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# Taxidermy (Abney Park album)
***Taxidermy*** is the sixth album by Abney Park, with gothic rock and industrial dance Influences. The album is a collection of new versions of songs from past albums, some live tracks, and two covers.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"The Wake (2005 Mix)\"
2. \"New Black Day\"
3. \"The Change Cage (2005 Mix)\"
4. \"White Wedding\" (Billy Idol cover)
5. \"The Root Of All Evil - Live\"
6. \"The Shadow Of Life - Live\"
7. \"The Only One - Live\"
8. \"Creep\" (Radiohead cover)
9. \"Dead Silence (2005 Mix)\"
10
| 95 |
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| 0 |
10,010,604 |
# Boris Kolker
**Boris Grigorevich Kolker** (*Борис Григорьевич Колкер*; born July 15, 1939, in Tiraspol, Moldavian ASSR, Soviet Union) is a language teacher, translator and advocate of the international language Esperanto. He was until 1993 a Soviet and Russian citizen and since then has been a resident and citizen of the United States residing in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1985 he was awarded a Ph.D. in linguistics from the Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow.
## Biography
Dr. Kolker learned Esperanto in 1957 and is the author of articles on interlinguistics, book reviews and three famous Esperanto textbooks for students of different levels. Due to the great popularity of his book *:eo:Vojaĝo en Esperanto-lando (Travels in Esperanto-Land)*, which is both a proficiency course in Esperanto and a guidebook to Esperanto culture, he is known to many as a guide to Esperanto-Land.
Kolker is a member of the Academy of Esperanto, an honorary member of the World Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto Asocio), and an associate editor of the monthly magazine *Monato*. For two decades he headed a large-scale Esperanto correspondence course in Russia that graduated around 900 students. He also taught Esperanto at American universities in San Francisco and Hartford.
Currently he runs the International Proficiency Correspondence Esperanto Course and is also Vice President of the International Examination Board for the International League of Esperanto Instructors (ILEI). At various times he was steering committee member of the World Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto Asocio), co-founder and co-leader of nationwide Esperanto organizations in the Soviet Union and Russia. He has lectured and spoken publicly at several World Congresses of Esperanto and in 2000 he directed the theme of the 85th World Congress of Esperanto in Tel-Aviv
| 289 |
Boris Kolker
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# No. 253 Squadron RAF
**No. 253 (Hyderabad State) Squadron** was a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force between 1918 and 1947. Originally formed in 1918, it served in WW1 flying coastal reconnaissance and anti-submarine patrols. Later in WW2 it took part in the Battle of France, the Battle of Britain, and then fought in the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations in Algeria. The squadron was disbanded on 16 May 1947, and briefly revived as a night-fighter squadron from 18 April 1955 to 2 September 1957.
## History
### WW1
253 Squadron was originally formed at Bembridge, on the Isle of Wight, on 7 June 1918, remaining there until disbanded on 31 May 1919.
During the squadrons stay at Bembridge it parented **No. 412 (Seaplane) Flight RAF** and **No. 413 (Seaplane) Flight RAF**, as well as **No. 511 (Special Duty) Flight RAF**, **No. 512 (Special Duty) Flight RAF** and **No. 513 (Special Duty) Flight RAF** for coastal reconnaissance and anti-submarine patrols, flying Short Type 184 and Airco DH.6 aircraft. DH.6s of 511 and 512 Flights flew their aircraft from the aerodrome at Foreland.
### WW2
Reformed at RAF Manston on 30 October 1939, to become a convoy protection unit equipped with Blenheims, 253 changed role to day-fighter before any Blenheims had been received and was issued with Hawker Hurricanes instead. One flight was despatched to France, whilst the second flight flew across the English Channel daily, operating from French airfields and returning to Manston.
After the collapse of France, 253 Sqn disbanded and re-formed at RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey, taking part in the Battle of Britain from a variety of airfields across the country. Remaining in England until 1942, 253 Sqn. was re-located to the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations (MTO) from 13 November 1942 at RAF Maison Blanche in Algeria, continuing operations in the Mediterranean.
### Post-war era {#post_war_era}
After the war, 253 squadron was disbanded at RAF Treviso, Italy on 16 May 1947. However, it enjoyed a brief existence as a night-fighter unit flying the de Havilland Venom NF.2 from RAF Waterbeach from 18 April 1955 to 2 September 1957.
## Aircraft operated {#aircraft_operated}
- Short Type 184
- Airco DH.6
- Sopwith Baby
- Miles Magister
- Miles Master
- Fairey Battle
- Hawker Hurricane
- Supermarine Spitfire
- de Havilland Venom
- de Havilland Vampire
## Heraldry
A squadron badge was created after the squadron became the Hyderabad gift squadron in the heraldic form of:*The back of a dexter arm embowed, fessewise, in Mogul armour, the hand holding an Indian battle-axe*.
The badge was suggested by the Nizam of Hyderabad as appropriate
| 433 |
No. 253 Squadron RAF
| 0 |
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# Galiot
A **galiot**, **galliot** or **galiote**, was a small galley boat propelled by sail or oars. There are three different types of naval galiots that sailed on different seas.
A *galiote* was a type of French flat-bottom river boat or barge and also a flat-bottomed boat with a simple sail for transporting wine.
## Naval vessels {#naval_vessels}
- **Mediterranean (16th--17th centuries)**
: Historically, a galiot was a type of ship with oars, also known as a half-galley, then, from the 17th century forward, a ship with sails and oars. As used by the Barbary pirates against the Republic of Venice, a galiot had two masts and about 16 pairs of oars. Warships of the type typically carried between two and ten cannons of small caliber, and between 50 and 150 men. It was a Barbary galiot, captained by Barbarossa I, that captured two Papal vessels in 1504.
- **North Sea (17th--19th centuries)**
: A galiot was a type of Dutch or German merchant ship of 20 to 400 tons (bm), similar to a ketch, with a rounded fore and aft like a fluyt. Galiots had nearly flat bottoms to sail in shallow waters. These ships were especially favoured for coastal navigation in the North and Baltic seas. To avoid excessive leeway, or leeward drift due to their flat bottoms, smaller vessels were usually fitted with leeboards. After 1830, a modernised type of galiot was developed that featured a sharper bow similar to a schooner. These vessels rarely had leeboards.
- **Naval ships (17th--19th centuries)**
: A galiote (or galiot) was a French type of naval warship that might have two masts with lateen sails and a bank of oars. It might also be relatively small with only one mast, and be little more than a large *chaloupe* or launch.
: A *galiote a bombes* was a French term for a galiote armed with a mortar and functioning as a bomb vessel, i.e., a vessel armed to shell coastal forts, towns, and the like.
## Canal and river boats {#canal_and_river_boats}
- A galiote was a horse-drawn barge pulled along canals or rivers banks, which were popular in France from the mid-17th century through the 19th century.
- A galiote, or *scute*, also was a type of flat-bottomed boat with a simple sail that traveled French rivers transporting wine in the Anjou region as far as Les Ponts-de-Cé
| 397 |
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| 0 |
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# The Death of Tragedy (Abney Park album)
***The Death Of Tragedy*** is the seventh album by steampunk band Abney Park. It was a turning point from their earlier industrial goth sound to the steampunk-influenced neoclassical dark wave genre that made the band successful. The artwork is a shot of the Red Fort, where the singer and songwriter Robert Brown lived when he was a kid.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Stigmata Martyr\"
2. \"The Wrong Side\"
3. \"Dear Ophelia\"
4. \"Witch Cult\"
5. \"Sacrilege\"
6. \"All The Myths Are True\"
7. \"Death Of The Hero\"
8. \"Love\"
9. \"Downtrodden\"
10
| 101 |
The Death of Tragedy (Abney Park album)
| 0 |
10,010,671 |
# List of songs recorded by Dream Theater
This is a **complete list of songs** by American progressive metal band Dream Theater. Dream Theater was formed in 1985 by guitarist John Petrucci, bassist John Myung, and drummer Mike Portnoy. The band\'s current line-up consists of Petrucci, Myung, Portnoy, keyboardist Jordan Rudess, and vocalist James LaBrie. As of 2025, Dream Theater has released sixteen studio albums.
## List
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Title | Year | Album | Lyricist | Length | Notes |
+===================================================+===========================+======================================================================================+=========================================================+===========================+=======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+
| \"2285 Entr\'acte\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | Instrumental | 2:20 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"6:00\" | 1994 | *Awake* | Kevin Moore | 5:31 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Better Life\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:39 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Broken Man\" | 2024 | *Parasomnia* | James LaBrie | 8:30 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Change of Seasons\" | 1995 | *A Change of Seasons* | Mike Portnoy | 23:09 | Originally written in 1989 and supposed to appear on *Images and Words*, but cut due to the album already being too long. The song was re-worked and released on the EP *A Change of Seasons*. The original version was never officially released. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Crack in the Mirror\" | 1994 | | Instrumental | 1:05 | Extended intro added to \"The Mirror\". Only played live during the Waking Up the World Tour (1994--95) and never officially released. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Fortune in Lies\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | John Petrucci | 5:12 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Life Left Behind\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 5:49 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Mind Beside Itself: I. Erotomania\" | 1994 | *Awake* | Instrumental | 6:44 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Mind Beside Itself: II. Voices\" | 1994 | *Awake* | John Petrucci | 9:53 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Mind Beside Itself: III. The Silent Man\" | 1994 | *Awake* | John Petrucci | 3:47 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A New Beginning\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 7:40 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Nightmare to Remember\" | 2009 | *Black Clouds & Silver Linings* | John Petrucci | 16:10 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Rite of Passage\" | 2009 | *Black Clouds & Silver Linings* | John Petrucci | 8:36 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Savior in the Square\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:13 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Tempting Offer\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:19 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A View from the Top of the World\" | 2021 | *A View from the Top of the World* | John Petrucci | 20:24 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"A Vision\" | 1986 | *Majesty Demos* | Kevin Moore | 11:24 | Two versions exist for this song: |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | - The original version released on The Majesty Demos (11:24). |
| | | | | | - A reworked version with Charlie Dominici on vocals. It appears on the When Dream and Day Unite Demos released as \"A Vision 89\" (7:10). |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Act of Faythe\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 5:00 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Afterlife\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | Charlie Dominici | 5:26 | A remixed version was released as a promo single. This song was written while Chris Collins was in the band and originally featured his lyrics and a different vocal melody, although the song title was the same. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Along for the Ride\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | John Petrucci | 4:45 | Released as a single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Anna Lee\" | 1997 | *Falling Into Infinity* | James LaBrie | 5:51 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Another Day\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | John Petrucci | 4:23 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Another Hand\" | 1993 | *Live at the Marquee* | Instrumental | 2:12 | Instrumental that connected \"Another Day\" and \"The Killing Hand\" when performed live in 1992 and 1993. Also was used as the intro to \"The Killing Hand\" on later tours. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Another Won\" | 1986 | *Majesty Demos* | John Petrucci | 5:27 | Appears on the *Score* live album. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Answering the Call\" | 2021 | *A View from the Top of the World* | James LaBrie | 7:35 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Are We Dreaming?\" | 2025 | *Parasomnia* | Instrumental | 1:28 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"As I Am\" | 2003 | *Train of Thought* | John Petrucci | 7:47 | Released as a single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Astonishing\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 5:51 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"At Wit\'s End\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | James LaBrie | 9:20 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Awake Jam\" | 1994 | | Instrumental | 5:39 | Improvisation jam. Only played live during the Waking Up the World Tour (1994--95) and never officially released. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Awaken the Master\" | 2021 | *A View from the Top of the World* | John Myung | 9:47 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Barfbag\" | 1993 | | Instrumental | | Improvisation jam. Only played live in the autumn of 1993 and never officially released. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Barstool Warrior\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | John Petrucci | 6:43 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Begin Again\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 3:54 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Behind the Veil\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | John Petrucci | 6:52 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Bend the Clock\" | 2025 | *Parasomnia* | James LaBrie | 7:24 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Beneath the Surface\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Petrucci | 5:26 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Blind Faith\" | 2002 | *Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence* | James LaBrie | 10:21 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Bombay Vindaloo\" | 1993 | *Live at the Marquee* | Instrumental | 6:48 | Improvisation jam. Only played live. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Breaking All Illusions\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Myung and John Petrucci | 12:25 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Bridges in the Sky\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Petrucci | 11:01 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Brother, Can You Hear Me?\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 5:11 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Build Me Up, Break Me Down\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Petrucci | 6:59 | Released as a single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Burning My Soul\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | Mike Portnoy | 5:29 | The original demo version is 9 minutes long and included a mellow introduction and most of what became Hell\'s Kitchen. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Caught in a Web\" | 1994 | *Awake* | James LaBrie and John Petrucci | 5:28 | Released as a promo single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Chosen\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:32 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Constant Motion\" | 2007 | *Systematic Chaos* | Mike Portnoy | 6:55 | Released as a single. A music video was made for this song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Cover My Eyes\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity Demos* | John Petrucci | 3:23 | Cut from the final album. A live acoustic version appears on *Once in a LIVEtime*. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Cry for Freedom\" | 1986 | *When Dream and Day Unite Demos* | Chris Collins | 6:46 | While this song had lyrics, and the song was performed live with Chris, the only \"proper\" recordings of this song that exist are instrumental demos. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Dead Asleep\" | 2025 | *Parasomnia* | John Petrucci | 11:06 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Descent of the NOMACS\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | NOMACS Instrumental | 1:10 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Digital Discord\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | NOMACS Instrumental | 0:47 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Disappear\" | 2002 | *Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence* | James LaBrie | 6:46 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Don\'t Look Past Me\" | 1992 | *Images and Words Demos* | Kevin Moore | 6:25 | Cut from the final album. Never officially released. James LaBrie re-recorded vocals for this song in 1999 which were added to the original 1990 demo for a fanclub CD release. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Dystopian Overture\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | Instrumental | 4:50 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Endless Sacrifice\" | 2003 | *Train of Thought* | John Petrucci | 11:24 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Enigma Machine\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | Instrumental | 6:01 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Eve\" | 1992 | *The Silent Man*, *Awake* (2-disc Japanese pressing) | Instrumental | 5:10 | Initially performed live in 1993. Recorded during the *Awake* sessions but cut from the final album. Appears as a B-side on *The Silent Man* single, as well as on a two-disc Japanese pressing of *Awake*. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Fall into the Light\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | John Myung and John Petrucci | 7:04 | Second single for *Distance over Time* |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"False Awakening Suite\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | Instrumental | 2:42 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Far from Heaven\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | James LaBrie | 3:56 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Forsaken\" | 2007 | *Systematic Chaos* | John Petrucci | 5:35 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Heaven\'s Cove\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:19 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Hell\'s Kitchen\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | Instrumental | 4:16 | Most of this song was originally an instrumental part of \"Burning My Soul\". |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Hollow Years\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | John Petrucci | 5:53 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Honor Thy Father\" | 2003 | *Train of Thought* | Mike Portnoy | 10:14 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Hymn of a Thousand Voices\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 3:38 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"I Walk Beside You\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | John Petrucci | 4:29 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Illumination Theory\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | John Petrucci | 22:17 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"In the Arms of Morpheus\" | 2025 | *Parasomnia* | Instrumental | 5:23 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"In the Name of God\" | 2003 | *Train of Thought* | John Petrucci | 14:16 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"In the Presence of Enemies\" | 2007 | *Systematic Chaos* | John Petrucci | 25:38 | Split in two parts: |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | - Part 1: 9:00 |
| | | | | | - Part 2: 16:38 |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Invisible Monster\" | 2021 | *A View from the Top of the World* | John Petrucci | 6:31 | Released as a promo single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Innocence Faded\" | 1994 | *Awake* | John Petrucci | 5:42 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Just Let Me Breathe\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | Mike Portnoy | 5:28 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Learning to Live\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | John Myung | 11:30 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Lie\" | 1994 | *Awake* | Kevin Moore | 6:33 | A music video was made for the song |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Lifting Shadows Off a Dream\" | 1994 | *Awake* | John Myung | 6:05 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Light Fuse and Get Away\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | Kevin Moore | 7:23 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Lines in the Sand\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | John Petrucci | 12:05 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Lord Nafaryus\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 3:28 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Losing Faythe\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:13 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Lost Not Forgotten\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Petrucci | 10:11 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Machine Chatter\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | NOMACS Instrumental | 1:03 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"March of the Tyrant\" | 1986 | *Majesty Demos* | John Myung | 5:34 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Metropolis Pt. I: The Miracle and the Sleeper\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | John Petrucci | 9:32 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Metropolis Pt. II\" | 1996 | *Falling into Infinity Demos* | Instrumental (lyrics never written) | 21:25 | Original epic sequel to Metropolis pt. I and intended for the Falling into Infinity album. Lyrics were never written and this version of the song was abandoned once they decided to expand it into a full album, which became Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Midnight Messiah\" | 2025 | *Parasomnia* | Mike Portnoy | 7:58 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Misunderstood\" | 2002 | *Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence* | John Petrucci | 9:32 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Moment of Betrayal\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 6:11 | Released as a promo single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Moon Bubbles\" | 1992 | | Instrumental | | Improvisation jam on guitar and bass. Only played live and never officially released. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"My Last Farewell\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 3:44 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Never Enough\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | Mike Portnoy | 6:46 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"New Millennium\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | Mike Portnoy | 8:20 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Night Terror\" | 2024 | *Parasomnia* | John Petrucci | 9:55 | First single for *Parasomnia* |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Octavarium\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | James LaBrie, John Petrucci, and Mike Portnoy | 24:00 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Only a Matter of Time\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | Kevin Moore | 6:35 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"On the Backs of Angels\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Petrucci | 8:42 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Our New World\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:12 | Featuring Lizzy Hale on vocals. Released as a promo single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Out of Reach\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | James LaBrie | 4:04 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Outcry\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Petrucci | 11:24 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Pale Blue Dot\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | John Petrucci | 8:25 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Panic Attack\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | John Petrucci | 8:13 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Paralyzed\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | John Petrucci | 4:17 | Third single for *Distance over Time* |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Peruvian Skies\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | John Petrucci | 6:43 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Power Down\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | NOMACS Instrumental | 1:25 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Prophets of War\" | 2007 | *Systematic Chaos* | James LaBrie | 6:00 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Pull Me Under\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | Kevin Moore | 8:14 | Released as a promo single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Puppies on Acid\" | 1994 | *Awake* sessions | Instrumental | 1:24 | Intro part of \"The Mirror\", and also the working title of this song. Appears on *Once in a LIVEtime* |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Raise the Knife\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity Demos*, *Score* | Mike Portnoy | 11:40 | Cut from the final album. A live version appears on the *Score* live album. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Ravenskill\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 6:01 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Raw Dog\" | 2010 | *God of War: Blood & Metal* | Instrumental | 7:33 | Last song to be recorded with Mike Portnoy until his reunion with the band in 2023 |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Repentance\" | 2007 | *Systematic Chaos* | Mike Portnoy | 10:43 | Part four of the Twelve-step Suite. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Room 137\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | Mike Mangini | 4:23 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"S2N\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | John Myung and John Petrucci | 6:21 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Sacrificed Sons\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | James LaBrie | 10:42 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scarred\" | 1994 | *Awake* | John Petrucci | 10:59 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Eight: The Spirit Carries On\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | John Petrucci | 6:38 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Five: Through Her Eyes\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | John Petrucci | 5:29 | Released as a single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Four: Beyond This Life\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | John Petrucci | 11:22 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Nine: Finally Free | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | Mike Portnoy | 11:59 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene One: Regression\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | John Petrucci | 2:06 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Seven: I. The Dance of Eternity\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | Instrumental | 6:13 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Seven: II. One Last Time\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | James LaBrie | 3:46 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Six: Home\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | Mike Portnoy | 12:53 | Released as a promo single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Three: I. Through My Words | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | John Petrucci | 1:02 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Three: II. Fatal Tragedy\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | John Myung | 6:49 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Two: I. Overture 1928\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | Instrumental | 3:37 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Scene Two: II. Strange Deja Vu\" | 1999 | *Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* | Mike Portnoy | 5:12 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence\" | 2002 | *Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence* | John Petrucci and Mike Portnoy | 42:02 | Divided into eight parts : |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | - \"I. Overture\" (6:50) |
| | | | | | - \"II. About to Crash\" (5:50) |
| | | | | | - \"III. War Inside My Head\" (2:08) |
| | | | | | - \"IV. The Test That Stumped Them All\" (5:03) |
| | | | | | - \"V. Goodnight Kiss\" (6:17) |
| | | | | | - \"VI. Solitary Shell\" (5:47) |
| | | | | | - \"VII. About to Crash (Reprise)\" (4:04) |
