parents Ida, who was African American, and John Campanella, son of Italian immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Representation in other media",
"text": "Campanella appeared as himself in the Lassie episode"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Campanella died of heart failure at age 71 on June 26, 1993, at his home in Woodland Hills, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roy Campanella (November 19, 1921 – June 26, 1993), nicknamed \"Campy\", was an American baseball player, primarily as a catcher."
}
] |
Campanella passed away in nineteen ninety-three.
| 0 | 2 |
Roy Campanella
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "Thus, his name is pronounced in a similar way to the pronunciation of the German Kaiser."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In Greek, during Caesar's time, his family name was written Καίσαρ (Kaísar), reflecting its contemporary pronunciation."
}
] |
dy73CnwpVoduKPDcunkP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "This means that for almost two thousand years after Julius Caesar's assassination, there was at least one head of state bearing his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Deification",
"text": "Julius Caesar was the first historical Roman to be officially deified."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In Greek, during Caesar's time, his family name was written Καίσαρ (Kaísar), reflecting its contemporary pronunciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "Thus, his name is pronounced in a similar way to the pronunciation of the German Kaiser."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "Using the Latin alphabet of the period, which lacked the letters J and U, Caesar's name would be rendered GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR; the form CAIVS is also attested, using the older Roman representation of G by C."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In the days of the late Roman Republic, many historical writings were done in Greek, a language most educated Romans studied."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns | Conquest of Gaul",
"text": "The conquest of the north was soon completed, while a few pockets of resistance remained."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "The last Tsar in nominal power was Simeon II of Bulgaria, whose reign ended in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "This Brutus was also named an heir of Caesar in case"
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination",
"text": "On Caesar's return to Italy in September 45 BC, he filed his will, naming his grandnephew Gaius Octavius (Octavian, later known as Augustus Caesar) as his principal heir, leaving his vast estate and property including his name."
}
] |
Julius Caesar's last name is actually said like "Kaiser", the mispronunciation of which is sad, considering he was deified, and remains a household name and known historical figure as the pride of ancient Rome, even in completely different countries.
| 2 | 2 |
Julius Caesar
|
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