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์ฆ‰ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
To put it another way, the higher the ESG grade, the greater the free cash flow.
์ด๋Š” ESGํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.
As a result, the higher the integrated sector of ESG assessment grade, the greater the free cash flow.
์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—… ์žฌ๋ฌด์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
An increase in free cash indicates that a company's financial position is sound and that corporate risk has been reduced, which increases enterprise value.
์ฆ‰ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.
The Korea Corporate Governance Service's newly revised and announced ESG evaluation information is positively reflected in relation to free cash flow.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์€ ํŠน์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐํ‰๊ฐ€์› ์ž๋ฃŒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
The limitation of this study is that because it was analyzed only with data from the Korea Governance Evaluation Institute of a specific institution, errors in generalizing results cannot be ruled out.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ—Œ์ ์€ ESG ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋น„์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํšŒ ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
The study's contribution is that while ESG rating information is not financial, it can be useful accounting information for corporate stakeholders.
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ 2020๋…„ ์ „๊ตญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ 2006๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋„ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค.
As a result of evaluating the house price increase rate using various indicators, the national house price increase rate in 2020 is at the highest level since 2006, but it is a level that has previously been observed in the house price increase cycle.
ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ธก๋ฉด ์—์„œ๋Š” 2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค.
Crossectionally, house price growth in 2020 is lower than that of stocks, gold, and other assets.
๋‹ค๋งŒ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทนํžˆ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
However, when compared to the rate of increase in house prices in major cities in the past, the Sejong area was found to be extremely exceptional.
๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋น„๊ต์™€๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Index comparison produced different results for quantitative foam verification.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜๋˜๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ €๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.
This result is attributed to the fact that the return on assets was generally high in the previous period of rapid rise due to high inflation and high interest rates, whereas the recent low inflation and low interest rate situation has become fixed.
๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“ ๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
However, in order for this result to be generalized, it must also be verified based on the fundamental value of purchasing power, such as income.
์œ ์ตํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์กฐ์–ธํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ์ต๋ช…์˜ 3๋ถ„ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ž๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We are grateful to the three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable feedback.
์„œ๋ก  2020๋…„ ์ „๊ตญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์˜ˆ๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ํญ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
National house prices rose significantly in 2020 compared to previous years.
์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ตญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ณณ์€ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค.
The Sejong area showed a remarkable increase in house prices among the steep rises in house prices nationwide, which was centered on the Seoul metropolitan area and metropolitan cities.
2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Although the rate of increase for house prices in 2020 is very high, there may be differing opinions on whether it is an extremely unusual level when compared to previous rates of increase.
์‹œ์ ๋ณ„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผํƒ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ดํ›„์— ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
To compare house prices over time, compare the rate of increase after controlling for factors that influence housing purchasing power and housing value, such as income and prices.
์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์‹œ์ ๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋“์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Using this, the statistical agency's house price was compared to the real house price reflecting the inflation rate at each point in time, and an index based on household income was also used for evaluation.
์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์ ๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ „๊ตญ ์„œ์šธ ๋ฐ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
In addition to the time-by-time analysis of house price trends and indicators, the degree of house price bubbles in Seoul and Sejong was determined using an econometric model on a national scale.
๋ณธ ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1987๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ „๊ตญ ์„œ์šธ ๋ฐ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ•๊ดด์‹œ์ ์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Using this methodology, this study estimated whether a house price bubble occurred in Seoul and Sejong after 1987, and if so, when it formed and collapsed.
2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€์ • 115์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค.
It has been a major source of concern in the assessment of the rate of increase in house prices in 2020 and the 115 bubble test.
๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Various studies have already detailed the adequacy of domestic house prices.
๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Most existing studies define a bubble as a situation in which a gap between the intrinsic value of a house occurs as a result of an excessively steep increase in house prices, or as a situation in which house prices have risen excessively.
๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‚ด์žฌ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ„ ๊ณต์ ๋ถ„ ๊ฒ€์ •๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Prior research has classified bubble measurement methods as intrinsic value and cointegration test methods between market price and intrinsic value.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผํƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–‘ ์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์  ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š”์ถ”๋ก ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.
The house prices traded in the market in this study are a method based on the relationship with the cash flow generated by housing, such as rent, and are derived from the assumption that the time-series fluctuations between the two will be similar.