| | | | | | - \"VIII. Losing Time/Grand Finale\" (5:59) |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Sleeping Giant\" | 2021 | *A View from the Top of the World* | John Petrucci | 10:05 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Slow Motion\" | 1993 | | Instrumental | | Improvisation jam. Only played live in January 1993 and never officially released. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Space-Dye Vest\" | 1994 | *Awake* | Kevin Moore | 7:29 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Speak to Me\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity Demos* | James LaBrie | 6:25 | 6\' MINI CD. Appears on *Falling Into Infinity - Japanese version - EastWest Records America -- AMCY-2315-S* |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Status Seeker\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | Charlie Dominici and John Petrucci | 4:17 | A remixed version was released as a promo single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Stream of Consciousness\" | 2003 | *Train of Thought* | Instrumental | 11:16 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Surrender to Reason\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | John Myung | 6:34 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Surrounded\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | Kevin Moore | 5:30 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Take Away My Pain\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | John Petrucci | 6:03 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Take the Time\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | John Petrucci, Mike Portnoy, John Myung and Kevin Moore | 8:21 | Released as a promo single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Alien\" | 2021 | *A View from the Top of the World* | James LaBrie | 9:32 | Released as a promo single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Answer\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 1:52 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Answer Lies Within\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | John Petrucci | 5:33 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Best of Times\" | 2009 | *Black Clouds & Silver Linings* | Mike Portnoy | 13:09 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Bigger Picture\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | John Petrucci | 7:40 | Released as a single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Count of Tuscany\" | 2009 | *Black Clouds & Silver Linings* | John Petrucci | 19:16 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Dark Eternal Night\" | 2007 | *Systematic Chaos* | John Petrucci | 8:53 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Enemy Inside\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | John Petrucci | 6:17 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Gift of Music\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:00 | Released as a promo single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Glass Prison\" | 2002 | *Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence* | Mike Portnoy | 13:53 | Part one of the Twelve-step Suite. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Great Debate\" | 2002 | *Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence* | John Petrucci | 13:46 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Holiday Spirit Carries On\" | 2020 | *The Holiday Spirit Carries On* | | 5:14 | Released on December 1, 2020 for the help of the touring crew of Dream Theater because of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Hovering Sojourn\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | NOMACS Instrumental | 0:27 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Killing Hand\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | John Petrucci | 8:41 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Looking Glass\" | 2013 | *Dream Theater* | John Petrucci | 4:53 | Released as a single. A music video was made for the song. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Ministry of Lost Souls\" | 2007 | *Systematic Chaos* | John Petrucci | 14:57 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Mirror\" | 1994 | *Awake* | Mike Portnoy | 6:45 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Path That Divides\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 5:09 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Ones Who Help to Set the Sun\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | John Petrucci | 8:05 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Road to Revolution\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 3:35 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Root of All Evil\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | Mike Portnoy | 8:25 | Part three of the Twelve-step Suite. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Shadow Man Incident\" | 2025 | *Parasomnia* | John Petrucci | 19:32 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Shattered Fortress\" | 2009 | *Black Clouds & Silver Linings* | Mike Portnoy | 12:49 | Part five of the Twelve-step Suite. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Walking Shadow\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 2:58 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Way It Used to Be\" | 1997 | *Hollow Years*, *Falling Into Infinity Demos* | James LaBrie | 7:47 | Cut from the final album. Appears on the *Hollow Years* single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The X Aspect\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:13 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Ytse Jam\" | 1989 | *When Dream and Day Unite* | Instrumental | 5:46 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"These Walls\" | 2005 | *Octavarium* | John Petrucci | 7:36 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"This Dying Soul\" | 2003 | *Train of Thought* | Mike Portnoy | 11:27 | Part two of the Twelve-step Suite. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"This Is the Life\" | 2011 | *A Dramatic Turn of Events* | John Petrucci | 6:57 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Three Days\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 3:44 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"To Live Forever\" | 1992 | *Lie*, *Greatest Hit (\...and 21 Other Pretty Cool Songs)*, *Images and Words Demos* | John Petrucci, Kevin Moore | 4:26 | Originally written in 1987. 4 versions exist : |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | - A demo from 1988 with Charlie Dominici singing. Never officially released. |
| | | | | | - A demo recorded in 1990. Separate versions featuring the vocals of John Hendricks and Steve Stone (with the same backing track) were released on the Images and Words Demos official bootleg. |
| | | | | | - A high quality demo recorded before the *Images and Words* sessions in 1991. Released on the Images and Words Demos official bootleg. |
| | | | | | - A version recorded during the *Awake* sessions. Appears on the *Lie* single and on the *Greatest Hit (\...and 21 Other Pretty Cool Songs)* compilation album. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Trial of Tears\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | John Myung | 13:06 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Two Far\" | 1986 | *Majesty Demos* | Kevin Moore | 5:25 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Transcending Time\" | 2021 | *A View from the Top of the World* | John Petrucci | 6:25 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Under a Glass Moon\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | John Petrucci | 7:03 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Untethered Angel\" | 2018 | *Distance over Time* | John Petrucci | 6:14 | First single for *Distance over Time* |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Vacant\" | 2003 | *Train of Thought* | James LaBrie | 2:57 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Viper King\" | 2019 | *Distance over Time* | James LaBrie | 4:00 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Vital Star\" | 1986 | *Majesty Demos* | Kevin Moore | 5:44 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Wait for Sleep\" | 1992 | *Images and Words* | Kevin Moore | 2:31 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"When Your Time Has Come\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 4:19 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Where Are You Now\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity Demos* | John Petrucci | 7:27 | Cut from the final album. Never officially released. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Whispers on the Wind\" | 2016 | *The Astonishing* | John Petrucci | 1:37 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Wither\" | 2009 | *Black Clouds & Silver Linings* | John Petrucci | 5:25 | Released as the *Wither* EP. A music video was made for the song. A version with John Petrucci singing (with the same album backing track) also exists, as does a completely separate version on piano and vocals only. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"You Not Me\" | 1997 | *Falling into Infinity* | John Petrucci and Desmond Child | 4:58 | Heavily re-worked version of \"You Or Me\". |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"You Or Me\" | 1997 | *Hollow Years*, *Falling Into Infinity sessions* | John Petrucci | 6:28 | Original version of \"You Not Me\". Appears on the *Hollow Years* single. |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Your Majesty\" | 1986 | *Majesty Demos* | John Petrucci | 3:45 | |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4,741 |
List of songs recorded by Dream Theater
| 0 |
10,010,671 |
# List of songs recorded by Dream Theater
## Medleys
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Title | Appearances | Notes |
+=======================================================================+==========================================================+=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+
| \"Caught in a New Millennium\" | *Live Scenes from New York* | Mashup of \"Caught in a Web\" and \"New Millennium\". Played in 2000 during the Metropolis 2000 tour. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Caught in Alice\'s Nine-Inch Tool Garden\" | Old Bridge, New Jersey -- 12/14/96 (CD) official bootleg | Not a true medley, but rather a reworked version of \"Caught in a Web\", influenced by Alice in Chains, Nine Inch Nails, Tool and Soundgarden. Played around December 1996, and April & September 1997. Served as the initial basis for what later became the song \"New Millennium\" |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Unnamed medley, labeled by fans as \"Falling Into a Change of Awake\" | | Selections from the tracks \"Puppies on Acid\", \"A Change of Seasons\", \"Just Let Me Breathe\", Liquid Tension Experiment\'s \"Acid Rain\", \"Caught in a Web\" and \"New Millenium\". Played in 2000 during the Metropolis 2000 tour. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Instrumedley\" | *Live at Budokan* | Selections from the tracks \"The Dance of Eternity\", \"Metropolis Pt. 1: The Miracle and the Sleeper\", \"Erotomania\", \"A Change of Seasons\", \"Ytse Jam\", \"Hell\'s Kitchen\" and songs by Liquid Tension Experiment. Played during the World Tourbulence and Train of Thought tours. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"Schmedley Wilcox\" | *Chaos in Motion 2007-2008* | Selections from the tracks \"Trial of Tears\", \"Finally Free\", \"Learning to Live\", \"In the Name of God\" and \"Octavarium\". Played as an encore song for most of the shows of the Chaos in Motion tour. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"The Big Medley\" | *A Change of Seasons* | Mashup of the following covers : |
| | | |
| | | - In the Flesh? (Pink Floyd) |
| | | - Carry On Wayward Son (Kansas) |
| | | - Bohemian Rhapsody (Queen) |
| | | - Lovin\', Touchin\', Squeezin\' (Journey) |
| | | - Cruise Control (Dixie Dregs) |
| | | - Turn it on Again (Genesis) |
| | | |
| | | Played only at the uncovered fan club gig at the Ronnie Scott\'s Jazz Club in London (England), on January 31, 1995. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \"When Images and Words Unite\" | *Through Her Eyes* single | Selection from the tracks \"Pull Me Under\", \"Under a Glass Moon\", \"A Fortune in Lies\", \"Only a Matter of Time\" and \"Take the Time\". Played during the Scenes from a Memory and Metropolis 2000 tours
| 420 |
List of songs recorded by Dream Theater
| 1 |
10,010,672 |
# Naval Security Group
The **Naval Security Group** (NAVSECGRU) was an organization within the United States Navy, tasked with intelligence gathering and denial of intelligence to adversaries. A large part of this is signals intelligence gathering, cryptology and information assurance. The NAVSECGRU organization was active from March 1935 to September 2005.
In addition to being part of the Navy, NAVSECGRU was also part of the National Security Agency\'s Central Security Service.
The NAVSECGRU organization was transferred to the Naval Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM) where its former assets made up the Information Operations Directorate. The service cryptologic commander role was transferred to United States Tenth Fleet 29 January 2010
| 108 |
Naval Security Group
| 0 |
10,010,705 |
# Egyptian NGO Law
**Egyptian NGO Law** 84 (2002) establishes two main types of NGOs (non-governmental organizations): *Community Development Associations* and *Civic Foundations*.
## Community Development Associations (CDAs) {#community_development_associations_cdas}
### Requirements
The Founders of CDAs may be either physical or juridical persons. Foreigners must be legally resident in Egypt. Foreign juridical persons must be established in Egypt or authorized to conduct their activities in Egypt; otherwise, they cannot be Founders. There must be at least ten founders, and the purpose of the CDA must not involve the making of profit. The Founders must have written *Articles of Association* signed by all the Founders, and have suitable headquarters in Egypt.
The Articles of Association must contain:
- The name of the Association, which should be inspired by its purpose, and not confusingly similar to any other Association operating within its geographical area.
- The type and scope of the CDA\'s activities and its geographical area.
- The address of the headquarters of the CDA.
- The name, title, age, residence and nationality of each Founder.
- The CDA\'s resources and method of utilization and disposal.
- The representative bodies of the Association, the role of each, the method of electing, discharging and annulling or suspending membership as well as the quorum necessary for valid meetings and valid resolutions.
- System and conditions of membership and rights and obligations of members, particularly each member\'s right to have access to the Association\'s documents, attend and cast votes in the general assembly.
- The financial control system.
- Rules of amending the Association\'s statutes and setting up branches, cases of termination and parties to which the Association\'s property will devolve in such cases.
- A statement specifying the competent person to apply for an Association to acquire a public-benefit capacity.
- A statement specifying the Founders' Assembly representative authorized to conduct foundation procedures.
### Conditions
These articles must be duly registered with the Ministry of Social Solidarity, which is obligated to register the CDA within 60 days, unless the Ministry objects in writing. Should they object, the CDA may mitigate the objections within the time specified by the Ministry. Associations (and NGOs in general) are not permitted to form military or para-military formations or detachments; threaten national unity, violate public order or morality or advocate discrimination against citizens, an account of sex, origin, colour, language, religion or creed; practise any political or trade union activity exclusively restricted to political parties and trade unions; or to seek profit or practise any profit-oriented activity. However, adopting commercial controls to generate such income that contributes to the realization of the Association\'s purposes is permitted. CDAs are exempt from most taxes and customs, and may accept contributions and donations from abroad, with the permission of the Ministry of Social Solidarity. CDAs must have a General Assembly of all active members, and a Board of Directors, of at least five members elected by the General Assembly for six year terms, and subject to the rules indicated in Law 84/2002. The percentage of Egypt Board Members must be at least equal to those of foreign members.
## Civic Foundations {#civic_foundations}
These differ from CDAs in that there is no minimum number of Founders. The Founders should have Articles of Association comprising the following information:
- The Foundation name and its geographical jurisdiction and headquarters in Egypt.
- The purpose for which it is established.
- A detailed account of funds appropriated to realize the Foundation\'s purposes.
- The foundation\'s management organization, including methods of appointing head and members of boards of trustees and manager.
### Alternatives
A Foundation may also be established under an official deed or registered will, either of which shall be deemed to be the Statute for the Foundation. Each Foundation shall have a board of trustees to be composed of at least three members appointed by founder(s). A Foundation may receive funds from third parties subject to approval by the Minister of Social Solidarity
| 658 |
Egyptian NGO Law
| 0 |
10,010,709 |
# Walther Dahl
**Walther Dahl** (27 March 1916 -- 25 November 1985) was a German pilot and a fighter ace during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight\'s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Dahl claimed some 128 enemy aircraft shot down in 678 missions.
## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Dahl was born on 27 March 1916 in Lug near Bad Bergzabern, son of a *Volksschule* teacher who was killed in action in 1918 on the Western Front of World War I. He joined the military service on 29 October 1935, initially serving as a *Schütze* with *Infanterie-Regiment* 35 before transferring to *Infanterie-Regiment* 119 in Stuttgart on 6 October 1936. On 18 January 1938, Dahl was promoted to *Leutnant* (second lieutenant) of the Reserves with an effective date as of 1 January 1938.
On 28 October 1938, Dahl quit his service with the *Heer* (army) and joined the *Schutzpolizei* (police) on 29 October 1938. On 1 May 1939, Dahl resigned and joined the Luftwaffe (air force) and becoming a fighter pilot.
## World War II {#world_war_ii}
In May 1941 Dahl was posted to *Jagdgeschwader* 3 (JG 3---3rd Fighter Wing) and claimed his first victory on 22 June during the first day of the invasion of the Soviet Union.
Dahl commanded 4. *Staffel* of JG 3 from 13 February until 9 April 1942 as *Staffelkapitän*. He had taken over command from *Hauptmann* Georg Michalek who was transferred. When Dahl was ordered to take over command of 1. *Staffel* of *Ergänzungsgruppe Süd*, he passed command of 4. *Staffel* of JG 3 to *Oberleutnant* Gerhard Walz. On 20 July 1943, Dahl was given command as *Gruppenkommandeur* (group commander) of III. *Gruppe* of JG 3. He replaced *Hauptmann* Karl-Heinz Langer who was one of the temporary leaders of the *Gruppe* after its former commander *Hauptmann* Wolfgang Ewald became a prisoner of war on 14 July.
### Wing commander {#wing_commander}
On 21 May 1944, Dahl was appointed commander of *Jagdgeschwader zur besonderen Verwendung* (JG z.b.V.---a special purpose fighter wing). He led the unit until taking command of *Jagdgeschwader* 300 (JG 300---300th Fighter Wing) on 27 June 1944. Dahl set up his *Geschwaderstab* (headquarters unit) at Ansbach, planning combined operations with JG 3 \"Udet\". Dahl succeeded *Major* Walter Brede as commander of JG 300. Command of III. *Gruppe* of JG 3 was then passed to *Major* Karl-Heinz Langer.
On 7 July 1944, a force of 1,129 B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Eighth Air Force set out from England to bomb aircraft factories in the Leipzig area and the synthetic oil plants at Boehlen, Leuna-Merseburg and Lützkendorf. This force was divided into three prongs. The first group consisted of 373 B-24s, the second force of the 3rd Bomb Division was made up of 303 B-17s, and the third wave was made up of 450 B-17s. A series of accidents at the start of the mission allowed the *Luftwaffe* to focus their attacks on the B-24 force. This formation was intercepted by a German *Gefechtsverband* (task force) consisting of IV.(Sturm) *Gruppe* Jagdgeschwader 3 escorted by two *Gruppen* of Bf 109s from JG 300 led by Dahl. Dahl drove the attack to point-blank range behind the Liberators of the 492nd Bomb Group before opening fire. 492nd Bomb Group was temporarily without fighter cover. Within about a minute the entire squadron of twelve B-24s had been annihilated. The Germans claimed 28 USAAF 2nd Air Division B-24s that day and were credited with at least 21. The majority to the Sturmgruppe attack, IV./JG 3 lost nine fighters shot down and three more suffered damage and made crash landings; five of the unit\'s pilots were killed. On this mission, Dahl was credited with his 72nd aerial victory, a B-24 shot down in the vicinity of Quedlinburg.
On 13 September, Dahl claimed to have brought down a B-17 four-engined bomber by ramming according to his own account. Lorant and Goyat, the historians of JG 300, found no evidence of a corresponding loss in US archives.
On 26 January 1945, Hermann Göring appointed him *Inspekteur der Tagjäger* (Inspector of the Day Fighters). Despite his promotion, Dahl continued to fly operationally. On 28 February 1945, Dahl was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 98th *Luftwaffe* pilot to achieve the century mark.
Dahl ended the war flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter with III./Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2 (a supplementary fighter unit). On 27 March 1945, Dahl claimed two P-47 Thunderbolt fighter kills. His 129th and last victory was a USAAF P-51 Mustang near Dillingen an der Donau on 26 April 1945. Dahl was promoted to *Oberst* (colonel) on 30 April 1945. He was taken prisoner of war by US forces in Bavaria at the end of World War II in Europe.
## Later life {#later_life}
Following the war, Dahl became a member of the Deutsche Reichspartei (DRP---German Reich Party) In the West German federal election of 1961 he unsuccessfully ran as a candidate for the DRP. On 8 May 1961, Dahl founded the \"*Reichsverband der Soldaten*\" (RdS---lit. \"Reich Association of Soldiers\"). Among others, the founding meeting was attended by Adolf von Thadden and Erich Kern, the honorary president was Hans-Ulrich Rudel. It was planned that the RdS youth program was to be organized in the *Bund Vaterländischer Jugend* (Coalition of the Patriotic Youth), a group which was banned that same year due to its radical right-wing affiliation.
Dahl was married to Regina Dahl, a journalist with the *National Zeitung*, a weekly extreme right newspaper published by Gerhard Frey. Dahl was a spokesman for the German People\'s Union, a nationalist political party founded by Frey. In 2004, Frey and Hajo Herrmann published an abstract of Dahl\'s biography in the book *Helden der Wehrmacht -- Unsterbliche deutsche Soldaten \[Heroes of the Wehrmacht -- Immortal German soldiers\]*. This publication was classified as a far-right wing publication by Claudia Fröhlich and Horst-Alfred Heinrich. Dahl died on 25 November 1985 of heart failure in Heidelberg.
| 1,004 |
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| 0 |
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# Walther Dahl
## Publications
- *Rammjäger: Bericht über seine Kriegserlebnisse 1943 bis 1945* (in German). `{{illm|Pour le Mérite Verlag|de|Pour le Mérite Verlag}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ISBN|3-932381-01-7}}`{=mediawiki} (2000).
## Summary of career {#summary_of_career}
### Aerial victory claims {#aerial_victory_claims}
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Dahl was credited with 129 aerial victories. Spick lists him with 128 aerial victories claimed in 678 combat missions. This figure includes 77 claims on the Eastern Front, and 51 on the Western Front, 36 of them being four-engined bombers. Mathews and Foreman, authors of *Luftwaffe Aces --- Biographies and Victory Claims*, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he claimed at least 90 aerial victories, at least 56 of which claimed on the Eastern Front and more than 34 on Western Front, including over 22 four-engined bombers, plus further 13 unconfirmed claims. He claimed seven victories flying the Me 262. The claim that he is attributed with 128 aerial victories cannot be verified through the archives.
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = *Planquadrat*), for example \"PQ 49283\". The *Luftwaffe* grid map (*Jägermeldenetz*) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 sqmi. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 x in size.
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Chronicle of aerial victories |
+=============================================================+
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Claim |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- *Stab* II. *Gruppe* of *Jagdgeschwader* 3 \"Udet\" --\ |
| Operation Barbarossa --- 22 June -- 5 December 1941 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 8 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- 4. *Staffel* of *Jagdgeschwader* 3 \"Udet\" --\ |
| Mediterranean Theater --- 7 January -- 26 April 1942 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- *Stab* of *Jagdgeschwader* 3 \"Udet\" --\ |
| Eastern Front --- 19 May 1942 -- 3 February 1943 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 18 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 19 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 20 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 21 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 22 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 23 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 24 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 25 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 26 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 27 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 28 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 29 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 30 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- *Stab* of *Jagdgeschwader* 3 \"Udet\" --\ |
| Eastern Front --- 4 February -- 10 May 1943 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 43 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 44 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 45 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 46 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 47 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- *Stab* III. *Gruppe* of *Jagdgeschwader* 3 \"Udet\" --\ |
| Defense of the Reich --- 8 August -- 31 December 1943 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 52? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 53 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 54 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- *Stab* III. *Gruppe* of *Jagdgeschwader* 3 \"Udet\" --\ |
| Defense of the Reich --- 1 January -- 6 June 1943 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 57 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 58? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 59? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 60? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 61 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 62? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 63? |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 64 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- *Stab* of *Jagdgeschwader* 300 --\ |
| Defense of the Reich --- 27 June -- 16 September 1944 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 72 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 73 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 74 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- *Stab* of *Jagdgeschwader* 300 --\ |
| Defense of the Reich --- 17 September 1944 -- February 1945 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 77 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 78 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 79 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 80 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 81 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 82 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 83 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 84 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 85 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 86 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| -- III. *Gruppe* of *Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader* 2 --\ |
| Defense of the Reich --- March -- April 1945 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 96 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 97 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 98 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 99 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
### Awards
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 5 January 1942
- German Cross in Gold on 2 December 1942 as *Oberleutnant* in the Stab/JG 3
- Knight\'s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight\'s Cross on 11 March 1944 as *Major* and *Gruppenkommandeur* of the III
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| 1 |
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# Nikkaluokta
**Nikkaluokta** (`{{IPA|sv|ˈnɪ̌kːalʉɔkta}}`{=mediawiki}; North Sámi: *Nihkkáluokta*; Meänkieli: *Nikkulahti*) is a Swedish Sami village in Norrbotten County. The village belongs to Gällivare Municipality, bordering Kiruna Municipality, the closest urban area some 60 kilometers away. In its vicinity lie the areas of two Sami communities, Laevas and Girjas, who still herd semi-domesticated reindeer in the region.
Nikkaluokta has a mountain lodge, complete with a small grocery store and restaurant, a chapel, and, during the summer months, a commercial helicopter base. It is a popular starting point for several hiking and skiing trails in the Kebnekaise area, including the notable Kungsleden. On foot, it takes around five hours to travel the 19 kilometer distance between the two mountain lodges in Nikkaluokta and Kebnekaise.
Nikkaluokta is sited in the centre of three valleys, where the tarmac road from Kiruna Municipality ends. To travel farther, trails and mountain paths of varying size and condition must be used. Nikkaluokta Bay in Lake Ladtjojaure is also the starting point for the water route into scenic Vistas Valley.
