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classification | [
{
"content": "Which of the following venomous snakes lay eggs: copperhead, water moccasin, rattlesnake, coral snake.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The coral snake is the only venomous snake listed that is an egg-layer, or oviparous. Copperheads, water moccasin and rattlesnakes are ovoviviparous, and bear live young.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of the following venomous snakes lay eggs: copperhead, water moccasin, rattlesnake, coral snake. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do people move/sway during music?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Scientists believe we are born with a sense of rhythm and our bodies naturally react and behave to the sound of music in different ways.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do people move/sway during music? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify these programming languages to compiled or interpreted: shell script, erlang, rust, python, javascript, C++, go",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "- Compiled language: erlang, rust, C++, go\n- Interpreted language: shell script, python, javascript",
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}
]
| Classify these programming languages to compiled or interpreted: shell script, erlang, rust, python, javascript, C++, go |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a brief paragraph of the benefits of attending Arizona State University",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Arizona State University is located in Tempe, Arizona and offers over 350 degree options across 17 colleges. ASU has a sprawling campus giving students many housing options. The climate in Arizona is desert and receives over 300 days of sunshine. Arizona State is PAC-12 School supporting both mens and woman's athletics. Wheather it's athletics, academics or social clubs Arizona State has you covered. With over 38,000 students on campus, ASU also offers online courses to over 90,000 students. In 2021 US News and World reports ranked ASU 103rd among universities in the United States.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a brief paragraph of the benefits of attending Arizona State University |
classification | [
{
"content": "Tell me whether these golfers are American, Canadian, or neither: Mike Weir, Corey Conners, Max Homa, Tiger Woods, Justin Thomas, Viktor Hovland",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mike Weir: Canadian\nCorey Conners: Canadian\nMax Homa: American\nTiger Woods: American\nJustin Thomas: American\nViktor Hovland: Neither",
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}
]
| Tell me whether these golfers are American, Canadian, or neither: Mike Weir, Corey Conners, Max Homa, Tiger Woods, Justin Thomas, Viktor Hovland |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are the pros and cons of working from home?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The pros might be no commute, increase in productivity, more comfortable setting, easier to collaborate with others across geographies. While the cons might be more distractions, challenges maintaining boundaries and separating work from home, lack of camaraderie or team culture.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the pros and cons of working from home? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Kerala (English: /ˈkɛrələ/ KERR-ə-lə; Malayalam: [ke:ɾɐɭɐm] (listen)) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore. Spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state. What year was Kerala formed?",
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},
{
"content": "1956",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Kerala (English: /ˈkɛrələ/ KERR-ə-lə; Malayalam: [ke:ɾɐɭɐm] (listen)) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore. Spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state. What year was Kerala formed? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What are the best hikes near Portland Oregon.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are many hikes near Portland Oregon, especially on the Columbia River Gorge. The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area is the best place to experience the beauty of the Pacific Northwest. The most popular hike in the gorge is Angel’s Rest. This hike is challenging but will only take you a few hours and the payoff is beautiful views of the gorge. Another very popular hike is at Multnomah Falls. This incredible waterfall is over 600 feet tall and makes for some impressive pictures from the bottom or top. You can make this hike as easy or difficult as you want. A lesser known but still incredible hike in the gorge is Hamilton Mountain. You will be treated to some incredible eastern gorge views if you continue on from the peak to the subsequent mountain saddle. When in doubt use the Alltrails app to find hikes in any area your travels take you.",
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}
]
| What are the best hikes near Portland Oregon. |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of some underrated countries I've never travelled to.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "* Mongolia: This hidden gem doesn't get the attention that it needs. Known for Yak, nomad lifestyle, and Gorkhi Terelj National Park, country has a tons of things to offer.\n* Ecuador: Many tourists comes to Ecuador but to visit popular Galapagos Islands. However, my doing so, they are missing all the goodness that this beautiful and filled with nature, country has to offer.\n* Slovenia: If you are planning to visit the tourist beloved Croatia, then you might want to also involve its neighbouring country. Slovenia despite being small, has a magnificent Lake Bled and Triglav National Park. On the top, if you less crowded and affordable prices your wish, then it is a definite try.\n* Laos: Although people are well acquainted with Thailand and Vietnam as countries in South East Asia, this small country is often overlooked. Not only this is a budget-friendly country, it has great waterfalls, caves and bunch of small islands that will definitely make worth a visit.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of some underrated countries I've never travelled to. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the following as either a solid, liquid, or gas: carbon dioxide, water, oil, granite, aluminum, gold, oxygen",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Carbon Dioxide: Gas\nWater: Liquid\nOil: Liquid\nGranite: Solid\nAluminum: Solid\nGold: Solid\nOxygen: Gas",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify the following as either a solid, liquid, or gas: carbon dioxide, water, oil, granite, aluminum, gold, oxygen |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Name the top 10 Manchester United Scorers of all time and how many goals they scored?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1) Wayne Rooney - 253 goals\n\n2) Bobby Charlton- 249 goals\n\n3) Denis Law- 227 goals\n\n4) Jack Rowley- 211 goals\n\n5) Dennis Viollet- 179 goals\n\n6) George Best - 179 goals\n\n7) Joe Spence- 168 goals\n\n8) Ryan Giggs -168 goals\n\n9) Mark Hughes - 163 goals\n\n10) Paul Scholes - 155 goals",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name the top 10 Manchester United Scorers of all time and how many goals they scored? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Who are some of the most influential innovators of all time?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Thomas Edison.\nSteve Jobs\nNikola Tesla\nBill Gates\nBenjamin Franklin\nLeonardo Da Vinci\nAlexander Graham Bell\nSandford Fleming",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are some of the most influential innovators of all time? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Give me the list of fictional dogs in prose and poetry",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fictional dogs in prose and poetry:\n\n- Buck, in Jack London's The Call of the Wild\n- Bull's-eye, Bill Sikes' dog in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens\n- Ripper, Marjorie Dursley's pet dog in J.K Rowling's Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\n- Jip (short for Gypsy), Dora Spenlow's spaniel in Charles Dickens' David Copperfield\n- Jip, resident in the household of Hugh Lofting's Dr. Dolittle\n- Baleia, the dog-companion that follows a poor family throughout the hardships of the 1915-drought in Brazil in Vidas secas, by Graciliano Ramos\n- Quincas Borba, the dog whose name is the same as his human's in Machado de Assis' Quincas Borba\n- Tentação, the dog in the homonymous short-story by Clarice Lispector\n- Pingo de Ouro, Miguilim's companion in the novella Campo Geral, by João Guimarães Rosa\n- Biruta, the dog in the homonymous short-story by Lygia Fagundes Telles\n- Bruno Lichtenstein, the dog in the homonymous short-story by Rubem Braga\n- Toto, Dorothy's dog in The Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum\n- Sharik, the astray dog who undergoes a transformation surgery in Heart of a Dog, by Mikhail Bulgakov\n- Mr. Bones, the companion dog in Timbuktu, by Paul Auster\n- Randolph, a Labrador retriever and the narrator of A Dog About Town, by JF Englert",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me the list of fictional dogs in prose and poetry |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting abilities and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.\nSwift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs \"Shake It Off\", \"Blank Space\", and \"Bad Blood\". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single \"Look What You Made Me Do\".\nExiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Republic Records in 2018 and released her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), followed by the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana (2020). She ventured into indie folk and alternative rock in her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, whose singles \"Cardigan\" and \"Willow\" topped the Hot 100. Swift began re-recording her first six albums after a dispute over their masters, re-releasing two in 2021—Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version). The latter's \"All Too Well (10 Minute Version)\" became the longest song to top the Hot 100. Her 2022 album Midnights and single \"Anti-Hero\" broke all-time streaming records. Swift has directed music videos and films, such as All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), and played supporting roles in others.\nHaving sold over 200 million records globally, Swift is one of the best-selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify and the only act to have five albums open with over one million copies sold in the US. Among her accolades are 12 Grammy Awards, including three Album of the Year wins; an Emmy Award; 40 American Music Awards; 29 Billboard Music Awards; three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards; and 92 Guinness World Records. Swift has been featured in rankings such as Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists, the Time 100 and Forbes Celebrity 100. Honored with titles such as Artist of the Decade and Woman of the Decade, Swift is an advocate for artists' rights and women's empowerment. Her music is credited with influencing a generation of singers and songwriters. Mention the Record labels Taylor was associated with.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Taylor Swift was associated with the following record labels:\n1. Sony/ATV Music Publishing (2004) \n2. Big Machine Records (2005)\n3. Republic Records (2018)",
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}
]
| Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting abilities and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".
Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Republic Records in 2018 and released her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), followed by the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana (2020). She ventured into indie folk and alternative rock in her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, whose singles "Cardigan" and "Willow" topped the Hot 100. Swift began re-recording her first six albums after a dispute over their masters, re-releasing two in 2021—Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version). The latter's "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)" became the longest song to top the Hot 100. Her 2022 album Midnights and single "Anti-Hero" broke all-time streaming records. Swift has directed music videos and films, such as All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), and played supporting roles in others.
Having sold over 200 million records globally, Swift is one of the best-selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify and the only act to have five albums open with over one million copies sold in the US. Among her accolades are 12 Grammy Awards, including three Album of the Year wins; an Emmy Award; 40 American Music Awards; 29 Billboard Music Awards; three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards; and 92 Guinness World Records. Swift has been featured in rankings such as Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists, the Time 100 and Forbes Celebrity 100. Honored with titles such as Artist of the Decade and Woman of the Decade, Swift is an advocate for artists' rights and women's empowerment. Her music is credited with influencing a generation of singers and songwriters. Mention the Record labels Taylor was associated with. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who is Daniel Ricciardo?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Daniel Joseph Ricciardo is an Italian-Australian racing driver who last raced in Formula One driving for McLaren, under the Australian flag. He is currently the third driver for Redbull F1 team. He is considered to be one of the best overtakers in F1 history.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is Daniel Ricciardo? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Reid attended the University of Virginia, where she made 83 appearances and scored two goals. Her senior year, she started all 21 games, scored a golden goal at No. 2 West Virginia, and had two game-winning assists. Also in her senior year, she was named to the All-ACC second team and the ACC Women's Soccer All-Academic team. Given a reference text about Megan Reid, American professional soccer player, what college did she attend and how many soccer games did she start in her senior year of college?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Reid attended the University of Virginia and during her senior year she started all 21 games.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Reid attended the University of Virginia, where she made 83 appearances and scored two goals. Her senior year, she started all 21 games, scored a golden goal at No. 2 West Virginia, and had two game-winning assists. Also in her senior year, she was named to the All-ACC second team and the ACC Women's Soccer All-Academic team. Given a reference text about Megan Reid, American professional soccer player, what college did she attend and how many soccer games did she start in her senior year of college? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Jeans are a type of pants or trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term \"jeans\" refers to a particular style of trousers, called \"blue jeans\", with copper-riveted pockets which were invented by Jacob W. Davis in 1871 and patented by Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20, 1873. Prior to the patent, the term \"blue jeans\" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim.\n\n\"Jean\" also references a (historic) type of sturdy cloth commonly made with a cotton warp and wool weft (also known as \"Virginia cloth\"). Jean cloth can be entirely cotton as well, similar to denim. Originally designed for miners, modern jeans were popularized as casual wear by Marlon Brando and James Dean in their 1950s films, particularly The Wild One and Rebel Without a Cause, leading to the fabric becoming a symbol of rebellion among teenagers, especially members of the greaser subculture. From the 1960s onwards, jeans became common among various youth subcultures and subsequently young members of the general population. Nowadays, they are one of the most popular types of specialty trousers in Western culture. Historic brands include Levi's, Lee, and Wrangler. Who invented the Jeans",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jeans are a type of pants or trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term \"jeans\" refers to a particular style of trousers, called \"blue jeans\", with copper-riveted pockets which were invented by Jacob W. Davis in 1871 and patented by Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20, 1873. Prior to the patent, the term \"blue jeans\" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim.\n\n\"Jean\" also references a (historic) type of sturdy cloth commonly made with a cotton warp and wool weft (also known as \"Virginia cloth\"). Jean cloth can be entirely cotton as well, similar to denim. Originally designed for miners, modern jeans were popularized as casual wear by Marlon Brando and James Dean in their 1950s films, particularly The Wild One and Rebel Without a Cause, leading to the fabric becoming a symbol of rebellion among teenagers, especially members of the greaser subculture. From the 1960s onwards, jeans became common among various youth subcultures and subsequently young members of the general population. Nowadays, they are one of the most popular types of specialty trousers in Western culture. Historic brands include Levi's, Lee, and Wrangler.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Jeans are a type of pants or trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term "jeans" refers to a particular style of trousers, called "blue jeans", with copper-riveted pockets which were invented by Jacob W. Davis in 1871 and patented by Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20, 1873. Prior to the patent, the term "blue jeans" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim.
