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general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do Jews eat matza on Passover?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The book of Exodus commands the Jews to eat matza. The bible says that at the time of the exodus, the Jews left Egypt in such a hurry that their dough did not have time to rise. To commemorate this, they eat unleavened bread, or matza, every Passover.\n\nMany Jews eat matza today, even if they do not believe that they obeying a divine command. They may eat matza as a means of connecting with their Jewish heritage, or because they are participating in a seder, the traditional Passover meal, or just because they like the taste.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do Jews eat matza on Passover? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How should I pick a name for my baby?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Only you can decide that, but there are some questions you may want to ask youself. Do you like inheriting family names, or do you want a novel name? Is the name easy to pronounce? Will the name remind people of someone famous? What nicknames will the name lead to? Does the name have a special origin or meaning to you? If your family speaks multiple languages, will the name be replicable in all of the languages? When you see your baby, does the name feel right to you?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How should I pick a name for my baby? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "If you are traveling to the moon, can you think of any reason to bring a gun ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "-Emergency propulsion\n-Protection from hostile people or animals, when landing back Earth \n-Bullets have their own oxidizers, so gun and used in emergency situations as an explosive",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| If you are traveling to the moon, can you think of any reason to bring a gun ? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What does below SAS code do\nPROC SUMMARY NWAY MISSING DATA=named_data;\n\t\tCLASS col1 col2 col3 col4;\n\t\tVAR tot_amt tot_gst_amt total_settlement_amt;\n\t\tOUTPUT OUT=PYMT_SUM(DROP=_:) SUM=;\n\tQUIT;",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The SAS code block you provided uses the PROC SUMMARY procedure to calculate summary statistics for a dataset called named_data. Here's what each line of the code does:\n\nNWAY - specifies that the summary statistics should be calculated for all possible combinations of the CLASS variables.\nMISSING - specifies that missing values in the named_data dataset should be included in the summary statistics.\nCLASS - specifies the variables that define the groups for which the summary statistics should be calculated.\nVAR - specifies the variables for which summary statistics should be calculated.\nOUTPUT - specifies the output dataset and the statistics to include in the output.\nOUT - specifies the name of the output dataset.\nDROP=_: - drops the automatic variables created by SAS.\nSUM= - calculates the sum of the specified variables.\nThe resulting output dataset PYMT_SUM will contain the summary statistics for each combination of the CLASS variables specified",
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]
| What does below SAS code do
PROC SUMMARY NWAY MISSING DATA=named_data;
CLASS col1 col2 col3 col4;
VAR tot_amt tot_gst_amt total_settlement_amt;
OUTPUT OUT=PYMT_SUM(DROP=_:) SUM=;
QUIT; |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Do RVs have bathrooms?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Whether or not RVs have bathrooms, and the type of bathroom, depends on the RV. Most larger RVs have a “dry bath”. “Dry” means that there is a stand-alone shower. Some showers in dry baths are very small, and some are the size of residential showers. Many smaller RVs have “wet baths”, meaning there is no separate shower. There is a shower nozzle in the bathroom space, and when taking a shower everything in the space gets wet (including the toilet, shelves, walls, etc). Wet baths are usually carefully designed so that everything in the bathroom can get wet without damage. Some RVs do not have bathrooms, but have toilets that are hidden in a cabinet and slide out. This is more common in DIY conversions.",
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]
| Do RVs have bathrooms? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Utility ratemaking is the formal regulatory process in the United States by which public utilities set the prices (more commonly known as \"rates\") they will charge consumers. Ratemaking, typically carried out through \"rate cases\" before a public utilities commission, serves as one of the primary instruments of government regulation of public utilities. What is the process by which utilities rates are set in the US",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The price of a utility's products and services will affect its consumption. As with most demand curves, a price increase decreases demand. Through a concept known as rate design or rate structure, regulators set the prices (known as \"rates\" in the case of utilities) and thereby affect the consumption. With declining block rates, the per-unit price of utility consumption decreases as the energy consumption increases. Typically a declining block rate is offered only to very large consumers. If conservation is the goal, regulators can promote conservation by letting prices rise. A third possible rate design is a flat rate which charges the same price for all consumption.",
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}
]
| Utility ratemaking is the formal regulatory process in the United States by which public utilities set the prices (more commonly known as "rates") they will charge consumers. Ratemaking, typically carried out through "rate cases" before a public utilities commission, serves as one of the primary instruments of government regulation of public utilities. What is the process by which utilities rates are set in the US |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify which item is a fake color out of this set: blue, green, sheep, red, orange",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A sheep is not a color",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify which item is a fake color out of this set: blue, green, sheep, red, orange |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the key functions of FDIC?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The FDIC insures deposits; examines and supervises financial institutions for safety, soundness, and consumer protection; makes large and complex financial institutions resolvable; and manages receiverships.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the key functions of FDIC? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Spellenspektakel is the largest board game convention in the Netherlands, featuring game demonstrations, tournaments and other game related activities. It focusses on traditional strategy boardgames, collectible card games, pen-and-paper role-playing games and miniatures wargames. Game publishers participate by showing and demonstrating their new releases to the public. Additionally, the Spellenspektakel hosts numerous game stores and player communities. Visitors can try any game on display and buy the ones they prefer. During the 2019 edition at the Jaarbeurs venue in Utrecht, the Spellenspektakel welcomed over 14,000 people Given a reference text about the Spellenspektakel, tell me where it takes place and what games are played.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Spellenspektakel takes place in the Netherlands where board games are played.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Spellenspektakel is the largest board game convention in the Netherlands, featuring game demonstrations, tournaments and other game related activities. It focusses on traditional strategy boardgames, collectible card games, pen-and-paper role-playing games and miniatures wargames. Game publishers participate by showing and demonstrating their new releases to the public. Additionally, the Spellenspektakel hosts numerous game stores and player communities. Visitors can try any game on display and buy the ones they prefer. During the 2019 edition at the Jaarbeurs venue in Utrecht, the Spellenspektakel welcomed over 14,000 people Given a reference text about the Spellenspektakel, tell me where it takes place and what games are played. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is New Zealand's most well-known wine that it produces?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "New Zealand is known for its Sauvignon Blancs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is New Zealand's most well-known wine that it produces? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Tell me the capital of the UK. Then tell me a famous song about that city.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The capital of the United Kingdom is London. One song about that city is \"London Bridge is Falling Down\".",
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}
]
| Tell me the capital of the UK. Then tell me a famous song about that city. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Who are the 5 best known composers from the romantic period?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The five best known composer from the romantic period are: Wagner, Verdi, Liszt, Chopin, and Tchaikovsky.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are the 5 best known composers from the romantic period? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Popelogan River is a tributary of the Eastern shore Upsalquitch River, flowing particularly through the Addington Parish, in Restigouche County, in the Northwest the New Brunswick, in Canada.\n\nIn his course to the south, the Popelogan river flows through a valley increasingly deep in the mountainous terrain. Its main tributaries are the Gordon Brook and the \"Lake Popelogan Branch\" which supplies at Popelogan Lake. A forest road serves the upper part of the river, from Popelogan Depot. With the given passage as a reference, write some details about Popelogan River",
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},
{
"content": "1. The Popelogan River is a tributary of the Upsalquitch River on the eastern shore of Canada's New Brunswick, mainly passing through the Addington Parish in Restigouche County.\n2. The Popelogan river travels through a valley in the steep terrain that gets deeper as it moves south. The Gordon Brook and the \"Lake Popelogan Branch,\" which supplies Popelogan Lake, are its principal tributaries.\n3. Popelogan Depot provides access to the upper half of the river via a woodland road.",
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]
| The Popelogan River is a tributary of the Eastern shore Upsalquitch River, flowing particularly through the Addington Parish, in Restigouche County, in the Northwest the New Brunswick, in Canada.
In his course to the south, the Popelogan river flows through a valley increasingly deep in the mountainous terrain. Its main tributaries are the Gordon Brook and the "Lake Popelogan Branch" which supplies at Popelogan Lake. A forest road serves the upper part of the river, from Popelogan Depot. With the given passage as a reference, write some details about Popelogan River |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population. What is the capital of Mongolia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population. What is the capital of Mongolia? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the \"Queen of sinking ships\" or \"Miss Unsinkable,\" was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911. What is Violet Jessop well know for?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Violet Jessop is well known for been onboard the RSM Olympic when it collided in 1911, and letter surviving the RMS Titanic in 1912, and the HMHS Britannic in 1916.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the "Queen of sinking ships" or "Miss Unsinkable," was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911. What is Violet Jessop well know for? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.[list 1] Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.\n\nCongress established three key objectives for monetary policy in the Federal Reserve Act: maximizing employment, stabilizing prices, and moderating long-term interest rates. The first two objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve's dual mandate. Its duties have expanded over the years, and currently also include supervising and regulating banks, maintaining the stability of the financial system, and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The Fed also conducts research into the economy and provides numerous publications, such as the Beige Book and the FRED database.\n\nThe Federal Reserve System is composed of several layers. It is governed by the presidentially-appointed board of governors or Federal Reserve Board (FRB). Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, located in cities throughout the nation, regulate and oversee privately-owned commercial banks. Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in, and can elect some board members of, the Federal Reserve Bank of their region.\n\nThe Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets monetary policy. It consists of all seven members of the board of governors and the twelve regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents, though only five bank presidents vote at a time—the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one-year voting terms. There are also various advisory councils.[list 2] It has a structure unique among central banks, and is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury, an entity outside of the central bank, prints the currency used.\n\nThe federal government sets the salaries of the board's seven governors, and it receives all the system's annual profits, after dividends on member banks' capital investments are paid, and an account surplus is maintained. In 2015, the Federal Reserve earned a net income of $100.2 billion and transferred $97.7 billion to the U.S. Treasury, and 2020 earnings were approximately $88.6 billion with remittances to the U.S. Treasury of $86.9 billion. Although an instrument of the U.S. government, the Federal Reserve System considers itself \"an independent central bank because its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the president or by anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government, it does not receive funding appropriated by Congress, and the terms of the members of the board of governors span multiple presidential and congressional terms.\" Based on the reference text, provide a concise overview of the main objectives of the Federal Reserve",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The main objectives of the Federal Reserve are to maximize employment, stabilize prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.[list 1] Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.