## Image gallery {#image_gallery}
<File:Nikkaluokta> July 2012.jpg\|Aerial view of Nikkaluokta from nearby height <File:Nikkaluokta_kyrka_view1.jpg%7CThe> chapel <File:Nikkaluokta> mountains.jpg\|The tarmac road leading into Nikkaluokta <File:Nikkaluoktavägen> March 2008.jpg\|The same road in winter
## Climate
Nikkaluokta has a subarctic, boreal, climate (Dfc) since only two months of the short summer have temperature averages that exceed 10 degrees celsius with this followed by long and very cold winters where seven months have mean averages below freezing. However, considering its far northerly latitude, winters are comparatively less extreme than on similar latitudes elsewhere in the world, but temperatures below -40 C are not infrequent, even by late spring in May lows are still averaging below freezing, with frosts during the midnight sun period not uncommon
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| 0 |
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# Rick Rydell
**Rick Rydell** (born **Richard Green**, September 29, 1963) is an American talk radio host, outdoorsman, writer and author. Rydell enjoyed a long career in radio, most prominently with various stations in the Northwest. His last job in radio was as the morning drive-time host on Anchorage station 650 KENI, until accepting a position in the Alaska Department of Fish and Game offered him by the governor in December 2018.
## Early life {#early_life}
Rydell was born on September 29, 1963, in Seattle, Washington, growing up in a working-class family. His mother worked for Boeing as a general laborer, while his father worked as a tool maker for Heath Tecna, a supplier to Boeing. Rydell had three older sisters, one of whom had Down syndrome and died at age 3. He spent his second birthday in a hospital with his father, who was recovering from cancer-induced amputation of one of his legs.
At the beginning of second grade, the family moved to Payette, Idaho, for a new job. It lasted only eight months. The family then moved to Billings, Montana, where his father began a new career in radio.
When Rydell was 16, his parents told him to find a job or move out. In response, he did both. His baseball coach was the program director at KGHL, and offered him a job, with one condition: changing his last name to avoid confusion with his father\'s radio program,. It was then the radio personality **Rick Rydell** was born.
## Radio career {#radio_career}
Rydell first gained notoriety in radio in Spokane, Washington, with following gigs in KXYQ and KMJK in Portland, Oregon, then a two-year stint in Cleveland at WNCX. Rydell was the anchor on morning show that launched Mike Trivisonno and Todd Brandt into radio fame.
In 1990 and moved to Anchorage, Alaska. There, he was hired at a relatively new station, KBFX. Various stations had floundered at the 100.5 frequency in Anchorage for over a decade before it was relaunched as KBFX, playing a classic rock format. Rydell spent a number of years during the early and mid-1990s as KBFX\'s morning show host, the last several years with co-host Jackie Purcell, the weather director for Anchorage television station KTUU. Being fired in 1996, Rydell suddenly found himself out of work. He spent several years away from Anchorage and away from radio, mostly working in construction. He returned to Anchorage and made the transition to talk radio in 2001, following the retirement of KENI\'s longtime morning host Dick Lobdell.
Rydell\'s program focused on local and state politics and current events. The show shot up from 17th to #1 within six months and remained a highly-rated show for years. Rydell then broadcast weekday mornings on 650 KENI Rydell previously simulcast his show to Fairbanks station KFBX, as well as contributed commentaries to the station\'s newscasts.
Amongst Rydell\'s awards for his various radio programs, he was named \"Best Morning Show\" by *The Oregonian* in 1988, \"Best Comedy Series\" in 1994, \"Best Radio Show\" in 2005, and \"Most Uniquely Alaskan Radio Show\" in 2006 by the Alaska Broadcasters Association. Rydell himself was named Alaska Republican Man of the Year for 2004 by the Republican Party of Alaska. In 2012 Rydell was referred to as an \"All-Time Great Local Host\" during the Conclave Learning Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
He retired from radio in December 2018 after accepting a position in the Alaska Department of Fish and Game offered him by the governor.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He has frequently mentioned on the air over the years that he is a booster of the programs of South Anchorage High School.
He has also worked as a mechanic, lead singer of multiple rock bands, a hunting and fishing guide, and as a contractor
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10,010,733 |
# List of 18th-century British children's literature publishers
**List of 18th-century British children\'s literature publishers** (arranged by year of birth):
- Thomas Boreman
- Mary Cooper
- John Newbery (1713--1767)
- Elizabeth Newbery
- John Marshall (publisher)
- William Darton
- John Harris (publisher)
| 44 |
List of 18th-century British children's literature publishers
| 0 |
10,010,748 |
# Rudolf of Bruges
**Rudolf (Rudolph) of Bruges** was a Flemish translator from Arabic into Latin active in the twelfth century who worked at the Toledo School of Translators.
He was a pupil of Hermann of Carinthia. He was an astronomer, and translated into Latin as *Liber de compositione astrolabii*, a major work of Islamic science on the astrolabe by Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, that he dedicated to his colleague at the Toledo School, John of Seville.
He also produced commentary on Ptolemy\'s *Planisphaerium* by the same author
| 88 |
Rudolf of Bruges
| 0 |
10,010,779 |
# Charles Oaks Ermatinger
**Charles Oaks (Oakes) Ermatinger** (February 5, 1851 -- December 16, 1921) was an Ontario lawyer, judge and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1883 to 1886 as a Conservative member.
He was born in St. Thomas, Canada West, in 1851, the son of Edward Ermatinger and the grandson of Zacheus Burnham. He articled in law with H.F. Ellis and D.B. Read, was called to the bar in 1873 and set up practice at St. Thomas. He served on the town council. In 1876, he married Charlotte, the widow of Arthur Dickson and daughter of Hugh Richardson. In 1885, he was named Queen\'s Counsel. Ermatinger ran unsuccessfully for the same seat in the House of Commons in 1887. In 1890, he was appointed Junior Judge for Elgin County.
Ermatinger published an edition of *The Talbot regime : or, The first half century of the Talbot settlement*, originally published by his father
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Charles Oaks Ermatinger
| 0 |
10,010,787 |
# Vadner Bhairao
**Vadner** is a town of about 30,000 people in Nashik district, Maharashtra state, India. Vadner is famous for its grapes.
Vadner is 45km to Northeast side from nashik city.The town is predominantly an agrarian one with approximately 80% of its population engaged in agriculture and related activities. The remaining 20% are in supporting activities like services, transport, and retail. Vadner is a fairly rich town due to grape farming.
The predominant religion in Vadner is Hindu, although Islam is also practiced by many families. Most farmer families are Phool-Mali and Maratha. The caste divide is not very strong in day-to-day activities. However, in terms of marriages and political lobbying, caste divides are well entrenched.
Every year in the month of April, a festival takes place on the eve of the marriage of the god Bhairvnath.
Many aspects of modern life remain underdeveloped in Vadner. Internet is available, and banking is carried out by local cooperatives. There is no major hospital and residents must rely on nearly larger towns for nonessential market items
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Vadner Bhairao
| 0 |
10,010,789 |
# Fenwick baronets
The **Fenwick Baronetcy**, of Fenwick in the County of Northumberland, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 9 June 1628 for Sir John Fenwick, of Wallington Hall, Northumberland. He sat as Member of Parliament for Northumberland, and was elected for Cockermouth in 1641. The second and third Baronets also represented Northumberland in Parliament. The title became extinct when the third Baronet was executed for treason on 27 January 1697.
The ancient family of Fenwick had its seat from the 12th century at Fenwick Tower, Matfen, Northumberland, and later from the 16th century at Wallington Hall.
## Fenwick baronets, of Fenwick (1628) {#fenwick_baronets_of_fenwick_1628}
- Sir John Fenwick, 1st Baronet (c. 1573 -- c. 1658)
- Sir William Fenwick, 2nd Baronet (c
| 128 |
Fenwick baronets
| 0 |
10,010,791 |
# Homagama
**Homagama** is a town in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka, about 24 km south-east of Colombo. The Homagama Pradeshiya Sabha consists of the Homagama divisional secretariat and 10 GN division of Padukka DS division. The total Land area is about is 137 km2 of 90 GN division. The Pradeshiya Sabha was established under act No 15 of 1987, and has the highest population of any pradeshiya sabha area in Sri Lanka.Homagama DS Division is the Division which has the largest Buddhist population in Sri Lanka.It is home to notable places, such as the [Technology faculty of University of Colombo](https://tech.cmb.ac.lk/), campus of the National School of Business Management (NSBM), Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, the Panagoda Cantonment, Upali Newspapers, Mahinda Rajapaksha College Homagama, St. Michael\'s College, Homagama, Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka, Ceylon Biscuits Limited (CBL) and the Laxapana Battery Company.
## Demographics
Data is drawn from the 2012 national census.
No Ethnicity Population \% Of Total
---- ------------------- ------------- -------------
1 Sinhalese 233,436 98.12
2 Sri Lankan Tamils 2,032 0.85
3 Sri Lankan Moors 596 0.25
4 Indian Tamils 410 0.17
5 Other 1,431 0.60
6 Total **237,905** **100**
Religious composition \\ Buddhists 228,829-96.19% \\ Roman Catholics 3,618-1.52% \\ Other Christians 2,097-0.88% \\ Hindus 1,827-0.77% \\ Islam 1,484-0.62% \\ Others 50-0.02% \\
## Transport
Homagama sits along the A4 Highway connecting it to both Colombo and Avissawella and beyond. The town is served by two rail lines (Kelani Valley and Homagama) with 66 trains a day connecting Homagama\'s two rail stations (one located 300 m north of Homagama junction along the Athurugiriya road and one opposite the Homagama hospital) with Maradana and Avissawella
| 277 |
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| 0 |
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# Cijin District
**Cijin District**`{{refn|group=Note|name=usage}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{zh|c={{linktext|旗津|區}}|hp=Qíjīn Qū|tp=Cíjin Cyu|w=Chʻi²-chin¹ Chʻü¹|poj=Kî-tin-khu}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, covering **Cijin Island**`{{refn|group=Note|name=islandusage|Use of the term '''Cijin Island''' in various contexts:<ref name="cycling"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnuhwZLhxcE|date=14 June 2018|access-date=1 October 2020|publisher=[[Formosa Television]]|quote=Visitors to Kaohsiung can now enjoy an environmentally friendly ferry that connects Warehouse Number Two and Cijin Island.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001110801/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnuhwZLhxcE|archive-date=1 October 2020|url-status=live|via=[[YouTube]], [[Internet Archive]]|time=0:05|title=New Cijin Ferry connects three Kaohsiung tourist destinations}}</ref><ref name="amcham">{{cite web|url=https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2020/07/laid-back-kaohsiung/|title=Sun and Southern Hospitality in Laid-back Kaohsiung|date=16 July 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=[[American Chamber of Commerce in Taipei]]|author=Louise Watt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718220557/https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2020/07/laid-back-kaohsiung/|archive-date=18 July 2020|url-status=live|quote=Close by is the Gushan Ferry Pier ({{lang|zh-tw|鼓山輪渡站}}), where you can take a short ride to Cijin Island ({{lang|zh-tw|旗津島}}), a small and narrow island that is worth a day or half-day trip.<br />...<br />Longevity Mountain (Shoushan) ({{lang|zh-tw|壽山}}) has various hiking trails, temples, and a zoo. For one of the best views, ask a taxi driver to take you up to the Martyrs Shrine ({{lang|zh-tw|忠烈祠}}), and then walk down the steps in front to look out across the harbor toward Cijin Island and the sea.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-travel-postcard-idUSTON68543220080627|title=Travel Postcard: 48 hours in Kaohsiung, Taiwan|date=26 June 2008|access-date=21 October 2020|website=[[Reuters]]|quote=Cijin island is a five-minute ferry ride from the navy base.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021160648/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-travel-postcard-idUSTON68543220080627|archive-date=21 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> }}`{=mediawiki} (*旗津島*) and islands in the South China Sea. It is the second smallest district in Kaohsiung City after Yancheng District, with an area of 1.4639 square kilometers, or 0.5652 square miles. It has a population of 26,282 as of October 2023, making it the 26th most populated district in Kaohsiung, with a population density of 18,414 people per square kilometer, or 47,692 people per square mile.
## History
Cijin forms the original core of the Kaohsiung, which was established by the fisherman Hsu Ah-hua (`{{zh|labels=no|t=徐阿華}}`{=mediawiki}) in the mid-17th century. He realized the attractiveness of the location when he was forced to seek shelter from a typhoon in the Taiwan Strait and returned with settlers from the Hung, Wang, Tsai, Lee, Pai, and Pan families and an idol of the Chinese sea goddess Ma-tsu. This was housed in a bamboo and thatch structure that formed the first Cijin Tianhou Temple. The town grew up around the temple grounds.
HMS *Reynard* was wrecked near Pratas Island on May 31, 1851.
Cijin Island was once connected to the mainland at the southern tip, but in 1967, this link was severed to create a second entry point to the Port of Kaohsiung. Currently Cijin Island is connect to the mainland via tunnel, thus the island is not valid for Offshore Islands Development Act.
## Geography
Cijin Island is 8.5 km long with an average width of 400 m.
Two islands and one reef in the South China Sea are administered by Kaohsiung City as part of the districts Zhongxing Village:
- Pratas Island on Dongsha Atoll
- Taiping Island
- Zhongzhou Reef
## Administrative divisions {#administrative_divisions}
The district consists of Cisia (Qixia), Yongan, Jhensing (Zhenxing), Ciai, Fuxing, Zhonghua, Shijian, Beishan, Nanshan, Shangzhu, Zhongzhou, Anshun and Jhongsing (Zhongxing) Villages.
Cijin District administrative divisions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`{{Image label small|x=-40.0|y=-21.0|scale=-1|text=a}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-49.0|y=-32.0|scale=-1|text=b}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-60.0|y=-29.0|scale=-1|text=c}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-67.0|y=-40.0|scale=-1|text=d}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-67.0|y=-57.0|scale=-1|text=e}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-82.0|y=-72.0|scale=-1|text=g}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-88.0|y=-59.0|scale=-1|text=f}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-65.0|y=-90.0|scale=-1|text=Beishan}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-82.0|y=-125.0|scale=-1|text=Nanshan}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-105.0|y=-165.0|scale=-1|text=Shangzhu}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-181.0|y=-180.0|scale=-1|text=←– h}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-193.0|y=-193.0|scale=-1|text=←– i}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-200.0|y=-235.0|scale=-1|text=Jhongsing}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-120.0|scale=-1|text=a: Cisia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-140.0|scale=-1|text=b: Yongan}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-160.0|scale=-1|text=c: Jhensing}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-180.0|scale=-1|text=d: Ciai}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-200.0|scale=-1|text=e: Zhonghua}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-220.0|scale=-1|text=f: Jianshan}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-240.0|scale=-1|text=g: Fuxing}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-260.0|scale=-1|text=h: Zhongzhou}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Image label small|x=-10.0|y=-280.0|scale=-1|text=i: Anshun}}`{=mediawiki}
## Government
The councilor for Cijin District in the Kaohsiung City Council is Lee Chiao-ju.
| 580 |
Cijin District
| 0 |
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# Cijin District
## Economy
Most of its residents are employed by the shipping industry. There is a park on the north western shore.
## Education
### Universities
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
### Junior high schools {#junior_high_schools}
- Kaohsiung Municipal Cijin Junior High School
### Elementary schools {#elementary_schools}
- Kaohsiung Municipal Cijin Elementary School
- Kaohsiung Municipal Dashan Elementary School
- Kaohsiung Municipal Zhongzhou Elementary School
## Tourist attractions {#tourist_attractions}
There are numerous tourist attractions in Cijin District.
### Cijin Island proper {#cijin_island_proper}
- Cijin Old Street
- Cihou Market
```{=html}
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- Cijin Tianhou Temple
- Cijin Lingshui Temple
- Cihou Fort
- Cijin Tunnel
- Mount Cihou
- Cijin Shell Museum
- Cijin Wind Turbine Park
- Cijin Beach
- Kaohsiung Lighthouse
- Rainbow Church
- War and Peace Memorial Park and Theme Hall
- YM Museum of Marine Exploration Kaohsiung
### Outer Islands {#outer_islands}
- Dongsha Atoll National Park
- Taiping Cultural Park
## Transportation
### Cijin Island proper {#cijin_island_proper_1}
`{{See also|Cijin–Gushan ferry}}`{=mediawiki} The \"Cross Harbor Tunnel\" (`{{zh|過港隧道}}`{=mediawiki}) connects Cijin Island at the southern`{{clarify|date=December 2015}}`{=mediawiki} tip of the island to the rest of Kaohsiung on mainland Taiwan. Cijin District is also accessible by two ferry piers, the Cijin Ferry Pier at the northern tip of the island and the Zhongzhou Ferry Pier at the middle of the island.
### Outer Islands {#outer_islands_1}
Dongsha Airport and Taiping Island Airport
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# Guido Monzino
Count **Guido Monzino** (2 March 1928 -- 11 October 1988) was a twentieth-century Italian mountain climber and explorer. In 1973, he led the first Italian expedition to climb Mount Everest.
## Biography
Monzino was born on 2 March 1928 in Milan. His father was Franco Monzino (1891--1953), who founded the Italian supermarket chain Standa. His younger brother was the art collector Carlo Monzino (1931--1996). In his early twenties, he climbed the Matterhorn. Subsequently, he made a total of 21 expeditions to places including Patagonia, Equatorial Africa, Greenland, the North Pole and the Himalaya, and sometimes following in the footsteps of the famous explorer and mountaineer Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (1873--1933).
Monzino died on 11 October 1988 due to lung cancer. He was interred at the Villa del Balbianello on the banks of Lake Como, which he bought in 1974 from the heirs of Butler Ames. Monzino willed Villa del Balbianello to the Fondo per l\'Ambiente Italiano.
The villa today contains a museum devoted to Monzino, which includes artifacts acquired on his expeditions including Inuit sculpture, as well as memorabilia including one of the dog sleds from his 1971 expedition to the North Pole, and Monzino\'s extensive collections of maps and books
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# SF Line
**SF Line** was the name of the Finnish shipping company now known as Viking Line. The company, originally named Rederi Ab Ålandsfärjan, was one of three shipping companies that formed shipping marketing company Viking Line in 1966, the other two being Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen and Rederi AB Slite. After the other companies left Viking Line in 1988 and 1993 respectively, SF Line stood as the sole owner of Viking Line. As a result, SF Line changed its name to Viking Line in 1995.
## History
Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen (later Rederi Ab Solstad and merged into Rederi Ab Sally in 1970) was founded in 1959 and started ferry operations between Gräddö (Sweden) and Korppoo (Finland). The ship used was a ro-ro vessel *Viking*, which the company acquired in 1959 from a previous owner. The ship was originally known as *Dinard* before being renamed to *Viking*. After a disagreement between the founders, a group of men led by Gunnar Eklund left Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen and started a new company, Rederi Ab Ålandsfärjan. The new company purchased the steamer Brittany, renamed her *Ålandsfärjan* and started operations between Kapellskär (Sweden) and Mariehamn (Åland) in direct competition with Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen.
In 1966, Rederi Ab Ålandsfärjan, Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen and Rederi AB Slite joined forces and founded the marketing company Viking Line in order to compete with Silja Line. During the following years, the three companies ordered many newbuildings and Viking Line became a dominant operator in baltic ferry operations.
In 1970, Rederi Ab Ålandsfärjan changed its name to SF Line, \'S\' referring to Sverige (Sweden) and \'F\' to Finland. Their first newbuilding was the MS *Kapella*, delivered in 1967. As a tribute to Gunnar Eklund\'s wife Ellen, the names of all subsequent new ships of SF Line ends with \'-ella\'.
When Rederi Ab Sally in 1987 was acquired by Silja Line\'s owning company EffJohn, SF Line and Rederi AB Slite forced Sally to leave Viking Line. After the bankruptcy of Rederi AB Slite in 1993, SF Line was the only remaining company in Viking Line. SF Line then changed its name to Viking Line.
## Ships
- 1963 SS *Ålandsfärjan* (sold for scrap in 1972)
- 1967 MS *Kapella* (sold in 1979, scrapped in 2006)
- 1970 MS *Marella* (sold in 1980, scrapped in 2004)
- 1973 MS *Aurella* (sold in 1982, scrapped in 2024)
- 1979 MS *Turella* (sold in 1988, currently MS *Kongshavn* for Kystlink)
- 1980 MS *Rosella*
- 1985 MS *Mariella*
- 1987 MS *Ålandsfärjan* (sold in 2008 to G.A
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# Super Bunny
***Super Bunny*** is a platform game written by Vic Leone for the Apple II and published by Datamost in 1983. Ports to the Atari 8-bit computers and Commodore 64 followed in 1984.
## Gameplay
The player starts as a defenseless rabbit, hopping from the left side of the screen to the right on scrolling platforms. The goal is to avoid the creatures that appear on the platforms and reach the carrot at the right side of the screen. Landing on (\"eating\") the carrot turns the rabbit into Super Bunny, at which point he must return to the starting position, dispatching creatures and earning points.
The game has a different saying and song for each level (e.g., \"crunch those critters\" and the song \"Here Comes Peter Cottontail!\"). Super Bunny is credited in the game\'s splash screen as Reginald Rabbit
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# Hyde Road railway station
**Hyde Road** was a railway station in Gorton, Manchester, England, on the Fallowfield Loop Line. It opened in 1892 and closed in 1958, when local passenger services on the line were withdrawn. The station was sometimes advertised as **Hyde Road for Belle Vue**, given its close proximity to Belle Vue Zoo which was about one mile away. The line was closed completely in 1988 and the track was taken up. The station has long since been demolished and the site was partly redeveloped. The former trackbed is now a popular shared use path called the Fallowfield Loop.
The station was named after Hyde Road, which begins at the east end of Ardwick Green South in Ardwick and runs east towards Hyde. At the boundary between Gorton and Denton, it continues as Manchester Road.
## History
The initial section of the Fallowfield Loop line was opened by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (Cheshire Lines Committee) between `{{stnlnk|Chorlton-cum-Hardy}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{stnlnk|Fallowfield}}`{=mediawiki} on 1 October 1891. The following year, the remaining section between Fallowfield and Fairfield, including Hyde Road station, opened on 2 May 1892. The line provided a new route for the MS&LR to run trains from `{{stnlnk|Sheffield}}`{=mediawiki} into Manchester; local stopping services ran from Fairfield and `{{stnlnk|Gorton}}`{=mediawiki} to Manchester Central via Hyde Road, Fallowfield and `{{stnlnk|Chorlton-cum-Hardy}}`{=mediawiki} before joining a section of line from `{{stnlnk|Old Trafford}}`{=mediawiki} to Manchester Central.
