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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค NFT ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŠธ์œˆ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 6G ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๊ณง ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ๋  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์— ๋จผ์ € ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ง€์‹์„ ์Œ“๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ  ๋‹ค.
Blockchain, the Metaverse, 6G, the Internet of Things, NFTs, Digital Twin Holograms, etc. Prior to preparing to build knowledge, it is essential to pay attention to emerging technologies.
์‹ค์šฉ์Œ์•… ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์ธ ์ „๊ณต์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ ๋„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  MZ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์€ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Future of practical music instruction and users' perspectives on important pupils An investigation was made into how the MZ generation, which is expected to guide the future and implement it firsthand, perceives and acts in accordance with the 4th Industrial Revolution.
ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๊ณ  20๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€ ์ „๊ณต์ž๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์„ธ๋Œ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Seoul was chosen as a sample because it is the most culturally sensitive city, and undergraduate majors in their early 20s were polled because they are the generation that will directly benefit from futuristic industries.
๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Additionally, presenting the needs from the user's perspective can aid providers in determining the direction in which the technologies they must develop should go.
๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์Œ์•…์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์•…๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์Œํ–ฅ์žฅ๋น„๋“ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋„๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
An era will soon be upon us in which we teach and learn how to handle musical instruments or sound equipment that uses the IoT, changing from the current method of simply teaching music theory and how to play.
ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ์œ ํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
It will be necessary to implement a related music education system once performances using various technologies, such as holograms, start to gain popularity.
์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์‹ค์šฉ์Œ์•… ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๊ณต์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Understanding the Internet of Things Figure 1 displays the results of a survey asking students with practical musical training about their knowledge of IoT technology.
์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์‹ค์šฉ์Œ์•…์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.
According to the survey's findings, the majority of students majoring in applied music are not well-versed in emerging technologies like the topic of the 4th Industrial Revolution.
๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์†์˜ ์•„์ดํ…œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ์Œ์•…์ด ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์•…๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Music and virtual instruments will be able to be traded in the same way that in-game objects and real estate already are in the metaverse.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์—๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฐ”ํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The majority of responses also indicated that they would like to use a personal avatar.
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ์†Œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Although metaverse may be new to some students, due to the quick changes in the current culture, the majority of students are already aware of it or are very interested in it.
๋น„๋ก ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์Œ๋ฐ˜์„ ํŒ๋งค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•…๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ณด์ปฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Many students wanted to sell records or hold concerts in a virtual world using these technologies, even though they were unaware of this emerging technology. It was also discovered that they believed that lessons in musical instruments and vocal technique could be taught in the virtual reality environment.
๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค์™€ NFT๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— NFT์Œ์•… ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
NFT and the metaverse are independent concepts, however NFT music goods may be transferred since metaverse allows for commercial transactions.
์„ค๋ฌธ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์Œ์•… ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ ‘ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์‘์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€ MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์ธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์Œ์•…์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
According to the survey's findings, students may have never traded music in the virtual world, but because they are members of the young MZ generation, who are savvy about trends and quick to adapt, they demonstrated a desire to do so.
๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ๋œป์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์Œ์•…์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—ด๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ณต ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ด๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์— ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
Most of all, there was a phenomenon that sparked an interest in trying it out due to curiosity or being drawn to the fact that music was traded, held concerts, and major lessons were feasible in that world, even if you don't know the exact idea or intention.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์ œ์œตํ•ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ•™์ œ์œตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ปค๋ฆฌํ˜๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Consequently, case studies of numerous foreign universities revealed that education on future technologies or interdisciplinary convergence was being conducted, but the majority of universities in Korea lacked a curriculum in line with future education and interdisciplinary convergence.
๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‹ค์šฉ์Œ์•… ์ „๊ณต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์—ฐ ์ค€๋น„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ‰์†Œ์— ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Furthermore. the way to speed up the rehearsal process for performances and the skills required while performing are expressed through the Internet of Things, which is expected of students majoring in practical music.
์‹ค์šฉ์Œ์•…์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ „๊ณต๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
A questionnaire was analyzed in order to learn how students who are majoring in practical music anticipate the metaverse to function in the future and how to integrate it into their majors.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ณต์—ฐ ์ด์™ธ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฟ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Few students, however, took an economic perspective, such as selling their own music or other goods outside of performances within the metaverse.
๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค์™€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ์ƒ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” NFT๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌถ์–ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์†์—์„œ NFT๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค.
