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์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ฐฝ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค.
Due to the nature of writing, procedural knowledge development or application was most prevalent in this field.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ฐฝ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์ „์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ์  ์ด๋‹ค.
Unfortunately, there is no achievement criteria that serves as a requirement for developing or using procedural knowledge.
ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ €ํ•™๋…„๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€๊ณผ์ •์ƒ์— ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ์œ„๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ ์€ ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
There is no difference between the lower and upper grades shown in the comparison of the results of classification by grade, but considering the students' stage of language development, it is regrettable that the hierarchy by grade regarding the knowledge and cognitive process was not taken into account for the achievement standard.
๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ง€์‹์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ง€์‹์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
Moreover, the grammar area has a lot of conceptual knowledge while the writing area only has a lot of procedural knowledge.
์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์˜ค๊ฐํ˜• ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
As previously noted, the knowledge kinds will be rendered in a larger regular pentagon form than the one shown in the current image if they are distributed equally throughout all domains.
ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋™์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ข€ ๋” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์„ค์ •์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.
More varied accomplishment standards must be included in the updated curriculum going forward so that students can use a variety of cognitive processes while studying.
๊ต๊ณผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ์ „ํ†ต์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ง„์ˆ ์€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ์ƒ ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It will be simple to articulate the purpose if the subject has a long educational history or if the shared knowledge is obvious as academic core information, but it may be challenging in the case of the arts or a newly emerging discipline.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทน๋ณต ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€ ํšŒํ”ผํ•ด์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If the significance of educational objectives is accepted, these issues should be resolved rather than avoided.
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ˆ˜ํ•™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต๊ณผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉํ™”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
When creating crucial assessment instruments like curriculum development, College Scholastic Ability Test, and national level academic performance evaluation, Korean subjects have, up to this point, lagged behind other subjects in the implementation of the taxonomy of educational aims.
์ด๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต๊ณผ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
When contrasted with examples from other courses, such as physics and social studies, this reality becomes clear.
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ž์„ธํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
Of course, it is also true that there are worries that if the national curriculum is overly comprehensive, it may restrict local or school-level education's autonomy.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ •๋ณด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ต์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
However, because the national curriculum serves as the benchmark and the foundation for textbook production, class planning, and evaluation in schools, it is essential to make the most of its own information and communication.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
It is therefore believed that the meaning of the teacher's sentence can be determined based on this.
๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์— ๋งก๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋ชซ์ด ํฐ ๋งŒํผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์งˆ์  ํญ๋„ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์ปค์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It can be claimed that the quality of the actual lessons has grown significantly due to the size of the role left to teachers' judgment and experience.
๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐœํœ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The process of generating textbooks based on the national level curriculum or the stage of planning and practicing actual courses can both effectively illustrate strengthening teachers' autonomy and maximizing learning contents.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์˜ ์˜คํ•ด์™€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€๋งŒ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค.
Therefore, there's a good chance that merely the achievement requirements as they're currently stated, which are extremely high, can lead to misunderstanding and confusion in needless interpretation.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์šฑ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.
Therefore, even though it is a national-level curriculum, it is determined that it will be of tremendous assistance to instructors and students who will use it to develop and present more precise and organized success standards in a variety of ways than are currently used.
๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ์œ„๊ณ„๋„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
It was also discovered that the grade structure was not taken into account.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The national-level curriculum's achievement standards were examined in this study.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ๋‹จ์›๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์‹œ๋ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
However, because actual classroom instruction is largely textbook-centered, it is important to look at how the objectives of each unit and class in the elementary school Korean textbooks, which represent the current curriculum, are achieved.
์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์•ˆ๋œ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ๋‹จ์›๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์‹œ ๋ณ„ ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹  ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฉด์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
As a result, as a follow-up study to this study, the new taxonomy of educational objectives is applied and analyzed for the learning goals of each unit and class of the current Korean textbooks for elementary school, which are created based on the curriculum achievement standards, and this will be announced in a different space.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ ์ง๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Therefore, having a positive and developing nursing professional intuition is crucial for nursing students, who will shape the field's future.