"Jean" also references a (historic) type of sturdy cloth commonly made with a cotton warp and wool weft (also known as "Virginia cloth"). Jean cloth can be entirely cotton as well, similar to denim. Originally designed for miners, modern jeans were popularized as casual wear by Marlon Brando and James Dean in their 1950s films, particularly The Wild One and Rebel Without a Cause, leading to the fabric becoming a symbol of rebellion among teenagers, especially members of the greaser subculture. From the 1960s onwards, jeans became common among various youth subcultures and subsequently young members of the general population. Nowadays, they are one of the most popular types of specialty trousers in Western culture. Historic brands include Levi's, Lee, and Wrangler. Who invented the Jeans |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Why Indians are so beautiful",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indians have many culture and the color of Asian subcontinent skin is makes them looks exceptional. Indian are Vibrant",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why Indians are so beautiful |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Citroen, Chrysler",
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},
{
"content": "Citroen is French, Chrysler is American",
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}
]
| Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Citroen, Chrysler |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some iconic Renaissance period artists?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Renaissance period had a lot of iconic artists. The following are some of the most iconic:\n\n- Donatello (1386-1466). Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance style in sculpture.\n- Sandro Boticelli (1445-1510). His paintings have been seen to represent the linear grace of late Italian Gothic and some Early Renaissance painting, even though they date from the latter half of the Italian Renaissance period.\n- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). He was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.\n- Michelangelo (1475-1564). He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance. \n- Raphael (1483-1520). Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.\n- Caravaggio (1571-1610). Caravaggio was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some iconic Renaissance period artists? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The exact cause of SPD is not known.However, it is known that the midbrain and brainstem regions of the central nervous system are early centers in the processing pathway for multisensory integration; these brain regions are involved in processes including coordination, attention, arousal, and autonomic function. After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. Damage in any part of the brain involved in multisensory processing can cause difficulties in adequately processing stimuli in a functional way. What are the causes for Sensory processing disorder?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The exact cause of Sensory processing disorder is not known. However, it is known that the midbrain and brainstem regions of the central nervous system are early centers in the processing pathway for multisensory integration; these brain regions are involved in processes including coordination, attention, arousal, and autonomic function. After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. Damage in any part of the brain involved in multisensory processing can cause difficulties in adequately processing stimuli in a functional way.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The exact cause of SPD is not known.However, it is known that the midbrain and brainstem regions of the central nervous system are early centers in the processing pathway for multisensory integration; these brain regions are involved in processes including coordination, attention, arousal, and autonomic function. After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. Damage in any part of the brain involved in multisensory processing can cause difficulties in adequately processing stimuli in a functional way. What are the causes for Sensory processing disorder? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who are some of the top goal scorers of all time for Manchester City?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some of the top goal scorers of all time for Manchester City are Sergio Aguero, Eric Brook, Tommy Johnson, Colin Bell, and Joe Hayes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are some of the top goal scorers of all time for Manchester City? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write a short story (under 250 words) about meditation. The narrator should be uncomfortable.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Our guide asks us to close our eyes and softly leads us through a meditation: we’re in a meadow, leaning against an old tree. The trunk supports us as we become one with the earth, anchoring ourselves in place, feeling at peace.\n\nShe gives us a mantra: “I am…” and we fill in the blank and silently repeat the statement in our minds. \n\n“I am human,” I think to myself as I visualize myself becoming one with the tree, growing roots and hardening, knowing I will eventually be chopped down along with the other trees that must have once been in this lonely meadow. \n\nWhen our guide softly brings us back to reality she encourages us to share our “I am” mantras and I panic as the other participants declare: “I am brave.” “I am enough.” “I am still.” \n\nI don’t repeat my mantra. I don’t want to explain why I needed to feel human, how I saw myself transforming into not only the tree, but then a sprite, a creature of the forest.\n\n“I am okay,” I whisper. My declaration is met with universal head nodding.\n\nI feel guilty about changing my mantra for a moment, but reassure myself of my statement’s authenticity: I’m no longer a tree, I’m in a studio with several other people, attempting to let go of my social anxieties, and I am okay.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write a short story (under 250 words) about meditation. The narrator should be uncomfortable. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Thylacoleo, Skipjack Tuna",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Thylacoleo is extinct, Skipjack Tuna is alive.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Thylacoleo, Skipjack Tuna |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is IFSC?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Indian Financial System Code (IFS Code or IFSC) is an alphanumeric code that facilitates electronic funds transfer in India. A code uniquely identifies each bank branch participating in the three main Payment and settlement systems in India: the National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT), Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) and Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) systems.\n\nThe IFSC is an 11-character code with the first four alphabetic characters representing the bank name, and the last six characters (usually numeric, but can be alphabetic) representing the branch. The fifth character is 0 (zero) and reserved for future use. Bank IFS Code is used by the NEFT & RTGS systems to route the messages to the destination banks/branches.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is IFSC? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. Although fluid in the early years of the band, the lineup for most of the band's history has consisted of Harris, lead vocalist Bruce Dickinson, drummer Nicko McBrain, and guitarists Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. The band have released 41 albums, including 17 studio albums, 13 live albums, four EPs and seven compilations. They have also released 47 singles and 20 video albums. Two electronic games have been released with Iron Maiden soundtracks, and the band's music is featured in a number of other video games. Please provide me a summary about Iron Maiden band.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band. The most popular lineup is Steve Harris, Bruce Dickinson, Nicko McBrain, Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. They have released 41 albums, 47 singles, 20 video albums and their music is featured in a number of video games.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. Although fluid in the early years of the band, the lineup for most of the band's history has consisted of Harris, lead vocalist Bruce Dickinson, drummer Nicko McBrain, and guitarists Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers. The band have released 41 albums, including 17 studio albums, 13 live albums, four EPs and seven compilations. They have also released 47 singles and 20 video albums. Two electronic games have been released with Iron Maiden soundtracks, and the band's music is featured in a number of other video games. Please provide me a summary about Iron Maiden band. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of these fruits, apple, strawberry, tomato, orange, cherry, grape; would be a poor choice to end a line in a song lyric with?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "While all the items listed are indeed fruits, the worst fruit to use to end a line in a song lyric is the \"orange\" because it has no rhymes unless you're the exceptional Eminem wom can rhyme any word, including orange.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of these fruits, apple, strawberry, tomato, orange, cherry, grape; would be a poor choice to end a line in a song lyric with? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "List reputable Universities in San Diego",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. San Diego State University \n2. University California San Diego\n3. University of San Diego\n4. San Marcos State University \n5. Point Loma Nazarene University",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List reputable Universities in San Diego |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who was the first person to do spacewalk?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Alexei Leonov, a soviet cosmonaut was the first person to do spacewalk",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who was the first person to do spacewalk? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The term dead man zone was coined by members of the CSIRO research team in Australia who were investigating the spread of bushfires (Project Vesta). The dead man zone is approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) around the fire that is likely to burn. This dead man zone can be a safety net for firefighters if the fire is moving at a high speed. The dead man zone can also be prepared in a way that slows down the fire. Firefighters can get outside the dead man zone safely without seeing what the fire is going to do and develop a plan of attack or defense upon the fire's next move. If the dead man zone is not used, wind change can sneak up on the firefighters and resulting in potentially unsafe distances where they are not able to defend themselves. This can be a life or death situation if not approached properly, and there have been examples of firefighters that became trapped and ultimately killed in Australia. Project Vesta, headed by scientist Phil Cheney, found that when the wind changes direction, the line of fire will move out at its maximum rate of spread almost immediately, and that the spread speed was nearly three times what was previously thought. Project Vesta's research into bushfire behavior makes up the majority of what is known about bushfires today. Given this reference paragraph, who coined the term dead man zone?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The team was created by the Australian CSIRO research team",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The term dead man zone was coined by members of the CSIRO research team in Australia who were investigating the spread of bushfires (Project Vesta). The dead man zone is approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) around the fire that is likely to burn. This dead man zone can be a safety net for firefighters if the fire is moving at a high speed. The dead man zone can also be prepared in a way that slows down the fire. Firefighters can get outside the dead man zone safely without seeing what the fire is going to do and develop a plan of attack or defense upon the fire's next move. If the dead man zone is not used, wind change can sneak up on the firefighters and resulting in potentially unsafe distances where they are not able to defend themselves. This can be a life or death situation if not approached properly, and there have been examples of firefighters that became trapped and ultimately killed in Australia. Project Vesta, headed by scientist Phil Cheney, found that when the wind changes direction, the line of fire will move out at its maximum rate of spread almost immediately, and that the spread speed was nearly three times what was previously thought. Project Vesta's research into bushfire behavior makes up the majority of what is known about bushfires today. Given this reference paragraph, who coined the term dead man zone? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "How should I think about ways to arrange a desk in a home office",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are several ways to arrange a desk in a home office. A few guiding principles (based on the space and how you'll use your desk) can help guide you along the way. \n\n* If you're frequently on camera for video calls you'll want to consider what people will see in your background. Avoid clutter and too much distraction, but also feel free to use that part of the office to express yourself professionally. An interesting painting or a few professional accolades can be a good conversation starters.\n\n* Bright windows can be great for creativity but having these directly behind you when on video calls can give you a whitewashed look that's not ideal. Ideally, a window would be in front of you to not only cast your face in a good light, but also to give you a nice view as you work. If you can't position a window on front of your desk, you could always invest in good artificial lighting (e.g., a ring light) to help with video calls. \n\n* Avoid having positioning your desk so your back is directly in front of the office entrance. If you have line of site to all entrances / exits you'll likely feel more in control while working, which can make you more productive. \n\n* Position your desk so you have easy access to everything you'd need for work. Frequently used reference materials, papers, writing supplies, etc. should all be within arms length so as not to disrupt your \"flow\" while working.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How should I think about ways to arrange a desk in a home office |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Nachum Gutman was born in Teleneşti, Bessarabia Governorate, then a part of the Russian Empire (now in the Republic of Moldova). He was the fourth child of Simha Alter and Rivka Gutman. His father was a Hebrew writer and educator who wrote under the pen name S. Ben Zion. In 1903, the family moved to Odessa, and two years later, to Ottoman Palestine. In 1908, Gutman attended the Herzliya Gymnasium in what would later become Tel Aviv. In 1912, he studied at the Bezalel School in Jerusalem. In 1920–26, he studied art in Vienna, Berlin and Paris.\n\nGutman was married to Dora, with whom he had a son. After Gutman's death in 1980, Dora asked two Tel Aviv gallery owners, Meir Stern of Stern Gallery and Miriam Tawin of Shulamit Gallery, to appraise the value all of the works left in his estate. Extract the locations where Nachum lived from the text below and list them in alphabetical order and separated by a semicolon.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Berlin;Jerusalem;Odessa;Palestine;Paris;Tel Aviv;Vienna",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Nachum Gutman was born in Teleneşti, Bessarabia Governorate, then a part of the Russian Empire (now in the Republic of Moldova). He was the fourth child of Simha Alter and Rivka Gutman. His father was a Hebrew writer and educator who wrote under the pen name S. Ben Zion. In 1903, the family moved to Odessa, and two years later, to Ottoman Palestine. In 1908, Gutman attended the Herzliya Gymnasium in what would later become Tel Aviv. In 1912, he studied at the Bezalel School in Jerusalem. In 1920–26, he studied art in Vienna, Berlin and Paris.
Gutman was married to Dora, with whom he had a son. After Gutman's death in 1980, Dora asked two Tel Aviv gallery owners, Meir Stern of Stern Gallery and Miriam Tawin of Shulamit Gallery, to appraise the value all of the works left in his estate. Extract the locations where Nachum lived from the text below and list them in alphabetical order and separated by a semicolon. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Palaeophis, Giant Tortoise",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Giant Tortoise is alive, Palaeophis is extinct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Palaeophis, Giant Tortoise |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who founded Amazon?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jeff Bezos",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who founded Amazon? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Why do people need sleep?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sleep is necessary for your overall health and well-being. Sleep is even so important not enough sleep can actually kill you. Sleep enables the body engage in processes that help rejuvenate the body through better mental and physical performance. A good night of rest will give you higher energy levels, better mood, clearer thinking and concentration.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why do people need sleep? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Describe a tense scene of a dystopian future where a human in a laboratory is attempting to transform her body into a cyborg.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Quo stands in the center of her laboratory, surrounded by a maze of high-tech machinery and computer screens. The walls are lined with mechanical arms and robotic limbs, each designed to assist her in her work. In the center of the room, a large table holds a variety of instruments and tools, all of which Quo wields with practiced precision. She's plugged into a complex system of wires and cables, her body convulsing as she screams in agony. The air is thick with the sound of machines whirring and gears grinding as Quo works feverishly to transform herself. \n\nIn the background, a large screen displays a series of intricate diagrams and schematics, each one representing a different aspect of her transformation. Despite the pain and suffering, Quo's eyes burn with fierce determination as she pushes herself to the brink of what is possible.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Describe a tense scene of a dystopian future where a human in a laboratory is attempting to transform her body into a cyborg. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: [ʋɪˈɾɑːʈ ˈkoːɦli] (listen); born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and the former captain of the Indian national cricket team who plays as a right-handed batsman for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for the Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. Widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, Kohli holds the records for scoring most runs in T20 internationals and in the IPL. In 2020, the International Cricket Council named him the male cricketer of the decade. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's successes, including winning the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions trophy.\n\nBorn and raised in New Delhi, Kohli trained at the West Delhi Cricket Academy and started his youth career with the Delhi Under-15 team. He made his international debut in 2008 and quickly became a key player in the ODI team and later made his Test debut in 2011. In 2013, Kohli reached the number one spot in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen for the first time. During 2014 T20 World Cup, he set a record for the most runs scored in the tournament. In 2018, he achieved yet another milestone, becoming the world's top-ranked Test batsman, making him the only Indian cricketer to hold the number one spot in all three formats of the game. His form continued in 2019, when he became the first player to score 20,000 international runs in a single decade. In 2021, Kohli made the decision to step down as the captain of the Indian national team for T20Is, following the T20 World Cup and in early 2022 he stepped down as the captain of the Test team as well. From the passage mention the years in which Virat Kohli won a trophy. Display the results in comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2011, 2013",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: [ʋɪˈɾɑːʈ ˈkoːɦli] (listen); born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and the former captain of the Indian national cricket team who plays as a right-handed batsman for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for the Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. Widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, Kohli holds the records for scoring most runs in T20 internationals and in the IPL. In 2020, the International Cricket Council named him the male cricketer of the decade. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's successes, including winning the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions trophy.
Born and raised in New Delhi, Kohli trained at the West Delhi Cricket Academy and started his youth career with the Delhi Under-15 team. He made his international debut in 2008 and quickly became a key player in the ODI team and later made his Test debut in 2011. In 2013, Kohli reached the number one spot in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen for the first time. During 2014 T20 World Cup, he set a record for the most runs scored in the tournament. In 2018, he achieved yet another milestone, becoming the world's top-ranked Test batsman, making him the only Indian cricketer to hold the number one spot in all three formats of the game. His form continued in 2019, when he became the first player to score 20,000 international runs in a single decade. In 2021, Kohli made the decision to step down as the captain of the Indian national team for T20Is, following the T20 World Cup and in early 2022 he stepped down as the captain of the Test team as well. From the passage mention the years in which Virat Kohli won a trophy. Display the results in comma separated format. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "SM U-30[Note 1] was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly. What kind of u-boat was the SM U-30",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "SM U-30 was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| SM U-30[Note 1] was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly. What kind of u-boat was the SM U-30 |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Once, the sages wanted to decide the deity to dedicate a ritual. The sages appointed the sage Bhrigu to select the god. Bhrigu decided to test the gods. He first went to the King of Svarga, Indra, who ignored the sage, and was busy in enjoying the dance of apsaras in heaven. Bhrigu cursed Indra that he would only be referred to as an egoistic soul, all over the universe. He next visited Brahma. Brahma was busy with his four heads in chanting the Vedas, performing meditation, creating the world, and spending his time with his wife, Saraswati. Next, he visited Shiva. Shiva was busy in his Rudradhyanam with his wife, Parvati, at his feet. Bhrigu cursed Shiva that he would be worshipped only in the formless Lingam. At last, Bhrigu went to Vishnu. Vishnu was sleeping on Adishesha, and Lakshmi was at his feet. When Bhrigu arrived, he first saw Vishnu's feet, and felt humiliated. Enraged, he kicked Vishnu on his chest. Awakened, Vishnu started massaging Bhrigu's feet, and served him with great hospitality. Bhrigu was pleased, and ordered the sages to perform the rites to Vishnu. Lakshmi quarreled with Vishnu, as she felt that Bhrigu insulted her indirectly by hitting Vishnu on his chest where she lived, and thus left Vaikuntha.\n\nShe settled on earth in disguise as a young-sage like boy in the ancient city of Karvir, and meditated the name of Vishnu (Regarded by adherents to be the site of the Mahalakshmi temple). Vishnu soon arrived on earth, searching for his consort. He failed to find her, and instead settled on the Seshachalam hills. This happened to be the spot in Tirupati where Varaha had rested and taught Karma Yoga to the people till the beginning of Kali Yuga, after having rescuing Bhudevi from the wicked Hiranyaksha. Vishnu sat inside an anthill in his disguise, which was situated under a tamarind tree, and started chanting the name of his wife, Mahalakshmi.\n\nThe whole earth became gloomy. On the request of Parvati and Saraswati, Shiva and Brahma incarnated as a cow and a calf respectively, in the Chola kingdom. This cow and calf were being grazed daily by a shepherd of Chola kingdom in the Seshachalam hills. Everyday, the cow used to pour her milk into the anthill to lessen the thirst of Vishnu. Due to this, the cow and calf became pale and unhealthy. The shepherd noticed this, and felt that something was awry. The next day, the shepherd took the animals for grazing, and as was the custom, the cow poured milk into the anthill. The shepherd saw this act, and he threw an axe (parasu) on the cow and calf. Vishnu noticed, and in order to protect them, Vishnu arose from the anthill and the axe hit his own forehead (the blood poured as his namam on his head). An enraged Vishnu cursed the shepherd that he would die immediately, and the latter succumbed to the blow of his own axe. This news reached the Chola king. The ruler suspected the absence of the shepherd. He went near the grazing field, and was surprised to see the corpse of the shepherd. He went to the grazing field, where the cows were offering their milk to Vishnu. However, Vishnu was in disguise, and so the king could not identify him. The king strung his arrow, believing that the milk should serve the kingdom rather than the boy he saw. Vishnu, once again, emerged, and grew enormous, stopped the arrows from passing further and he cursed the king for not maintaining the dharma of his kingdom. The king repented and surrendered at the deity's feet. Unlike the shepherd, the king had realised his mistake, which pleased Vishnu, and hence presented him with the boon that he would marry the king's daughter in his next birth.\n\nIn his next birth, Vishnu incarnated as Srinivasa, to a woman named Vakuladevi. It is said that in the Dvapara Yuga, Krishna presented Yashoda with a boon that he would be born to the former in the Kali Yuga. Vakuladevi is regarded as the reincarnation of Yashoda. Meanwhile, the goddess Lakshmi was born at the palace of Akasha Raja, the next birth of the Chola king. Srinivasa was a forest-dweller. One day, he met a beautiful girl named Padmavati, the princess of the Chola dynasty. Padmavati fell in love with Srinivasa , and decided to marry him. According to the boon of Vishnu to the Chola king in their previous births, Srinivasa has to marry Padmavati, princess of Chola dynasty. For the marriage expenses, Srinivasa borrowed riches from Kubera, and promised to repay the loan with interest at the end of the Kali Yuga. From the passage list down the various Gods whom Bhrigu visited. List the results in comma separated format.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indra, Brahma, Saraswati, Shiva, Parvati, Vishnu, Lakshmi",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Once, the sages wanted to decide the deity to dedicate a ritual. The sages appointed the sage Bhrigu to select the god. Bhrigu decided to test the gods. He first went to the King of Svarga, Indra, who ignored the sage, and was busy in enjoying the dance of apsaras in heaven. Bhrigu cursed Indra that he would only be referred to as an egoistic soul, all over the universe. He next visited Brahma. Brahma was busy with his four heads in chanting the Vedas, performing meditation, creating the world, and spending his time with his wife, Saraswati. Next, he visited Shiva. Shiva was busy in his Rudradhyanam with his wife, Parvati, at his feet. Bhrigu cursed Shiva that he would be worshipped only in the formless Lingam. At last, Bhrigu went to Vishnu. Vishnu was sleeping on Adishesha, and Lakshmi was at his feet. When Bhrigu arrived, he first saw Vishnu's feet, and felt humiliated. Enraged, he kicked Vishnu on his chest. Awakened, Vishnu started massaging Bhrigu's feet, and served him with great hospitality. Bhrigu was pleased, and ordered the sages to perform the rites to Vishnu. Lakshmi quarreled with Vishnu, as she felt that Bhrigu insulted her indirectly by hitting Vishnu on his chest where she lived, and thus left Vaikuntha.
