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# Íslenzk fornrit
**Hið íslenzka fornritafélag** (`{{IPA|is|hɪːð ˈistlɛnska ˈfɔ(r)tnˌrɪːtaˌfjɛːˌlaːɣ}}`{=mediawiki}), or **The Old Icelandic Text Society** is a text publication society. It is the standard publisher of Old Icelandic texts (such as the Sagas of Icelanders, Kings\' sagas and bishops\' sagas) with thorough introductions and comprehensive notes.
The Society was founded in 1928 by Jón Ásbjörnsson and launched its text series of medieval Icelandic literature known as *Íslenzk fornrit* in 1933. The series was founded as an Icelandic language edition along the lines of the German language series *Altnordische Saga-Bibliothek* (published 1892--1929). The Society\'s publications are distributed by the Icelandic Literary Society (*Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag*).
The president of the company (2019) is Halldór Blöndal
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# Johannes Eder
**Johannes Eder** (born 19 October 1979) is an Austrian cross-country skier who competed between 1998 and 2007.
Eder has five individual career victories up to 30 km (four in Continental Cup, one in an FIS race) from 2001 to 2004. In 2006, he was disqualified for doping violations in the last two races he entered for the 2005-06 racing season, but was reinstated in time to compete in the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo.
On 22 November 2007, the FIS announced that Eder along with two other cross country skiers from Austria (Roland Diethard and Martin Tauber), received two-year bans for doping incurred. All results from the incursion that was caught on 18 February 2006 during the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin for Eder and the two other skiers to the date of the suspension issued were disqualified and any awards earned were forfeited. Seven months earlier, Eder received a lifetime ban from the IOC for his doping actions in Turin
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# Homo gardarensis
***Homo gardarensis*** (Gardarene Man) was the name mistakenly given to partial remains found in a burial at Garðar, Greenland in a 12th-century Norse settlement. Original statements compared the remains to *Homo heidelbergensis* but this identification was subsequently disproven. The bones were classified as the remains of a contemporary human with acromegaly, and put away at Panum Institute in Copenhagen.
## Discovery
In 1927 an archaeological dig by the Museum of Copenhagen investigated Garðar. During the excavation of the Garðar Cathedral Ruins, a large jawbone was found, as well as a large skull fragment. These were sent to the laboratory of Professor F. C. C. Hansen in early 1927. He believed that the bones were that of a 40 or 50-year-old Norseman who had reverted to type. He published a preliminary account in the newspaper Berlingske in 1929.
## Reaction
Sir Arthur Keith devoted a chapter in his 1931 work *New Discoveries Relating to the Antiquity of Man* to the discovery. He concluded that the skull represented an acromegalic person, after comparing photographs of the skull with skulls from known acromegalics like Charles Byrne, as well as the La Chapelle skull and Rhodesian skull
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# Diary of a Pig War
***Diary of a Pig War*** (Spanish: La Guerra del cerdo) is a 1975 Argentinian film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson about his own script written in collaboration with Beatriz Guido and Luis Pico Estrada. It is based on the novel \"*Diario de la guerra del cerdo*\" by Adolfo Bioy Casares. It stars José Slavin, Marta González, Edgardo Suárez, Víctor Laplace and Emilio Alfaro. It was released on 7 August, 1975. Excerpts of the short film The Last Cry (1960) by Dino Minitti are seen during the film.
## Plot
In an alternative reality, a man who is entering old age faces a society in which the young eliminate the old.
## Cast
- José Slavin ...Isidro Vidal
- Marta González ...Nélida
- Edgardo Suárez ... Antonio Bobliolo
- Víctor Laplace ... Isidorito Vidal
- Emilio Alfaro ... Farrell
- Osvaldo Terranova ... Leandro Rey
- Miguel Ligero\..
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# The Jewish Gauchos (film)
***The Jewish Gauchos*** (*Los Gauchos judíos*) is a 1975 Argentine film based on the novel *Los Gauchos Judíos* (*The Jewish Gauchos of the Pampas* in its English version) by journalist and writer Alberto Gerchunoff. The story centers on a large group of Jews who escaped from Imperial Russia to Argentina to start a new life near the eastern border of Entre Rios province at the beginning of the 19th century
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# La Hora de María y el pájaro de oro
***La Hora de María y el pájaro de oro*** is a 1975 Argentine film.
It received its premiere on August 28, 1975. It was filmed in Eastmancolor in the cities of Corrientes, Empedrado, Goya and Mercedes. It was directed by Rodolfo Kuhn, with a script by Eduardo Gudiño Kieffer. It is about a young peasant woman and her son who is a prisoner of the golden bird
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# Mi novia el...
***Mi novia el\...*** (*My Girlfriend the\...*) is a 1975 Argentine comedy film. The original title, *Mi novia el travesti* (\"My Girlfriend the Transvestite\") was edited by Argentine censors when the film was first released. The original script was about a real travesti supposed to be protagonized by Jorge Perez, a famous travesti under the name of Jorge Perez Evelyn. However, the censorship was so strong that the script was changed and Perez was replaced with actress Susana Giménez.
The plot is based on the 1933 German film *Victor and Victoria*.
## Plot
Alberto is a regular middle-aged man who lives with his elder mother and works at a factory. After a night out where he attends a show by transvestite artist Dominique, he develops an unexpected fixation with the artist. What started out as a loud reaction of disgust and bigotry, slowly turns into him realizing that he is in fact attracted to Dominique. This newfound interest fills Alberto\'s mind with guilt and doubt, while his coworkers start mocking him for dating a \"weirdo\", and his family grieve his lost decency. In the midst of Alberto\'s predicament, a revelation by Dominique will shake the board
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# STEM Racing
**STEM Racing** (formerly **F1 in Schools**) is an international STEM competition endorsed by Formula 1 for students aged 9--19.
Groups of 3--6 students have to design and manufacture a miniature F1 car using CAD/CAM and CAE design tools. The cars are powered by CO~2~ cartridges and are attached to a track by a nylon wire. They are timed from the moment they are launched to when they pass the finish line by a computer.
The cars have to follow extensive regulations, in a similar fashion to Formula 1 (e.g. the wheels of the car must be in contact with the track at all times). The cars are raced on a 20m long track with two lanes, to allow two cars to be raced simultaneously. CFD software called F1 Virtual Wind Tunnel was designed by Denford Ltd. specifically for the challenge, although teams mostly tend to use other packages such as the Ansys Workbench or Autodesk Simulation suites.
The competition is currently operational in over 40 countries. The competition was first introduced in the UK in 1999. The competition\'s aim is to introduce younger people to engineering in a more fun environment. The competition is held annually, with Regional and National Finals. The overall winners of the National Finals are invited to compete at the World Finals, which are held at a different location each year, usually held in conjunction with a Formula One Grand Prix. In the UK competition there are 3 classes of entry: Professional Class aimed at 11- to 19-year-olds; Development Class aimed at 11- to 19-year-olds in their first year; and Entry Class aimed at 11- to 14-year-olds.
, the F1 in Schools World Champions are evolut1on from Karl-Maybach-Gymnasium in Germany.
The F1 in Schools World Record was set in 2016 by the Australian team [Infinitude](https://infinitudeaustralia.github.io/) and is 0.916 seconds.
After safety issues concerning the use of extended canister chambers coupled with the Launch Energy Recovery System (LERS), the controversial device was banned globally from the 2017 World Finals season onwards, after being innovated in 2014 by Colossus F1.
Denford Ltd. unveiled a new track and timing system that debuted at the 2017 World Finals. All components are now manufactured in-house, resulting in a lower overall cost in comparison to the Pitsco produced track that it succeeds. The track\'s launching mechanism has had numerous reliability issues since its introduction.
In 2018, the competition\'s logo was updated to incorporate Formula One\'s updated logo. Consequently, the Bernie Ecclestone World Champions trophy was replaced, with the new World Champions trophy incorporating the new logo and the car of the 2017 World Champions, Hyperdrive.
The 2020 F1 in Schools World Finals has been postponed twice due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Finals 2020--21 was held as a virtual event in the UK in June 2021 with 43 competing teams.
In 2024, Formula 1 announced that the competition would rebrand to STEM Racing.
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# STEM Racing
## Aspects of the competition {#aspects_of_the_competition}
**Specifications judging** Specifications judging is a detailed inspection process where the race car is assessed for compliance with the STEM Racing Technical Regulations. Scrutineering is conducted within the confines of parc fermé where judges use a series of specially manufactured gauges and accurate measuring tools to check the car\'s compliance.
All of the rules and regulations season can be found at the STEM Racing website.
**Engineering judging** The scheduled engineering judging interview session focuses on the application of CAD CAM analysis, CAD data organisation, orthographic drawing, 3D render and use of CNC machining. This is an informal interview where judges ask the team to demonstrate their CAD / CAM work and query teams on what they have done.
**Portfolio & Pit Display Judging**
Each team of students is required to produce an enterprise portfolio, engineering portfolio as well as a pit display. The portfolios are A3 size and should contain information about the team, their car design and manufacturing process, marketing techniques, project management, teamwork and team identity. Teams are given an area to set up a pit display which is judged alongside their design portfolio by a panel of judges.
**Verbal presentation judging** In advance of the competition, teams prepare a timed verbal presentation to present to a panel of judges, outlining their project. Teams usually use a PowerPoint presentation as a visual aid when presenting to the judges. The length of the verbal presentation varies depending on the level of the competition. At World Finals Level teams are required to prepare a 10-minute presentation.
**Racing**
Teams race their cars against each other on the official 20-metre STEM Racing competition track. Points are awarded for reaction time racing as well as manual launch racing.
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# STEM Racing
## Defining car features {#defining_car_features}
Although regulations vary from regional to national to world finals, the basic features, resembling a real F1 car, are consistent.
**Front and rear wing**
The cars have to include a front wing that does not cover the wheels if seen from the side or the top in the technical drawing. The front wing can not cover the wheels higher than 15 mm relative to the track surface and must not be physically obstructed by any other components of the car. The minimum wingspan of the front wing is 50 mm and its thickness should be between 2 mm and 6 mm. To allow for airflow, the front wing must have at least 5 mm of clear air space to any other part of the car or track surface.
The rear wing cannot cover the rear wheels if seen from above and must not be physically obstructed by any other component when viewed from the front. The rear wing must have a single, unbroken minimum span of 50 mm and a thickness between 2 mm to 6 mm. Similar to the front wing, to allow for airflow the rear wing must have a minimum of 5 mm clear air space to any other part of the car or track surface.
**Cartridge chamber**
The cars feature a chamber to hold the CO~2~ cartridge. It has to be parallel to the track surface.
**Wheels**
The cars have to include four wheels with a given scope of width and radius that are in contact with the surface of the track at all times. The wheels must be entirely visible from the right or left side and from the top. There is a 15 mm long exclusion zone behind the width of the front wheels.
**Car body**
The cars have to incorporate a virtual cargo horizontal to the track surface in between the centre of the axis of the wheels. This renders many \"catamaran\" designs insufficient. Cars have to be symmetrical to a vertically oriented reference plane. Cars also feature side boxes large enough to hold the F1 in schools decal.
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# STEM Racing
## F1 in Schools World Final results {#f1_in_schools_world_final_results}
Generally, Regional/State Champions are invited to compete at their country\'s National Final, with the in-country organising authority inviting other teams to the National Final through the use of wildcards. The National Champions are invited to represent their country at the World Finals. The in-country organiser is permitted to invite up to 3 other teams to the World Final, one of which is generally either an in-country or international collaboration team. The winning team receives the F1 in Schools World Championship Trophy as well as scholarships for engineering degrees at UCL, the University of Huddersfield and City, University of London. The World Final podium places and Best Engineered Car are outlined below.
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Venue | World Champions | Second Place | Third Place | Best Engineered Car |
+===========================================================+===============================================================================+===============================================================================+============================================================================================================+======================================================================+
| 2004\ | Turbo\ | Flash\ | Thunder Down Under\ | Thunder Down Under\ |
| `{{flagicon|GBR}}`{=mediawiki} Coventry | Bloomsburg High School (PA) | St Alban\'s College | Cheltenham Girls High School (NSW) & Noosa District State High (QLD) | Cheltenham Girls High (NSW) & Noosa District State High School (QLD) |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2006\ | Stingers\ | Flash\ | Turbo\ | Stingers\ |
| `{{flagicon|GBR}}`{=mediawiki} Birmingham | Trinity Grammar School | St Alban\'s College | Bloomsburg High School (PA) | Trinity Grammar School |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2007\ | FUGA\ | Lighting\ | Mercurial Ace\ | STEM F1\ |
| `{{flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} Melbourne | Coleraine Academical Institution | Blairgowrie High School | SMK Convent Bukit Nanas | Trinity College |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2008\ | Pulse\ | Goshawk\ | Impulse F1\ | Impulse F1\ |
| `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Kuala Lumpur | Devonport High School for Boys | Trinity Christian School (ACT) | Barker College | Barker College |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2009\ | The Koni Kats\ | Redline Racing\ | AC Racing\ | Redline Racing\ |
| `{{flagicon|GBR}}`{=mediawiki} London | St. David\'s Secondary School | Trinity Christian School | Noosa District State High School (QLD) & Miles MacDonell (MB) | Trinity Christian School |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2010\ | Unitus Racing\ | Zer0.9\ | Aixtreme Racing\ | Basilisk Performance\ |
| `{{flagicon|SIN}}`{=mediawiki} Singapore | Southeast High School (FL) & James Madison Middle School (VA) | Pine Rivers State High School & The Indian High School, Dubai | Einhard-Gymnasium Aachen | Sebastopol College |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2011\ | PentaGliders\ | [BETAGREEN](https://web.archive.org/web/20111224194913/http://betagreen.de/)\ | Unitus Racing\ | PentaGliders\ |
| `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Kuala Lumpur | Brooks High School | Gymnasium Grootmoor | Southeast High School (FL) & James Madison Middle School (VA) | Brooks High School |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2012\ | Cold Fusion\ | Team Ignite | Rush\ | Cold Fusion\ |
| `{{flagicon|UAE}}`{=mediawiki} Abu Dhabi | Brighton Secondary School | | Robert May\'s School | Brighton Secondary School |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2013\ | A1 Racing\ | Allegiance Racing\ | Unlimited Acceleration\ | Bardahl Racing\ |
| `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Austin | Phoenix P-12 Community College (VIC) & Pine Rivers State High School (QLD) | Southeast High School (FL) | Lessing-Gymnasium Winnenden (BW) | St David\'s Holy Faith Secondary School |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2014\ | Colossus F1\ | Gamma Raycing\ | Boreas Racing\ | Colossus F1\ |
| `{{flagicon|UAE}}`{=mediawiki} Abu Dhabi | 907.7 Points\ | 844.2 Points\ | 840.5 Points\ | Robert May\'s School |
| | Robert May\'s School | Magdalene Catholic High School (NSW) | Gymnasium An der Stenner Iserlohn (NRW) | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2015\ | /`{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Union Racing International\ | Mustangs | Team AIB Racing | Laminar Racing |
| `{{flagicon|SIN}}`{=mediawiki} Singapore | Alexander-von-Humboldt Gymnasium Greifswald (MV) & Lexington High School (MA) | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2016\ | Infinitude\ | Infinite Racing\ | Endeavour\ | Knight Hawks\ |
| `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Austin | 837.8 Points\ | 852.3 Points\ | 770.5 Points\ | The Indian High School, Dubai |
| | Brighton Secondary School & St Bede\'s College | Mandoulides School | Gymnasium Unterrieden Sindelfingen (BW), Karl-Friedrich-Gymnasium (BW) & Kurfürst-Friedrich-Gymnasium (BW) | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2017\ | Hyperdrive\ | /`{{flagicon|GER}}`{=mediawiki} Aurora\ | Pioneers\ | Hyperdrive\ |
| `{{flagicon|MYS}}`{=mediawiki} Kuala Lumpur | 906.7 Points\ | 887.5 Points\ | 873.0 Points\ | Trinity Grammar School |
| | Trinity Grammar School | Brighton Secondary School & Fichte-Gymnasium Hagen | Gymnasium Kronshagen | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2018\ | Horizon\ | CJJ AutoVinco\ | Perspective\ | Horizon\ |
| `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Singapore | 878.4 Points\ | 860.0 Points\ | 834.7 Points\ | Brighton Secondary School |
| | Brighton Secondary School | St. Brigid\'s College, Loughrea | Palmetto High School | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2019\ | Evolve UK\ | Fusion\ | Aflex Hose Centurion Racing\ | Ascension\ |
| `{{flagicon|UAE}}`{=mediawiki} Abu Dhabi | 855.5 Points\ | 826.8 Points\ | 820.2 Points\ | Mount View High School & Penrith Christian School |
| | Queen Elizabeth\'s Grammar School | Gymnasium Unterrieden Sindelfingen | Rishworth School | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2020(21)\ | Britannia Red\ | Quintolux\ | Nebula\ | Britannia Red\ |
| `{{flagicon|GBR}}`{=mediawiki} United Kingdom | 882.1 Points\ | 834.0 Points\ | 792.9 Points\ | Robert May\'s School |
| | Robert May\'s School | St. Brigid\'s College, Loughrea | Wesley College | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2021(22)\ | Hydron\ | BLACKOUT\ | SBA Avidity Racing\ | Hydron\ |
| `{{flagicon|GBR}}`{=mediawiki} Silverstone | 880.0 Points\ | 856.0 Points\ | 827.1 Points\ | Trinity Grammar School, Kew |
| | Trinity Grammar School, Kew | St John\'s College, Cardiff | Scarborough UTC | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2023 `{{Flagicon|Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Singapore | Recoil Racing\ | Propulsion\ | Nightingale\ | Propulsion\ |
| | 846.5 Points\ | 834.9 Points\ | 776.3 Points\ | Charles Campbell College |
| | Marie-Therese-Gymnasium Erlangen | Charles Campbell College | Robert May\'s School | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2024 `{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}`{=mediawiki} Saudi Arabia | evolut1on\ | Array\ | Lunar\ | Oryx\ |
| | 867.3 Points\ | 811.2 Points\ | 808
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# The Black Bird
***The Black Bird*** is a 1975 comedy film written and directed by David Giler and starring George Segal and Stéphane Audran. It is a comedic sequel to the John Huston film version of *The Maltese Falcon* (1941) with Segal playing Sam Spade\'s son, Sam Spade, Jr., and Lee Patrick and Elisha Cook Jr. reprising their roles of Effie Perrine and Wilmer Cook. It was Giler\'s first and only directorial effort.
## Plot
When San Francisco private detective Sam Spade dies, his son, Sam, Jr., inherits his father\'s agency, including the sarcastic secretary, Effie Perine (also known as \"Godzilla\"). He must also continue his father\'s tradition of \"serving minorities\" (with \"spade\" double-entendres). When Caspar Gutman is killed outside Spade\'s building, his dying words are, \"It\'s black and as long as your arm.\"
Spade is given an offer by a member of the Order of St. John\'s Hospital to purchase his father\'s useless copy of the Maltese Falcon. A thug named Gordon Immerman has been hired to make sure Spade delivers the bird. Spade later gets an offer from Wilmer Cook for the Falcon, but before they can negotiate, Cook is killed. Shortly thereafter Spade meets a beautiful and mysterious Russian woman named Anna Kemidov, daughter of the general who once owned the real Maltese Falcon. She also wants Spade\'s copy and is willing to seduce him to get it. Spade is soon dealing with Litvak, a bald Nazi dwarf who is surrounded by an army of Hawaiian thugs. In the ensuing chaos, Immerman tries to become Spade\'s partner. Spade discovers that his \"false\" copy may be the real thing.
## Cast
- George Segal as Sam Spade, Jr.
- Stéphane Audran as Anna Kemidov
- Lionel Stander as Gordon Immerman
- Lee Patrick as Effie
- Elisha Cook, Jr. as Wilmer Cook
- Felix Silla as Litvak
- Signe Hasso as Dr. Crippen
- John Abbott as DuQuai
- Connie Kreski as Decoy Girl
- Howard Jeffrey as Kerkorian
- Ken Swofford as Brad McCormack
## Production
Ray Stark owned the rights to *The Maltese Falcon* and hired David Giler to adapt. Giler tried to work on the script with his friend John Milius but they were unable to collaborate. Giler then decided to turn the project into a comedy, and Stark let him direct. It was his first and only directorial effort. During principal photography, frequent clashes occurred between Stark and star George Segal.
Lee Patrick and Elisha Cook, Jr., reprised their roles from the John Huston version of *The Maltese Falcon* (1941).
## Reception
Panned by critics and audiences alike, the film is considered the weakest adaptation of the novel. Pauline Kael wrote that it is \"a dumb comedy, with an insecure tone and some good ideas mixed with some terrible ones\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an aggregated score of 33% based on 12 reviews
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# Rebellion (1975 film)
***Rebellion**\'\' (Spanish:***Rebeldía**\'\') is a 1975 Argentine film.
## Cast
The cast of this movie includes: Delfy de Ortega, Francisco de Paula, Linda Peretz and Gabriela Gili
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# El Familiar
***El Familiar*** is a 1975 Argentine film
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# K. O. Mbadiwe
**Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe** `{{IPAc-en||audio=Ig-Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe.ogg}}`{=mediawiki} (1915--1990) was a Nigerian nationalist, politician, statesman, and government minister in the Nigerian First Republic and a Biafran Roving ambassador during the civil war.
## Early life {#early_life}
Mbadiwe was born to the family of Mbadiwe Odum from Arondizuogu then under then Orlu division of present-day Imo State. His uncle, Igwegbe Odum, was a warrant chief in the colonial era.
## Education
He started primary education at St Mary\'s Catholic School, Port Harcourt, and finished it at a government school in Aba. He then attended the Hope Waddell Training Institute, Calabar, Aggrey Memorial College, Arochukwu, Igbobi College, Lagos and the Baptist Academy, Lagos. At Baptist Academy, Samuel Akintola and E.E. Esau were staff members, while some of his schoolmates at Igbobi were Taslim Elias, Horatio Thomas and Justice F.O. Coker. After his secondary education, he dabbled into trading by establishing Mbadiwe Produce Association in 1937. He left Nigeria to study at Columbia University and New York University for a number of years. While in America, he helped to establish an African student\'s association, through which he gained the attention of the U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who received him and his organization in the White House.
## Career
After returning from the U.S., he started another business and established a research institute on African Arts. He soon entered the Nigerian political scene and joined the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons. In 1951, he was elected into the Eastern Region House of Assembly. He was re-elected in 1954, and shortly thereafter appointed Minister for Lands and National Resources. In 1957, he was appointed Minister for Commerce. However, his political success was to undergo a great challenge when in mid-1958, he and Kola Balogun attempted to remove Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe as the leader of National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC). Mbadiwe set up his own newspaper, *The Daily Telegraph*, as an organ of protest. He later re-joined the party and was appointed Minister for Trade and Communications and also served as a special adviser to the Prime Minister, advising on African affairs. After the secession of the Eastern Region he was appointed as a Roving Ambassador by the Biafran president Odumegwu Ojukwu and held this post till the end of the civil war.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Mbadiwe had six children namely Betty, Greg, Paul, Chris, George, and Francis. His brother, James Green Mbadiwe was a businessman conducting on his account in the Northern Region, he owned the now defunct Green\'s Hotel on Ahmadu Bello Way, Kaduna built in 1939 and commissioned by Azikiwe. The property later became a shopping center, J. Green Mbadiwe died in 1980.
He built and inhabited the landmark residence, The Palace of The People, at Ndianiche Uno. It was commissioned by Prime Minister Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa in 1965. He married three wives
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# El Pibe Cabeza
***El Pibe Cabeza*** is a 1975 Argentine crime drama film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
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# Trapito (film)
***Trapito*** is a 1975 Argentine comedy-drama adventure animated film directed by Manuel García Ferré.
## Plot
During a stormy night, the sparrow Salapin is about to drown in a mud pool due to exhaustion. Next to the mud pool hangs Trapito, a scarecrow, on his frame. Trapito is a living scarecrow. He picks up Salapin and puts him in his inside pocket where it is dry and warm. The next morning, Trapito admits he is lonely and confused. Salapin takes him to see the Patriarch of the Birds (a wise old owl), who deduces that Trapito lacks imagination since he has been standing in a field all his life. The Patriarch advises him and Salapin to see the world.
They meet Larguirucho, a friendly but clumsy farmer mouse with many animals, mainly his pigs (a mother and her son). They go into town where Larguirucho sells his cheeses and treats them to a meal, but a crow named Ataúlfo steals his money. The innkeeper gives Larguirucho a week to pay for the meal or he will butcher the mother pig. Larguirucho can\'t find a job until he is hired as an assistant carpenter. A pirate orders a peg leg for his Captain Mala Pata, a black-bearded ruffian. After the peg leg is made, the carpenter wraps it up and hands it to Larguirucho for delivery. However, they make a quick stop at the butcher where Larguirucho accidentally mixes up the wrapped peg leg with a few similarly shaped packaged hams. Larguirucho delivers one of the hams to Mala Pata by mistake. Mala Pata then orders his sailors, including Ataúlfo, who results to be his first mate, to shanghai Larguirucho and use Trapito as their figurehead. Mala Pata sails for a tropical island where a map shows that valuable crystal tears are to be found. A mutiny for the tears, is accidentally foiled by Larguirucho, Salapin, and the little pig. Mala Pata makes Larguirucho first mate and frees Trapito.
At the island, Larguirucho and Trapito are ordered to dive and search the sea bottom for the crystal tears. They learn the tears are being wept by a mermaid, Espumita. She and all the fishes were happy until they were attacked by the Cruel Octopus, a pirate giant octopus, and his pirate crew of crabs and swordfishes. Espumita\'s boyfriend, the Sea Horse, becomes the good sea creatures' general, and they are defeating the Cruel Octopus until the Sea Horse is captured. Larguirucho and Trapito rescue him, scare away the Cruel Octopus and are rewarded by one of Espumita\'s crystal tears. They return to the pirate ship, where Mala Pata and Ataúlfo dive into the sea after more tears but are chased away by the Cruel Octopus. Larguirucho, now the captain, sails back to town where he uses the crystal tear to pay the innkeeper. Larguirucho and his pigs return to the farm, while Salapin meets a female sparrow, and falls in love with her, and they fly off, abandoning Trapito. The lonely scarecrow returns to his field, but Salapin and his mate return the next year with their chicks, and Trapito and the chicks become playmates.
In some countries, mainly Argentina and Spain, the movie was accompanied by with an introduction of Petete, a puppet penguin similar to Topo Gigio, and one of the director\'s most famous characters, telling to the audience about the creation of the scarecrow
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# La Película
***La Película*** is a 1975 Argentine film. It won the \"Opera Prima\" prize at the San Sebastian International Festival in 1976.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
The film features movies within movies. At one level is the filming of a silent western entitled \"El Corazon del gaucho\" (lit. \"the Cowboys\'s Heart\"). The western\'s plot focuses on the kidnapping of a bride-to-be (Diana Maggi) and her rescue by the groom played by Ernesto Bianco. Another level of the film is about the reaction of the residents of San Benito to the arrival of the actors. The third thread of the movie follows a young film-buff named Truffini, a reference to François Truffaut. Truffini documents the making of the movie and its intersection with local life
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# Nazareno Cruz and the Wolf
***Nazareno Cruz and the Wolf*** (*\'\'\'Nazareno Cruz y el lobo, las palomas y los gritos\'\'\'*; original title translatable as \"Nazareno Cruz and the Wolf: The Doves and the Screams\") is a 1975 fantasy drama film coproduced and directed by Leonardo Favio and starring Juan José Camero, Marina Magali and Alfredo Alcón. It was written by Favio and Jorge Zuhair Jury, Favio\'s brother and frequent script collaborator. The story works as an adaptation of the classical myth of the Lobizón, and it has become a classic film. It is also widely known as the most successful of all time in its country. With 3.4 million viewers it holds the national record ahead of *El secreto de sus ojos*. The film is a co-production between Argentina and Mexico.
It was selected as the Argentine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 48th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It was also entered in the 9th Moscow International Film Festival.