Congress established three key objectives for monetary policy in the Federal Reserve Act: maximizing employment, stabilizing prices, and moderating long-term interest rates. The first two objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve's dual mandate. Its duties have expanded over the years, and currently also include supervising and regulating banks, maintaining the stability of the financial system, and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The Fed also conducts research into the economy and provides numerous publications, such as the Beige Book and the FRED database.
The Federal Reserve System is composed of several layers. It is governed by the presidentially-appointed board of governors or Federal Reserve Board (FRB). Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, located in cities throughout the nation, regulate and oversee privately-owned commercial banks. Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in, and can elect some board members of, the Federal Reserve Bank of their region.
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets monetary policy. It consists of all seven members of the board of governors and the twelve regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents, though only five bank presidents vote at a time—the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one-year voting terms. There are also various advisory councils.[list 2] It has a structure unique among central banks, and is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury, an entity outside of the central bank, prints the currency used.
The federal government sets the salaries of the board's seven governors, and it receives all the system's annual profits, after dividends on member banks' capital investments are paid, and an account surplus is maintained. In 2015, the Federal Reserve earned a net income of $100.2 billion and transferred $97.7 billion to the U.S. Treasury, and 2020 earnings were approximately $88.6 billion with remittances to the U.S. Treasury of $86.9 billion. Although an instrument of the U.S. government, the Federal Reserve System considers itself "an independent central bank because its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the president or by anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government, it does not receive funding appropriated by Congress, and the terms of the members of the board of governors span multiple presidential and congressional terms." Based on the reference text, provide a concise overview of the main objectives of the Federal Reserve |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Provide a bulleted list of the seven best Science Fiction television shows",
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},
{
"content": "- The Expanse\n- Battlestar Galactica\n- Star Trek\n- The 100\n- Fringe\n- Westworld\n- Lost",
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}
]
| Provide a bulleted list of the seven best Science Fiction television shows |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Mark's innie awakens in Devon's home and finds himself hugging Cobel. While excusing himself to find Devon, he calls Cobel by name, alerting her that the overtime contingency has been activated. Cobel calls Milchick and has him check the security office. Mark privately reveals to Devon that he is in innie form; Devon tells him of Gemma's death, and learns that \"Mrs. Selvig\" is Mark's boss. Mark encourages Devon to report Lumon's misdeeds to the press as Lumon likely controls the police. Irving wakes up in his apartment, discovering his outie's paintings and background in the U.S. Navy, and finds a map and employee directory in the closet which he uses to locate Burt. Helly wakes up at a Lumon gala where she learns that her outie is Helena Eagan – daughter of Lumon CEO Jame Eagan – who underwent severance to build public support for legalizing the procedure. Cobel races to the gala and attempts to stop Helly from making a scheduled speech. Milchick reaches the security office and cuts his way through the makeshift restraints Dylan has placed on the door. Helly gets onstage and tells the crowd of the innies' subjugation and torment. Irving arrives at Burt's house only to find he is already in a relationship. Mark finds a photo confirming Ms. Casey to be Gemma. He rushes to tell Devon, but is only able to say \"She's alive!\" before Milchick tackles Dylan, deactivating the overtime contingency and reverting the three to their outie state. What is an \"outie\" in the context of this paragraph?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Based on the provided paragraph, it's not clear what is an \"outie\". However, based on this sentence, \"He rushes to tell Devon, but is only able to say \"She's alive!\" before Milchick tackles Dylan, deactivating the overtime contingency and reverting the three to their outie state.\", it seems like an outie is a state that a person can be in and that the state can be switched on by deactivating the overtime contingency.",
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]
| Mark's innie awakens in Devon's home and finds himself hugging Cobel. While excusing himself to find Devon, he calls Cobel by name, alerting her that the overtime contingency has been activated. Cobel calls Milchick and has him check the security office. Mark privately reveals to Devon that he is in innie form; Devon tells him of Gemma's death, and learns that "Mrs. Selvig" is Mark's boss. Mark encourages Devon to report Lumon's misdeeds to the press as Lumon likely controls the police. Irving wakes up in his apartment, discovering his outie's paintings and background in the U.S. Navy, and finds a map and employee directory in the closet which he uses to locate Burt. Helly wakes up at a Lumon gala where she learns that her outie is Helena Eagan – daughter of Lumon CEO Jame Eagan – who underwent severance to build public support for legalizing the procedure. Cobel races to the gala and attempts to stop Helly from making a scheduled speech. Milchick reaches the security office and cuts his way through the makeshift restraints Dylan has placed on the door. Helly gets onstage and tells the crowd of the innies' subjugation and torment. Irving arrives at Burt's house only to find he is already in a relationship. Mark finds a photo confirming Ms. Casey to be Gemma. He rushes to tell Devon, but is only able to say "She's alive!" before Milchick tackles Dylan, deactivating the overtime contingency and reverting the three to their outie state. What is an "outie" in the context of this paragraph? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What is the best way to reduce my carbon emissions?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A great way to reduce your carbon emissions is reducing the amount of car trips in favour of walking, biking, or taking public transit. Other ways could be buying items used instead of new to save on emissions from the manufacturing process. You could also consider reducing airplane trips by reducing business travel, or taking a train instead.",
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}
]
| What is the best way to reduce my carbon emissions? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who won Euro song contest Save All Your Kisses For Me",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Brotherhood of Man",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who won Euro song contest Save All Your Kisses For Me |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Dubbed the \"Queen of Pop\", Madonna has been widely recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, and visual presentation. She has pushed the boundaries of artistic expression in mainstream music, while continuing to maintain control over every aspect of her career. Her works, which incorporate social, political, sexual, and religious themes, have generated both controversy and critical acclaim. A prominent cultural figure of the 20th and 21st centuries, Madonna remains one of the most \"well-documented figures of the modern age\", with a broad amount of scholarly reviews and literature works on her, as well as an academic mini subdiscipline devoted to her named Madonna studies. Who is Madonna?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Dubbed the \"Queen of Pop\", Madonna has been widely recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, and visual presentation. She has pushed the boundaries of artistic expression in mainstream music, while continuing to maintain control over every aspect of her career. Her works, which incorporate social, political, sexual, and religious themes, have generated both controversy and critical acclaim. A prominent cultural figure of the 20th and 21st centuries, Madonna remains one of the most \"well-documented figures of the modern age\", with a broad amount of scholarly reviews and literature works on her, as well as an academic mini subdiscipline devoted to her named Madonna studies.\n\nMadonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing as a drummer, guitarist, and vocalist in the rock bands Breakfast Club and Emmy, she rose to solo stardom with her debut studio album, Madonna (1983). She followed it with a series of successful albums, including all-time bestsellers Like a Virgin (1984), True Blue (1986) and The Immaculate Collection (1990), as well as Grammy Award winners Ray of Light (1998) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005). Madonna has amassed many chart-topping singles throughout her career, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"La Isla Bonita\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Take a Bow\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\".\n\nMadonna's popularity was enhanced by roles in films such as Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), A League of Their Own (1992), and Evita (1996). While Evita won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, many of her other films were not as well received. As a businesswoman, Madonna founded the company Maverick in 1992. It included Maverick Records, one of the most successful artist-run labels in history. Her other ventures include fashion brands, written works, health clubs, and filmmaking. She contributes to various charities, having founded the Ray of Light Foundation in 1998 and Raising Malawi in 2006.\n\nWith sales of over 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is the best-selling female recording artist of all time. She is the most successful solo artist in the history of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and has achieved the most number-one singles by a woman in Australia, Canada, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. With a revenue of over US$1.5 billion from her concert tickets, she remains the highest-grossing female touring artist worldwide. Forbes has named Madonna the annual top-earning female musician a record 11 times across four decades (1980s–2010s). She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008, her first year of eligibility. Madonna was ranked as the greatest woman in music by VH1, and as the greatest music video artist ever by MTV and Billboard. Rolling Stone also listed her among its greatest artists and greatest songwriters of all time.",
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]
| Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Dubbed the "Queen of Pop", Madonna has been widely recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, and visual presentation. She has pushed the boundaries of artistic expression in mainstream music, while continuing to maintain control over every aspect of her career. Her works, which incorporate social, political, sexual, and religious themes, have generated both controversy and critical acclaim. A prominent cultural figure of the 20th and 21st centuries, Madonna remains one of the most "well-documented figures of the modern age", with a broad amount of scholarly reviews and literature works on her, as well as an academic mini subdiscipline devoted to her named Madonna studies. Who is Madonna? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following are stringed instruments and which are wind instruments: horn, violin, cello, trumpet, flute, clarinet, guitar, sitar, ukulele, bouzouki, oboe, saxophone",
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},
{
"content": "Horn, trumpet, flute, clarinet, oboe and saxophone are wind instruments. Violine, cello, guitar, sitar, ukulele and bouzouki are string instruments.",
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}
]
| Which of the following are stringed instruments and which are wind instruments: horn, violin, cello, trumpet, flute, clarinet, guitar, sitar, ukulele, bouzouki, oboe, saxophone |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some fun, safe ways to break a social norm without breaking a law?",
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},
{
"content": "Some fun and safe ways to break a social norm without breaking the law could include the following ideas:\n- Wear winter clothes on a hot day or wear a bathing suit on a cold day\n- Talk to strangers on the elevator \n- Pick your nose while talking to someone\n- Lick the plate at a restaurant\n- Talk to someone in another stall in a public bathroom",
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}
]
| What are some fun, safe ways to break a social norm without breaking a law? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify the bird from the list: Mouse, Balearic shearwater, Giraffe",
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},
{
"content": "Balearic shearwater",
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}
]
| Identify the bird from the list: Mouse, Balearic shearwater, Giraffe |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these London tourist attractions are free or paid: The National Gallery, The London Eye, Royal Academy of Arts', Tower of London, St. Dunstan in the East",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The National Gallery - free\nThe London Eye - paid\nRoyal Academy of Arts' - free\nTower of London - paid\nSt. Dunstan in the East - free\nVictoria and Albert Museum - free\nScience Gallery London - free\nBarbican Conservatory - free\nMadame Tussauds London - paid\nHarry Potter Studios - paid\nLondon Zoo - paid",