She settled on earth in disguise as a young-sage like boy in the ancient city of Karvir, and meditated the name of Vishnu (Regarded by adherents to be the site of the Mahalakshmi temple). Vishnu soon arrived on earth, searching for his consort. He failed to find her, and instead settled on the Seshachalam hills. This happened to be the spot in Tirupati where Varaha had rested and taught Karma Yoga to the people till the beginning of Kali Yuga, after having rescuing Bhudevi from the wicked Hiranyaksha. Vishnu sat inside an anthill in his disguise, which was situated under a tamarind tree, and started chanting the name of his wife, Mahalakshmi.
The whole earth became gloomy. On the request of Parvati and Saraswati, Shiva and Brahma incarnated as a cow and a calf respectively, in the Chola kingdom. This cow and calf were being grazed daily by a shepherd of Chola kingdom in the Seshachalam hills. Everyday, the cow used to pour her milk into the anthill to lessen the thirst of Vishnu. Due to this, the cow and calf became pale and unhealthy. The shepherd noticed this, and felt that something was awry. The next day, the shepherd took the animals for grazing, and as was the custom, the cow poured milk into the anthill. The shepherd saw this act, and he threw an axe (parasu) on the cow and calf. Vishnu noticed, and in order to protect them, Vishnu arose from the anthill and the axe hit his own forehead (the blood poured as his namam on his head). An enraged Vishnu cursed the shepherd that he would die immediately, and the latter succumbed to the blow of his own axe. This news reached the Chola king. The ruler suspected the absence of the shepherd. He went near the grazing field, and was surprised to see the corpse of the shepherd. He went to the grazing field, where the cows were offering their milk to Vishnu. However, Vishnu was in disguise, and so the king could not identify him. The king strung his arrow, believing that the milk should serve the kingdom rather than the boy he saw. Vishnu, once again, emerged, and grew enormous, stopped the arrows from passing further and he cursed the king for not maintaining the dharma of his kingdom. The king repented and surrendered at the deity's feet. Unlike the shepherd, the king had realised his mistake, which pleased Vishnu, and hence presented him with the boon that he would marry the king's daughter in his next birth.
In his next birth, Vishnu incarnated as Srinivasa, to a woman named Vakuladevi. It is said that in the Dvapara Yuga, Krishna presented Yashoda with a boon that he would be born to the former in the Kali Yuga. Vakuladevi is regarded as the reincarnation of Yashoda. Meanwhile, the goddess Lakshmi was born at the palace of Akasha Raja, the next birth of the Chola king. Srinivasa was a forest-dweller. One day, he met a beautiful girl named Padmavati, the princess of the Chola dynasty. Padmavati fell in love with Srinivasa , and decided to marry him. According to the boon of Vishnu to the Chola king in their previous births, Srinivasa has to marry Padmavati, princess of Chola dynasty. For the marriage expenses, Srinivasa borrowed riches from Kubera, and promised to repay the loan with interest at the end of the Kali Yuga. From the passage list down the various Gods whom Bhrigu visited. List the results in comma separated format. |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga developed by Michelle Dortignac in 2006 combining traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance with the use of a hammock. What is Aerial Yoga",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aerial yoga is is the process of hanging from a yoga sling or hammock to practice yoga postures while hanging freely in the air. Stretching is assisted by the force of gravity and the swinging action can be relaxing and distracting for the mind.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga developed by Michelle Dortignac in 2006 combining traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance with the use of a hammock. What is Aerial Yoga |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6) that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 with high affinity. IGFBP-7, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, IGFBP-7 binds IGF1R, which blocks IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding, resulting in apoptosis. \n\nFunction\nIGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986. It has well-documented functions in the circulation, in the extracellular environment, and inside cells. It is the main IGF transport protein in the bloodstream, where it carries the growth factors predominantly in stable complexes that contain the binding protein, either IGF-1 or IGF-2, and a third protein called the acid-labile subunit or ALS. When was IGFBP3 first characterized?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 or IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6) that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 with high affinity. IGFBP-7, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, IGFBP-7 binds IGF1R, which blocks IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding, resulting in apoptosis.
Function
IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986. It has well-documented functions in the circulation, in the extracellular environment, and inside cells. It is the main IGF transport protein in the bloodstream, where it carries the growth factors predominantly in stable complexes that contain the binding protein, either IGF-1 or IGF-2, and a third protein called the acid-labile subunit or ALS. When was IGFBP3 first characterized? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify which teams are in the NHL or NBA: Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Bulls, Chicago Blackhawks",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Detroit Red Wings, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Chicago Blackhawks are NHL teams. The Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Chicago Bulls are NBA teams.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify which teams are in the NHL or NBA: Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Bulls, Chicago Blackhawks |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the difference between open-toed and close-toed shoes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Open-toed shoes refer to footwear that exposes the toes. They can reveal just the toes (think of a show with the toe portion cut out) or the entire foot (e.g., sandals). Closed toe shoes are any shoes that cover the toes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the difference between open-toed and close-toed shoes? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,[d From the passage provided, extract the year Indian National Congress was founded",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indian National Congress was founded in 1885",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,[d From the passage provided, extract the year Indian National Congress was founded |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is a term deposit?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "With a term deposit, you lock away an amount of money for an agreed length of time (the 'term') – that means you can't access the money until the term is up. In return, you'll get a guaranteed rate of interest for the term you select, so you'll know exactly what the return on your money will be.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is a term deposit? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of these colors are primary colors?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Blue, Green, Violet, Orange, Indigo, Turquoise, Red",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which of these colors are primary colors? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm. What is Cup Game?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm. The game can be played by many players seated around a table and is often played in large groups. Each player possesses a cup and in unison the players tap out the defined rhythm using their cups. It can be played competitively, where the rhythm speeds up in each \"round\", and a player making a mistake in the rhythm must drop out of the game, with a new \"round\" starting after each elimination, and game play continuing until only one player remains, with that player being the winner.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm. What is Cup Game? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Name some public companies that have been valued at over 1 trillion dollars.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The following are public companies that have been valued at over 1 trillion dollars:\n- Apple\n- Microsoft\n- Google\n- Amazon",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Name some public companies that have been valued at over 1 trillion dollars. |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Create an itinerary for 3 days in Park City Utah that is good for children and adults. Include hotels, food options, one day of skiing and activities.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ok, here are three days for a family trip to Park city.\n\nDay one:\n\n- Go grocery shopping at Whole Food Market to pick up snacks, and food for lunches.\n- Pick up rental skiing at Christy's for all adults and children whole are skiing.\n- Eat dinner at River Horse Tavern on Main street.\n\nDay two:\n- Go skiing at Park City Resort. Purchase day passes in person or pre-purchase Epic passes online.\n- Stop with the kids at Rocky Mountain Chocolate Company for a treat.\n- Eat dinner at High Saloon on Park Avenue.\n\nDay three:\n- Go to Park City Library which has a kids' section.\n- Shop at galleries, thrift stores, or gift shops on Main Street.\n- Eat dinner at Butcher House Chops and Grill.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Create an itinerary for 3 days in Park City Utah that is good for children and adults. Include hotels, food options, one day of skiing and activities. |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "The village has a population of 1473 of which 728 are males while 745 are females as per Population Census 2011. The number of children with age 0-6 is 174 which makes up 11.81% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Madaria village is 1023 which is higher than Uttar Pradesh state average of 912. What is the male population in Madaria?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The male population in Madaria is 728.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The village has a population of 1473 of which 728 are males while 745 are females as per Population Census 2011. The number of children with age 0-6 is 174 which makes up 11.81% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Madaria village is 1023 which is higher than Uttar Pradesh state average of 912. What is the male population in Madaria? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What was the world’s first high level programming language 1957",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "IBM FORTRAN",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What was the world’s first high level programming language 1957 |
summarization | [
{
"content": "The game is set 200 years after the events of Oblivion, and takes place in Skyrim, the northernmost province of Tamriel. Its main story focuses on the player's character, the Dragonborn, on their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater, a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world. Over the course of the game, the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills. The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time, and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely. What is Skyrim?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Skyrim is a medieval fantasy game based in the fictional world of Tamriel. With it being the fifth game in the Elder Scrolls franchise, it has plenty of lore to draw upon. Like its predecessors, the game is an open world RPG with plenty of quests to do, monsters to kill, items to loot, skills to level and weapons to craft. The map and setting of Skyrim is heavily influenced by Norse mythology. It has become one of the most famous games to be created by Bethesda.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The game is set 200 years after the events of Oblivion, and takes place in Skyrim, the northernmost province of Tamriel. Its main story focuses on the player's character, the Dragonborn, on their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater, a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world. Over the course of the game, the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills. The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time, and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely. What is Skyrim? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who directed the most episodes of season five of Game of Thrones?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No one director had more episodes than any other in season five of Game of Thrones. Of the ten episodes, there were five directors who each directed two episodes: Michael Slovis, Mark Mylod, Jeremy Podeswa, Miguel Sapochnik, and David Nutter.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who directed the most episodes of season five of Game of Thrones? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The Story of June is a Cantopop album by Edmond Leung.\n\nTrack listing:\nLove Blind (戀愛盲)\nElevator Men (電梯男)\nHey June\nDriven To Distraction (失魂落魄)\nDaydream (白日夢)\nRomantic (羅曼蒂克)\nY3\nGet Away with Miriam Yeung (滾)\nThe Aftermath (戰後餘生)\nThe Long Journey (路漫漫) What are the names of the first three songs from Edmond Leung's The Story of June?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Love Blind (戀愛盲)\nElevator Men (電梯男)\nHey June",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| The Story of June is a Cantopop album by Edmond Leung.