Hyde Road station comprised a set of brick buildings on an embankment on the north side of Hyde Road. The northbound platforms were mostly wooden structures. The Great Central Railway built two bay platforms at Hyde Road to accommodate excursion trains to Belle Vue Zoo, which were in use until at least 1914 but were eventually taken out of use. The station had a large goods yard on its east side, consisting of four sidings and a five-ton crane, controlled by a signalbox on the northbound platform, and a second box controlling the north junction to Gorton. These were later replaced by a single new box on the west side of the line.
In 1897, the MSLR became the Great Central Railway and, in 1923, the line was absorbed into the LNER. Over this period, the Fallowfield Loop line suffered from competition from faster rail services into Manchester provided by the LNER, from `{{stnlnk|Belle Vue}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{stnlnk|Gorton and Openshaw}}`{=mediawiki}, and later further competition arrived in the form of the Manchester Corporation Tramways. By the 1930s, the LNER had greatly reduced the stopping services and mostly used the line for express trains.
After 1948, the line was under the ownership of the nationalised British Railways. Briefly, consideration was given to electrification of the line; however, the local stopping services were withdrawn instead and Hyde Road station closed to passenger services on 7 July 1958. Hyde Road goods yard remained in active use as a depot for local coal merchants. Express passenger services out of Manchester Central continued to use the line, until that terminus was closed in 1969 during the implementation of the Beeching cuts. For another two decades, the line was used by freight trains until the line closed completely in 1988.
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# Hyde Road railway station
## History
### Project Light Rail {#project_light_rail}
Shortly before its demise, in 1987, the Fallowfield Loop line played an important role in the early development of the Manchester Metrolink system, when the stretch of track at Debdale Park on the site of the former Hyde Road railway station was used for a public demonstration of *Project Light Rail*. This was the working title for the development of a new light rail tram network in Manchester. The event made use of a Docklands Light Railway train, DLR P86 no. 11, on loan from GEC Transportation Projects, prior to its introduction onto the fledgling Docklands system in London; it was the first ever light rail vehicle seen in operation in Manchester. The event was staged jointly by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive, British Rail, British Rail Engineering Limited, GEC, Balfour Beatty and Fairclough Civil Engineering; it was opened formally by David Mitchell MP, Minister of State for Transport, on 10 March 1987.
Demonstrations were held on 14, 15, 20, 21 and 22 March 1987 at a specially-constructed railway station at Debdale Park. Ticket holders were treated to a short ride on the DLR vehicle along a 1 mi stretch of track, from just north of the Hyde Road junction to just south of the closed Reddish Electric Depot. The DLR train was specially fitted with a pantograph and powered by overhead line; it was driven manually rather than in automatic mode, which was to be normal practice when in operation on the Docklands system. The test track was closed to normal heavy rail traffic on demonstration days and, at night, the DLR train was stationed in a siding and the line was re-opened to freight trains. An exhibition also exhibited examples of street track, overhead line and platform facilities.
After the public event, Debdale Park station was dismantled and the timber platform was used to build the new Hag Fold railway station near Wigan; the electric overhead line equipment was taken down and re-used at the Heaton Park Tramway on the lakeside extension. The demonstration train DLR no. 11 was transported to London, where it was put into operation on the Docklands Light Railway. It served as the Royal Train, transporting the Queen and Prince Philip on the formal opening of the DLR. In 1991, DLR no. 11 was the first of the P86 fleet to be sold to the City of Essen, Germany, where it is in service today on the EVAG Stadtbahn.
## Fallowfield Loop path {#fallowfield_loop_path}
Following closure in 1988, the Fallowfield Loop railway line tracks were lifted; the route became derelict and overgrown for several years. Around 2001, a new use was found for the line and the old trackbed was converted into a public shared use path. Today, the Fallowfield Loop path is operated by Sustrans; it runs from Fairfield to Chorlton and forms part of Routes 6 and 60 of the National Cycle Network
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# Sarah Schenirer
**Sarah Schenirer** (*Sara Szenirer*; *שרה שנירר*; July 15, 1883 - March 1, 1935 (yartzeit 26 Adar I 5695) was a Polish-Jewish schoolteacher who became a pioneer of Jewish education for girls.
Schenirer is best known for beginning a change in the way women were perceived in Orthodox Judaism. In 1917, she founded an afternoon school in her apartment that was later used as a model by the Agudath Yisrael in its Bais Yaakov (lit., \"House of Jacob\") school network in Poland, with worldwide lasting effect.
## Early life {#early_life}
Sarah Schenirer was born to Bezalel Schenirer (of Tarnów) and Reizel in Kraków, Poland. Her parents were both scions of influential rabbinic families. Her father provided her with religious texts that he had translated into Yiddish. In her memoirs, she describes herself as the unassuming and withdrawn daughter of Belzer Hasidic parents. She was intelligent and had a strong desire to learn, and was envious of her brothers\' opportunity to learn and interpret the Torah.
Schenirer would write later in life:
Her friends in her Polish school called her \"the female Hasid\". She attended elementary school for seven years. She then became a seamstress.
## Vienna
During World War I, Schenirer and her family fled from Poland to Vienna. While there, she became influenced by Rabbi Moshe Flesch, a disciple of Samson Raphael Hirsch, and Modern Orthodox Judaism. His sermons had emphasized the role of women throughout Jewish history, which inspired Schenirer. Later on, Flesch accepted Schenirer\'s invitation to \"please visit our school.\"
After her first marriage ended in divorce, Schenirer occasionally attended plays, and public lectures for the women; at one Friday night meeting of the Zionist Ruth Organization, she was pained to observe them lighting candles on Shabbat (Saturday), in violation of *halakha* (Jewish law).
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# Sarah Schenirer
## Bais Yaakov schools {#bais_yaakov_schools}
Although Samson Raphael Hirsch\'s 1853-established *Realschule* provided girls with \"rigorous elementary and secondary school education,\" and \"thousands of girls in Russia attended female-only *cheders* in the 1890s,\", there existed no formal curriculum, tradition or template for educating Orthodox girls.
Schenirer returned to Kraków in 1917, where the inspiration she received in Vienna led her to seek to establish a school for girls. She initially approached her brother, who suggested that the idea was controversial. However, he agreed to take her to see the Belzer Rebbe in Marienbad, who gave her his blessing in two words: \"Mazel uBrocha.\" In Schenirer\'s own description of the meeting, she stated that she wanted to \"lead Jewish girls in the path of Judaism\", without specifying that she planned to open a school and teach Torah; and he in fact refused to encourage the girls of his Hasidim to go to Bais Yaakov. According to the diary of a seminary student, Bracha Levin, Schenirer did tell the Belzer rebbe of her intentions of teaching young girls, to which he gave his approval, provided that she did not teach Hebrew. This was an assurance she could give, since she did not speak that language. And later on, she consulted with him on a *halakhic* matter concerning her school.
Schenirer opened a kindergarten for twenty-five children in her seamstress studio, where she emphasized love of Torah and mitzvos. Schenirer had begun to set up lectures and a library for Jewish women but she abandoned that plan. She was admired for her sensitivity and care for others.
After work, Schenirer stayed up late to study the weekly Torah portion and Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) in Yiddish translation:
The lessons at her schools consisted of explaining in simple terms to the students the meaning of the Chumash (Pentateuch), and some other sections of Tanakh. She instilled pride of being Orthodox in the students through song, plays, and dancing. Schenirer encountered no resistance from Orthodox leadership in setting up her school; on the contrary, her Kraków school was aided almost from the beginning by the local Agudat Yisrael, and by other local branches of the Agudah, until it was incorporated into the Keren ha-Torah of the World Agudat Yisrael. Within 5 years, the Agudah copied Schenirer\'s model, growing into 7 schools, with 1,040 students. By 1933, there were 265 schools in Poland alone, with almost 38,000 students.
The main goal of the schools was to `{{Cquote | train Jewish daughters so that they will serve the Lord with all their might and with all their hearts; so that they will fulfill the commandments of the Torah with sincere enthusiasm, and will know that they are the children of a people whose existence does not depend upon a territory of its own, as do other nations of the world whose existence is predicated upon a territory and similar racial background.<ref name="yadvashem">{{cite web|url=http://www1.yadvashem.org/download/education/conf/Kranzler.pdf |title= Beth Jacob chronology |publisher=www1.yadvashem.org|accessdate=2015-08-27}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
In 1933, Schenirer retired from her role within the institution, but remained very much involved until her death in 1935.
### Teacher\'s Seminary {#teachers_seminary}
In 1923, Leo Deutschlaender, together with Sarah Schenirer, set up a teachers\' seminary, to train staff for the rapidly expanding network of schools. Deutschlaender, a neo-Orthodox pedagogue from Germany, and the head of the educational fund of the Agudat Yisrael (Keren ha-Torah), saw the need for professionally trained teachers.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Sarah Schenirer was raised in a Belzer Hasidic family. She married young, but was divorced from her first husband. Schenirer married again later in life. Although she remained childless, her students would speak of themselves as being her children. They are considered the legacy of Frau Schenirer.
A review of *Sara Schenirer and the Bais Yaakov Movement* claims that Schenirer was \"a prolific writer: her essays, plays, memoir and textbook on Judaism played a major role in establishing *Bais Yaakov*\'s culture at the outset,\" though there is no evidence that any of her works were adopted in the curriculum. On Friday, March 1, 1935 (26th of Adar I, 5695), Schenirer died from cancer, at the age of fifty-one.
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# Sarah Schenirer
## Legacy
By 1939, there were about 250 schools established, and over 40,000 students in Bais Yaakov schools. One of her students was Rebbetzin Vichna Kaplan, founder of the first Bais Yaakov high school and teachers\' seminary in America.
In her will, Schenirer wrote: \"My dear girls, you are going out into the great world. Your task is to plant the holy seed in the souls of pure children. In a sense, the destiny of Israel of old is in your hands.\" The admiration was mutual, and the girls within the movement called her \"Sarah Imeinu\", which translates to \"Our Mother Sarah\", an honorific evoking the Biblical matriarch Sarah. She had no children of her own; the girls of the movement filled that void for her.
On the 70th anniversary of Schenirer\'s death in 2005, an \"archival repository\" was installed in Jerusalem in her honor. In the same year, some of her women supporters set out on a mission to restore her tombstone. Her original tombstone was destroyed when the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp was built. Her tombstone was restored in 2005. Upon the restoration, the director of the Central Bais Yaakov gave a eulogy for Schenirer, and closed it by saying, \"Frau Schenirer, we are not merely placing a memorial on your grave site. We are placing it upon our hearts: for us, and for all the generations who will come after us.\"
Today, there are many Bais Yaakov schools that carry Schenirer\'s name, including elementary and high schools, and a college institute in New York that caters to religious Jewish women and girls, allowing them to complete their under-graduate and graduate studies in a religious environment.
The influential twentieth-century Hebrew-language educator and publisher Zevi Scharfstein profiled Schenirer in his 1964 work *Great Hebrew Educators* (גדולי חינון בעמנו, Rubin Mass Publishers, Jerusalem, 1964)
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# Skin (1995 film)
***Skin*** is an 11-minute short film directed by Vincent O\'Connell and starring Ewen Bremner and Marcia Rose. Produced by Tapson/Steel Films for British Screen and Channel 4 Films (now Film4 Productions), it was filmed in September 1995. The screenplay was written in the summer of that year by British playwright Sarah Kane.
It was first screened at the London Film Festival in October 1995, and was later given its television debut on Channel 4 at 11.35pm on 17 June 1997. An original airtime of 9.40pm was pushed back after television executives became worried about the depiction of violence and racism in the film, Vincent O\'Connell was nominated for a Golden Bear award in the category \"Best Short Film\" for the film at the 1996 Berlin International Film Festival.
The film\'s screenplay was only Kane\'s second work, written after her 1995 debut *Blasted* but before 1996\'s *Phaedra\'s Love*. The screenplay appears in the complete collection of Sarah Kane\'s work, *Sarah Kane: Complete Plays*, published in 2001 by Methuen.
Bremner and Rose, who had never met prior to making the film, became romantically involved during its shooting, and subsequently had a child together.
## Plot
Billy, a young skinhead, joins in a racist attack on a Black wedding party in Brixton, London, but then finds himself drawn to Marcia, a Black woman whose flat is visible from his window. He visits Marcia and the couple have sex. From this point, the power dynamic between the two begins to reverse: in separate scenes, she slaps his face repeatedly as he is tied to the bed, feeds him dog food, and scrubs off his tattoos with bleach, including one of the Union Flag. Finally, Marcia carves her name on Billy\'s back. Despite his pleas, she rejects him, finding solace with Kath, her flatmate, while Billy unsuccessfully attempts to overdose on drugs and is saved by Neville, a black man living in the same apartment building as him
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# Wraith (Image Comics)
**Spencer Bridges** is a comic book superhero, and member of the superhero team Dynamo 5, which appears in the series of the same name from Image Comics. Created by writer Jay Faerber and artist Mahmud A. Asrar, he first appeared in *Dynamo 5* #1 (January 2007). He is a half human, half extraterrestrial hybrid, the child of an alien woman and the Earth superhero, Captain Dynamo, from whom he inherited superhuman abilities.
For the first 24 issues of the series, the character possesses shapeshifting abilities and uses the codename **Myriad**, though for a brief time he masquerades as a female masked vigilante called **Vigil**, who exhibits superhuman strength, speed, and endurance, and expertise in martial arts and acrobatics. It is later revealed that for some time, he had been taking an illegal drug called Flex, that granted him his elevated strength, speed, and endurance, powers that remained permanently bonded to his half-alien physiology after he ceased taking the drug. In issue #25 of the series (October 2009), the character, whose shapeshifting powers had been erased in the previous issue, obtained different powers, in addition to his superhuman strength, speed, and endurance. Now possessing telepathy, he adopted the codename **Wraith**.
With regard to his reasons for making the identity Vigil a female, Bridges has indicated that he is not gay, though not entirely heterosexual either, and that he chose to make the Vigil identity female as an experiment, as his former shapeshifting abilities presented \"opportunities\".
## Publication history {#publication_history}
Captain Dynamo, a superhero who first appeared in *Noble Causes: Extended Family* #2 (June 2004) was depicted as a womanizing philanderer, and in *Dynamo 5* #1 (January 2007), following Captain Dynamo\'s assassination, his widow, Maddie Warner, a former government agent posing as now-retired investigative reporter, discovers from his personal effects that he had been unfaithful to her countless times. Despite her devastation at this discovery, Warner realizes that without a full-time protector, Tower City will be vulnerable to Captain Dynamo's legion of supervillain enemies. She uses her skills to track down five people who could be Dynamo's illegitimate children.
Spencer Bridges is the third person Warner contacts to be on the team. He agrees to join the team only because Maddie is paying him. Gathering all five of the children together, Warner exposes them to the same unidentified radiation that gave Captain Dynamo his powers forty years earlier, unlocking their powers. Spencer, who manifests his father\'s shapeshifting ability, takes on the codename **Myriad**, and works to protect Tower City with his newly discovered brothers and sisters.
After fighting crime alongside his siblings for less than a year, Spencer, in losing consciousness after swimming from the team\'s flooded underwater headquarters to the surface, is rendered unconscious, and is revealed to have a bizarre, alien-like appearance. Confronted by his siblings, he reveals that one of the women with whom Captain Dynamo had an affair was an alien whom Dynamo met in deep space when he came to the aid of her crippled starship. After aiding in its repairs, he journeyed with her crew to her home planet, where he and the woman had an affair that resulted in her pregnancy. Because of the cultural taboo of raising a \"half-breed\" on her world, she journeyed to Earth after Spencer was born to leave him in Dynamo\'s custody. Dynamo, however, had no interest in raising Spencer or threatening his marriage, so he left Spencer in the custody of a F.L.A.G. (**F**oundation for **L**aw **a**nd **G**overnment) research facility, telling them not that Spencer was his son, but that he found the infant at an alien crash site. Spencer\'s home for the next few years was the research compound, where scientists subjected him to extensive study and experimentation, including exposing him to the same radiation that gave Captain Dynamo his superhuman abilities, not knowing what effect it would have on the child. This exposure activated Spencer\'s shapeshifting ability, long before he met Maddie Warner. He learned how to use this power to disguise his alien appearance, and to mimic the appearance of people around him, but one of the scientists in particular, an African-American woman named Dr. Bridges, took a liking to Spencer, and the two formed a rapport. The other scientists were not amenable to their bond, and separated the two. Unable to convince Captain Dynamo to remove Spencer from the facility, Bridges had Spencer use his shapeshifting ability to smuggle him out of the compound. Knowing that she would be discovered by F.L.A.G. if she attempted to raise Spencer on her own, she placed Spencer, who maintained the appearance of a full human, in the care of child services, and never saw him again. Spencer spent his childhood in an orphanage, and was placed in a succession of less-than-ideal foster homes, and struck out on his own at the age of thirteen. Spencer speculated that Warner found him through a notation in Dynamo\'s black books about Dr. Bridges. At some point Spencer took on Dr. Bridges\' last name, though when he did so is unknown. The origin of his first name, and the point in his life at which he adopted it has also not been specified.
His siblings feel betrayed by his having kept his true nature a secret. Spencer sees this as hypocrisy, as all of his siblings have lied to their families about who their real father was, about their lives as superheroes, and allowed a murderer named Lionel Barstow to go free in order to free Neil Lewis, the father of Spencer\'s sister, Slingshot, who was being held hostage by Barstow\'s former employers. This argument does not convince Spencer\'s siblings, and as a result of both this revelation, Warner\'s condition, the flooding of the Aquarium, and the need to return to their civilian lives, the team seems to fall apart.
Despite this, Myriad decides to continue fighting crime in Tower City himself. He moves to a Tower City hotel, and uses his shapeshifting abilities to pose as a female masked vigilante named **Vigil**, relying on his natural speed, martial arts and acrobatic abilities to fight crime. When he encounters Scrap, the only other team member who decided to continue protecting Tower City, Scrap, not knowing that Vigil is her brother, decides to team up with Vigil, who poses as a native of Tower City. The two later recruit three other superheroes, Quake, and the mother-daughter team the Firebirds, into a new Dynamo 5 team. The new team suffers badly against Widowmaker, who assembles a team of supervillain mercenaries to attack them, and during this battle, Vigil is revealed to be Myriad. The team is joined by Slingshot, Scatterbrain, and Visionary, who manage to defeat their enemies. Although Quake and the elder Firebird are seriously injured, the Dynamo 5 siblings are reunited as a team.
In issues 22 and 23, it was revealed that in order compensate for the lack of offensive superhuman powers that lent themselves to combat situations that his siblings had, Spencer had been taking Flex, a street drug derived from the serum that turns humans into Whiptail, a monstrous, bipedal lizard. After he was discovered, he led his siblings and F.L.A.G. agent Augie Ford to his dealers, but agreed to stop taking the drug. He subsequently discovered, however, that his elevated strength, speed and endurance remained, which Doc Noble speculated occurred because it bonded to his extraterrestrial DNA.
In issues 24 and 25 of the series, the team was attacked by their other half-sibling, the supervillain Synergy, who used a weapon to erase the team\'s abilities and capture them. The team freed themselves, and used the weapon to restore their powers, but they manifested different abilities than the ones they previously had. Spencer found that he and his brother Gage, had switched their powers. Now possessing telepathy, Spencer took the new codename Wraith.
In *Dynamo 5: Sins of the Father* #3 (August 2010), Spencer learns, while battling another extraterrestrial who recognizes his race, that his people are called the Khandrians. During this encounter, the telepathic Spencer sees in his opponent\'s mind an image of a humanoid being held captive by Khandrians who were apparently experimenting on him. It is also during this battle that Dr. Bridges sees Spencer on television.
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# Wraith (Image Comics)
## Personality
Spencer Bridges is depicted as a promiscuous womanizer in his late teens who has never held a job for more than two weeks, though he never seems to be without financial means. *Dynamo 5* creator Jay Faerber indicated upon the series\' debut that his shapeshifting ability would tie into his lack of direction in life, saying, \"He inherited Cap\'s shape-shifting powers, and he can now become anyone he chooses. Maybe one day he\'ll figure out who he wants to be.\" Shortly after meeting his siblings, Spencer tells them that the people who took him and other children in did so only to receive a government check, and while he can remember all their faces, he cannot remember half their names, and feels that today he doesn\'t need a family. Unlike his brother Hector, who thinks of Captain Dynamo as \"Dad\", and has a poster of Dynamo over his bed, Spencer, having wondered all his life who his father was, is disappointed to learn it was Captain Dynamo, and thinks of the late superhero as \"an enormous hypocrite and a horrible husband\". Despite Spencer\'s dismissal about the need for family, he undergoes an eye-opening experience when Maddie Warner asks him to impersonate his brother Gage after Gage falls into a coma, in order to quell suspicion on the part of Gage\'s family, who are unaware of Gage\'s superhero life. The experience serves to illustrate to Spencer what having a stable family is like, something had never experienced. However, in getting carried away in this role, he initiates a romantic overture with a schoolmate of Gage\'s, and when Gage, who discovers he is capable of astral projection, witnesses the two in a romantic embrace, he sees this as an invasion of privacy, later coming to blows with Spencer. Spencer wonders if it is motivated by racism, as the girl in question was black. Spencer apologizes to Gage, but when he confessed how having a family for a small number of days made him feel, Gage, understanding of this, forgives him. Although he initially accepts Warner\'s offer to join the team because she pays him, he eventually decides to move to Tower City full-time and help protect it for more altruistic reasons.
After losing his shapeshifting abilities, Spencer is isolated by the fact that his extraterrestrial appearance limits his ability to socialize outside the team\'s headquarters.