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}
]
| Tell me whether these London tourist attractions are free or paid: The National Gallery, The London Eye, Royal Academy of Arts', Tower of London, St. Dunstan in the East |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a bulleted list of movie ideas.",
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},
{
"content": "- The President of the United States and a gorilla become best friends. The gorilla lives in the White House and causes all sorts of scandals. Eventually the American people learn to love the gorilla and elect him as the next president.\n- An undercover cop gets has a great idea for an invention (a voice box that makes you talk in an accent). He tries to get his idea patented and marketed all while not blowing his cover.\n- A war movie where everyone in a platoon deserts together and goes and starts a new community on an isolated island.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a bulleted list of movie ideas. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some players on the Golden State Warriors basketball team.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The current roster of the Golden State Warriors basketball team includes the following players: Stephen Curry, Draymond Green, Andrew Wiggins, Jordan Poole, Klay Thompson, Kevon Looney, Jonathan Kuminga.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some players on the Golden State Warriors basketball team. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some of the bravolebrities from Summer house",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Amanda Batula, Andrea Denver, Carl Radke, Ciara Miller, Danielle Olivera, Kyle Cooke, Lindsay Hubbard, Luke Gulbranson, Mya Allen and Paige DeSorbo",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some of the bravolebrities from Summer house |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Later, at the Bridge of Death, the Bridgekeeper asks Arthur his third question. \"What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?\" When Arthur asks the old man whether he means an African or European swallow, the Bridgekeeper is unable to answer, and is thus launched into The Gorge of Eternal Peril. When Sir Bedevere asks how Arthur knows so much about swallows, he replies, \"You have to know these things when you're king.\" what's the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This is a popular line from a Monte Pyton film, Monty Python and the Holy Grail, where the correct answer to the answer is yet another question \"African or European\", which tricks the Bridgekeeper into a wrong answer of \"I don't know that\".",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Later, at the Bridge of Death, the Bridgekeeper asks Arthur his third question. "What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?" When Arthur asks the old man whether he means an African or European swallow, the Bridgekeeper is unable to answer, and is thus launched into The Gorge of Eternal Peril. When Sir Bedevere asks how Arthur knows so much about swallows, he replies, "You have to know these things when you're king." what's the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What towns make up Cape Ann?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cape Ann is a rocky peninsula in northeastern Massachusetts on the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Boston and marks the northern limit of Massachusetts Bay. Cape Ann includes the city of Gloucester and the towns of Essex, Manchester-by-the-Sea and Rockport.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What towns make up Cape Ann? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the least common birthday?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The least common birthday in the modern Gregorian calendar is February 29. This is because of leap years, as February 29 occurs only a bit more than a quarter of the time in any given calendar year.\n\nHowever excluding February 29, in most Western countries the least common birthday is December 25. For instance, in the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday and December 25 the least common birthday. Some other uncommon birthdays in the West are January 1, December 24, and April 1.\n\nThe least common birthday is usually a holiday when most people take time off work. There are multiple reasons why these days have fewer births, but one reason is that doctors are less likely to schedule cesarean births on such days. April 1 is an exception, and is likely because parents who are able to choose not to give birth on that day, to prevent their children from being bullied for having their birthday on April Fool's Day.\n\nThis question is harder to answer in many non-Western countries as there is less easily accessible data. For example in a survey of students in India between 2007 and 2012, the statistics show much more births just before school opens, and on round days like the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th. This indicates much of the data may be faked.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the least common birthday? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and values of societies. Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life, while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior. Biological (physical), forensic and medical anthropology study the biological development of humans, the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time, respectively. What does a biological anthropologist study?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A biological anthropologist studies the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings over time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and values of societies. Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life, while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior. Biological (physical), forensic and medical anthropology study the biological development of humans, the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time, respectively. What does a biological anthropologist study? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the square root of 25?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The square root of 25 is 5.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the square root of 25? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "BNP Paribas is a French international banking group, founded in 2000 from the merger between Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP, \"National Bank of Paris\") and Paribas, formerly known as the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas. The full name of the group's parent entity is BNP Paribas S.A.\n\nWith 190,000 employees as of February 2021, the bank is organized into three major business areas: Commercial, Personal Banking & Services (CPBS), Investment & Protection Services (IPS) and Corporate & Institutional Banking (CIB). The group is listed on the first market of Euronext Paris and a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, while it also included in the French CAC 40 index.\n\nBNP Paribas is the second largest banking group in Europe, after HSBC, and ninth largest banking group in the world (by assets, December 2021). It became one of the five largest banks in the world following the 2008 financial crisis. Despite some legal difficulties in 2014, including being fined the largest ever sum as reparation for violating U.S. sanctions, it remains one of the ten largest banks worldwide. It is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board. Could you describe who is BNP Paribas (BNPP)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BNP Paribas alias BNPP is a French Banking group. In 2022 they made 50.4 billion euros of revenue and 10.2 billion euros of net income.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| BNP Paribas is a French international banking group, founded in 2000 from the merger between Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP, "National Bank of Paris") and Paribas, formerly known as the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas. The full name of the group's parent entity is BNP Paribas S.A.
With 190,000 employees as of February 2021, the bank is organized into three major business areas: Commercial, Personal Banking & Services (CPBS), Investment & Protection Services (IPS) and Corporate & Institutional Banking (CIB). The group is listed on the first market of Euronext Paris and a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, while it also included in the French CAC 40 index.
BNP Paribas is the second largest banking group in Europe, after HSBC, and ninth largest banking group in the world (by assets, December 2021). It became one of the five largest banks in the world following the 2008 financial crisis. Despite some legal difficulties in 2014, including being fined the largest ever sum as reparation for violating U.S. sanctions, it remains one of the ten largest banks worldwide. It is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board. Could you describe who is BNP Paribas (BNPP)? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are some sound personal financial practices to employ in the modern economy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Although this is a vast topic there are some widely accepted best practices guidance for personal financial practices in the modern economy. Generally speaking, individuals should first keep track of what income and expenses they have. This often requires noting down monthly income and expenses in a spreadsheet. Once we have an understanding of our monthly income and expenses we can then create a budget. A budget is a financial plan meant to help us understand how much we can spend between paychecks and how much we can save. If we have any high interest debt or any debt, the loan or bill with the highest accruing interest, that becomes the first priority for us to spend our budget on after we account for our expenses. These are some sound personal financial practices to employ and we should try to keep our expenses and debt as low as we can while maximizing our income and savings as a general practice.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some sound personal financial practices to employ in the modern economy? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do we have work meetings?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We have work meetings to give status updates on current projects. These meetings can be virtual or in person. In-person work meetings are great for building rapport, meeting new people, and building stronger relationships with people you already know. Staying up to date on what everyone is working and aligning with company vision is how companies stay successful and have a competitive advantage over their competitors. Regular meetings are the best way to achieve this.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do we have work meetings? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Is it possible to live life without having to use a door?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "While it is unknown if this question has ever been asked. It is definitely possible to live your life without using a door. This brings health benefits caused by not needing to touch doorknobs to living/working in areas with more access to air flow. Many commercial spaces now feature automatic sliding doors and open floor plans to maximize the health benefits of not using doorknobs. \n\nThis question primarily seems to be relevant in the context of suburban/urban dwellers where most doors are constructed and utilized. While some may argue that privacy screens, hanging beads, and flaps could be seen as doors they are not being considered in this case. Regions that have a low prevalence of doors might not realize this as an issue at all.\n\nSo yes it is possible to live your entire life without having to use a door but the difficulty increases exponentially the closer you get to an urban area.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Is it possible to live life without having to use a door? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What's the best baseball team?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Denoting one baseball team as \"best\" is a very difficult. Many factors may be involved when determining the best baseball team. For instance, are we looking at current season performance? History of championships in the past? Number of fans? Best statistics? Most notable? Please help me by being more specific about what \"best\" means to you.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What's the best baseball team? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the mascot of Stanford University?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The mascot of Stanford is a redwood tree.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the mascot of Stanford University? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the primary source of energy for heating homes in the Northeast United States.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Oil fired furnaces are predominant source of heat for homes in the Northeast, especially the New England states.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the primary source of energy for heating homes in the Northeast United States. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the different types of shots in ice hockey",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "-Slapshot\n-Wrist shot\n-Backhand\n-Snapshot",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the different types of shots in ice hockey |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama (variously Alabama, UA, or Bama) in the sport of American football. The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team's head coach is Nick Saban, who has led the Tide to six national championships over his tenure. The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history. Since beginning play in 1892, the program claims 18 national championships, including 13 wire-service (AP or Coaches') national titles in the poll-era, and five other titles before the poll-era. From 1958 to 1982, the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant, who won six national titles with the program. Despite numerous national and conference championships, it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy, when running back Mark Ingram II became the university's first winner. In 2015, Derrick Henry became the university's second Heisman winner. The Crimson Tide won back to back Heisman trophies in 2020 and 2021, with DeVonta Smith and Bryce Young. How many Alabama football players have won the Heisman?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Alabama Crimson Tide football program has produced four Heisman trophy winners. The first Crimson Tide player to win the Heisman was running back Mark Ingram II in 2009. Running back Derrick Henry won the Heisman trophy in 2015. Alabama had back-to-back Heisman trophy winners in 2020 and 2021, DeVonta Smith and Bryce Young.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama (variously Alabama, UA, or Bama) in the sport of American football. The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team's head coach is Nick Saban, who has led the Tide to six national championships over his tenure. The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history. Since beginning play in 1892, the program claims 18 national championships, including 13 wire-service (AP or Coaches') national titles in the poll-era, and five other titles before the poll-era. From 1958 to 1982, the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul "Bear" Bryant, who won six national titles with the program. Despite numerous national and conference championships, it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy, when running back Mark Ingram II became the university's first winner. In 2015, Derrick Henry became the university's second Heisman winner. The Crimson Tide won back to back Heisman trophies in 2020 and 2021, with DeVonta Smith and Bryce Young. How many Alabama football players have won the Heisman? |
classification | [
{
"content": "which of these is a musical movie: Despicable Me 1, John Wick 4, Avengers or Singin' in the Rain?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Singin' in the Rain",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| which of these is a musical movie: Despicable Me 1, John Wick 4, Avengers or Singin' in the Rain? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Forest Park in Springfield, Massachusetts, is one of the largest urban, municipal parks in the United States, covering 735 acres (297 ha) of land overlooking the Connecticut River. Forest Park features a zoo, aquatic gardens, and outdoor amphitheater, in addition to design elements like winding wooded trails, and surprising, expansive views. The site of America's first public, municipal swimming pool, currently, during the holiday months Forest Park hosts a popular high-tech lighting display, known as Bright Nights. Contrary to popular belief, the park was not designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. What is Forest Park (Springfield, MA)?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Forest Park is an urban park in Springfield, MA. It covers 735 acres and overlooks the Connecticut River. The park features a zoo, aquatic gardens, an outdoor amphitheater, as well as winding wooded trails and expansive views. Forest Park is the site of the first public municipal swimming pool in the US. During holiday months it hosts a high-tech lighting display known as Bright Nights.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Forest Park in Springfield, Massachusetts, is one of the largest urban, municipal parks in the United States, covering 735 acres (297 ha) of land overlooking the Connecticut River. Forest Park features a zoo, aquatic gardens, and outdoor amphitheater, in addition to design elements like winding wooded trails, and surprising, expansive views. The site of America's first public, municipal swimming pool, currently, during the holiday months Forest Park hosts a popular high-tech lighting display, known as Bright Nights. Contrary to popular belief, the park was not designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. What is Forest Park (Springfield, MA)? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the capital of the united kingdom?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "London is the capital of the united kingdom.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the capital of the united kingdom? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Monster Hunter 4 Unlimited (hereafter, \"MH4U\") was a video game released exclusively for the Nintendo 3DS circa 2013. Elden Ring was a video game released for multiple platforms in circa 2022 to critical acclaim. \n\nIf MH4U and Elden Ring were considered to be siblings nine years apart in a small family, how might the experiences of MH4U have influenced the growth and development of Elden Ring?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Young parents face many challenges. Finances, education, and home expenses often compete with the needs of a growing family. Within the context provided, MH4U reflects the first child of a young couple who must make several investments, including clothing, baby essentials, and furniture. This may be conveyed under the limited system resources available to MH4U under the 3DS console: 128MB of RAM. Additionally, one or both parents may work full time, leaving limited time to work with and grow the child. As the child, MH4U, enters age 9, they should be entering 4th or 5th grade and have developed the cognitive and functional skills to support their parents. Additionally, the parents will have likely developed further in their careers and caretaking abilities that ensure the stability and growth of a small family. In this example, Elden Ring represents the second child, which arrives nine years after MH4U. In this context, as a result of the growth of experience and income of the family, and assuming the family equates to a Playstation 4, the family now enjoys 8GB of RAM.\n\nAs described in the preceding paragraph, the familial environment that Elden Ring emerges from is vastly different than that of MH4U. However, there are additional benefits beyond the system limitations provided. These benefits are conveyed through the emotional and physical support provided through familial bonds, in this case, that of an older and younger sibling. Upon the arrival of Elden Ring, MH4U is eager to help their parents with caretaking tasks which may include keeping the child company, completing small jobs and errands, and establishing familial bonds with their sibling. The parents will be able to draw upon the experience of raising MH4U and apply those lessons to their newest member of the family. It’s important that the parents continue to create small jobs for MH4U that help to convey positive responses to younger family members: caretaking, guidance, and companionship. \n\nAs MH4U graduates from their teens and enters early adulthood, it’s critical that they stay actively involved in the life of their sibling. By age 18, MH4U will now be nine years older than Elden Ring, which as it happens, is the same age when MH4U became an older sibling. Under this lens, MH4U carries greater social responsibility than they did when they were the same age as Elden Ring. MH4U may also begin to contemplate leaving the family for continuing education. While it’s common for individuals to depart the family for secondary education after age 18, it’s critically important that MH4U continue to maintain constant contact with its younger sibling to provide guidance and advice and convey lessons learned from its formative experiences. \n\nIn this way, Elden Ring has a fast track to develop. MH4U is able to provide guidance equatable to best practices, experiences, and trial and error. Additionally, MH4U development during constrained resources encourages Elden Ring to do “more with less” and ensures a fastidious approach towards the allocation of resources. By the time Elden Ring approaches age 18, they enjoy the combined experiences of their parents and their older sibling which helps to increase their likelihood of success and families are stronger when they provide guidance and stability to their children.\n\nIn summary, the success of Elden Ring was no accident. The investments of the parents into the older sibling, MH4U, however lacking, provided a baseline level by which MH4U could invest in its younger sibling Elden Ring. Through this chain of investments, the family finds a greater chance of success. Under the lens of the original context, there would not be a critically reception to Elden Ring had not the parents made baseline investment and support to MH4U during the formative years of the family.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Monster Hunter 4 Unlimited (hereafter, "MH4U") was a video game released exclusively for the Nintendo 3DS circa 2013. Elden Ring was a video game released for multiple platforms in circa 2022 to critical acclaim.
If MH4U and Elden Ring were considered to be siblings nine years apart in a small family, how might the experiences of MH4U have influenced the growth and development of Elden Ring? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure.\n\nIn April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the $200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries. In November 2022, it reached $280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group. Adani subsequently lost more than $104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices. More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses. The company's corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022. Depict the valuation of Adani group as mentioned in the passage. For representation, use the format ‘Month Year, Valuation in US$’.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "April 2021, US$100 billion\nApril 2022, US$200 billion\nNovember 2022, $280 billion",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure.
In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the $200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries. In November 2022, it reached $280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group. Adani subsequently lost more than $104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices. More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses. The company's corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022. Depict the valuation of Adani group as mentioned in the passage. For representation, use the format ‘Month Year, Valuation in US$’. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between a hazard and out of bounds on a golf course?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "On a golf course, out of bounds areas are marked with white stakes that denote the property boundary of the course. Hazards are marked with red stakes that denote a penalty area within the property of the course (e.g., water, marsh).\n\nWhen a ball is hit out of bounds, the golfer is penalized one shot and is required to hit the ball again from the same spot. When a ball it hit in a hazard, the golfer is also penalized one shot, but has the option to hit the next shot from the same spot or from the point where the ball crossed the hazard boundary.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between a hazard and out of bounds on a golf course? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Competition\nThere are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, the head-to-head record between the tied teams is taken into consideration (points scored in the matches between the teams, followed by away goals in those matches.) If two teams are still tied, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.\n\nPromotion and relegation\nA system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League, with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. The top flight had only been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991–92 season – the year prior to the formation of the Premier League.\n\nOn 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga, be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams. Give me an overview of how promotion and relegation works in the English Premier League",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The bottom 3 teams in the Premier League are relegated to the EFL Championship. The top 2 teams and the winner of a tournament between the 3rd through 6th ranked teams in the EFL Championship are promoted to the Premiere League.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Competition
There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, the head-to-head record between the tied teams is taken into consideration (points scored in the matches between the teams, followed by away goals in those matches.) If two teams are still tied, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.
Promotion and relegation
A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in the Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to the Premier League, with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. The number of clubs was reduced from 22 to 20 in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. The top flight had only been expanded to 22 teams at the start of the 1991–92 season – the year prior to the formation of the Premier League.