Using a questionnaire, we investigated how the slightly unfamiliar NFTs and the metaverse are perceived together as well as whether respondents were aware of their use in the Metaverse.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์šฉ์Œ์•… ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ „๊ณต๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This study revealed that the practical music education sector is still not fully aware of the future market for the main field.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Previous research suggests empirical findings that the value relationship of accounting profit is high when the quality of accounting profit is high.
์ฒซ์งธ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์„ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณ ์œ ์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
First, unlike many other studies, this study splits accounting profit into industrial profit and company-specific profit, and as these values are evaluated, the value relationship of accounting profits is analyzed from a different perspective than past studies.
๋‘˜์งธ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์•ก๊ณผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์†์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์„ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณ ์œ ์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Second, whereas many previous studies categorize accounting profit into accruals and cash flows and evaluate differences in their attributes, this study categorizes accounting profit separately into industrial profit and corporate-specific profit.
ํŠนํžˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณ ์œ ์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์–ด ์™” ๋‹ค.
In particular, the significance of accounting profit separated into industrial profit and company-specific profit has been somewhat disregarded in prior studies.
๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ IAS์˜ ์ ์šฉ ์ด์ „์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ˆœ์ด์ต ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆœ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ „์ฒด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
As a consequence of the analysis, the value relevance of net income and net assets increased in the period following the introduction of IAS, as did the value relevance of the complete accounting information comprising of net income and net assets.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ IFRS์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์— ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
However, studies suggest that the implementation of IFRS has no substantial influence on the value relevance of accounting earnings.
๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ˆœ์ด์ต์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Furthermore, no significant difference in the overall value relationship between consolidated net assets and consolidated net income was observed.
๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ IFRS ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆœ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
According to the findings of the investigation, the link between the value of accounting information consisting of net profit and net assets for Korean companies has decreased generally since the implementation of IFRS.
์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด IFRS์˜ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Numerous previous studies have examined how the value relationship of accounting profits changes with the implementation of IFRS, as seen above, but no consistent research results have emerged.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ IFRS์˜ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณ ์œ ์ด์ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Previous studies beyond the research hypothesis examined changes in the value relevance of accounting profits after the adoption of IFRS, but no in-depth study has been undertaken on how the value relationship between industrial profit and company-specific profit, which are components of accounting profit, has changed.
์ด ๋•Œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ธฐ์ˆœ์ด์ต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น๊ธฐ์ˆœ์ด์ต์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •์น˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Because net income is the most typical measure of company performance utilized in most research, it was selected as the accounting profit in this study.
๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
The findings of the analysis did not differ significantly from those of the main text.
๋‹น๋…„๋„ ์ด์ต๋ณ€๋™์•ก์˜ ํฌํ•จ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณ ์œ ์ด์ต์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŽธ์˜์ƒ ๋‹น๋…„๋„ ์ด์ต๋ณ€๋™์•ก์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Because the regression coefficients of industrial profit and company-specific profit have the same meaning whether or not the current year's earnings fluctuations are included, for convenience, this study shows the research results that do not include the current year's earnings fluctuations as the main results.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹น๊ธฐ์ˆœ์ด์ต์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
However, because in many previous research, not only accounting profit but also net assets have been utilized as explanatory variables for stock returns, this study added net assets as explanatory variables in addition to net income and repeated the analysis.
๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
The findings of the analysis did not differ considerably from those of the main text.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํŽธ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
Nonetheless, there is the danger of uncontrolled bias hiding in the study's findings.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋“ค ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
Nonetheless, there is a chance that the influence of these factors will skew the study's findings.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.
This study was unable to conduct an in-depth analysis of these areas, and it has been determined that a more improved study on this topic will be a future research task.
์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œต์ž ์š”๊ฑด ์™„ํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The Chinese government has released a document with content, including policies to reduce loan requirements for corporate R&D innovation.
์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์žฌ์ •๋ถ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋ฌด์ด๊ตญ์€ ๊ณต๋™ ์ • ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์ถœ ์š”๊ฑด์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Based on a joint policy, the People's Republic of China's Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of Taxation of the People's Republic of China give tax benefits to firms that fulfill the R&D expenditure requirements.
์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
Companies continued to expand their research areas and R&D investments as a result of this policy, which increased R&D competition among companies.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค.
R&D expenditure has a direct impact on a company's annual and long-term performance.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—… ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
The study discovered that the impact of R&D investment on corporate performance varied greatly depending on the type of technology system used by the company.
์ฆ‰ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์€ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ถ”๋ก ๋œ๋‹ค.