Track listing:
Love Blind (戀愛盲)
Elevator Men (電梯男)
Hey June
Driven To Distraction (失魂落魄)
Daydream (白日夢)
Romantic (羅曼蒂克)
Y3
Get Away with Miriam Yeung (滾)
The Aftermath (戰後餘生)
The Long Journey (路漫漫) What are the names of the first three songs from Edmond Leung's The Story of June? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the Foresight discipline?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Foresight is also known as strategic foresight and futures studies. It is an emerging multi-disciplinary practice that analyzes change and its implications in the context of the future. \n\nIt enables societies, organizations, and individuals to effectively explore the breadth of potential future scenarios in order to better adapt in the present. Its purpose is to inform clear thinking, appropriate action, and effective decision making based on the identified trends that will have significant impact on their domain.\n\nSome of the numerous methodologies for decision support that are incorporated in strategic foresight include scenario planning, systems analysis, back-casting, design thinking, trends analysis, horizon scanning, and systems thinking.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the Foresight discipline? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "How do I make Aioli?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "First, blend combine 1 egg plus 1 egg yolk, two grated garlic cloves, juice from half a lemon, a tablespoon of dijon mustard, a small pinch of saffron, a pinch of salt and pinch of ground black pepper.\n\nThen, mix 1/4 cup of olive oil and 1 cup of grapeseed oil together then very slowly stream in the oils whilst continuously whisking hard. If you add the oil in too quickly, it will not emulsify so do it slowly. Once it’s all incorporated, you’ll be rewarded with thick, creamy aioli!\n\nFinally, taste it and if it needs further acid, add a teaspoon of white wine vinegar. \n\nEnjoy!",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do I make Aioli? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What Is The Tesla Model Y’s Charger Type?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Tesla Model Y can charge up to 11 kW with AC charging and 210 kW with DC charging. They have used the standard European connector types ever since November 2018.\n\nTheir AC connector is the Type 2 connector, often called Mennekes, after the German manufacturer that designed them. They are the most used AC connector in the world and can be found at home, work, and some public charging stations, although not all public charging networks supply AC charging. \n\nThe Tesla Model Y uses the CCS connector for DC charging. This is the most popular DC charger globally and can be used mainly at public charging stations in the UK. The Type 2 and CCS connectors are combined into the CCS 2 connector, which you use to charge your Model Y.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What Is The Tesla Model Y’s Charger Type? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "If you were given 1 million dollars in your fidelity account provide a list of which stocks you would buy",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1. Apple\n2. Google\n3. Microsoft \n4. Amazon\n5. NVIDIA \n6. Netflix\n7. PayPal\n8. Disney\n9. Meta\n10. Tesla",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| If you were given 1 million dollars in your fidelity account provide a list of which stocks you would buy |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How do I optimize my Kafka consumption in Spark for low latency?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You can tune the batch size and processing time to ensure that your Spark job can keep up with the data volume and maintain low latency.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How do I optimize my Kafka consumption in Spark for low latency? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "During the 1960s, digital computer music was pioneered, innovation in live electronics took place, and Japanese electronic musical instruments began to influence the music industry. In the early 1970s, Moog synthesizers and drum machines helped popularize synthesized electronic music. The 1970s also saw electronic music begin to have a significant influence on popular music, with the adoption of polyphonic synthesizers, electronic drums, drum machines, and turntables, through the emergence of genres such as disco, krautrock, new wave, synth-pop, hip hop, and EDM. In the early 1980s mass-produced digital synthesizers, such as the Yamaha DX7, became popular, and MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) was developed. In the same decade, with a greater reliance on synthesizers and the adoption of programmable drum machines, electronic popular music came to the fore. During the 1990s, with the proliferation of increasingly affordable music technology, electronic music production became an established part of popular culture. In Berlin starting in 1989, the Love Parade became the largest street party with over 1 million visitors, inspiring other such popular celebrations of electronic music. Can you give me a short summary of the follow paragraph about the history of electronic music?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "With the advent of new electronic instruments in the 60s and 70s, namely synthesizers and drum machines, electronic music quickly gained mainstream popularity through genres like disco and hip hop. As the technology progressed through the 80s and 90s, more affordable instruments led electronic music to be even more widely embraced, cementing its status in pop culture and leading to the rise of large electronic music events around the globe.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| During the 1960s, digital computer music was pioneered, innovation in live electronics took place, and Japanese electronic musical instruments began to influence the music industry. In the early 1970s, Moog synthesizers and drum machines helped popularize synthesized electronic music. The 1970s also saw electronic music begin to have a significant influence on popular music, with the adoption of polyphonic synthesizers, electronic drums, drum machines, and turntables, through the emergence of genres such as disco, krautrock, new wave, synth-pop, hip hop, and EDM. In the early 1980s mass-produced digital synthesizers, such as the Yamaha DX7, became popular, and MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) was developed. In the same decade, with a greater reliance on synthesizers and the adoption of programmable drum machines, electronic popular music came to the fore. During the 1990s, with the proliferation of increasingly affordable music technology, electronic music production became an established part of popular culture. In Berlin starting in 1989, the Love Parade became the largest street party with over 1 million visitors, inspiring other such popular celebrations of electronic music. Can you give me a short summary of the follow paragraph about the history of electronic music? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Who are the top tennis players right now?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The answer to this can change from week to week since the ATP tour (professional tennis tour) is currently happening. As of April 2023, Carlos Alcaraz is the highest ranked men's player in the world, and Iga Swiatek is the highest ranked women's player. However, both of these players are currently experiencing minor injuries and so technically one could argue that there are several other players in the top 10 for both men's and women's who could beat the best players.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who are the top tennis players right now? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "7 factors led to nokia failure",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nokia total dependency only on hardware\nNokia lack of innovation and accept feedback\nNot accepting Android on time and becoming a part of the ecosystem\nRise of the Chinese mobile market as global players\nStephen Elop as the CEO who took a series of bad decision\nIt could not read the new trend and pushed its arrogance on customer trust\nNot incentivising the dealer",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 7 factors led to nokia failure |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "How can listening to music attentively influence you?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You'll likely become a better listener in general - not only in hearing new details in songs but being a better listener during conversations. Listening to music attentively will also make you more present in the moment and enjoy the flow instead of focusing on the future or the past too much.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| How can listening to music attentively influence you? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Can you describe a colour you cannot see?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Colourblind individuals can describe colours based on accounts they have heard from others, so it is certainly possible to describe a colour you cannot see yourself.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Can you describe a colour you cannot see? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Indian cinema is composed of multilingual and multi-ethnic film art. In 2019, Hindi cinema represented 44% of box office revenue, followed by Telugu and Tamil film industries, each representing 13%, Malayalam and Kannada film industries, each representing 5%. Other prominent languages in the Indian film industry include Bengali, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati and Bhojpuri. As of 2022, the combined revenue of South Indian film industries has surpassed that of the Mumbai-based Hindi film industry (Bollywood). As of 2022, Telugu cinema leads Indian cinema's box-office revenue.[details 2] Extract the cinema industry and the percentage box office share occupied by that industry in the format {Industry} - {Percentage} and show as a bullet list. If no percentage specified just list the industry name.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hindi cinema - 44%\nTelugu - 13%\nTamil - 13%\nMalayalam - 5%\nKannada - 5%\nBengali - \nMarathi -\nOdia - \nPunjabi - \nGujarati - \nBhojpuri -",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Indian cinema is composed of multilingual and multi-ethnic film art. In 2019, Hindi cinema represented 44% of box office revenue, followed by Telugu and Tamil film industries, each representing 13%, Malayalam and Kannada film industries, each representing 5%. Other prominent languages in the Indian film industry include Bengali, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati and Bhojpuri. As of 2022, the combined revenue of South Indian film industries has surpassed that of the Mumbai-based Hindi film industry (Bollywood). As of 2022, Telugu cinema leads Indian cinema's box-office revenue.[details 2] Extract the cinema industry and the percentage box office share occupied by that industry in the format {Industry} - {Percentage} and show as a bullet list. If no percentage specified just list the industry name. |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What nationality was Morse inventor of the famous code",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "American",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What nationality was Morse inventor of the famous code |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "Best singer in the World in Hindi",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Asha Bhosle and Kishore Kumar",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Best singer in the World in Hindi |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Write the introduction to a story about a rocket ship on its way to a distant galaxy",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Deep space. It had been so long since they last had a reference point. How long? Was it days? Weeks? Months? The crew didn't know. They longed for a feature, some contact; a planet, even a small asteroid would do. Deep space is a lonely place. \n\nBut the thought of the mission and the uniqueness of their experience kept them going. They had travelled further than any crew before. They had left the solar system and were well on their way to Andromeda. They would be the first, they would be the pioneers who discovered new lands for the human race. \n\nDays continued to pass - or was it weeks again? They started to hear strange sounds from the ship. Was it mechanical issues? Did they have a visitor? Or was it just their minds turning on them?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Write the introduction to a story about a rocket ship on its way to a distant galaxy |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "List a bunch of international marathons",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Boston, LA, New York City, Cleveland, Chicago, Big Sur, Rhode Island",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| List a bunch of international marathons |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Shazam, Thor",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Thor is Marvel, Shazam is DC",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Shazam, Thor |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify each of these car manufacturers as either French, German, American, Japanese, or other: Lexus, Hyundai, Alfa Romeo, VW, Honda, GM, Citroen",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "French: Citroen\nGerman: VW\nAmerican: GM\nJapanese: Lexus, Honda\nother: Hyundai, Alfa Romeo",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Classify each of these car manufacturers as either French, German, American, Japanese, or other: Lexus, Hyundai, Alfa Romeo, VW, Honda, GM, Citroen |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the most popular breed of dog in the US?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Golden Retriever is consistently in the top 3 most popular dog breeds in the US in annual surveys.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the most popular breed of dog in the US? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Give me a list of important things to take on an international trip",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Here's a list of most important things you need on an international trip :\n\n1. Passport and visa : All documents required to get into the destination and get back. Make sure all the documents are valid and are not going to expire within 6 months of your trip.\n2. Money : Ensure that you have the appropriate amount of money you need. Check if the debit/credit cards are going to work seamlessly in your destination country. In some places, it is helpful to carry local currency while others might prefer transactions through mobile apps (Wepay, GPay, etc).\n3. Medications : Ensure that you have enough supply of any prescribed medications. Even the generic medicines might be hard to find in some places.\n4. Clothing : Pack the right kind of clothes, layers, and footwear depending on the destination weather and planned activities.\n5. Internet and Phone connection : Plan to have international roaming enabled on your devices or buy local prepaid phone plans. When using your existing phone plan, validate that it supports the network in your destination country. In some countries, the free wifi access requires a local phone number.\n5. Chargers and adapters : Different countries use different power outlets. Make sure to carry power adapters and chargers for all your devices. While traveling, it is useful to carry a portable charging bank.\n6. Itinerary and reservation details : Carry physical and electronic copies of the travel plans and all reservation details. \n7. Apps and guidebooks : Carry language apps and guidebooks to help you with common phrases and in getting around. Also familiarize yourself with the local customs.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Give me a list of important things to take on an international trip |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What video beat \"Thriller\" for Video of the Year at the first-ever MTV Video Music Awards?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Cars, \"You Might Think\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What video beat "Thriller" for Video of the Year at the first-ever MTV Video Music Awards? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "write a linkedin informal message asking to an existing company employee for tips and guidelines for the specific role in their company. It should not be direct. Also ask about there experience or journey. and how to prepare to crack the exam and interview. It should be short.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Good Evening [Referrer],\nCan you please guide me and share your experience of your Software Engineer Intern Journey at [Company].\nAnd how to prepare for the online tests and technical interviews. Anything specific which can help us to prepare for the same. It will be beneficial to prepare in short span of time.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| write a linkedin informal message asking to an existing company employee for tips and guidelines for the specific role in their company. It should not be direct. Also ask about there experience or journey. and how to prepare to crack the exam and interview. It should be short. |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. Directed by Sam Raimi from a screenplay by David Koepp, it is the first installment in Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, and stars Tobey Maguire as the titular character, alongside Willem Dafoe, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Cliff Robertson, and Rosemary Harris. The film chronicles Spider-Man's origin story and early superhero career. After being bitten by a genetically-altered spider, outcast teenager Peter Parker develops spider-like superhuman abilities and adopts a masked superhero identity to fight crime and injustice in New York City, facing the sinister Green Goblin (Dafoe) in the process.\n\nDevelopment on a live-action Spider-Man film began in the 1980s. Filmmakers Tobe Hooper, James Cameron, and Joseph Zito were all attached to direct the film at one point. However, the project would languish in development hell due to licensing and financial issues. After progress on the film stalled for nearly 25 years, it was licensed for a worldwide release by Columbia Pictures in 1999 after it acquired options from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) on all previous scripts developed by Cannon Films, Carolco, and New Cannon. Exercising its option on just two elements from the multi-script acquisition (a different screenplay was written by James Cameron, Ted Newsom, John Brancato, Barney Cohen, and Joseph Goldman), Sony hired Koepp to create a working screenplay (credited as Cameron's), and Koepp received sole credit in final billing. Directors Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Barry Sonnenfeld, Tim Burton, Michael Bay, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, and David Fincher were considered to direct the project before Raimi was hired as director in 2000. The Koepp script was rewritten by Scott Rosenberg during pre-production and received a dialogue polish from Alvin Sargent during production. Filming took place in Los Angeles and New York City from January to June 2001. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the film's visual effects. Based on the passage, which directors were considered for directing the Spider-Man movie apart from Raimi?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Barry Sonnenfeld, Tim Burton, Michael Bay, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, and David Fincher.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. Directed by Sam Raimi from a screenplay by David Koepp, it is the first installment in Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, and stars Tobey Maguire as the titular character, alongside Willem Dafoe, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Cliff Robertson, and Rosemary Harris. The film chronicles Spider-Man's origin story and early superhero career. After being bitten by a genetically-altered spider, outcast teenager Peter Parker develops spider-like superhuman abilities and adopts a masked superhero identity to fight crime and injustice in New York City, facing the sinister Green Goblin (Dafoe) in the process.
Development on a live-action Spider-Man film began in the 1980s. Filmmakers Tobe Hooper, James Cameron, and Joseph Zito were all attached to direct the film at one point. However, the project would languish in development hell due to licensing and financial issues. After progress on the film stalled for nearly 25 years, it was licensed for a worldwide release by Columbia Pictures in 1999 after it acquired options from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) on all previous scripts developed by Cannon Films, Carolco, and New Cannon. Exercising its option on just two elements from the multi-script acquisition (a different screenplay was written by James Cameron, Ted Newsom, John Brancato, Barney Cohen, and Joseph Goldman), Sony hired Koepp to create a working screenplay (credited as Cameron's), and Koepp received sole credit in final billing. Directors Roland Emmerich, Ang Lee, Chris Columbus, Barry Sonnenfeld, Tim Burton, Michael Bay, Jan de Bont, M. Night Shyamalan, Tony Scott, and David Fincher were considered to direct the project before Raimi was hired as director in 2000. The Koepp script was rewritten by Scott Rosenberg during pre-production and received a dialogue polish from Alvin Sargent during production. Filming took place in Los Angeles and New York City from January to June 2001. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the film's visual effects. Based on the passage, which directors were considered for directing the Spider-Man movie apart from Raimi? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What are ways to calm myself down when I get upset?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you become upset or agitated, a great way to calm down is take a deep breath, like a “dragon breath.” Breathe in as deeply as you can and then breathe out slowly. Repeat this several times. You can also lay on the floor for several minutes. Laying on the floor can be particularly grounding. Another way to relax when you get upset is to go outside and look at the sky or a body of water if you can get to one. Look for a flying bird, or focus on a small flower or piece of grass. A long walk can also help calm you down.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are ways to calm myself down when I get upset? |
classification | [
{
"content": "Who is the largest employer in the world?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces. The DoD is the largest employer in the world, with over 1.34 million active-duty service members (soldiers, marines, sailors, airmen, and guardians) as of June 2022. The DoD also maintains over 778,000 National Guard and reservists, and over 747,000 civilians bringing the total to over 2.87 million employees. Headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C., the DoD's stated mission is to provide \"the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security\".",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Who is the largest employer in the world? |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "What are some different things you should bring with you on a day hiking trip?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You should bring water, a snack, sunscreen, hiking boots, a first aid kit and a cellphone",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are some different things you should bring with you on a day hiking trip? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "Mushulatubbee (Choctaw AmoshuliTabi, \"Determined to Kill\") (born c. 1750–1770, died c. 1838) was the chief of the Choctaw Okla Tannap (\"Lower Towns\"), one of the three major Choctaw divisions during the early 19th century. When the Principal Chief Greenwood LeFlore stayed in Mississippi at the time of removal, Mushulatubbee was elected as principal chief, leading the tribe to Indian Territory.\n\nIn 1812 he had led his warriors to assist General Andrew Jackson in the war against the Creek Red Sticks, known as the Creek Wars.\n\nIn December 1824 Mushulatubbee was one of three principal chiefs leading a Choctaw delegation to Washington to seek help against encroaching European-American settlers. Pushmataha and Apuckshunubbee were the other chiefs; Apuckshunubbee, age 80, died before they reached Washington, and Pushmataha died of smallpox in the capital soon after their meeting with the government.\n\nOn 26 September 1830, together with the Principal Chief Greenwood LeFlore and others, Mushulatubbee signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, which ceded to the US government most of the remaining Choctaw territory in Mississippi and Alabama in exchange for territory in Indian Territory. Other spellings for his name include: Mosholetvbbi, AmoshuliTvbi, Musholatubbee, Moshaleh Tubbee, and Mushulatubba.\n\nMushulatubbee. Given a reference text about Mushulatubbee, when did he sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mushulatubbee signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek on September 26, 1830.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Mushulatubbee (Choctaw AmoshuliTabi, "Determined to Kill") (born c. 1750–1770, died c. 1838) was the chief of the Choctaw Okla Tannap ("Lower Towns"), one of the three major Choctaw divisions during the early 19th century. When the Principal Chief Greenwood LeFlore stayed in Mississippi at the time of removal, Mushulatubbee was elected as principal chief, leading the tribe to Indian Territory.