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# Wraith (Image Comics)
## Powers and abilities {#powers_and_abilities}
Spencer Bridges is a half human, half extraterrestrial hybrid, the product of a human father and a Khandrian mother. Although he formerly used his shapeshifting ability to appear human, his true appearance is that of a Khandrian, the extraterrestrial race to which his mother belonged. As such, he has been depicted with gray skin, no hair, and a long face that includes a pronounced brow and a small, snout-like nose just under his eyes. The space between his nose and mouth is proportionately greater than that found in a human face. Artist Mahmud A. Asrar depicted him without a philtrum, though other artists such as Tim Seeley and Julio Brilha did not. He also has no apparent ears, at least none that resemble those of a human. His hands have a total of three digits, including an opposable thumb, though his other two non-pollical digits are much larger than those of a human\'s. All three of his digits have pointed claws.
From the premiere of the *Dynamo 5* series, Spencer exhibits shapeshifting powers with which he can alter the form of his body, his facial features, and even the clothes he wears, in order to disguise himself as anyone he chose. He sometimes practices his impersonations of certain people, and uses reference materials in order to perfect his disguises. Like his father, Spencer can alter the apparent size of his body, enabling him to disguise himself, for example, as an obese person, or a person with more developed musculature, as when he impersonates Captain Dynamo. How he is able to do this, in light of the law of conservation of mass, has not been explained. When engaged in superheroics, Myriad does not wear a mask or helmet like his siblings, but instead disguises himself by erasing all of his facial features. How he is able to see, breathe, hear, and speak without them was also not explained. Spencer\'s ability to maintain a disguise was dependent upon his concentration; being punched in the face while disguised, for example, would cause that disguise to falter, and being rendered unconscious would cause him to revert to his true, Khandrian appearance. His shapeshifting ability is erased in issue #24 of the series.
In issue #25 of the series, Spencer acquires the power of telepathy, a power that was formerly possessed by his brother, Gage Reinhart. His power is both voluntary and passive. While he can use his power to deliberately read someone\'s mind, he can also involuntarily pick up the thoughts of those around him, even when he does not wish it. Although he was not depicted utilizing all the applications of his telepathy that his brother Gage exhibited, it is otherwise observed that his powers function exactly as Gage\'s did.
As a result of taking a street drug called Flex, Spencer develops other powers unrelated to his father\'s, and which his siblings do not have: superhuman strength, speed and endurance. Though he ceases using the drug, he retains these powers permanently, it is speculated, because the substance remains permanently bonded to his half-alien physiology. The extent of these powers have not been explicitly given, but they enable him to break several lines of chain tied around him as a restraint, and leap dozens of feet into the air, and across rooftops. Combined with his knowledge of martial arts and acrobatics, Spencer is seen successfully battling opponents such as Anchor, Chain Reaction, and Blue Blaster single-handedly, and holds his own against Widowmaker, Optima, and a human wearing the strength-amplifying Strong-Suit
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# Rudra Baruah
**Luit Konwar Rudra Baruah** was one of the foremost music pioneers of Assam. He was an actor, composer, lyricist, singer, and musician. He served with the Government of Assam in the Public Relations Department (since renamed as the Directorate of Information and Public Relations) and established the Culture & Film Division in the 1970s.
He was conferred the title **Luit Konwar** in honour of his sterling work towards the development of music and cinema in Assam.
He was born in Bhimor village near Puranigudam in Nagaon district in 1926 and lived in Guwahati later on. He appeared in and directed music for several Assamese films and composed a lot of folk music in the local language. He died on 14 February 1980 leaving behind his wife and three sons
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10,010,982 |
# Moora Moora
**Moora Moora** is a co-operative residential community made up of a diverse group of about 50 adults and 20 children organised into six small hamlets located on a co-operatively owned 245 hectare (600 acre) property situated at an altitude of 700 metres (2400 ft) on Mount Toolebewong.
The community is situated near the township of Healesville (Victoria, Australia), approximately 67 km (90 minutes by car) east of the city of Melbourne. The co-operative hosts [visitor days](https://mooramoora.org.au/index.php/visitors-day/) for prospective members on the first Sunday of each month
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# Naval Network Warfare Command
The **Naval Network Warfare Command** (**NAVNETWARCOM**) is the United States Navy\'s information operations, intelligence, networks, and space unit. Naval Network Warfare Command\'s mission is to execute, under Commander TENTH Fleet Operational Control, tactical-level command and control of Navy Networks and to leverage Joint Space Capabilities for Navy and Joint Operations.
## History
In 2002, some 23 organizations from several commands, including the former Naval Space Command, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Command, Fleet Information Warfare Center, and Navy Component Task Force - Computer Network Defense were brought together to form Naval Network Warfare Command, emphasizing the organization\'s focus on the operation and defense of the Navy\'s networks.
In 2005, with the disestablishment of Naval Security Group (NAVSECGRU), NETWARCOM brought the former Naval Security Group Activities (NSGAs) under its umbrella, designating them Naval Information Operation Center(s) (NIOC) and Naval Information Operation Detachment(s) (NIOD). The mission of the command fundamentally changed, making it the Navy\'s lead for Information Operations, as well as Networks and Space.
The assumption, alignment, and integration of Fleet Intelligence Type Commander duties, responsibilities and functions at NETWARCOM in 2008 began a measured and evolutionary process to improve integrated Fleet Intelligence and ISR readiness. This alignment provides a single Fleet champion for ISR and positions Fleet Intelligence for better and timelier support to fleet operations.
In 2009, the Secretary of Defense directed the establishment of U.S. Cyber Command. Each of the services was also directed to establish a supporting command to U.S. Cyber Command; as a result, the Naval Information Operations Centers (NIOC) were moved to the reestablished Tenth Fleet to help form U.S. Fleet Cyber Command. Naval Network Warfare Command was reorganized and its mission revised to \"operate and defend the Navy\'s portion of the Global Information Grid and deliver reliable and secure Net-centric and space war-fighting capabilities in support of strategic, operational and tactical missions across the Navy\".
The headquarters is at Navy Cyber Forces in Norfolk, Virginia.
### Organization
Naval Network Warfare Command acts as Combined Task Force 1010 (network operations & defense) for Tenth Fleet
- CTF 1010 - Naval Network Warfare Command
- CTG 1010.3 - NCTAMS PAC
- CTG 1010
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10,011,007 |
# Kezuriki
A `{{nihongo||鰹節削り器; かつおぶしけずりき|'''katsuobushi kezuriki'''}}`{=mediawiki} is a traditional Japanese kitchen utensil, similar to a wood plane or mandoline. It is used to shave `{{transliteration|ja|[[katsuobushi]]}}`{=mediawiki}, dried blocks of skipjack tuna (`{{transliteration|ja|katsuo}}`{=mediawiki}).
The technique used to prepare the cooking ingredient is pulling and pushing a block of `{{transliteration|ja|katsuobushi}}`{=mediawiki} across the blade in the device in a back-and-forth movement. The resulting shavings are captured in a wooden drawer at the bottom of the instrument, and retrieved by opening and emptying the shavings that are roughly sorted into two sizes for different uses.
The shavings are a staple of Japanese cuisine. Larger, thicker shavings, called `{{nihongo||削り鰹; けずりかつお|kezurikatsuo}}`{=mediawiki}, are boiled with `{{transliteration|ja|[[kombu]]}}`{=mediawiki} to make `{{transliteration|ja|[[dashi]]}}`{=mediawiki}. Smaller, thinner shavings, called `{{nihongo||花鰹; はなかつお|hanakatsuo}}`{=mediawiki}, are used as a flavoring and as a topping for many Japanese dishes, such as `{{transliteration|ja|[[okonomiyaki]]}}`{=mediawiki}.
Today, many Japanese households no longer use the `{{transliteration|ja|katsuobushi kezuriki}}`{=mediawiki}, opting instead to buy packages of already-shaved `{{transliteration|ja|hanakatsuo}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{transliteration|ja|kezurikikatsuo}}`{=mediawiki} at supermarkets
| 155 |
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| 0 |
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# W.A. Chip & Pulp Co.
The **W.A. Chip & Pulp Company** was founded in 1969 to export woodchips from sustainable bluegum plantations after the Government of Western Australia granted a Bunnings led consortium rights to establish a woodchip project in Manjimup. In August 2000, the business was sold to Marubeni.
Before it was able to commence, environmental concerns had to be addressed, and considerable concern was raised by organisations that opposed the project. The Campaign to Save Native Forests, South West Forests Defence Foundation, and Conservation Council of Western Australia all published materials questioning the soundness of the project. As a consequence, within a few years of commencing operation, regular environmental reviews were carried out to monitor the effect of the operation.
The company has maintained production for three decades, and has utilised port facilities at Bunbury for the export of its product.
## Publication
- *Woodchip news* Perth \[W.A.\] : (unknown frequency) Dec. 1973, May 1974, Mar. 1975
| 160 |
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| 0 |
10,011,050 |
# EuroMed Rights
**EuroMed Rights**, formerly the **Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network** is a network of 68 human rights organisations, institutions and individuals based in 30 countries in Europe and the Mediterranean region. It was established in 1997 in response to the Barcelona Declaration, which led to the establishment of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership.
The members of EuroMed Rights admit to universal human rights principles and are convinced of the value of cooperation and dialogue across and within borders. EuroMed Rights promotes networking, cooperation and development of partnerships between human rights NGOs, activists and a wider civil society.
## Aims and achievements {#aims_and_achievements}
EuroMed Rights was created in relation to the existence of the inter-governmental Euromediterranean Partnership (EMP), and in particular, the Barcelona Process proposed by the EMP. EuroMed Rights\' role is primarily as an intermediary between governmental institutions and grassroots human rights organisations. It received most of its funding during its first years from governmental sources and is closely linked to the EuroMed Civil Forums that constitutes a relatively government-linked alternative to the grassroots Alternative Mediterranean Conference that was organised in 1995. As of 2008, EuroMed Rights had become well recognised both by European Union (EU) institutions and NGOs. Its activities range from communication among NGO members and activist campaigning through to lobbying of institutions.
EuroMed Rights describes itself as a regional forum for human rights NGOs and a pool of expertise on promotion, protection and strengthening of human rights. Its online library is an important collection of press releases, statements, open letters and reports about the Euro-Mediterranean region.
It states that it brings people together in inter-cultural settings to promote dialogue and understanding, with stress on the following subjects:
- lobbying **human rights mechanisms** within the European Union (EU) and the Euromediterranean Partnership, especially concerning the association agreements with the Mediterranean Partners and the European Neighbourhood Policy
- supporting **reform processes** in the Arab World by strengthening democratization processes originating from the civil society
- working towards transforming the non-European Mediterranean region into **states of law**, especially by backing movements for the enforcement of the freedoms of speech and assembly
- bringing **human rights values and principles** as well as women rights and the idea of public education to the public in order to achieve a broad popular participation in changing the living conditions where human rights are abused or denied
- sending of **delegations and observers**, and publishing urgent alerts in cases of deterioration of human rights and when members are in danger or imprisoned
- close and critical monitoring of the own **efforts of the EU**
- **information** on human rights violations in North Africa and the Middle East by publishing reports, policy papers and newsletters
- **research and training** by means of training seminars and workshops
## History
- **December 1997**: The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network was founded during a meeting at the Danish Centre for Human Rights (DHRC) in Copenhagen by a group of human rights activists from the North and the South of the Mediterranean. Founding people were then director of the DHRC, Morten Kjaerum, and Said Essoulami from Moroccan human rights organisation *CMF-MENA*. Further participants in the founding assembly (but no members of the EMHRN) were the Dutch Council for Refugees, the Egyptian Organisation for Human Rights, and the European Council on Refugees and Exiles.
- **1999**: The network co-organised the EuroMed Civil Forum in Stuttgart.
- **2000**: The EMHRN received a European Union funding contract. On its fourth General Assembly in Marseille, a new action plan was adopted, which saw the network multiplying its activities. In the following years, an office in Brussels was opened and preparations for offices in Rabat and Amman were taken. More staff in addition to the Executive Director were hired.
- **2006**: During the European Ministerial Conference in Istanbul a five-year plan for promotion of the role of the women in society was adopted, which included proposals carried out by the EMHRN.
- **2015**: The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) becomes EuroMed Rights
- **2017**: EuroMed Rights celebrated its [twentieth anniversary](https://euromedrights.org/publication/euromed-rights-20-years-anniversary/)
- **2018**: The 11th General Assembly of EuroMed Rights elects Wadih Al-Asmar, President of the Lebanese Center for Human Rights, as [its new president](https://euromedrights.org/publication/wadih-al-asmar-elected-new-president-of-euromed-rights/).
| 697 |
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# EuroMed Rights
## Structure
EuroMed Rights (formerly known as the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network) has the following members:
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Country | width=\"40%\", class=\"unsortable\"\|Organisation |
+=========================================================+================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+
| | [Coalition of families of the disappeared in Algeria (CFDA)](https://web.archive.org/web/20090430121125/http://www.algerie-disparus.org/cfda/index.php)\ |
| | [Algerian league for the defence of human rights (LADDH)](http://www.algerie-laddh.org/)\ |
| | [National autonomous union of public administration staff (SNAPAP)](http://www.world-psi.org/fr/syndicat-national-autonome-des-personnels-de-ladministration-publique-snapap) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | Bruno Kreisky Foundation for Human Rights |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Center for legal aid -- voice in Bulgaria](http://www.centerforlegalaid.com/index.html) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708134900/http://centerforlegalaid.com/index.html |date=2017-07-08 }}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Mediterranean Institute for Gender Studies](http://www.medinstgenderstudies.org/) at University of Nicosia\ |
| | [Action for equality, support, antiracism (KISA)](http://kisa.org.cy/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [People in Need](https://www.clovekvtisni.cz/en) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | Danish Institute for Human Rights\ |
| | [Dignity](https://dignityinstitute.org/)\ |
| | [The Danish center for research and information on gender, equality and diversity (KVINFO)](http://kvinfo.org/frontpage) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Andalus institute for tolerance and anti-violence studies (AITAS)](http://www.andalusitas.net/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Tampere Peace Research Institute](http://www.uta.fi/yky/en/research/tapri/index.html) at University of Tampere |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Tunisian federation for a two banks citizenship](http://www.ftcr.eu/)\ |
| | Human Rights League - LDH (France)\ |
| | [National federation solidarity with women (FNSF)](http://www.solidaritefemmes.org/)\ |
| | [Education League](http://www.laligue.org/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Greek Committee for International Democratic Solidarity](http://www.eedda.gr/en/index.html)\ |
| | [Greek council for refugees (GCR)](http://www.gcr.gr/index.php/en/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [80:20 Education and Acting for a Better World](http://www.8020.ie/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \ | [The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel (ADALAH)](https://web.archive.org/web/20061023231133/http://www.adalah.org/eng/index.php)\ |
| `{{flag|Occupied Palestinian Territories}}`{=mediawiki} | [Arab Association for Human Rights](https://web.archive.org/web/20090525173645/http://arabhra.org/HRA/Pages/Index.aspx)\ |
| | B\'Tselem\ |
| | Public Committee Against Torture in Israel\ |
| | Al Mezan Center for Human Rights\ |
| | Al-Haq\ |
| | Palestinian Center for Human Rights\ |
| | [Women's centre for legal aid and counseling (WCLAC)](http://wclac.org/english/index.php) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710162646/http://wclac.org/english/index.php |date=2017-07-10 }}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [ARCI Association](http://www.arci.it/)\ |
| | [Italian Refugee Council](https://web.archive.org/web/20090526232719/http://cir-onlus.org/index.htm) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Amman Center for Human Rights Studies](http://www.achrs.org/english/)\ |
| | [Sisterhood is Global Institute](https://web.archive.org/web/20090526002906/http://www.sigi.org/about.html)\ |
| | [ARDD -- legal aid organization](https://ardd-jo.org/)\ |
| | [Mizan law group for Human Rights](https://web.archive.org/web/20170708003544/http://www.mizangroup.jo/index_en.php) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Palestinian Human Rights Organization in Lebanon](http://www.palhumanrights.org/)\ |
| | [Institute for Human Rights (IHR) -- Beirut Bar Association](https://bba.org.lb/en)\ |
| | [Lebanese Center for Human Rights (CLDH)](http://www.rightsobserver.org/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies](http://www.um.edu.mt/medac) at University of Malta |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \ | [Democratic association of women from Morocco (ADFM)](https://web.archive.org/web/20090704061622/http://www.adfm.ma/index.php?lang=en)\ |
| `{{flag|Western Sahara}}`{=mediawiki} | [Moroccan Association of Human Rights](https://web.archive.org/web/20061004102925/http://www.amdh.org.ma/)\ |
| | [Espace Associatif](http://www.espace-associatif.ma/index2.html)\ |
| | [Moroccan Organisation of Human Rights](https://web.archive.org/web/20081205195902/http://www.omdh.org/def.asp?codelangue=23&po=2)\ |
| | [Adala](http://www.justicemaroc.org) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Portuguese human rights league -- civitas (LPDHC)](http://direitoshumanos.pt/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [CEAR -- Spanish commission for refugees](https://www.cear.es/)\ |
| | Institute of Human Rights of Catalonia (IDHC)\ |
| | [Federation of associations for the defence and the promotion of human rights (FADPHR)](http://www.federacionderechoshumanos.org/)\ |
| | [SUDS -- internacionalisme solidaritat feminismes](https://suds.cat/es/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Kvinna till Kvinna](https://web.archive.org/web/20090401052630/http://www.kvinnatillkvinna.se/english/index.html) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Committees for the Defense of Democracy Freedoms and Human Rights in Syria](http://www.cdf-sy.org/statement/statement2008/en.pdf)\ |
| | [Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies](http://www.dchrs.com/english/index.php)\ |
| | [Damascus Center for Theoretical and Civil Rights Studies](https://web.archive.org/web/20090429173558/http://www.dctcrs.org/index.dc.htm)\ |
| | [The Syrian organization for human rights (SWASIAH)](http://swasia-syria.org/)\ |
| | [Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM)](https://scm.bz/en/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Tunisian Association of the Democratic Women](https://web.archive.org/web/20160323034804/http://femmesdemocrates.org.tn/actualites-atfd/)\ |
| | Tunisian Human Rights League\ |
| | [Committee for the Respect of Freedom and Human Rights in Tunisia](http://www.crldht.org/)\ |
| | [Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights (FTDES)](http://ftdes.net/) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | Human Rights Association (Turkey)\ |
| | [Citizen Assembly](http://www.hyd.org.tr/?sid=17) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | [Bar Human Rights Committee of England and Wales (BHRCEW)](http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/)\ |
| | [Human Rights Centre](http://www2.essex.ac.uk/human_rights_centre/) at University of Essex\ |
| | [Solicitors international human rights group (SIHRG)](http://www.sihrg.org) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Regional Members | [European association for the defence of human rights (AEDH)](http://www.aedh.eu) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727213651/http://www.aedh.eu/ |date=2009-07-27 }}`{=mediawiki}\ |
| | [Arabic network for human rights information (ANHRI)](http://anhri.net/?lang=en)\ |
| | [Arab institute for human rights (AIHR)](http://www.aihr-iadh.org/index.php?lang=en)\ |
| | [Collectif 95 -- Maghreb Egalité](https://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100003794)\ |
| | [Cairo institute for human rights studies (CIHRS)](http://www.cihrs.org)\ |
| | `{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041014193345/http://www.amera-uk.org/ African and Middle East refugee assistance (AMERA)]}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Associate Members | Amnesty International (EU Office)\ |
| | International Federation of Human Rights\ |
| | Human Rights Watch\ |
| | World Organisation Against Torture\ |
| | [Women's international league for peace and freedom (WILPF)](http://wilpf.org/)\ |
| | [International bar association's human rights institute (IBAHRI)](http://www.ibanet.org/IBAHRI.aspx)\ |
| | Norwegian Helsinki Committee\ |
| | \[www.apt
| 770 |
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| 1 |
10,011,083 |
# Paul L. Kirk
**Paul Leland Kirk** (May 9, 1902 -- June 5, 1970) was a biochemist, criminalist and participant in the Manhattan Project who was specialized in microscopy. He also investigated the bedroom in which Sam Sheppard supposedly murdered his wife and provided the key blood spatter evidence that led to his acquittal in a retrial over 12 years after the murder. The highest honor one can receive in the criminalistics section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences carries Kirk\'s name.
## Education
Kirk received his bachelor\'s degree in chemistry from Ohio State University and got his master\'s degree in chemistry from the University of Pittsburgh. He went on to receive a Ph.D. in biochemistry from UC Berkeley.
## Career
In 1929 Kirk became professor of biochemistry at UC Berkeley. According to Kirk, he first became interested in forensic science in his early days as a teacher after a student asked if it could be determined if a dog had died of poisoning. Forensic science permanently piqued his interest when authorities asked him to do a microscopic examination of a rape victim\'s clothing. He found fibers from the attacker\'s shirt and this evidence resulted in a conviction. In 1937, Kirk became leader of UC Berkeley\'s criminology program. Due to his extensive experience in microscopy, Kirk was asked to join the Manhattan Project where he worked on the process to isolate fissionable plutonium from 1942 to 1945. When he returned to Berkeley, he created a major in technical criminology and when August Vollmer established the UC School of Criminology, Kirk was appointed to chair the criminalistics department.
Kirk was also an avid supporter of Locard\'s exchange principle. As a result of his detailed descriptions of the principle, Kirk\'s words have repeatedly been mistaken for those of Edmond Locard himself. Unlike others before him, Kirk understood the limits of the principle and argued for caution in the interpretation of exchange evidence.
Kirk is best known for his work in the Sam Sheppard case. On January 22, 1955 -- one month after Sheppard\'s conviction -- Kirk visited the scene of the crime after which he wrote an extensive report primarily based on bloodstain pattern analysis. A motion for a retrial had been denied in 1955, but this decision was overturned in 1964 and in 1966, the Supreme Court upheld the decision for a retrial. Later that same year, Kirk testified at the retrial, which led to Sheppard\'s acquittal. Kirk\'s testimony embarrassed Samuel Gerber, a senior member of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) who was working for the prosecution and believed in Sheppard\'s guilt. Kirk was denied AAFS membership, but he still left his mark on the organization. The highest honor awarded in the criminalistics section of the AAFS is the Paul L. Kirk Award.