In a survey of the 100 greatest films of Argentine cinema carried out by the Museo del Cine Pablo Ducrós Hicken in 2000, the film reached the 30th position. In a new version of the survey organized in 2022 by the specialized magazines *La vida útil*, *Taipei* and *La tierra quema*, presented at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival, the film reached the 17th position. Also in 2022, the film was included in Spanish magazine *Fotogramas*{{\'}}s list of the 20 best Argentine films of all time.
## Synopsis
Nazareno Cruz is a young farmer living in a rural town. He is known for being the seventh son of his father, and so he is seen by the locals as the victim of the werewolf curse. Despite this he lives happily in the community. When Nazareno is about to turn 18 he meets Griselda and they both fall in love. Soon after, \"Mandinga\" (the Devil) presents himself to Nazareno and explains that his curse is real. Mandinga makes Nazareno a proposition: if Nazareno gives up his love, he will receive in exchange his freedom and many riches. Nazareno refuses the deal and eventually turns into a werewolf, becoming involved in a series of tragedies.
## Cast
- Juan José Camero \... Nazareno Cruz
- Marina Magali \... Griselda
- Alfredo Alcón \... The Powerful/Mandinga
- Lautaro Murúa \... Julián
- Nora Cullen \... The Lechiguana
- Elcira Olivera Garcés \... Damiana
- Saul Jarlip \... The Old Man Pancho
- Juanita Lara \... Fidelia
- Yolanda Mayorani \... The Powerful\'s Godmother
- Marcelo Marcote \..
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# Rob Abiamiri
**Rob Abiamiri** (born December 21, 1982) is an American football tight end who most recently played for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Abiamiri was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Ravens after the 2005 NFL draft following his career at Maryland. After being allocated to NFL Europa and spending the 2007 season as a member of the Berlin Thunder, Abiamiri was released by the Ravens on July 23, 2007 due to injuries and later decided to retire after not being signed by any other teams. Abiamiri attended Mount Saint Joseph High School in Baltimore, Maryland. Rob is the brother of Philadelphia Eagles defensive end, Victor Abiamiri and Paschal Abiamiri who also played football at the University of Maryland
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# A World of Love
***A World of Love*** (*Un mundo de amor*) is a 1975 Argentine comedy film directed by Mario Sábato with a screenplay by Diego Santillán and Luz Tambascio. It stars Andrea Del Boca, Ubaldo Martínez, Miguel Ligero and Nelly Beltrán.
The film premiered on 17 July 1975. Newspaper *La Nación* described it as an \"optimistic fable\", but Osvaldo Iakkidis referred to it in *El Cronista Comercial* as \"monotonous\".
## Plot
An orphaned girl lives with her maternal grandfather. When he is hospitalized due to a heart attack, the girl is taken to her paternal grandparents who will try to take her away from him
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# Fort Dent
**Fort Dent** is a historic fort and present-day park in Tukwila, Washington.
## History
Fort Dent was a blockhouse built on the orders of Territorial Governor, Isaac Stevens, in approximately 1860. It was located southeast of the confluence of the Black and Green Rivers, which join to form the Duwamish River. It was named for General Frederick Tracy Dent, the brother-in-law of Ulysses S. Grant.
Previously the land had been occupied by the Duwamish tribe, but had been partially vacated after the signing of the Point Elliot Treaty in 1855.
Today, the site is occupied by Fort Dent Park and the Starfire Sports Complex, with fields for softball, soccer, and occasionally rugby union games, as well as a 4,500 seat soccer stadium. It became a park of King County, Washington, in 1968, and in 2003 was acquired by the City of Tukwila, its current owner. The non-profit Starfire Sports operates the sports complex on the site under a 40-year agreement with the city
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# Red Wing station
**Red Wing station** is a Amtrak train station in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States. It is served by the daily round trips of the `{{lnl|Amtrak|Borealis}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{lnl|Amtrak|Empire Builder}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Description
The station is located at 420 Levee Street on the bank of the Mississippi River, south of the Levee Park and just across the river from Wisconsin. (Although the river lies northwest of the station, the depot is located on the west bank of the Mississippi.) The station is easily accessible from Main Street, via Broad Street, and is within one block of downtown Red Wing. There is an enclosed waiting room (with restrooms) available daily from 8:00 am to 9:45 pm, with a caretaker opening and closing the depot. No other services are provided at the station (i.e., baggage, lounge, telephone, ticketing, etc.). The tracks and platform of the station are owned by the Soo Line Railroad (a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Kansas City), while the depot building and parking lot are owned by the Red Wing Area Fund (also known as the Red Wing Property Conservation Fund).
## History
The depot was originally built by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (Milwaukee Road). The depot building also houses Red Wing Arts which features an art gallery and gift shop.
A plaque on the building states, \"The construction of this building began in 1904 following an agreement in which the city of Red Wing provided trackage concessions and the railroad agreed to construct this depot and donate money toward construction of Levee Park. This building was designed by the railroad company architect, J.M. Nettenstrom, in a style influenced by the neoclassical revival of the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition.\" The building is a contributing property to the Red Wing Mall Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places.
service began on May 21, 2024
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
The American football team Atlanta Falcons was founded in Atlanta, Georgia in 1965 and joined the NFL Eastern Conference, with Norb Hecker as coach. They soon moved to the NFC West division, and in 2002 to NFC South. Their home stadiums have been the Atlanta--Fulton County Stadium (1966--1991), the Georgia Dome (1992--2016), and Mercedes-Benz Stadium (since 2017).
The Falcons had little success at first and did not qualify for the postseason playoffs until 1978. They were NFC West champions in 1980 and 1998, and in 1998 played in the Super Bowl XXXIII match, losing to Denver Broncos.
The decade of the 2000s featured star player Michael Vick and was marred by criminal charges against him. Falcons finished top of NFC South in 2004, 2010 and 2012, and reached Super Bowl LI in 2016, where they lost to the New England Patriots.
## 1965--1969
The Atlanta Falcons franchise began when it was approved to begin play in 1966 by a unanimous vote of the NFL club owners on June 21, 1965. NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle granted ownership nine days later on June 30 to Rankin M. Smith Sr., the executive vice president of Life Insurance Company of Georgia. The name **Falcons** was suggested by Julia Elliott (1909--1990), a high school teacher from Griffin, Georgia who won a contest in 1965. Though 40 other contestants had also suggested the name, Elliott wrote in an essay, \"The falcon is proud and dignified, with great courage and fight. It never drops its prey. It\'s deadly and has a great sporting tradition.\" Among the many suggested names were the Knights, Bombers, Rebels, Crackers, Confederates, Thrashers (which would later be the name of the city\'s second NHL team), Lancers, Firebirds, Fireballs, and Thunderbirds.\"
Rankin M. Smith Sr. would draft Tommy Nobis, LB, University of Texas with the first pick of the 1966 NFL draft held on November 27, 1965, making him the first ever Falcon. Early speculation on the team\'s first head coach focused on a host of tutors: former University of Oklahoma head coach Bud Wilkinson; University of Arkansas head coach Frank Broyles; former San Francisco 49ers head coach Red Hickey; and former Cleveland Browns head coach Paul Brown; and Green Bay Packers head coach Vince Lombardi were all considered or courted. In the end, Smith selected Lombardi\'s assistant Norb Hecker on January 26, 1966.
The Atlanta Falcons began their first NFL season in the NFL Eastern Conference, playing a \"swing schedule\", consisting of playing every other team once, in order to make up for the disparity of an odd number of teams. Their first game (preseason) was on August 1, 1966, against the Philadelphia Eagles before a crowd of 26,072 at the Atlanta Stadium. The Falcons would lose against the Eagles and would lose their first nine games in the regular season before finally getting their first franchise win on the road against the New York Giants, 27--16. Former Giant Ernie Wheelwright scored two touchdowns receiving and ran for 51 more yards as QB Randy Johnson hit for a trio of TD\'s. Their first ever home victory was against the St. Louis Cardinals, 16--10 to a crowd of 57,169. The Falcons ended their inaugural season at 3--11, yet Nobis won the NFL Rookie of the Year Award and became the first Falcon named to the Pro Bowl.
The 1967 season was no better as the Falcons exited their second season with only 1 win and a 1--12--1 season. After a dreadful 0--3 start in the 1968 season, Norm Van Brocklin, formerly head coach of the Minnesota Vikings, was named to replace Norb Hecker on October 1. Two weeks later, his Falcons beat New York 24--21, in the first meeting between Van Brocklin and his former QB, Fran Tarkenton. Despite the win, the Falcons would still finish with an abysmal 2--12 record. Although the first three seasons for the Falcons were dreadful, the Falcons turned things around in 1969. On September 21, the Falcons won their first season opener ever, beating the San Francisco 49ers, 24--12, before their home fans. Rookie tight end Jim Mitchell scored two TDs and the Falcons set a team record with 229 yards rushing. On December 7, Harmon Wages threw for a TD in the first quarter (16 yards to Paul Flatley), caught a pass for a TD in the second quarter (88 yards), and then ran for a TD in the fourth quarter (66 yards) in a 45--17 rout of the Saints. The Falcons finished the year with a vastly improved 6--8 record.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 1970s
The Falcons would have their first *Monday Night Football* game in Atlanta during the 1970 season on November 30, when they played the Miami Dolphins. The Falcons would end up losing 20--7 in front of an audience of 30 million TV viewers. The Falcons would end up going 4--8--2 for the 1970 season. Atlanta would have their first winning season in 1971. On November 22, the Falcons won their first nationally televised game with a 28--21 triumph over the Green Bay Packers in Atlanta. The Falcons would enter their final game of the season in New Orleans on December 19 with a 6--6--1 record, needing to beat the Saints to have their first winning record. The Falcons beat New Orleans, 24--20, with 40 seconds left in the game. The victory gave the Falcons a then-franchise best 7--6--1 record. In 1972, the Falcons finished 7-7.
The Falcons opened the 1973 season against New Orleans, smashing 35 team records en route to a 62--7 victory on September 16. Despite opening the season with a huge win, the Falcons would only manage to score 15 total points in the next 3 games, all of which they lost. The Falcons came back and won 7 in a row, including a victory against the unbeaten Vikings, 20--14, on November 19 before a national television audience. Dave Hampton once again barely missed the 1,000 yard mark for the season. The Falcons finished 9--5 for their best record ever up to that point, but lost out on the playoffs by one game.
1974 saw the Falcons collapse to a 3--11 record.
In 1975, with the first pick in the NFL draft, the club selected quarterback Steve Bartkowski of the University of California. The Falcons finished the year with a 4--10 record, but Dave Hampton finally broke the 1,000 yard mark (1,002) in a 22--13 loss to the Green Bay Packers. Bartkowski would continue to struggle in 1976, throwing only 2 TDs while being picked off 9 times. Bartkowski was then replaced by Kim McQuilken, who fared no better, throwing 9 interceptions in three games. Because of the abysmal season, Coach Marion Campbell resigned. Pat Peppler would replace him, and the Falcons would go on to finish at 4--10. In 1977, former Redskins and Cowboys quarterback Eddie LeBaron was named general manager, and Leeman Bennett became the fifth head coach in club history. The following season, the Falcons\' \"Grits Blitz\" defense (led by defensive coordinator Jerry Glanville) set an NFL record for the fewest points allowed in a 14-game season, with 129. They also set the record for the fewest points allowed per game for the year with 9.2 (a mark that not even the 1985 Bears defense could match). However, due to the team\'s lackluster offense (which averaged less than 13 points per game), the Falcons finished with a 7--7 record.
### 1978 {#section_1}
Led by a strong defense, the team finished the 1978 season with a 9--7 record, qualifying for the postseason for the first time in franchise history. The season featured several dramatic comebacks, including two victories over rival New Orleans by identical 20-17 scores. In the playoffs, they met a team that didn\'t make the playoffs in a number of years, the Philadelphia Eagles. Despite falling behind 13--0, the Bartkowski-led Falcons came back to take a 14--13 lead, which held up after a chip-shot Eagles FG attempt sailed wide right with seconds remaining. Their next encounter would be with the heavily favored Dallas Cowboys. Despite knocking out Hall of Fame quarterback Roger Staubach and taking a 20--13 lead into halftime, the offense would only collect 85 net yards in the second half as the Cowboys, led by backup QB Danny White, came back and won 27--20. White would come back to haunt the Falcons yet again two years later.
### 1979 {#section_2}
The Falcons were unable to carry the previous year\'s momentum into 1979, though, finishing 6--10. Records were broken for the season by William Andrews with 1,023 rushing yards, by Wallace Francis with 74 catches for 1,013 receiving yards, and by Steve Bartkowski with 2,502 passing yards (203 completions out of 379 attempts).
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 1980s {#s_1}
1980 was a successful season for the Falcons, as they finished 12--4. While the season started at 3--3, Atlanta went on to record a 9-game winning streak. Bartkowski threw for three touchdowns on December 14 as the Falcons defeated the San Francisco 49ers, 35--10 to win their first-ever NFC West division title. In the Divisional Playoffs, the Falcons lost to the Dallas Cowboys, 30--27, as the Cowboys rallied for 20 points in Atlanta before a then-record crowd of 59,793, including a game-winning touchdown pass from Danny White to Drew Pearson with less than a minute to play. This loss is widely cited as one of the most devastating losses in Atlanta sports history (even more so than the Super Bowl loss to Denver in 1998), as many fans and the team itself took almost a decade to recover.
The 1981 season was plagued with injuries as the Falcons lost 3 key starters for the season. The Falcons would lose six games by less than a touchdown and finish with a 7--9 record.
In the strike-shortened 1982 season, the Falcons finished 5-4 and returned to the (expanded) playoffs, but lost to Minnesota 30--24 in the first round. In 1983, the Falcons finished 7--9.
In 1984, the Falcons suffered a huge loss when RB William Andrews suffered a career-threatening knee injury on the last day of training camp. He would be sidelined for 2 years before returning for the 1986 season, only to retire soon after. Gerald Riggs would replace him in the lineup, as Riggs was a bright spot in amassing over 3,000 yards and 23 touchdowns in those two seasons. However, the Falcons would finish with back-to-back 4--12 records for the 1984 and 1985 campaigns. After an average 7--8--1 season in 1986, where David Archer succeeded Steve Bartkowski as starting QB, head coach Dan Henning was dumped and replaced by Marion Campbell.
In 1987, Campbell did nothing to reverse the Falcons losing and they would finish their season with a 3--12 record, including losing 9 out of their last 10 games upon their return from the strike of that season. The 1988 season would also be awful as the Falcons would finish with a 5--11 season.
1988 would start with Atlanta drafting first overall, a pick they used to select Auburn linebacker Aundray Bruce, most notably bypassing perennial All-Pro DE Neil Smith, who went second overall to the Kansas City Chiefs. Settling in with 1987\'s first round selection Chris Miller as their new starting QB, Atlanta proceeded to lose seven out of their first 8 games. The Falcons were able to salvage their season somewhat with a stretch where they won 4 games out of 5, including a road win over the playoff-bound Eagles, but lost their last 3 games to finish 5--11 for the season.
In 1989, Atlanta\'s top draft pick (fifth overall) was a flamboyant All-American defensive back from Florida State named Deion Sanders who was as good at cultivating his \"Prime Time\" image as he was at intercepting passes and returning kicks. In drafting Sanders, it gave the Falcons something they had been sorely lacking since the departure of Bartkowski and the diminishing role of Gerald Riggs; an immediately identifiable franchise player. However, Sanders and the Falcons ended up in a contract dispute that lasted until the week leading up to the first game of the regular season as Sanders, among other things, used his standing as a prospect as an outfielder for the New York Yankees as negotiating leverage. Upon finally agreeing to terms, Sanders only practiced the Friday before the game and participated in the Saturday walk-through, put on the football pads for the first time in seven months in the season opener vs. the Rams and returned a punt 68 yards for a touchdown, making him the only modern-day athlete to hit a home run and score a touchdown in the same week (he had only left the Yankees a few days prior). However, the Falcons were unable to win many games, and in response Coach Marion Campbell resigned and replaced by Jim Hanifan on an interim basis. The Falcons would go on to a 3--13 record.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 1990s {#s_2}
Their next head coach was former Oilers coach Jerry Glanville. Coinciding with Glanville\'s hiring and his \"man in black\" image, the Falcons altered their uniforms from their traditional red jersey/red helmet uniform to an all-black motif, which would remain in place until 2003.
### 1990 {#section_3}
The Falcons would start the 1990 season with an impressive win against Glanville\'s former team, the Houston Oilers, 47--27. The Falcons began the season 2--2, but their season took a turn for the worse after losing a 45--35 shootout to the defending champion 49ers (who they had played tough on the road a few weeks prior). Joe Montana torched the blitz-happy Falcons for 6 touchdown passes, and after that game Atlanta would lose 8 out of their next 9, pausing only to beat Glanville\'s former division rival Cincinnati before winning their last two games to finish at 5--11.
On October 28, Atlanta-based Turner Network Television, a subsidiary of the Turner Broadcasting System, did its first NFL game not only involving the Falcons, but also played in Atlanta. Mentions were made of these connections during the broadcast as the Falcons beat the Cincinnati Bengals 38--17.
### 1991 {#section_4}
The 1991 team, also known as the \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" Falcons, as they appropriated the song by MC Hammer as their team theme song after several Falcons appeared in the accompanying music video. Hammer himself would make several appearances on the Falcons sideline during the season. Atlanta made the playoffs as the sixth seed with a 10--6 record, snapping a streak of eight consecutive losing seasons. Notable personalities on this team were CB Deion Sanders, WR Andre Rison, and CB Tim McKyer, a talented but brash player who had quickly worn out his welcome with the Miami Dolphins the year prior but emerged as a leader for Atlanta. Also new to the team was QB Brett Favre, drafted from Southern Mississippi during the off-season. Atlanta tied the San Francisco 49ers with a 10--6 record, but made it over them due to a Billy Joe Tolliver Hail Mary earlier that year. The Falcons made it to the second round of the playoffs by beating the New Orleans Saints at the Louisiana Superdome (27--20). The next week, they lost a rain-soaked blowout to the eventual Super Bowl champion Washington Redskins 24--7.
### 1992 {#section_5}
In 1992, the Falcons would move from the Atlanta--Fulton County Stadium to the Georgia Dome and finish with a 6--10 record. In the off-season, the team traded Brett Favre to the Green Bay Packers in exchange for a first-round draft pick.
### 1993 {#section_6}
For the 1993 season, Deion Sanders continued to be the star player of the Atlanta Falcons, picking off 7 passes while shutting down some of the league\'s top receivers. Despite Sanders\'s amazing performance, the Falcons finished once again with a 6--10 record. After the season coach Jerry Glanville was fired and replaced by June Jones.
TNT did a game from the Georgia Dome for the first time on October 17, as the Falcons beat the Rams 30--24.
### 1994 {#section_7}
The Falcons would lose Sanders to free agency in 1994, and they would also acquire QB Jeff George, who had managed to wear out his welcome in Indianapolis after being four seasons removed from being picked #1 overall in 1990. With these changes, the Falcons mildly improved to a 7--9 record.
### 1995 {#section_8}
The next year, with Jones\'s run and shoot offense firmly in place, George had a then-career season. In the final game of the 1995 season, the Falcons come from behind to beat the San Francisco 49ers 28--27 to secure a playoff spot. They would lose to the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field 37--20.
### 1996 {#section_9}
The Falcons would follow up their playoff appearance with a 3--13 record in 1996, in a season best-remembered for an argument caught on camera during a Sunday Night game between George and June Jones. George was benched after the incident, and both were gone by the end of the season.
### 1997 {#section_10}
Jones would be replaced by former Broncos Coach (and Georgia native) Dan Reeves, who would lead the Falcons to a 7--9 record in 1997. Rankin Smith died at the age of 72 on the eve of a Sunday Night game against Carolina. This game aired on TNT, part of Time Warner\'s Turner Broadcasting System - which is based in Atlanta. In fact, this is the last NFL game aired on TNT to date.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 1990s {#s_2}
### 1998 {#section_11}
In the greatest season in franchise history to date, the 1998 Falcons shocked the league by posting a 14--2 regular season record and qualifying for Super Bowl XXXIII by upsetting the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship Game.
Featuring a balanced offense led by Pro Bowlers Chris Chandler and Jamal Anderson, as well as an aggressive and opportunistic defense, the Falcons sprinted to a promising 6--2 start. To that point, however, the team\'s success was generally regarded as a fluke, given the franchise\'s history, a weak schedule, and blowout road losses to two contending teams, the San Francisco 49ers and the New York Jets.
On November 8, 1998, the NFL finally began to take notice when the Falcons traveled to Foxboro Stadium and defeated the Patriots 41--10, at the same time snapping a streak of 22 consecutive losses at cold-weather sites in November and December that had dated back to 1982. It was in this game that TE O. J. Santiago introduced the famous \"Dirty Bird\" dance that became the team\'s trademark endzone celebration for that season.
The win at Foxboro significantly raised the team\'s profile before a week 11 confrontation with the hated San Francisco 49ers, from whom the Falcons had received some of their most embarrassing losses to throughout their history. Atlanta earned a 31--19 win over the 49ers before a packed Georgia Dome.
The Falcons won their final six games of the season, including a 24--17 week 16 triumph over the Detroit Lions which clinched Atlanta\'s first division title since 1980.
A major distraction hit Atlanta the day after a road win over the Saints, in the form of a quadruple-bypass heart surgery that their head coach Dan Reeves required. Assistant coach and former Rams head coach Rich Brooks would temporarily handle head coaching duties in Reeves\'s absence, winning both of their last two games of the season.
The Falcons entered the 1998 playoffs as the #2 seed in the NFC, becoming the first 14-win team not to receive home field advantage throughout the playoffs. However, they did receive a bye into the divisional round.
Three weeks after his surgery and two weeks after being re-admitted to the hospital due to an accelerated heartbeat, Reeves returned to work full-time and would return to the sideline for their division-round showdown with the 49ers, who were coming off of a comeback victory over the Green Bay Packers. The Dome was again filled to capacity as the Falcons charged to a 10-0 first half lead and held on for 20--18 victory, advancing to their first NFC Championship game in franchise history.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 1990s {#s_2}
### 1998 {#section_11}
#### 1998 NFC Championship game {#nfc_championship_game}
Next was a journey to the Metrodome and a January 17 date with the league\'s most feared offense, the top-seeded Minnesota Vikings. The then highest scoring team in NFL history, the 1998 Vikings wielded an explosive, record-setting passing attack powered by Randall Cunningham and Minnesota\'s deadly trio of wide receivers Randy Moss, Jake Reed, and Cris Carter, and finished the regular season 15--1. Despite Atlanta\'s impressive 14--2 regular season, they were heavy underdogs heading into Minnesota, with few pundits believing they could keep the game close, and virtually none predicting a win.
The Falcons\' offense prepared all week for the deafening cacophony of the Metrodome, and promptly opened the game with a touchdown drive that quieted the crowd and propelled the team to an early 7--0 lead. However, the Vikings responded with a 5-play, 80-yard touchdown drive of their own. Minnesota would proceed to tally 20 unanswered points in the first half, pressing the Falcons against the ropes with a 20--7 lead.
The pivotal moment in the contest came with 1:17 left in the first half. The Vikings had just taken over from a punt on their own 18. High on a dominating first half, they chose to throw the ball in an attempt to put the game away before halftime. Opting for three consecutive downfield passes, Minnesota was dumbfounded when DE Chuck Smith managed to beat Todd Steussie on 3rd down to force a Randall Cunningham fumble. The Falcons recovered on the Minnesota 14 and cashed in with a Chandler to Terance Mathis touchdown on the next play, mending the rift to a more manageable 20--14 going into the break.
In the second half and with the momentum completely reversed the Falcons scored the only points of the 3rd quarter on a 27-yard Morten Andersen field goal to make the score 20--17. The Vikings responded, converting three third downs in a 15-play, 82-yard drive, and posting their only points of the second half on a Cunningham to Matthew Hatchette touchdown pass 1:19 into the fourth quarter. The Falcons countered with another field goal set up by a 70-yard strike from Chandler to Mathis. The score was 27--20 with 11:02 remaining.
From here, the teams exchanged possessions twice. The clock running dry, Minnesota managed to break through on what appeared to be a game-clinching 55-yard drive to the Atlanta 21. Stopped on 3rd down with 2:07 left, the Vikings summoned Pro Bowl kicker Gary Anderson, who had made NFL history that season by converting all 39 of his field goal attempts. However, Anderson\'s 38 yard boot hooked wide left which left the Falcons still alive and the Vikings and the Metrodome faithful perplexed by a foreboding change in momentum. That momentum would spark the most important drive in franchise history.
The Falcons had the ball and two minutes to span the 71 yards separating them from an improbable comeback. In perhaps the finest moment of his injury-prone and inconsistent career, QB Chris Chandler directed an 8 play drive, concluding with a 16-yard touchdown pass to Terance Mathis with 49 seconds left. Nonplussed, and squeamish from the disaster at the end of the first half, Minnesota coach Dennis Green then chose to run out the clock and try his chances in overtime.
The crowd, which had been collectively eviscerated by the Anderson miss and Chandler\'s subsequent heroics, quickly took heart as the Vikings won the overtime coin flip. The celebrated Minnesota offense would decide its own fate.
The game became a struggle for field position in the early part of the period, as both teams failed to break the 50-yard line on their initial possession. The Vikings\' second possession stalled at their own 39, a 52-yard Mitch Berger punt subsequently pinning Atlanta deep in its own territory.
Beached at their own 9, the Falcon offense mounted a final frantic charge. Led once again by the clutch passing of Chandler, Atlanta surged 70 yards in a breakneck 10-play drive, encountering only a single 3rd down which came on the final play of the game. After centering the ball on a 2-yard Jamal Anderson rush to the Minnesota 21, the Falcons tapped kicker Morten Andersen for the game-winning field goal. The Metrodome waxed breathless as Andersen split the uprights from 38 yards, vaulting the Falcons to the win and sending them to the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history. It also set off one of the biggest celebrations in the city\'s history as thousands packed Hartsfield--Jackson Atlanta International Airport upon their arrival in town later that night and thousands more swamped the highways during their convoy to team headquarters.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 1990s {#s_2}
### 1998 {#section_11}
#### Super Bowl XXXIII {#super_bowl_xxxiii}
In the two-week interval between the NFC Championship game and Super Bowl XXXIII, media attention was focused mostly upon the Falcons\' opponent, the Denver Broncos, their retiring quarterback John Elway, and former Denver coach Dan Reeves\'s relationship with Elway, which was at times contentious during his tenure as Broncos coach. Falcons Pro Bowl CB Ray Buchanan also jokingly guaranteed a win to a reporter, with this statement being blown out of proportion by the overzealous media. Days later, Buchanan attracted further attention when he greeted the media wearing a dog collar to represent the Falcons\' status as `{{frac|8|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} point underdogs.
The biggest story for either team broke the night before the game. Falcons Pro Bowl free safety Eugene Robinson, who had just that morning received the Bart Starr Award for his \"high moral character,\" was arrested for soliciting an undercover police officer \$40 for oral sex on Biscayne Boulevard in downtown Miami. Robinson would play in the game, but he would turn out to be a liability, blowing a coverage on a key play in the first half, and missing a tackle that resulted in a fourth-quarter touchdown.
Super Bowl XXXIII was an exciting and novel event for Falcons fans and players, but was a disappointing end to what had theretofore been a dream season. The Falcons offense moved the ball consistently on the Broncos throughout the game, but had several mishaps within Denver territory, allowing the Broncos offense to deliberately pick apart the Atlanta defense and pull away to a 17--3 lead in the first half. A Morten Andersen field goal brought the Falcons within 17--6 going into halftime, but the second half was punctuated by two key interceptions thrown by the normally surehanded Chris Chandler, which allowed the Broncos to pull away to a 31--6 lead. By the end of the game, the Falcons had driven within the Broncos 30-yard line seven times, yet had only managed to score 13 points with 5 turnovers. The Falcons scored two late touchdowns, one on a 94-yard kickoff return by Tim Dwight, to make the score a more respectable final of 34--19.