In 1812 he had led his warriors to assist General Andrew Jackson in the war against the Creek Red Sticks, known as the Creek Wars.
In December 1824 Mushulatubbee was one of three principal chiefs leading a Choctaw delegation to Washington to seek help against encroaching European-American settlers. Pushmataha and Apuckshunubbee were the other chiefs; Apuckshunubbee, age 80, died before they reached Washington, and Pushmataha died of smallpox in the capital soon after their meeting with the government.
On 26 September 1830, together with the Principal Chief Greenwood LeFlore and others, Mushulatubbee signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, which ceded to the US government most of the remaining Choctaw territory in Mississippi and Alabama in exchange for territory in Indian Territory. Other spellings for his name include: Mosholetvbbi, AmoshuliTvbi, Musholatubbee, Moshaleh Tubbee, and Mushulatubba.
Mushulatubbee. Given a reference text about Mushulatubbee, when did he sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek |
brainstorming | [
{
"content": "what are the different ways to set up a stereo music system at home?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are a few parameters / criteria that you will have to think through:\n1. Where will this be located\n2. Would you want to share it with others or have a personal listening session\n3. Would your stereo setup play a dual role as part of your Home Theater system\n4. How large is the space\n6. What is your budget\n\nThere are different components to a music system \n1. Music source - Streaming (e.g. Spotify), CD, LP record player\n2. Digital to Analog converter (DAC)\n3. Preamplifier - Required for volume control and if you have multiple sources\n4. Stereo Amplifier\n5. Speakers or Headphones\n -- Speakers - Can be bookshelf speakers (for small spaces) or floorstanding speakers (for large spaces)\n -- Headphones - Can be open back (great for quiet places and no other people around who may get disturbed) or closed back (noisy environment or other people present). You will also need to think through if you want noise cancellation or not (usage on flights etc will require a closed back headphone with Active Noise Cancellation)",
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| what are the different ways to set up a stereo music system at home? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the wealthiest zip code in the United States?",
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},
{
"content": "Atherton, California",
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| What is the wealthiest zip code in the United States? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the main difference between decoder only transformer and encoder only transformer?",
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{
"content": "The main difference is that the encoder-only transformer looks at the input sequence from both directions, both front and the back, this means they can better understand the relationships between each token in the sequence. On the other hand, the decoder-only transformer only look at one direction of the input, which means they are better suited for autoregressive language tasks such as text generation.",
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| What is the main difference between decoder only transformer and encoder only transformer? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "The 2022 Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022, was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.\nThe season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.\nIn the final one of the new franchises, Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title. Extract one of the franchise introduced in IPL 2022 from the text and who won the title during the previous session.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "The IPL 2022 season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises, and one of them was Gujarat Titans. Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title.\nAlso, Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.",
"role": "assistant"
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| The 2022 Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022, was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.
The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.
In the final one of the new franchises, Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title. Extract one of the franchise introduced in IPL 2022 from the text and who won the title during the previous session. |
classification | [
{
"content": "Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Guinea.\nMamou, Leava, Mata-Utu, Conakry, Guéckédou",
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},
{
"content": "Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava\nGuinea - Conakry, Mamou, Guéckédou",
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| Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Guinea.
Mamou, Leava, Mata-Utu, Conakry, Guéckédou |
classification | [
{
"content": "Which of these are characters in Ted Lasso: Rebecca Welton, Olivia Benson, Jamie Tartt",
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"content": "Rebecca Welton and Jamie Tartt are both characters in the TV show Ted Lasso. Olivia Benson is the main character on the TV Show Law & Order: SVU.",
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| Which of these are characters in Ted Lasso: Rebecca Welton, Olivia Benson, Jamie Tartt |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "A strain can occur as a result of improper body mechanics with any activity (e.g., contact sports, lifting heavy objects) that can induce mechanical trauma or injury. Generally, the muscle or tendon overstretches and is placed under more physical stress than it can withstand. Strains commonly result in a partial or complete tear of a tendon or muscle, or they can be severe in the form of a complete tendon rupture. Strains most commonly occur in the foot, leg, or back. Acute strains are more closely associated with recent mechanical trauma or injury. Chronic strains typically result from repetitive movement of the muscles and tendons over a long period of time.\n\nDegrees of Injury (as classified by the American College of Sports Medicine):\n\nFirst degree (mildest) – little tissue tearing; mild tenderness; pain with full range of motion.\nSecond degree – torn muscle or tendon tissues; painful, limited motion; possibly some swelling or depression at the spot of the injury.\nThird degree (most severe) – limited or no movement; severe acute pain, though sometimes painless straight after the initial injury Given this paragraph about muscle strains and that my symptoms include severe and acute pain with movement limitations, how bad is my strain?",
"role": "user"
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"content": "You likely have a Grade 3 strain, often considered amongst the most severe types",
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| A strain can occur as a result of improper body mechanics with any activity (e.g., contact sports, lifting heavy objects) that can induce mechanical trauma or injury. Generally, the muscle or tendon overstretches and is placed under more physical stress than it can withstand. Strains commonly result in a partial or complete tear of a tendon or muscle, or they can be severe in the form of a complete tendon rupture. Strains most commonly occur in the foot, leg, or back. Acute strains are more closely associated with recent mechanical trauma or injury. Chronic strains typically result from repetitive movement of the muscles and tendons over a long period of time.
Degrees of Injury (as classified by the American College of Sports Medicine):
First degree (mildest) – little tissue tearing; mild tenderness; pain with full range of motion.
Second degree – torn muscle or tendon tissues; painful, limited motion; possibly some swelling or depression at the spot of the injury.
Third degree (most severe) – limited or no movement; severe acute pain, though sometimes painless straight after the initial injury Given this paragraph about muscle strains and that my symptoms include severe and acute pain with movement limitations, how bad is my strain? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Moonlight Madness is the second studio album by singer Teri DeSario, released in 1979 by Casablanca Records and Filmworks (NBLP-7178). It includes the hit single \"Yes, I'm Ready\", a duet with K.C. of KC and the Sunshine Band.\nThe album contains mostly disco music, including \"Dancin' in the Streets\" and \"I'm Ready\". Which artist recorded the album Moonlight Madness?",
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"content": "Singer Teri DeSario recorded Moonlight Madness, tracks on the album are mostly in the disco music category and includes the hit single Yes I’m Ready and Dancin in the Streets. \n\nThe album was first released on sale in 1979 on Casablanca Records and Moonlight Madness was the second studio album recorded by DeSario.",
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| Moonlight Madness is the second studio album by singer Teri DeSario, released in 1979 by Casablanca Records and Filmworks (NBLP-7178). It includes the hit single "Yes, I'm Ready", a duet with K.C. of KC and the Sunshine Band.
The album contains mostly disco music, including "Dancin' in the Streets" and "I'm Ready". Which artist recorded the album Moonlight Madness? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "Did Magic Johnson or Larry Bird win more collegiate and professional basketball championships?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Magic Johnson. Magic Johnson has won 6 total which are the 1979 NCAA Championship (defeated Larry Bird), and NBA Championships in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1988. Larry Bird has only won three NBA Championships and zero collegiate championships.",
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| Did Magic Johnson or Larry Bird win more collegiate and professional basketball championships? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are all the planets and moons round in shape? What makes them round? Does there exist another shape?",
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"content": "Not all planets and moons are round. There is some variety in their shapes depending on their masses, and curiously looking worlds might even exist, unlike anything we know from our system.\n\nEverything within a planet or a moon is under the influence of gravity in such a way that bits of it would move to the center if they could. Under ideal conditions, it would acquire a spherical shape. For objects made of something other than liquids, it varies at what point they become round. It is generally assumed that they mostly become spheres around 400 kilometers/248 miles in diameter when made from icy material commonly found in our Solar System. Still, if something is made from something more rigid, it needs to be larger in diameter than that - around 750 km/466 miles. At a sufficient mass, even rock becomes fluid-like. The moon of Mars Deimos is only 12.6 km/7.8 miles across and is not spherical, and there are many other small moons of other planets that don’t have a round shape.\n\nThis, however, is not all. Astronomical objects spin, giving them the flattened shape of a sphere the faster their rotation if they are massive enough. On top of it, they can have moons. This causes a bulge to form at the position of their orbiting body around them. In the case of Earth, our Moon causes tides via this process. Also, our Sun gives our planet tides. Elsewhere in the Universe, there could be planets with massive moons or two similarly massive planets, called double planets, orbiting their common center of mass, the barycenter, at a close distance, which can cause even stronger bulging. Their shape would be affected this way more visibly.\n\nFinally, a bizarre, toroidal planet, shown above, can be stable from what we know from physics, at least for a while. As I mentioned earlier, even rigid rock behaves like a fluid at large masses. An adequate rotation speed can counterbalance the strength of gravity with centrifugal acceleration, and a torus-shaped planet could exist. A possible scenario for such a world to come to be would be if two sufficiently fast rotating planets collided and formed a doughnut of vaporized rock, a so-called synestia.\n\nWe currently think that the events that would lead to the formation of a world of this shape are so unlikely that there might not be a single toroidal planet in the Visible Universe, but we were quite a few times surprised by what we discovered during our exploration of Cosmos. Perhaps we will even find a doughnut shape world one day.",
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| Why are all the planets and moons round in shape? What makes them round? Does there exist another shape? |
summarization | [
{
"content": "Career\nAmateur years\nAs an amateur, Liang's major feats were as follows:\n\n2003 IBSF World Snooker Championship, men's division, quarter-finalist\n2004 IBSF World Snooker Championship, under-21 division, semi-finalist\n2005 International Open Series, under-21 division, no. 4 runner-up\nLiang built on the positive start to his snooker career, winning an individual silver medal and a team gold medal at the 2006 Asian Games.\n\n2004/2005\nLiang began his professional career during the 2004–05 snooker season playing on the Challenge Tour, which is the tier below the World Snooker Association Main Tour. He finished a mediocre 104th out of 168 competitors, having only accumulated 2150 points.\n\n2005/2006\nLiang received a wildcard nomination to the Main Tour despite not qualifying directly; this was because he won the 2005 IBSF World Under-21 Championship, and also because not all of the players that were eligible for the Main Tour took their places. In his first ranking tournament, the Grand Prix, he lost in the first qualifying round to Rory McLeod 2–5. He fared better in the next ranking event, the UK Championship, where he almost whitewashed Alfred Burden in the first qualifying round 9–1, but subsequently lost in the second qualifying round to Marcus Campbell by the narrowest of margins, 8–9.\n\nLiang qualified for his first ranking event at the Welsh Open, beating Sean Storey, Jamie Burnett and Rory McLeod to reach the main draw. He defeated Nigel Bond in the first round 5–0, but his run was halted when he lost to Graeme Dott 3–5.\n\nAt the Malta Cup, however, he lost in the first qualifying round to Paul Davies 3–5. At the China Open, he beat David McDonnell and Matthew Couch before losing against Adrian Gunnell 3–5 in the third qualifying round. He ended the season falling at the first hurdle at the World Championship, losing to Joe Delaney 5–10 in the first qualifying round. Liang ended his debut season on the professional tour ranked 78th, a position that would not guarantee a place in the following season's tour; however, he had finished inside the top 8 of the one year ranking list, which qualified him for a place on the main tour for the next season.\n\n2006/2007\nDuring the 2006–07 season, Liang reached at least the second round of qualifying in every ranking event. At the Northern Ireland Trophy, he beat Robert Stephen 5–0 before falling to David Gilbert 0–5 in qualifying. However, at the Grand Prix, Liang came top of his qualifying group, above more experienced players such as Gerard Greene and Barry Pinches. He finished fourth in his group at the round-robin stage, and although he did not progress to the next round, he did beat former world champion and world number one Stephen Hendry 3–0. At the UK Championship, he lost in the second round of qualifying to Jamie Burnett 7–9. In the following ranking event, the Malta Cup, he lost to Joe Jogia 3–5, again in the second round of qualifying. He qualified for the Welsh Open, his third ranking tournament, by beating Dene O'Kane, Joe Jogia and Mark Davis. He met Nigel Bond again in the last 48, this time losing only 3–5.\n\nAt the China Open, he continued his run of reaching the second round of qualifying in every ranking tournament, and beat Robert Stephen before losing to Finland's Robin Hull. At the World Championship, he beat Jeff Cundy before losing to Mike Dunn. After a modest season, he improved on his tour ranking by finishing in 66th place, just outside the top 64; and he topped the one year ranking list to ensure his place on the WSA Tour for next season.\n\n2007/2008\nLiang started the season by almost qualifying for the Shanghai Masters, however Nigel Bond beat him 5–3 in the last qualifying round, preventing him from appearing at his home tournament. At the Grand Prix, he could not repeat the success of last season and failed to qualify, finishing third on frame difference. He had more luck at the next tournament, the Northern Ireland Trophy, where he won through the qualifying rounds, beating Fraser Patrick, Joe Delaney and Rory McLeod on the way. He faced Gerard Greene in the last 48, but lost 2–5. He had less success at the UK Championship, losing in the second qualifying round to David Roe 2–9. He also failed to qualify for the Welsh Open, when he was dispatched in the last qualifying round by Andrew Norman 2–5. He fell at the first hurdle at his other home tournament, the China Open, losing in the first qualifying round to Steve Mifsud, who at the end of this season was ranked 54 places below Liang.\n\nAt the World Championship, Liang was the third Chinese player to qualify for the main draw, defeating Ben Woollaston, Rod Lawler, David Gilbert and Ian McCulloch in the qualifying rounds. He met Ken Doherty in the first round of the championship, and defeated him 10–5. Before the start of this match, he accidentally entered the arena at the same time as the match officials and had to hurry back; he subsequently received a warm ovation when he entered the arena for a second time after being introduced by MC Rob Walker. For every session thereafter, Walker introduced him as \"Should he stay or should he go... Liang Wenbo\", despite the rhyme occurring due to a mispronunciation of his name (\"bo\" is pronounced \"bwor\" in Chinese).