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category stringclasses 8 values	messages listlengths 2 2	prompt stringlengths 5 23.6k
creative_writing	[ { "content": "Explain why Key West is a great location for a vacation.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Key West is a great place to go for various reasons. It provides a lot of the same allure that the Caribbean offers, however, still remains within the US. Therefore, you do not have to worry about a passport, customs, or anything that deals with traveling internationally. It sits as an island off the coast of mainland Florida and has some of the clearest blue water. While it is an island and has several beaches, it also has a great downtown. Duvall street specifically is filled with restaurants, bars, shops and other attractions for tourists. It is a ton of fun and has something for everyone. For some people who just want to sit near the water and relax, its great for that - for someone who likes to be active and enjoy going out at night it has that as well. With so many options, it's a great destination for couples as well as groups of people depending on the occasion. Between everything mentioned and not having to worry about going through customs, forgetting your passport (or anything else that can happen when traveling internationally), etc - Key West serves as a relatively lower maintenance excursion, while reaping the same benefits as going somewhere tropical.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Explain why Key West is a great location for a vacation.
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the difference between a putter and a driver in golf?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In golf, a driver is generally used from the tee box to hit the ball as far as possible at the beginning of a hole. A putter is used when on the green to hit the ball short distances on the ground into the hole.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the difference between a putter and a driver in golf?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me a list of science fiction books that every sci-fi fan should read.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following books are strongly recommended for any science fiction fan to read:\n- The Three Body Problem Trilogy by Cixin Liu\n- Dune by Frank Herbert\n- The Robot Series by Isaac Asimov\n- Foundation Trilogy by Isaac Asimov\n- Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card\n- A Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams\n- The Stand by Stephen King\n- The Children of Men by PD James", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me a list of science fiction books that every sci-fi fan should read.
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me a list of Serie A winners in the last five years with corresponding points.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "2021-2022: AC Milan, 86\n2020-2021: Inter, 91\n2019-2020: Juventus, 83\n2018-2019: Juventus, 90\n2017-2018: Juventus, 95", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me a list of Serie A winners in the last five years with corresponding points.
closed_qa	[ { "content": "TThe first AI winter 1974–1980\nIn the 1970s, AI was subject to critiques and financial setbacks. AI researchers had failed to appreciate the difficulty of the problems they faced. Their tremendous optimism had raised expectations impossibly high, and when the promised results failed to materialize, funding for AI disappeared. At the same time, the field of connectionism (or neural nets) was shut down almost completely for 10 years by Marvin Minsky's devastating criticism of perceptrons. Despite the difficulties with public perception of AI in the late 70s, new ideas were explored in logic programming, commonsense reasoning and many other areas.\n\nThe problems\nIn the early seventies, the capabilities of AI programs were limited. Even the most impressive could only handle trivial versions of the problems they were supposed to solve; all the programs were, in some sense, \"toys\". AI researchers had begun to run into several fundamental limits that could not be overcome in the 1970s. Although some of these limits would be conquered in later decades, others still stymie the field to this day.\n\nLimited computer power: There was not enough memory or processing speed to accomplish anything truly useful. For example, Ross Quillian's successful work on natural language was demonstrated with a vocabulary of only twenty words, because that was all that would fit in memory. Hans Moravec argued in 1976 that computers were still millions of times too weak to exhibit intelligence. He suggested an analogy: artificial intelligence requires computer power in the same way that aircraft require horsepower. Below a certain threshold, it's impossible, but, as power increases, eventually it could become easy. With regard to computer vision, Moravec estimated that simply matching the edge and motion detection capabilities of human retina in real time would require a general-purpose computer capable of 109 operations/second (1000 MIPS). As of 2011, practical computer vision applications require 10,000 to 1,000,000 MIPS. By comparison, the fastest supercomputer in 1976, Cray-1 (retailing at $5 million to $8 million), was only capable of around 80 to 130 MIPS, and a typical desktop computer at the time achieved less than 1 MIPS.\nIntractability and the combinatorial explosion. In 1972 Richard Karp (building on Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem) showed there are many problems that can probably only be solved in exponential time (in the size of the inputs). Finding optimal solutions to these problems requires unimaginable amounts of computer time except when the problems are trivial. This almost certainly meant that many of the \"toy\" solutions used by AI would probably never scale up into useful systems.\nCommonsense knowledge and reasoning. Many important artificial intelligence applications like vision or natural language require simply enormous amounts of information about the world: the program needs to have some idea of what it might be looking at or what it is talking about. This requires that the program know most of the same things about the world that a child does. Researchers soon discovered that this was a truly vast amount of information. No one in 1970 could build a database so large and no one knew how a program might learn so much information.\nMoravec's paradox: Proving theorems and solving geometry problems is comparatively easy for computers, but a supposedly simple task like recognizing a face or crossing a room without bumping into anything is extremely difficult. This helps explain why research into vision and robotics had made so little progress by the middle 1970s.\nThe frame and qualification problems. AI researchers (like John McCarthy) who used logic discovered that they could not represent ordinary deductions that involved planning or default reasoning without making changes to the structure of logic itself. They developed new logics (like non-monotonic logics and modal logics) to try to solve the problems.