Despite the embarrassing finish, the 1998 Falcons are the most celebrated team in franchise history. That year, the Falcons set franchise records for wins (14) and points scored (442), with RB Jamal Anderson breaking the NFL record for carries in a season (410) and the team record for rushing yards (1,846). The team also sent six players to the Pro Bowl, the second highest total in team history. Atlanta was also the first dome team in league history to make the Super Bowl.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 1990s {#s_2}
### 1999--2000 {#section_12}
After the adrenaline rush of the 1998 season, Atlanta football would cool down when RB Jamal Anderson endured an early season-ending torn ACL injury. The team tumbled to a 5--11 record in 1999, and an even worse 4--12 record in 2000.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 2000--06 {#section_13}
### 2001 {#section_14}
In the 2001 NFL draft, the Falcons orchestrated a trade with the San Diego Chargers to attain the #1 overall draft pick with which they chose the electrifying sophomore quarterback Michael Vick out of Virginia Tech. The Chargers used the #5 pick to acquire running back LaDainian Tomlinson. The Falcons chose to keep veteran quarterback Chris Chandler as the starter to allow Vick some time to learn the system. The team finished the year with a 7--9 record and missed the playoffs.
### 2002 {#section_15}
Starting this season, the Falcons became part of the NFC South division, after 30+ seasons in the geographically inaccurate NFC West.
Vick became the full-time starting quarterback in 2002. That year, the Falcons recorded an NFL-best eight-game unbeaten streak (7--0--1). During the streak, they recorded huge victories over division rivals the New Orleans Saints, who started the year 6--1, and the Carolina Panthers (two shutout victories, 30--0 and 41--0). They also overcame a 17-point deficit in the fourth quarter to force a 34--34 tie with the Pittsburgh Steelers en route to a 9--6--1 record and a trip to the playoffs. Also during the season, Vick set records for both the most rushing yards in a game by a quarterback and longest run by a quarterback, showing that the skills he had shown in his college career at Virginia Tech were not a fake. They immediately scored a major upset on January 4, 2003, by becoming the first road team in NFL history to defeat the Green Bay Packers in a playoff game at Lambeau Field, winning 27--7. Their season would end the next week in Philadelphia as the Philadelphia Eagles won, 20--6.
### 2003 {#section_16}
As things were looking up, disaster struck swiftly in the next season. During the 2003 preseason against the Baltimore Ravens, Vick broke his leg and was forced to miss the first twelve games of the season. Without him, the Falcons were crippled and they suffered through a 5--11 season, despite Vick going 3--1 as starter at the end of the season. With three games left in the season, head coach Dan Reeves was fired and defensive coordinator Wade Phillips was named his replacement on an interim basis. The Falcons drafted Virginia Tech cornerback DeAngelo Hall with the eighth pick in the 2004 NFL draft.
In 2003, the Falcons unveiled a new logo and uniforms.
### 2004 {#section_17}
In 2004, with the Falcons being buoyed by the return of Michael Vick and energized by their new head coach Jim L. Mora, they would go 11--5 and easily win the NFC South. Having a first round bye, the Falcons would face the St. Louis Rams in the divisional round, who had shut them out 36--0 the previous year on national television. Buoyed by a team record-324 yards rushing and over 150 punt return yardage by Allen Rossum they advanced to the NFC Championship game by embarrassing the Rams 47--17. However, in their second NFC title game appearance, they were denied another trip to the Super Bowl, as they lost to the Philadelphia Eagles, 27--10. After the season, Vick signed a 10-year, \$130 million contract with a \$37 million signing bonus---the richest contract in NFL history at the time.
### 2005 {#section_18}
During the 2005 season the Falcons started 6--2, but injuries on defense caused them to finish the second half 2--6. Bright spots included the Falcons ending their *Monday Night Football* jinx by going 3--0, and on Thursday, November 24, the Falcons played on Thanksgiving Day for the first time in franchise history, beating the Detroit Lions 27--7. On the next-to-last game of the regular season, the Falcons were eliminated from playoff contention with a 27--24 overtime loss against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Falcons finished 8--8 and once again failed to attain back-to-back winning seasons.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## 2000--06 {#section_13}
### 2006 {#section_19}
The Falcons started this season successfully with two wins against the Carolina Panthers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but lost to the New Orleans Saints on *Monday Night Football*, giving them a record of 2--1. The next week, the team came back and won their game against the Arizona Cardinals 32--10, with Jerious Norwood, a rookie running back from Mississippi State University, running for over 100 yards and Morten Andersen hitting all 5 of his field goals. Andersen, one of the most prolific kickers in NFL history and a member of the 1998 Super Bowl team, had been re-signed by the club September 19, ending punter Michael Koenen\'s audition as the sole kicker on the team (Koenen continued to placekick in long-yardage situations).
The next week, the team had a bye and prepared to face the New York Giants. The Falcons would lose to the Giants 27--14. The only bright spot of the game was a 90-yard 3rd-quarter touchdown run by Warrick Dunn, the longest touchdown run in Atlanta Falcons history.
The Atlanta Falcons hoped to bounce back the next week against the Pittsburgh Steelers, and they did so with a huge game. In a shootout rivaling the following week\'s Indianapolis Colts-Denver Broncos game, the Falcons beat the Steelers 41--38 in overtime as Morten Andersen kicked a game-winning 32-yard field goal. Falcons quarterback Michael Vick had a career-high 4 touchdown passes, including 3 to star tight tend Alge Crumpler. Both teams combined for 9 touchdown passes and 872 yards of total offense. With the win, the Falcons improved to 4--2.
In week 8, the Falcons defeated the Cincinnati Bengals 29--27. Vick showed that the previous game was no fluke, going 19 of 27 for 291 yards and three touchdowns, as well as scrambling for 55 yards. A third-quarter touchdown pass to third-checkdown receiver, fullback Justin Griffith, chilled defensive coordinators league-wide and thrilled Falcons fans, as Vick demonstrated field awareness, patience, elusiveness, and precision passing under pressure.
The 5--2 Falcons next traveled to Ford Field in Detroit to face the Detroit Lions, where they fell to 5--3. The Falcons suffered a similar fate to both the Cleveland Browns and the Baltimore Ravens bringing their record to an even 5--5 on the season. The Falcons suffered another loss to the New Orleans Saints on November 26 (31--13) to cause their record for the season drop to 5--6, but more importantly to let their losing streak continue on to 4 games. The next week they defeated the Washington Redskins in an away game with a score of 24--14. In that game the Falcons were down 14--0 but came back and scored 24 unanswered points to win the game. A 69-yard run for a touchdown by rookie Jerious Norwood helped seal the victory. The next week, the Falcons beat the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, keeping hopes alive for a playoff berth. However, they then lost their next two games, against the Dallas Cowboys and the Carolina Panthers.
Even with a 7--8 record, the Falcons were not eliminated from the playoffs until, in week 17, the New York Giants beat the Washington Redskins. The Falcons\' last game was a meaningless loss to a second-string Philadelphia Eagles team, sealing their record for the season at a losing 7--9. The next day (January 1, 2007), the Falcons fired their head coach, Jim L. Mora; he was replaced by Louisville head coach Bobby Petrino on January 7.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## Vick suspended (2007); Matt Ryan era (2008-2021) {#vick_suspended_2007_matt_ryan_era_2008_2021}
### 2007 {#section_20}
The Falcons spent most of the 2007 season trying to overcome the controversy surrounding Vick and his involvement in an illegal dog fighting ring. Under considerable pressure, the NFL barred Vick from attending training camp pending its own investigation into the matter. For all intents and purposes, the Falcons\' season effectively ended when Vick was arraigned on federal dog fighting charges on July 26. The terms of his bail barred him from leaving Virginia for any reason before the November 26 trial. With Vick\'s absence, journeyman quarterbacks Joey Harrington and Byron Leftwich were used to plug the hole at quarterback. Vick pleaded guilty on August 20; on the same day the NFL suspended him indefinitely. The Falcons are trying to recover part of his signing bonus, based on evidence he used it to fund the gambling side of the dog fighting operation. Blank later stated that while he felt Vick should be allowed back into the NFL, he will probably not play another down for the Falcons again.
Petrino had revamped the offense in hopes of making Vick a more complete quarterback. However, with Vick on the sidelines, Petrino\'s game plan didn\'t seem to fit on the field or in the locker room, with veteran players Alge Crumpler and DeAngelo Hall voicing their displeasure. Petrino later resigned just 13 games into the season to coach the Arkansas Razorbacks. Petrino resigned the day after Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison and also a day after Petrino coached the Falcons in a 34--14 loss to the New Orleans Saints on *Monday Night Football*.
Without Vick, the Falcons appeared to be a rudderless team. They finished their troubled 2007 season with a 44--41 victory over the Seattle Seahawks, ending the year at 4--12. The offseason brought change to the team\'s front office, as Thomas Dimitroff was hired to replace Rich McKay at the general manager position.
### 2008--2015 {#section_21}
2008
On January 23, 2008, Jacksonville Jaguars defensive coach Mike Smith was named the Falcons\' new head coach. Matt Ryan, a quarterback from Boston College, was drafted third overall to be the new face of the franchise. Free agent Michael Turner was also acquired to help in the run game. Defying expectations, the Falcons managed an 11--5 season in 2008 and earned a wild card playoff berth. They did not get beyond that however, as they lost a 30-24 match against the eventual NFC champion Arizona Cardinals.
2009
In 2009, the Falcons suffered numerous devastating injuries to defensive players and to Turner (ankle) and Ryan (toe). The Week 13 game against the Philadelphia Eagles saw Michael Vick return to play his former team, in which he scored two touchdowns, one passing and one rushing. Atlanta was very nearly shut out, but in the closing seconds of the game scored a touchdown and brought the final score to 34--7. The following week, the team lost a close match against the eventual Super Bowl XLIV champion New Orleans Saints, which mathematically excluded them from the playoffs. Nonetheless, Atlanta managed to win their final three games and end the year with a 9--7 record, the first time in its history the team achieved back-to-back winning seasons.
2010
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## Vick suspended (2007); Matt Ryan era (2008-2021) {#vick_suspended_2007_matt_ryan_era_2008_2021}
### 2008--2015 {#section_21}
The Falcons lost their 2010 opener to the eventual AFC champion Pittsburgh Steelers before crushing the Arizona Cardinals at home in Week 2. Atlanta then played its first divisional match of the season against the defending Super Bowl XLIV champion New Orleans Saints. In a closely fought game, the Falcons beat the Saints 27--24 with two minutes left in overtime. Then followed a 16--14 win over the struggling San Francisco 49ers. After games with the Cleveland Browns (a 20--10 win) and the Philadelphia Eagles (a 31--17 loss), they won a key division match against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 9 to claim a lead in the NFC South, putting them at 6--2 at the halfway point of their season. In the 2010 *Thursday Night Football* opener, the Falcons donned throwback uniforms and defeated the Baltimore Ravens 26--21 in a highly anticipated match-up of 6--2 teams, and the first meeting of the top two quarterback picks of the 2008 draft, in Ryan and Joe Flacco. Ryan set career highs for attempts and completions, going 32 for 50, and clinching the Falcons\' first 7--2 record since the 1998 Super Bowl season. The Falcons secured their third straight winning season, a franchise first, with a win over the St. Louis Rams (34--17), and a victory in a highly anticipated game with the Green Bay Packers (20--17), which was a close game all the way up to the end, when kicker Matt Bryant sealed the game with a 47-yard field goal with 13 seconds on the clock, bringing the Falcons to an NFC-best 9--2 record. The next week the Falcons defeated their divisional rivals, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 28--24, improving their record to an NFC best 10--2. Week 14 saw the first of two late-season matchups with the struggling Carolina Panthers. The Falcons got up 14-0 early in the game and went on to cruise to a 31--10 victory, raising their record to an NFC-best 11--2. Week 15 took the Falcons to the Pacific Northwest against the Seattle Seahawks. After a quick start by the Seahawks, the Falcons took control with a key touchdown pass late in the first half and a fumble recovery for a touchdown on the Seahawks\' first possession of the second half to go up 24--10, eventually winning 34--18. The win (followed by a New York Giants loss) secured a playoff berth for the Falcons with two games left. With only one win needed in the final two games to clinch everything, Week 16 set up a Monday Night showdown with the defending Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints. A low-scoring affair ended with the Saints pulling out a 17--14 win. Week 17 brought in the struggling Carolina Panthers and an easy win for the Falcons, 31--10. The victory clinched the NFC South Division title (only their fourth division title in the team\'s history) and clinching home-field advantage in the playoffs by claiming the number one seed in the NFC. However, their season had a disappointing end, with the Falcons suffering a loss at home in the divisional round of the playoffs to the eventual Super Bowl XLV champion Green Bay Packers by a margin of 48--21.
2011
In 2011, Atlanta finished 10-6 and earned the fifth seed in the NFC playoffs. The Falcons failed to get out of the first round, however, as the eventual Super Bowl XLVI champion New York Giants defeated them 24--2, with Atlanta\'s only points coming off of a safety.
2012
In 2012, the Falcons won the NFC South and had the conference\'s best record at 13--3. Matt Ryan had the best season of his career, throwing for 4,719 yards and 32 touchdowns. Ryan directed an explosive passing attack featuring 1,000-yard receivers Roddy White (1,351 yards) and Julio Jones (1,198 yards), and future Hall of Fame tight end Tony Gonzalez, who led the Falcons with 93 receptions. In the playoffs, Atlanta narrowly defeated the Seattle Seahawks 30--28 in the divisional round after blowing a 27--7 3rd-quarter lead. The Seahawks took a 28--27 lead with 31 seconds left, but Ryan quickly led the Falcons downfield to set up Matt Bryant\'s game-winning 49-yard field goal with 8 seconds remaining. Atlanta would go on to host the NFC Championship Game and face the San Francisco 49ers. Just like the week before, the Falcons jumped out to an early lead (17--0) and could not hold onto it. This time, they lost 28--24.
2013
In 2013, Atlanta slipped to a 4--12 record, their first losing season since 2007. Injuries were also the story of the 2013 season. This was Tony Gonzalez\' last year in the NFL.
2014
In 2014, Atlanta improved by two games, and thanks to an extremely weak division, remained in playoff contention until the final week of the season, when their divisional rival, the Carolina Panthers, defeated them 34--3. The Falcons\' final record that season was 6--10. After the season, Mike Smith was fired and replaced by Dan Quinn.
2015
The 2015 season marked the Falcons\' 50th season of play in the NFL. The Falcons got out to a fast start in 2015 with 5 straight victories before losing their first game to their archrivals, the New Orleans Saints on the road on *Thursday Night Football*. They bounced back to defeat the Tennessee Titans but then went into a tailspin, losing six straight games before they finally defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 15. Then in Week 16, they scored a major upset by defeating the eventual NFC champion Carolina Panthers, who had beaten them 38-0 two weeks before, by the score of 20--13. This spoiled Carolina\'s chance at a perfect season. Sadly for the Falcons, they were eliminated from playoff contention for the third straight year after the Minnesota Vikings defeated the New York Giants later that day. They finished the regular season with a 20--17 loss at home to their archrivals, the New Orleans Saints, giving them a final record of 8-8.
### 2016: 28-3 {#section_22}
The 2016 season was the Falcons 25th and final season at the Georgia Dome. They finished with an 11--5 record, earning them a first-round bye in the playoffs. Matt Ryan was named NFL MVP after the season. After defeating the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round 36--20 and blowing out the Green Bay Packers 44--21 in the title game, the Falcons advanced to the Super Bowl for the first time in 18 years. Against the 14--2 Patriots, the Falcons started off strong, pulling away with a 28--3 lead nearing the end of the third quarter. However, Tom Brady and the Patriots mounted an incredible comeback, scoring 25 unanswered points to send the game into overtime for the first time in Super Bowl history. The Patriots received the ball in overtime, and drove down the field for the game-winning score, shocking the Falcons as they went home inches from the Lombardi Trophy.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## Vick suspended (2007); Matt Ryan era (2008-2021) {#vick_suspended_2007_matt_ryan_era_2008_2021}
### 2017--present
2017
After the Falcons\' heartbreaking Super Bowl loss the year before, the Falcons returned in 2017 for a second shot at the Lombardi Trophy. 2017 was also the opening of Mercedes-Benz Stadium, the new home for the Falcons. One of their regular season games was also against the Patriots in a game known as \"the Fog Bowl II.\" Overall, the Falcons finished 10--6, qualifying for a playoff spot despite being placed 3rd in the division. In the wild card round, the Falcons beat the 11--5 Los Angeles Rams 26--13. It was the first time in franchise history winning playoff games in back-to-back years. However, the Falcons season was stopped short the following week against the Eagles, 10--15.
2018
In 2018, the Atlanta Falcons were expected by many to be the first team to play the Super Bowl in their home stadium. However, injuries plagued the team throughout the season as they fell to 4--9 and, with a Vikings win the following week, were mathematically eliminated from postseason contention. However, the Falcons were able to win their final three games to finish 7--9.
2019
In the 2019 season, Atlanta wasn\'t ready to give up. Nevertheless, they suffered a six-game losing streak following a week 2 win over the Eagles. Their 1--7 start was the worst since 2003. However, after their bye week in week 9, the Falcons caught fire, winning six of their final eight games to equal their 7--9 record from the previous year. In their season finale against the Buccaneers, the Falcons finished the game with a pick-six seven seconds into overtime, marking the shortest overtime in NFL history.
2020
After their phenomenal finish at the end of last year\'s season, the Falcons expected to do really well this season. However, things took a turn for the worse as the Falcons started off with five straight losses, their first such start since 1997. Two of these losses (in back-to-back weeks) included fourth-quarter leads of 15+ blown by the Falcons. The Falcons ended up firing head coach Dan Quinn after a Week 5 loss to the Panthers. Interim head coach Raheem Morris led the team to a 4--2 record over their next six games before the Falcons lost their final five games to finish last in the NFC at 4--12. On January 15, 2021, the Falcons hired Arthur Smith to be their head coach for the season.
2021
For the first time since 2010, longtime receiver Julio Jones was not on the roster, as he was traded to the Tennessee Titans on June 6, 2021. The Falcons drafted tight end Kyle Pitts with the 4th overall pick in the 2021 NFL Draft. The Falcons improved on last year, ending the season at 7--10.
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# History of the Atlanta Falcons
## Post Matt Ryan era (2022-present) {#post_matt_ryan_era_2022_present}
2022
The upcoming 2022 season will be the Falcons\' first since 2007 that quarterback Matt Ryan will not be on the roster as he was traded to the Indianapolis Colts on March 21, 2022. The Falcons matched their record from last season at 7--10. One highlight is the fact that the Falcons have upset the NFC South champions Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the season finale to win their first and only game against Tom Brady.
2023
After a surprising 2--0 start, the Falcons not only fail to make the playoffs but would match their 7--10 record from the last 2 seasons. On January 8, 2024, head coach Arthur Smith was fired after 3 seasons.
2024
On January 25, 2024, the Falcons named Raheem Morris as their full time head coach after being the interim for the 2020 season
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# Alpha Motherfuckers
***Alpha Motherfuckers -- A Tribute to Turbonegro*** is a various artists tribute album featuring covers of the Norwegian band Turbonegro. The collection was assembled by Bitzcore label owner and worldwide Turbojugend president Jürgen \"El Presidente\" Goldschmitt after the label bought and began reissuing Turbonegro\'s music catalog. The album was released on 9 June 2001 in Germany through Bitzcore and on 18 June 2001 in the US through Hopeless. It was released later that year in Australia through Tilt.
The artists on the album range from major bands, including Queens of the Stone Age, HIM, Satyricon and Therapy?, to punk and hardcore bands, such as The Real McKenzies, The Dwarves and The Supersuckers, and lesser known Scandinavian artists. The covers were recorded between mid-2000 and May 2001.
The different editions of the album include a German limited first pressing that included a bonus disc of leftover covers; a US version that includes one bonus track from the German limited bonus disc; and an Australian version with an identitical tracklist to the later German editions
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# Gränsö Slott
**Gränsö Slott** (English: Gränsö Castle `{{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|r|æ|n|s|oʊ}}`{=mediawiki}) is a manor house located near Västervik in Kalmar County, Sweden. Today, Gränsö is operated as a resort.
## History
The original building consisted of a main hall made in wood, which was built in 1807 by Olof Johan Risselskiöld. The castle was extended many times during the 19th century.
In 1992, the castle was subject to an extensive renovation. In 1993, when the renovation was nearly finished, a devastating fire destroyed the whole building. The castle was rebuilt again in 1994, in only four months.
Today, the building is classified as a resort and is privately owned by Per Johansson. Prior to Johansson, Robert Fleetwood was the last owner, within whose family Gränsö had been inherited since 1886
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# Kevin Rose (footballer, born 1960)
**Kevin Rose** (born 23 November 1960) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Hereford United, Bolton Wanderers, Carlisle United and Rochdale as a goalkeeper. He holds the record of most consecutive appearances for Hereford United.
He started his career at hometown club Evesham United before moving to Worcester City. A loss of form and confidence saw Rose lose his place in the Worcester goal and his contract with them was cancelled by mutual consent in February 1979. The following month, Rose signed for Ledbury Town in the process becoming the club\'s first contracted player. His performances for Ledbury attracted the attention of several league clubs and shortly into the 1979--80 season, he was signed by Lincoln City for £10,000. Ledbury used the fee to erect floodlights at their New Street ground and Rose and Lincoln returned on 12 November 1979 to defeat Ledbury Town 4--1 in the inaugural match under the lights.
Rose failed to make the first team at Lincoln City and in September 1980 his contract was cancelled. After a second spell at Ledbury, and having a potential move to Worcester City rejected, he signed for Hereford United in January 1983. He was first choice keeper at Edgar Street, making 253 consecutive appearances in the mid-1980s although Hereford enjoyed little success in the Fourth Division.
In 1989, he joined Bolton Wanderers but only played 10 league matches in two seasons, and was loaned to Carlisle United and Rochdale. He joined the latter in 1991, and had a goal incorrectly disallowed in a match against Bury. He came up for a corner and his header crossed the line by a couple of yards. Not that it matter as Rochdale scored seconds later with Rose providing the assist.
He finished his career at Kidderminster Harriers and also played for the England semi-professional team
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# Turbaco
**Turbaco** is a municipality in the Bolívar Department of Colombia. It is located about 20 km southeast of Cartagena de Indias and is one of Bolívar\'s most organized municipalities. Turbaco is known for its famous \"Fiesta de Toros\" (Bulls\'s feast) in December to celebrate the new year. Currently, the municipality is undergoing major expansion plans and remodeling.
Juan de la Cosa was mortally wounded here in 1510, before Pedro de Heredia subjugated the area in 1533.
Antonio López de Santa Anna spent some of his exile years here, 1850--1853 and 1855--1857
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# Ma Gnucci
**Isabella Carmela Magdalena \"Ma\" Gnucci** is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is an enemy of the Punisher.
## Publication history {#publication_history}
Created by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon, the character made her first appearance in *The Punisher* Vol. 5, #4 (July 2000).
Ma was mentioned and heard (through devices such as telephones and intercoms) in the first three issues of *The Punisher* Vol. 5, and appeared in person in Issue #4; the character was present in the eight subsequent installment of the volume, and also played a part in the events of *Deadpool* Vol. 1, #54-55, and *Punisher War Zone* Vol. 2, #1-6.
Ma received entries in *Marvel Encyclopedia* #5, *All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe* #4, and *Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z* #4.
## Fictional character biography {#fictional_character_biography}
### Welcome Back, Frank {#welcome_back_frank}
When the Punisher resumes his war on crime in New York City, he announces his return by killing the three sons of Isabella \"Ma\" Gnucci, the head of New York\'s largest remaining Mafia family. Ma uses her influence and connections to have the NYPD create a \"Punisher Task Force\" (which, unbeknownst to Ma, is a sinecure consisting of only two people) while also having her consigliere hire three assassins to eliminate Punisher, who kills them, and then kills the consigliere. The Punisher follows this up by murdering Ma\'s brother and underboss Dino with a sniper rifle.
While tracking Ma and her bodyguards, the Punisher is spotted and chased into the Central Park Zoo, where he releases the captive animals as a distraction. Ma loses her scalp and all four of her limbs to a group of polar bears, but survives. Ten days after being mauled, Ma offers a reward of ten million dollars to anyone who can kill the Punisher. This leads to one of the Punisher\'s neighbors tipping Ma off to the vigilante\'s whereabouts, which prompts Ma to send the entire Gnucci family to kill him. The Punisher guns down the mobsters, but sustains injuries during the battle that leave him temporarily incapacitated. With the Punisher weakened, Ma hires the Russian, a near-superhuman mercenary, to finish him off.
The Punisher slays the Russian, drives to Ma\'s mansion, and intimidates her few remaining men into surrendering by showing them the Russian\'s severed head. The Punisher then sets Ma\'s mansion ablaze while she helplessly screams insults at him. As fire consumes the building, Ma throws herself out a window, and tries to attack the Punisher by gnawing on his leg. The Punisher simply punts Ma back into her blazing home, where she is immolated.
### Legacy
Peter, Ma\'s nephew and the last living Gnucci, learns that he stands to inherit his aunt\'s fortune, but only in the event of the Punisher\'s death. To that end, Peter hires Deadpool to kill the Punisher; when the Punisher is falsely assumed to be dead, Peter receives his cheque, which he loses in traffic. While Peter is chasing the cheque, he realizes that he can ask the bank for a new one, only to then be instantly killed when a truck knocks him onto the horns of the *Charging Bull*.
Ma Gnucci reappears nine years after her death, claiming to have escaped from Hell itself with the intention of uniting the entirety of New York\'s underworld against the Punisher. In actuality, Ma\'s \"resurrection\" is a hoax orchestrated by the Elite, a criminal mastermind who has quadriplegic women surgically altered to mimic Ma\'s injuries so he can use her reputation to rise to power. When his plans fall apart, the Elite has all of the women he hired murdered to cover his tracks. The Punishers later finds and kills him and his associates.
## In other media {#in_other_media}
- Ma Gnucci appears in *The Punisher* (2004), voiced by Saffron Henderson
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# United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads
The **United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads** was a congressional committee that existed until 1946. A Select Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads was established in 1806 and made a standing committee in 1808 during the 10th Congress. The early membership of the committee consisted of one Member from each state.
The jurisdiction of the committee extended to all proposed legislation relating to the carrying of the mails, both foreign and domestic. It included the determination of the location, construction, and maintenance of post offices and post roads; the acquisition, lease, or transfer of realty or facilities for postal purposes; and certain aspects of the employment and management of postal employees, such as the pay and leave of letter carriers, and the settlement of claims brought by employees or contractors. It included the regulation of the Postal Service, including postal rates, the franking privilege, and the printing of stamped envelopes. At various times the Railway Mail Service, ocean mail service, pneumatic tube service, postal savings banks, postal telegraphy, the Air Mail Service, and Rural Free Delivery were included in its jurisdiction.
As part of its responsibility the committee investigated the management of postal facilities, contracts for carrying the mail, and other subjects such as the forgery of postal money orders.
In 1885 the jurisdiction of the committee was expanded to include appropriation authority. The committee prepared Post Office appropriations bills from that time until 1920 when the authority was revoked under a rule change. The committee functioned until 1946 (the 79th Congress) when its jurisdiction was included in that of the new House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.