\n\nLiang faced Northern Ireland's Joe Swail in the last 16 of the tournament. In a humorous incident, Liang fluked a red after scattering the balls, but failed to notice and went back to his seat. To the amusement of the spectators, Swail pointed out the mistake and the referee called Liang back to the table. In the 23rd frame, with a 12–10 lead, Liang prematurely celebrated winning the match after potting \"match ball\", only to then lose the frame due to a snooker; Swail came back to level the match at 12–12. In the final frame, Liang made early breaks of 34 and 30. He missed the final yellow but snookered Swail, leaving the cue ball in the jaws of the pocket. Liang followed up with a safety shot but Swail snookered him behind the blue; Liang failed to hit the yellow ball so Swail had the white replaced. In his second attempt, Liang hit the yellow directly and went on to win the frame 74–34, and thus the match, 13–12.\n\nThe incident in the last frame proved controversial as the referee replaced the cue ball in the wrong position, giving Liang a better sight of the yellow. At the time, Swail nodded his assent to the referee, but he complained in a post-match interview that Liang had behaved unprofessionally by not pointing out the referee's error. Commentators countered that Swail should have queried the placement of the ball before Liang took his shot, and that, given the tension of the situation, Liang could be forgiven for not thinking clearly.\n\nLiang faced eventual champion Ronnie O'Sullivan in the quarter-final, taking the first two frames with a break of 80 in the first, but O'Sullivan had levelled the match 4–4 by the end of the first session. O'Sullivan eased ahead in the second session and eventually won the match 13–7. Liang's run to the quarter-finals of the World Championship gained him 5000 ranking points, boosting his final ranking to number 40 in the world. This guaranteed that he would only have to win two qualifying matches to enter the main draw of the ranking tournaments the following season.\n\n2008/2009\nLiang began the new season by qualifying for the last 48 of the Northern Ireland Trophy. He then beat Steve Davis and Peter Ebdon to reach the last 16, where he lost to John Higgins 1–5. This result lifted him to a provisional career high of 26 in the world. He reached the main draw of the Grand Prix by winning two qualifying matches, but then succumbed to Ronnie O'Sullivan in the first round of the main draw. He then made a 147 and three other centuries (including two total clearances of 139) in a 5–1 victory over Martin Gould in the third qualifying round of the Bahrain Championship. However, he failed to qualify for the main draw, losing 2–5 to Michael Judge.\n\nFor the two Chinese events on this season's tour, Liang's two qualifying matches were held over until the venue stages. At the 2008 Shanghai Masters, he defeated Atthasit Mahitthi and Mark Allen to reach the main draw, but lost to Ryan Day 0–5 in the first round. Ironically, his second qualifying match for the Welsh Open was held over to ensure that his Welsh opponent Dominic Dale played at the main venue in Newport.\n\nLiang ended the season at the World Championship, after defeating Dave Harold 10–3 in the last qualifying round. He lost in the first round of the main draw 8–10 against Ding Junhui.\n\n2009/2010\nIn July 2009, Liang won his first professional title, the Beijing International Challenge, beating world number 2 Stephen Maguire 7–6 in the final. He made a further breakthrough in August when he reached the final of the Shanghai Masters, becoming only the second Chinese player, and the fourth Asian man, to reach a ranking final. He ultimately finished runner-up to Ronnie O'Sullivan.\n\nLiang qualified for the Grand Prix but was defeated 2–5 by Peter Ebdon in the first round, winning the first two frames and losing the last five in succession. Prior to this meeting, he had played Ebdon twice, winning 5–1 and 5–0. He reached the quarter-finals of the UK Championship after defeating Ryan Day 9–3, and Mark King 9–2. He went on to lose 2–9 to John Higgins in the quarter-finals. He failed to qualify for the Welsh Open and the China Open, as he lost 3–5 against Michael Judge and 2–5 against Andrew Higginson respectively.\n\nLiang qualified for the World Championships by defeating Rod Lawler 10–2. He was drawn against Ronnie O'Sullivan, but lost 7–10. After the quarter-finals of the event, it was clear that Liang would be ranked as number 16 the following season, the only new player entering the top 16 that season.\n\n2010/2011\nLiang began the season at the Wuxi Classic, where he lost in the first round 2–5 against Marco Fu. He participated at the Beijing International Challenge to defend his first professional title, but lost in the semi-finals 4–6 against eventual winner Tian Pengfei. Liang failed to qualify for the World Open, as he lost 1–3 against Andrew Higginson and lost his first round match at the Shanghai Masters 3–5 against Matthew Stevens. Having started the season inside the top 16, his results were not sufficient to maintain that position and he slipped out of the top 16. After this, he lost his qualifying matches in the five ranking tournaments.\n\nLiang also participated at the Players Tour Championship, his best performance coming at the third European event, where he reached the final, but lost 0–4 against Marcus Campbell. After 12 out of 12 events, he was ranked 14th in the Players Tour Championship Order of Merit. He lost his first round match at the Finals 1–4 against Ricky Walden.\n\n2011/2012\nLiang and Ding Junhui represented China at the World Cup and they won in the final 4–2 against the Northern Ireland team. During his match against Matthew Stevens in the first round of Australian Goldfields Open, Liang had a chance to make his second maximum break in his career, but he snookered himself on the yellow ball, and the break ended at 120. He won the match 5–4 to reach the second round, where he lost 4–5 against Ken Doherty. He also qualified for the Shanghai Masters, but lost in the first round 1–5 against Neil Robertson. After this, he was unable to qualify for the next two ranking events, as he lost 2–6 against Michael White at the UK Championship, and 3–5 against Liu Chuang at the German Masters.\n\nIn December 2011, Liang joined Romford-based snooker Academy and management team Grove Leisure. He beat David Gilbert and Rory McLeod, both 4–1, to reach the first round of the Welsh Open, where he faced John Higgins and was this time on the wrong end of a 4–1 scoreline. He narrowly missed out on a place in the World Open as he was defeated 4–5 by Mark King in the final round of qualifying. He also lost in qualifying for the China Open to the eventual winner of the event Peter Ebdon 0–5.\n\nLiang played in eleven of the twelve minor-ranking PTC events throughout the season, with a best finish in Event 10, where he lost in the quarter-finals to Dominic Dale. He also reached the last 16 in two other events to finish 38th in the PTC Order of Merit, outside of the top 24 who qualified for the Finals.\n\nHe qualified for the World Championship by defeating Marcus Campbell 10–9. He had led the match 8–2 and 9–5 before Campbell took it to 9–9, at which point the match was suspended to allow players on the other tables to begin their sessions. Liang subsequently won the decider with a 72 break and played defending champion Higgins again in the first round. He was involved in another final-frame decider, but was this time on the losing end as he bowed out of the tournament on the opening day, 9–10. He finished the season ranked world number 37.\n\n2012/2013\nLiang lost in qualifying for both the Wuxi Classic and the Shanghai Masters to Rod Lawler. He reached the venue stage of the Australian Goldfields Open by beating Thanawat Thirapongpaiboon, but lost 3–5 in the first round against Matthew Stevens. Liang beat Anthony McGill and Andrew Higginson to qualify for the UK Championship, where he saw a 4–3 lead in the first round against Barry Hawkins turn into a 4–6 defeat. Liang failed to qualify for the next two events, but won two matches to enter the main draw of both the Welsh Open and the China Open. In Wales he lost 2–4 to local favourite Stevens in the first round, and in his homeland of China he beat Lu Ning 5–1 in the wildcard round, before losing 3–5 to Stuart Bingham in the first round. Liang had a very consistent season in the Players Tour Championship series as he advanced to, but not past, the last 16 in five of the ten events. This saw him placed 27th on the PTC Order of Merit, one spot short of making the Finals. Liang's season ended when he was beaten 6–10 by Mark Davis in the final round of World Championship Qualifying. His end of year ranking was world number 32.\n\n2013/2014\n\nLiang Wenbo at the 2014 German Masters\nIn July 2013, Liang reached the final of the World Games but lost in the gold medal match 0–3 to Aditya Mehta. He had an excellent season in the Asian Tour events by reaching the semi-finals of the Zhangjiagang Open where he was defeated 1–4 by Michael Holt and at the Zhengzhou Open, where Liang won his first individual title on the World Snooker Tour. He beat Anthony McGill 4–3 in the semi-finals before whitewashing Lü Haotian 4–0 to claim the £10,000 first prize. In the full ranking events, Liang won five successive frames against defending world champion Ronnie O'Sullivan in the second round of the International Championship to triumph 6–4 which marked his first ever success over his opponent having lost in all four previous attempts. He then thrashed Mark Davis 6–1 to reach the quarter-finals of a ranking event for the first time in four years, where he lost 3–6 against Graeme Dott. Liang reached the last 16 of both the German Masters and Welsh Open, losing 2–5 to Mark Davis and 2–4 to Barry Hawkins respectively. A second final on the Asian Tour followed at the Dongguan Open where Stuart Bingham made four breaks above 50 to defeat him 4–1, but Liang still topped the Order of Merit to qualify for the Finals. There, he was beaten 2–4 by Yu Delu and Liang was defeated 7–10 by Martin Gould in the final round of World Championship qualifying.\n\n2014/2015\nLiang overcame Jamie Burnett 5–1 in the first round of the 2014 Wuxi Classic, and then inflicted the first defeat on Mark Selby since he won the World Championship, beating him 5–3. In the last 16, Liang was knocked out 2–5 by Joe Perry. He lost 3–5 against Robert Milkins in the opening round of the Australian Goldfields Open, and in the wildcard round of the Shanghai Masters 1–5 to Yan Bingtao. He failed to get past the last 64 of the next two ranking events, but won two matches to reach the German Masters, where he eliminated Li Hang 5–1 in the first round. He reached the quarter-finals by coming back from 3–4 down against Stuart Bingham to win 5–4 on the final pink. He repeated this form when he edged Ryan Day 5–4 to play in his second career ranking event semi-final, where he took four frames in a row to hold a narrow 4–3 advantage over Shaun Murphy, before losing three successive frames in a 4–6 defeat. Liang did not drop a single frame in seeing off Cao Xinlong and Gerard Greene at the Welsh Open, but was then the victim of a whitewash by John Higgins in the third round. At the inaugural World Grand Prix, he lost 3–4 to Graeme Dott in the second round. In the final round of World Championship qualifying, he lost the last three frames against compatriot Zhang Anda to be narrowly defeated 9–10.\n\n2015/2016\nLiang was heavily beaten 2–8 by Thepchaiya Un-Nooh in the final of the 2015 Six-red World Championship. In the third round of the UK Championship, he took advantage of a collapse from Judd Trump to win 6–4 after trailing 1–4. He then saw off Tom Ford 6–5, after which Ford accused Liang of \"boring him off the table\" with slow play. Liang responded by opening his quarter-final match against Marco Fu with three centuries and hung on to edge it 6–5, then came from 2–4 behind to reach the final by beating David Grace 6–4. It was the first final in the history of the event to feature two players from outside the United Kingdom; Liang lost the match 5–10 to eventual UK champion Neil Robertson. A week later, he progressed to the semi-finals of the Gibraltar Open, but was whitewashed 0–4 by Fu.\n\nLiang's UK final helped him break back into the top 16 in the world rankings to make his debut at the Masters, where he was knocked out 4–6 by John Higgins in the opening round. He was whitewashed 0–4 by Shaun Murphy in the quarter-finals of the World Grand Prix. After winning three matches to qualify for the World Championship, Liang lost 8–10 to Judd Trump after an earlier 7–3 lead.\n\n2016/2017\nIn the first round of the Shanghai Masters, Liang was narrowly beaten 4–5 by Ronnie O'Sullivan. He won five matches at the English Open, which included a 4–3 second round victory over Shaun Murphy, to reach the semi-finals. From 3–4 down, Liang made breaks of 134 and 138 and Stuart Bingham made a 116 to lock the score at 5–5. Liang took the decider and then ended Judd Trump's 14-match winning streak in the final to win his maiden ranking title 9–6. He became the second player from mainland China to win a ranking event and thanked O'Sullivan (with whom he practises daily) for his help. The win also gave him entry to his first Champion of Champions where he lost 0–4 in the opening round to Mark Selby.\n\nIn the Scottish Open, Liang reached the quarter-finals, where he lost to Yu Delu 4–5. In the Masters, he missed the final black, which would have seen him eliminate O'Sullivan 6–4 in the opening round of the Masters, instead going on to lose 5–6. A 4–0 thrashing of Dominic Dale and a pair of 4–3 victories over Mark Allen and Joe Perry moved Liang into the semi-finals of the World Grand Prix, where he was defeated 1–6 by Barry Hawkins. In the second round of the World Championship, Liang trailed Ding Junhui 2–6 after the first session and 7–9 after the second. He then won a trio of frames to take the lead in the match for the first time and would have been 12–11 ahead, one frame away from reaching the quarter-finals for the second time, but instead lost 12–13. After the event, his end-of-season ranking rose to 11, which was a career-high.\n\n2017/2018\nThough Liang had a decent campaign this season, he was unable to reach the same height as previous season. In his first round match against Ronnie O'Sullivan at the Masters. In a best -of-11 match, Liang led 5-4 up and only needed the final black in the 10th frame to guarantee his place in the quarter final; however, he missed the relatively easy black, and subsequently lost the frame and eventually the match. In his match against Rod Lawler in the World Championship Qualifying round, Liang made a 147 in the 10th frame, the third 147 in his career. But interestingly, he also had a chance to make another 147 in the 12th frame, but he missed the tricky final black.\n\n2018/2019\nLiang had a somewhat of a down season in the 2018/19 campaign. His best results came in the European Masters, China Open, and China Championship, in which he advanced to the third round. Liang only earned a total of 78,500 ranking points, which was 141,100 points shy from his best season in 2016/2017.\n\n2019/2020\nThis season Liang saw some improvement in this form. His best result came in the UK Championship, in which he defeated Dominic Dale, David Grace, Eden Sharav, and Li Hang, before losing to the eventual champion Ding Junhui in the quarter final. Liang also reached the quarter final of the Gibraltar Open, losing 4–1 to Judd Trump. What professional tournaments did Liang win during his career?",
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"content": "In July 2009, Liang won his first professional title, the Beijing International Challenge. Liang also won the 2016 English Open.",
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| Career
Amateur years
As an amateur, Liang's major feats were as follows:
2003 IBSF World Snooker Championship, men's division, quarter-finalist
2004 IBSF World Snooker Championship, under-21 division, semi-finalist
2005 International Open Series, under-21 division, no. 4 runner-up
Liang built on the positive start to his snooker career, winning an individual silver medal and a team gold medal at the 2006 Asian Games.
2004/2005
Liang began his professional career during the 2004–05 snooker season playing on the Challenge Tour, which is the tier below the World Snooker Association Main Tour. He finished a mediocre 104th out of 168 competitors, having only accumulated 2150 points.
2005/2006
Liang received a wildcard nomination to the Main Tour despite not qualifying directly; this was because he won the 2005 IBSF World Under-21 Championship, and also because not all of the players that were eligible for the Main Tour took their places. In his first ranking tournament, the Grand Prix, he lost in the first qualifying round to Rory McLeod 2–5. He fared better in the next ranking event, the UK Championship, where he almost whitewashed Alfred Burden in the first qualifying round 9–1, but subsequently lost in the second qualifying round to Marcus Campbell by the narrowest of margins, 8–9.
Liang qualified for his first ranking event at the Welsh Open, beating Sean Storey, Jamie Burnett and Rory McLeod to reach the main draw. He defeated Nigel Bond in the first round 5–0, but his run was halted when he lost to Graeme Dott 3–5.
At the Malta Cup, however, he lost in the first qualifying round to Paul Davies 3–5. At the China Open, he beat David McDonnell and Matthew Couch before losing against Adrian Gunnell 3–5 in the third qualifying round. He ended the season falling at the first hurdle at the World Championship, losing to Joe Delaney 5–10 in the first qualifying round. Liang ended his debut season on the professional tour ranked 78th, a position that would not guarantee a place in the following season's tour; however, he had finished inside the top 8 of the one year ranking list, which qualified him for a place on the main tour for the next season.
2006/2007
During the 2006–07 season, Liang reached at least the second round of qualifying in every ranking event. At the Northern Ireland Trophy, he beat Robert Stephen 5–0 before falling to David Gilbert 0–5 in qualifying. However, at the Grand Prix, Liang came top of his qualifying group, above more experienced players such as Gerard Greene and Barry Pinches. He finished fourth in his group at the round-robin stage, and although he did not progress to the next round, he did beat former world champion and world number one Stephen Hendry 3–0. At the UK Championship, he lost in the second round of qualifying to Jamie Burnett 7–9. In the following ranking event, the Malta Cup, he lost to Joe Jogia 3–5, again in the second round of qualifying. He qualified for the Welsh Open, his third ranking tournament, by beating Dene O'Kane, Joe Jogia and Mark Davis. He met Nigel Bond again in the last 48, this time losing only 3–5.