\nThe end of funding\nSee also: AI winter\nThe agencies which funded AI research (such as the British government, DARPA and NRC) became frustrated with the lack of progress and eventually cut off almost all funding for undirected research into AI. The pattern began as early as 1966 when the ALPAC report appeared criticizing machine translation efforts. After spending 20 million dollars, the NRC ended all support. In 1973, the Lighthill report on the state of AI research in England criticized the utter failure of AI to achieve its \"grandiose objectives\" and led to the dismantling of AI research in that country. (The report specifically mentioned the combinatorial explosion problem as a reason for AI's failings.) DARPA was deeply disappointed with researchers working on the Speech Understanding Research program at CMU and canceled an annual grant of three million dollars. By 1974, funding for AI projects was hard to find.\n\nHans Moravec blamed the crisis on the unrealistic predictions of his colleagues. \"Many researchers were caught up in a web of increasing exaggeration.\" However, there was another issue: since the passage of the Mansfield Amendment in 1969, DARPA had been under increasing pressure to fund \"mission-oriented direct research, rather than basic undirected research\". Funding for the creative, freewheeling exploration that had gone on in the 60s would not come from DARPA. Instead, the money was directed at specific projects with clear objectives, such as autonomous tanks and battle management systems.\n\nCritiques from across campus\nSee also: Philosophy of artificial intelligence\nSeveral philosophers had strong objections to the claims being made by AI researchers. One of the earliest was John Lucas, who argued that Gödel's incompleteness theorem showed that a formal system (such as a computer program) could never see the truth of certain statements, while a human being could. Hubert Dreyfus ridiculed the broken promises of the 1960s and critiqued the assumptions of AI, arguing that human reasoning actually involved very little \"symbol processing\" and a great deal of embodied, instinctive, unconscious \"know how\". John Searle's Chinese Room argument, presented in 1980, attempted to show that a program could not be said to \"understand\" the symbols that it uses (a quality called \"intentionality\"). If the symbols have no meaning for the machine, Searle argued, then the machine can not be described as \"thinking\".\n\nThese critiques were not taken seriously by AI researchers, often because they seemed so far off the point. Problems like intractability and commonsense knowledge seemed much more immediate and serious. It was unclear what difference \"know how\" or \"intentionality\" made to an actual computer program. Minsky said of Dreyfus and Searle \"they misunderstand, and should be ignored.\" Dreyfus, who taught at MIT, was given a cold shoulder: he later said that AI researchers \"dared not be seen having lunch with me.\" Joseph Weizenbaum, the author of ELIZA, felt his colleagues' treatment of Dreyfus was unprofessional and childish. Although he was an outspoken critic of Dreyfus' positions, he \"deliberately made it plain that theirs was not the way to treat a human being.\"\n\nWeizenbaum began to have serious ethical doubts about AI when Kenneth Colby wrote a \"computer program which can conduct psychotherapeutic dialogue\" based on ELIZA. Weizenbaum was disturbed that Colby saw a mindless program as a serious therapeutic tool. A feud began, and the situation was not helped when Colby did not credit Weizenbaum for his contribution to the program. In 1976, Weizenbaum published Computer Power and Human Reason which argued that the misuse of artificial intelligence has the potential to devalue human life.\n\nPerceptrons and the attack on connectionism\nA perceptron was a form of neural network introduced in 1958 by Frank Rosenblatt, who had been a schoolmate of Marvin Minsky at the Bronx High School of Science. Like most AI researchers, he was optimistic about their power, predicting that \"perceptron may eventually be able to learn, make decisions, and translate languages.\" An active research program into the paradigm was carried out throughout the 1960s but came to a sudden halt with the publication of Minsky and Papert's 1969 book Perceptrons. It suggested that there were severe limitations to what perceptrons could do and that Frank Rosenblatt's predictions had been grossly exaggerated. The effect of the book was devastating: virtually no research at all was done in connectionism for 10 years. Eventually, a new generation of researchers would revive the field and thereafter it would become a vital and useful part of artificial intelligence. Rosenblatt would not live to see this, as he died in a boating accident shortly after the book was published.\n\nLogic and symbolic reasoning: the \"neats\"\nLogic was introduced into AI research as early as 1959, by John McCarthy in his Advice Taker proposal. In 1963, J. Alan Robinson had discovered a simple method to implement deduction on computers, the resolution and unification algorithm. However, straightforward implementations, like those attempted by McCarthy and his students in the late 1960s, were especially intractable: the programs required astronomical numbers of steps to prove simple theorems. A more fruitful approach to logic was developed in the 1970s by Robert Kowalski at the University of Edinburgh, and soon this led to the collaboration with French researchers Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Roussel who created the successful logic programming language Prolog. Prolog uses a subset of logic (Horn clauses, closely related to \"rules\" and \"production rules\") that permit tractable computation. Rules would continue to be influential, providing a foundation for Edward Feigenbaum's expert systems and the continuing work by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon that would lead to Soar and their unified theories of cognition.\n\nCritics of the logical approach noted, as Dreyfus had, that human beings rarely used logic when they solved problems. Experiments by psychologists like Peter Wason, Eleanor Rosch, Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman and others provided proof. McCarthy responded that what people do is irrelevant. He argued that what is really needed are machines that can solve problems—not machines that think as people do.\n\nFrames and scripts: the \"scuffles\"\nAmong the critics of McCarthy's approach were his colleagues across the country at MIT. Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert and Roger Schank were trying to solve problems like \"story understanding\" and \"object recognition\" that required a machine to think like a person. In order to use ordinary concepts like \"chair\" or \"restaurant\" they had to make all the same illogical assumptions that people normally made. Unfortunately, imprecise concepts like these are hard to represent in logic. Gerald Sussman observed that \"using precise language to describe essentially imprecise concepts doesn't make them any more precise.\" Schank described their \"anti-logic\" approaches as \"scruffy\", as opposed to the \"neat\" paradigms used by McCarthy, Kowalski, Feigenbaum, Newell and Simon.\n\nIn 1975, in a seminal paper, Minsky noted that many of his fellow \"scruffy\" researchers were using the same kind of tool: a framework that captures all our common sense assumptions about something. For example, if we use the concept of a bird, there is a constellation of facts that immediately come to mind: we might assume that it flies, eats worms and so on. We know these facts are not always true and that deductions using these facts will not be \"logical\", but these structured sets of assumptions are part of the context of everything we say and think. He called these structures \"frames\". Schank used a version of frames he called \"scripts\" to successfully answer questions about short stories in English. What factors contributed to the decline of AI research in the 1970s?