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# United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads
## Chairmen
Chair Party State Start of Service End of Service \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}}`{=mediawiki} John Rhea Democratic-Republican Tennessee 1807 1815 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Samuel D. Ingham Democratic-Republican Pennsylvania 1815 1818 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Arthur Livermore Democratic-Republican New Hampshire 1818 1821 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Francis Johnson Democratic-Republican Kentucky 1821 1823 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}}`{=mediawiki} John Telemachus Johnson Democratic-Republican Kentucky 1823 1825 \|- `{{Party shading/Jacksonian}}`{=mediawiki} Samuel D. Ingham Jacksonian Pennsylvania 1825 1828 \|- `{{Party shading/Jacksonian}}`{=mediawiki} Samuel McKean Jacksonian Pennsylvania 1828 1829 \|- `{{Party shading/Jacksonian}}`{=mediawiki} Richard Mentor Johnson Jacksonian Kentucky 1829 1832 \|- `{{Party shading/Jacksonian}}`{=mediawiki} Henry William Connor Jacksonian North Carolina 1832 1839 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} James Iver McKay Democratic North Carolina 1839 1841 \|- `{{Party shading/Whig}}`{=mediawiki} George N. Briggs Whig Massachusetts 1841 1843 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} George Washington Hopkins Democratic Virginia 1843 1847 \|- `{{Party shading/Whig}}`{=mediawiki} William L. Goggin Whig Virginia 1847 1849 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Emery D. Potter Democratic Ohio 1849 1851 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Edson B. Olds Democratic Ohio 1851 1855 \|- `{{Party shading/Opposition}}`{=mediawiki} Daniel Mace Opposition Indiana 1855 1857 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} William Hayden English Democratic Indiana 1857 1859 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Schuyler Colfax Republican Indiana 1859 1863 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} John B. Alley Republican Massachusetts 1863 1867 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} John F. Farnsworth Republican Illinois 1867 1873 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} John Black Packer Republican Pennsylvania 1873 1875 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} John Bullock Clark Jr. Democratic Missouri 1875 1877 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Alfred Moore Waddell Democratic North Carolina 1877 1879 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Hernando Money Democratic Mississippi 1879 1881 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Henry H. Bingham Republican Pennsylvania 1881 1883 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Hernando Money Democratic Mississippi 1883 1885 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} James Henderson Blount Democratic Georgia 1885 1889 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Henry H. Bingham Republican Pennsylvania 1889 1891 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} John S. Henderson Democratic North Carolina 1891 1895 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Eugene F. Loud Republican California 1895 1903 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Jesse Overstreet Republican Indiana 1903 1909 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} John W. Weeks Republican Massachusetts 1909 1911 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} John A. Moon Democratic Tennessee 1911 1919 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Halvor Steenerson Republican Minnesota 1919 1923 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} William Walton Griest Republican Pennsylvania 1923 1929 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Archie D. Sanders Republican New York 1929 1931 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} James M. Mead Democratic New York 1931 1938 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Milton A. Romjue Democratic Missouri 1939 1943 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Thomas G. Burch Democratic Virginia 1943 1946 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} George D
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# Franz Göring
**Franz Göring** (born 22 October 1984) is a German cross-country skier who has been competing since 2002. He won a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec and had his best individual finish of sixth in the 15 km at the 2007 championships in Sapporo.
Göring also finished 44th in the 15 km event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
He has eight overall individual victories at various levels at various distances up to 15 km since 2002.
## Cross-country skiing results {#cross_country_skiing_results}
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
### Olympic Games {#olympic_games}
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| Year | Age | 15 km \ | 30 km \ | 50 km \ | Sprint | 4 × 10 km \ | Team \ |
| | | individual | skiathlon | mass start | | relay | sprint |
+========+=======+==============+=============+==============+==========+==============+==========+
| 2006 | *21* | 43 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
### World Championships {#world_championships}
- 2 medals -- (1 silver, 1 bronze)
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| Year | Age | 15 km \ | 30 km \ | 50 km \ | Sprint | 4 × 10 km \ | Team \ |
| | | individual | skiathlon | mass start | | relay | sprint |
+========+=======+==============+=============+==============+==========+==============+==========+
| 2005 | *20* | 13 | --- | 39 | 20 | --- | --- |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2007 | *22* | 6 | --- | --- | --- | 4 | --- |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2009 | *24* | 11 | --- | --- | 19 | **Silver** | --- |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2011 | *26* | --- | 11 | 27 | --- | **Bronze** | --- |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| | | | | | | | |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+--------------+----------+
### World Cup {#world_cup}
#### Season standings {#season_standings}
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| Season | Age | Discipline standings | |
+==========+==========+======================+=========+
| Overall | Distance | Sprint | Nordic\ |
| | | | Opening |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2003 | *18* | | |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2004 | *19* | 131 | 92 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2005 | *20* | 53 | 31 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2006 | *21* | 83 | 57 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2007 | *22* | 14 | 17 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2008 | *23* | 22 | 32 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2009 | *24* | 76 | 76 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2011 | *26* | 74 | 43 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2012 | *27* | 102 | 66 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2013 | *28* | 152 | |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2014 | *29* | | |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| | | | |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
#### Individual podiums {#individual_podiums}
- 1 victory -- (1 `{{Abbr|SWC|Stage World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
- 3 podiums -- (1 `{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}}`{=mediawiki}, 2 `{{Abbr|SWC|Stage World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
No. Season Date Location Race Level style=\"background-color:#4180be; color:white;\| Place
----- -------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ----------------- --------------------------------------------------------
1 **2006--07** 18 November 2006 Gällivare, Sweden 15 km Individual F World Cup 3rd
2 3 January 2007 Oberstdorf, Germany 15 km Individual C Stage World Cup **1st**
3 **2007--08** 5 January 2008 Val di Fiemme, Italy 20 km Mass Start C Stage World Cup 3rd
#### Team podiums {#team_podiums}
- 2 victories -- (2 `{{Abbr|RL|Relay}}`{=mediawiki})
- 3 podiums -- (3 `{{Abbr|RL|Relay}}`{=mediawiki})
No
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# Eyeworth
**Eyeworth** (also **Eyworth**) is a small, rural village and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of the county of Bedfordshire, England; about 12.5 mi east south-east of the county town of Bedford.
Eyeworth had a population of 86 in 2001.
## Geography
Eyeworth lies 4 mi east of Biggleswade and just under 15 mi south-west of Cambridge. The eastern parish boundary borders both Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire at the River Rhee.
**Landscape**
Natural England has designated the area as part of The Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands (NCA 88). Central Bedfordshire Council has classified the landscape as Dunton Clay Vale (5G). Most of the parish is open, arable farmland with medium to large fields. Eyeworth lies on a ridge of land that forms part of the watershed between the River Ivel to the west and the Rhee to the east. Tributary streams and drainage channels run through the area. Field boundaries are primarily short flailed, gappy hedges. The limited woodland creates a very open landscape. Occasional mature hedgerow trees and roadside oaks on grass verges are a feature.
**Elevation**
The village centre is 50 m above sea level and is the highest point in the parish. The land falls away quite sharply to 30 m in the east but more gradually to the west and north.
**Geology and soil type**
The centre and west of the parish lie on boulder clay; with gault to the east. The whole parish has lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with slightly impeded drainage. `{{Adjacent communities
| Centre = Eyeworth
| NE = [[Wrestlingworth]]
| SE = [[Guilden Morden]]
| SW = [[Dunton, Bedfordshire|Dunton]]
| NW = [[Sutton, Bedfordshire|Sutton]]
}}`{=mediawiki}
## History
The name is spelt *Aieuuorde* and *Aisseuuorde* in the Domesday Book. Eyeworth may mean \'island farm\'. The majority of the houses are Victorian, though the seventeenth century Church Farm remains.
The widow of Francis Bacon, née Alice Barnham, lived in Eyeworth following his death, and she died there in 1650. There were a number of minor skirmishes in the parish during the Civil War and it is reputed that Oliver Cromwell visited the village and damaged some of the church\'s icons.
## Population
## Governance
Eyeworth is part of Potton ward for elections to the Central Bedfordshire Unitary Authority.
Prior to 1894, Eyeworth was administered as part of the Hundred of Biggleswade. From 1894 until 1974 the village was in Biggleswade Rural District and from 1974 to 2009 in Mid Bedfordshire District.
Eyeworth was in the Mid Bedfordshire parliamentary constituency until 1997. Now in North East Bedfordshire, the elected member is Richard Fuller of the Conservative Party.
## All Saints\' Church {#all_saints_church}
The village is home to a medieval church dedicated to All Saints whose building dates back to the fourteenth century, and is partly constructed from Totternhoe stone. The church\'s fifteenth-century spire was destroyed by lightning in 1967, and after the subsequent theft of the lead from its roof was replaced by a much smaller modern turret.
The interior houses a number of medieval brasses and a monument to Sir Edmund Anderson (d.1605), founder of the Anderson line who were lords of the manor, and who was also a judge during the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots.
## Public services {#public_services}
Eyeworth is in the Potton Public Water Supply Zone (RW50). The water supplied by Anglian Water comes from groundwater boreholes and is chloraminated and classed as hard.
The Eastern Power Area of UK Power Networks is the distribution network operator for electricity. There is no natural gas supply.
The two nearest general hospitals are Bedford (Bedford Hospital NHS Trust) and Lister Hospital, Stevenage (East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust). Ambulance services are provided by the East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service and Bedfordshire Police cover the parish.
Potton is the nearest library.
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# Eyeworth
## Public transport {#public_transport}
Centrebus (South) runs bus route no. 188 south to Biggleswade and Hitchin (journey time 45 minutes) and north to Wrestlingworth, Potton, and Sandy. The service is normally two hourly, daytime only, Monday to Saturday.
The nearest railway station is Biggleswade.
## Notable residents {#notable_residents}
Notable residents include Sir Peter Kendall, ex President of the National Farmers Union, who farms the land around the village with his brother Richard
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# Exodus (Andy Hunter album)
***Exodus***, released in October 2002, is the first full-length album produced by British DJ Andy Hunter°. The music is a sweeping mix of sophisticated techno and electronic dance music. On his website, Hunter° explains how the inspiration for many of the tracks came from the Book of Exodus.[1](http://www.andyhunter.com/) Additionally, on the back cover of the CD booklet he writes: \"*Exodus* is a journey into the presence of God; to hunger for God in a passionate way, craving that intimacy and hearing the spirit; to commit everything we are, and to say that we are going to run for and live our lives one hundred-percent; to be movers and shakers for the cause of our love, wherever that leads us\... even into the desert of our lives; and to ask questions and find answers of who we are and where we are going\...\"
The inspiration for the album is reflected in its biblical and Christian-themed lyrics. Six tracks feature lyrics taken directly from the Bible, namely from the Exodus, Ezekiel, Romans and Acts. The other lyrics are by Hunter° himself, but the religious themes are highlighted throughout, with the \"you\" in the original lyrics always referring to God, although never written with a capital Y.
After the original release on Nettwerk, the album was re-released on the Christian music label Sparrow Records. The song \"Go\" has been used in several movie trailers, the film *The Italian Job* the trailer for *National Treasure: Book of Secrets*, the video games *Enter the Matrix,* *SSX 3*, Downhill Domination, Richard Burns Rally and 2004 Total Club Manager. It was also used in ABC's show *Alias*. \"The Wonders of You\" was used in the game *Need For Speed Underground* by EA Games and in the trailer of *The Matrix Reloaded*. *Sandstorm Calling* was used in *Lumines Mobile*
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# Riccardo Tisci
**Riccardo Tisci** (`{{IPA|it|rikˈkardo ˈtiʃʃi}}`{=mediawiki}; born 1974) is an Italian fashion designer.
He studied in Italy at the Design Istituto d'Arte Applicata in Cantù until the age of 17, and then graduated from London\'s Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 1999.
In 2005, Tisci was creative director for Givenchy women\'s haute couture and ready-to-wear lines. In May 2008, he was additionally menswear and accessories designer of the Givenchy men\'s division. In March 2018, he was appointed chief creative officer of Burberry, succeeding Christopher Bailey.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Tisci was born in Taranto and raised in Como. He graduated from the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 1999.
## Career
### Early beginnings {#early_beginnings}
Upon graduation, Tisci worked for companies including Puma, Antonio Berardi and Coccapani before signing a three-year contract with Ruffo Research, a company that has helped launch the careers of several fashion designers, including Sophia Kokosalaki.
Upon the expiration of his contract in July 2004, Tisci spent time living in India, where he began to work on his own collection. In September 2004, during Milan Fashion Week in Milan, Tisci debuted his first Riccardo Tisci Collection for Fall 2005/2006 in an off-calendar show.
### Givenchy, 2005--2017 {#givenchy_20052017}
In February 2005, Tisci was appointed as the creative director of the haute couture, ready-to-wear and accessories lines for Givenchy. Brought to Givenchy by LVMH chief operating officer Antonio Belloni and Givenchy chief executive officer Marco Gobbetti, Gobbetti called Tisci a \"perfect fit for us\... He \[Tisci\] has an elegance that is very modern, very contemporary and romantic at the same time\".
Tisci presented his first Givenchy haute-couture collection in July 2005 during Paris Fashion Week in Paris.
Tisci, under Givenchy, designed the costumes for singer Madonna\'s *Sticky & Sweet Tour* in 2008, following Jean Paul Gaultier and Dolce & Gabbana. In 2009, for the encore of the tour he designed another costume for the tour\'s opening song \"Candy Shop\".
In February 2017, Tisci stepped down as creative director of Givenchy, \"I now wish to focus on my personal interests and passions.\" Givenchy\'s turnover had increased six-fold during Tisci\'s twelve-year tenure.
### Burberry, 2018--2022 {#burberry_20182022}
In 2018, Tisci was named by Burberry to replace Christopher Bailey as the brand\'s chief creative officer. This was followed by a limited-time collaboration with Vivienne Westwood for the Winter 2018 collection.
Tisci\'s vision while at Burberry was to create pieces that walk the line between tradition and modernity with a darkly gothic charm.
His tenure lasted through to September 2022, when it was announced that Tisci would be replaced by English designer Daniel Lee.
## Style
Unlike the designers before him who succeeded Hubert Givenchy himself, Tisci has had particular success in haute couture, where he has asserted \"When I arrived we had five customers. Now we have 29\". Tisci\'s runway presentations are highly stylized in terms of architecture and space. Tisci says of this: \"My way of showing is very melancholic\... I love romanticism and sensuality\".
For the Givenchy Fall--Winter 2010 collection, he included a new model, Lea T, a transgender woman from Brazil, his longtime personal assistant.
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# Riccardo Tisci
## Collaborations
Throughout his career, Tisci\'s numerous connections and relationships have enabled him to collaborate with well-known artists on various projects:
- 2008 -- invited to curate the issue 8 of A-Anna Magazine
- 2010 -- celebrated the end of the exhibit *The artist is present* at a dinner for Marina Abramović; afterwards, she was chosen to appear in a campaign for Spring--Summer 2013 of Givenchy
- 2011 -- guest-edited Visionaire\'s RELIGION issue
- 2011 -- collaborated with the perfumer Francois Demachy to make the perfume Le Dahlia Noir
- 2011 --designed the cover of the collaborative album *Watch the Throne* by Jay-Z and Kanye West
- 2011 -- curated issue #8 of *A Magazine*, in which he featured artwork by Ray Caesar as a source of his creative inspiration
- 2013 -- dressed the singer Rihanna for her *Diamonds World Tour*
- 2014 -- collaborated with Beyoncé and Jay-Z for the *On the Run Tour*
- 2014 -- collaborated with Nike to create a series of Air Force 1 shoes
- 2016 -- launched a thirty-piece sportswear collaboration with Nike called NikeLab x RT: Training Redefined, aimed at Olympic athletes for the 2016 Summer Olympics as everyday gym users
- 2016 -- collaborated with virtual pop idol Hatsune Miku for an article in *Vogue* magazine in the lead up to the 2016 Met Gala
- 2018 -- collaborated with NikeLab again, creating a fictional basketball team\'s apparel and footwear
In addition to his position at Givenchy, Tisci has collaborated with the choreographers Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui and Damien Jalet on the costume design of the orchestral ballet *Boléro* by Maurice Ravel at the Opéra Garnier in Paris.
Italian model Mariacarla Boscono often appears in his runway shows and ad campaigns, owing possibly to the fact that Tisci has had a friendship with her since before his days at Givenchy.
Tisci also collaborated with American rappers Jay-Z and Kanye West to create the cover for *Watch the Throne* 2011 album, as well as the covers for singles \"H•A•M\" and \"Otis\". He collaborated again with West for his label GOOD Music on the 2012 album *Cruel Summer*.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Tisci is openly gay. In 2025, Tisci was sued for alleged sexual assault in New York
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# Encounters (TV series)
***Encounters: The Hidden Truth*** is an hour-long television series that featured real-life stories of paranormal phenomena. The format featured a host (John Marshall) and a team of reporters presenting 3 or 4 stories per episode dealing with UFOs, crop circles, exorcism, prophets, psychics, reincarnation, and other supernatural phenomena, in a news/documentary film style. The stories unfolded through witness interviews and reenactments of the events. The host and reporters discussed their reactions to some of the stories.
*Encounters* aired on the Fox network and was used mainly as a summer replacement series and fill-in show for other canceled series. The show first aired Fridays at 8:00 pm during the summer of 1994. The show then aired sporadically with different nights and times. In the final 3 editions of the show, Steven Williams (*The X-Files*) replaced John Marshall as the host. Two of those episodes aired in November 1995 and the final episode aired on January 23, 1996.
## Cast
- John Marshall - Host
- Russell Rhodes - Correspondent
- Sandra Pinckney - Correspondent
- Sandra Gin - Correspondent
- Linda Deleray - Correspondent
- Mark Thompson - Correspondent
- [Vincent Neill](https://www.imdb.com/user/ur19994934/?ref_=nv_usr_prof_2) - Director
- Steven Williams - Host, Season 3
## Broadcast history {#broadcast_history}
Season Time
---------- ---------------------
1993--94 Friday at 8:00 pm
1994--95 Sunday at 7:00 pm
1995--96 Saturday at 8:30 pm
## Episodes
### Special (1994) {#special_1994}
### Season 1 (1994) {#season_1_1994}
### Season 2 (1994-1995) {#season_2_1994_1995}
### Season 3 (1995-1996) {#season_3_1995_1996}
## Releases
*Encounters: The Hidden Truth* has yet to be released on DVD or Blu-ray through Fox
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# Sneaker collecting
**Sneaker collecting** is the acquisition and trading of sneakers as a hobby. It is often manifested by the use and collection of shoes made for particular sports, particularly basketball and skateboarding. A person involved in sneaker collecting is sometimes called a **sneakerhead**.
Sneaker collecting came to prominence in the 1980s in New York City and can be attributed to two major sources: basketball, specifically the emergence of Michael Jordan and his eponymous Air Jordan line of shoes released in 1985, and the growth of hip hop music. The boom of signature basketball shoes during this era provided the sheer variety necessary for a collecting subculture, while the hip-hop movement gave the sneakers their street credibility as status symbols. Sneakerhead culture has extended beyond shoes designed for particular sports, and overlaps with streetwear trends and styles. By one estimate, the sneaker resale market was worth `{{US$|10 billion}}`{=mediawiki} in 2021.
## History
Consumers started to collect, trade and resell sneakers in the 1970s, and the sneakerhead subculture came to prominence in New York City during the 1980s. Sneakers such as the Adidas Superstar and Puma Suede were popularized by b-boys and hip-hop artists, and Nike\'s Air Jordan line revolutionized the industry with its marketing linked to superstar basketball player Michael Jordan.
During the 1960s and 1970s, street basketball was widely played in the streets of the Bronx. One of the important rituals among the players was \"stepsies\", which was a game for everyone to step on a player\'s new sneakers. A clean pair of sneakers indicated that the player was weak. However, with the rise of hip hop music, a \"clean and fresh\" look gained popularity and the game of \"stepsies\" lost favor. Since the 1970s, there has been a strict rule against combining rival brands. For example, a person wearing Nike sneakers with Adidas track pants would be considered as someone going against the culture. This type of violation lowers a person\'s reputation and shows their lack of awareness of the culture, similar to forgetting to remove the tag from a designer suit. This practice led sneakerheads to favor one brand over another, resulting in strong brand loyalty. Although the concept of brand exclusively has diminished, the art of mixing brands properly has evolved as streetwear, luxury fashion, and sportswear became significant aspects of sneaker culture.
Sneaker culture became global by the end of the 1990s. Originally popular among urban black youth and white skateboarders, by the 21st century it had gained a sizable Asian following. Sneakers have had cult followings in Japan since the 1990s, where many American fashion brands remain highly covetable. Outside the US, Japan is one of the only markets where limited-edition styles (particularly Nikes) have had region-exclusive releases.
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# Sneaker collecting
## Culture
Sneaker collectors buy online and go to outlets, sneaker events, swapmeets, parties, and gatherings in search of rare, vintage, and limited edition shoes. New launches of popular sneaker models increasingly take place via online raffles through mobile apps. Collectible sneakers can usually be resold for well above their original retail price, including certain collaborations with various athletes and celebrities. Popular fashion trends in sneaker culture usually overlap with streetwear trends and styles. Sneakerheads often participate in both online and offline activities to show their enthusiasm in sneakers. Typical example of offline activity is participating in sneaker exhibitions. Some of the notable exhibitions include Sneakercon in North America and Southeast Asia, Sneakerness in Europe, and Faces&Laces in Russia. Through these exhibitions, sneakerheads show their collections, sell or exchange sneakers, and attend public talks with designers and collectors. Typical example of online activity is making unboxing videos or video reviews of new sneakers where sneakerheads share their ideas and thoughts on the sneakers.
Sneakerheads are also involved in variety of sneaker art, such as sneaker photography and customization often when sneaker consumption is not enough for them. Examples of sneaker art include making paintings and drawings of different models of sneakers and creating comics or cartoons of important sneaker collectors or enthusiasts. Another type of sneaker art is customizing by painting or embroidering them, replacing parts with different materials, or combining parts of different models to create a completely new pair. Many sneakerheads highlight the importance of practicing non-commercial, community based activities like customization, to express their creativity and show their values and enthusiasm in sneakers.
### Values
One popular motive behind collecting sneakers is based on what people watched and who they looked up to as a child. Athletes and superstars are people who have a significant impact on individuals and the shoes they purchase. Growing up in the 1980s when Air Jordans were first released, children idolized basketball players who were wearing the latest styles.
Mainly due to the media, there has been a great deal of traction around the sneaker collecting culture. Articles, TV shows, radios, etc. are all forms of media that has brought attention to the world of sneakers. Through these outlets, children were able to see and listen to their favorite athletes wearing the latest shoe styles. At a young age when sneakers first gained popularity, the issue was that these shoes were either unattainable because of popularity or due to the aftermarket price tag that parents were unwilling to pay for. The sneakers individuals see their favorite celebrities wearing from an early age is one of the reasons why the shoes they buy create such a sentimental feeling. Sneakers that were once desirable yet unattainable from a young age can be afforded later in life. The feeling of acquiring a pair of shoes desired since childhood is what makes sneaker collecting special and nostalgic.
### Regional
Basketball sneakers, such as the Air Jordan 1, were adopted by California skateboarders in the 1980s for their affordability and support. The casuals of Britain used different Adidas styles to reflect their coded rivalries. The cholo subculture is known for its customized Converse All Stars.
Sneakers in South Africa, known as \"takkies\", have become status symbols. They grew into a \"bubblehead\" subculture that favors Nike bubble-soled trainers, such as the Nike Air Max line. In the mid-1990s the line, particularly the Air Max 95, experienced such a surge of popularity in Japan that it led to a phenomenon known as \"Air Max hunting\". The extremely inflated prices of the shoes led to a rash of muggings in the normally-peaceful country wherein Air Max wearers were attacked and their shoes were stolen. Even used shoes were in demand, and fakes also became a problem.
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# Sneaker collecting
## Culture
### Slang
Sneakerheads influenced by hip hop fashion and skater subculture began to develop their own jargon. Commonly used words include: `{{Col-list|colwidth=30em|
*"ACG" – All Conditions Gear, a brand of sneakers produced by Nike<ref name="auto"/>
*"Beaters" – Sneakers worn despite creases, scuffs, stains, and smell<ref name="auto"/>
*"Bots" – Custom-written computer programs designed to cop sneakers in mass quantities, with varying degrees of success; much like the sneakers they are used to purchase, the most desirable bots are sold in limited quantities and frequently resold via online forums such as [[Discord (software)|Discord]] for well above their original purchase price<ref name="Everything_Bots">{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/sneakers/how-to-use-sneaker-bots/|title=Everything You Need to Know About Sneaker Bots|website=[[Complex Networks]]|date=27 Jan 2021|accessdate=1 October 2021}}</ref>
*"Bred" – Black and red sneakers;<ref name="auto"/> if in reference to the original black-and-red Air Jordan 1 design, "banned" is used as a preferred synonym<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/sneakers/the-history-of-michael-jordans-banned-sneakers/|title=The History of Michael Jordan's "Banned" Sneakers|website=[[Complex Networks]]|date=3 May 2020|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>
*"B-grade" – Shop-worn seconds sold at a discount<ref name="10-terms" />
*"Chucks" – [[Converse All-Stars]], though the "Chuck" nickname has been used to describe them since at least the 1950s (e.g. Chuck Taylor All-Stars), in reference to their original designer, [[Chuck Taylor (salesman)|Chuck Taylor]]
*"Clearout" – Selling many pieces of a collection to make room for others
*"Colorway" – The combination of colors or symbols on a pair of sneakers
*"Cop" (used as a verb) – To purchase or acquire
*"Deadstock" – A pair of sneakers that has never been worn, tried on or re-laced.<ref name="auto"/>
*"[[Deubré]]" – Also called lace tags, popular on shoes like Air Force Ones
*"Don't sleep" – Used literally relative to sneaker releases, e.g. collectible Nikes that are most often released at 7:00 am West Coast time in the US, when many sneakerheads would normally be asleep; informally used as a synonym for "don't forget"
*"Dope" – Fashionable
*"Double up" – Buying two identical pairs of sneakers<ref name="auto"/>
*"Drop" – Release of a new sneaker<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sneaker-reseller.de/die-wichtigsten-begriffe/|title=Grundbegriffe des Resellings • Sneaker-Reseller|date=September 11, 2018}}</ref>
*"Fire" – Very good<ref name="auto"/>
*"Flop" – Poorly sold
*"Fresh" – New and cool<ref name="auto"/>
*"Fugazi" – Fake
*"GOAT" – Greatest Of All Time<ref name="auto"/> (most commonly a reference to [[Michael Jordan]], in sneakerhead terminology, or the reseller store of the same name)
*"GR" – General release, or common<ref name="GlossaryHS">{{Cite web |last=Furness |first=Joseph |title=Your One-Stop Glossary of Sneaker Terminology |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/sneaker-terminology-glossary/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=[[Highsnobiety]]}}</ref>
*"Grail" – Sneakers subjectively wanted most by a collector<ref name="10-terms" /><ref name="auto"/>
*"GS" – Grade school, sneakers appropriate for children<ref name="auto"/><ref name="GlossaryHS" />
*"Gum sole" – Sneakers with solid rubber soles in their original light beige color<ref name="auto"/>
*"Gutties" – Scottish slang term for trainers/sneakers.