On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga, be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams. Give me an overview of how promotion and relegation works in the English Premier League |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the three major Abrahamic religions?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the three largest Abrahamic religions",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the three major Abrahamic religions? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909. Using this passage, extract all the years associated with the area.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1872, 1874, 1893, 1909",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909. Using this passage, extract all the years associated with the area. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Massey?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Maldon Massey",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Massey? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Imagine you are part of the city government responsible for urban planning. Write a letter to address the biggest ethical obligation behind a LASER-like system.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "As a division in charge of urban planning for the City of Los Angeles, we are obligated to ensure that the LASER system delivers sustainable and equitable improvements for our neighborhoods, especially the socially marginalized ones. To that end, we need LASER to generate outputs that would not target racial groups – African American communities, for example – and in turn aggravate the pre-existing police harassment in those regions. Yet, there exists no possible source of data inputs for LASER to achieve such goal. The algorithm has been historically accused of racial profiling despite not using race as a predictor for criminal tendencies. However, our society is fraught with deep-rooted racism such that data points themselves bear the mark of discriminatory ideology and practices. For instance, gang membership as a predictor in LASER essentially serves as a proxy for race. Gangs in African American communities arose as a result of economic deprivation, resource insufficiency, as well as police harassment – phenomena with roots that can be easily traced back to age-old racial segregation. Similarly, criminal records hold the vestiges of the New Jim Crow. Therefore, using gang activity and past arrests as predictors in the LASER system only generate outputs with heavy racial connotations, which in turn reinforce and reify historical biases.\n\nNotwithstanding the problematic algorithm, we do not need to cast away the system entirely. When LASER points to places of deep-rooted discrimination and deprivation, we should mend but not aggravate. Instead of composing chronic offender bulletins, we can treat the LASER outputs as agenda for our next social welfare and infrastructure construction projects – where do we need to build more schools and hospitals? Where should the money go to create more job opportunities? Where do we need to address the problem of police misconduct and rebuild the relationship between people and law enforcement? If we cannot fix a “bias in, bias out” algorithm, we can at least attend to the information it has generated and figure out where the biases have wreaked havoc and taken a heavy toll. We can then redistribute resources and fundings accordingly so that the historically deprived neighborhoods have the chance to flourish. In doing so, we can achieve both sustainability and equity. We can expect the crime rates to go down when the neighborhood achieves economic growth and employment, and such crime reduction is sustainable, unlike the original LASER system that continues to discriminate and deprive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Imagine you are part of the city government responsible for urban planning. Write a letter to address the biggest ethical obligation behind a LASER-like system. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Artega, Brammo, Vaydor",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Brammo and Vaydor are American, Artega is German",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Artega, Brammo, Vaydor |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are five fun ideas for a first date?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Take a cooking class together\n2. Tour a local landmark and eat lunch or dinner at local legendary restaurant\n3. Go to a local dance club where the opening hour provides dance instruction (line dancing, samba, etc..)\n4. Do something youthful: mini golf, go carts, with burgers and ice cream after\n5. Spend an hour walking dogs at the local animal shelter followed by a nice lunch",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are five fun ideas for a first date? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as either a great house or minor house in the series \"A Song of Ice and Fire\": Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister, Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Great house: Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister\nMinor house: Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as either a great house or minor house in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire": Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister, Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly |
classification | [
{
"content": "Among those animals, what are mammals? platypus, Greenland shark, puffer fish, rattlesnake, orca, kangaroo, ostrich",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "From above, those are mammals: platypus, orca, kangaroo. Greenland shark and puffer fish are fishes, not mammals. Rattlesnake is a reptile. Ostrich is a bird. Note though orca lives in the sea and looks like big fishes, e.g. sharks, orca is in fact a mammal.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Among those animals, what are mammals? platypus, Greenland shark, puffer fish, rattlesnake, orca, kangaroo, ostrich |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are common titles for the executives of large companies?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Common titles for executives of large companies include:\n- Chief Executive Officer (CEO)\n- Chief Technology Officer (CTO)\n- Chief Financial Officer (CFO)\n- Chief Legal Officer (CLO)\n- Chief Product Officer (CPO)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are common titles for the executives of large companies? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Pelé began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, the only player to do so and the youngest player to win a World Cup (17). He was nicknamed O Rei (The King) following the 1958 tournament. Pelé is the joint-top goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At the club level, he was Santos's all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals in 659 games. In a golden era for Santos, he led the club to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores, and to the 1962 and 1963 Intercontinental Cup. Credited with connecting the phrase \"The Beautiful Game\" with football, Pelé's \"electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals\" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally to take full advantage of his popularity. During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world. After retiring in 1977, Pelé was a worldwide ambassador for football and made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the honorary president of the New York Cosmos. Please give me a short bullet list of Pele accomplishments based on this passage",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962, and 1970\n- Joint-top goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games\n- Santo's all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals in 659 games\n- 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup\n- For a period the best-paid athlete in the world",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pelé began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, the only player to do so and the youngest player to win a World Cup (17). He was nicknamed O Rei (The King) following the 1958 tournament. Pelé is the joint-top goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At the club level, he was Santos's all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals in 659 games. In a golden era for Santos, he led the club to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores, and to the 1962 and 1963 Intercontinental Cup. Credited with connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football, Pelé's "electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally to take full advantage of his popularity. During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world. After retiring in 1977, Pelé was a worldwide ambassador for football and made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the honorary president of the New York Cosmos. Please give me a short bullet list of Pele accomplishments based on this passage |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. How many teams are in the MLB American League",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The American League consists of 15 teams (including one Canadian team) aligned in three divisions: the AL East, comprising the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays, and Toronto Blue Jays; the AL Central, comprising the Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, Kansas City Royals, and Minnesota Twins; and the AL West, comprising the Houston Astros, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners, and Texas Rangers.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. How many teams are in the MLB American League |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern regional unit of Aetolia-Acarnania. Is Aetolia at sea level?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece, so probably not.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern regional unit of Aetolia-Acarnania. Is Aetolia at sea level? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Can I travel to Canada from the United States with my dog?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You can travel into Canada with a dog as long as you have proof of an unexpired rabies vaccination.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Can I travel to Canada from the United States with my dog? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during the race, which Oxford won by one foot (30 cm), the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event. The close race has been described as \"epic,\" while Olympic gold medalist Steve Redgrave suggested that the race was the \"greatest we will see in our lifetimes.\" What is the 149th Boat Race?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 149th Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race along a 4.2 mile tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London that took place on April 6th, 2003 between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during the race, which Oxford won by one foot (30 cm), the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event. The close race has been described as "epic," while Olympic gold medalist Steve Redgrave suggested that the race was the "greatest we will see in our lifetimes." What is the 149th Boat Race? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is the sky blue?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The sky appears to be blue because of the way sunlight scatters in the atmosphere. The white light from the sun is composed of many frequencies and as it travels through the atmosphere, the blue light, which has a shorter frequency, scatters more. When looking at an area of the sky away from the sun we see the scattered blue light.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is the sky blue? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a vegan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A vegan is one who doesn't eat any food product coming from or derived from animals. This includes eggs, fish, dairy, and to some, honey.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a vegan? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes, which are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the Canada–United States border. Hydrologically, lakes Michigan and Huron are a single body joined at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables modern travel and shipping by water among the lakes.\n\nThe Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area and are second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km2), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km3), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (5,666 cu mi or 23,615 km3, 22–23% of the world's surface fresh water). Because of their sea-like characteristics, such as rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons, the five Great Lakes have long been called inland seas. Depending on how it is measured, by surface area, either Lake Superior or Lake Michigan-Huron is the second-largest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.\n\nThe Great Lakes began to form at the end of the Last Glacial Period around 14,000 years ago, as retreating ice sheets exposed the basins they had carved into the land, which then filled with meltwater. The lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration, trade, and fishing, serving as a habitat to many aquatic species in a region with much biodiversity. The surrounding region is called the Great Lakes region, which includes the Great Lakes Megalopolis. What are the Great Lakes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Great Lakes are comprised of five lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes, which are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the Canada–United States border. Hydrologically, lakes Michigan and Huron are a single body joined at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables modern travel and shipping by water among the lakes.
The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area and are second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km2), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km3), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (5,666 cu mi or 23,615 km3, 22–23% of the world's surface fresh water). Because of their sea-like characteristics, such as rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons, the five Great Lakes have long been called inland seas. Depending on how it is measured, by surface area, either Lake Superior or Lake Michigan-Huron is the second-largest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.
The Great Lakes began to form at the end of the Last Glacial Period around 14,000 years ago, as retreating ice sheets exposed the basins they had carved into the land, which then filled with meltwater. The lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration, trade, and fishing, serving as a habitat to many aquatic species in a region with much biodiversity. The surrounding region is called the Great Lakes region, which includes the Great Lakes Megalopolis. What are the Great Lakes? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Pompeii (/pɒmˈpeɪ(i)/, Latin: [pɔmˈpei̯.iː]) was an ancient city located in what is now the comune of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of volcanic ash and pumice in the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Where is Pompeii located?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The ancient city of Pompeii is located near Naples in the Campania region of Italy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Pompeii (/pɒmˈpeɪ(i)/, Latin: [pɔmˈpei̯.iː]) was an ancient city located in what is now the comune of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of volcanic ash and pumice in the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Where is Pompeii located? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these are metal bands or pop bands: Metallica, Iron Maiden, The Beatles, Coldplay, Slipknot, Slayer, One Direction, ABBA, The Beach Boys, Megadeth, Dream Theater, Machine Head, Queen, The Who, Bee Gees, Lamb Of God, BTS, Anthrax, System of a Down",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "All of them are great bands! Let me help you understand which of those are metal bands and which are pop bands.\n\nMetal bands:\n- Metallica\n- Iron Maiden\n- Slipknot\n- Slayer\n- Megadeth\n- Dream Theater\n- Machine Head\n- Lamb Of God\n- Anthrax\n- System of a Down\n\nPop bands:\n- The Beatles\n- Coldplay\n- One Direction\n- ABBA\n- The Beach Boys\n- Queen\n- The Who\n- Bee Gees\n- BTS",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these are metal bands or pop bands: Metallica, Iron Maiden, The Beatles, Coldplay, Slipknot, Slayer, One Direction, ABBA, The Beach Boys, Megadeth, Dream Theater, Machine Head, Queen, The Who, Bee Gees, Lamb Of God, BTS, Anthrax, System of a Down |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "John William Ferrell (/ˈfɛrəl/; born July 16, 1967) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer. Ferrell first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, where he performed from 1995 to 2002, and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Elf (2003), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Kicking & Screaming (2005), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), Semi-Pro (2008), Step Brothers (2008), and Land of the Lost (2009). He founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 with his writing partner Adam McKay. Other notable film roles include Stranger than Fiction (2006), The Other Guys (2010), The Campaign (2012), Get Hard (2015), Holmes & Watson (2018), and the animated films Curious George (2006), Megamind (2010) and The Lego Movie film franchise (2014–2019).\n\nFerrell is considered a member of the \"Frat Pack\", a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s, including Jack Black, Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Vince Vaughn, Paul Rudd, and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson. He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live, and three Golden Globe Award nominations for acting in The Producers (2005) and Stranger than Fiction (2006) and for producing Vice (2018). He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards. Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 24, 2015. Given a reference text about Will Ferrell, tell me where he kickstarted his career, what group of comic actors he is considered part of, and how many Golden Globe Award nominations he has.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Will Ferrell kickstarted his career on the NBC sketch comedy series \"Saturday Night Live\". He is considered part of the \"Frat Pack\", and has received three Golden Globe Award nominations.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| John William Ferrell (/ˈfɛrəl/; born July 16, 1967) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer. Ferrell first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, where he performed from 1995 to 2002, and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Elf (2003), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Kicking & Screaming (2005), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), Semi-Pro (2008), Step Brothers (2008), and Land of the Lost (2009). He founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 with his writing partner Adam McKay. Other notable film roles include Stranger than Fiction (2006), The Other Guys (2010), The Campaign (2012), Get Hard (2015), Holmes & Watson (2018), and the animated films Curious George (2006), Megamind (2010) and The Lego Movie film franchise (2014–2019).