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Unrealistic expectations, a lack of funding, the challenge of producing significant results, and the discovery of a number of fundamental limitations that AI scientists could not overcome in the 1970s all contributed to the decline of AI research in that decade", "role": "assistant" } ]	TThe first AI winter 1974–1980 In the 1970s, AI was subject to critiques and financial setbacks. AI researchers had failed to appreciate the difficulty of the problems they faced. Their tremendous optimism had raised expectations impossibly high, and when the promised results failed to materialize, funding for AI disappeared. At the same time, the field of connectionism (or neural nets) was shut down almost completely for 10 years by Marvin Minsky's devastating criticism of perceptrons. Despite the difficulties with public perception of AI in the late 70s, new ideas were explored in logic programming, commonsense reasoning and many other areas. The problems In the early seventies, the capabilities of AI programs were limited. Even the most impressive could only handle trivial versions of the problems they were supposed to solve; all the programs were, in some sense, "toys". AI researchers had begun to run into several fundamental limits that could not be overcome in the 1970s. Although some of these limits would be conquered in later decades, others still stymie the field to this day. Limited computer power: There was not enough memory or processing speed to accomplish anything truly useful. For example, Ross Quillian's successful work on natural language was demonstrated with a vocabulary of only twenty words, because that was all that would fit in memory. Hans Moravec argued in 1976 that computers were still millions of times too weak to exhibit intelligence. He suggested an analogy: artificial intelligence requires computer power in the same way that aircraft require horsepower. Below a certain threshold, it's impossible, but, as power increases, eventually it could become easy. With regard to computer vision, Moravec estimated that simply matching the edge and motion detection capabilities of human retina in real time would require a general-purpose computer capable of 109 operations/second (1000 MIPS). As of 2011, practical computer vision applications require 10,000 to 1,000,000 MIPS. By comparison, the fastest supercomputer in 1976, Cray-1 (retailing at $5 million to $8 million), was only capable of around 80 to 130 MIPS, and a typical desktop computer at the time achieved less than 1 MIPS. Intractability and the combinatorial explosion. In 1972 Richard Karp (building on Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem) showed there are many problems that can probably only be solved in exponential time (in the size of the inputs). Finding optimal solutions to these problems requires unimaginable amounts of computer time except when the problems are trivial. This almost certainly meant that many of the "toy" solutions used by AI would probably never scale up into useful systems. Commonsense knowledge and reasoning. Many important artificial intelligence applications like vision or natural language require simply enormous amounts of information about the world: the program needs to have some idea of what it might be looking at or what it is talking about. This requires that the program know most of the same things about the world that a child does. Researchers soon discovered that this was a truly vast amount of information. No one in 1970 could build a database so large and no one knew how a program might learn so much information. Moravec's paradox: Proving theorems and solving geometry problems is comparatively easy for computers, but a supposedly simple task like recognizing a face or crossing a room without bumping into anything is extremely difficult. This helps explain why research into vision and robotics had made so little progress by the middle 1970s. The frame and qualification problems. AI researchers (like John McCarthy) who used logic discovered that they could not represent ordinary deductions that involved planning or default reasoning without making changes to the structure of logic itself. They developed new logics (like non-monotonic logics and modal logics) to try to solve the problems. The end of funding See also: AI winter The agencies which funded AI research (such as the British government, DARPA and NRC) became frustrated with the lack of progress and eventually cut off almost all funding for undirected research into AI. The pattern began as early as 1966 when the ALPAC report appeared criticizing machine translation efforts. After spending 20 million dollars, the NRC ended all support. In 1973, the Lighthill report on the state of AI research in England criticized the utter failure of AI to achieve its "grandiose objectives" and led to the dismantling of AI research in that country. (The report specifically mentioned the combinatorial explosion problem as a reason for AI's failings.) DARPA was deeply disappointed with researchers working on the Speech Understanding Research program at CMU and canceled an annual grant of three million dollars. By 1974, funding for AI projects was hard to find. Hans Moravec blamed the crisis on the unrealistic predictions of his colleagues. "Many researchers were caught up in a web of increasing exaggeration." However, there was another issue: since the passage of the Mansfield Amendment in 1969, DARPA had been under increasing pressure to fund "mission-oriented direct research, rather than basic undirected research". Funding for the creative, freewheeling exploration that had gone on in the 60s would not come from DARPA. Instead, the money was directed at specific projects with clear objectives, such as autonomous tanks and battle management systems. Critiques from across campus See also: Philosophy of artificial intelligence Several philosophers had strong objections to the claims being made by AI researchers. One of the earliest was John Lucas, who argued that Gödel's incompleteness theorem showed that a formal system (such as a computer program) could never see the truth of certain statements, while a human being could. Hubert Dreyfus ridiculed the broken promises of the 1960s and critiqued the assumptions of AI, arguing that human reasoning actually involved very little "symbol processing" and a great deal of embodied, instinctive, unconscious "know how". John Searle's Chinese Room argument, presented in 1980, attempted to show that a program could not be said to "understand" the symbols that it uses (a quality called "intentionality"). If the symbols have no meaning for the machine, Searle argued, then the machine can not be described as "thinking". These critiques were not taken seriously by AI researchers, often because they seemed so far off the point. Problems like intractability and commonsense knowledge seemed much more immediate and serious. It was unclear what difference "know how" or "intentionality" made to an actual computer program. Minsky said of Dreyfus and Searle "they misunderstand, and should be ignored." Dreyfus, who taught at MIT, was given a cold shoulder: he later said that AI researchers "dared not be seen having lunch with me." Joseph Weizenbaum, the author of ELIZA, felt his colleagues' treatment of Dreyfus was unprofessional and childish. Although he was an outspoken critic of Dreyfus' positions, he "deliberately made it plain that theirs was not the way to treat a human being." Weizenbaum began to have serious ethical doubts about AI when Kenneth Colby wrote a "computer program which can conduct psychotherapeutic dialogue" based on ELIZA. Weizenbaum was disturbed that Colby saw a mindless program as a serious therapeutic tool. A feud began, and the situation was not helped when Colby did not credit Weizenbaum for his contribution to the program. In 1976, Weizenbaum published Computer Power and Human Reason which argued that the misuse of artificial intelligence has the potential to devalue human life. Perceptrons and the attack on connectionism A perceptron was a form of neural network introduced in 1958 by Frank Rosenblatt, who had been a schoolmate of Marvin Minsky at the Bronx High School of Science. Like most AI researchers, he was optimistic about their power, predicting that "perceptron may eventually be able to learn, make decisions, and translate languages." An active research program into the paradigm was carried out throughout the 1960s but came to a sudden halt with the publication of Minsky and Papert's 1969 book Perceptrons. It suggested that there were severe limitations to what perceptrons could do and that Frank Rosenblatt's predictions had been grossly exaggerated. The effect of the book was devastating: virtually no research at all was done in connectionism for 10 years. Eventually, a new generation of researchers would revive the field and thereafter it would become a vital and useful part of artificial intelligence. Rosenblatt would not live to see this, as he died in a boating accident shortly after the book was published. Logic and symbolic reasoning: the "neats" Logic was introduced into AI research as early as 1959, by John McCarthy in his Advice Taker proposal. In 1963, J. Alan Robinson had discovered a simple method to implement deduction on computers, the resolution and unification algorithm. However, straightforward implementations, like those attempted by McCarthy and his students in the late 1960s, were especially intractable: the programs required astronomical numbers of steps to prove simple theorems. A more fruitful approach to logic was developed in the 1970s by Robert Kowalski at the University of Edinburgh, and soon this led to the collaboration with French researchers Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Roussel who created the successful logic programming language Prolog. Prolog uses a subset of logic (Horn clauses, closely related to "rules" and "production rules") that permit tractable computation. Rules would continue to be influential, providing a foundation for Edward Feigenbaum's expert systems and the continuing work by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon that would lead to Soar and their unified theories of cognition. Critics of the logical approach noted, as Dreyfus had, that human beings rarely used logic when they solved problems. Experiments by psychologists like Peter Wason, Eleanor Rosch, Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman and others provided proof. McCarthy responded that what people do is irrelevant. He argued that what is really needed are machines that can solve problems—not machines that think as people do. Frames and scripts: the "scuffles" Among the critics of McCarthy's approach were his colleagues across the country at MIT. Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert and Roger Schank were trying to solve problems like "story understanding" and "object recognition" that required a machine to think like a person. In order to use ordinary concepts like "chair" or "restaurant" they had to make all the same illogical assumptions that people normally made. Unfortunately, imprecise concepts like these are hard to represent in logic. Gerald Sussman observed that "using precise language to describe essentially imprecise concepts doesn't make them any more precise." Schank described their "anti-logic" approaches as "scruffy", as opposed to the "neat" paradigms used by McCarthy, Kowalski, Feigenbaum, Newell and Simon. In 1975, in a seminal paper, Minsky noted that many of his fellow "scruffy" researchers were using the same kind of tool: a framework that captures all our common sense assumptions about something. For example, if we use the concept of a bird, there is a constellation of facts that immediately come to mind: we might assume that it flies, eats worms and so on. We know these facts are not always true and that deductions using these facts will not be "logical", but these structured sets of assumptions are part of the context of everything we say and think. He called these structures "frames". Schank used a version of frames he called "scripts" to successfully answer questions about short stories in English. What factors contributed to the decline of AI research in the 1970s?
classification	[ { "content": "Tell me whether these objects float or sink in water: oil, leaves, boats, baseball, phone, coins", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Oil: Float\nLeaves: Float\nBoats: Float\nBaseball: Sink\nPhone: Sink\nCoins: Sink", "role": "assistant" } ]	Tell me whether these objects float or sink in water: oil, leaves, boats, baseball, phone, coins
open_qa	[ { "content": "What are the names of the different scores you can shoot for each hole when golfing?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following are the names for different scores you can shoot on a golf hole:\n- Hole-in-One: The hole was completed with only one shot.\n- Albatross: The hole was completed in 3 shots less than par.\n- Eagle: The hole was completed in 2 shots less than par.\n- Birdie: The hole was completed in 1 shot less than par.\n- Par: The hole was completed in the same number of shots as par.\n- Bogey: The hole was completed in 1 shot more than par.\n- Double Bogey: The hole was completed in 2 shots more than par.\n- Triple Bogey: The hole was completed in 3 shots more than par.\n- Quadruple Bogey: The hole was completed in 4 shots more than par.\n- Quintuple Bogey: The hole was completed in 5 shots more than par.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are the names of the different scores you can shoot for each hole when golfing?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What was Angie Thomas's first published novel?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "\"The Hate U Give\" which was released in 2017 and debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What was Angie Thomas's first published novel?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is the potential hydrogen of water?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alkaline is a water which has a potential hydrogen (ph) higher than 8.0. Water with a PH of 7.0 is distilled water, and water with a ph less than 7.0 is considered to be acidic. Alkaline water is supposed to be better for the body but you can argue that the acid in the stomach neutralizes the alkalinity so it doesn't have any health effect on the body. More research is needed to say whether or not alkaline water with a high PH is actually good for you.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the potential hydrogen of water?