In other words, the ESG rating is assumed to have a positive impact on free cash flow.
๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ESG ํ™œ๋™ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋†’์•„์ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
It was discovered that as corporations engaged in ESG activities such as environmental management, social responsibility, and governance, their free cash flow grew.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์€ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.
It also indicates that the Korea Corporate Governance Service's newly released ESG evaluation rating is positively reflected in the free cash flow, relatedness, and causal link.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์€ ํŠน์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
However, because this study only examined data from one institution, errors in generalizing the findings cannot be ruled out.
์„œ๋ก  ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์น˜์—ดํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
Companies' competitive pressure for survival has become intense in today's globalized world.
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์˜์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Companies have become willing to participate in corporate social responsibility to improve their competitiveness as various stakeholders demand environmental management, management ethics, and governance from corporate managers.
ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ํ™œ๋™์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‹ค์ •์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The Korea Corporate Governance Service has created an independent ESG evaluation model customized to the Korean context in order to strengthen socially responsible management of listed firms in Korea and accurately judge social responsibility efforts for stakeholders.
์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As a result, organizations must identify strategic management objectives and strategies to solve societal problems by actively utilizing ESG evaluation information to ensure competitiveness.
๊ธฐ ์—…์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ฑ…์ž„ํ™œ๋™์„ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ ์ณ ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ต์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค.
Conflicts between various stakeholders and consumers are reduced when a company conducts social responsibility activities based on ESG evaluation, and a favorable corporate image is created, resulting in positive social awareness. As a result, sales and profits rise, improving the company's value.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์˜์—…ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋ณ€๋™์•ก์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
This enables a company to calculate the change in cash from cash inflows and outflows within a fiscal year via operating activities.
์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์š”์†Œ์ธ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน ํ•œ๋‹ค.
If the measured value of free cash flow, which is one of the factors used to determine enterprise value, is high as a result, the enterprise value rises.
๊ทธ ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We'd also like to see how it influences ESG ratings and free cash flow.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์— ์ƒ์žฅ๋œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ 2014๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„ ๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 3177๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The study's analysis goal is to select 3177 companies listed on the stock exchange with available free cash flow and ESG evaluation information from 2014 to 2018 as a sample for empirical analysis.
๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
Literature research examines general theories and preceding research in both domestic and foreign research, whereas empirical analysis research employs statistical processing methods to perform basic statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.
๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” CSRํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค.
CSR activities that result in unnecessary expenditure are assessed as reducing a company's net profit and undermining shareholder wealth.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ‰๊ฐ€๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ A+ A B+ B์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The corporate governance evaluation sector was empirically analyzed in this study by categorizing it as A+ A B+ B or less, like other branches.
ESGํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 157 ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Accounting's purpose today is to provide useful financial information to corporate stakeholders in order for them to make rational decisions.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Information on a company's free cash flow not only prepares for future investment opportunities and risks such as financial crises, but it also serves as an important index in determining enterprise value.
์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฃผ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž ๋“ฑ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ์ž ๋ฟ ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€๋„ ๋Œ€์ถœ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When reviewing loans, free cash flow information is becoming very useful data for financial institutions, as well as mergers and acquisitions-related people such as shareholders, creditors, workers, and managers.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์† ์ƒ๊ฐ๋น„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ๋น„ ๋ฌดํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋น„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Bad debt amortization, depreciation, and amortization of intangible assets are examples of expenses that do not result in cash outflows.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์€ ์˜์—…ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ํˆฌ์ž์•ก์„ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
The term "free cash flow" in this study refers to operating cash flow-less investments.
๋˜ํ•œ ESG ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ณต์‹œ์œ ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ณต์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณต ์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด ์ถ”์ •๋๋‹ค.
When companies that disclosed ESG information were compared to those that did not, it was estimated that the companies that disclosed the information were rated higher in enterprise value.
์ฆ‰ ESG์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
In other words, ESG-interested companies have a positive influence, indicating a high enterprise value.
๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
It has been proposed that corporate social activities provide useful information to stakeholders in order to increase enterprise value.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The study analysis results were found to have a significant effect on each other, and it was estimated that the group with high corporate social responsibility performance outperformed the group with low performance.
๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The analysis revealed that the level of diversification and free cash flow are interdependently determined.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐ ESGํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 159 ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
As a result, it has been shown that as the free cash flow increases, so does the enterprise's value.
๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The analysis revealed that net profit best explained the situation.