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ์ง์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ์‹๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ์ง๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
In fact, the nursing profession needs to investigate if it is important to incorporate this into the curricula for schools and how conceptions of both masculinity and femininity affect the development of nursing professionalism.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์„ฑ์—ญํ•  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ์ง๊ด€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
Study Purpose. The precise objectives of this study are to confirm nursing college studentsโ€™ level of gender role conflict and gender sensitivity and to comprehend the impact on nursing professionalism.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์—ญํ•  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์—ญํ•  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ์ง๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.
There isnโ€™t much research, however, that looks at the level of gender role conflict among female nursing college students or the connection between that conflict and nursing professionalism.
์„ฑ์—ญํ•  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.
Male and female gender role conflict measuring techniques are often separated.
์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ 19 ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŽธ์˜์ถ”์ถœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Data gathering Convenience extraction was carried out online in this study due to the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic condition and subject matter.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋™์˜์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์••๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์ด ์ž์œจ์ ์ธ ์˜์ง€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ ์ œ์ถœ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
Consent to participate in the study was permitted to be determined autonomously without outside pressure, and research subjects were asked to submit a written consent form in order to engage in the study, while those who did not were disqualified from participating.
ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ž„์ƒ์‹ค์Šต์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž„์ƒ์‹ค์Šต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐ’์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์‘๋‹ต ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
In the regression analysis, since there is no value for clinical practice satisfaction if you choose not to participate in clinical practice after getting advice from a statistics professor, it was processed as a non-response before statistical analysis was carried out.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™๋…„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ์ง๊ด€ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
The level of nursing professionalism must therefore be continually studied while taking into account a wider range of circumstances and variables.
์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚จ์ž ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ฑ์—ญํ•  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜ ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ์ง๊ด€์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.
A strong view that male nurses are unsuitable leads to gender role conflict, which is regarded to have an impact on nursing professionalism because nursing is still a profession where the traits and values of women are significant.
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ž ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋ฌธ์ง๊ด€์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
However, it was discovered that developing a plan to lessen conflict for female students or nurses had a big impact on raising nursing students' professionalism.
๊ทผ๋Œ€์ •์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์—ผ์ƒ์„ญ์€ ์†Œ์„ค ์ˆ˜ํ•„ ํ‰๋ก  ๋“ฑ 500์—ฌ ํŽธ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค.
Yeom Sang-seop is a realist author with a contemporary perspective who has produced numerous works, leaving behind 500 articles in total, including novels, essays, and critiques.
ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋จผ์ € ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Although he began his career as a critic and served as a representative critic in the early 1920s, he is currently best recognized as a novelist.
์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์กฐ์„ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€์˜ ์•”์šธํ•œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์ธ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ธ๋‹ค.
In this work, he portrays a passive academic who is aware of the grim reality of the colony through the journey from Japan to Joseon yet unable to put reform into practice.
์ดํ›„์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A similar pattern can also be seen in later works.
์šฐ์„  ๋ด‰๊ฑด์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ๊ต์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€ ์ถ•์ฒฉ์ œ๋„ ๋‚จ์•„์„ ํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Feudal ideals include Confucian principles, the concubinage system, and son preference.
๋˜ ์กฐ์˜๊ด€์€ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜์›์ง‘์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์†Œ์œ„ ๊ฐœํ™” ์ง€์‹์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์ƒํ›ˆ๋„ ํ™๊ฒฝ์• ์™€ ๊น€์˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Joui-gwan, a purportedly enlightened intellectual, also has Kyungae Hong and Kim Eui-gyeong as concubines, while Jo Sang-hun owns Mrs. Suwon as his second wife.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์˜๊ด€์€ ์†์ž ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์›๋Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์†์ž์ธ ๋•๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Joui-gwan, an older man with a grandson, is frantic to have more boys through Mrs. Suwon' and wants to give his grandson Deokgi full control of the family.