*"Heat" – Rare sneakers that draw looks
*"High top(s)" – A shoe that rises above or on the ankle mainly used for ankle support during sports.<ref name="auto"/>
*"Hypebeast" – [[Trendies]] who only buy the latest release. Hypebeasts buy whatever the celebrities are wearing and tend to copy people like hip-hop artist [[Kanye West]]. By 2020, hypebeast became a derogatory term in many countries for a [[Hipster (contemporary subculture)|hipster]] whose style had begun branching out into designer [[streetwear]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bassil |first=Ryan |date=October 25, 2019 |title=How the Early Thirties Hypebeast Replaced the Hipster |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/hypebeast-new-hipster-mens-fashion-lifestyle/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]}}</ref>
*"Js" – Another name for [[Air Jordan]] shoes
*"JB" – Jordan Brand<ref name="auto"/>
*"Jumpman" – Basketball player Michael Jordan, but in sneakerhead culture more commonly used to describe the [[Jumpman (logo)|Jumpman logo]] depicting Jordan created by Nike designer [[Tinker Hatfield]] and first seen on the Air Jordan 3<ref name="auto"/>
*"Instacop" – Impulse buying<ref name="auto"/>
*"Kicks" – Shoes
*"L" – Loss/unable to purchase
*"LL" – Lightly loved, a pair of sneakers that shows very little use or wear and still in good or better condition
*"Lit up" – Great<ref name="auto"/>
*"Lows" – Also called low tops, shoes that sit below the ankle<ref name="auto"/>
*"Mids" – Situated between high and low tops
*"NIB" – Unworn, new in the box<ref name="GlossaryHS" />
*"OG" – Retro re-release of an original design or colorway, derived from the term "original gangster" but generally limited to describing variations of the Air Jordan 1 High<ref name="GlossaryHS" />
*"Quickstrike (QS)" – Limited edition sneakers and prototypes with a regional early release, especially Nikes<ref name="GlossaryHS" />
*"Reseller" – A person who buys large quantities of unworn popular sneakers to sell at a profit;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/sneakers/2015/11/josh-luber-campless-ted-talk|title=Reselling Sneakers Might Be a Better Investment Than Buying Stock in Apple|website=Complex}}</ref> also used to describe retail stores, both online and off, that sell collectible models at prices usually well above original retail, including [[StockX]], [[Stadium Goods]], Flight Club and [[GOAT (platform)|GOAT]]
*"Red October" – Very rare red sneakers by Nike and rapper Kanye West<ref name="auto"/>
*"Retros" – a re-release after a shoe model's debut<ref name="TempleNow" />
*"Silhouette" – Design of a sneaker
*"Sitting" – Referring to sneakers produced in large quantities that go unsold
*"Slept on" – Unappreciated by the wider community
*"SNKRS" – is used as short for sneakers{{cn|date=March 2023}}
*"Steezy" – Stylish<ref name="auto"/>
*"Takkies" – South African slang for sneakers<ref name="CapeTown" />
*"Threads" – Clothes
*"Tonal" – Sneakers in a single color, as in monotone.<ref name="auto"/>
*"Trainers" – British slang for sneakers
*"Unauthorized / unauthorised" – counterfeit<ref name="10-terms">{{Cite web|url=https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/arts/10-sneaker-terms-you-need-to-know-when-getting-into-kicks-7482322|title=10 Sneaker Terms You Need to Know When Getting Into Kicks|first=Josh|last=Chesler|date=July 22, 2015|website=Phoenix New Times}}</ref>
*"VNDS" – Very Near Dead Stock sneakers that have been tried or worn once or twice and that look new while maintaining clean, spotless soles and no marks or signs of wear.
*"Uptowns" – New York slang for Air Force 1s<ref name="Warnett">{{Cite web |last=Warnett |first=Gary |date=January 25, 2017 |title=The History of the White on White Air Force 1, Nike's Perfect Sneaker |url=https://www.complex.com/sneakers/2017/01/nike-air-force-1-history |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]}}</ref>
*"W" – Win/successful purchase
*"Yeezy" – Sneakers designed by rapper Kanye West<ref name="auto"/>
}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Sneaker collecting
## Styles and marketing {#styles_and_marketing}
Several popular brands and styles of sneakers have emerged as collector\'s items in the sneakerhead subculture. Popular collections include Air Jordans, Air Force Ones, Nike Dunks, Nike Skateboarding (SB), Nike Foamposites, Nike Air Max, and the Adidas Yeezy line. Shoes that are valued most are often exclusive or limited editions, and certain color schemes may be rarer relative to others in the same sneaker. Several sneaker manufacturers have custom shops where people can choose from the color, lettering, and materials. One-of-a-kind sneakers that have been hand-painted have become popular as well.
Nike continues to use basketball stars to market new sneakers. In 2011, the Zoom Hyperdunk was introduced through Blake Griffin (a Los Angeles Clippers player and NBA 2010--11 NBA Rookie of the Year). Nike has also employed celebrities from outside of the sports world to design and market new shoe lines. One example is the Nike Air Yeezy, designed by rapper Kanye West.
### Sneaker stores {#sneaker_stores}
Stores such as Kith, Concepts, Rif LA, Union LA, Undefeated, and more are places where sneaker lovers enjoy spending time. Flight Club was one of the first consignment shops to open in 2005. Sneakerheads have made Flight Club a destination to see some of the most exclusive, rare, and famous sneakers in the world firsthand. Flight Club has been referred to as a museum for sneakers, with multiple sections dedicated to different kinds of sneakers. A full wall holds all of the latest Nike, Jordan, and Yeezy releases, while another section holds some of the rarest and most expensive sneakers with a price tag of upwards of \$50,000. The store also holds a section with the entire line of 1985 Jordan 1s, the shoes that helped start the sneaker culture and craze. Flight Club along with many other stores not only serve as a place to buy sneakers, but a place to experience the excellence of sneakers in person that were once only a digital image in their minds.
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# Sneaker collecting
## Industry growth and reselling {#industry_growth_and_reselling}
Sneakers have some of the highest resale multiples among retail consumer goods. Sneakers are resold for prices that can exceed 10x return on the most coveted, low-production releases. In the 2010s, the sneaker market expanded into online retailing and auction sites. Some retailers have implemented a raffle system for online and in-store sales, while others have implemented a first come, first served model. Nike launched its SNKRS app in 2015 to give better access to its latest sneaker releases. The app implements multiple variations of raffle systems -- notably 10-minute-long \"draws\" -- and as of 2020 mostly eschews the first come, first served model. (Nike still sells the vast majority of its products via its separate, non-SNKRS-related app, along with sales through traditional brick-and-mortar sellers such as Foot Locker and large department stores.) Apps like SNKRS were made to give ordinary buyers a fair chance to purchase a given pair, but with mixed results. While Nike has the financial wherewithal to continuously improve the app to prevent internet bots from exploiting it, this is generally not the case with small, independent sneaker boutiques; on many such sites, bots and proxy servers in particular (which \"spoof\" IP addresses to obfuscate multiple purchase attempts from a single buyer) have made it difficult to purchase popular sneakers via scheduled releases before they sell out. The old-school sneakerhead community routinely expresses distaste for the resale community, especially buyers who only do so for profit, not appreciation for sneakers\' history or artistry.
The high value of limited-edition sneakers has given rise to a large-scale counterfeit market. In response to the large counterfeit challenges, new companies have taken off. The shoe reselling market is dominated by StockX and GOAT, and eBay launched its own authenticated-sneaker initiative. These sites provide a trusted platform for sneaker resellers. On both StockX and GOAT, a buyer places an order for a given pair of sneakers, and the seller sends the purchased item(s) to StockX or GOAT facilities for inspection and verification; products are shipped to buyers if they are successfully authenticated. Authentication apps like CheckCheck, Legitmark, and Legit Check App By Ch were created to stop problems with counterfeit shoes. These apps are designed to help other users who lack knowledge in the sneaker community. People pay and send pictures to experts where they are \"legit\" checked.
While StockX and GOAT have not disclosed how many sellers on their platforms sell goods en masse, they are believed to be the most popular outlets for doing so; StockX sold \$1.8 billion in merchandise in 2020 alone (including sportswear and some other lines, but predominantly sneakers). StockX estimated the secondary resale sneaker market to be worth \$10 billion in 2021 and to reach nearly \$30 billion by 2030
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# Beautiful Agony
**Beautiful Agony** is a paid-subscription erotic website featuring head shots of user-submitted videos showing the participant having orgasms, without providing any visual description of what technique is being used or revealing anything below the neck and upper chest. Men and women are featured on the site.
## History
In 2003 Richard Lawrence and Lauren Olney created the initial video series. In 2004 beautifulagony.com was established as a commercial website. The site is owned and operated by Feck Pty Ltd in Melbourne.
## Description
The website is subscription-based. It does not display advertising. Users post videos of themselves (framed from the shoulders up) having a sexual orgasm and can share their sexual experience in a description area. Users of Beautiful Agony are nicknamed *Agonees*. Videos that do not look natural (too much makeup for example) are not accepted by the website\'s moderators.
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
Video clips of the website were part of exhibitions at the Museum of Sex in New York and at the Hollywood Erotic Museum. The short film *Anatomy: Face* produced by Adele Wilkes and distributed by ABC Australia in 2011, focused on the users of Beautiful Agony
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# Omaha City Council
**The City Council of Omaha, Nebraska,** is elected every four years on a nonpartisan basis. The next election will occur in 2025. Omaha has a strong mayor form of government. Members are elected by district. Currently seven city council districts are represented across the City of Omaha.
## Membership
City council members represented seven districts throughout the city of Omaha.
The city council is officially nonpartisan; party affiliations are for informational purposes only. However, registered Democrats hold a majority.
District Councilman Party \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 1 Pete Festersen D \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 2 LaVonya Goodwin D \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 3 Danny Begley D \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 4 Ron Hug D \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 5 Don Rowe R \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 6 Brinker Harding R \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 7 Aimee Melton R
---------- ------------ ----------------------------------------------------- --- ---------------- ------------------------------------------------- --- ----------------- ------------------------------------------------- --- -------------- ------------------------------------------------- --- --------- ------------------------------------------------- --- ---------- ------------------------------------------------- --- ----------------- ------------------------------------------------- --- -------------- ---
## Additional seats {#additional_seats}
In 2006 the Nebraska State Legislature began deliberations on adding additional seats to the Omaha City Council. Due to the annexation of Elkhorn by Omaha, the city council has proposed new boundaries for the districts that would split Elkhorn between two districts. Legislative Bill 405, introduced by Elkhorn State Senator Dwite Pedersen, would increase the size of the Omaha City Council to 9 members and realign districts. However, this bill was tabled in March 2007 until the next legislative session.
### First Omaha City Council {#first_omaha_city_council}
The first Omaha City Council was convened in 1857. It was composed of A. D. Jones, who resigned March 23, 1857; T. G. Goodwill, who died May 18, 1857; G. C. Bove, H. H. Visscher, Thomas Davis, William N. Byers, William W. Wyman, Thomas O\'Connor, C. H. Downs, J. H. Kellom, for whom Kellom School was later named; and John Creighton, whom Creighton University was later named for.
The city council has long taken stances on issues. In 1859 a local newspaper reported that a, \"\...bill introduced in the Omaha City Council, for the abolition of slavery in this Territory, was called up yesterday, and its further consideration postponed for two weeks. A strong effort will be made among the Republicans to secure its passage; we think, however, it will fail. The farce certainly cannot be enacted if the Democrats do their duty.\"
Election Year Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Position 6 Position 7
--------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1957 W. P. Garvey \|Albert L. Veys rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|A. V. Sorensen rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Warren R. Swigart rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|James J. Dworak Harry Trustin Sam W. Reynolds`{{refn|group=note|March 10, 1958: Resigned from city council after moving out of city limits.<ref name=Feb101958>{{cite news |date=February 10, 1958 |title=Council Shift Next Month |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Home |page=1}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
N.P. Dodge`{{refn|group=note|February 8, 1958: Selected by City Council to fill vacancy.<ref name=Feb101958></ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
1961 \|Albert L. Veys \|Warren R. Swigart Harry Trustin \|H. F. Jacobberger Ernest A. Adams William R. Milner Arthur D. Bradley Jr.
1965 \|Robert G. Cunningham \|Betty Abbott `{{refn|group=note|First woman elected to the Omaha City Council.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Jean |date=May 12, 1965 |title=Betty Abbott's Future 'Has' to Include a Wig |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Home |page=6}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|H. F. Jacobberger \|Albert L. Veys Arthur D. Bradley Jr. Sam Vacanti Lynn R. Carey
1969 \|H. F. Jacobberger \|Warren R. Swigart \|Albert L. Veys Arthur D. Bradley Jr. L. K. Smith \|Betty Abbott John Ritums
1973 John Hlavacek John Miller \|Robert G. Cunningham `{{refn|group=note|November 16, 1976: Appointed by City Council to become interim mayor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Michael |date=November 16, 1976 |title=Mayor Cunningham: 'I Will Listen to You' |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Metropolitan |page=1}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} Monte Taylor rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Steve Rosenblatt Jerry Hassett rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Betty Abbott
Ray F. Slizewski `{{refn|group=note|December 14, 1976: Selected by City Council to fill vacancy.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 15, 1976 |title=New Council Pick Says He Plans To Study Issues |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Sunrise |page=1}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
1977 \|Steve Rosenblatt Jerry Hassett \|Richard Takechi `{{refn|group=note|First Japanese American elected to the Omaha City Council.<ref>{{cite news |last=Robert |first=John |date=May 26, 1977 |title=More Evidence, Please, Judge |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Metropolitan |page=2}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} Mary Kay Green Tim Rouse Leo Kraft \|Warren R. Swigart
District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 District 5 District 6 District 7
1981 \|David Stahmer \|Fred Conley `{{refn|group=note|First African American elected to the Omaha City Council.<ref name=May131981></ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|Walt Calinger \|Steve Tomasek \|Connie Findlay `{{refn|group=note|First time two women elected to the Omaha City Council simultaneously.<ref name=May131981></ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|Sylvia Wagner `{{refn|group=note|First time two women elected to the Omaha City Council simultaneously.<ref name=May131981></ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|Bernie Simon
1983 \|Fred Conley \|Steve Tomasek `{{refn|group=note|January 23, 1987: Became acting mayor after recall of Mayor Mike Boyle.<ref name=May101989></ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|Sylvia Wagner
1985 rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Joe Friend \|Walt Calinger `{{refn|group=note|April 20, 1988: Appointed by City Council to become interim mayor.<ref name=May101989></ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Richard Takechi \|Bernie Simon `{{refn|group=note|February 6, 1987: Appointed by City Council to become interim mayor.<ref name=May101989></ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
\|Subby Anzaldo `{{refn|group=note|May 27, 1988: Selected by City Council to fill vacant District 3 seat.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gonzalez |first=Cindy |date=May 27, 1988 |title=Anzaldo Moves Into the Spotlight On City Council |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Metro |page=SD}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|Allen Dinzole `{{refn|group=note|March 24, 1987: Selected by City Council to fill vacant District 7 seat.<ref>{{cite news |last=Collison |first=Kevin |date=March 25, 1987 |title=He'll Ask Simon's Help Councilman Dinzole Seeks District Title |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Metro}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
1987 \|Fred Conley `{{refn|group=note|March 25, 1988: Became acting mayor because Bernie Simon was ill with cancer.<ref name=May101989></ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|Steve Tomasek \|Jim Cleary
1989 \|Joe Friend \|Subby Anzaldo \|Richard Takechi \|Steve Exon
1991 \|Fred Conley \|Steve Tomasek \|Lee Terry
1993 \|Joe Friend `{{refn|group=note|June 1, 1994: Resigned from office.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brennan |first=Joe |date=April 5, 1994 |title=Friend Resigning, Says He Dreads City Council Job |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Chaser |page=1}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Brenda Council `{{refn|group=note|First African American woman elected to the Omaha City Council.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ruggles |first=Rick |date=February 17, 2000 |title=Photo Tribute Honors 6 Omahans |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Metropolitan |page=17}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Subby Anzaldo rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Paul Koneck \|Richard Takechi `{{refn|group=note|December 10, 1996: Resigned from City Council after being elected to Douglas County register of deeds.<ref>{{cite news |last=Janovy |first=Jena |date=December 4, 1996 |title=Takechi's Last Night Marked With Praise and Appreciation |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Sunrise |page=20}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Lee Terry rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Frank Christensen
\|Lormong Lo `{{refn|group=note|May 17, 1994: First Hmong American to be appointed to a City Council in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brennan |first=Joe |date=May 17, 1994 |title=Lormong Lo Wins Seat on City Council |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Chaser |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Szalewski |first=Susan |date=July 26, 2011 |title=Ex-councilman Lormong Lo loved adopted city |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Sunrise |page=5B}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|Cliff Herd `{{refn|group=note|January 7, 1997: Selected by City Council to fill vacant District 5 seat.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kelley |first=Matt |date=January 7, 1997 |title=Cliff Herd Is Elected To Council Millard Man Also On School Board |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Chaser |page=1}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
1997 rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Lormong Lo rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Frank Brown \|Subby Anzaldo `{{refn|group=note|February 19, 2000: Resigned from city council to work for Mayor Hal Daub.<ref name=Jan72000>{{cite news |last=Ruggles |first=Rick |date=January 7, 2000 |title=Election Will Be Feb. 15 To Fill Anzaldo's Post |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Metro |page=15}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Paul Koneck rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Cliff Herd \|Lee Terry`{{refn|group=note|January 4, 1999: Resigned from city council after being elected to U.S. Congress.<ref name=Jan41999>{{cite news |last=Ruggles |first=Rick |date=November 11, 1998 |title=Terry Issues Apology For Implying Council Has Picked Successor |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Sunrise |page=22}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Marc Kraft
\|Bob Sivick `{{refn|group=note|February 15, 2000: Selected by City Council to fill vacant District 3 seat.<ref name=Feb162000>{{cite news |last=Ruggles |first=Rick |date=February 16, 2000 |title=Sivick Gets Council Slot On 5 - 1 Vote |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Sunrise |page=1}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} \|James Monahan`{{refn|group=note|December 22, 1998: Selected by City Council to fill vacant District 6 seat.<ref name=Dec221998>{{cite news |date=December 22, 1998 |title=Monahan Fills Seat On Omaha Council |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Chaser |page=1}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
2001 \|Marc Kraft \|Frank Brown \|Jim Vokal \|Garry Gernandt \|Dan Welch \|Franklin Thompson \|Chuck Sigerson
2005 \|Jim Suttle \|Frank Brown \|Jim Vokal \|Garry Gernandt \|Dan Welch \|Franklin Thompson \|Chuck Sigerson
2009 rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Pete Festersen rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Ben Gray rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Chris Jerram rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Garry Gernandt rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Jean Stothert rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Franklin Thompson \|Chuck Sigerson `{{refn|group=note|March 1, 2010: Resigned after stroke and heart attack.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tysver |first=Robynn |date=February 11, 2010 |title=Sigerson resigns from City Council He says his speech hasn't improved enough since a stroke and heart attack |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Sunrise |page=1A}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
\|Thomas Mulligan `{{refn|group=note|April 13, 2010: Selected by City Council to fill vacant District 7 seat.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Maggie |date=April 13, 2010 |title='Open-minded' Mulligan gets Sigerson's seat |work=Omaha World-Herald |edition=Metropolitan |page=1A}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
2013 \|Pete Festersen \|Ben Gray \|Chris Jerram \|Garry Gernandt \|Rich Pahls \|Franklin Thompson \|Aimee Melton
2017 rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Pete Festersen rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Ben Gray rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Chris Jerram rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Vinny Palermo \|Rich Pahls `{{refn|group=note|January 5, 2021: Resigned from city council after being elected to Nebraska Legislature.<ref name=Nov132020>{{cite news |last=Ristau |first=Reece |date=November 13, 2020 |title=With Pahls bound for Legislature, council needs new member |work=Omaha World-Herald |page=11}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Brinker Harding rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Aimee Melton
\|Colleen Brennan `{{refn|group=note|December 22, 2020: Selected by City Council to fill vacant District 5 seat.<ref name=Dec222020>{{cite news |last=Ristau |first=Reece |date=December 23, 2020 |title=New council member blogged on race, virus |work=Omaha World-Herald |page=9}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
2021 rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Pete Festersen rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Juanita Johnson rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}\|Danny Begley \|Vinny Palermo `{{refn|group=note|August 1, 2023: Omaha City Council votes to kick jailed Vinny Palermo off the council, 6-0. <ref>{{cite news |last=Burbach |first=Christopher |date=August 1, 2023 |title=Omaha City Council votes to kick jailed Vinny Palermo off the council |work=Omaha World-Herald |page=9}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Don Rowe rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Brinker Harding rowspan=\"2\" `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki}\|Aimee Melton
\|Ron Hug `{{refn|group=note|September 12, 2023: Omaha City Council votes to appoint Ron Hug after kick jailed Vinny Palermo off the council, 6-0
| 1,572 |
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# St. Cloud station
**St. Cloud station** is an Amtrak intercity train station in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States. It is served by the daily *Empire Builder* on its route connecting Chicago, Illinois to Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon.`{{refn|group="Note"|As of May 7, 2014, the ''[[Empire Builder]]'' westbound trains (Trains 7 & 27) are scheduled to stop at 12:40 am and the eastbound trains (Trains 8 & 28) are scheduled to stop at 4:44 am.<ref name="May 14 timetable">{{cite web|url=http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/446/794/Empire-Builder-050714.pdf|title=''Empire Builder''|website=amtrak.com|publisher=[[Amtrak]]|page=2|date=May 7, 2014|accessdate=July 8, 2014}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} The next stop westbound is `{{amtk|Staples}}`{=mediawiki} while the next stop eastbound is Saint Paul Union Depot.`{{refn|group="Note"|For over twenty-five years prior to May 7, 2014, the next eastbound stop was at the [[Midway station (Minnesota)|Midway station]], located west of the Saint Paul Union Depot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_25716518/amtraks-arrival-at-union-depot-celebrated|title=After 43 years, St. Paul's Union Depot marks return of passenger trains|last=Melo|first=Fredrick|website=twincitiespress.com|publisher=[[MediaNews Group]]|date=May 7, 2014|accessdate=May 10, 2014}}</ref> The ''[[Empire Builder]]'' was to continue to stop at the Midway station for servicing, but passengers will not be allowed to board or disembark.<ref name="Whats New">{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboardmn.org/?page_id=32|title=What's New|website=www.allaboardmn.org|publisher=All Aboard Minnesota|date=2014|accessdate=May 19, 2014|quote=Amtrak plans to stop the ''Empire Builder'' at Midway each day to water and service the train and add/drop off coaches and private cars.|url-status = dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215020/http://www.allaboardmn.org/?page_id=32|archivedate=May 12, 2014}}</ref> Amtrak is being encouraged to restore service to the Midway Station in addition to the new service to the Saint Paul Depot.<ref name="Whats New"/>}}`{=mediawiki}
## Description
The station is located at 555 East Saint Germain Street on the east side of the Mississippi River in the middle of a wye that links to the St. Cloud Rail Bridge. The depot is easily accessible from US 10 by taking the SH 23 interchange (toward St. Cloud) and heading southwest on 3rd Street Southeast (SH 23), then north-northwest on Lincoln Avenue Southeast, then southeast on East Saint Germain Street, and finally north-northwest again on the station access road (immediately after crossing the tracks). There is an enclosed waiting room (with restrooms) available daily from 4:00 am to 6:00 am and from 11:30 pm to 1:15 am (early the next morning), with a caretaker opening and closing the depot. It has neither ticketing office, ticket counter, nor a Quik-Trak kiosk. No other services are provided at the station (i.e., baggage, lounge, pay phone, etc.). The tracks, platform, depot building, and parking lot are all owned by the BNSF Railway.
## History
It was built in 1909 by the Northern Pacific Railway. The depot is constructed of brown pressed brick with grey granite trim.
The St. Cloud station was served by the *North Coast Hiawatha*, with service from Chicago to Seattle from 1971 until the train was discontinued in 1979. The next westbound stop for the *North Coast Hiawatha* was in Staples and the next eastbound stop was in Minneapolis, Minnesota. When the *North Coast Hiawatha* was discontinued in 1979, the *Empire Builder* was rerouted away from Willmar, Minnesota to St. Cloud and has served the station continuously since then. The next westbound stop for the *Empire Builder* is also in Staples and the next eastbound stop is in Saint Paul. However, in 2014, Amtrak service in Saint Paul was moved from the Midway Station to the Saint Paul Union Depot.
The station is one of three in Minnesota and 78 across the Amtrak network listed in a 2021 settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice over inaccessible facilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act. New station platforms, walkways, lighting, and other accessibility improvements will be constructed between Amtrak\'s fiscal year 2024 and 2026.
## Future service {#future_service}
The Northstar commuter rail service was originally planned to originate in Rice, Minnesota and serve the St. Cloud station, but was cut back to Big Lake. On November 8, 2010, it was announced that extension of the line to St. Cloud had been indefinitely delayed, as projected ridership is not sufficient to qualify for federal funding.
The station was considered as a possible endpoint for the *Borealis* service that started running in 2024, but it began operation with its western terminus in St. Paul. In 2023, \$4 million was included in the Minnesota state budget to study a daytime train service between the Twin Cities and Fargo, North Dakota, a service that would include stops at St. Cloud station
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# Staples station
**Staples station** is an Amtrak intercity train station in Staples, Minnesota, United States, served by Amtrak\'s daily *Empire Builder* service. It was built in December 1909 by the Northern Pacific Railway. The architects of the station were Charles A. Reed and Allen H. Stem, who also designed the Northern Pacific\'s King Street Station in Seattle, Washington, and the New York Central Railroad\'s Grand Central Terminal in New York City.
In the mid-2000s the city began negotiations with BNSF with the intent to purchase and rehabilitate the depot, which was largely empty and not well maintained. The sale was finalized in February 2008 and the depot is now owned and managed by the Staples Historical Society (SHS). Since then the SHS has undertaken a handful of important improvement projects, such as installing a new roof and repairing historic windows. The group is also searching for funding to undertake a full-scale rehabilitation of the interior and mechanical systems. Ultimately the SHS hopes to restore the second floor so that it can house the Staples Historical Society Museum. The local chamber of commerce currently occupies the ticket office adjacent to the waiting room.
The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 2008.
The station is one of three in Minnesota and 78 across the Amtrak network listed in a 2021 settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice over inaccessible facilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Under the ADA Stations Program (ADASP), Amtrak plans to update the station with new platforms, walkways, railings, signage and other improvements by the company\'s fiscal year 2026.
In 2023, \$4 million was included in the Minnesota state budget to study a daytime train service between the Twin Cities and Fargo, North Dakota, a service that would include stops at Staples station
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# Christoph Helvig
**Christoph Helvig** (1581--1617) was a German chronologist and historian, theologian and linguist.
Helvig was born at Sprendlingen. In chronology he generally was a follower of Joseph Scaliger. He is mentioned by Sir Thomas Browne, and John Locke. He remained an authority cited well into the eighteenth century; Samuel Johnson\'s *General Plan of Education* described a course in this way:
> The technical part of chronology, or the art of computing and adjusting time, as it is very difficult, so it is not of absolute necessity, but should, however, be taught, so far as it can be learned without the loss of those hours which are required for attainments of nearer concern. The student may join with this treatise Le Clerc\'s Compendium of History; and afterwards may, for the historical part of chronology, procure Helvicus\'s and Isaacson\'s Tables; and, if he is desirous of attaining the technical part, may first peruse Holder\'s Account of Time, Hearne\'s Ductor Historicus, Strauchius, the first part of Petavius\'s Rationarium Temporum; and, at length, Scaliger de Emendatiene Temporum. And, for instruction in the method of his historical studies, he may consult Hearne\'s Ductor Historicus, Wheare\'s Lectures, Rawlinson\'s Directions for the Study of History; and, for ecclesiastical history, Cave and Dupin, Baronius and Fleury.
His *Theatrum historicum et chronologicum* was published in 1609.
The *Compendiosa Institutio Linguæ Ebraicae* was a Hebrew grammar. He became professor of Greek and Oriental languages and of theology at the University of Giessen
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# The Shadow (video game)
***The Shadow*** is a video game based on the 1994 Universal film of the same name. It was planned for release in 1994 on the Super NES, alongside other systems, but was canceled.
## Gameplay
The gameplay is similar to other Beat \'em up games such as *Final Fight* or *Double Dragon*, where the player controls The Shadow through several levels (including streets, museums, carnivals and laboratories) fighting against various enemies, like hoodlums, Mongol Warriors, scientists, security guards and sailors. The player has two bars; one is the life bar and the other is a bar which allows the player to perform special moves (invisibility, a lunging dash and a dome force field that knocks down everyone who is caught in its radius). The regular beat \'em up levels also include a section for gunplay, where the player is able to shoot enemies. It also contains a driving stage where The Shadow battles the Mongols on motorbikes (Maritech Labs).
## Plot
The game roughly follows the plot of the movie, where The Shadow fights crime in New York city, until he is confronted by the evil mastermind Shiwan Khan. Khan intends to use an atomic bomb to blow up the city, culminating in a showdown at the hidden Hotel Monolith.
## Development
*The Shadow* was developed by British studio Ocean Software, which was famous for acquiring licenses for games based on major motion pictures during this period. Ocean\'s vice president of development, Gary Bracey, considered *The Shadow* as the next big movie license after the company\'s *Batman*. Though not particularly impressed with the script for *The Shadow*, Bracey was able to meet with the film\'s director Russell Mulcahy and star Alec Baldwin while optioning the game tie-in. Production on the game was led by Brian Flanagan, who described it as a \"messy project\". Flanagan was its designer and lead artist, having created its sprites and a large portion of its backgrounds. Versions were developed for the SNES and Sega Genesis. The SNES version was completed and review copies were even sent to gaming magazines prior to its scheduled release. However, it was ultimately cancelled due to the film\'s low box-office gross.