creative_writing	[ { "content": "write a short poem about gratitude to my sister friends who lead Obon dancing with me every year", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A small group of women gather with me in the small country church in California to keep Japanese Obon (folk dancing) tradition alive in the community. The festival is open to the public and includes brightly colored kimonos, lanterns and japanese food. We carry the tradition for the next generation - children are dressed in traditional dress. These 8 - 10 sister-women keep the tradition of honoring our ancestors, keeping the family tradition and provide dance leadership to hundreds of people every year at the annual Obon festival. They sacrifice their time to teach and lead these dances every year. They are my sisters", "role": "assistant" } ]	write a short poem about gratitude to my sister friends who lead Obon dancing with me every year
open_qa	[ { "content": "How many members are there in Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) has 8 members", "role": "assistant" } ]	How many members are there in Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
brainstorming	[ { "content": "is daylight saving necessary at all?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Absolutely no! Daylight Savings originated around WWI in an effort to conserve fuel and electricity. US enacted the act to preserve Daylight saving time in 1918 and established standard time zone across the States. However, with modern power grids and diverse night life, Daylight Savings is seemingly not relevant today. A lot of people complain about the inconvenience in turning the clock back and forth twice a year. The rate of being late for schedules or air flights on the day of daylight saving starts or ends every year is much higher than any other day in a year. In fact, even in the US, Arizona and Hawaii do not recognize daylight saving time. So do a lot of other countries like China and Japan. For European countries, the daylight saving switch date differs from one to another. All the chaos of daylight saving cause more trouble in schedule across-region appointments and meetings than any benefits of it if we can think of any.", "role": "assistant" } ]	is daylight saving necessary at all?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is a triathlon?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A triathlon is a sport that combines three different events: swimming, biking and running, in that order. The reason for the order of events is that they proceed from more to less dangerous, so that the triathlete (as a triathlon participant is called) is most fresh and well-rested when they swim (so as to avoid drowning) and most exhausted during the run, when it is relatively less dangerous to make a mistake than it would be in the water or on a bicycle. Triathlons differ based on distance and terrain. They can be as short as a sprint event, which might include a swim as short as a single lap in a pool, or as long as an ironman triathlon, which includes a 2.4-mile swim, 112 miles of biking, and a full marathon. A common triathlon distance in between a spring and ironman is the olympic triathlon, which includes a 1.5-kilometer swim, 40 kilometer bike ride, and 10 kilometer run. Triathlons can take place anywhere where it is possible to do all three activities, including near a swimming pool, lake or open ocean. The run is most commonly done on a hard asphalt surface but can also take place on a dirt trail.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is a triathlon?
summarization	[ { "content": "The Dual Alliance (German: Zweibund, Hungarian: Kettős Szövetség) was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879, as part of Germany's Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. The two powers promised each other support in case of attack by Russia. Also, each state promised benevolent neutrality to the other if one of them was attacked by another European power (generally taken to be France, even more so after the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894). Bismarck saw the alliance as a way to prevent the isolation of the German Empire, which had just been founded a few years before, and to preserve peace, as Russia would not wage war against both empires.\n\nFormation\nWhen Austria-Hungary and Germany formed an alliance in 1879, it was one of the more surprising alliances of its time. Though both shared the German language and a similar culture, Austria-Hungary and Germany were often driven apart, most notably during the recent Austro-Prussian War. Additionally, the Habsburg rulers believed that the promotion of nationalism, which was favoured by Germany, would destroy their multinational empire. However, their common distrust of Russia brought both empires together for a common cause. What were the primary motivations for the Dual Alliance?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The primary motivations for the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary were peacemaking and protection. The alliance ensured that both Germany and Austria-Hungary would be safe from attack by Russia. The alliance also promoted peace between the two countries and other European powers.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Dual Alliance (German: Zweibund, Hungarian: Kettős Szövetség) was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879, as part of Germany's Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. The two powers promised each other support in case of attack by Russia. Also, each state promised benevolent neutrality to the other if one of them was attacked by another European power (generally taken to be France, even more so after the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894). Bismarck saw the alliance as a way to prevent the isolation of the German Empire, which had just been founded a few years before, and to preserve peace, as Russia would not wage war against both empires. Formation When Austria-Hungary and Germany formed an alliance in 1879, it was one of the more surprising alliances of its time. Though both shared the German language and a similar culture, Austria-Hungary and Germany were often driven apart, most notably during the recent Austro-Prussian War. Additionally, the Habsburg rulers believed that the promotion of nationalism, which was favoured by Germany, would destroy their multinational empire. However, their common distrust of Russia brought both empires together for a common cause. What were the primary motivations for the Dual Alliance?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Who (not Peter Sellers) played Inspector Clouseau in 1968", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alan Arkin", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who (not Peter Sellers) played Inspector Clouseau in 1968
information_extraction	[ { "content": "Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (/ˈbɔːrhɛs/; Spanish: [ˈboɾxes] (listen); 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, as well as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known books, Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are collections of short stories exploring themes of dreams, labyrinths, chance, infinity, archives, mirrors, fictional writers and mythology. Borges's works have contributed to philosophical literature and the fantasy genre, and have had a major influence on the magic realist movement in 20th century Latin American literature. Who is Jorge Luis Borges?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (/ˈbɔːrhɛs/; Spanish: [ˈboɾxes] (listen); 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, as well as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known books, Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are collections of short stories exploring themes of dreams, labyrinths, chance, infinity, archives, mirrors, fictional writers and mythology. Borges's works have contributed to philosophical literature and the fantasy genre, and have had a major influence on the magic realist movement in 20th century Latin American literature.