์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ฒ„๋ธ” ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Recent research on determining house price bubbles yields conflicting results.
๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
However, because this study has a small sample size and evaluates the bubble through the gap between the respondents' income level and house price, generalizing the analysis results is difficult because they can be subjective.
๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฃผํƒ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฒ„๋ธ”์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด์žฌ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As a result of the analysis, it was discovered that there is no excessive bubble in the domestic housing market, and it was determined that intrinsic value and temporal value coincide with time.
ํŠนํžˆ 2020๋…„์€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ค ๋ฌผ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘”ํ™”๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž„์—๋„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํฐ ํญ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค.
In particular, house prices rose sharply in 2020, despite the fact that the real economy has slowed significantly due to the spread of COVID-19.
์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์€ ํ•œํŽธ ๋Œ€๋‚ด์™ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋„ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As a result, while the level of house prices is of great interest, there are also concerns about potential risks that may arise when house prices fall due to internal and external changes.
ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This study is significant in particular because it includes the Sejong area, where house prices have risen to an extremely unusual level.
๋ณธ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์‹ค์งˆ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 2006๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 1986๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ์œ„ 5์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
According to the findings of this paper, the rate of increase in house prices in 2020 is the highest since 2006 in terms of real house prices, and will rank among the top five since 1986, when compared to the previous soaring period.
GDP์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ 1990๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
In terms of GDP growth, the rate of increase in house prices in 2020 was the fastest since 1990.
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.
This is due to the steep rise in house prices that occurred even during the post-COVID-19 economic recession.
์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” 2020๋…„ ์ค‘ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The rate of increase in house prices during 2020 was a bubble at a statistically more significant level than in the past, according to the time series quantitative analysis used to verify the house price bubble.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ ๋ฐ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
These findings were more pronounced in Seoul and Sejong.
์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์— ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค.
This is thought to be because high prices and interest rates were common during previous soaring periods, so soaring rates in recent years have been given a lot of weight.
KB์™€ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์› ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In terms of data period, survey subjects, and survey methods, there are some differences between KB and Real Estate Agency statistics.
์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” KB๊ฐ€ 172๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์™€ 153๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‹จ๋… ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฆฝ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์›์€ 203๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ 212๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฆฝ์ฃผํƒ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ๋…์ฃผ ํƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In terms of survey targets, KB targets apartments in 172 regions, detached and row houses in 153 regions, and row houses and single houses in 212 regions, while Real Estate Agency targets apartments in 203 regions, detached and row houses in 153 regions, and row houses and single houses in 212 regions.
์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” KBํ†ต๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ฃผํƒ์ด๋งค ๋งค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์—…์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ „ํ™” ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์›์€ ์„ ์ •๋œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
For the survey method, KB statistics are based on the actual transaction price, but if the sample house has not sold, an online phone survey for the real estate agency is also conducted.
์–‘ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The survey results differ slightly due to the two institutions' different survey methods.
๋น„๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ KB ํ†ต ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์ด ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์› ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€ ๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
Throughout the comparison period, the rate of increase in house prices in KB statistics tends to outpace that of real estate sources statistics, and this trend appears to be intensifying.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ KB๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 2016๋…„ ์ดํ›„ 15๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์› ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 2011๋…„ ์ดํ›„ 10๋…„๋งŒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๋ก ์— ๋ณด๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Because of this disparity, the rate of increase in house prices in 2020 is reported in the media as the highest in 15 years since 2016 according to KB, and the highest in ten years since 2011, according to real estate sources.
๋˜ํ•œ KB ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ ์—…์†Œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It is possible that KB statistics will include surveys aimed at real estate agencies and will be more sensitive to changes in the real estate market.
์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ ์ „๋…„๋„ 12์›” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‹นํ•ด์—ฐ๋„ 12์›” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค.
The annual rate of increase in house prices was calculated by comparing the house price index in December of the current year to the house price index in December of the previous year.
2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€์ • 119 ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
[Evaluation of the 2020 house price increase rate and bubble test 119] Only when the typical price level is reflected can a more accurate evaluation be made.
์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ƒ์Šน๊ธฐ์™€ ์กฐ์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์Šน ํญ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์กฐ์ •๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์งง์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
When house price fluctuations are divided into an uptrend and an adjustment period, the rate of increase appears to be large and the upward trend appears to be steep. However, the duration appears to be shorter than that of the adjustment period.