Dr. Kirk\'s photographs, analysis, and testimony from the Sam Sheppard case can be seen at <http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/kirk_photos/index.2.html>
| 481 |
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| 0 |
10,011,099 |
# Supervision (character)
**Bridget Flynn** is a comic book superheroine, a member of the superhero team Dynamo 5, which appears in the monthly series of the same name from Image Comics. Created by writer Jay Faerber and artist Mahmud A. Asrar, the character first appeared in *Dynamo 5* #1 (January 2007).
For the first 24 issues of the series, the character possessed superhuman strength and invulnerability, and went by the codename **Scrap**. In issue #25 of the series (October 2009), the character, whose powers had been erased in the previous issue, obtained different powers. Now possessing laser, telescopic and x-ray vision, she goes by the codename **Supervision**.
## Publication history {#publication_history}
Captain Dynamo, a superhero who first appeared in *Noble Causes: Extended Family* #2 (June 2004) was depicted as a womanizing philanderer, and in *Dynamo 5* #1 (January 2007), it was revealed, after he was assassinated, that he had fathered a number of illegitimate children. His widow, former agent of the government superhuman-monitoring agency, F.L.A.G., posing as a now-retired investigative reporter Maddie Warner, gathered five of these children in order to form a team to protect Tower City in Captain Dynamo\'s absence. One of these was Cleveland native, NYU Film School graduate and aspiring screenwriter Bridget Flynn, the oldest of the five. Warner exposed Bridget and her four half-siblings to the same energy that gave Captain Dynamo his powers 40 years earlier, unlocking their latent powers. Bridget developed her father\'s superhuman strength and invulnerability, and took the codename **Scrap** as a member of Dynamo 5.
During the series\' first year of publication in 2007, Bridget and the other members of Dynamo 5 were shown confronting various threats to Tower City, while dealing with the personal conflicts that arose as a result of discovering four new half-siblings, as well as the effect that their new lives had on their personal lives at home. Bridget in particular dealt with the knowledge that the man who raised her along with her mother was not her biological father. In a 2008 storyline, when Warner was rendered into a coma, the team\'s underwater headquarters, the Aquarium, was flooded, and it was discovered that Bridget\'s teammate and half-brother, Spencer, was a half-extraterrestrial with an alien physiognomy who had manifested his shapeshifting ability years earlier, and not when the members of the team first met. These developments, along with the problems that their superhero lives inflicted on their personal lives, led to the dissolution of the team. However, Bridget decided to stay in Tower City to protect it, and recruited allies of the team to act as replacements. but her siblings eventually reunite with her as teammates. She subsequently decided to move from Los Angeles to Tower City full-time. Although Bridget and her other siblings came to regard sister Livvie as the team\'s de facto leader, the leadership that Bridget displayed during this period gave cause for Warner, after she emerged from her coma, to suggest that Bridget be the team\'s leader.
Bridget also guest-starred with Dynamo 5 in two issues of *Gemini*, another creator-owned Image Comics series by Jay Faerber, in 2008 and 2009.
In a 2009 storyline in issues 24 and 25 of the series, the team was attacked by their other half-sibling, the supervillain Synergy, who used a weapon to erase the team\'s abilities and capture them. The team freed themselves, and used the weapon to restore their powers, but they developed different abilities than the ones they had before. Bridget found that she and her brother Hector, who had vision-related powers, had switched their abilities. Bridget now had x-ray, telescopic, and laser vision, and took the new codename Supervision.
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# Supervision (character)
## Powers
Bridget Flynn has superhuman abilities related to her eyesight, which include laser, x-ray, and telescopic vision, which were formerly the powers possessed by her brother, Hector Chang. Her powers appear to function exactly as her brother\'s did. Her laser vision is used as an offensive weapon and can be used to neutralize human opponents and large objects. They also possess a concussive aspect that can batter targets and demolish walls. Her x-ray vision allows her to see through solid objects. Her brother also possessed telescopic vision, allowing him to see great distances, but Bridget has not yet been depicted displaying this ability. Bridget wears goggles that, like the helmet formerly worn by her brother, focuses her laser blasts, making them more concentrated. Despite the power she wields, she is reluctant to kill or cause life-threatening injury in battle.
In her former identity of Scrap, Bridget had superhuman strength and invulnerability, allowing her to lift tanks over her head, throw them the length of a city block, and destroy large powered armor suits by kicking them, without sustaining any injury. Her strength allowed her to leap across rooftops without enough force to cause damage to the target rooftop upon landing. Her invulnerability allowed her on one occasion to easily survive being pushed off a skyscraper by her half-sister Synergy (who also possesses their father\'s superhuman strength), smashed through the street below to a set of underground subway tracks, and further kicks to the abdomen by Synergy, without more than a moment\'s incapacitation. She could easily shrug off automatic weapons fire. On the other hand, electricity of a sufficient power level could temporarily stun her, and a direct punch from the supervillain Brawn was able to knock her into unconsciousness or semi-consciousness for several moments. After her first encounter with the villain Bonechill, she practiced holding her breath, until she could hold it for twenty minutes, though it has not been indicated whether this ability was afforded by her former strength and invulnerability
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# Bernard Pascual
**Bernard Pascual** (born 10 April 1967) is a retired French footballer. He played as a defender. He is currently an assistant manager with Le Havre AC.
## Career
Pascual began his career with AS Beauvais, before joining Le Havre AC in 1993. After five seasons with *Le HAC*, Pascual moved to Scottish side Dundee United, spending two years at Tannadice. Following his release in 2000, Pascual played in the 2001 Thailand beach soccer tournament with France, scoring alongside Eric Cantona\'s hat-trick
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# The High Fidelity
**The High Fidelity** were a British rock band, formed in 1995 by Sean Dickson, formerly of the Soup Dragons.
## History
Dickson started the group when *High Times* magazine asked him to record a track for a cannabis-themed covers compilation album, *Hempilation: Freedom Is NORML*. Their debut album, *Demonstration* (2000). The LP was recorded largely in Dickson\'s bedroom, with Adrian Barry (bass), Paul Dallaway (guitar) and Ross McFarlane (drums). The album was later augmented with a number of orchestral arrangements recorded in India. Musically, the record comprised experimental dance-pop songs, and was described by *The Guardian* as \"an expertly composed pastiche of psychedelic pop\". Their single \"Luv Dup\" reached #70 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1998. The band recorded a number of sessions for John Peel\'s BBC Radio 1 show, introducing the use of the omnichord, a vintage synthesiser, with which they performed a number of songs including a version of \"Silent Night\". Peel shared the band\'s enthusiasm for the instrument, and when they gave him an omnichord as a 60th birthday present it led to Peel co-writing and performing on one of the tracks on the band\'s second album, 2001\'s *The Omnichord Album*. He co-wrote the track \"Pig Might Fly\" about his wife with Sean Dickson for the album
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# Óscar Figueroa (film editor)
**Óscar Figueroa** (born June 26, 1958) is a Mexican film editor.
Figueroa has been working in the Cinema of Mexico and Latin cinema since 1986 and has edited some 55 films in his career as of 2007. He has won and been nominated for several Ariel Awards and edited the acclaimed Mexican film ***El crimen del Padre Amaro*** in 2002.
At the moment he is also Vocal of the Coordinating Committee of the Mexican Academy of Arts and Cinematographic Sciences, A.C.
## Filmography
- Erase una vez en Durango (En rodaje)
- Ana y Daniel (2008)
- Parking Lot (El Muro de al lado) (2008)
- Backyard (2008)
- Amor Letra por Letra (2008)
- Euforia (2008)
- 5 dìas sin Nora (2007)
- SPAM (Sr. Paniko) (2007)
- El Libro de Piedra (2007)
- Los Fabulosos 7 (2007)
- Kada kuien su karma (2007)
- Hasta el viento tiene miedo (2007)
- Cementerio de Papel (2007)
- Cañitas
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# Tricoloured munia
The **tricoloured munia** (***Lonchura malacca***) is an estrildid finch, native to Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and southern China. The species has also been introduced to the Caribbean, in Trinidad, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Venezuela. This species, like the chestnut munia has been known as the **black-headed munia**. Immature birds have pale brown upperparts, lack the dark head found in adults, and have uniform buff underparts that can be confused with immatures of other munias such as the scaly-breasted munia.
## Taxonomy
The tricolored munia was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of his *Systema Naturae* under the binomial name *Loxia malacca*. Linnaeus mistakenly specified the locality as China, Java and Malacca. This was corrected by E. C. Stuart Baker in 1926 as Belgaum in the state of Karnataka in southwest India. The specific epithet *malacca* is a geographical misnomer; the species does not occur on the Malay Peninsula. The tricolored munia is now placed in the genus *Lonchura* that was introduced by the English naturalist William Henry Sykes in 1832. This species was formerly treated as conspecific with the chestnut munia (*Lonchura atricapilla*). It is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
## Measurement
These birds are described as medium-sized, measuring 115 mm tall with wings that span 55-57 mm. Their culmen measure 12-13 mm, with males tending to have a more pronounced ridge, and their tarsus is 12-13 mm.
## General coloring {#general_coloring}
Irides in adults are brown and their bills are pale-bluish grey. The legs and feet are grey, as are the scales but those have a darker coloring. In juveniles, the irides are a darker brown and the bill, feet, and legs are described as horn-grey.
The adults are colored black from the head to the throat and breast, and from the belly to undertail coverts and thighs. Between the breast and belly and on its flanks, it's colored white. The upper part of the body is a warm chestnut. Flight feathers are dark brown and the underwing coverts are colored white to cream. The rump is reddish-maroon, as are the uppertail coverts in males; for females, the fringes of the uppertail coverts are paler. For both sexes, there is usually a gold edge on the coverts and on the central tail feathers.
Juveniles are described as "warm brown above, \[and\] buffish below" and gain adult coloring when they start feeding on their own.
## Courtship
Like many birds the Tricolored Munia has a unique mating ritual between males and females. Just as many birds, these birds court with song and dance, however, the courtship first starts with the male flying about with a length of grass in its beak. Then he will perch next to a female, drop the blade of grass, and begin its dance. The male will bob its head up and down and as it becomes more energetic the male will start jumping up the perch. His posture will consist of being upright, with his head down, mouth open and belly feathers standing up. This mating dance is followed up by a mating song which is very quiet to the human ear. If a female accepts the courtship she will lower herself to an almost horizontal position with both tail and head turned towards the male, consenting to coition.
## Breeding
Both females and males take part in building the nest. The nest is overall loosely-built and oval in shape with one entrance. Compared to other Munia species the nest is large even for the size of the female and male. Some of the grass blades and stems stick out of the entrance creating a sort of porch. Most nests are built away from human habitation on reeds and or grass swamps, about three feet over water.
The clutch usually consists of 4 to 5 eggs but in India it is usual for the clutches to consist of 7 eggs. The eggs are oval in shape and white in color and the average size of the eggs is 16.3 x 11.5mm. The incubation period for the eggs is about 12 to 13 days. Both males and females take part in incubation and take turns incubating and at night both birds are in the nest. The offspring are brooded for about 8 to 10 days and they develop feathers in about three weeks.
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# Tricoloured munia
## Habitat
The tricoloured munia is a small gregarious bird which feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It inhabits wet grassland habitats. It may also be found in tropical lowland moist forest habitats.
## Invasive history {#invasive_history}
The Tri-colored Munia has been introduced to parts of Europe, South America, North America, and Oceania accidentally or with purpose. In cases of the latter, it is due to its status as an ornamental species, though it is unknown when they were brought to those countries. But in the 1940s, they were imported to Venezuela because, according to Dr. Fernandez, birdkeepers wanted to breed them with local finches. The birdkeepers were interested in their song, but then the Munia were released into the wild when it was discovered that they could not sing.
While the Munia were being imported to Venezuela, the father of Dr. Fernandez, who goes by the same name, believed that they would become established and pests if they were continuously released by birdkeepers who did not want them. The survival rate of maturing Munias in Venezuela became close to those of the local bird species, allowing there to be a "population explosion" in the coming decade.
Initially, the Munias struggled to survive during the dry seasons in the reedbeds and marshes at the edges of Lago de Valencia, Venezuela due to drought conditions. The lake shrunk, acting as a water source for a city, and rice fields in the south could not provide much relief, being a seasonal crop. However, *Spiza americana*'s repeated migration to the rice field caused an irrigation system to be implemented and the field to be tended to outside its season. As Robin Restall had described, "\[the Tricolored Munia\] found a munia paradise - ideal food and ideal breeding conditions - all year round."
Tri-colored Munia has become a very prevalent and successful invasive species due to the environment being a suitable habitat. This species likes to inhabit warm environments that are both near pools of water and grain or rice fields. A study done by Raul E. Sedano-Cruz, a researcher affiliated with the Hospital Universitario del Valle, showed the birds' speciality in rice fields, as they failed to colonize the Centro Internacional de Agricultural (CIAT) because of the severe reduction in rice fields.
Axel Fuentes-Moreno, holding a bachelor of science in the Colegio de Postgraduados, believes that one of the major characteristics that has favored the tricolored munia to become highly invasive is its reproductive strategy. For example, tricolored munia for the most part have two clutches of eggs per year consisting of four to seven eggs. Meanwhile its competitors, like the semilleros from the American tropics, only have one clutch of eggs per year consisting of two to three eggs. Not only that but the tricolored munia also prefers to build these nests over vegetation that is surrounded by water, decreasing predation by snakes or mammals. As well, it was observed that post-fledgling Munias have a survival rate that is as high as the local bird species, in part to its behavior against tropic predators.
The Tri-colored Munia's invasive status has changed in some countries where it was introduced. In Robin Restall's 1997 book *Munias and Mannikins*, the Tricolored-Munia was described as a breeding resident in Hong Kong's Mai Po marshes, but it was observed that there seemed to be a decline in the population. Restall also mentioned Pratt et al.'s research in 1987, where the latter did not mention the Munia on Oahu, Hawaii even though it was established. Later, in a 2003 magazine article written by Restall, the Munia was said to be classified as exotic and feral in Venezuela, although they were also established and sold as pets under the advertisement of being "locally-caught". In general, its preference for grains has made it a pest for rice farmers. In Mexico, according to a 2011 article by Olguín-Hernández et al., it was listed as an exotic bird and the effects of exotic birds were described as transmitting disease and parasites, producing offspring with other birds, and competing for food and habitat in the area.
## Gallery
<File:Tricoloured> Munia AMSM1246
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# Elias Weber Bingeman Snider
**Elias Weber Bingeman Snider** (June 19, 1842 -- October 15, 1921) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Waterloo North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1881 to 1894.
He was born in Waterloo, Canada West in 1842, the son of a farmer and Mennonite minister, and, after leaving school at 12, worked on the family farm and then at the family\'s gristmills in German Mills (later Kitchener), becoming mill manager in 1862. In 1864, Snider married Nancy Weber. In 1871, he purchased a mill at St. Jacobs, replacing the millstones with rollers, which produced a better quality of flour. In 1884, he purchased a foundry at Waterloo, which produced agricultural implements and machinery. He also owned a lumber company. Snider lobbied for the establishment of forest reserves while in office, seeing the disappearing forests in Waterloo County.
A generator at his mill in St. Jacobs supplied electricity to the town. In 1900, with others, he formed the Michipicoten Falls Power Company Limited to provide hydroelectric power to mines north of Lake Superior. Snider lobbied the provincial government to build power transmission lines to make power generated at Niagara Falls available to the rest of the province. In 1903, he became the chair of the Ontario Power Commission, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of a provincial electric power utility. He married Helen Shoemaker in 1915 after the death of his first wife.
He died in Kitchener, Ontario in 1921
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# William J. Twaddell
**William John Twaddell** (1884 -- 22 May 1922) was a Unionist politician from Belfast.
He was a draper who was educated at a Belfast primary school.
He was a member of the Ulster Unionist Party and from 1910 he was a member of Belfast City Council. In November 1921, he and Robert Boyd organised the Ulster Imperial Guards as a paramilitary force of 21,000 men. He was elected to the Parliament of Northern Ireland for Belfast West in the 1921 general election and sat until he was assassinated on 22 May 1922 by the Irish Republican Army. He was walking in Garfield Street off Royal Avenue, to his business, a short distance away, and had been followed closely by his assassins.
His death precipitated a clamp-down on the IRA in Northern Ireland and 350 IRA members were interned. Seamus Woods, who was interned on HMS *Argenta* during the clampdown, was charged with his murder. Woods who had joined the Irish National Army was trying to control irregular elements within the IRA. By agreement with the government of Northern Ireland, two officers of the Irish National Army were given permission to travel to the trial. General Ginger O\'Connell and Commandant Charles McAlister gave evidence and Woods was found not guilty.
Twaddell was buried at Drumcree Church where his headstone says that he was \'foully murdered in Belfast\'
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# Thomas Hansen (cricketer)
**Thomas Munkholt Hansen** (born 25 March 1976) is a Danish former cricketer. In 1997, Hansen became the third Dane, after Ole Mortensen and Soren Henriksen, to play English county cricket when he joined Hampshire. His first-class career with Hampshire was brief, playing just four matches in three seasons. After leaving Hampshire, Hansen established himself as a regular in the Danish cricket team, representing it in the ICC Trophy and List A one-day cricket, until 2009.
## Early career {#early_career}
Hansen was born at Glostrup, Region Hovedstaden. He first played cricket when he was nine years old, following his father, who played for Denmark, into the sport. A previous Denmark Under-19 captain, Hansen made his international debut for Denmark against Malaysia in the 1997 ICC Trophy. Making five appearances in that tournament, he took a total of 10 wickets at an average of 14.30, with best figures of 5 for 51. His performances for Denmark caught the attention of Hampshire, with Hansen joining the English county for the 1997 season. It was during this season that he made his first-class debut for the county against Worcestershire in Hampshire\'s final match in that seasons County Championship, becoming the first Dane to represent Hampshire. He went wicketless in the match, while with the bat he recorded scores of 12 not out and 19.
Having spent most of the 1997 season in the Hampshire Second XI, this again was the case for the 1998 season, with Hansen not featuring in any of Hampshire\'s first-class matches that season. He featured heavily for the Second XI in the 1999 season, but did make three first-class appearances in the 1999 County Championship against Sussex, Northamptonshire and Somerset. He took a total of 5 wickets in these three matches, which came at an average of 39.20, with best figures of 3 for 59. His career first-class bowling average ended at 54.20, while with the bat he scored a total of 64 runs at a batting average of 12.80, with a high score of 24. He left Hampshire at the end of the 1999 season, and despite playing second XI cricket for Leicestershire and Northamptonshire in 2000, he was unable to secure any further contracts in county cricket.
It was in 2000 that he made his debut in List A cricket for Denmark against Zimbabwe A in the 2000 ICC Emerging Nations Tournament. Hansen made five appearances in that tournament, which was hosted in Zimbabwe. He took 9 wickets at an average of 14.11, with best figures of 3 for 20. Later that same year, he appeared for Denmark in a List A match in the English domestic one-day tournament, against the Durham Cricket Board at Hartlepool. Hansen scored 15 runs in the Danish innings, before being dismissed by Marcus North, while with the ball he took the wickets of Stephen Ball and Steven Chapman, finishing with figures of 2/32 in what was a Danish loss. He featured in the 2001 ICC Trophy in Canada, making eight appearances. He took 11 wickets in the tournament, at an average of 13.81 and with best figures of 3/11.
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# Thomas Hansen (cricketer)
## Later career {#later_career}
His next major appearance for Denmark came in English domestic cricket in the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against the Leicestershire Cricket Board, though the match which was a first round fixture was played in August 2002 to avoid fixture congestion the following season. Denmark lost the match by 4 wickets. The following season, he appeared for Denmark in the first round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against Wales Minor Counties, with the match itself played late in the 2003 season in a similar arrangement to that already mentioned. Denmark again lost the match. Hansen played in his third and final ICC Trophy during the 2005 ICC Trophy in Ireland. In a change from previous tournaments, this ICC Trophy held List A status. He made six appearances during the tournament, with him taking 15 wickets at an average of 14.00, with best figures of 6 for 30. These figures, which came against Uganda, were his maiden List A five wicket haul. Hansen also scored 75 runs in the tournament, including recording what remains his only half century, scoring 51 against Bermuda. In total, he represented Denmark in 19 ICC Trophy matches, taking 36 wickets at an average of 14.02.
In August 2007, he took 7 for 13 in a friendly against Bermuda at Brøndby, the best bowling figures for Denmark in international cricket. In November of that year, he was selected in Denmark\'s squad for the World Cricket League Division Two in Namibia. The matches in this competition held List A status, with Hansen playing in all six of Denmark\'s matches in the tournament, helping them secure fourth place and with it a place in the 2009 World Cup Qualifier. Hansen had a quiet tournament, taking 5 wickets at an average of 34.40, with best figures of 2 for 27. He was later selected for Denmark\'s squad for the World Cup Qualifier in 2009. Hansen injured his hand during the tournament and only played in three matches against Afghanistan, the Netherlands and Bermuda, as a result. These appearances marked what are to date his final List A appearances for Denmark. Having played a total of 23 matches in that format for his country, Hansen took 33 wickets at a bowling average of 21.30, while with the bat he scored 270 runs at a batting average of 22.50.
Outside of cricket, he works as a banker for Danske Bank in Copenhagen. He also plays his club cricket for Svanholm Cricket Club
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# Philippine habeas corpus cases
**Philippine *habeas corpus* cases** are cases decided by the Supreme Court of the Philippines, which invoke the writ of *habeas corpus*.
The writ of *habeas corpus* may be suspended in order to prevent any violence in cases of rebellion or insurrection, as the case may be. In Philippine jurisdiction, the present 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article III, Section 15 provides that "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it."
## The *Writ of Habeas Corpus* {#the_writ_of_habeas_corpus}
As per definition, it is a law stating that an individual cannot be imprisoned or held in custody inside a prison cell unless he/she has first been brought before a court of law, which decides whether or not it is legal for the person to be kept in prison.
## *Barcelon v. Baker* (5 Phil. Reports 87, 1905) {#barcelon_v._baker_5_phil._reports_87_1905}
Source:
At the early years of the American Rule in the Philippines, lawlessness was rampant and criminal activities were at large. Governor-General James Francis Smith, with the consent of the Philippine Commission, suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the provinces of Batangas and Cavite. A petition was raised questioning such suspension of the writ.