Ferrell is considered a member of the "Frat Pack", a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s, including Jack Black, Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Vince Vaughn, Paul Rudd, and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson. He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live, and three Golden Globe Award nominations for acting in The Producers (2005) and Stranger than Fiction (2006) and for producing Vice (2018). He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards. Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 24, 2015. Given a reference text about Will Ferrell, tell me where he kickstarted his career, what group of comic actors he is considered part of, and how many Golden Globe Award nominations he has. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Create a workout to strengthen my upper body",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you have access to weights, a workout might start with four sets of bench press and four sets of upright row at 6 to 10 reps each to strengthen your chest and back. If you don’t have access to weights you could replace those exercises with some combination of push ups, pull ups, and chin ups. Next move into three sets of shoulder press and rear delt raises for ten reps each. Finally, do three sets of bicep curls and three sets of tricep dips for ten and thirty reps respectively. The weights and repetitions for each exercise should scale with your comfort and ability doing that exercise. \n\nWhen working out, it’s very important to use good form and not overextend yourself. When lifting heavy weights it’s a good idea to get help from a spotter, and in particular you should never do bench press alone. Don’t fall into the trap of pushing too hard and risk your personal safety - you’ll get a lot stronger if you avoid injuries!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Create a workout to strengthen my upper body |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Best workout in the world.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Walk,. Just walk as much as you can",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Best workout in the world. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is the best soccer player in the world?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The best player in the world as of 2023 is Lionel Messi. He is also widely regarded as the greatest player to ever grace the game.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the best soccer player in the world? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a listing of ways I can incorporate physical activity into my daily routine.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Incorporating physical activity into your daily routine can come in many forms. Some examples include standing, walking, running, jogging, and walking the dog. You can also incorporate physical activity into everyday activities such as parking further away from the store's entrance in order to walk more.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a listing of ways I can incorporate physical activity into my daily routine. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Where do bears live?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bears are native to every continent on earth besides Antarctica. Polar bears live in the Arctic, black bears live in North America and Asia, brown bears live in North America, Asia, and Europe, and Panda bears live in Asia.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where do bears live? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is an enzyme inhibitor?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme's active site, or another site on the enzyme, and blocks the enzyme's catalysis of the reaction. Enzyme inhibitors are generally specific to one enzyme and control that enzyme's activity. They also control essential enzymes such as proteases or nucleases that, if left unchecked, may damage a cell. \n\nMany poisons produced by animals or plants are enzyme inhibitors, and many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit an aberrant human enzyme or an enzyme critical for the survival of a pathogen. Since anti-pathogen inhibitors generally target only one enzyme, such drugs are highly specific and generally produce few side effects in humans. \n\nMedicinal enzyme inhibitors often have low dissociation constants, meaning a minute amount of the inhibitor will inhibit the enzyme. The discovery of enzyme inhibitors and their refinement are researched in biochemistry and pharmacology.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is an enzyme inhibitor? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "\"Happy Birthday Darlin'\" is a song written by Chuck Howard, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in October 1979 as the third and final single from his album Cross Winds. The song was Twitty's 23rd number one on the country chart as solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart.\n\nContent\nThe song begins with the spoken lyric \"Hello, Darlin',\" calling back to Twitty's 1970 hit of the same name that starts in the same way. The song otherwise tells a narrative through the eyes of a man who vows to right a number of wrongs in his relationship. Here, instead of giving his wife a present for her birthday, he vows to take some things away, such as suspicion, lonely moments, \"so-so kisses\" and doubt, replacing them with such things as faith and companionship. In the end, the man confidently says that his wife can tell friends, \"He didn’t give me anything but he sure took a lot of things away.\" Who wrote the song Happy Birthday Darlin",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Happy Birthday Darlin' is a song written by Chuck Howard, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in October 1979 as the third and final single from his album Cross Winds. The song was Twitty's 23rd number one on the country chart as solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart.\n\nThe song begins with the spoken lyric Hello, Darlin' calling back to Twitty's 1970 hit of the same name that starts in the same way. The song otherwise tells a narrative through the eyes of a man who vows to right a number of wrongs in his relationship. Here, instead of giving his wife a present for her birthday, he vows to take some things away, such as suspicion, lonely moments, \"so-so kisses\" and doubt, replacing them with such things as faith and companionship. In the end, the man confidently says that his wife can tell friends, \"He didn’t give me anything but he sure took a lot of things away.\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| "Happy Birthday Darlin'" is a song written by Chuck Howard, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in October 1979 as the third and final single from his album Cross Winds. The song was Twitty's 23rd number one on the country chart as solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart.
Content
The song begins with the spoken lyric "Hello, Darlin'," calling back to Twitty's 1970 hit of the same name that starts in the same way. The song otherwise tells a narrative through the eyes of a man who vows to right a number of wrongs in his relationship. Here, instead of giving his wife a present for her birthday, he vows to take some things away, such as suspicion, lonely moments, "so-so kisses" and doubt, replacing them with such things as faith and companionship. In the end, the man confidently says that his wife can tell friends, "He didn’t give me anything but he sure took a lot of things away." Who wrote the song Happy Birthday Darlin |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "A funeral is a ceremony connected with the final disposition of a corpse, such as a burial or cremation, with the attendant observances. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect the dead, from interment, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honor. Customs vary between cultures and religious groups. Funerals have both normative and legal components. Common secular motivations for funerals include mourning the deceased, celebrating their life, and offering support and sympathy to the bereaved; additionally, funerals may have religious aspects that are intended to help the soul of the deceased reach the afterlife, resurrection or reincarnation.\n\nThe funeral usually includes a ritual through which the corpse receives a final disposition. Depending on culture and religion, these can involve either the destruction of the body (for example, by cremation or sky burial) or its preservation (for example, by mummification or interment). Differing beliefs about cleanliness and the relationship between body and soul are reflected in funerary practices. A memorial service (or celebration of life) is a funerary ceremony that is performed without the remains of the deceased person.\n\nThe word funeral comes from the Latin funus, which had a variety of meanings, including the corpse and the funerary rites themselves. Funerary art is art produced in connection with burials, including many kinds of tombs, and objects specially made for burial like flowers with a corpse. From the passage list down the religious aspects of a funeral. List the results in comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "afterlife, resurrection, reincarnation",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| A funeral is a ceremony connected with the final disposition of a corpse, such as a burial or cremation, with the attendant observances. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect the dead, from interment, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honor. Customs vary between cultures and religious groups. Funerals have both normative and legal components. Common secular motivations for funerals include mourning the deceased, celebrating their life, and offering support and sympathy to the bereaved; additionally, funerals may have religious aspects that are intended to help the soul of the deceased reach the afterlife, resurrection or reincarnation.
The funeral usually includes a ritual through which the corpse receives a final disposition. Depending on culture and religion, these can involve either the destruction of the body (for example, by cremation or sky burial) or its preservation (for example, by mummification or interment). Differing beliefs about cleanliness and the relationship between body and soul are reflected in funerary practices. A memorial service (or celebration of life) is a funerary ceremony that is performed without the remains of the deceased person.
The word funeral comes from the Latin funus, which had a variety of meanings, including the corpse and the funerary rites themselves. Funerary art is art produced in connection with burials, including many kinds of tombs, and objects specially made for burial like flowers with a corpse. From the passage list down the religious aspects of a funeral. List the results in comma separated format. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How large are elephant eggs?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Elephants do not lay eggs. They give birth to live young.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How large are elephant eggs? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of different berries that I could put in a smoothie",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Blackberries, strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries would all be good in a smoothie",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of different berries that I could put in a smoothie |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who are the founders of OpenAI?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "OpenAI was founded by by Sam Altman, Reid Hoffman, Ilya Sutskever, Elon Musk, Wojciech Zaremba, Peter Thiel, Jessica Livingston and others in 2015.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are the founders of OpenAI? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in India or Syria.\nKolkāta, Mumbai, Aleppo, Delhi, Homs, Damascus",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "India - Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkāta\nSyria - Aleppo, Damascus, Homs",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the cities based on whether they are located in India or Syria.