\n\nBorn in Buenos Aires, Borges later moved with his family to Switzerland in 1914, where he studied at the Collège de Genève. The family travelled widely in Europe, including Spain. On his return to Argentina in 1921, Borges began publishing his poems and essays in surrealist literary journals. He also worked as a librarian and public lecturer. In 1955, he was appointed director of the National Public Library and professor of English Literature at the University of Buenos Aires. He became completely blind by the age of 55. Scholars have suggested that his progressive blindness helped him to create innovative literary symbols through imagination.[Note 1] By the 1960s, his work was translated and published widely in the United States and Europe. Borges himself was fluent in several languages.\n\nIn 1961, he came to international attention when he received the first Formentor Prize, which he shared with Samuel Beckett. In 1971, he won the Jerusalem Prize. His international reputation was consolidated in the 1960s, aided by the growing number of English translations, the Latin American Boom, and by the success of García Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude. He dedicated his final work, The Conspirators, to the city of Geneva, Switzerland. Writer and essayist J. M. Coetzee said of him: \"He, more than anyone, renovated the language of fiction and thus opened the way to a remarkable generation of Spanish-American novelists.\"", "role": "assistant" } ]	Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (/ˈbɔːrhɛs/; Spanish: [ˈboɾxes] (listen); 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, as well as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known books, Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are collections of short stories exploring themes of dreams, labyrinths, chance, infinity, archives, mirrors, fictional writers and mythology. Borges's works have contributed to philosophical literature and the fantasy genre, and have had a major influence on the magic realist movement in 20th century Latin American literature. Who is Jorge Luis Borges?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Can you recommend best taco places in Austin?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Guero's on S Congress offers great breakfast tacos with reasonable prices and diverse choices. Taco 620 can be hard to spot as it is a food truck located at the corner of FM 620 and FM 2222. But you can’t miss its delicious breakfast tacos. It offers only the classics: egg & potato and egg & cheese. The tacos are fresh, soft and tasty. For more formal choices for lunch or dinner, Cuantos on 12th St and Suerte on 6th St are Mexican restaurants with great seating area and lovely vibes for dating or friends/family gatherings.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Can you recommend best taco places in Austin?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Name some of the best tourist spots in USA?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Some of the best tourist spots in USA include Yellowstone National Park, Statue of Liberty, Grand Canyon National Park and Times Square", "role": "assistant" } ]	Name some of the best tourist spots in USA?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. When did WWII begin?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "WWII began in 1939 and lasted until 1945.", "role": "assistant" } ]	World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. When did WWII begin?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is often accompanied by a change of nutrition source or behavior. Animals can be divided into species that undergo complete metamorphosis (\"holometaboly\"), incomplete metamorphosis (\"hemimetaboly\"), or no metamorphosis (\"ametaboly\"). What type of creatures undergo Metamorphosis?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis", "role": "assistant" } ]	Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is often accompanied by a change of nutrition source or behavior. Animals can be divided into species that undergo complete metamorphosis ("holometaboly"), incomplete metamorphosis ("hemimetaboly"), or no metamorphosis ("ametaboly"). What type of creatures undergo Metamorphosis?
information_extraction	[ { "content": "Type\tPublic\nTraded as\t\nASX: WBC\nNZX: WBC\nS&P/ASX 200 component\nIndustry\tBanking\nFinancial services\nPredecessor\tBank of New South Wales\nCommercial Bank of Australia\nFounded\t8 April 1817 (as the Bank of New South Wales)\n4 May 1982 (as Westpac Banking Corporation)\nHeadquarters\tWestpac Place\nSydney, New South Wales, Australia\nArea served\tWorldwide\nKey people\tJohn McFarlane (Chairman)\nPeter King (CEO)\nProducts\tFinance and insurance, consumer banking, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, global wealth management, private equity, mortgages, credit cards\nOperating income\tIncrease A$21.22 billion (2021)\nNet income\tIncrease A$5.46 billion (2021)\nTotal assets\tIncrease A$935.88 billion (2021)\nTotal equity\tIncrease A$72.09 billion (2021)\nNumber of employees\t40,143 (2021)\nSubsidiaries\tSt George Bank\nBankSA\nBank of Melbourne\nWestpac New Zealand\nWebsite\t\nwestpac.com.au\nwestpac.co.nz Extract the 2021 Total Profit or Operating Income from the following text", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The 2021 Operating Income was A$21.22 billion", "role": "assistant" } ]	Type Public Traded as ASX: WBC NZX: WBC S&P/ASX 200 component Industry Banking Financial services Predecessor Bank of New South Wales Commercial Bank of Australia Founded 8 April 1817 (as the Bank of New South Wales) 4 May 1982 (as Westpac Banking Corporation) Headquarters Westpac Place Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Area served Worldwide Key people John McFarlane (Chairman) Peter King (CEO) Products Finance and insurance, consumer banking, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, global wealth management, private equity, mortgages, credit cards Operating income Increase A$21.22 billion (2021) Net income Increase A$5.46 billion (2021) Total assets Increase A$935.88 billion (2021) Total equity Increase A$72.09 billion (2021) Number of employees 40,143 (2021) Subsidiaries St George Bank BankSA Bank of Melbourne Westpac New Zealand Website westpac.com.au westpac.co.nz Extract the 2021 Total Profit or Operating Income from the following text
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Best Airline in the world", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Quatar airway\n2. Singapore Airlines\n3. Emirates", "role": "assistant" } ]	Best Airline in the world
information_extraction	[ { "content": "Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the \"King of Horror\", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 64 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books. He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.[ Who is Stephen King?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Stephen King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. He is described as the \"King of Horror\" for his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books", "role": "assistant" } ]	Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the "King of Horror", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 64 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books. He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.[ Who is Stephen King?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me five tips for practicing a speech.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "(1) Write out the speech by hand. Handwriting can help you to memorize the text.\n(2) Write out a very short (5-point) outline, with one or two key lines you want to emphasize. If you can remember these, you can fill in the rest.\n(3) Practice the speech in an unusual situation, such as facing a blank wall or in the middle of an open field. If you can stay on point and deliver the speech there, then you can do it in front of an audience.\n(4) Record yourself practicing, and listen to the recording. Ideally, use video so you can see your gestures and body language.\n(5) Practice in an exaggerated manner: speak more loudly than you think you need to; use big, slow hand gestures; and speak more slowly than you plan to.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me five tips for practicing a speech.