A version of the game was also being developed and planned to be published by Ocean Software for the Atari Jaguar CD as one of the first games announced for the then-upcoming add-on. However, development for the port was scrapped in favor of creating a conversion of *Lobo*, an unreleased fighting game based on the DC Comics character of the same name that was also in development by Ocean.
## Reception
*Next Generation* reviewed the SNES version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that \"The Shadow boils down to a \'take-it-or-leave-it\' no-brainer of a title\"
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# Jacques I, Prince of Monaco
**Jacques I** (Jacques François Léonor Goyon de Grimaldi; 21 November 1689 -- 23 April 1751) was Prince of Monaco from 1731 to 1733. He was also Duke of Valentinois from 1716 until 1733, and Count of Thorigny. For ten months preceding his regency, he had served as prince consort to his wife, Princess Louise Hippolyte.
## Life and reign {#life_and_reign}
Jacques came from an ancient Norman family. \"Thorigny\" is now called Torigni-sur-Vire, where the *Mairie* is the former family chateau, the Château des Matignon. His uncle was Marshal Charles Auguste de Goÿon de Matignon.
He was a son of Jacques Goÿon de Matignon, *jure uxoris* Comte de Thorigny, and Charlotte Goyon de Matignon, Comtesse de Thorigny *suo jure*.
When Antonio I of Monaco and his wife Marie de Lorraine-Armagnac were looking for a consort for their daughter and heir Louise Hippolyte of Monaco, the family proposed him as a candidate. His candidacy was supported by King Louis XIV of France, who wanted to solidify French influence in Monaco.
Jacques and Louise Hippolyte married on 20 October 1715 and had nine children. The wedding ceremony was the first official act that the five-year-old king, Louis XV, carried out during the Regency of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans.
The marriage wasn\'t very happy. Jacques preferred to stay more in Versailles, where he had several mistresses, than in Monaco.
After the death of Antonio I of Monaco, Louise Hippolyte traveled from Paris to Monaco on 4 April 1731 and received an enthusiastic reception by the population. When Jacques joined her several times later, the reception was much colder.
Jacques served as regent for his wife from 21 February 1731 to her death. At the end of 1731, Louise Hippolyte died of smallpox. Jacques I neglected the affairs of state and, under pressure from the population, had to leave the country in May 1732.
Jacques abdicated in favor of his son Honoré on November 7, 1733.
He spent the last years of his life in Versailles and Paris. It was at Versailles that Louise-Françoise de Bourbon-Maine, a grand daughter of Louis XIV and his mistress, Madame de Montespan, was proposed as a wife for the widowed prince; despite having a large dowry, (she was the daughter of the Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine and his wife, Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon) the marriage never materialised and the prince never married again.
His Paris residence was named after him Hôtel Matignon and is today the official residence of the Prime Minister of France. Prior to his death, he was a frequent visitor to Versailles with his son.
## Issue
1. Antoine Charles Marie (16 December 1717 -- 4 February 1718), \"Marquis des Baux Count of Matignon\", died in infancy.
2. Charlotte Thérèse Nathalie (19 March 1719 -- 1790), nun at the Convent of Visitation in Paris.
3. Honoré III Camille Léonor (10 November 1720 -- 21 March 1795), successor of his father.
4. Charles Marie Auguste (1 January 1722 -- 24 August 1749), \"Count of Carladés\", died unmarried and without issue.
5. Jacques (9 June 1723 -- 10 June 1723) died in infancy.
6. Louise Françoise (15 July 1724 -- 15 September 1729), *Mademoiselle des Baux*, died in childhood.
7. François Charles (4 February 1726 -- 9 December 1743), \"Count of Thorigny\", died unmarried without issue.
8. Charles Maurice (14 May 1727 -- 18 January 1798), *Count of Valentinois*; married on 10 November 1749 to Marie Chrétienne de Rouvroy; no issue.
9. Marie Françoise Anne Thérése (20 July 1728 -- 20 June 1743), *Mademoiselle d\'Estouteville*, died unmarried and without issue
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# Sabrina Dhawan
**Sabrina Dhawan** is an Indian screenwriter and producer, born in England and raised in Delhi, India.
Dhawan is a Professor and the area head of screenwriting at the Tisch School of the Arts, New York University. She has been commissioned to write for many large companies including Disney, HBO, ABC Family and 20th Century Fox. She has taught at filmmaking labs all over the world.
Dhawan is most well known for her writing credits on various feature-length films, as well as some producing and directing work on her own independent short films. She works a great deal within Indian and Bollywood cinema. *Monsoon Wedding*, a 2001 film directed by Mira Nair, is one of her earliest and most well known works, launching her screenwriting career.
Dhawan has a brief acting cameo in *Monsoon Wedding* as a wedding guest.
## Early life {#early_life}
Dhawan was born in England and raised in Delhi. Dhawan attended both the Convent of Jesus and Mary as well as Delhi Public School for her elementary education. She then went on to Hindu College to obtain her Bachelor of Arts and to Leicester University, U.K. for a Masters of Arts in Communications Research. Dhawan then moved to New York City, where she graduated from Columbia University\'s Graduate Film Program in 2001 with a Masters of Fine Arts in Film.
Her student short film, *(Saanjh) As Night Falls,* which she made during the last years of her MFA, has been successful since its release in 2000.
## Career
Graduating from Columbia in 2001, the same year as the release of *Monsoon Wedding*, Dhawan\'s career was almost immediate. In fact, Dhawan wrote the first draft of the screenplay while she was still in school - it only took her about a week. Fusing Hindi, Punjabi, and English, Dhawan wrote the multi-lingual script for *Monsoon Wedding*. The film was premiered in the Marché du Film section of the 2001 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for various awards, including a Golden Globe.
After their pairing on *Monsoon Wedding*, Dhawan and Nair formed a brief partnership in which Dhawan worked as Nair\'s assistant at Columbia sometime in the early 2000s. She also wrote the segment \"India\" (directed by Nair) in *11\'09\"01 September 11*, a series of short films for Canal Plus in 2002.
Dhawan\'s short film *(Saanjh) As Night Falls* was awarded the Best of the Festival at the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films. It also received the Audience Award at Angelus Awards; and was voted \"Most Original Film,\" by New Line Cinema at the Polo Ralph Lauren New Works Festival in 2000.
In 2009, Dhawan acted as co-producer for the first three episodes of a TV Series titled *Bollywood Hero*.
In 2016, Dhawan co-wrote the film *Rangoon*, with Vishal Bharadwaj and Matthew Robbins.
Dhawan worked with Mira Nair to create a stage adaptation of *Monsoon Wedding* which ran at the Berkeley Repertory Theater in California in 2017.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 2006, Dhawan married Steve Cohen, who wrote the screenplay for *The Bachelor* (1999) starring Chris O\'Donnell and Renée Zellweger. Cohen died on 29 September 2012.
Dhawan was living in New York City with their son, Kabir
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# Adalberto Santiago
**Adalberto Santiago** (born April 23, 1937) is an internationally known salsa singer.
## Career
Born April 23, 1937, in Pozas barrio, Ciales, Puerto Rico, Adalberto\'s relaxed and flawless lead vocals are among the best in the salsa genre of Latin music. His early influences included the great Cuban vocalists Beny Moré and Miguelito Cuní. Santiago started his professional career singing with trios and playing guitar and bass. After stints with the bands of Chuíto Vélez, where he was called \"The Puerto Rican Elvis Presley\", Willie Rosario and Willie Rodriguez, his career reached new heights when he joined Ray Barretto\'s band. Between 1966 and 1972, Adalberto made seven studio albums with Ray Barretto, that contained hit songs like \"Quitate La Mascara\" and \"Alma Con Alma\". During this time period he also became an original founding member of the salsa \"super-group\" The Fania All-Stars. In late 1972, Adalberto and four other members of Barretto\'s band departed to found Típica 73. He appeared on three of their albums before disagreement over musical direction led him, and three other band members, to split during the mid-1970s to form Los Kimbos. Santiago sang lead vocals on charanga albums, *Fantasía Africana/African Fantasy* and *Our Heritage - Nuestra Herencia*, by flautist, composer and producer Lou Pérez.
Los Kimbos had a similar sound to both the pre-split Ray Barretto and Típica 73 outfits. With Los Kimbos, Adalberto recorded *Los Kimbos* (1976) and *The Big Kimbos With Adalberto Santiago* (1977). That year he also made his solo debut on *Adalberto*, which was produced by Barretto. Los Kimbos continued under the leadership of Orestes Vilató. Santiago sang lead on one track on *Louie Ramírez y Sus Amigos* by Louie Ramírez. In 1979, Adalberto and Ramírez co-produced his solo follow-up, *Adalberto Featuring Popeye El Marino*. The same year, he reunited with Barretto on *Rican/Struction*. Barretto produced Adalberto\'s next solo album, *Feliz Me Siento* (1980). Sonora Matancera member, Javier Vázquez, produced, arranged, directed and played piano on *Adalberto Santiago*, which was Adalberto\'s contribution to the early 1980s típico salsa revival. In 1982, Santiago joined with Roberto Roena for *Super Apollo 47:50*. Santiago then co-produced *Calidad* with Papo Lucca, who also played piano, and oversaw musical direction. His *Cosas Del Alma* was an album of boleros which included his third recorded version of \"Alma Con Alma\" (which was previously contained on Barretto\'s *The Message* and *Gracias* ), and featured arrangements made by Steve Sacks, Ray Santos and Alberto Naranjo, among others. He returned to Salsa Dura in 1985 on *Más Sabroso*.
Adalberto did his own version of salsa romántica on *Sex Symbol*, with production, arrangements, musical direction and piano by Isidro Infante. This album produced one of Santiago\'s biggest solo hit songs \"La Noche Mas Linda Del Mundo\". In 1990, he again performed \"Alma Con Alma\", this time arranged by Infante in a salsa romántica style for Louie Ramírez\'s second album entitled *Louie Ramírez y Sus Amigos*.
Santiago has written songs for a number of the albums on which he has appeared, both as lead singer and solo artist, and provided compositions for other artists to record, such as Joe Cuba. He has appeared in Robin Williams\'s movie *Moscow on the Hudson*, and provided music for Al Pacino\'s *Carlito\'s Way* as well as appearing as himself in the film *Our Latin Thing* and the Academy Award winning documentary *Summer Of Soul*.
Adalberto, now in his 80s, continues to record and perform in the US, Europe, and South America. In 2022 he recorded a Trap / Reggaeton style song \"Quitate\" with noted rappers Jon Z. and Nengo Flow. His discography is at 100 and counting. He is celebrating more than 60+ years as a professional musician. He resides in his native Puerto Rico and in New York City. His nephews Johnny Rivera and Tony Vega are also notable salsa singers.
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# Adalberto Santiago
## Discography
### Solo
- Adalberto. Fania Records; 1977
- Adalberto Santiago Featuring Popeye El Marino. Fania Records JM 536; 1979
- Feliz Me Siento. Fania Records; 1980
- Adalberto Santiago. Fania Records; 1981
- Calidad. Fania Records; 1982
- *Cosas del Alma*. WS Latino 4163, 1984
- Más Sabroso. Budda Records 011; 1985
- Fania Dancing Club Collection #7. Fania Records; 1985
- Sex Symbol. Mayor Music 001; 1989
- Hay Algo En Ella. JV Music 001; 1991
- Romantico Y Salsero, Exitos. La Ola Musical; 2009
- Exitos. Edenways Records EDE 1310-1; 2010
### With Chuito Velez {#with_chuito_velez}
- Chuito Velez. Chuito Velez Y Sus Estrellas Boricuas. La Flor Records; 1958
- Chuito Velez. Hojas Muertas. DECCA Records; 1960
- Chuito Velez. Si Pancha Plancha. La Flor Records; 1962
- Chuito Velez. A Go-Go. SEECO Records; 1964
### With Ray Barretto {#with_ray_barretto}
- Ray Barretto. Latino Con Soul. WS Latino 4053; 1966
- Ray Barretto. Acid. Fania Records LP 346; 1967
- Ray Barretto. Hard Hands. Fania Records LP 362; 1968
- Ray Barretto. Together. Fania Records LP 378; 1969
- Ray Barretto. Barretto Power. Fania Records 391; 1970
- Ray Barretto. The Message. Fania Records SLP 403; 1971
- Ray Barretto. From The Beginning. Fania Records; 1971
- Ray Barretto. Qué Viva la Música. Fania Records 427; 1972
**\* Ray Barretto. Barretto Live In New York: Tomorrow. Messidor Records 15950; 1976 \*GRAMMY NOMINATION\***
- Ray Barretto. Energy To Burn. Fania Records; 1977
- Ray Barreto. Gracias. Fania Records JM 528; 1979
- Ray Barretto. Rican/Struction. Fania Records JM 552; 1979
**\* Ray Barretto, Celia Cruz, Adalberto Santiago. Tremendo Trío!. Fania Records 623; 1983 \*GRAMMY NOMINATION\***
- Ray Barretto. The Giant Of Salsa, Live 50th Anniversary. AJ Records-Sony Discos; 2001
### With Típica 73 {#with_típica_73}
- Típica 73. Típica 73. Inca Records SLP; 1973
- Típica 73 (Stock Certificate Cover). Típica 73. Inca Records SLP; 1974
- Típica 73. La Candela. Inca Records SLP 1043; 1975
- Típica 73. Típica 73\...74\...75\...76. Inca Records; 1978
- Típica 73. Típica 73 Live. AJ Records; 2002
### With Los Kimbos {#with_los_kimbos}
- Los Kimbos con Adalberto Santiago. Cotique CS 1083; 1976
- The Big Kimbos with Adalberto Santiago. Cotique CS 1091; 1977
### With The Fania All Stars {#with_the_fania_all_stars}
- Fania All Stars. Live at the Red Garter, Vol. 1&2 (2LPs). Fania Records; 1968
- Fania All Stars. Our Latin Thing. Fania Records SLP 431; 1972
- Fania All Stars. Fania All Stars Live At The Cheetah Vol. 1&2 (2LPs). Fania Records SLP 00415 y SLP 00416; 1972
- Fania All Stars. Super Salsa Singers, Vol. 1&2 (2LPs). Fania Records; 1977
- Fania All Stars. Greatest Hits. Fania Records; 1977
- Fania All Stars. Habana Jam. Fania Records FA 116; 1979
- Fania All Stars. Commitment. Fania Records 564; 1980
- Fania All Stars. Latin Connection. Fania Records; 1981
- Fania All Stars. Lo Que Pide La Gente. Fania Records JM 629; 1984
- Fania All Stars. Live In Puerto Rico, June 1994. Fania Records 684; 1995
- Fania All Stars. Viva Colombia: En Concierto (2 CD). Latina 225; 1997
- Fania All Stars. Hommage A Jerry Masucci. Sonido Inc.; 1997
- Fania All Stars. Bravo 97. Sony 82351; 1997
- Fania All Stars. Hot Sweat, The Best Of Live. Vampisoul Records;2005
- Fania All Stars. Campeones. Codigo Music; 2010
- Fania All Stars. Ponte Duro. Fania Records; 2010
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# Adalberto Santiago
## Discography
### Contributions
- Willie Rosario. Boogaloo y Guaguanco. ATCO Records; 1968
- Willie Rodriguez. Colorin Colorao. Fonseca Records; 1968
- Willie Rodriguez. Heat Wave. Fonseca Records; 1969
- Larry Harlow. Hommy, A Latin Opera. Fania Records; 1973
- Impacto Crea. Christmas. VAYA Records; 1973
- Impacto Crea. Cobarde. VAYA Records; 1974
- Various Artists. Franklin Key Presenta Rumba Con Los Mejores. Inca Records; 1975
- Lou Perez. Fantasia Africana. WSL Records; 1975
- Lou Perez. Nuestra Herencia. TICO Records; 1976
- Pancho Cristal. Super Típica De Estrellas. All-Art Records; 1976
- Andy Harlow. Pura Salsa! Con Lo Mejor De Andy Harlow. Discos Completo, S.A.; 1977
- Louie Ramírez. Louie Ramírez Y Sus Amigos. Cotique Records 1096; 1978
- Linda Leida. Electricando Linda. TR Records; 1978
**\* Tito Puente. Homenaje A Beny More, Vol 1&2 (2 LP\'s). TICO Records; 1979 \*GRAMMY WINNER\***
- Mario Allison. A Fondo. FTA Records; 1979
- Louie Ramírez. Salsero. Cotique Records 1104; 1980
- Artistas de La Fania. Aeropuerto 81. Fania Records; 1980
- Roberto Roena y su Apollo Sound. Super Apollo 47:50. Fania Records LP 609; 1982
- Celia Cruz & Tito Puente. Homenaje A Beny More. VAYA Records; 1985
- Alfredo Rodriguez. Monsieur Oh La La. Caiman Records; 1985
- Alfredo Valdes Jr. Charanga Ranchera. The Mayor Records; 1989
- Isidro Infante. Salsa Sudada. Valdesa Records; 1990
- Various Artists. Bailoteca Vol: 12. FM Records; 1990
- Louie Ramirez. Louie Ramirez Y Sus Amigos. CaChe Records; 1990
**\* Linda Ronstadt. Frenesi. Elektra, Rhino; 1992 \*GRAMMY WINNER\***
- Candido Antomattei. Candido Y Las Super Estrellas. La Plata Records; 1994
- Orquesta Inmensidad. La Danza De Los Millones. Orlcon Records; 1995
- David Rothschild. Lookin\'Up!. Via Jazz Records; 1998
- Larry Harlow. Larry Harlow\'s Latin Legends Band 1998. Sony Music; 1998
- Various Artists. Coleccion Estelar De Salsa Dura. BCI Latino: 2000
- Various Artists. Salsa ! Demon Music Group; 2000
- Son 80s. Live At S.O.B.s. Exclusivo Records; 2001
- David Gonzalez with Larry Harlow. Sofrito. RainArt Productions; 2001
- Papo Lucca. Festival De Boleros. Flowmusic; 2002
- Jazz Hamilton. Jazz Hamilton Y Las Estrellas Del Pueblo. La Rosevelt Records; 2004
- Homenaje A Frankie Ruiz. Va Por Ti Frankie! Sony Music; 2004
- Johnny Pacheco. Entre Amigos. Bronco Records; 2005
- Ralph Irizarry & Soncafe. Tribute. BKS Records; 2006
- Various Artists. FANIA Soneros De Siempre Vol. 1. Universal Music; 2006
- Johnny Cruz. Back To The Classics. Tiffany Records; 2006
- Larry Harlow. Larry Harlow\'s Latin Legends Of Fania. Image Entertainment; 2007
- Mario Ortiz All-Star Band. Tributo A Mario Ortiz. Sony Music; 2009
- Luis Gonzalez. Tributo A Un Gigante. Tsunami Records; 2010
- Estrellas De La Salsa. 25 Aniversario Tropical Budda Records Vol. 1. West Side Beat; 2011
- Tribute To Ray Barretto. La Era Del Palladium. Sony Music; 2011
- Alfredo De La Fe & Rodry-Go. Sin Limites. No Borders Entertainment; 2013
- Edwin Clemente. Dos Generaciones En Salsa. Epacaje Records; 2015
- Orquesta Abran Paso. Back To The 70s. Abran Paso Records; 2015
- Orquesta Abran Paso. Salsa Radio-Activa. Abran Paso Records; 2019
- Johnny Cruz. Trayectoria De Clasicos. Cruz Music Inc.; 2019
- Orquesta Abran Paso. Clasicos En Vivo Vol. 1
| 538 |
Adalberto Santiago
| 2 |
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# Sphagnum affine
***Sphagnum affine***, the **imbricate bogmoss**, is a species of **peat moss** or **sphagnum moss** which is exploited to make commercial peat products. This moss has a yellowish coloring
| 31 |
Sphagnum affine
| 0 |
9,998,755 |
# Frequencies (album)
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unexpected '{'
{{Album chart|UK2|42|date=19910728|access-date=14 September 2019|rowheader=true}}
^
``
| 20 |
Frequencies (album)
| 0 |
9,998,773 |
# Charles F. Winslow
**Dr. Charles Frederick Winslow** (30 June 1811 -- 7 July 1877) was a medical doctor, diplomat, writer, and scientist born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. He received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1834. He is the author of \"Force and Nature\", an early work on atomic theory. He served as a physician in Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii from 1844 to 1847, and also in Nantucket, Massachusetts. He was appointed U.S. Consul at Payta, Peru, a noted whaling port, in 1862. He died July 7, 1877. After his death, he was cremated in Salt Lake City, Utah, on July 31, 1877. This was the second recorded cremation in U.S.history. His heart is buried in Nantucket, in the Newtown Burial Ground. His ashes are buried with his wife\'s remains in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
## Books
*Cosmography, or the Philosophical View of the Universe (1853)*
*Preparation of the Earth for Intellectual Races (a transcription of a lecture to the California Assembly) (1854)*
*The Cooling Globe (1865)*
*Forces of Nature: Attraction and Repulsion (1869)*`{{botanist|C
| 173 |
Charles F. Winslow
| 0 |
9,998,809 |
# Libertad Leblanc
**Libertad María de los Ángeles Vichich Blanco** (`{{IPA|es|liβeɾˈtað ˈleβlaŋk}}`{=mediawiki}; 24 February 1938`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}29 April 2021) was an Argentine film actress, famous for starring in several erotic films during the 1960s.
Leblanc was one of Argentina\'s platinum blonde sex symbols in the 1960s and 1970s, the buxom blonde appeared in a number of adult-oriented films often with nudity or sexual content such as *Harassed* (*Acosada*)(1964). Many of her films were controversial; the 1968 film *La Endemoniada* was also known in English as *A Woman Possessed*, a vampirish horror film with explicit nudity. In 1967 she appeared in the lustful *La Venus maldita*. In 1969 she appeared in *Deliciosamente amoral*, again lined with controversy.
Leblanc also appeared in TV versions of *Nana* (the novel of Émile Zola), *Lola Montès* and *Lady Hamilton*.
She was offered a contract from Columbia Pictures, but her ex-husband refused to let her leave with her daughter to another country, so she declined the offer. Also, she was considered a \"rival\" of Isabel Sarli, who made the same style of films. Mirtha Legrand reunited both stars in 1994, when Libertad admitted that their \"rivalry\" was only a LeBlanc publicity stunt, so both film stars remained friends until their death. Leblanc jokingly suggested Sarli get rid of her pets. Isabel, for her part, showed Libertad up every time she brazenly took years off of the blonde diva\'s actual age. In the same manner, she told that she was a nineteen-year-old divorcée in the early sixties.
## Biography
Libertad Leblanc\'s paternal grandfather was a Slovenian landowner, who settled in Río Negro. She was named by her father Libertad, which means \"Freedom\" in the Spanish Language. Her father was a handy businessman who was murdered, and whose skill for business and negotiation she inherited and would later use frequently as an actress. Libertad was considered \"naughty\" and playful in her childhood and so, after her widow mother found a second husband, she entrusted the girl\'s education to a Catholic school ruled by nuns. Leblanc was expelled from the school four times, and every time that happened her grandmother bribed the nuns with big donations, so young Libertad was always readmitted. Passionate about acting since childhood, she used to take part in school plays as María de los Remedios de Escalada and the Virgin Mary. In those years, she threw an inkwell against a nun\'s neck and the latter had to be hospitalized due to intense bleeding.
She married movie producer Leonardo Barujel; her father-in-law adored her and had a lovely family home set up in Córdoba. The latter insisted that while was sweet enough to be Leonardo\'s wife, his son was not the best choice for a spouse, also telling her: \"You should give that crazy one up\". In fact, he was so glad with Leblanc as a daughter-in-law that he proposed Libertad the idea of replacing her husband Leonardo with another son of him, hence Leblanc\'s brother-in-law. Eventually the couple divorced.
Libertad was strongly resolute to become an artist against the familiar opposition and her former spouse\'s wishes, who expected that she would renew their married life after starving and practicing penance in a convent. However, her popularity aborted that idea: with few money but with brilliant ideas for publicity, she unexpectedly posed in a bikini on a trampoline at a Venezuelan hotel while famous movie star Graciela Borges answered journalists\' questions regarding the Cannes Film Festival; photographers started to capture her and press workers approached to the then unknown starlet, suddenly attracting all the attention.
Another publicity stunt created by Leblanc was probably her most successful in Argentina and abroad: for one of her first movies, Libertad had special posters made for every local cinema, stating: \"Libertad Leblanc, Isabel Sarli\'s rival\". \"I admired Isabel\'s career because when the sixties started she had become a living goddess in American countries and even in Great Britain\", Leblanc would confess decades later. Consequently, film directors and producers contacted and started bankrolling Libertad Leblanc\'s films, and soon her initial leading roles on screen turned out to be profitable enough to begin her independent life. And, most important of all: Libertad deliberately made it without a manager, and she would always manage her own career. Thus, in her late twenties, the newly acclaimed actress took a stance as a «self-made woman» who did not want to remain subjected to anyone else.
Following her marital failure and subsequent divorce with Barujel, and although she kept herself \"marriageable\", she preferred to have torrid and fleeting affairs with fancy men than a stable marital union. Big-bottomed men were repulsive to her and she always felt attracted by brawny males. In her adult decades, she acquired an apartment in Madrid as well as another in Catalonia.
Her mental inquisitiveness was one of her distinctive traits. She described herself as an agnostic and an amateur gardener, and stated that having a clear conscience was paramount for her.
Libertad was shown in a photo with two lines of artificial eyelashes and two wigs off simultaneously, with the result that she appeared on screen as a transvestite, of which she was deeply proud.
She would occasionally get \"carried away\" by what would be described as a very strong eleutheromania that made her travel over Asia and Europe in her leisure time. She would claim that she lived in accordance with what her first name means (*Libertad* meaning \"freedom\" in Spanish).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
She was married and later divorced to producer Leonardo Barujel.
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# Libertad Leblanc
## Filmography
- *Standard* (1989)
- *Furia en la isla* (1976) with Lily
- *Olga, la hija de aquella princesa rusa* (1972)
- *Cerco de terror* (1972)
- *Mujeres de medianoche* (1969)
- *Cautiva de la selva* (1969)
- *La culpa* (1969) with Márgara
- *Deliciosamente amoral* (1969)
- *La endemoniada* (1968)
- *Psexoanálisis* (1968)
- *La casa de Madame Lulú* (1968)
- *El satánico* (1968)
- *4 contra el crimen* (1968)
- *Noches prohibidas* (1968)
- *Esclava del deseo* (1968)
- *El derecho de gozar* (1968)
- *Seis Días para Morir (La Rabia)* (1967)
- *Cuando los hombres hablan de mujeres* (1967)
- *La Perra* (1967)
- *La Venus maldita* (1967)
- *La piel desnuda* (1966)
- *Fuego en la sangre* (1965)
- *La cómplice* (1965)
- *Una mujer sin precio* (1964)
- *María M
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9,998,826 |
# J. M. Johnson
Chief **Joseph Modupe Johnson**`{{Audio|Yo-Joseph Modupe Johnson.ogg|Listen|help=no}}`{=mediawiki} CFR, (30 March 1912 -- 15 June 1987), was a Nigerian politician and Federal Cabinet Minister.
## Life
He was born in Lagos, and was educated at the William Wilberforce Academy.
After a brief stint in the Nigerian Army during World War II, he returned to civil life after the war\'s end and was a bank clerk, and a radio broadcaster for a few years. From 1948, he tried his hands in business and politics, was elected into the Ibadan District Council the same year, and later became the first and only ever non-indigene to serve as the Chairman of the council. In 1956 he became a Nigerian federal cabinet minister and served in internal affairs, later in labour and social welfare and sports, acting twice as Prime Minister in the coalition Government.