Kolkāta, Mumbai, Aleppo, Delhi, Homs, Damascus |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere; it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene. In what city was Titanium first discovered?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cornwall",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere; it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene. In what city was Titanium first discovered? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do you grill a steak?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "To grill a great steak, it all starts with the seasoning. A simple yet timeless seasoning includes a light coat with olive oil and salt and pepper to taste on all sides. While seasoning, the steak should be fully and evenly covered. From there, make sure your grill is hot (about 450* or higher) and grill for 4 minutes per side. Make sure to turn the steak 90* after your second turn. From there, remove once the steak hits 125* internal and let rest for 10 minutes. Serve and enjoy!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do you grill a steak? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people. List the countries that are a part of UK.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people. List the countries that are a part of UK. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What's funny about the phrase \"Why was Dumbo sad? He felt irrelephant.\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The phrase \"Why was Dumbo sad? He felt irrelephant\" is funny because Dumbo is an elephant and that word sounds like irrelevant. The phrase is a pun.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What's funny about the phrase "Why was Dumbo sad? He felt irrelephant." |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is System Thinking",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Systems thinking is a way of making sense of complexity by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than splitting it into parts. It is based on the idea that all critical processes in an organization are interrelated and work together to achieve a common goal.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is System Thinking |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of the following as something you sit on or stand on: chair, couch, paddle board, skateboard, sofa, skis",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chair: Sit On\nCouch: Sit On\nPaddle Board: Stand On\nSkateboard: Stand On\nSofa: Sit On\nSkis: Stand On",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of the following as something you sit on or stand on: chair, couch, paddle board, skateboard, sofa, skis |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "2022 UEFA European Under 19 Championship qualification",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualifying competition was a men's under-19 football competition that determined the seven teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Slovakia in the 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship final tournament. Players born on or after 1 January 2003 were eligible to participate.\n\nOriginally, the qualifying competition would use a new format with teams split into three different leagues with promotion and relegation, with the draw of the first round under the new format already held in December 2019. However, on 17 June 2020, UEFA announced that the introduction of the new format had been postponed to the next edition due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and qualification for this edition would use the previous format involving two rounds only.\n\nApart from Slovakia, 53 of the remaining 54 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition, where the original format consisted of a qualifying round that took place in autumn 2021, and an elite round that took place in spring 2022.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 2022 UEFA European Under 19 Championship qualification |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Short Circuit is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by John Badham and written by S. S. Wilson and Brent Maddock. The film's plot centers on an experimental military robot that is struck by lightning and gains a human-like intelligence, prompting it to escape its facility to learn more about the world. The film stars Ally Sheedy, Steve Guttenberg, Fisher Stevens, Austin Pendleton and G. W. Bailey, with Tim Blaney as the voice of the robot named \"Number 5\". A sequel, Short Circuit 2, was released in 1988, directed by Kenneth Johnson.\n\nNOVA Laboratory robotics experts Newton Crosby and Ben Jabituya have developed several prototype robots called S.A.I.N.T. (Strategic Artificially Intelligent Nuclear Transport) for the U.S. military to use in Cold War operations, though they would rather seek peaceful applications of the robots. After a live demonstration for the military, one of the units, S.A.I.N.T. Number 5, is struck by lightning arcing through the lab's power grid. This scrambles its programming and makes it sentient, resulting in its escape from the NOVA facility.\n\nThe robot finds itself in Astoria, Oregon, and is found by Stephanie Speck, an animal caregiver, who mistakes him for an alien. She takes the robot into her home, where she provides him with \"input\" in the form of visual and verbal stimuli, allowing the robot to improve its language skills. Stephanie continues to help the curious Number 5 robot learn about the world. She eventually discovers that Number 5 was built by NOVA, and contacts them about the lost robot. Nova's CEO, Dr. Howard Marner, orders Crosby and Ben to recover him, so they can disassemble and rebuild him. While waiting for NOVA to arrive, Number 5 learns about death when he accidentally crushes a grasshopper and concludes that if NOVA disassembles him, he will die, and escapes in Stephanie's food truck. However, NOVA uses a tracking device on Number 5 to corner him and deactivate the robot for return to the facility. During transport, Number 5 reactivates himself and removes the tracking device, and flees back to Stephanie.\n\nBecause of these unusual actions, Crosby tries to convince Howard that something has changed with Number 5's programming and that they should take care not to damage it in their recovery efforts so that he can examine them later. Howard instead sends their security chief Captain Skroeder and three other S.A.I.N.T. prototypes to capture Number 5 by force, ignoring Crosby's concerns. Number 5 outwits the other robots and reprograms their personalities to act like The Three Stooges, allowing him to escape. Number 5 “kidnaps” Crosby, takes him to Stephanie, and convinces Crosby of his sentience. They find that Skroeder has called in the United States Army to capture Number 5, and on his orders, restrain Crosby and Stephanie so he can open fire. To protect his friends, Number 5 leads the Army away and appears to be destroyed by a helicopter missile. Stephanie is devastated as Skroeder's men scrounge the remains of Number 5 as trophies, prompting Crosby to resign from NOVA and drive away with Stephanie in the NOVA van. Howard is dismayed over the loss of his research and dismisses Skroeder for insubordination.\n\nCrosby and Stephanie are surprised to discover that Number 5 had hidden under the van, having assembled a decoy of himself from spare parts to mislead the military. Crosby suggests taking Number 5 to a secluded ranch in Montana, where there will be much \"input\" for the robot, and Stephanie agrees to come with them. As they drive off, Number 5 asserts that his name should now be \"Johnny 5\" based on the El DeBarge song \"Who's Johnny\" which had been playing on the van's radio. Given this summary of the movie Short Circuit, how can we conclude that what happened to number 5 was truly a miracle of life that manifested sentience, rather than a computer malfunction?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Short Circuit is a 1986 film about military robot that becomes sentient by lightening strike, escapes, learns, adapts, and over comes many challenges of a former robot attempting to prove its sentience to its makers and make a life for itself. \nThe miracle of life that is sentience has certain markers that distinguish themselves from computers and technology, and the film attempts to showcase these via a series of acts. First and foremost, the technology of the time period did not have any of the capabilities of Artificial General Intelligence, which is confirmed by the programmers confusion by number 5 not abiding its programming. Given the amount of input that number 5 must have extracted, processed, stored, and analyzed, there were insufficient compute resources of the time period to support this type of live streaming, instantaneous processing and analysis. \nJohnny 5 was alive because it was able to learn what death was, become afraid of it, and fight for his ability to survive. Johnny 5 also learned how to outwit his opponents without the use of excessive force, while also using comedy to disarm his foes. In the end, it was able to trick his would be destroyers into believing it was dead, allowing him to escape into a life with his friends doing what he loves, reading input. \nWhat better proof than this, of the miracle of life, is for someone to fight for it, and live.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Short Circuit is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by John Badham and written by S. S. Wilson and Brent Maddock. The film's plot centers on an experimental military robot that is struck by lightning and gains a human-like intelligence, prompting it to escape its facility to learn more about the world. The film stars Ally Sheedy, Steve Guttenberg, Fisher Stevens, Austin Pendleton and G. W. Bailey, with Tim Blaney as the voice of the robot named "Number 5". A sequel, Short Circuit 2, was released in 1988, directed by Kenneth Johnson.
NOVA Laboratory robotics experts Newton Crosby and Ben Jabituya have developed several prototype robots called S.A.I.N.T. (Strategic Artificially Intelligent Nuclear Transport) for the U.S. military to use in Cold War operations, though they would rather seek peaceful applications of the robots. After a live demonstration for the military, one of the units, S.A.I.N.T. Number 5, is struck by lightning arcing through the lab's power grid. This scrambles its programming and makes it sentient, resulting in its escape from the NOVA facility.
The robot finds itself in Astoria, Oregon, and is found by Stephanie Speck, an animal caregiver, who mistakes him for an alien. She takes the robot into her home, where she provides him with "input" in the form of visual and verbal stimuli, allowing the robot to improve its language skills. Stephanie continues to help the curious Number 5 robot learn about the world. She eventually discovers that Number 5 was built by NOVA, and contacts them about the lost robot. Nova's CEO, Dr. Howard Marner, orders Crosby and Ben to recover him, so they can disassemble and rebuild him. While waiting for NOVA to arrive, Number 5 learns about death when he accidentally crushes a grasshopper and concludes that if NOVA disassembles him, he will die, and escapes in Stephanie's food truck. However, NOVA uses a tracking device on Number 5 to corner him and deactivate the robot for return to the facility. During transport, Number 5 reactivates himself and removes the tracking device, and flees back to Stephanie.
Because of these unusual actions, Crosby tries to convince Howard that something has changed with Number 5's programming and that they should take care not to damage it in their recovery efforts so that he can examine them later. Howard instead sends their security chief Captain Skroeder and three other S.A.I.N.T. prototypes to capture Number 5 by force, ignoring Crosby's concerns. Number 5 outwits the other robots and reprograms their personalities to act like The Three Stooges, allowing him to escape. Number 5 “kidnaps” Crosby, takes him to Stephanie, and convinces Crosby of his sentience. They find that Skroeder has called in the United States Army to capture Number 5, and on his orders, restrain Crosby and Stephanie so he can open fire. To protect his friends, Number 5 leads the Army away and appears to be destroyed by a helicopter missile. Stephanie is devastated as Skroeder's men scrounge the remains of Number 5 as trophies, prompting Crosby to resign from NOVA and drive away with Stephanie in the NOVA van. Howard is dismayed over the loss of his research and dismisses Skroeder for insubordination.