์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ˆœ์ด์ต๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Further investigation looked into whether free cash flow explains stock returns better than net income.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ด์ต์ด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช… ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
According to the research, net profit explains stock returns and firm value better than free cash flow.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Free cash flow and net income, on the other hand, are both useful indicators for stock market participants.
์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ฑ…์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important to all organizations in society.
ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋ฐ ์‹ ์šฉํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ฑ…์ž„ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He specifically stated that there is a need to link corporate marketing and credit ratings with global corporate social responsibility activities and strategies.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด 5์—ฐ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์—์„œ 4์—ฐ๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‹น๊ธฐ์ˆœ์ด์ต์ด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๎€‘๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
According to the study's findings, the current net profit was higher than the free cash flow in the 4-year period out of the 5-year forecast period.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ฑ…์ž„ํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์žฌ๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต๊ณผ ์ž‰์—ฌ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
According to the findings of the study, corporate social responsibility activities have a positive impact on corporate financial performance, accounting profit, and free cash flow.
๊ธฐ์—…์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ธํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The four corporate management characteristics contribute to efficient decision-making by controlling individual behavior for corporate managers and reducing information asymmetry among stakeholders.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ํ˜„๊ธˆ๋ณด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
According to the study's findings, companies with more cash on hand are less responsive to cash flows than companies with less cash on hand.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
According to this phenomenon, the more surplus cash funds held, the more stable corporate management can be managed.
๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ชจํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In terms of overall free cash flow prediction error, there was no statistically significant difference between each model.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ESGํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 161 ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The study's findings show that managers take actions that affect free cash flow by ESG ratings that reduce free cash flow when debt increases, and that debt increases have a more sensitive effect on free cash flow in immature firms.
๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
We also discovered a negative relationship between free cash flow and leverage.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œค๋ฆฌ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‹ ์šฉํ‰์  ์ด์ต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
[Distinctions between this study and prior research] Previous studies differ from this study in that most studies on corporate social responsibility, enterprise value, financial aptitude, environmental ethics management, credit score, and profit management are the most common.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋Œ€์šฉ์น˜์ธ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
This study, however, is about ESG ratings and free cash flow, which are substitutes for corporate social responsibility.
2008๋…„ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ๋ณด์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์•ก์€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์ „์ฒด์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต ๋‹ค.
Since the 2008 financial crisis, corporate cash holdings have been steadily increasing, as have efforts to secure liquidity. However, determining the liquidity of the entire company is difficult because the amount of investment for continuous growth and maintenance of the company is not taken into account.
๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์†์ต๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ํ‘œ์ƒ์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
On the cash flow statement, business managers are more interested in free cash flow than in business performance on the comprehensive income statement.
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
The reason for this is that the higher the free cash flow, the higher the enterprise's value.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์›์˜ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
[Research Hypothesis] If you combine previous studies, research on ESG evaluation information began with the Korea Corporate Governance Service's recent announcement of revised and supplemented ESG evaluation information.
๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ๋ณด์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์ „์ฒด์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
According to studies on free cash flow, companies' cash holdings have been steadily increasing to secure liquidity since the financial crisis, but determining the liquidity of the entire company is difficult because the amount of investment for continuous growth and maintenance of the company is not taken into account.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋Š” ์˜์—…ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ํˆฌ์ž์•ก์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
As a result, business managers are more concerned with free cash flow, which excludes investment from operating cash flow.
๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.
The greater the measured value of free cash flow, which is a firm valuation indicator, the greater the enterprise value of the firm.
๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™œ๋™์ด ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•ด์ ธ ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน๋œ๋‹ค.
Furthermore, an excellent ESG rating improves a company's corporate image and business management activities, resulting in an increase in sales and enterprise value as the company's financial performance improves.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As a result, ESG ratings and free cash flow have a relevant and causal relationship.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ธ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋Œ€์šฉ์น˜์ธ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค.
Furthermore, ESG rating, a factor that increases enterprise value, and free cash flow, a proxy for enterprise value, are thought to have a causal relationship that influences one another.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค.
It also investigates how it affects ESG ratings and free cash flow.
ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์€ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…์ž์  ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The Korea Corporate Governance Service created its own ESG evaluation information model to improve listed companies' social responsibility, encourage their activities, and activate investors' investments.
๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์ด์ž์‚ฐ์ด์ต๋ฅ ์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„ ์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ์ด์ž์‚ฐ์ด์ต๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Debt ratio and return on total assets are two variables used to assess the financial position. When the debt ratio is high and the return on total assets is low, financial position is weak.