In these capacities, he distinguished himself by resigning as President of the Nigerian branch of the ILO, protesting the admission of South Africa as member. He built the first and largest National Sports Stadium in Lagos, attended the victorious battle of Nigeria\'s Middleweight and Light Heavyweight Boxing champion of the world, Dick Tiger vs Gene Fullmer in California, and in collaboration with London-based world-renowned boxing promoter, Jack Solomons, staged the very first world boxing title fight in Africa, in Ibadan, Western Nigeria, between Tiger and Fullmer, in 1963, well before the much publicized Rumble in the Jungle fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman in Zaire, in 1974.
In 1963 he retired from politics by declining to contest the General Elections. This was, as he put it, to make way for the young, which endeared him to many Nigerians. Born into Lagosian and Brazilian families in Lafiaji, Lagos, he was described as tall, handsome, flamboyant, gregarious and renowned as a ladies man. He is said to have sired several children from mothers of diverse backgrounds and ethnicities. His second son, Abiola, followed in his footsteps, became a politician and was a Regional Minister in Lagos
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9,998,851 |
# Lani Smith
**Lani Smith** (1934 -- 2015) was an American organist best known for his church music compositions. He served as an editor, composer, and arranger on the Lorenz Publishing editorial staff between 1967 and 1982. During this time, he received composing and arranging credits for over 1000 works. Smith died on June 24, 2015.
Smith was such a prolific composer/arranger that he published under at least seven names: his own, plus the pseudonyms Tom Birchwood, Edward Broughton, Christopher Gale, David Paxton, Gerald Peterson, and Franklin Ritter
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Lani Smith
| 0 |
9,998,855 |
# Bob Kipper
**Robert Wayne Kipper** (born July 8, 1964) is an American professional baseball coach and a former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. He has also spent two terms (all of the 2002 season, and part of the 2015 season) as bullpen coach of MLB\'s Boston Red Sox.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
A native of Aurora, Illinois, Kipper, a left-hander, stood 6 ft tall and weighed 200 lb during his active career. After graduating from Aurora Central Catholic High School, he was selected by the California Angels with the eighth pick in the first round of the 1982 Major League Baseball Draft. He had signed to play baseball at Nebraska before his selection. Kipper led the Class A California League in wins (18) and earned run average (2.04) as his league\'s \"pitcher of the year\" in 1984. He made his MLB debut with the Angels in April `{{baseball year|1985}}`{=mediawiki} at age 20, but was ineffective in two games pitched and was returned to the minor leagues.
Kipper was sent from the Angels to the Pirates on August 16, 1985 to complete a trade from two weeks prior on August 2 that also had Pat Clements and Mike Brown coming to Pittsburgh for John Candelaria, George Hendrick and Al Holland. He would pitch in 247 games for the Pirates over all or parts of seven seasons (1985--91)---initially as a starter, but then as a relief specialist---before finishing his MLB career for the Minnesota Twins in `{{baseball year|1992}}`{=mediawiki}.
In his eight-season MLB career, Kipper posted a 27--37 record with a 4.43 ERA and 11 saves in 271 appearances. He allowed 527 hits and 217 bases on balls, with 369 strikeouts, and 562 innings pitched.
## Post-playing career {#post_playing_career}
Following his playing retirement, Kipper has worked as a pitching coach in independent league baseball and in the minor leagues. He also spent a full season as major league bullpen coach of the 2002 Boston Red Sox. Thirteen years later, on August 16, 2015, he was named Boston\'s interim bullpen coach, part of a chain reaction of moves driven by manager John Farrell\'s medical leave of absence for treatment of lymphoma. In Farrell\'s absence, bench coach Torey Lovullo became acting manager and bullpen coach Dana LeVangie became acting bench coach.
A member of the Boston Red Sox organization since 1999, Kipper has coached for their Lowell Spinners (1999), Augusta GreenJackets (2000--01), Greenville Drive (2005--06; 2008--09; 2018--present), Lancaster JetHawks (2007), Portland Sea Dogs (2003--04; 2010--14), and Pawtucket Red Sox (2015--17) affiliates, working with teams from short-season leagues to Triple-A. Since 2018, Kipper has served as pitching coach of the Drive
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# Advance (album)
***Advance*** is the second studio album by British electronic music duo LFO, released 29 January 1996 by Warp. The album peaked at number 44 on the UK Albums charts and was the final album to feature Gez Varley before he left the group shortly after its release. *Advance* was followed up with *Sheath* in 2003 with only contributions from Bell.
## Production
After the release of their album *Frequencies* (1991), rumors of LFO\'s follow-up was discussed from time to time without any new material being released. AllMusic described the album as \"Nearly legendary as the album-that-almost-never-happened, *Advance* was a full five years in the making, with hardly a peep of new material in between.\" The album was produced by Mark Bell. When asked about the gap between the release dates between *Advance* and *Sheath*, he responded that \"It\'s easy doing your first album as you have all the first part of your life to express. The second one is harder unless you're going to repeat yourself\... and repetition bores me a bit, it\'s a complete wasted opportunity to be creative.\" Tracks 1, 4, 7, 10 and 11 were recorded at LFO Studios while the other tracks were recorded at FON Studios.
Before the release of Björk\'s album *Post* (1995), Mark Bell gave her a cassette of LFO demo material allowing her to use what she wanted for a future release. Björk chose a track that would later become her song \"I Go Humble\". The song would show up again in instrumental form on *Advance* as \"Shove Piggy Shove\".
## Release
*Advance* was released on 29 January 1996. The album was released on vinyl, cassette, compact disc and subsequently as an internet download by Warp Records. *Advance* charted for one week in the United Kingdom, peaking at 44. Shane Danielsen of *The Sydney Morning Herald* noted the lack of notability the album had on its release in their review, stating that LFO \"rarely attract headlines; who, like contemporaries Reload, have looked on as other peers (Aphex, Leftfield) grabbed the press by the throat and held on until it spluttered praise\" while LFO \"languished in comparative obscurity.\" Mark Bell and Gez Varley separated as a group shortly after the release of *Advance*. Varley focused on a solo career, while Bell focused on production with musicians Björk and Depeche Mode. A third LFO album was released in 2003 that was without any contributions from Varley.
## Reception
From contemporary reviews, Danielsen stated that *Advance* was \"more accessible than previous releases would allow\" and that there was \"enough of that mountainous speaker-juddering bass to alienate the timid\" and that the group had \"learnt to write songs, almost.\" AllMusic gave the album a favorable review of four and a half stars out of five, stating that the \"result isn\'t as essential as their debut, but growth and maturity are evident, particularly in the focus and depth of composition.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
Credits adapted from *Advance* liner notes
| 498 |
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| 0 |
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# Nancy Shade
**Nancy Shade** (born May 31, 1946, in Rockford, Illinois) is an American spinto soprano, best known as a singing-actress. She made her formal debut as Leonora in *Il trovatore*, in Louisville, in 1967. In 1971, she made her first of many appearances at the New York City Opera, as Musetta in *La bohème*. She also sang there in *Mefistofele* (directed by Tito Capobianco), *Madama Butterfly* (opposite José Carreras), *Pagliacci*, *Susannah*, and *Die tote Stadt* (in Frank Corsaro\'s production).
In 1973, Shade sang the title role of *Manon Lescaut* (opposite Harry Theyard) at the Spoleto Festival, under the direction of Luchino Visconti conducted by Thomas Schippers. The following year, she sang in a Concert Version of *Mefistofele* at London\'s Royal Festival Hall, opposite Norman Treigle in the name part. In 1976 she created the role of Barbara in the world premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti\'s *The Hero* (conducted by Christopher Keene) with the Opera Company of Philadelphia. That same year she made her Covent Garden debut as Giorgetta in *Il tabarro*, and in 1979, performed the eponymous role of *Lulu* at the Santa Fe Opera, which was the American premiere of the completed, three-act version of the masterpiece. Also in Santa Fe, she appeared in *La traviata* (1976), *Salome* (1976), *Erwartung* (1980) and *We Come to the River* (1984).
For the New Orleans Opera Association, she sang in *Manon Lescaut* (1974), a double-bill of *Il tabarro* and *Pagliacci* (1976), as well as *La bohème* (as Mimì, 1978). At the San Francisco Opera, in 1976, the soprano appeared in the world premiere of Andrew Imbrie\'s *Angle of Repose* (with Chester Ludgin and Susanne Marsee), and returned the following year for Marguerite in *Faust* under the direction of Jean Périsson. She also was seen at the San Diego Opera, in *Mefistofele* (conducted by Werner Torkanowsky, 1973), *La traviata* (1977) and *Falstaff* (1978). The soprano was also heard in the United States premiere of Lowell Liebermann\'s *The Picture of Dorian Gray*, at the Florentine Opera, in 1999, which was broadcast over NPR.
In 1986, she sang Zoe in the world premiere of Hans Zender\'s *Stephen Climax* at the Oper Frankfurt.
One of Shade\'s greatest successes was as Marie in Zimmermann\'s fiercely difficult *Die Soldaten*, which was recorded (with Bernhard Kontarsky conducting, 1988--89) and filmed (in Harry Kupfer\'s production, 1989). She sang the work at the Vienna Staatsoper in 1990, which was preceded by *Salome*. In a different vein, she was in the first complete recording of the musical comedy *The Most Happy Fella* (as Marie), alongside Louis Quilico, which was published in 2000. In the same year, the soprano was also acclaimed for her performance as the Woman in *Erwartung*, at the Prague State Opera
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# Estadio Regional de Los Andes
**Estadio Regional de Los Andes** is a multi-use stadium in Los Andes, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Trasandino. The stadium holds 3,313 people and was built in 1996
| 44 |
Estadio Regional de Los Andes
| 0 |
9,998,899 |
# Toni Livers
**Toni Livers** (born 2 June 1983 in Trun) is a Swiss former cross-country skier. Livers began competing in 2000 and competed in the World Cup from 2003 to 2020. His best individual finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was ninth in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit at Sapporo in 2007.
Livers\' best finish at the Winter Olympics was tenth in the 4 x 10 km relay at Vancouver in 2010.
His only World Cup victory occurred in the 15 km event in Davos, Switzerland, on 3 February 2007. He finished third at the 9 km Final Climb event at the 2014--15 Tour de Ski. Livers also has seven individual victories in lesser events from 2002 to 2005. He retired after the 2019--20 season.
## Cross-country skiing results {#cross_country_skiing_results}
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
### Olympic Games {#olympic_games}
+--------+-------+------------+-------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| Year | Age | 15 km \ | 30 km \ | 50 km \ | Sprint | 4 × 10 km \ | Team \ |
| | | individual | skiathlon | mass start | | relay | sprint |
+========+=======+============+=============+============+==========+==============+==========+
| 2006 | *22* | --- | 40 | 32 | --- | 7 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+-------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2010 | *26* | 12 | 22 | --- | --- | 10 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+-------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2014 | *30* | --- | --- | 30 | --- | 7 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+-------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2018 | *34* | 34 | 40 | --- | --- | 11 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+-------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
### World Championships {#world_championships}
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| Year | Age | 15 km \ | 30 km \ | 50 km \ | Sprint | 4 × 10 km \ | Team \ |
| | | individual | skiathlon | mass start | | relay | sprint |
+========+=======+============+==========================================+============+==========+==============+==========+
| 2005 | *21* | 21 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2007 | *23* | 37 | 9 | --- | --- | 10 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2009 | *25* | 26 | 38 | 14 | --- | 7 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2011 | *27* | --- | 54 | 55 | --- | 9 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2013 | *29* | 16 | --- | --- | --- | 6 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2015 | *31* | 15 | --- | --- | --- | 5 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2017 | *33* | --- | --- | 37 | --- | --- | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
| 2019 | *35* | --- | `{{Abbr|DNS|Did not start}}`{=mediawiki} | 24 | --- | 8 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+----------+
### World Cup {#world_cup}
#### Season standings {#season_standings}
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| Season | Age | Discipline standings | |
+==========+==========+======================+=========+
| Overall | Distance | Sprint | Nordic\ |
| | | | Opening |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2004 | *20* | | |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2005 | *21* | | |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2006 | *22* | 118 | 79 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2007 | *23* | 43 | 23 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2008 | *24* | 55 | 33 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2009 | *25* | 34 | 30 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2010 | *26* | 63 | 33 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2011 | *27* | 93 | 62 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2012 | *28* | 120 | 75 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2013 | *29* | 134 | 85 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2014 | *30* | 99 | 59 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2015 | *31* | 30 | 31 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2016 | *32* | 44 | 28 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2017 | *33* | 36 | 28 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2018 | *34* | 57 | 45 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2019 | *35* | 93 | 60 |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
| 2020 | *36* | | |
+----------+----------+----------------------+---------+
#### Individual podiums {#individual_podiums}
- 1 victory -- (1 `{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
- 2 podiums -- (1 `{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}}`{=mediawiki}, 1 `{{Abbr|SWC|Stage World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
No. Season Date Location Race Level style=\"background-color:#4180be; color:white;\| Place
----- ---------- ----------------- ---------------------- -------------------- ----------------- --------------------------------------------------------
1 2006--07 3 February 2007 Davos, Switzerland 15 km Individual F World Cup **1st**
2 2014--15 11 January 2015 Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km Pursuit F Stage World Cup 3rd
#### Team podiums {#team_podiums}
- 1 victory -- (1 `{{Abbr|RL|Relay}}`{=mediawiki})
- 1 podium -- (1 `{{Abbr|RL|Relay}}`{=mediawiki})
No
| 747 |
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| 0 |
9,998,900 |
# Kenya Cup
The **Kenya Cup** is the top tier club rugby union competition in Kenya organized by the Kenya Rugby Union. For the 2019-2020 season, twelve teams are divided into two pools of six, Each team plays home and away against each team in its pool and once against each team in the other pool. The top six teams in the single-table format qualify for the playoff finals: the top two teams secure a home semi-final. The other four teams are paired into two knock-out games: the winners of the two games each play one of the two top-ranked teams (that had secured an automatic semi-final berth). The winners of the two semi-final fixtures play in the final to determine the overall winner(the top-ranked team before the playoffs hosts the final).
Promotion and relegation exists between the Kenya Cup, Championship and Nationwide leagues. The two lowest placed teams in the Kenya Cup are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams in the Championship are promoted to the Kenya Cup. Games are played on Saturday afternoons usually preceded by corresponding fixtures in the Eric Shirley Shield.
The Kenya Cup was founded in 1970 by the newly formed Kenya Rugby Football Union with the first tournament won by Impala RFC.
KCB RFC retained the Kenya Cup for a third successive time after a 23-15 victory over Kabras Sugar in the final contested on 18 May 2019 at the Kakamega Showgrounds.
## 2021 Kenya Cup teams {#kenya_cup_teams}
Team Location Stadium Capacity
---------------------- --------------- ------------------------------- ----------
Kenya Harlequin F.C. Nairobi RFUEA Ground 6,000
Menengai Oilers Nakuru City Nakuru Showgrounds 6,000
Blak Blad RFC Nairobi City Kenyatta University Grounds 5,000
Kabras Sugar RFC Kakamega City Bull Ring Kakamega 5,000
Nondescripts RFC Nairobi Ngong Race Course 5,000
Impala Saracens Nairobi City Impala Ground 2,000
KCB RFC Nairobi The Den 2,000
Mwamba RFC Nairobi Nairobi Railways Club 2,000
Top Fry Nakuru RFC Nakuru Nakuru Athletic Club 2,000
MMUST RFC Kakamega City MMUST Grounds 1,000
Strathmore Leos Nairobi Strathmore University Grounds 1,000
## 2021 Kenya Cup Final Standings {#kenya_cup_final_standings}
These are the final standings of the Kenya Cup.
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# Kenya Cup
## Champions
The previous champions of the Kenya Cup are:
- 1970: Impala RFC
- 1971: Impala RFC
- 1972: Impala RFC
- 1973: Impala RFC
- 1974: Impala RFC
- 1975: Nondescripts RFC
- 1976: Nondescripts RFC
- 1977: Mean Machine RFC
- 1978: Nondescripts RFC
- 1979: Nondescripts RFC
- 1980: Nondescripts RFC
- 1981: Nondescripts RFC
- 1982: Nondescripts RFC
- 1983: Mwamba RFC
- 1984: Nondescripts RFC
- 1985: Nondescripts RFC
- 1986: Nondescripts RFC
- 1987: Barclays Bank RFC
- 1988: Nondescripts RFC
- 1989: Mean Machine RFC
- 1990: Mean Machine RFC
- 1991: Nondescripts RFC
- 1992: Nondescripts RFC
- 1993: Nondescripts RFC
- 1994: Nondescripts RFC
- 1995: Kenya Harlequin F.C.`{{Ref_label|a|a|none}}`{=mediawiki}
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- 1996: Kenya Harlequin F.C.
- 1997: Nondescripts RFC
- 1998: Nondescripts RFC
- 1999: Kenya Harlequin F.C.
- 2000: Impala RFC
- 2001: Impala RFC
- 2002: Impala RFC
- 2003: Kenya Harlequin F.C.
- 2004: Impala RFC
- 2005: KCB RFC
- 2006: KCB RFC
- 2007: KCB RFC
- 2008: Kenya Harlequin F.C.
- 2009: Impala RFC
- 2010: Kenya Harlequin F.C.
- 2011: Kenya Harlequin F.C.
- 2012: Kenya Harlequin F.C.
- 2013: Nakuru RFC
- 2014: Nakuru RFC
- 2015: KCB RFC
- 2016: Kabras Sugar RC
- 2017: KCB RFC
- 2018: KCB RFC
- 2019: KCB RFC
- 2021: KCB RFC
- 2022:Kabras Sugar RC
- 2023:Kabras Sugar RC
**a.** `{{Note_label|a|a|none}}`{=mediawiki} This webpage states that Harlequins had also had \"Previous Kenya Cup victories: 1955, 1957, 1964, 1988\". This is probably incorrect as these are years that Harlequins won the Enterprise Cup.The Kenya Cup was inaugurated in 1970. Before 1970 the competition which was held was called the Nairobi District Championship. However the 1995 victory seems likely as it is included in a list that also shows the Enterprise Cup win that year
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# 2007 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament
The **2007 Mountain West Conference men\'s basketball tournament** was played at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada from March 8--10, 2007. Tournament host UNLV upset regular season league champion BYU 78--70 to claim the Mountain West Conference tournament title and the league\'s automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. It was UNLV\'s first tournament title since winning the inaugural tournament in 2000 (though they had previously lost 3 consecutive championship games from 2002 to 2004).
2007 marked the return of the tournament to the Thomas & Mack Center after a three-year stint in Denver
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# Order of Saint Joseph
The **Order of Saint Joseph** was instituted on 9 March 1807 by Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany during his reign as Grand Duke of Würzburg. It was transformed into a Tuscan Roman Catholic Dynastic Order in 1817.
The constitution of the Order was promulgated in March 1817, with amendments in August 1817. The order was divided into civil and military categories but these are now defunct. It is given to reward services towards Tuscan culture and civilisation and to the Grand Ducal House as a whole. The Order is divided into three levels:
- Knights Grand Cross, numbering thirty
- Commander, numbering sixty
- Knights, numbering one hundred and fifty
These numbers excluded Sovereigns, Heads of State, and Princes of the Grand Ducal House and other Royal Houses, Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church and Tuscan Metropolitan Archbishops. All had to be Catholics. The number of women members cannot exceed fifty, excluding Princesses of the Grand Ducal and other Royal Houses, wives of Heads of State and Dames of the Order of Saint Stephen. It is permitted for non-nobles to be admitted into the Order of the level of Grand Cross in cases of exceptional merit. Dames wear the same Cross as Knights but from a bow on the left breast. Dame Grand Crosses wear the Cross hanging from a Riband like the Knights but without the Star.
The Order of Saint Stephen and the Order of Saint Joseph are currently conferred as dynastic honors by His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Sigismund of Habsburg-Tuscany, Titular Grand Duke of Tuscany and Head of the House of Habsburg-Tuscany. As Grand Master of both Orders, Archduke Sigismund continues the historical tradition of the Grand Ducal House in bestowing these decorations in recognition of merit and service.
Under Italian Law No. 178 of 1951, which governs the wearing of foreign and non-national honors, dynastic orders such as those conferred by formerly reigning royal houses may be authorized for wear in Italy when formally recognized. In accordance with this law, the Orders of Saint Stephen and Saint Joseph, under the Grand Mastership of Archduke Sigismund, may be lawfully worn in Italy with authorization
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# Intercontinental Rally Challenge
The **Intercontinental Rally Challenge** was an FIA-sanctioned rallying series organised by SRW Events and Eurosport Events, and aimed to \"give new opportunities to young or amateur rally drivers competing in recognised regional and international rallies, while offering organisers an innovative TV format concept, created by Eurosport.\" The series focused on Group N and Group A spec cars up to 2000 cc, including Super 2000, R4, R2 and R3.
The series began in 2006 under the name *International Rally Challenge*, adopting the name, *Intercontinental Rally Challenge* in 2007. The 2012 season was the final season of the series: from 2013, the series promoter Eurosport Events was awarded responsibility for organising the rival European Rally Championship by the FIA, and the two competing series were effectively merged
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# Sheath (album)
***Sheath*** is the third and final studio album by British IDM project LFO. It was released by Warp on 22 September 2003. It peaked at number 27 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, *Sheath* received an average score of 73% based on 13 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\".
John Bush of AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5 and called Mark Bell \"the most imaginative producer in British techno.\" Dominique Leone of *Pitchfork* gave the album a 7.3 out of 10, writing, \"Bell\'s strength seems to reside in his softer sides that fools me into thinking his more extroverted outings are lacking.\"
Paul Sullivan of BBC wrote, \"the album manages to re-capture some of the original pioneering spirit that made *Frequencies* such a tour-de-force.\" Joshua Klein of *Billboard* said, \"The drum machines sound delightfully (if deceptively) rinky-dink, and the absence of vocalists keeps the focus on the beats and occasionally cacophonous sonic clutter.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Uses in media {#uses_in_media}
The track "*Freak"* is notable for being featured on the opening credits for Gaspar Noé's 2009 film *Enter the Void* and David Slade's 2005 film *Hard Candy*
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# Leo of Cappadocia
Saint **Leo of Cappadocia** was a Christian saint.
Leo was an ascetic from Cappadocia whose life and martyrdom is described in John Moschos\' \"Pratum Spirituale\" (\"The Spiritual Meadow\"). Leo was distinguished by his warm hospitality to all his visitors, whom he considered to be sent by God. He had the habit of saying with an enigmatic smile: \"Now I am on my way to becoming an Emperor\". (The word \"Basileos\" -\"king\" in Byzantium meant also \"Emperor\".) He was frequently derided and even considered to be out of his wits, for this saying, since there had never been an emperor from Cappadocia.
Once pagan soldiers attacked the surroundings of the town near which Leo lived. With all the inhabitants he took refuge within the walls of the town. Only a few old men were caught by the intruders. Leo left the fortress and went to the enemy camp offering himself to the pagans in the place of the old men, who because of their weakness would be of no use to them, whereas Leo had sufficient strength to be of profit. The pagans agreed, released the elders and took Leo instead. However, when Leo was loaded with sacks and asked to follow the soldiers, it turned out that Leo himself was not apt for such physical labors (even though he tried to keep his word and serve them) being weakened by his constant prayers and vigils. The pagans, believing that Leo had tricked them in order to rescue his older compatriots, were enraged and beheaded him.
Only then did the people realize that when Leo had spoken about becoming an emperor, he meant not an earthly, but a heavenly empire, for he fulfilled the commandment of the Savior: \"There is no greater love than that when one lays down his soul for brethren\", and therefore received the crown of the heavenly kingdom from Him.
Leo is referred to by St. John Climacus in Step 26.12 his classic work The Ladder of Divine Ascent as an exemplar of one who surpasses the commandments of the Gospel by his love
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# Requiem (Ockeghem)
**Requiem**, by Johannes Ockeghem (c. 1410 -- 1497), is a polyphonic setting of the Roman Catholic Requiem Mass (the *Missa pro defunctis*, or Mass for the dead). It is probably the earliest surviving polyphonic setting of any requiem mass. It is unusual in that the movements vary greatly in style, and each uses a paraphrase technique for the original Sarum chant. It has five movements for two to four voices and is one of Ockeghem\'s best known and most performed works.
Ockeghem\'s *Requiem* is often considered incomplete as it lacks a Sanctus, Communion or Agnus Dei. The closing movement, the Offertory, is the most complex. Blank opening sections in the Codex imply that there may have been another movement. The circumstances of its composition are unclear; it may have been composed for the funeral of Charles VII in 1461; an alternative hypothesis is that it was written after the death of Louis XI in 1483.
## Requiem
This requiem is the earliest surviving polyphonic setting of the Requiem Mass, as a possibly earlier setting by Guillaume Dufay, written for use by the Order of the Golden Fleece, has not survived. It remains one of Ockeghem\'s most famous and often-performed compositions.
Ockeghem\'s *Requiem* is unusual compared both to his other works and to other settings of the requiem. Each of the movements uses a paraphrase technique for the original Sarum chant, something Ockeghem did rarely, and they are all very different from each other stylistically. The selection of movements is also unusual compared to other requiem masses.
It calls for four voices, and is in five parts:
1. *Introitus: Requiem aeternam*
2. *Kyrie*
3. *Graduale: Si ambulem*
4. *Tractus: Sicut cervus desiderat*
5. *Offertorium: Domine Jesu Christe*
Since it lacks a Sanctus, Communion or Agnus Dei, most scholars consider it incomplete. It survives in only one manuscript source, the Chigi Codex. Since the document seems to have been intended as a complete collection of Ockeghem\'s music, these movements were probably left out because they were either unavailable either to the copyist or not in a legible condition. Blank opening sections in the codex also imply that at least one other movement, probably a three-voice setting of the Communion in a more sedate style recalling the opening Introit, was originally intended to close the work. Movements appear to be missing in two other masses transcribed in the codex as well, *Ma maistresse* and *Fors seulement*.
The style of the Ockeghem *Requiem* is appropriately austere for a setting of the Mass for the Dead; indeed, the lack of polyphonic settings of the requiem until the late 15th century was probably due to the perception that polyphony was not sober enough for such a purpose. Portions of the work, especially the opening Introit, are written in the treble-dominated style reminiscent of the first half of the 15th century, with the chant in the topmost voice (superius) and the accompanying voices singing mostly in parallel motion in a fauxbourdon-like manner. Within each movement there are subsections for two or three voices which provide contrast with the fuller four-voice textures that surround them and provide a sense of climax, a procedure typical of Ockeghem.
The closing movement, the Offertory, is the most contrapuntally complex, and may have been intended as the climax of the entire composition.
Precise dating of the *Requiem* has not been possible. Richard Wexler proposed 1461, the year of Charles VII\'s death, a monarch to whom Ockeghem owed a debt of gratitude and for whom he would likely have composed a requiem. If this date is correct, Ockeghem\'s *Requiem* could have predated the lost one of Dufay, the date of which is also speculative. Another possibility is that Ockeghem may have composed it instead for the death of Louis XI in 1483, or even towards the end of his own life; poet Guillaume Crétin alludes to the composition of a possibly recent requiem in his *Déploration*, written on the death of Ockeghem
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# The Message of The Qur'an
***The Message of The Qur\'an*** is an English translation and interpretation of the 1924 Cairo edition of the Qur\'an by Muhammad Asad, an Austrian Jew who converted to Islam. It is considered one of the most influential Quranic translations of the modern age. The book was first published in Gibraltar in 1980, and has since been translated into several other languages.
Asad meant to devote two years to completing the translation and the commentary but ended up spending seventeen. In the opening, he dedicates his effort to \"*People Who Think*\". The author returns to the theme of Ijtihad - The use of one\'s own faculties to understand the Divine text - again and again. The spirit of the translation is resolutely modernist, and the author expressed his profound debt to the reformist commentator Muhammad Abduh.
In the foreword to the book, he writes \"\...although it is impossible to \'reproduce\' the Quran as such in any other language, it is none the less possible to render its message comprehensible to people who, like most Westerners, do not know Arabic\...well enough to find their way through it unaided.\" He also states that a translator must take into account the *ijaz* of the Qur\'an, which is the ellipticism which often \"deliberately omits intermediate thought-clauses in order to express the final stage of an idea as pithily and concisely as is possible within the limitations of a human language\" and that \"the thought-links which are missing - that is, deliberately omitted - in the original must be supplied by the translator\...\".