The Supreme Court issued a ruling sustaining the suspension of the privilege of the writ. It said that the decision of the Governor-General is his duty on his part, and that the court cannot question the acts of the executive and legislative branches of government. Simply put, the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is a political question that courts cannot decide upon.
## *Montenegro v. Castañeda* (91 Phil. Reports 882, 1949) {#montenegro_v._castañeda_91_phil._reports_882_1949}
President Elpidio Quirino suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in some parts of Luzon in order to stifle the emergence of the Hukbalahap guerillas. Such suspension was again questioned in the Supreme Court. The court affirmed the president\'s acts of suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, based on the decision in the Barcelon case.
## *Lansang v. Garcia* (G.R. No. L-33964, December 11, 1971; 42 SCRA 448) {#lansang_v._garcia_g.r._no._l_33964_december_11_1971_42_scra_448}
Source:
On August 21, 1971, grenades exploded at Plaza Miranda in the city of Manila during a public meeting of the Liberal Party. Acting on such an event, on August 23, 1971, President Ferdinand Marcos suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus on the entire country. Petitions were filed in the Supreme Court for the release of several arrested persons.
The Supreme Court, through Chief Justice Roberto Concepcion, ruled that the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus was proper for having factual and legal basis clearly provided forth by the government. But the Supreme Court, reversing the Barcelon and Montenegro cases, declared that the Judiciary has the authority to inquire into the factual basis of such suspension, and that the suspension is to be annulled if no legal ground would be established. Thus, such action is now considered justiciable to be decided by the courts.
## *Aquino v. Enrile* (G.R. No. L-35546, September 17, 1974, 59 SCRA 183) {#aquino_v._enrile_g.r._no._l_35546_september_17_1974_59_scra_183}
Source:
Decided during martial law, it involved the petition of habeas corpus of Marcos' critics, notably Benigno Aquino Jr. and Jose W. Diokno. The Supreme Court decided unanimously to dismiss the petitions, but as Chief Justice Querube Makalintal put it, \"there was no agreement as to the manner the issues would be treated and developed. The same destination would be reached, so to speak, but through different routes and by means of different vehicles of approach.\" He said that the reason why the Court did not produce a single, collegial opinion, among others, was that the members of the Supreme Court are conscious of \"the future verdict of history\" upon their stand.
Even before the cases were decided, Diokno, to the chagrin of the Supreme Court, opted to withdraw his petition on the ground that no fair decision can be made of the court to render him justice. What made it worse was the fact that before the Supreme Court could respond to Diokno\'s challenge, Marcos issued an order releasing him and the other petitioners, leaving Aquino behind.
Justice Fred Ruiz Castro opined that the declaration of martial law automatically suspends the application of the said writ, thus Aquino cannot be released. He said that martial law \"is founded upon the principle that the state has a right to protect itself against those who would destroy it, and has therefore been likened to the right of an individual to self-defense.\"
## *Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile* (L-61388, April 20, 1983 ,121 SCRA 472) {#garcia_padilla_v._enrile_l_61388_april_20_1983_121_scra_472}
In this decision involving subversion, the Supreme Court reversed the Lansang ruling and reverted to the Barcelon and Montenegro ruling that the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is a political question.
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# Philippine habeas corpus cases
## The 1987 Philippine Constitution {#the_1987_philippine_constitution}
The present Philippine Constitution, in reaction to the Marcos regime, adopted a procedure in cases of suspension of the writ or declaration of martial law by the president.
It states that in case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it, the President may request to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus for a period not exceeding sixty days, or place the Philippines or any part of the country under martial law. Congress must approve the request. Within forty-eight hours from the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, the President shall submit a report in person or in writing to the Congress. The Congress, voting jointly, by a vote of at least a majority of all its Members in regular or special session, may revoke or extend such proclamation or suspension. If Congress is not in session it shall, convene without need of a call within twenty-four hours following such proclamation or suspension.
Such check and balance placed on the Supreme Court relied heavily on the Lansang case. It is provided that the Supreme Court may review the sufficiency of the factual basis of the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or the extension thereof. It is mandated to promulgate its decision within thirty days from its filing by any citizen.
The suspension of the privilege of the writ shall apply only to persons judicially charged for rebellion or offenses inherent in, or directly connected with, invasion. During the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, any person thus arrested or detained shall be judicially charged within three days, otherwise he shall be released
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# Kanzaki Station (Saga)
is a passenger railway station located in the city of Kanzaki, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu and is on the Nagasaki Main Line.
## Lines
The station is served by the Nagasaki Main Line and is located 15.7 km from the starting point of the line at `{{STN|Tosu|x}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
The station consists of a side platform and an island platform serving three tracks. The station building is a modern design built of steel and glass and is an elevated structure where the passenger facilities such as the ticket window and waiting area are housed in a bridge which spans the tracks. From the station forecourt on the south side of the tracks, there is, in addition to steps, a ramp which leads to an elevator which gives access to the facilities on the bridge. Besides a flight of steps, the island platform is also served by an elevator from the bridge. Platform 1 (the side platform) is not served by an elevator but there is a direct entrance from the station forecourt which staff can open for wheelchair users. It is also possible to enter the station bridge structure from the north side of the tracks using steps or an elevator.
Management of the station has been outsourced to the JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of JR Kyushu specialising in station services. It staffs the ticket window which is equipped with a POS machine but does not have a *Midori no Madoguchi* facility.
### Platforms
<file:JRKyushu-Nagasaki-main-line-Kanzaki-station-south-entrance-20091101.jpg%7CA> view of the main (south) entrance of the station. Note the ramp which leads to an elevator and the direct entrance to platform 1. <file:Platform> of Kanzaki Station 2.jpg\|A view of the platforms and tracks from platform 1. Note the elevator serving platforms 2 and 3. <file:JRKyushu-Nagasaki-main-line-Kanzaki-station-platform-20091101.jpg%7CA> view from platform 2. Note the direct entrance to platform 1 which is located near the base of the steps. <file:Kanzaki> Station 20171009-2.jpg\|The north entrance to the station. Note the steps and elevator shaft.
## History
The station was opened with the name `{{nihongo|'''Kanzaki'''|神崎|}}`{=mediawiki} (a different second word in *kanji* but the same reading) on 20 August 1891 by the private Kyushu Railway as an intermediate station on a stretch of track which it laid from `{{STN|Tosu|x}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{STN|Saga|x}}`{=mediawiki}. When the Kyushu Railway was nationalized on 1 July 1907, Japanese Government Railways (JGR) took over control of the station. On 1 November 1907, the station name was changed to `{{nihongo|'''Kanzaki'''|神埼|}}`{=mediawiki}. On 12 October 1909, the station became part of the Nagasaki Main Line. On 1 May 1945 the station name was changed to `{{nihongo|'''Hizen-Kanzaki'''|肥前神埼|}}`{=mediawiki} and on 10 April 1956 back to `{{nihongo|'''Kanzaki'''|神埼|}}`{=mediawiki} again. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Kyushu and JR Freight. Freight services were discontinued on 22 May 1997.
## Passenger statistics {#passenger_statistics}
In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 1,274 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 116th among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu
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# Tony Johnston
Anthony Johnston}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use Australian English|date=July 2015}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox person
| name = Tony Johnston
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|04|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], Australia
| nationality = Australian
| other_names =
| years_active = 1986-present
| occupation = Television presenter, actor
| known_for =
}}`{=mediawiki} **Tony Johnston** (born 9 April 1970) is an Australian television presenter, producer and radio broadcaster. Tony began his career in 1986, as a presenter on the music video show *Saturday Jukebox* on the Seven Network in Australia.
In 1987, he started hosting the children\'s program *OK* with the Nine Network. In 1992, Tony became a reporter with the Logie Award winning program *Wonder World*. Johnston also hosted Nine\'s children\'s game show *My Generation*. In 1996, he was named host of the children\'s game show, *Time Masters* on the Seven Network. In the same year, he became a presenter *The Great Outdoors*. In 1999, he became host of another children\'s game show *Wipeout*.
Between 2002 and 2003, Johnston was the weather presenter on *Seven News*. He also worked as a reporter for *The Great South East* in Queensland and hosted a talkback radio show on Brisbane radio station 4BC. From 2003, he was a director of a new media production company **Tjtv Pty Ltd**, and continued his radio career with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, as a presenter with ABC Radio Brisbane and Coast FM. In 2008, he joined World Radio Switzerland - Switzerland\'s English speaking radio station
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# K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan
**Karumanaseri Narayanaiyer Ananthapadmanabhan** (born 8 September 1969) is an Indian cricket umpire and former first-class cricketer from the state of Kerala. He played for the India \"A\" national team in international cricket and for South Zone and Kerala in Indian domestic cricket. He is a former captain of Kerala state Ranji Trophy team. He now serves as an umpire at the first-class level and officiates in domestic cricket tournaments in India, including the Ranji Trophy and Indian Premier League. In August 2020, Ananthapadmanabhan was promoted to the International Panel of ICC Umpires.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Ananthapadmanabhan represented his state team Kerala and the South Zone in first-class and List A cricket in India. He also represent India \"A\" team in international cricket. He was a right-arm leg spin bowler and was efficient in bowling leg break and googly. In his first-class career, Ananthapadmanabhan took 344 wickets from the 105 matches he played. He also scored three hundreds, including a double century and thus played the role of an able all-rounder for his team. Ananthapadmanabhan enjoyed a very successful first-class career but could not go on to represent the national team India at the Test or ODI level, largely because his career coincided with the Indian leg spinner Anil Kumble. KN Anathapadamanabhan\'s miserable tale is one of the untold stories of Indian cricket.
## Umpiring career {#umpiring_career}
Ananthapadmanabhan is now an umpire and has been officiating in major domestic tournaments in India since 2008. During the 2015--16 Ranji Trophy, he stood in the 2nd semi-final between Madhya Pradesh and Mumbai at Cuttack from 13 to 17 February 2016. During the 2016--17 Ranji Trophy, he was officiated in the 2nd semi-final between Gujarat and Jharkhand at Nagpur from 1--5 January 2017. He also stood in matches in the 2016 and 2017 editions of Indian Premier League.
In August 2020 he was elevated to the ICC panel of international umpires. He stood in his first Twenty20 International (T20I) match, between India and England on 12 March 2021. He stood in his first One Day International (ODI) match, also between India and England, on 23 March 2021.
In January 2024, He was named as one of the sixteen match officials for 2024 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
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# Avrohom Blumenkrantz
**Avrohom Blumenkrantz** (October 21 1944 -- February 22, 2007) (*אברהם בלומענקראנץ*) was a prominent American Orthodox rabbi. He was a widely consulted authority on the laws of Passover *kashrut* and published an annual Passover guide for many years.
## Early life {#early_life}
Avrohom Blumenkrantz was born in Mandatory Palestine to parents of Ashkenazi European extraction, Chaim Menachem Bentzion and Devorah. His father was a highly trained talmudic scholar from Warsaw, who attended some of the best yeshivas in pre-war Europe, including the Novardok yeshiva. In 1948, Chaim was abroad at the outbreak of the War of Independence, and chose not to return. Instead, young Avrohom and the rest of the family left Israel aboard a ship. In the early 1950s the family settled in Bogotá, Colombia, where Chaim became chief rabbi.
Avrohom began his education in Bogotá, but came to New York City as a teenager to study at Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (MTJ) under Moshe Feinstein, with whom Blumenkrantz would maintain a close relationship until Feinstein\'s death in 1986.
## Rabbinical career {#rabbinical_career}
Blumenkrantz became a confidant of Feinstein, screening his calls and filtering the constant stream of *halakhic* (Jewish law) questions posed to the posek. Feinstein asked his 25-year-old student to teach a *semikhah* (rabbinic ordination) class in Yoreh De\'ah at MTJ. Afterwards, Feinstein directed his student to prominent teaching positions in Staten Island and Brooklyn.
Following in his father\'s footsteps, Blumenkrantz took the helm of a synagogue in Far Rockaway, Queens.
### Passover guide {#passover_guide}
framed\|right\|*The Laws of Pesach* for 2006 Blumenkrantz is best remembered for his annual Passover guide, *The Laws of Pesach*, a publication relied upon by observant Jews throughout North America to maintain high standards of *kashrut* observance during Passover. Blumenkrantz would update the guide annually, to reflect changes in the food industry: new products, new ingredients, changes in food preparation methods, etc. The guide began as an unpublished newsletter that Blumenkrantz began to privately distribute in the 1970s. As the circulation of the newsletter spread, more and more people consulted him on complicated questions of Passover observance. As a result of this, Blumenkrantz expanded the coverage of his newsletter until it became book-length, a yearly undertaking that took several months to put together. Blumenkrantz was working on the 2007 volume of the guide at the time of his death. His family announced that the work would be completed in time for Passover. The family continues to publish the Passover Guide in his memory annually.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Blumenkrantz was married to Shaindel (née Braunstein) and they had 15 children together.
His son, Yisroel Blumenkrantz is the rabbi of Bais Medrash Ateres Yisroel, the synagogue his father founded in Far Rockaway.
## Death and burial {#death_and_burial}
Blumenkrantz died in New York on February 22, 2007, of heart complications. He was flown to Israel for burial in the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery in Jerusalem
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# Doug Watson (cricketer)
**Douglas James Watson** (born 15 May 1973) is a former South African cricketer who played domestic cricket for KwaZulu-Natal Inland. He has previously represented South Africa A, Derbyshire and Dolphins. He is also a former coach of the Dolphins.
In 2023, Watson was appointed head coach of the Scotland national cricket team on a short-term contract covering the 2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier and 2023 Men\'s T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier
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# Symbol of Salvation
***Symbol of Salvation*** is the fourth album by American heavy metal band Armored Saint, released in 1991 on Metal Blade Records. It was their first release with rhythm guitarist Jeff Duncan and their last album before going on an extended hiatus that would last until 1999. The songs on this album were written and demoed in 1988 and 1989 with original lead guitarist Dave Prichard (except \"Truth Always Hurts\"), who died of leukemia in 1990 prior to recording. The first guitar solo on \"Tainted Past\" was lifted from a 1989 4-track demo recorded by Prichard. The album was produced by Dave Jerden, who had produced Alice in Chains and Jane\'s Addiction albums beforehand. Jerden would go on to produce vocalist John Bush\'s first album with Anthrax, *Sound of White Noise* in 1993.
The track \"Hanging Judge\" was featured in the 1992 horror film *Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth*, which also featured a cameo appearance of Armored Saint in a nightclub scene.
## Reception
In 2005, *Symbol of Salvation* was ranked number 424 in *Rock Hard*{{\'}}s book *The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time*.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## 2003 reissue
In 2003, Metal Blade Records remastered and re-released the album as a three-disc special edition. In addition to the full 13-song track list, the first disc contains the music videos to \"Reign of Fire\" and \"Last Train Home\". The second disc contains the original 1989 four-track demos (the same demos that the solo of \"Tainted Past\" came from) of every song from the album (except the instrumental \"Half Drawn Bridge\"), all which feature original guitarist Dave Prichard. The remainder of the second disc is the first half of a retrospective interview with the band and Metal Blade CEO Brian Slagel, and the third disc contains the second half of the same interview.
## Personnel
- John Bush -- lead vocals
- Phil Sandoval -- guitars
- Jeff Duncan -- guitars, backing vocals
- Joey Vera -- bass, backing vocals
- Gonzo Sandoval -- drums, percussion
- Dave Prichard -- first guitar solo on \"Tainted Past\"
## Solos
- Reign Of Fire: 1st solo: Phil; 2nd solo: Jeff.
- Dropping Like Flies: 1st solo: Phil; 2nd solo: Jeff.
- Last Train Home solos: Jeff.
- Tribal Dance: 1st solo: Phil; 2nd solo: Jeff.
- The Truth Always Hurts: 1st solo: Phil; 2nd solo: Jeff.
- Half Drawn Bridge: 1st solo: Phil; 2nd solo: Jeff.
- Another Day: 1st solo: Phil; 2nd solo: Jeff.
- Symbol Of Salvation: 1st solo: Jeff; 2nd solo: Phil.
- Hanging Judge solos: Jeff.
- Warzone: 1st solo: Jeff; 2nd solo: Phil.
- Burning Question: 1st solo: Jeff; 2nd solo: Phil.
- Tainted Past: 1st solo: D. Prichard; 2nd solo: Phil.
- Spineless: 1st solo: Jeff; 2nd solo: Phil
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# Henry Ling Roth
**Henry Ling Roth** (3 February 1855 -- 12 May 1925) was an English-born anthropologist and museum curator, active in Australia.
## Early life {#early_life}
Roth was born in London, the son of Dr Mathias Roth, an Austrian-born surgeon, and his English wife Anna Maria, *née* Collins. Henry was educated at University College School, London, and studied natural science and philosophy in the German Empire. At 20 years of age, Roth visited British Guiana. In the spring of 1876 Roth visited the Russian Empire and remained there until December 1877. Shortly afterwards his *Notes on the Agriculture and Peasantry of Eastern Russia* was published at London.
## Career
In 1878 Roth went to Australia (preceding his brothers Reuter Emerich Roth and Walter Edmund Roth) commissioned to investigate the Queensland sugar industry by English investors. Roth settled at Mackay in northern Queensland, and published *A Report on the Sugar Industry in Queensland* (1880). Papers on \"The Climate of Mackay\" and \"On the Roots of the Sugar Cane\" appeared in the *Journal and Proceedings* of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1881 and 1883. He had an article in The Brisbane Courier for 1 April 1884, subsequently returned to England, and in 1888 was established in business at Halifax, West Yorkshire. In 1890 he published *The Aborigines of Tasmania*, a careful and able gathering together of the available information relating to a vanished race. A second edition appeared in 1899. In 1896 Roth brought out another important book, *The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo* (published by Truslove and Hanson), largely based on the manuscript of Hugh Brooke Low. He spent much time in a wide range of ethnological studies and many of his papers were published in scientific journals.
In June 1900 Roth was appointed honorary curator of the Bankfield Museum, Halifax, Yorkshire, then in a very run-down condition. Roth soon improved the museum, and in 1912 was appointed half-time keeper and later on he worked full-time on the museum. Roth published *Great Benin; Its Customs, Art and Horrors* (1903), and *The Yorkshire Coiners, 1767-1783* (1906), and *Notes on Old and Prehistoric Halifax* (1906). That Roth still retained his interest in Australia is indicated by his book on *The Discovery and Settlement of Port Mackay, Queensland*, which was published in 1908. Roth\'s *Oriental Silverwork, Malay and Chinese*, appeared in 1910 (again with Truslove and Hanson). Around this time he began publishing a long series of Bankfield Museum notes, of which 23 numbers eventually appeared. In 1916 *Sketches and Reminiscences from Queensland, Russia and Elsewhere*, was privately printed. His health was not robust and in August 1924 he resigned from the museum, but continued to help in its work when his health permitted. Roth died on 12 May 1925 and was survived by his wife (Nancy Harriette, *née* Haigh) and two sons.
## Legacy
Roth was a modest man, his work in anthropology was very largely based on the fieldwork of other men, but he had a talent for collating information and records, and his volumes on the Tasmanian aborigines and the natives of Sarawak and North Borneo were standard books. Roth\'s work has not been fully appreciated; a list of his publications will be found in *Man* for July 1925. Henry Ling Roth\'s collection of books was acquired by the library of the University of Manchester in 1917
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# Sylvester Neelon
**Sylvester Neelon** (January 7, 1825 -- December 31, 1897) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Lincoln in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member in 1875 and from 1879 to 1886.
He was born in New York state in 1825 and came to St. Catharines, Upper Canada with his parents in 1832. In 1852, he formed a shipping firm in partnership with James Norris. The company also purchased a flour mill, which Neelon retained when the partnership was dissolved. He continued to own ships and also manufactured barrels for the transporting of goods. He was also involved in railways, banking, the sale of dry goods, a paper mill and a tavern. Neelon married Cinderella Read and married his second wife, Louisa Latham Chisholm, in 1884 after Cinderella\'s death. He served on the town council for St. Catharines. In 1875, he was elected to the provincial legislative assembly but unseated for buying votes; he was reelected in 1879. His construction company won a masonry contract for Toronto\'s city hall in 1889.
He died in Toronto in 1897
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# Asociación de Inspectores de Educación
**Asociación de Inspectores de Educación** (ADIDE) is a Spanish professional association of education supervisors. By the number of its members it is the most important association of these professionals in Spain: nowadays, 950 out of 1600 Spanish Inspectors of Education are members of ADIDE, while the rest of them are either unassociated or splitting their membership into several different associations and unions.
## Background
Educational professionals usually group themselves either in unions, professional associations or professional organizations. Unions have as their main aim the defence of the labour conditions of their members. Professional associations deal with the performance of the Code of Professional Ethics established by the association. Professional associations, like ADIDE, can have as well as the previous interests, some different aims and concerns, such as ensuring the professional development of members through suitable formation and training, the organization of scientific meetings and congresses, and the publishing of professional magazines and books.
The Inspectorate of Education is a body (or two, actually) of civil servants of about 1600 people in Spain. This body of inspectors supervise all the Spanish education system except the university studies. Every inspector is usually in charge of several schools and other educational institutions, and performs his/her duties according to an annual Inspection Plan. Quite often, however inspectors have to tackle with all kind of incidents and unscheduled situations which requires much attention from them.
## Founding
After the establishment of democracy, the Spanish education system undertook very important changes in the 1980s, a time when a significant group of teachers and school administrators started to carry out the supervision function of schools. The already existing associations of inspectors of education at that time did not ensure the professional development of the new inspectors, so it was necessary for them to found a new association. ADIDE was created in 1990 and soon started to replace the absence of unions to achieve the promotion of professional interests and helping to put into practice the new educational policies as settled in the Education reform provided by the Organic Act of General Organization of the Educational System 1990.