At the China Open, he continued his run of reaching the second round of qualifying in every ranking tournament, and beat Robert Stephen before losing to Finland's Robin Hull. At the World Championship, he beat Jeff Cundy before losing to Mike Dunn. After a modest season, he improved on his tour ranking by finishing in 66th place, just outside the top 64; and he topped the one year ranking list to ensure his place on the WSA Tour for next season.
2007/2008
Liang started the season by almost qualifying for the Shanghai Masters, however Nigel Bond beat him 5–3 in the last qualifying round, preventing him from appearing at his home tournament. At the Grand Prix, he could not repeat the success of last season and failed to qualify, finishing third on frame difference. He had more luck at the next tournament, the Northern Ireland Trophy, where he won through the qualifying rounds, beating Fraser Patrick, Joe Delaney and Rory McLeod on the way. He faced Gerard Greene in the last 48, but lost 2–5. He had less success at the UK Championship, losing in the second qualifying round to David Roe 2–9. He also failed to qualify for the Welsh Open, when he was dispatched in the last qualifying round by Andrew Norman 2–5. He fell at the first hurdle at his other home tournament, the China Open, losing in the first qualifying round to Steve Mifsud, who at the end of this season was ranked 54 places below Liang.
At the World Championship, Liang was the third Chinese player to qualify for the main draw, defeating Ben Woollaston, Rod Lawler, David Gilbert and Ian McCulloch in the qualifying rounds. He met Ken Doherty in the first round of the championship, and defeated him 10–5. Before the start of this match, he accidentally entered the arena at the same time as the match officials and had to hurry back; he subsequently received a warm ovation when he entered the arena for a second time after being introduced by MC Rob Walker. For every session thereafter, Walker introduced him as "Should he stay or should he go... Liang Wenbo", despite the rhyme occurring due to a mispronunciation of his name ("bo" is pronounced "bwor" in Chinese).
Liang faced Northern Ireland's Joe Swail in the last 16 of the tournament. In a humorous incident, Liang fluked a red after scattering the balls, but failed to notice and went back to his seat. To the amusement of the spectators, Swail pointed out the mistake and the referee called Liang back to the table. In the 23rd frame, with a 12–10 lead, Liang prematurely celebrated winning the match after potting "match ball", only to then lose the frame due to a snooker; Swail came back to level the match at 12–12. In the final frame, Liang made early breaks of 34 and 30. He missed the final yellow but snookered Swail, leaving the cue ball in the jaws of the pocket. Liang followed up with a safety shot but Swail snookered him behind the blue; Liang failed to hit the yellow ball so Swail had the white replaced. In his second attempt, Liang hit the yellow directly and went on to win the frame 74–34, and thus the match, 13–12.
The incident in the last frame proved controversial as the referee replaced the cue ball in the wrong position, giving Liang a better sight of the yellow. At the time, Swail nodded his assent to the referee, but he complained in a post-match interview that Liang had behaved unprofessionally by not pointing out the referee's error. Commentators countered that Swail should have queried the placement of the ball before Liang took his shot, and that, given the tension of the situation, Liang could be forgiven for not thinking clearly.
Liang faced eventual champion Ronnie O'Sullivan in the quarter-final, taking the first two frames with a break of 80 in the first, but O'Sullivan had levelled the match 4–4 by the end of the first session. O'Sullivan eased ahead in the second session and eventually won the match 13–7. Liang's run to the quarter-finals of the World Championship gained him 5000 ranking points, boosting his final ranking to number 40 in the world. This guaranteed that he would only have to win two qualifying matches to enter the main draw of the ranking tournaments the following season.
2008/2009
Liang began the new season by qualifying for the last 48 of the Northern Ireland Trophy. He then beat Steve Davis and Peter Ebdon to reach the last 16, where he lost to John Higgins 1–5. This result lifted him to a provisional career high of 26 in the world. He reached the main draw of the Grand Prix by winning two qualifying matches, but then succumbed to Ronnie O'Sullivan in the first round of the main draw. He then made a 147 and three other centuries (including two total clearances of 139) in a 5–1 victory over Martin Gould in the third qualifying round of the Bahrain Championship. However, he failed to qualify for the main draw, losing 2–5 to Michael Judge.
For the two Chinese events on this season's tour, Liang's two qualifying matches were held over until the venue stages. At the 2008 Shanghai Masters, he defeated Atthasit Mahitthi and Mark Allen to reach the main draw, but lost to Ryan Day 0–5 in the first round. Ironically, his second qualifying match for the Welsh Open was held over to ensure that his Welsh opponent Dominic Dale played at the main venue in Newport.
Liang ended the season at the World Championship, after defeating Dave Harold 10–3 in the last qualifying round. He lost in the first round of the main draw 8–10 against Ding Junhui.
2009/2010
In July 2009, Liang won his first professional title, the Beijing International Challenge, beating world number 2 Stephen Maguire 7–6 in the final. He made a further breakthrough in August when he reached the final of the Shanghai Masters, becoming only the second Chinese player, and the fourth Asian man, to reach a ranking final. He ultimately finished runner-up to Ronnie O'Sullivan.
Liang qualified for the Grand Prix but was defeated 2–5 by Peter Ebdon in the first round, winning the first two frames and losing the last five in succession. Prior to this meeting, he had played Ebdon twice, winning 5–1 and 5–0. He reached the quarter-finals of the UK Championship after defeating Ryan Day 9–3, and Mark King 9–2. He went on to lose 2–9 to John Higgins in the quarter-finals. He failed to qualify for the Welsh Open and the China Open, as he lost 3–5 against Michael Judge and 2–5 against Andrew Higginson respectively.
Liang qualified for the World Championships by defeating Rod Lawler 10–2. He was drawn against Ronnie O'Sullivan, but lost 7–10. After the quarter-finals of the event, it was clear that Liang would be ranked as number 16 the following season, the only new player entering the top 16 that season.
2010/2011
Liang began the season at the Wuxi Classic, where he lost in the first round 2–5 against Marco Fu. He participated at the Beijing International Challenge to defend his first professional title, but lost in the semi-finals 4–6 against eventual winner Tian Pengfei. Liang failed to qualify for the World Open, as he lost 1–3 against Andrew Higginson and lost his first round match at the Shanghai Masters 3–5 against Matthew Stevens. Having started the season inside the top 16, his results were not sufficient to maintain that position and he slipped out of the top 16. After this, he lost his qualifying matches in the five ranking tournaments.
Liang also participated at the Players Tour Championship, his best performance coming at the third European event, where he reached the final, but lost 0–4 against Marcus Campbell. After 12 out of 12 events, he was ranked 14th in the Players Tour Championship Order of Merit. He lost his first round match at the Finals 1–4 against Ricky Walden.
2011/2012
Liang and Ding Junhui represented China at the World Cup and they won in the final 4–2 against the Northern Ireland team. During his match against Matthew Stevens in the first round of Australian Goldfields Open, Liang had a chance to make his second maximum break in his career, but he snookered himself on the yellow ball, and the break ended at 120. He won the match 5–4 to reach the second round, where he lost 4–5 against Ken Doherty. He also qualified for the Shanghai Masters, but lost in the first round 1–5 against Neil Robertson. After this, he was unable to qualify for the next two ranking events, as he lost 2–6 against Michael White at the UK Championship, and 3–5 against Liu Chuang at the German Masters.
In December 2011, Liang joined Romford-based snooker Academy and management team Grove Leisure. He beat David Gilbert and Rory McLeod, both 4–1, to reach the first round of the Welsh Open, where he faced John Higgins and was this time on the wrong end of a 4–1 scoreline. He narrowly missed out on a place in the World Open as he was defeated 4–5 by Mark King in the final round of qualifying. He also lost in qualifying for the China Open to the eventual winner of the event Peter Ebdon 0–5.
Liang played in eleven of the twelve minor-ranking PTC events throughout the season, with a best finish in Event 10, where he lost in the quarter-finals to Dominic Dale. He also reached the last 16 in two other events to finish 38th in the PTC Order of Merit, outside of the top 24 who qualified for the Finals.
He qualified for the World Championship by defeating Marcus Campbell 10–9. He had led the match 8–2 and 9–5 before Campbell took it to 9–9, at which point the match was suspended to allow players on the other tables to begin their sessions. Liang subsequently won the decider with a 72 break and played defending champion Higgins again in the first round. He was involved in another final-frame decider, but was this time on the losing end as he bowed out of the tournament on the opening day, 9–10. He finished the season ranked world number 37.
2012/2013
Liang lost in qualifying for both the Wuxi Classic and the Shanghai Masters to Rod Lawler. He reached the venue stage of the Australian Goldfields Open by beating Thanawat Thirapongpaiboon, but lost 3–5 in the first round against Matthew Stevens. Liang beat Anthony McGill and Andrew Higginson to qualify for the UK Championship, where he saw a 4–3 lead in the first round against Barry Hawkins turn into a 4–6 defeat. Liang failed to qualify for the next two events, but won two matches to enter the main draw of both the Welsh Open and the China Open. In Wales he lost 2–4 to local favourite Stevens in the first round, and in his homeland of China he beat Lu Ning 5–1 in the wildcard round, before losing 3–5 to Stuart Bingham in the first round. Liang had a very consistent season in the Players Tour Championship series as he advanced to, but not past, the last 16 in five of the ten events. This saw him placed 27th on the PTC Order of Merit, one spot short of making the Finals. Liang's season ended when he was beaten 6–10 by Mark Davis in the final round of World Championship Qualifying. His end of year ranking was world number 32.
2013/2014
Liang Wenbo at the 2014 German Masters
In July 2013, Liang reached the final of the World Games but lost in the gold medal match 0–3 to Aditya Mehta. He had an excellent season in the Asian Tour events by reaching the semi-finals of the Zhangjiagang Open where he was defeated 1–4 by Michael Holt and at the Zhengzhou Open, where Liang won his first individual title on the World Snooker Tour. He beat Anthony McGill 4–3 in the semi-finals before whitewashing Lü Haotian 4–0 to claim the £10,000 first prize. In the full ranking events, Liang won five successive frames against defending world champion Ronnie O'Sullivan in the second round of the International Championship to triumph 6–4 which marked his first ever success over his opponent having lost in all four previous attempts. He then thrashed Mark Davis 6–1 to reach the quarter-finals of a ranking event for the first time in four years, where he lost 3–6 against Graeme Dott. Liang reached the last 16 of both the German Masters and Welsh Open, losing 2–5 to Mark Davis and 2–4 to Barry Hawkins respectively. A second final on the Asian Tour followed at the Dongguan Open where Stuart Bingham made four breaks above 50 to defeat him 4–1, but Liang still topped the Order of Merit to qualify for the Finals. There, he was beaten 2–4 by Yu Delu and Liang was defeated 7–10 by Martin Gould in the final round of World Championship qualifying.
2014/2015
Liang overcame Jamie Burnett 5–1 in the first round of the 2014 Wuxi Classic, and then inflicted the first defeat on Mark Selby since he won the World Championship, beating him 5–3. In the last 16, Liang was knocked out 2–5 by Joe Perry. He lost 3–5 against Robert Milkins in the opening round of the Australian Goldfields Open, and in the wildcard round of the Shanghai Masters 1–5 to Yan Bingtao. He failed to get past the last 64 of the next two ranking events, but won two matches to reach the German Masters, where he eliminated Li Hang 5–1 in the first round. He reached the quarter-finals by coming back from 3–4 down against Stuart Bingham to win 5–4 on the final pink. He repeated this form when he edged Ryan Day 5–4 to play in his second career ranking event semi-final, where he took four frames in a row to hold a narrow 4–3 advantage over Shaun Murphy, before losing three successive frames in a 4–6 defeat. Liang did not drop a single frame in seeing off Cao Xinlong and Gerard Greene at the Welsh Open, but was then the victim of a whitewash by John Higgins in the third round. At the inaugural World Grand Prix, he lost 3–4 to Graeme Dott in the second round. In the final round of World Championship qualifying, he lost the last three frames against compatriot Zhang Anda to be narrowly defeated 9–10.
2015/2016
Liang was heavily beaten 2–8 by Thepchaiya Un-Nooh in the final of the 2015 Six-red World Championship. In the third round of the UK Championship, he took advantage of a collapse from Judd Trump to win 6–4 after trailing 1–4. He then saw off Tom Ford 6–5, after which Ford accused Liang of "boring him off the table" with slow play. Liang responded by opening his quarter-final match against Marco Fu with three centuries and hung on to edge it 6–5, then came from 2–4 behind to reach the final by beating David Grace 6–4. It was the first final in the history of the event to feature two players from outside the United Kingdom; Liang lost the match 5–10 to eventual UK champion Neil Robertson. A week later, he progressed to the semi-finals of the Gibraltar Open, but was whitewashed 0–4 by Fu.
Liang's UK final helped him break back into the top 16 in the world rankings to make his debut at the Masters, where he was knocked out 4–6 by John Higgins in the opening round. He was whitewashed 0–4 by Shaun Murphy in the quarter-finals of the World Grand Prix. After winning three matches to qualify for the World Championship, Liang lost 8–10 to Judd Trump after an earlier 7–3 lead.
2016/2017
In the first round of the Shanghai Masters, Liang was narrowly beaten 4–5 by Ronnie O'Sullivan. He won five matches at the English Open, which included a 4–3 second round victory over Shaun Murphy, to reach the semi-finals. From 3–4 down, Liang made breaks of 134 and 138 and Stuart Bingham made a 116 to lock the score at 5–5. Liang took the decider and then ended Judd Trump's 14-match winning streak in the final to win his maiden ranking title 9–6. He became the second player from mainland China to win a ranking event and thanked O'Sullivan (with whom he practises daily) for his help. The win also gave him entry to his first Champion of Champions where he lost 0–4 in the opening round to Mark Selby.
In the Scottish Open, Liang reached the quarter-finals, where he lost to Yu Delu 4–5. In the Masters, he missed the final black, which would have seen him eliminate O'Sullivan 6–4 in the opening round of the Masters, instead going on to lose 5–6. A 4–0 thrashing of Dominic Dale and a pair of 4–3 victories over Mark Allen and Joe Perry moved Liang into the semi-finals of the World Grand Prix, where he was defeated 1–6 by Barry Hawkins. In the second round of the World Championship, Liang trailed Ding Junhui 2–6 after the first session and 7–9 after the second. He then won a trio of frames to take the lead in the match for the first time and would have been 12–11 ahead, one frame away from reaching the quarter-finals for the second time, but instead lost 12–13. After the event, his end-of-season ranking rose to 11, which was a career-high.
2017/2018
Though Liang had a decent campaign this season, he was unable to reach the same height as previous season. In his first round match against Ronnie O'Sullivan at the Masters. In a best -of-11 match, Liang led 5-4 up and only needed the final black in the 10th frame to guarantee his place in the quarter final; however, he missed the relatively easy black, and subsequently lost the frame and eventually the match. In his match against Rod Lawler in the World Championship Qualifying round, Liang made a 147 in the 10th frame, the third 147 in his career. But interestingly, he also had a chance to make another 147 in the 12th frame, but he missed the tricky final black.