## Reception
The Message of The Qur\'an received favorable reviews from discriminating scholars. Gai Eaton, a leading British Muslim thinker, after noting the limitations of Asad\'s rationalist approach, described Asad\'s translation as \"the most helpful and instructive version of the Qur\'an that we have in English. This remarkable man has done what he set out to do, and it may be doubted whether his achievement will ever be surpassed.\"
Considered one of the leading translations of the Qur\'an, it has been criticized by some Atharis for its Ash\'ari leanings. The book was banned in Saudi Arabia in 1974 (before its publication) due to differences on some creedal issues compared with the Wahhabi ideology prevalent there.
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# The Message of The Qur'an
## Contents
Following is a list of 114 Chapters (Surahs) of Quran, their Arabic names and their English translations as produced by Muhammad Asad: `{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}`{=mediawiki}
1. Al Fatiha (The Opening)
2. Al Baqara (The Cow)
3. Al \'Imran (The Family of \'Imran)
4. Al Nisa\' (Women)
5. Al Ma\'idah (The Repast)
6. Al An\'am (Cattle)
7. Al A\'raf (The Faculty of Discernment)
8. Al Anfal (Spoils of War)
9. Al Tawbah (Repentance)
10. Yunus (Jonah)
11. Hud
12. Yusuf (Joseph)
13. Al Ra\'d (Thunder)
14. Ibrahim (Abraham)
15. Al-Hijr
16. Al Nahl (The Bee)
17. Al Isra\' (The Night Journey)
18. Al Kahf (The Cave)
19. Maryam (Mary)
20. Ta Ha (O Man)
21. Al Anbiya\' (The Prophets)
22. Al Hajj (The Pilgrimage)
23. Al Mu\'minun(The Believers)
24. Al Nur (The Light)
25. Al Furqan (The Standard of True and False)
26. Al Shu\'ara (The Poets)
27. Al Naml (The Ants)
28. Al Qasas(The Story)
29. Al \'Ankabut (The Spider)
30. Al Rum(The Byzantines)
31. Luqman
32. Al Sajdah (Prostration)
33. Al Ahzab(The Confederates)
34. Saba\' (Sheba)
35. Fatir (The Originator)
36. Ya Sin(O Thou Human Being)
37. Al Saffat (Those Ranged in Ranks)
38. Sad
39. Al Zumar(The Throngs)
40. Ghafir (Forgiving)
41. Fussilat(Clearly Spelled Out)
42. Al Shura (Consultation)
43. Al Zukhruf (Gold)
44. Al Dukhan (Smoke)
45. Al Jathiyah (Kneeling Down)
46. Al Ahqaf (The Sand-Dunes)
47. Muhammad
48. Al Fath (Victory)
49. Al Hujurat (The Private Apartments)
50. Qaf
51. Al Dhariyat (The Dust-Scattering Winds)
52. Al Tur (Mount Sinai)
53. Al Najm (The Unfolding)
54. Al Qamar (The Moon)
55. Al Rahman(The Most Gracious)
56. Al Waqi\'ah (That Which Must Come to Pass)
57. Al Hadid(Iron)
58. Al Mujadilah (The Pleading)
59. Al Hashr (The Gathering)
60. Al Mumtahinah(The Examined One)
61. Al Saff (The Ranks)
62. Al Jumu\'ah (The Congregation)
63. Al Munafiqun (The Hypocrites)
64. Al Taghabun (Loss and Gain)
65. Al Talaq (Divorce)
66. Al Tahrim(Prohibition)
67. Al Mulk(Dominion)
68. Al Qalam(The Pen)
69. Al Haqqah (The Laying-Bare of the Truth)
70. Al Ma\'arij(The Ways of Ascent)
71. Nuh (Noah)
72. Al Jinn (The Unseen Beings)
73. Al Muzzammil(The Enwrapped One)
74. Al Muddaththir (The Enfolded One)
75. Al Qiyamah (Resurrection)
76. Al Insan (Man)
77. Al Mursalat (Those Sent Forth)
78. Al Naba\' (The Tiding)
79. Al Nazi\'at (Those That Rise)
80. \'Abasa (He Frowned)
81. Al Takwir (Shrouding in Darkness)
82. Al Infitar(The Cleaving Asunder)
83. Al Mutaffifin (Those Who Give Short Measure)
84. Al Inshiqaq (The Splitting Asunder)
85. Al Buruj (The Great Constellation)
86. Al Tariq (That Which Comes in the Night)
87. Al A\'la (The All-Highest)
88. Al Ghashiyah (The Overshadowing Event)
89. Al Fajr (The Daybreak)
90. Al Balad (The Land)
91. Al Shams (The Sun)
92. Al Layl (The Night)
93. Al Duha (The Bright Morning Hours)
94. Al Sharh (The Opening-Up of the Heart)
95. Al Tin (The Fig)
96. Al Alaq (The Germ-Cell)
97. Al Qadr (Destiny)
98. Al Bayyinah (The Evidence of Truth)
99. Al Zalzalah (The Earthquake)
100. Al \'Adiyat (The Chargers)
101. Al Qari\'ah (The Sudden Calamity)
102. Al Takathur (Greed for More and More)
103. Al \'Asr (The Flight of Time)
104. Al Humazah (The Slanderer)
105. Al Fil (The Elephant)
106. Quraysh
107. Al Ma\'un(Assistance)
108. Al Kawthar (Good in Abundance)
109. Al Kafirun (Those Who Deny the Truth)
110. Al Nasr (Succour)
111. Al Masad (The Twisted Strands
112. Al Ikhlas (The Declaration of \[God\'s\] Perfection)
113. Al Falaq (The Rising Dawn)
114. Al Nas (Men)
- Appendices:
- I. Symbolism and Allegory in the Qur\'an
- II\. Al-Muqatta\'at
- III\. On the Term and Concept of Jinn
- IV\
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# Sherry!
***Sherry!*** is a musical with a book and lyrics by James Lipton and music by Laurence Rosenthal. The musical is based on the 1939 George S. Kaufman-Moss Hart play *The Man Who Came to Dinner*.
In 1967, following a short run on Broadway and poor reviews, the score to *Sherry!* was apparently lost, until being rediscovered at the Library of Congress more than thirty years later. A studio recording based on the rediscovered score was released in 2004.
## Production
George Sanders originally was signed to play Whiteside, but when his wife, actress Benita Hume, became terminally ill with cancer, he withdrew from the project. Choreographer Ron Field was replaced by Joe Layton during the Philadelphia try-out. He took over directing as well, according to Lipton, although Morton DaCosta retained credit in the program.
George Sanders later recalled
> . I have a wonderful voice. People kept grabbing me and saying 'You must do a musical.' They told me if I was ever going to do one I'd be perfect in the Monty Woolley role. Of course it wasn't perfect and I never should have gone near it, but I did. Then my wife became ill and I left the show before it ever got to New York. She died a year later. It was a horrid show and a horrid experience.
The production opened on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre on March 28, 1967, where it ran for 72 performances and fourteen previews. The cast included Clive Revill as Whiteside, Elizabeth Allen as Maggie, Jon Cypher as Bert, Dolores Gray as Lorraine, Eddie Lawrence as Banjo, Byron Webster as Beverly, and Cliff Hall as Dr. Bradley.
*Sherry!* took a gambit quite typical for musicals based on straight plays by \"opening up\" the story: that is, by adding scenes in locations not featured onstage in the original play. In order to \"open up\" *The Man Who Came to Dinner* (which takes place entirely in the Stanleys\' living room) it was necessary to maintain the premise that Sheridan Whiteside uses a wheelchair. Therefore, the second-act climax of *Sherry!* moved the action to a nearby skating rink, with several characters on roller skates and Whiteside perambulating in his wheelchair.
## Studio recording {#studio_recording}
Following the show\'s closing, the orchestrations were packed for transport to the writers\' publisher, but could not be found there later. It was believed that they had been inadvertently put on the wrong truck and, together with the sets, hauled to New Jersey and burned. More than three decades later, music producer Robert Sher discovered the trunk containing the complete score housed at the Library of Congress and contacted Lipton, who had by then achieved fame as the moderator of Bravo\'s *Inside the Actors Studio*, to propose an all-star studio recording. The result was a 2003 Angel Records 2-CD set (with cover art by Randy Souders) that was recorded in separate sessions over a period of three years, with the orchestral portions recorded in Bratislava and Prague and the vocals recorded in New York City, with extensive editing and mixing by Adam Long in St. Louis, Missouri. The recording cast includes Nathan Lane as Whiteside, Bernadette Peters as Maggie, Carol Burnett as Lorraine, Tom Wopat as Bert, Tommy Tune as Beverly, and Mike Myers as Banjo, with Lillias White, Keith David, James Lipton, Lawrence Pressman, Siobhan Fallon and Phyllis Newman in small supporting roles. The dancers include Noah Racey, who also choreographed \"Putty in Your Hands\" and Megan Sikora.
## Synopsis
Sheridan Whiteside, an egregiously pompous and self-centered radio personality, terrorizes the family of Ernest W. Stanley of Mesalia, Ohio, when a slip on their icy front steps forces him to recuperate in their home at Christmas time. The highly critical and extremely egotistical Whiteside commandeers the household and staff and disrupts the lives of everyone who comes within his orbit, including his private secretary Maggie Cutler, journalist-playwright Bert Jefferson, Broadway diva Lorraine Sheldon, antic Harpo Marx-like comedian Banjo, bon vivant Beverly Carlton, and absent-minded physician and aspiring memoirist Dr. Bradley.
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# Sherry!
## Original Broadway song list {#original_broadway_song_list}
Act I
- In the Very Next Moment
- Why Does the Whole Damn World Adore Me?
- Maggie\'s Date
- Maybe It\'s Time for Me
- How Can You Kiss Those Good Times Goodbye?
- With This Ring
- Sherry!
- Au Revoir
- Proposal Duet
- Listen, Cosette
- Christmas Eve Broadcast
Act II
- Putty in Your Hands
- Imagine That
- Marry the Girl Myself
- Putty in Your Hands (Reprise)
- Harriet Sedley
- Sherry! (Reprise)
## Studio recording song list {#studio_recording_song_list}
Act I
- Why Does the Whole Damn World Adore Me? - Whiteside
- Whiteside\'s Prayer - Mrs. Stanley, Whiteside, Maggie, The Mesalians
- In the Very Next Moment - The Mesalians, John, Sarah, Maggie, Dr. Bradley, Whiteside
- Crockfield - Whiteside, The Cons, Maggie
- Maybe It\'s Time for Me - Maggie
- How Can You Kiss Those Good Times Goodbye? - Whiteside, Maggie
- With This Ring - Maggie, Bert, Whiteside, Dr. Bradley
- Sherry! - Lorraine, Whiteside
- Alas, Lorraine/Au Revoir - Beverley Carlton, Whiteside, Maggie
- The Proposal Duet/Listen, Cosette - Lorraine, Cosette
- I Always Stay at the Ritz - Beverly, The Railroad Porters
- Christmas Eve - Announcer, Quartet, Choir, Whiteside, Miss Preen, The Radio Crew, Sarah, John, Mrs. Stanley, Mr. Stanley
Act II
- Putty in Your Hands - Lorraine, Bert, Mesalia Barflies
- Imagine That - Maggie, Whiteside
- Preen Beguine - Banjo, Miss Preen, Whiteside
- Marry the Girl Myself - Whiteside, Banjo, Maggie
- Putty in Your Hands (Reprise) - Lorraine, Whiteside, Banjo
- Harriet Sedley - Whiteside, Banjo, Mr. Stanley
- Au Revoir (Reprise) - Whiteside, Maggie
- Whiteside\'s Prayer (Reprise) & Finale - Whiteside, Maggie, Bert, Dr. Bradley, The Mesalians
## Critical response {#critical_response}
The critics were unanimous in their disapproval, finding the taut Kaufman-Hart humor of the original play was diluted by the inclusion of mediocre musical numbers that were dropped into the action rather than allowed to evolve naturally from the plot.
The *Billboard* review noted that the musical was \"a dated and disjointed affair\...Except for the title song, there is nothing in the score with a step-out potential\...the music lacks a melodic flow and\...lyrics are routine.\" However, the *World Journal Tribune* wrote that \"On the whole, Kaufman and Hart\'s comedy holds its own as a play and gains some entertaining embellishments in this prevailing merry musical adaptation.\"
In reviewing the studio cast album, John Kenrick wrote \"Musical theatre buffs will not be able to resist this star-studded recreation\...Nathan Lane is delicious\...Bernadette Peters is perfect\...and Carol Burnett sings the hell out of the show-stopping title tune\". The *SF Gate* review noted that \"there\'s a delightful verve to the whole proceedings
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# Ayo Rosiji
Chief **Ayotunde Rosiji** (24 February 1917 -- 31 July 2000) was a Nigerian politician, who served as Minister for Health and Minister of Information.
## Biography
He was born in Abeokuta, Ogun State, on 24 February 1917 to the family of an Egba policeman. Rosiji attended Christ Church Primary School, Abeokuta, and then Ibadan Grammar School and Government College, Ibadan, for secondary education. He was also educated at the Yaba Higher College, where he received a civil engineering certificate. He subsequently went abroad to study for a law degree at the University of London in London, England after working at Shell Nigeria as an engineer. Returning to Nigeria, he became one of the founding members of the Action Group.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Oloye Rosiji died on 31 July 2000. He was married to Gbemisola Rosiji (nee Mann)
| 141 |
Ayo Rosiji
| 0 |
9,999,026 |
# Do That to Me One More Time
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 62, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{single chart|Flanders|1|artist=Captain & Tennille|song=Do That To Me One More Time|access-date=September 9, 2016}}
^
``
| 33 |
Do That to Me One More Time
| 0 |
9,999,035 |
# Zavanelli maneuver
The **Zavanelli maneuver** is an obstetric maneuver that involves pushing back the delivered fetal head into the birth canal in anticipation of performing a cesarean section in cases of shoulder dystocia.
The Zavanelli maneuver is performed only after other maneuvers have failed, as it is associated with high risk to both the mother and the fetus. A review published in 1985 found that 84 of 92 cases of Zavanelli maneuver were successful in replacing the head of the fetus back into the uterus. Risks of the maneuver to the mother include soft tissue damage and puerperal sepsis. The Zavanelli maneuver is not performed very often in the United States. It is named after William Angelo \"Bill\" Zavanelli (born October 10, 1926), who performed the procedure on January 18, 1978 as a clinical instructor in obstetrics and gynecology at the University of California, San Francisco
| 147 |
Zavanelli maneuver
| 0 |
9,999,068 |
# Heorhiy Pohosov
**Heorhiy Vadimovich Pohosov** (*Георгій Вадимович Погосов*; born 14 July 1960), also known as George Pogosov, is a retired Soviet/Ukrainian sabre fencer. He won two Olympic medals.
## Biography
Pohosov has a master\'s degree in physical education with a focus in fencing. He graduated from the National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine.
His first coach was Mikhail Shimshovich.
Pohosov was the coach of the Ukrainian National Team before coming to the US. In 1999, Pohosov came to Stanford University\'s fencing program. He is the co-head coach for the Stanford men's and women's varsity fencing teams as well as the head coach for the Cardinal Fencing Club, Stanford\'s recreational fencing outlet. In addition to his Olympic medals, his honors include Junior World Champion and six-time World Champion (1983.1985.1986.1987,1989.1990). In the United States, he teaches all fencing weapons and works with fencers of all levels, instructing classes for children, teenagers, and adults.
A number of Pohosov\'s students have become finalists and champions of various National tournaments, including Samuel Kwong and Erika Yong.
He was born and lived in Kyiv
| 182 |
Heorhiy Pohosov
| 0 |
9,999,082 |
# The Lorenz Corporation
**The Lorenz Corporation**, previously known as **Lorenz Publishing Company**, is a music publisher located in Dayton, Ohio, United States. It is best known for its publication of church music for smaller congregations served by amateur musicians. It also publishes other varieties of music and general education materials.
## History
The company was founded by E.S. Lorenz in 1890 and has been under the management of E.S. Lorenz and his descendants since that time. The idea came in 1889 \"when he had compiled a hymnal for the United Brethren Publishing House located in downtown Dayton.\" In the 1970s and 1980s, the company changed its name to Lorenz Industries, and then The Lorenz Corporation. Reiff Lorenz, a great great grandson of the founder, operates the company today.
The company filed for federal bankruptcy protection on August 19, 2020.
## Current business {#current_business}
Some of its active imprints are dedicated to music publishing and others focus on general education.
### Music publishing {#music_publishing}
**Copyrights/Imprints**
- Heritage Music Press
- Lorenz
- The Roger Dean Company
- SoundForth
- Word Music & Church Resources
**Subscriptions**
The Lorenz Corporation has nine bi-monthly publications for musicians, including the following:
: Keyboard
- The Organist (`{{ISSN|1931-6178}}`{=mediawiki})
- The Organ Portfolio (`{{ISSN|0193-6670}}`{=mediawiki})
- The Sacred Organ Journal (`{{ISSN|0036-2263}}`{=mediawiki})
- The Church Pianist (`{{ISSN|0890-9032}}`{=mediawiki})
- Keyboard Worship & Praise (`{{ISSN|1936-8836}}`{=mediawiki})
: Handbell
- Ring and Rejoice (`{{ISSN|1940-6436}}`{=mediawiki})
: Choral
- The SAB Choir (`{{ISSN|0744-0200}}`{=mediawiki})
- The Volunteer Choir (`{{ISSN|1064-8933}}`{=mediawiki})
: Classroom
- Activate! (`{{ISSN|1931-4736}}`{=mediawiki})
### Educational publishing {#educational_publishing}
The Lorenz Corporation started publishing general education materials under Lorenz Educational Press in 2008
| 267 |
The Lorenz Corporation
| 0 |
9,999,094 |
# Tradewinds Airways
thumb\|upright=1.14\|Canadair CL-44D-4 of Tradewinds Airways at London Gatwick Airport in 1974 with the rear fuselage swung open to allow freight loading
**Tradewinds Airways Ltd** `{{Airline codes|IK|IKA|TRADEWINDS }}`{=mediawiki} was a British all-cargo airline. Its head office was located in Timberham House, on the property of London Gatwick Airport in Crawley, England.
## History
Tradewinds was founded in November 1968 after the collapse of **Transglobe Airways** under the name **BOBWOOD** and flew charter flights from its base at London Gatwick (LGW) airport, using Canadair CL-44-D4 aircraft previously operated by Transglobe.
In January 1969 the name was changed to Tradewinds Airways but since Seaboard World Airlines (a USA based company) had a large interest in Tradewinds, the British Government would not issue a license. By April 1969 the majority of the stock was passed on to British nationals and the company was able to start operations later in 1969.
Tradewinds flew a lot of relief flights to Nigeria during the civil war with Biafra and that allowed the company to expand in Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. Tradewinds also flew numerous flights for the UK Ministry of Defence. These military flights included the transport of missiles to the NATO arctic test ranges. Tradewinds also held the exclusive contract for the movement of Formula One racing cars. As part of this operation, charter services would be arranged for two of the CL-44\'s in South America and flight and ground crews were stationed in Brasil for two weeks each year whilst the Grand Prix were taking place. Tradewinds was also a specialist carrier of bloodstock, pioneering the use of special stalls that allowed horse to travel safely and without stress. Many champion race horses were transported in this way. Other livestock transport was also undertaken including sheep, goats and pigs. Tradewinds ran its own warehouse at London Gatwick Airport, a privilege accorded only to British Caledonian and British Airways. All other airlines had to use either Gatwick Handling services or one of these other carriers for handling.
### Later history and closure {#later_history_and_closure}
The company was taken over in 1977 by the Lonrho Group and began to replace the CL44\'s with used Boeing 707-320C freighters. With those aircraft, flights to Chicago and Toronto were begun. A December 1983 Tradewinds timetable lists scheduled weekly nonstop flights between London Gatwick Airport and Chicago O\'Hare Airport and also between London Stansted Airport and Khartoum as well as \"split charter services\" flights between London Gatwick and Accra (operated on behalf of Gemini Airlines) and also between London Stansted and Kano, Lagos, Mogadishu, Nairobi and Port Harcourt.
Tradewinds previously operated twice-weekly scheduled services to Larnaca in Cyprus on behalf of Cyprus Airways, which eventually were operated by that carrier when they purchased CL-44 5B-DAN. Tradewinds then acted as the General Sales Agent, Flight Operations Department and Warehouse for scheduled cargo flying to Cyprus on Cyprus Airways\' services. Although the scheduled carrier held licences for services from Cyprus to many other destinations in the middle east, including one to Dubai that regularly appeared in international schedule guides, the economics were insufficient for these services to take place. These services were part of a major export drive by the Cypriot Government to supply northern Europe with fresh fruit and vegetable produce every night. As such, services would operate via Basle and occasionally Manchester. 5B-DAN was maintained after sale by Tradan Engineering Ltd at the glider airfield of Lasham in Hampshire, a joint venture between Tradewinds Airways Limited and Dan-Air. Experience gained from these operations was utilised in Tradewinds\' own scheduled operations, which led to the formation of another joint venture, Sudan Air Cargo with Sudan Airways, to operate twice-weekly Boeing 707 freighter services from London Gatwick to Khartoum.
With the new services, the company grew to be the largest British pure cargo airline during the early 80\'s, but the Lonrho Group ran into financial trouble and was forced to sell Tradewinds to Homac Aviation. Lack of capital did not allow the 707 aircraft to be replaced when they became subject to new noise regulations and the airline ceased operations on September 28, 1990
| 687 |
Tradewinds Airways
| 0 |
9,999,100 |
# Duri (name)
**Duri**, also spelled **Doori**, is a Korean unisex given name.
## Meaning
Unlike most Korean names, which are composed of two Sino-Korean roots each written with one hanja, \"Duri\" is an indigenous Korean name. It is a Gyeongsang dialect word for \"two\", as well as a homophone of a differently-spelled standard Korean word (둘이) meaning \"two people\" or \"a couple\". The name was attested as early as the 19th century, and is one of a number of indigenous names which became more popular in South Korea in the late 20th century.
The name Duri could also be recorded in hanja which are picked solely for their sound and not for their meaning (for example, `{{linktext|斗|里}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{linktext|乧|伊}}`{=mediawiki}). There are 12 hanja with the reading \"du\" and 26 hanja with the reading \"ri\" on the South Korean government\'s official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names
| 153 |
Duri (name)
| 0 |
9,999,109 |
# Martin Bajčičák
**Martin Bajčičák** (born 12 June 1976 in Dolný Kubín) is a Slovak cross-country skier who has been competing since 1994. His best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fourth in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit in 2005.
Bajčičák\'s best finish at the Winter Olympics was also in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit, though it was eighth in 2006.
His only individual World Cup victory came in 15 km event in Germany in 2005. Bajčičák also has seven FIS race victories up to the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit distance from 2000 to 2006.
## Cross-country skiing results {#cross_country_skiing_results}
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
### Olympic Games {#olympic_games}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th style="background-color:#369; color:white; width:60px;"><p> Year </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#369; color:white; width:40px;"><p> Age </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 10 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 15 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Pursuit </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 30 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 50 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Sprint </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 4 × 10 km <br />
relay </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Team <br />
sprint </p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>1998</p></td>
<td><p><em>21</em></p></td>
<td><p>67</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>38</p></td>
<td><p>28</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2002</p></td>
<td><p><em>25</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>24</p></td>
<td><p>50</p></td>
<td><p>32</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2006</p></td>
<td><p><em>29</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>28</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>14</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2010</p></td>
<td><p><em>33</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>23</p></td>
<td><p>25</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p></p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2014</p></td>
<td><p><em>37</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>23</p></td>
<td><p>30</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>14</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>17</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### World Championships {#world_championships}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th style="background-color:#369; color:white; width:60px;"><p> Year </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#369; color:white; width:40px;"><p> Age </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 10 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 15 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Pursuit </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 30 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 50 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Sprint </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 4 × 10 km <br />
relay </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Team <br />
sprint </p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>1997</p></td>
<td><p><em>20</em></p></td>
<td><p>57</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>50</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>1999</p></td>
<td><p><em>22</em></p></td>
<td><p>48</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>28</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>35</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2001</p></td>
<td><p><em>24</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>42</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>20</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>10</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2003</p></td>
<td><p><em>26</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>40</p></td>
<td><p>24</p></td>
<td><p>33</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2005</p></td>
<td><p><em>28</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>10</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>24</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2007</p></td>
<td><p><em>30</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>72</p></td>
<td><p>18</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2009</p></td>
<td><p><em>32</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>10</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>21</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2011</p></td>
<td><p><em>34</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>19</p></td>
<td><p>26</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>25</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2013</p></td>
<td><p><em>36</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>38</p></td>
<td><p>37</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>34</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>20</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2015</p></td>
<td><p><em>38</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>46</p></td>
<td><p>38</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>37</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### World Cup {#world_cup}
#### Season standings {#season_standings}
Season Age Discipline standings
---------- ---------- ---------------------- -----------------
Overall Distance Long Distance Middle Distance
1996 *19*
1997 *20* 98
1998 *21* 76
1999 *22* 54
2000 *23* 53
2001 *24* 62
2002 *25* 76
2003 *26* 72
2004 *27* 42 26
2005 *28* 16 11
2006 *29* 63 41
2007 *30* 62 37
2008 *31* 35 20
2009 *32* 97 71
2010 *33* 56 30
2011 *34* 100 59
2012 *35* 88 55
2013 *36* 124 79
2014 *37* 124 76
2015 *38*
#### Individual podiums {#individual_podiums}
- 1 victory -- (1 `{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
- 3 podiums -- (2 `{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}}`{=mediawiki}, 1 `{{Abbr|SWC|Stage World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
No
| 629 |
Martin Bajčičák
| 0 |
9,999,180 |
# The Saloon
Saloon}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
**The Saloon**, located at 1232 Grant Avenue in North Beach, is one of the oldest operational taverns in San Francisco.
## History
The Saloon first opened in 1861, and was originally owned by Ferdinand E. Wagner. Wagner was the son of a liquor merchant from Stundwiller Bas-Rhin, France. In 1836 Wagner migrated to Louisiana, married a native of Cannes nine years later, to eventually open a saloon there. By 1852 Wagner had relocated to San Francisco, to first work as a hotel manager and then as a fruit vendor. His family later rejoined him in San Francisco, and by 1868 he opened Wagner\'s Beer Hall at 308 Dupont Street. When Dupont Street was renamed as Grant Avenue, the tavern\'s address changed to 1232 Grant Ave. Wagner and his family though lived in the two floors above the bar, and one of his sons would continue to operate the business after he retired. Wagner\'s Beer Hall was eventually renamed as simply the Saloon.
The Saloon\'s wooden bar, was constructed outside of the US, shipped to San Francisco and installed in 1860. Located in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco, the Saloon continues to maintain a sense of similarity with its original 1870s aesthetic.
## Notable performers {#notable_performers}
Several talented and famous musicians have performed at the venue. The following is a partial list of who either got their start or had performances at The Saloon: `{{Columns-list|1=
*[[Paul Butterfield]]
*[[Tommy Castro]]
*[[John Cipollina]]
*[[James Cotton]]
*[[Janis Joplin]]
*[[Steve Miller (musician)|Steve Miller]]
*[[Charlie Musselwhite]]
*[[Johnny Nitro (musician)|Johnny Nitro]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenbaum |first=Dan |title=Where to See Jazz and Blues in San Francisco {{!}} San Francisco Travel |url=https://www.sftravel.com/article/where-see-jazz-and-blues-san-francisco |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=Sftravel.com |language=en}}`{=mediawiki}
- Boz Scaggs
}}
## Appearances in other media {#appearances_in_other_media}
The Saloon later featured in a 1975 episode of *The Streets of San Francisco* called \"Poisoned Snow\". Actors from the show such as Michael Douglas, Karl Malden and Anthony Geary filmed scenes inside the bar
| 329 |
The Saloon
| 0 |
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