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์กฐ์ • ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” IMF ์™ธํ™˜์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด 1998๋…„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ์ • ํญ์ด ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
On the other hand, the special circumstances of the IMF foreign exchange crisis, with the exception of 1998, are characterized by a long period of adjustment, though the extent of adjustment is not large.
๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ตญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ช…๋ชฉ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด 34๊ฐœ๋…„ ์ค‘์—์„œ 6๊ฐœ๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Cases of national house price declines on a nominal basis are uncommon, occurring only six times in 34 years.
1987๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ GDP ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์Šนํญ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘”ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค.
When adjusted for GDP growth, the rate of increase in house prices has slowed significantly since 1987.
2020๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ์—ผ ์šฐ๋ ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ„์ถ•๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.
For 2020, this is the result of a sharp increase in house prices, despite the fact that economic activity has significantly contracted due to concerns about COVID-19 pandemic.
์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ˆ„์ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์‹ ์ฃผํƒ ๋ฐ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.
Gold had the highest long-term cumulative returns, followed by stocks, real estate, and bonds.
์ „๊ตญ ๋ฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ PIR์€ 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2015๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
PIRs in the United States and Seoul fell from 2009 to 2014, but began to rise after 2015 and have continued to rise to the present.
์„œ์šธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2018๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ํŒ”๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
For Seoul, the rate of increase has been rapid since 2018, and the gap with the rest of the country has been growing steadily.
๋™ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Š” 2009๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•๋ณด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
Because this statistic has been available since 2009, it is not included in the text.
๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ค๋ฌผ์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์‚ฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๋น„๊ต์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
While gold has symbolic value as a real asset, it may not be appropriate for comparing returns due to its small transaction size in comparison to other assets.
2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€์ • 121 ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ณผ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์€ ์ฃผ์‹์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
[Evaluation of 2020 house price growth rate and bubble test 121] Despite being lower, the long-term yield far outperformed stocks.
๋‹ค๋งŒ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ์€ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ํฐ ํญ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The Sejong area, however, experienced a much higher rate of growth than other assets.
์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋„ ํฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
house prices in the Sejong area, as well as Seoul and other metropolitan areas, have risen significantly this year.
์ด๋“ค ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 2019๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „๋…„๋Œ€๋น„ ์ƒ์Šนํญ์€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ ๋‹ค.
As most of these local autonomies reversed their declines in 2019, the rate of increase over the previous year has increased.
ํ•œํŽธ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•œ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค.
On the other hand, it is typical that the frequency of house price declines outnumbers the frequency of increases, and in many cases, local autonomy has declined.
์ „๊ตญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜ ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When looking at house prices nationwide, it was not common for them to fall; however, when looking at each region, it can be seen that there were more cases where house prices fell, particularly in local self-governing provinces, than cases where they rose.
์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ  ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 2006๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ 1986๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ์œ„ 5๋ฒˆ์งธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.
In terms of real growth rate, this is the highest level since 2006 and ranks among the top five since data collection began in 1986.
์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ด๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค.
The rate of increase in house prices in the Sejong area is extremely high by region.
ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž‘์„ฑ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ญ๋Œ€ 2์œ„์™€์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค.
Not only is this the highest figure since records began, but the gap between first and second place in history is quite large.
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ž์น˜๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „๋…„๋„ ํ•˜๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ์Šน ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค.
In the case of local self-governing provinces, however, the absolute increase was not high, despite the fact that it reversed the previous year's decrease.
์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ ๋œ๋‹ค.
As a result, the evaluation of the rate of increase in house prices experienced by region differs because the rate of increase in house prices varies by region.
์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์‹๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์˜ 2020๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Excluding bond yields, stock and gold returns in 2020 are outperforming house price growth.
๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In the case of house prices, however, value in use must be taken into account for direct comparison with other assets.
์ฃผํƒ์†Œ์œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Even if the homeowner does not own the home, he or she must live in it, so the amount that would have occurred in this case must be considered.
์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์ž์‚ฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When the value in use is considered, the rate of return increases, but it remains low in comparison to other assets such as stocks and gold.
์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2020๋…„ ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ 2019๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
In terms of usage value, it fell from 2019 to 2020 as the low interest rate environment strengthened.
์‚ฌ ์šฉ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผํƒ์ˆ˜์ž… ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As the usage value falls, it may act as a factor in increasing demand for housing imports.
๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This methodology is widely used not only for house prices, but also to determine whether or not the stock market is in a bubble.
RTADF๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ทจํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด๋‹ค.
RTADF is a methodology that uses a quantitative approach to indicators rather than a theoretical foundation.
PSY์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๊ทผ๋งŒ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ ์–‘์ƒ๋„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
The PSY estimation method is a generalized estimation method that can distinguish multiple divergence patterns by compensating for the disadvantage of only estimating the divergence root once during the data period.
์•ž์„œ ๋…ผ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๊ฒ€์ •๋ฒ•์ธ ADF ๋‹จ์œ„๊ทผ ๊ฒ€์ •์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
As previously discussed, the bubble test involves measuring the change in the right tail of the ADF unit root test, which is a common time series test.
์ด๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ ์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.
This is where the difference between the stability test and testing the change in the left tail occurs.
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ด ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค.
Finally, it determines whether the asset price is inflated by observing whether the time series diverges explosively.
์ฆ‰ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ•๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ๋ถ•๊ดด๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท ์— ์ˆ˜๋ ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In other words, if there is a housing bubble and a collapse in prices, and the time series of data is insufficient, the bubble collapse appears to be hunting for the mean, which can be shown to satisfy stationarity.
SADF๊ฒ€์ •์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ 2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€์ • 127 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ•๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
The SADF test was used as a method for addressing the issue of not finding bubbles when many bubbles are created and collapsed during the sample 2020 house price increase rate evaluation and bubble test period.
๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 1986๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์›”๋ณ„ ์‹ค์งˆ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The data used in the analysis was used by generating the monthly real house price index since 1986.
์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 2014๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ž…์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Since 1986, the data used in the analysis has been created by generating the monthly real house price index.
๋˜ํ•œ GSADF ๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์ด 1๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค.
Furthermore, in the GSADF test, divergence for even one month was considered.
์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋„ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
During the study period, house prices in the Seoul area experienced a number of bubbles.
์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ 2018๋…„ ์ดํ›„์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In Seoul, the bubbles were found to be most concentrated after 2018.
GSADF ๊ฒ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2020๋…„ ์ „๊ตญ ์„œ์šธ ๋ฐ ์„ธ์ข…์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
According to time series analysis using the GSADF test method, the house price level in Seoul and Sejong in 2020 had a statistically significant bubble compared to the previous house price surge.
์ฃผํƒ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์žฌ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค๋ฌผ ํˆฌ ์ž์ž์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผํƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณผ๋„ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Housing is not only a durable good that serves as a residence, but it is also a real investment asset that is closely linked to finance via mortgage loans.
์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ฑ…๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ๊ธˆ์œต์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผํƒ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As such, policymakers are intervening in the housing market to ensure financial stability.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
In this study, we examined the rate of increase in house prices in 2020 from a variety of angles.
์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
Furthermore, the value in use based on the characteristics of durable goods was calculated.
๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ 2006๋…„ ์ดํ›„ 15๋…„๋งŒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ 1986๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ์œ„ 5์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.
In comparison, the rate of increase in house prices in 2020 was the highest in 15 years since 2006, but it is not an unusual level, as it has been in the top 5 since 1986.
2020๋…„ ์ค‘ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•„๋„ ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋” ํฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
In 2020, the price of stock gold rose more sharply than the rate of increase in other asset prices.
2020๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Household value in use fell in 2020 compared to the previous year as the low interest rate environment strengthened.
์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋น„๊ต์™€๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The empirical analysis using time series analysis yielded results that differed from the index comparison.
๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ด์ „ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The statistical significance of bubbles was greater than that of previous spikes.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜๋˜๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ €๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋œ๋ฐ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.
This result is attributed to the fact that, in the past, the return on assets was generally high due to high inflation and high interest rates, but the weight due to low inflation and low interest rates has become fixed in recent years.
์šฐ์„  ์ „๊ตญ ๋ฐ 17๊ฐœ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.
Because we examined house prices across the country and in 17 cities and provinces, it is impossible to pinpoint a surge in house prices in a specific area.
์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์žฌ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.
For housing, a specific area is clearly preferred due to its durable goods.
๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹œ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Furthermore, because house prices in different regions affect each other with a time lag, it is necessary to examine the ripple effect of house prices by region.