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is the capital of Australia?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The capital of Australia is Canberra", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the capital of Australia?
creative_writing	[ { "content": "You are a product manager at an enterprise software company Y. Your CEO has asked you to write a report on how well the company supports X capabilities. Provide a template email to send to my CEO that includes a TLDR and a link to the report. Use “<” and “>” to denote placeholder text I need to customize.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "<CEO name>:\n\nPlease see the following overview of Y’s support on X capabilities:\n\n<link to report>\n\nTLDR\n* <The most important takeaway you want the CEO to get from this report>\n* <A critical gap you identified in Y’s ability to support X capabilities>\n* <A key learning you were surprised by after performing your research for the report>\n\nLet me know if you have any comments/questions. We aim to use this report to inform our product strategy.\n\n<Your name>", "role": "assistant" } ]	You are a product manager at an enterprise software company Y. Your CEO has asked you to write a report on how well the company supports X capabilities. Provide a template email to send to my CEO that includes a TLDR and a link to the report. Use “<” and “>” to denote placeholder text I need to customize.
open_qa	[ { "content": "Provide a bullet point list of all primary matter phase transitions, with the name of the process following by the matter states involved Use the format: {process name}: {initial state} -> {final state}", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- melting: solid -> liquid\n- sublimation: solid -> gas\n- freezing: liquid -> solid\n- vaporization: liquid -> gas\n- ionization: gas -> plasma\n- condensation: gas -> liquid\n- deposition: gas -> solid\n- deionization: plasma -> gas", "role": "assistant" } ]	Provide a bullet point list of all primary matter phase transitions, with the name of the process following by the matter states involved Use the format: {process name}: {initial state} -> {final state}
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is the best way to invest my money?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There is no one way to best invest your money, it is based on multiple factors that determines how you should allocate in different asset types. Here are some factors that influence your investment allocation.\n\n- Time horizon: This is the amount of time you intend to have your money invested. This is important as different asset classes are impacted more or less by short term market conditions. Based on how long you wish to be exposed to the market choosing an asset type that aligns with your time horizon is very important in your investment strategy.\n\n- Risk Profile: Indicates how confortable you are with the impact fluctuating market conditions have in your investments. Higher risk assets offer the biggest returns but they also have a higher chance of going down or loosing your investment completely. Understanding your risk profile is the first step in investing your money well. There are different investments assets that fit into different risk levels, a combination of these will offer a balanced way of investing your money. \n\n- Active/Passive investor: Depending on how much you want to be involved in the asset selection and allocation you would be considered an active investor or passive investor. Active investors are investors that spend extensive amount of time analysing the market and choosing assets for their portfolio. These investors may invest directly into stocks or stock options. Passive investors are investors that want to be exposed to the market but don't want to spend extensive amount of time selecting their assets, these investors leverage ETFs or mutual funds, that bundle different asset classes in one asset, to be exposed to their desired market without the need of choosing their underlying assets.. \n\nTheir is no right or wrong way of investing your money, it is important to understand what type of investor you are and choose what works best for you.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the best way to invest my money?
information_extraction	[ { "content": "The Leh–Manali Highway is a 428 km (266 mi) long highway in northernmost India connecting Leh, the capital of the Union Territory of Ladakh, to Manali in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Which is the capital of Union Territory of Ladakh ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Leh is the capital of the Union Territory of Ladakh.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Leh–Manali Highway is a 428 km (266 mi) long highway in northernmost India connecting Leh, the capital of the Union Territory of Ladakh, to Manali in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Which is the capital of Union Territory of Ladakh ?
general_qa	[ { "content": "Tell me a terrifying fact about moray eels.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Moray eels have two sets of jaws, the outer jaws and the inner, pharyngeal jaws. The first set of jaw grabs the prey and the pharyngeal jaws pull the prey drag the prey into the eel's throat.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Tell me a terrifying fact about moray eels.
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto (She, friends and everything else), is the fourth studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Nek. It was released in 1996, as his first studio album with Warner Music Group. It was re-released on 1 March 1997, after the success of the single \"Laura non c'è\", which had not been included in the album.\n\nSince 1999 there have been reported sales of over 2 million copies all over the world. What was the hit single on Nek's 1996 Album Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Laura non c'è\" was the hit single, but wasn't added until the album was released in 1997.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto (She, friends and everything else), is the fourth studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Nek. It was released in 1996, as his first studio album with Warner Music Group. It was re-released on 1 March 1997, after the success of the single "Laura non c'è", which had not been included in the album. Since 1999 there have been reported sales of over 2 million copies all over the world. What was the hit single on Nek's 1996 Album Lei, gli amici e tutto il resto?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What are some weight loss tips?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Diet and exercise are two key factors of weight loss. To lose weight, you need to consume fewer calories than you're burning in a day, which is called a calorie deficit. It's generally recommended to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables in order to meet weight loss goals, as these food groups are both filling and low calorie. Additionally, foods high in protein and fiber will help to keep you feeling full and lead to less binging and snacking on high calorie foods. In terms of exercise, ensure that you are staying active each day. Many people find that going for a long walk every day is a manageable way to meet their weight loss goals. Lastly, always ensure to drink plenty of water to encourage calorie burning within your body.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are some weight loss tips?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Who produced the album Exit the Dragon", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Exit the Dragon is the fifth album by American alternative rock group Urge Overkill, released in 1995. Exit the Dragon is characterized as being a darker album than their previous album, Saturation. It was their final album until 2011 saw the release of Rock & Roll Submarine, sixteen years after Exit the Dragon.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who produced the album Exit the Dragon
classification	[ { "content": "Is Missouri a city or a state?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Both. Missouri is a state, and a city in texas", "role": "assistant" } ]	Is Missouri a city or a state?