Crosby and Stephanie are surprised to discover that Number 5 had hidden under the van, having assembled a decoy of himself from spare parts to mislead the military. Crosby suggests taking Number 5 to a secluded ranch in Montana, where there will be much "input" for the robot, and Stephanie agrees to come with them. As they drive off, Number 5 asserts that his name should now be "Johnny 5" based on the El DeBarge song "Who's Johnny" which had been playing on the van's radio. Given this summary of the movie Short Circuit, how can we conclude that what happened to number 5 was truly a miracle of life that manifested sentience, rather than a computer malfunction? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Vauxhall, Tesla",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tesla is American, Vauxhall is British",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Vauxhall, Tesla |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why is it so hard to predict which teams will make the Men's College Basketball Final Four?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Unlike other sports where playoff rounds can be a series of multiple games (such as the NBA, NHL, MLB, etc), the \"March Madness\" college basketball playoffs features single elimination games for each round, so in a one game playoff, upsets are much more likely than in a 7 game series, where the statistically better team is most like going to win. So, out of the 68 teams that make the tournament, it is hard to predict who will each round.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why is it so hard to predict which teams will make the Men's College Basketball Final Four? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The German sociologist Max Weber was the first to formally study bureaucracy and his works led to the popularization of this term. In his essay Bureaucracy, published in his magnum opus Economy and Society, Weber described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government, and business. His ideal-typical bureaucracy, whether public or private, is characterized by:\n- hierarchical organization\n- formal lines of authority (chain of command)\n- a fixed area of activity\n- rigid division of labor\n- regular and continuous execution of assigned tasks\n- all decisions and powers specified and restricted by regulations\n- officials with expert training in their fields\n- career advancement dependent on technical qualifications\n- qualifications evaluated by organizational rules, not individuals\nWeber listed several preconditions for the emergence of bureaucracy, including an increase in the amount of space and population being administered, an increase in the complexity of the administrative tasks being carried out, and the existence of a monetary economy requiring a more efficient administrative system. The development of communication and transportation technologies makes more efficient administration possible, and democratization and rationalization of culture results in demands for equal treatment. Although he was not necessarily an admirer of bureaucracy, Weber saw bureaucratization as the most efficient and rational way of organizing human activity and therefore as the key to rational-legal authority, indispensable to the modern world. Furthermore, he saw it as the key process in the ongoing rationalization of Western society. Weber also saw bureaucracy, however, as a threat to individual freedoms, and the ongoing bureaucratization as leading to a \"polar night of icy darkness\", in which increasing rationalization of human life traps individuals in a soulless \"iron cage\" of bureaucratic, rule-based, rational control Weber's critical study of the bureaucratization of society became one of the most enduring parts of his work. Many aspects of modern public administration are based on his work, and a classic, hierarchically organized civil service of the Continental type is called \"Weberian civil service\" or \"Weberian bureaucracy\". It is debated among social scientists whether Weberian bureaucracy contributes to economic growth Using Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy as outlined in the provided text, generate 5 pro and 5 con bullet points on how bureaucracy is applied to an organization in practice.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pro:\n1. References are provided and checked to ensure candidates are qualified.\n2. Management priorities are completed by employees as soon as possible.\n3. \"Industry experts\" are welcome.\n4. Learning is rewarded and encouraged. Free training is provided. \n5. When warranted, a RACI (responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) is shared across departments. \n\nCon: \n1. \"Flat\" organizations with a \"startup\" culture generate new ideas since all employees feel like contributors.\n2. Dynamic and strategic roles are difficult to place into a fixed area of activity with a clear division of responsibilities.\n3. Decisioning via regulations assumes it is possible and efficient to document specified and restricted regulations in all cases. \n4. Bureaucracy is not \"fun\" and employee retention and well-being are critical aspects of any organization.\n5. Employee \"freedom\" motivates and inspires people to do their best work.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The German sociologist Max Weber was the first to formally study bureaucracy and his works led to the popularization of this term. In his essay Bureaucracy, published in his magnum opus Economy and Society, Weber described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government, and business. His ideal-typical bureaucracy, whether public or private, is characterized by:
- hierarchical organization
- formal lines of authority (chain of command)
- a fixed area of activity
- rigid division of labor
- regular and continuous execution of assigned tasks
- all decisions and powers specified and restricted by regulations
- officials with expert training in their fields
- career advancement dependent on technical qualifications
- qualifications evaluated by organizational rules, not individuals
Weber listed several preconditions for the emergence of bureaucracy, including an increase in the amount of space and population being administered, an increase in the complexity of the administrative tasks being carried out, and the existence of a monetary economy requiring a more efficient administrative system. The development of communication and transportation technologies makes more efficient administration possible, and democratization and rationalization of culture results in demands for equal treatment. Although he was not necessarily an admirer of bureaucracy, Weber saw bureaucratization as the most efficient and rational way of organizing human activity and therefore as the key to rational-legal authority, indispensable to the modern world. Furthermore, he saw it as the key process in the ongoing rationalization of Western society. Weber also saw bureaucracy, however, as a threat to individual freedoms, and the ongoing bureaucratization as leading to a "polar night of icy darkness", in which increasing rationalization of human life traps individuals in a soulless "iron cage" of bureaucratic, rule-based, rational control Weber's critical study of the bureaucratization of society became one of the most enduring parts of his work. Many aspects of modern public administration are based on his work, and a classic, hierarchically organized civil service of the Continental type is called "Weberian civil service" or "Weberian bureaucracy". It is debated among social scientists whether Weberian bureaucracy contributes to economic growth Using Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy as outlined in the provided text, generate 5 pro and 5 con bullet points on how bureaucracy is applied to an organization in practice. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Trans Tahoe Relay?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Each year there is a race held to swim across Lake Tahoe. The race was created and is still sponsored by The Olympic Club of San Francisco. Teams are created and entered from across the globe but primarily North America. The format of the race is a six person relay; all male, all female. or half male/female. Starting on the Nevada side of the lake each member of the team swims for 30 minutes following the team's boat. After each of the swimmers has completed the 30 minute rotation the swimmers then rotate again every 10 minutes. This is done is sequence until the team reach the other side of the lake in California. The swimmers need to touch one-another when rotating between swimmers and there are no wetsuits or fins allowed.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Trans Tahoe Relay? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me which of the following movies are intended for adult or child audiences: The Godfather, Monsters Inc, Scream, When Harry Met Sally, Frozen II, E.T.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Godfather: adult\nMonsters Inc: child\nScream: adult\nWhen Harry Met Sally: adult\nFrozen II: child\nE.T.: child",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me which of the following movies are intended for adult or child audiences: The Godfather, Monsters Inc, Scream, When Harry Met Sally, Frozen II, E.T. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these are cheeses or not: Stinking Bishop, Gouda, Gonzo, Brie, Partisano",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stinking Bishop, Gouda, and Brie are cheeses. Gonzo and Partisano are not.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tell me whether these are cheeses or not: Stinking Bishop, Gouda, Gonzo, Brie, Partisano |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "You, a commercial gym supervisor, are supervising the resistance training area when you hear a lot of clanging noise by the seated leg press machine. You observe a participant not controlling the descent of the weights. You suggest he slowly return the weights rather than letting them drop quickly. A day or two later, he reports that he felt more sore than usual after that workout. What accounts for this? Is it safe for him to exercise today?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "He is feeling more sore than usual because likely the weight was too heavy for him, and he was not able to control the descent of the weights properly, leading him to overexert himself in the exercise. He may want to rest a bit longer before returning to workout as normal, as he does not want to injure himself in the long run. In the process of not performing the seated leg press as he should (in a safe manner), he risks overusing his muscles, and maybe even tearing a muscle or ligament in the long run.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| You, a commercial gym supervisor, are supervising the resistance training area when you hear a lot of clanging noise by the seated leg press machine. You observe a participant not controlling the descent of the weights. You suggest he slowly return the weights rather than letting them drop quickly. A day or two later, he reports that he felt more sore than usual after that workout. What accounts for this? Is it safe for him to exercise today? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "List all the planets in our solar system with more than one moon.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune all have more than one moon.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List all the planets in our solar system with more than one moon. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why was peanut butter invented?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Peanut butter was first invented by the Inca, but made a reappearance in North America due to its rediscovery by John Harvey Kellogg in 1895. Peanut butter was made with the purpose of helping older people who couldn’t chew solid foods gain nutrients such as protein. Although it made a reapperance in 1895, it was sold to the public in 1904.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why was peanut butter invented? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Tujhse He Raabta is a 2015 Pakistani television film directed by Nivdeita Basu and written by Moomal Shunaid. This television film was produced by Saurabh Pandey and co-produced by Yasir Shah under the banner of White Light Army Pictures. It was first aired on Geo Television on 15 February 2015 at 7:00 p.m. in Pakistan.\n\nIt features Sara Khan as the lead role in this television film. She rose to fame with her appearance in the Indian soap “Bidaai” while her co-lead, Yasir Shah, is a Pakistani actor, producer, screenwriter and model who started his acting career in India. The special feature of this telefilm is the high-red production camera due to which it has feature film quality. Given a reference text about Tujhse He Raabta, tell me who played the main role in the film.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sara Khan played the lead role in the film Tujhse He Raabta.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Tujhse He Raabta is a 2015 Pakistani television film directed by Nivdeita Basu and written by Moomal Shunaid. This television film was produced by Saurabh Pandey and co-produced by Yasir Shah under the banner of White Light Army Pictures. It was first aired on Geo Television on 15 February 2015 at 7:00 p.m. in Pakistan.
It features Sara Khan as the lead role in this television film. She rose to fame with her appearance in the Indian soap “Bidaai” while her co-lead, Yasir Shah, is a Pakistani actor, producer, screenwriter and model who started his acting career in India. The special feature of this telefilm is the high-red production camera due to which it has feature film quality. Given a reference text about Tujhse He Raabta, tell me who played the main role in the film. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of the most famous tech companies in the world",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Twitter, Facebook, Apple, Oracle, Alibaba",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of the most famous tech companies in the world |
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