์šฐ์„  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ด์™€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋…์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ง€์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
First, it should be noted that this was a time when society was transitioning to a capitalist one and, thus, a time when socialist philosophy was prevalent.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ž‘ ํ’ˆ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์šด๋™ ๋“ฑ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜์‹๊ณผ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.
Additionally, the socialist movement depicted in this work demonstrates the presence of class consciousness and capitalist-centered class conflict during the period.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 1920๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ด‰๊ฑด์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋“ฑ ์ด๋…์ด ์ถฉ๋Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It can be claimed that ideological conflicts, such as disputes between generations and conflicts between classes, occurred as a result of the 1920s' coexistence of feudalistic norms and contemporary principles.
1920๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์ด๋ž€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Literature on utilitarian familism and family discourse from the 1920s have close relationships with the era in which the piece was written.
์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™” ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The artist embodies and reflects in his work what he has observed in a society and culture.
์ฆ‰ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์š”์†Œ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ์žฌ์  ์š”์†Œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In other words, it can be claimed that important approaches include both the extrinsic and intrinsic components of a work.
์ฆ‰ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ž‘๋™์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ด์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Namely, the discourse that develops inside a society reflects the production and use of power at the time.
์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ์ธ์ •์ฃผ ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋“ฑ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์น˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The traditional essential values of Korea's social structure include kinship, familism, and recognition, and among these, it can be argued that familism has evolved following the changes in sociopolitical and economic circumstances.
๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๊ทผ์นœ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๋œ ์ œ๋„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์™€ ์•„์ด ์–‘์œก์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The family is a social structure based on incestuous relationships, which has the characteristics of a household revolving around the division of labor between the person in charge of livelihood and the rarer.
๊ฐ€์กฑ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ƒ์€ ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋…น์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
One could argue that our culture, including governmental institutions, is permeated with the stereotyped notion of family life.
์ „๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ญ‡ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As compared to the idea of the contemporary family, the pre-modern family had a quite different connotation.
์ „๊ทผ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ •์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In a pre-modern meaning, the family is not a conventional, dependent relationship but a social entity that forms the basis of production, reproduction, and economy.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์•ˆ์‹์ฒ˜์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A modern or contemporary family, on the other hand, is expected to serve as a refuge based on love and empathy beyond the physical security of its members.
์ด๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •์„œ์  ์•ˆ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As the capitalist system is formed and some degree of economic stability is realized, it can be claimed that the expectation for the role as an economic unit of production is decreased, while the role for emotional stability based on romantic love is reinforced.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ์„ค๋“ค์— ์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ œ์˜ ์ง•์šฉ ํ˜น์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™์— ํˆฌ์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
As a result, the male head of the home in many novels published at the time is portrayed as being incompetent or lazy or as being absent because of Japan's conscription or his devotion to the independence movement.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์  ๋”์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Modern familism with class and gender tensions can be broadly divided into two categories in a time of societal upheaval.
๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The family is essentially a community of producers and consumers, and one of its key functions is to safeguard its members from society.
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ๋‹ค.
Naturally, as time passes, utilitarian familism's definition likewise evolves.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ƒ์ธต๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜์ธต๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜์‹์ฃผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the case of Korea, during the feudal era, it was associated with the utilitarian purpose of family honor for the higher class people, and it was a place that provided a means of subsistence for the lower class people by providing food, clothing, and shelter.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ œ ๊ฐ•์ ๊ธฐ ์ „์Ÿ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ƒ์กด์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์ฒด๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
However, the family served as a crucial institution for both survival and national progress during the war and industrialization of the Japanese colonial period.
1920๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋ช…์˜ˆ์™€ ์ƒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The family is not only the basis of dignity and livelihood in the 1920s, a transitional time from the feudal era to contemporary capitalism, but it can also be claimed that it is mixed by acknowledging the difference between classes.