2018/2019
Liang had a somewhat of a down season in the 2018/19 campaign. His best results came in the European Masters, China Open, and China Championship, in which he advanced to the third round. Liang only earned a total of 78,500 ranking points, which was 141,100 points shy from his best season in 2016/2017.
2019/2020
This season Liang saw some improvement in this form. His best result came in the UK Championship, in which he defeated Dominic Dale, David Grace, Eden Sharav, and Li Hang, before losing to the eventual champion Ding Junhui in the quarter final. Liang also reached the quarter final of the Gibraltar Open, losing 4–1 to Judd Trump. What professional tournaments did Liang win during his career? |
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"content": "The geological record reveals that \"great earthquakes\" (those with moment magnitude 8 or higher) occur in the Cascadia subduction zone about every 500 years on average, often accompanied by tsunamis. There is evidence of at least 13 events at intervals from about 300 to 900 years with an average of 570–590 years. Previous earthquakes are estimated to have been in AD 1310, AD 810, AD 400, 170 BC and 600 BC.[citation needed]\n\nCascadia earthquake sources\n\nAs seen in the 1700 quake, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, subduction zone earthquakes can cause large tsunamis, and many coastal areas in the region have prepared tsunami evacuation plans in anticipation of a possible future Cascadia earthquake. However, the major nearby cities, notably Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, Victoria, and Tacoma, which are located on inland waterways rather than on the coast, would be sheltered from the full brunt of a tsunami. These cities do have many vulnerable structures, especially bridges and unreinforced brick buildings; consequently, most of the damage to the cities would probably be from the earthquake itself. One expert asserts that buildings in Seattle are vastly inadequate even to withstand an event of the size of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, let alone any more powerful one.\n\nKenneth Murphy, who directs FEMA's Region X, the division responsible for Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Alaska, put it quite dramatically: \"Our operating assumption is that everything west of Interstate 5 will be toast.\"\n\nRecent findings conclude that the Cascadia subduction zone is more complex and volatile than previously believed. In 2010, geologists predicted a 37% chance of an M8.2+ event within 50 years, and a 10 to 15% chance that the entire Cascadia subduction zone will rupture with an M9+ event within the same time frame. Geologists have also determined the Pacific Northwest is not prepared for such a colossal quake. The tsunami produced could reach heights of 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 m).\n\nA 2004 study revealed the potential for relative mean sea level rise (caused by subsidence) along the Cascadia subduction zone. It postulated that cities on the west coast of Vancouver Island, such as Tofino and Ucluelet, are at risk for a 1–2 m subsidence, relative to mean sea level. What is the likelihood of the Cascadia Earthquake ocurring in the next 50 years and how bad will it be?",
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"content": "Geologists predict a 37% chance of a magnitude 8.2+ earthquake caused by subduction of the Cascadia plate in the next 38 years, and a 10% - 15% of a magnitude 9+ earthquake in the same time frame. This data is from a 2010 study. Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20100527090117/http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/node/13426",
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| The geological record reveals that "great earthquakes" (those with moment magnitude 8 or higher) occur in the Cascadia subduction zone about every 500 years on average, often accompanied by tsunamis. There is evidence of at least 13 events at intervals from about 300 to 900 years with an average of 570–590 years. Previous earthquakes are estimated to have been in AD 1310, AD 810, AD 400, 170 BC and 600 BC.[citation needed]
Cascadia earthquake sources
As seen in the 1700 quake, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, subduction zone earthquakes can cause large tsunamis, and many coastal areas in the region have prepared tsunami evacuation plans in anticipation of a possible future Cascadia earthquake. However, the major nearby cities, notably Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, Victoria, and Tacoma, which are located on inland waterways rather than on the coast, would be sheltered from the full brunt of a tsunami. These cities do have many vulnerable structures, especially bridges and unreinforced brick buildings; consequently, most of the damage to the cities would probably be from the earthquake itself. One expert asserts that buildings in Seattle are vastly inadequate even to withstand an event of the size of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, let alone any more powerful one.
Kenneth Murphy, who directs FEMA's Region X, the division responsible for Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Alaska, put it quite dramatically: "Our operating assumption is that everything west of Interstate 5 will be toast."
Recent findings conclude that the Cascadia subduction zone is more complex and volatile than previously believed. In 2010, geologists predicted a 37% chance of an M8.2+ event within 50 years, and a 10 to 15% chance that the entire Cascadia subduction zone will rupture with an M9+ event within the same time frame. Geologists have also determined the Pacific Northwest is not prepared for such a colossal quake. The tsunami produced could reach heights of 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 m).
A 2004 study revealed the potential for relative mean sea level rise (caused by subsidence) along the Cascadia subduction zone. It postulated that cities on the west coast of Vancouver Island, such as Tofino and Ucluelet, are at risk for a 1–2 m subsidence, relative to mean sea level. What is the likelihood of the Cascadia Earthquake ocurring in the next 50 years and how bad will it be? |
closed_qa | [
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"content": "\"Mazzy Star is an American alternative rock band formed in 1988 in Santa Monica, California, from remnants of the group Opal. Founding member David Roback's friend Hope Sandoval became the group's vocalist when Kendra Smith left Opal.\n\nMazzy Star is best known for the song \"\"Fade into You\"\", which brought the band some success in the mid-1990s and was the group's biggest mainstream hit, earning extensive exposure on MTV, VH1, and radio airplay. Roback and Sandoval were the creative center of the band, with Sandoval as lyricist and Roback as composer of the majority of the band's material until his death in Los Angeles on February 24, 2020, from metastatic cancer. Mazzy Star's founding drummer Keith Mitchell, originally part of Opal, died on May 14, 2017 from cancer.\" Where was Mazzy Star formed?",
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"content": "Mazzy Star was formed in Santa Monica, California in 1988",
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| "Mazzy Star is an American alternative rock band formed in 1988 in Santa Monica, California, from remnants of the group Opal. Founding member David Roback's friend Hope Sandoval became the group's vocalist when Kendra Smith left Opal.
Mazzy Star is best known for the song ""Fade into You"", which brought the band some success in the mid-1990s and was the group's biggest mainstream hit, earning extensive exposure on MTV, VH1, and radio airplay. Roback and Sandoval were the creative center of the band, with Sandoval as lyricist and Roback as composer of the majority of the band's material until his death in Los Angeles on February 24, 2020, from metastatic cancer. Mazzy Star's founding drummer Keith Mitchell, originally part of Opal, died on May 14, 2017 from cancer." Where was Mazzy Star formed? |
closed_qa | [
{
"content": "UBS Group AG[nb 1] is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the largest private bank in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy.[nb 2] Because of the bank's large positions in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets, the Financial Stability Board considers it a global systemically important bank.\n\nApart from private banking, UBS provides wealth management, asset management, and investment banking services for private, corporate, and institutional clients with international service. UBS manages the largest amount of private wealth in the world, counting approximately half of the world's billionaires among its clients. Despite its trimming of sell-side operations, UBS maintains a global investment bank and is considered a primary market maker. The bank also maintains numerous underground bank vaults, bunkers, and storage facilities for gold bars around the Swiss Alps and internationally. Partly due to its banking secrecy, it has been at the centre of numerous tax avoidance investigations undertaken by U.S., French, German, Israeli, and Belgian authorities. UBS operations in Switzerland and the United States were respectively ranked first and second on the 2018 Financial Secrecy Index.\n\nAs of May 2022, UBS is the third largest bank in Europe with a market capitalization of $63 billion. It is one of the eight global \"Bulge Bracket\" banks. It has over CHF 3.2 trillion in assets under management (AUM), approximately CHF 2.8 trillion of which are invested assets. In June 2017, its return on invested capital was 11.1%, followed by Goldman Sachs' 9.35%, and JPMorgan Chase's 9.456%. In late 2016, UBS established a blockchain technology research lab in London to advance its cyber security and encryption of client activities. Based on regional deal flow and political influence, UBS is considered one of the \"biggest, most powerful financial institutions in the world\". The company's capital strength, security protocols, and reputation for discretion have yielded a substantial market share in banking and a high level of brand loyalty. Alternatively, it receives routine criticism for facilitating tax noncompliance and off-shore financing. UBS is a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the U.S. Federal Reserve. Is UBS a good bank",
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"content": "UBS Group AG is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the largest private bank in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy. Because of the bank's large positions in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets, the Financial Stability Board considers it a global systemically important bank.\n\nApart from private banking, UBS provides wealth management, asset management, and investment banking services for private, corporate, and institutional clients with international service. UBS manages the largest amount of private wealth in the world, counting approximately half of the world's billionaires among its clients. Despite its trimming of sell-side operations, UBS maintains a global investment bank and is considered a primary market maker. The bank also maintains numerous underground bank vaults, bunkers, and storage facilities for gold bars around the Swiss Alps and internationally. Partly due to its banking secrecy, it has been at the centre of numerous tax avoidance investigations undertaken by U.S., French, German, Israeli, and Belgian authorities. UBS operations in Switzerland and the United States were respectively ranked first and second on the 2018 Financial Secrecy Index.\n\nAs of May 2022, UBS is the third largest bank in Europe with a market capitalization of $63 billion. It is one of the eight global \"Bulge Bracket\" banks. It has over CHF 3.2 trillion in assets under management (AUM), approximately CHF 2.8 trillion of which are invested assets. In June 2017, its return on invested capital was 11.1%, followed by Goldman Sachs' 9.35%, and JPMorgan Chase's 9.456%. In late 2016, UBS established a blockchain technology research lab in London to advance its cyber security and encryption of client activities. Based on regional deal flow and political influence, UBS is considered one of the \"biggest, most powerful financial institutions in the world\". The company's capital strength, security protocols, and reputation for discretion have yielded a substantial market share in banking and a high level of brand loyalty. Alternatively, it receives routine criticism for facilitating tax noncompliance and off-shore financing. UBS is a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the U.S. Federal Reserve.",
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| UBS Group AG[nb 1] is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the largest private bank in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy.[nb 2] Because of the bank's large positions in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets, the Financial Stability Board considers it a global systemically important bank.
Apart from private banking, UBS provides wealth management, asset management, and investment banking services for private, corporate, and institutional clients with international service. UBS manages the largest amount of private wealth in the world, counting approximately half of the world's billionaires among its clients. Despite its trimming of sell-side operations, UBS maintains a global investment bank and is considered a primary market maker. The bank also maintains numerous underground bank vaults, bunkers, and storage facilities for gold bars around the Swiss Alps and internationally. Partly due to its banking secrecy, it has been at the centre of numerous tax avoidance investigations undertaken by U.S., French, German, Israeli, and Belgian authorities. UBS operations in Switzerland and the United States were respectively ranked first and second on the 2018 Financial Secrecy Index.
As of May 2022, UBS is the third largest bank in Europe with a market capitalization of $63 billion. It is one of the eight global "Bulge Bracket" banks. It has over CHF 3.2 trillion in assets under management (AUM), approximately CHF 2.8 trillion of which are invested assets. In June 2017, its return on invested capital was 11.1%, followed by Goldman Sachs' 9.35%, and JPMorgan Chase's 9.456%. In late 2016, UBS established a blockchain technology research lab in London to advance its cyber security and encryption of client activities. Based on regional deal flow and political influence, UBS is considered one of the "biggest, most powerful financial institutions in the world". The company's capital strength, security protocols, and reputation for discretion have yielded a substantial market share in banking and a high level of brand loyalty. Alternatively, it receives routine criticism for facilitating tax noncompliance and off-shore financing. UBS is a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the U.S. Federal Reserve. Is UBS a good bank |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Where was the game of Pickle Ball invented.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The game was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington, at the summer home of Joel Pritchard, who later served in the United States Congress and as Washington's lieutenant governor. Pritchard and two of his friends, Barney McCallum and Bill Bell, are credited with devising the game and establishing the rules.\n\nAccording to Joan Pritchard, Joel Pritchard's wife, \"The name of the game became Pickle Ball after I said it reminded me of the pickle boat in crew where oarsmen were chosen from the leftovers of other boats.\" Other sources state that the name \"pickleball\" was derived from the name of the Pritchard's family dog, Pickles.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Where was the game of Pickle Ball invented. |
classification | [
{
"content": "What are the classifications of Academic Degrees?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including undergraduate degrees, master's, and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates and professional degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries there are lower-level higher education qualifications that are also titled degrees (e.g. associate degrees and foundation degrees).",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What are the classifications of Academic Degrees? |
open_qa | [
{
"content": "What is the supreme law of the land?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "the Constitution",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| What is the supreme law of the land? |
creative_writing | [
{
"content": "Which sport is similar to baseball?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Baseball is a bat-ball game. While there are many sports played with bat and a ball, considering the number of players involved ( more than 4 ) in a field. Cricket comes very close and have similarities with the game of Baseball.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Which sport is similar to baseball? |
general_qa | [
{
"content": "Why are lemons sometimes considered Alkaline?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lemons are acidic, having a pH of around two. However, alkaline byproducts are created when lemon juice is digested. These alkaline byproducts make the blood and urine more alkaline.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Why are lemons sometimes considered Alkaline? |
information_extraction | [
{
"content": "Remembrance Day (also known as Poppy Day owing to the tradition of wearing a remembrance poppy) is a memorial day observed in Commonwealth member states since the end of the First World War in 1919 to honour armed forces members who have died in the line of duty. The day is also marked by war remembrances in several other non-Commonwealth countries. In most countries, Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November to recall the end of First World War hostilities. Hostilities formally ended \"at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month\" of 1918, in accordance with the armistice signed by representatives of Germany and the Entente between 5:12 and 5:20 that morning. (\"At the 11th hour\" refers to the passing of the 11th hour, or 11:00 am.) The First World War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919.\n\nThe tradition of Remembrance Day evolved out of Armistice Day. The initial Armistice Day was observed at Buckingham Palace, commencing with King George V hosting a \"Banquet in Honour of the President of the French Republic\" during the evening hours of 10 November 1919. The first official Armistice Day was subsequently held on the grounds of Buckingham Palace the following morning. During the Second World War, many countries changed the name of the holiday. Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations adopted Remembrance Day, while the US chose Veterans Day. What do they call Remembrance Day in the United States",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In the United States, Remembrance Day, which is a memorial day observing the end of the First World War, is known as Veterans Day.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| Remembrance Day (also known as Poppy Day owing to the tradition of wearing a remembrance poppy) is a memorial day observed in Commonwealth member states since the end of the First World War in 1919 to honour armed forces members who have died in the line of duty. The day is also marked by war remembrances in several other non-Commonwealth countries. In most countries, Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November to recall the end of First World War hostilities. Hostilities formally ended "at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month" of 1918, in accordance with the armistice signed by representatives of Germany and the Entente between 5:12 and 5:20 that morning. ("At the 11th hour" refers to the passing of the 11th hour, or 11:00 am.) The First World War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919.
The tradition of Remembrance Day evolved out of Armistice Day. The initial Armistice Day was observed at Buckingham Palace, commencing with King George V hosting a "Banquet in Honour of the President of the French Republic" during the evening hours of 10 November 1919. The first official Armistice Day was subsequently held on the grounds of Buckingham Palace the following morning. During the Second World War, many countries changed the name of the holiday. Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations adopted Remembrance Day, while the US chose Veterans Day. What do they call Remembrance Day in the United States |
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