information_extraction	[ { "content": "One Day as a Lion was an alternative rock supergroup that was started in 2008 by Zack de la Rocha, the vocalist of Rage Against the Machine, and Jon Theodore, former drummer of The Mars Volta and current drummer of Queens of the Stone Age. The duo blended elements of rock and hip hop. One Day as a Lion released their eponymous debut EP in July 2008 on the Anti- label. The band's name comes from a quote by Benito Mussolini Who formed the rock group One Day as a Lion?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Zack de la Rocha and Jon Theodore", "role": "assistant" } ]	One Day as a Lion was an alternative rock supergroup that was started in 2008 by Zack de la Rocha, the vocalist of Rage Against the Machine, and Jon Theodore, former drummer of The Mars Volta and current drummer of Queens of the Stone Age. The duo blended elements of rock and hip hop. One Day as a Lion released their eponymous debut EP in July 2008 on the Anti- label. The band's name comes from a quote by Benito Mussolini Who formed the rock group One Day as a Lion?
general_qa	[ { "content": "How easy and safe is it to replace the brakes on your car by yourself?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Brakes on a car are an essential system that requires the work to be done with confidence. Unlike other systems in a car that can fail and not adversely affect safety of a car, the brakes are a critical safety system that must be done correctly. Failure to repair brakes correctly can result in accidents and damage to property or loss of life in extreme cases. With this said, however, the work required to replace brakes on a car is not that technically complicated. In most cases specialized tools are not needed and most cars have a very similar mechanism to engage brakes making repairs easier. You can consult other sources online to find detailed descriptions for your make and model. Several tips include picking quality parts that are designed for your vehicle, always replacing brake rotors along with brake pads and double checking the tightness of caliper pins. With some basic skills and proper preparation you can learn to perform this work yourself and save money. It is always good to work with or consult with someone with experience the first time you attempt such a repair.", "role": "assistant" } ]	How easy and safe is it to replace the brakes on your car by yourself?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is an American single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). As the result of the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed as an air superiority fighter, but also has ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence capabilities. The prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, built most of the F-22's airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while Boeing provided the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems.\n\nThe aircraft first flew in 1997 and was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it formally entered service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Although the USAF had originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs, the program was cut to 187 operational aircraft in 2009 due to high costs, a lack of air-to-air missions at the time of production, and the development of the more affordable and versatile F-35.[N 1] The last F-22 was delivered in 2012.\n\nWhile it had a protracted development and initial operational difficulties, the F-22 has become a critical component of the USAF's tactical airpower. The fighter's combination of stealth, aerodynamic performance, and mission systems enabled a leap in air combat capabilities and set the benchmark for its generation. The F-22 is expected to serve into the 2030s and eventually be succeeded by the USAF's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) manned fighter component. Which company built the F-22 Raptor?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The F-22 Raptor was built primarily by Lockheed Martin, but several significant components were built by Boeing including the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is an American single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). As the result of the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed as an air superiority fighter, but also has ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence capabilities. The prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, built most of the F-22's airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while Boeing provided the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems. The aircraft first flew in 1997 and was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it formally entered service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Although the USAF had originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs, the program was cut to 187 operational aircraft in 2009 due to high costs, a lack of air-to-air missions at the time of production, and the development of the more affordable and versatile F-35.[N 1] The last F-22 was delivered in 2012. While it had a protracted development and initial operational difficulties, the F-22 has become a critical component of the USAF's tactical airpower. The fighter's combination of stealth, aerodynamic performance, and mission systems enabled a leap in air combat capabilities and set the benchmark for its generation. The F-22 is expected to serve into the 2030s and eventually be succeeded by the USAF's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) manned fighter component. Which company built the F-22 Raptor?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Who is the author of books \"It Starts With Us\" and \"It Ends With Us\"?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Colleen Hoover is the author of bestselling books \"It Starts With Us\" and \"It Ends With Us\".", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who is the author of books "It Starts With Us" and "It Ends With Us"?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the name of Google's email service?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gmail", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the name of Google's email service?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Who are some important people in U.S. history that everyone should know about?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are some important people in U.S. history:\n* John Brown, an abolitionist who led a failed slave revolt in what is now West Virginia, and was executed for doing so.\n* Henry George, who popularized the concepts of land value taxation (LVT) and universal basic income (UBI). His most famous work is a book called Progress and Poverty.\n* Thurgood Marshall, who was a justice of the Supreme Court. Prior to his appointment, he successfully argued against segregation in education in the case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.\n* Bayard Rustin, a civil rights activist.\n* Scott Wiener, a state senator in California who has authored legislation that makes it easier to build housing.\n* Stanley Chang, a state senator in Hawaii who has similarly been vocally supportive of increasing the supply of housing.\n* Ilhan Omar, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who are some important people in U.S. history that everyone should know about?