๋˜ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์ด ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Additionally, the satisfaction of specific family members remained subordinate to the group's overall wellbeing.
ํ•œํŽธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์  ์งˆ์„œ์™€ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค.
On the other hand, the old-fashioned father is associated historically with the feudal order and power of the early modern age.
์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ƒ์กด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์„œ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The emotional function became the primary purpose of the family when the capitalist system was established and modernized in order to relieve tension and stress brought on by the struggle for survival in society.
์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์†Œ์„ค๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์„œ์  ์š•๊ตฌ ์ถฉ์กฑ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It can be claimed that the family prioritizes meeting emotional needs in the literature from this time period.
์กฐ์˜๊ด€์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์กฑ๋ณด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ด‰๊ฑด์  ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Joui-gwan even goes as far as buying and selling pedigrees to protect the honor of his family, which illustrates that he regards the utilitarian function in a feudal sense as important.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ƒํ›ˆ์€ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Meanwhile, Jo Sang-hun rejects the feudal order of his father and comes into conflict with him but recognizes him as a place to rely on for life and livelihood.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘ํ™”์—๊ฒŒ ๋•๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃผ์•„์™€ ํ”„๋กค๋ ˆํƒ€๋ฆฌ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋А๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋œ๋‹ค.
To Byeonghwa, who is participating in the socialism movement, family is recognized as a place where he can feel the difference between bourgeois and proletariat.
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ์˜๊ด€ ์ƒํ›ˆ ๋•๊ธฐ ์‚ผ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ž˜ ํ•„์ˆœ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
One revolves around the three generations, Joui-gwan, Sanghun, and Deokgi, while the other is focused on female characters such as Gyeongrae and Pilsun.
๋ด‰๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ์™€ ๋ช…๋ถ„์ด ์ค‘์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
One can say families in a feudal society are patriarchal and regard family honor and pretext as important.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด์˜ฌ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ช…์˜ˆ์™€ ๋ช…๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋Œ€์น˜๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
But with the arrival of modern society, honor and pretext are gradually replaced with the capital problem of economical values.
์กฐ์˜๊ด€์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฑ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งค๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋‹น์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•œ์ฐธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์›๋Œ ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์•„๋“ค ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋” ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„์„ ํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Joui-gwan trades pedigrees for family honor, regards ancestral rites as important, tries to protect the shrine, and has preference for sons, which means that he wants to have as many sons as possible with Mrs. Suown, who is much younger than him.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์œ„์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
But at the same time, he is also aware that the value of money is an important condition to keep the familyโ€™s authority.
์กฐ์˜๊ด€์€ ๊ตฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋Š” ์กฑ๋ณด์—๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž๋ณธ์—๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Joui-gwan is an old-fashioned figure but knows that a familyโ€™s honor depends not just on the pedigree but on capital.
๊ฐ€์กฑ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ๊ฐ€์žฅ์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
He also maintains the patriarchal family headโ€™s authority in his family.
์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธˆ๊ณ ์™€ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์กฐ์˜๊ด€์˜ ์ง‘์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์•ˆ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
It administers the household finances, the safe, and the keys, and family members often gather around Joui-gwanโ€™s house.
๊ณต๋ฆฌ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It can be observed that in a society where utilitarian familism predominated, the authority of the head of the household is upheld by faithfully carrying out the economic responsibilities of the head of the family.
์ด๋•Œ ์กฐ์˜๊ด€์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋ด‰๊ฑด์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Joui-gwan's utilitarian familism here is comparable to the structure and function of a feudal system.
๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ถ” ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๊ณ ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋‹น์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It is clear that the feudal family ideology was upheld by prioritizing the stability of the family unit, or the family, over the happiness of the individual and by retaining the safe and the key to the shrine until the very end.
ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒํ›ˆ์€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์žฌ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์‚ฌ์—๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Sanghun, in particular, depends on his father's riches, but since he follows Christianity, he avoids the ancestral traditions that his father values highly.
์ด๋Š” ์กฐ์˜๊ด€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
From Joui-gwan's perspective, this action undermines the father's authority and cannot preserve the family's honor.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ์ƒํ›ˆ์€ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์  ์งˆ์„œ ์ฆ‰ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋„์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ•์ฒฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Jo Sang-hun, however, consistently questions the authority of his father and the feudal order, albeit he occasionally presents a double standard by taking concubines.
์ƒํ›ˆ์€ ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
Sanghun is characterized as having conflicting ideas about the time of transition, and the inconsistent and dual personality he displays may be a normal byproduct of the chaotic times.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ž๋ณธ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์พŒ๋ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ด‰๊ฑด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒฉ๋„ ๋งˆ๋‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
He is a devout Christian, well-educated, and progressive in his views, but he wants to rely on his father's wealth and is willing to take a concubine, the very definition of feudal society, for his own amusement.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ด‰๊ฑด์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ณ„์™€ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
He is a transitional figure who has the contradictions of both eras, from the feudal family ideology to the modern family ideology, and one could say he recognizes the family as a utilitarian meaning that provides livelihood and hedonic consumption.
๋•๊ธฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Deokgi rejects his father's conflicting and duplicitous actions as well.
์ƒํ›ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
He doesn't challenge his father like Sanghun does but believes that he should view his actions negatively and live a different life.
๋•๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ƒํ›ˆ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์  ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์ˆœ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์—์„œ ์ž˜ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
Deokgiโ€™s attitude toward Pilsun shows that he denies the duplicitous behaviors of his father, Sanghun.
๋•๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ถ•์ฒฉ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋˜๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Deokgi keeps telling himself that he shouldn't have concubines as his father did.
ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์ฃผ์˜์  ์ธ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์งˆ์„œ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It can be perceived as questioning the order of his father, who is nothing more than a feudalistic figure, albeit appearing to be enlightened on the outside.
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์กฐ์˜๊ด€์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…๋งฅ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚™์ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
But because of his placid demeanor, his grandfather Joui-gwan trusts and chooses him to guard the family's assets and lives.
๋•๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ด‰๊ฑด์  ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์—๋Š” ๋„์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธˆ๊ณ ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋‹น์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
Deokgi is aware that his grandfather is a feudal character, yet he accepts his authority and receives the safe and shrine key as a result.
๊ทธ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Additionally, he acknowledges the family as the foundation of life and livelihood in a utilitarian sense.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ด์–ด๋ฐ›์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋„์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.
He demonstrates how you can try to live a different life than that of your grandfather or fatherโ€™s generation by inheriting the family fortune.
์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The family's economic role revolves around the male leader of the home.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด๋Šฅ์ด ์€ํ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In certain cases, women's activities serve to mask the father's absence or incapacity.
์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ์• ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์ง€ ๋งŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
For instance, Kyeong Ae, a very intelligent female character, deals with her father's absence because he was killed during the communist movement.
์ดํ›„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒํ›ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ฆ‰ ๋‚จํŽธ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
After that, she pursued higher education and worked as a teacher to support her family as the female earner, but she also suffered the absence of her childrenโ€™s father, or her husband, when she had a child with Sanghun.
์ถœ์‚ฐ ํ›„ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์•„์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธ‰์ผ์„ ๋งˆ๋‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
She was unable to work as a teacher after giving birth, so she didn't think twice about taking a job as a maid to help support her mother, her kids, and herself.
ํ•„์ˆœ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์šด๋™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
Due to the socialist movement, Pilsun's father is unable to conduct business.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋•๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ํ•™ ์ œ์•ˆ๋„ ๋งˆ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์œ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฌ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
In addition, he declines Deok-ki's invitation to study abroad as he believes he must make a sacrifice for his family because, if he goes, he won't be able to support them.