Initially, ADIDE was a unique national organization for the whole of Spain, but due to the Association Act 2005, it had to adopt a federated structure, which provoked some problems of interaction on the very first moments. The new technologies and members' cooperation worked well to maintain a good level of coordination among all the federal associations, one for every one of the Spanish Autonomous Regions, which hold a high level of independence in educational matters. The federated association is since then known as ADIDE-Federación, while every autonomous region association is known by the name of ADIDE followed by the name of the region it operates on
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# Kuppalli
`{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}`{=mediawiki}
**Kuppalli**, also known as **Kuppali**, is a small village in Thirthahalli taluk of Shimoga district in the state of Karnataka in India. It is famous for being the childhood home of the renowned Kannada poet Kuvempu.
## Kuvempu
The celebrated Kannada poet and writer Kuvempu belonged to this village and was very attached to it. Indeed, this pen-name *Kuvempu* (Kannada: ಕುವೆಂಪು) pays homage to the author\'s home, created as it is from the first letters from his full name \"**Ku**ppali **Ven**katappa **Pu**ttappa\" (Venkatappa being his father\'s name). Kuppalli is also the birthplace of Poornachandra Tejaswi, the son of Kuvempu and a famous Kannada writer himself. It is also the place where Kuvempu and Poornachandra Tejaswi have been cremated. The childhood home of Kuvempu at Kuppali has been converted into a museum by *Rashtrakavi Kuvempu Pratishtana* (a trust dedicated to Kuvempu). This trust has undertaken immense developmental works in Kuppali to showcase Kuvempu and his works to the external world.
### Kuvempu\'s early life and education {#kuvempus_early_life_and_education}
Kuvempu was born in Hirekodige, Koppa taluk, of Chikmagalur district to a native Kannada family. He was brought up in Kuppalli. His education started at his home by an appointed teacher from Dakshina Kannada. He joined Anglo Vernacular school in Thirthahalli to continue his middle school education. He lost his father, *Venkatappa Gowda*, when he was only 12. Kuvempu finished his lower and secondary education in Kannada and English in Thirthahalli. He moved to Mysore for further education and completed his high school from Wesleyan High School. He pursued his college studies in Maharaja\'s College of Mysore, and graduated in 1929 with a major in Kannada.
### Kavishaila
**Kavishaila** is a rock monument made of megalithic rocks and dedicated to Kuvempu. It is on the top of a small hill in Kuppali. Arranged in a circular fashion, the rocks have been placed to resemble the Stonehenge in England. At the centre of this rock monument is the place where Kuvempu was laid to rest after his death and a memorial has been constructed at that location. Near this monument, is a small rock where Kuvempu used to sit and discuss about literature and other topics with his other litterateur friends. A rock containing the etched signatures of Kuvempu, B. M. Srikantaiah and T S Venkannaiah is present near the monument. Poornachandra Tejaswi later engraved his signature on the same rock. Granite slabs containing engraved poems and quotes of Kuvempu have been placed near the monument.
### Digitization
A 3D reconstructed digitized model of Kavisamadhi and etched signatures are developed by [Axesmap](https://blog.axesmap.com/kavishaila-the-place-of-kuvempu-in-3d-as-digital-heritage/) under #DigitalHeritage program.
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# Kuppalli
## Kuvempu
### Kavimane
Kavimane is the ancestral house of Kuvempu. *Kavimane* means *House of the poet* in the Kannada language. Nestled in the midst of green forests of Malnad, the house presents a scintillating view. It is a three-storeyed tiled house including the ground floor and is the house where Kuvempu spent most of his childhood. This house has now been renovated and converted into a museum. The architecture of the house is what is locally called `{{Transliteration|kn|thotti Mane}}`{=mediawiki}, in which the house consists of a central square area resembling a `{{Transliteration|kn|thotti}}`{=mediawiki} (pond) that is open to sky and surrounded by a courtyard. This house is open on all days of the year from 9:00 AM to 6:30 PM. There is an entry fee of 10 Rupees for adults and for children over the age of 10. Photography inside Kavimane is prohibited.
- **Ground floor**: As one enters the house, one can see a big hall with various articles displayed in the courtyard. Prominent among them is the mantapa within which Kuvempu\'s marriage was solemnised. Next to the Mantapa is the laminated `{{Transliteration|kn|Lagnapatrike}}`{=mediawiki}, the invitation card used for inviting guests to Kuvempu\'s marriage. Large wooden boxes used for storing rice and other grains can also be seen in the main hall. Next to the hall, is the `{{Transliteration|kn|baananti Kone}}`{=mediawiki}, which is a room dedicated for caretaking of mothers who have just given birth to a child. A wooden `{{Transliteration|kn|tottilu}}`{=mediawiki} (cradle) used for putting the baby to sleep is a rare item present there. The kitchen is a revelation in itself and consists of utensils and other articles hardly seen in kitchens today. Some of the items include a big `{{Transliteration|kn|kadigolu}}`{=mediawiki}, a ladle-like utensil used for churning curd into buttermilk, a `{{Transliteration|kn|sarigolu}}`{=mediawiki} which is a steam pot used for making idlis and a *sambar marriage* which is a box containing various compartments used to hold items that make a sambar. An interesting innovation in the kitchen is that of a `{{Transliteration|kn|hoge atta}}`{=mediawiki}, which is an opening in the roof used to let out smoke generated by firewood in the kitchen. The `{{Transliteration|kn|hoge atta}}`{=mediawiki} is made of wood with openings to let out smoke. Since Malnad region is a high moisture area, there are good chances that perishable food items will not stay for long. These items are placed on the `{{Transliteration|kn|hoge atta}}`{=mediawiki} so that the smoke can prevent moisture from destroying these items. Another room contains a lot of photographs taken of Kuvempu\'s childhood and also of important events in his lifetime. A small room serves a shop where one can purchase books authored by Kuvempu and cassettes and CDs based on his work. A 10% discount is provided over the actual price of the items purchased here.
- **First floor**: The first floor can be reached by a wooden staircase and consists of a room that contains the various articles used by Kuvempu during his lifetime like his pen, razor, comb, walking stick, umbrella etc. Various awards and citations conferred to him are also present; the prominent among which are the Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and the huge Karnataka Ratna awards. Some of the other articles that can be seen here are a `{{Transliteration|kn|taalapatra}}`{=mediawiki} (writings on palm leaf) and `{{Transliteration|kn|baluvali suttuga}}`{=mediawiki}, which is a huge wooden stick like item given to the groom as a gift during his wedding.
- **Second floor**: The second floor houses the entire collection of books written by Kuvempu, including one of Sri Ramayana Darshanam, probably his most famous book, which he reverently dedicated to Shri TS Venkannaiah, his teacher, published in his own handwriting. Laminated doctorate certificates conferred by various universities to Kuvempu can also be seen here.
## Getting there {#getting_there}
### By road {#by_road}
Kuppali is around 18 km from the taluk headquarters, Thirthahalli and 80 km. from the district headquarters, Shivamogga. From , one has to take the National Highway NH-13 (Shivamogga - Thirthahalli road) to reach Kuppali. From Bengaluru, one has to take the National Highway NH-206 to reach Shivamogga and then take the above mentioned route. There is an overnight bus run by KSRTC from Bangalore to Kuppali. The total distance from Bengaluru to Kuppali is around 350 km. From Mangalore, one can take NH-169 to reach Kuppali. The distance from Mangalore to Kuppali is 153 km. Kuppali is around 10 km from Koppa town.
### By rail {#by_rail}
The nearest railway station is in Shimoga. Numerous trains run from Bengaluru and Mysore to Shimoga.
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# Kuppalli
## Kuvempu
### By air {#by_air}
The nearest airport is Shivamogga Airport
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# Navaja
The ***navaja*** is a traditional Spanish folding-blade fighting and utility knife.
## Etymology
The etymology of the word *navaja* is derived from the Latin *novacula*, meaning *razor*, and the Andalusian knife known as the *navaja* is thought to have derived from the *navaja de afeitar*, or straight razor used for shaving.
A popular slang term for the *navaja* in the 19th century was *herramienta*, which translates as \"(iron) tool\".
In Spain, the term *navaja* is often used to generally describe all folding-blade knives and epitomized the concept of a defensive knife to be carried at all times on the person.
Most of the larger *navajas* of the early 19 centuries were clearly intended as fighting knives, and were popularly referred to as *santólios*, a contraction of the Spanish term for \"holy oil\".
The name was a reference to the oils or unguents applied to the dying as part of the Catholic last sacrament, as it was believed that a man encountering such a knife in a violent confrontation would invariably require administration of the last rites.
## History
While folding-blade knives existed in Spain even in pre-Roman times, the earliest Spanish knives recognizable as *navajas* date from around the late 1600s.
One of the oldest folding knife patterns still in production, the first true *navajas* originated in the Andalusian region of southern Spain.
## Design
The *navaja* used a variety of blade and handle styles over the years, with certain regions of Spain favoring distinct patterns. The classical Andalusian blade style is today popularly known as the *navaja bandolera*.
Many blade patterns bear a striking resemblance to that of the Bowie knife, and some historians believe the navaja\'s blade served as inspiration for the latter. Like the straight razor, the *navaja\'s* blade folds into the handle when not in use.
The classic Andalusian navaja of the craftsman era utilized forged carbon steel blades predominantly sourced from Spanish communities with a long history of swordmaking and cutlery manufacture, such as Albacete, Santa Cruz de Mudela, and Toledo.
The traditional *navaja* was typically fitted with a handle made of wood, horn, bone, or pierced copper or brass that was reinforced with a steel or brass liner, although examples can also be found with expensive materials such inlaid silver, ivory, and even gold.
From the mid-19th century, many \'Spanish\' *navajas* were actually imported from France; most of these imported French patterns lack a locking device for the blade. Many examples of this period were fitted with metal bolsters and butt caps for additional strength and protection; these are often carved, filed, or engraved with decorations.
*Navajas* with blades over 200mm (23 inches) were mostly oversized showpieces (*navajas de muestra* or *navajas de exposición*), and were made to display the abilities of the knifemaker, not for actual use.
### Early models {#early_models}
Like the *navaja de afeitar*, the earliest *navajas* worked on the principle of the simple peasant\'s knife, with no backspring to hold the blade in place once opened.
These early *navajas* were primarily designed as utility or work knives, and could easily be carried either openly or concealed on one\'s person.
One of the more common early varieties of this type of knife was the *navaja cortaplumas*, used by clerical workers, draftsmen, and notaries to sharpen ink quill tips.
With the development of reliable spring steel in Spain, the *navaja* could be fitted with a tempered steel, externally mounted backspring, making the design much more useful.
The new spring-back *navaja* proved very popular throughout Spain and was later exported to or manufactured in other countries as well, particularly France and the island of Corsica.`{{Listen| filename=Carraca.ogg|title="Carraca"|description=The distinctive sound produced when a ratcheting navaja is opened.|format=[[Ogg]]}}`{=mediawiki}
#### Improvements
During the first part of the 18th century, the blade heel and backspring of the navaja were cleverly altered to provide a locking device for the blade.
Pulling open the blade from the handle, the lock allowed the blade to rotate into the fully open position, where it locked into position.
The locking mechanism itself consisted of pinion teeth (*piñones* or *dientes*) cut into the blade heel (*talón de la hoja*) that are engaged by a lug attached to either the backspring or a separate spring-loaded metal latch as the knife is opened. The last pinion tooth serves to keep the blade locked in its fully opened position.
Around 1850, a metal pull ring was incorporated into the lock to facilitate blade closure. Pulling the metal ring cammed the backspring upward, freeing the blade from its lock and allowing the blade to fold back into the handle. The pull ring was eventually discarded in favor of a low-profile metal lever.
Aside from the early *navaja cortaplumas*, the design is thought to have been first adopted by the working classes - mule drivers, teamsters, artisans, and sailors as well as by the *majos*, the \"gentlemen of the lower class\" of Andalusia.
### Modern models {#modern_models}
The typical *navaja* manufactured today blends traditional styling with modern materials.
Most are smaller in blade length and overall size than the *navaja* carried during the classical era. The majority feature stainless steel blades, stainless metal bolsters and butt caps, and horn or wood handles.
Many different blade patterns are available, with hand-made (*artesanal*) versions commanding the highest prices.
While the ratcheting *carraca* can still be found on some knives, most examples now use a simplified locking mechanism consisting of a lug attached to the backspring that engages a single slot machined into the blade\'s heel.
| 916 |
Navaja
| 0 |
10,011,530 |
# Navaja
## Variants
### *\"Navaja de muelles\"* {#navaja_de_muelles}
The ratcheting-tooth lock-blade *navaja* was commonly referred to as a *navaja de muelles* or *navaja de siete muelles*.
The metal-to-metal contact produces a distinctive clicking or ratcheting sound when the blade is opened, and the *navaja de muelles* was popularly termed the *carraca* in consequence.
With its locking blade, the *navaja de muelles* was now a versatile fighting knife, able to safely deliver thrusts as well as slashes (cuts).
The *navaja de muelles* developed later proved sufficiently formidable as an offensive arm that it was specifically named by the Marqués de la Mina, the Spanish military governor of Catalonia, in his edict of 29 May 1750 prohibiting the carrying of *armas blancas*, or edged weapons.
Despite official disapproval, the *navaja de muelles* became popular throughout Spain as a fighting and general utility knife, and was the primary personal arm of the Spanish *guerrilleros* who opposed Napoleon during his invasion and subsequent occupation of Spain in the Peninsular War of 1808--1814.
### *\"Navaja bandolera\"* {#navaja_bandolera}
The *navaja bandolera* is a variation of what is termed a \"clip point\" blade, a design featuring a concave unsharpened false edge near the blade tip. Compared to its slim, almost feminine handle, the exaggerated belly and recurved blade of the classical *navaja* is particularly large and menacing.
### *\"Navaja sevillana\"* {#navaja_sevillana}
The large-bladed fighting *navaja* or *santólio* was eventually refined into a pattern named the *navaja sevillana*, after the region in which it saw much use.
The *navaja sevillana* was a fighting knife characterized by a ratcheted locking mechanism, a long and slender blade with a prominent clip, a needle-sharp point, and a finely honed, razor-sharp cutting edge.
| 282 |
Navaja
| 1 |
10,011,530 |
# Navaja
## Usage
### Civilian use {#civilian_use}
In Spain the carrying of a *navaja* did not necessarily identify its owner as a criminal.
During the first part of the 19th century, the *navaja* was carried by Spanish men---and not a few women---of all classes and backgrounds, including the upper classes, the clergy, and the aristocracy.
Evidence of this rests in museum collections of ornate antique examples, all featuring a standard of costly materials and laborious craftsmanship that could only have been commissioned by the upper classes.
The imposition of laws restricting the carrying of swords and other offensive weapons in Spain and in the Kingdom of Naples in southern Italy only served to increase the popularity of concealable knives such as the *navaja* in a culture devoted to edged weapons.
Towards the end of the 19th century, use of the *navaja* began to decline in Spain. However, for the working classes and those living in the provinces, who were loath to give up cherished customs, the navaja remained a habitual item of personal wear for many years afterwards.
### Criminal world {#criminal_world}
The rise in popularity of the *navaja* occurred at a time of increased restrictions upon the wearing of swords and other bladed weapons by persons outside the Spanish nobility.
Its association with *barateros*, *pícaros*, *jácaros* and *rufos* (gamblers, rogues, ruffians, and thugs) comes from its frequent use as a weapon of the underworld, where it was often used to enforce the collection of gambling debts or to rob innocent victims.
By 1903 the *navaja* had become a weapon of stealth, always concealed and \"never worn or used ostentatiously.\"
With the advent of mass-produced, low-priced handguns and an increasingly effective national police force, the Guardia Civil, the lock-blade navaja had become the weapon of choice of the lawless and the disreputable.
While most of Spain at that time was about as safe as Victorian London, travel alone after dark was never advisable given occasional encounters with brigands and thieves.
The ominous *click-clack* of a *navaja de muelles* was a sound dreaded by lone travellers attempting to negotiate lonely rural highways or the Byzantine back streets of medieval Spanish cities after dark.
The knife\'s popularity among lawless elements in Spain is attested to in James Loriega\'s book *Sevillian Steel*. Loriega writes,
> Navajas crossed the hands and drew the blood of soldiers and sailors, rogues and ruffians, and diplomats and aristocrats both in and out of Spain\'s borders. The use of the navaja fostered a mystique, not only from Seville\'s back streets, but also from the seedy waterfronts of Barcelona, and the cosmopolitan promenades of Madrid. Regardless of their original intent, the navaja represented the ultimate means for resolving disagreements, misunderstandings, and problems that arose in dockside bars, darkened alleys, and an untold number of places not found in any guidebook; places where there is little reliance on legal recourses; places where you either catch a glimpse of steel and live - or miss it, and never know why you died.
### As collectibles {#as_collectibles}
The appeal of n*avaja\'s* distinctive design and cultural symbol proved irresistible to foreign visitors to Spain.
Demand for the *navaja* as a collectible and as a tourist\'s souvenir is not a new one; as early as 1858, *navajas* were being widely offered in street markets in novelty lengths as short as three inches and as long as three feet.
| 565 |
Navaja
| 2 |
10,011,530 |
# Navaja
## Usage
### As fighting knives {#as_fighting_knives}
The *navaja* was first adopted as a fighting knife by the peoples of Andalusia in southern Spain, including the Spanish Romani people of the day, the *Gitanos*.
In this part of Spain, knife fighting was regularly taught as a skill, often passed down from father to son as a rite of passage to adulthood.
Among navaja *aficionados*, the *barateros* of Málaga and Seville were cited as the most skilled practitioners of fighting with the *navaja*:
> The skill displayed by the Spanish desperado in handling his knife is wonderful. This weapon, to which all are so partial, is a wicked-looking affair, from one to two feet long, and called a navaja from its resemblance to a razor. The blade is of the finest Toledo steel\...
In 18th and 19th century Spain *esgrimas de navaja* (fencing, or knife-fighting schools) could be found in the major cities and throughout Andalusia, particularly in Cordoba, Málaga, and Seville.
As time went on, these schools began to depart from teaching traditional sword-fighting and fencing techniques in favor of simplified attacks and defenses based largely on the concept of deception, distraction, and counterstrike.
As one English author noted,
> Defence with the *navaja* has been reduced to a science, which has its regular school of instruction. The teachers give lessons with wooden knives, and the most noted among them have their private strokes, which are kept secret for cases of emergency. The arts of the most accomplished swordsman are worthless, when opposed to those of an expert with the *navaja*. With his cloak or jacket wrapped about his left arm, his formidable weapon glittering in his right hand, and his lithe body poised for a spring, he is an interesting study for the spectator, as well as for his antagonist. The thumb is pressed tightly along the back of the blade, that every advantage may be taken of the flexibility of the wrist, in a struggle where the space of an inch is often a matter of life and death. The postures and guards are changed with bewildering rapidity, and, should the right hand be disabled, the cloak and knife are shifted in the twinkling of an eye, and the duel proceeds, until one or both the combatants are killed.
The firmly established knife fighting tradition with the *navaja* in Andalusian Spain would later spread to other Spanish-speaking countries, from Argentina to Puerto Rico to the Philippines as part of *el legado andalusí* (the Andalusian legacy, or tradition).
Used as a fighting knife, the *navaja* typically featured a blade length of 400 mm (15 inches) or longer, and knives with 300 mm (12-inch) to 500 mm (19-inch) blades were common.
During the 18th and most of the 19th century, large navajas were traditionally worn pushed into a belt or sash, with the distinctively curved, fish-shaped handle left exposed to ease removal.
An exception to the predominance of large-bladed *sevillanas* was the *salvavirgo* (\"chastity knife\"), a small knife carried by Andalusian women in a bodice or leg garter as a weapon of self-defense.
After more than two centuries of popular and continuous use, demand for the *navaja* as a large fighting or utility knife began to ebb in the early 20th century.
Reduced in size and length (*navaja corta*), the design still enjoys some popularity as a pocketknife and utility blade, and both mass-produced and individually hand-built knives of varying craftsmanship and material quality continue to be sold in Spain, primarily to tourists, collectors, and edged weapon enthusiasts.
The decline in popularity of the large fighting *navaja sevillana* may have been accelerated by the passage of stringent laws in Spain and in the rest of the European Union proscribing the possession and/or carrying of *armas blancas*
| 628 |
Navaja
| 3 |
10,011,553 |
# Institute for Manufacturing
The **Institute for Manufacturing** (**IfM**) is part of the Department of Engineering of the University of Cambridge.
## Location
The IfM is located in the Alan Reece building on the University\'s West Cambridge Site in the United Kingdom. Previously, the Institute was located in the former Cambridge University Press building in Mill Lane before relocating to its current building in West Cambridge in June 2009
| 69 |
Institute for Manufacturing
| 0 |
10,011,569 |
# Bailing Sport Park
**Bailing Sport Park** (`{{zh|t=百齡運動公園|p=Bǎilíng Yùndòng Gōngyuán}}`{=mediawiki}) is a multi-use sport venue located in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan. The park has been open since 1989. It resides along Shilin and Shezi shores of the Keelung River, with around 2,900 m in length and 60-100 m in width. Total surface area is around 280,000 m^2^
| 57 |
Bailing Sport Park
| 0 |
10,011,613 |
# The Eagle (magazine)
***The Eagle***, founded in 1859, is the annual review of St John\'s College, Cambridge.
The poet Thomas Ashe founded *The Eagle* in the year in which he graduated from St John\'s., with the help of a college fellow, Joseph Bickersteth Mayor. Henry George Hart (1843--1921) and Robert Forsyth Scott (1849--1933) were later editors of the magazine.
Samuel Butler wrote for *The Eagle*.
## History
- 1859-1935 : Published by W. Metcalfe ^`{{OCLC|17524145}}`{=mediawiki}^
- 1959- : Published annually by St. John\'s College ^`{{OCLC|70910081}}`{=mediawiki}^
Since 1981, a supplement has also been published. ^`{{OCLC|55869791}}`{=mediawiki}^
Between 1889 and 1915, some of the records from the Cambridge Archives were printed in the magazine
| 112 |
The Eagle (magazine)
| 0 |
10,011,633 |
# List of Western Australia tropical cyclones
This is a list of cyclones that have significantly affected or made landfall over the coast of Western Australia.
Name Year Date of landfall Peak intensity{{#tag:ref\|If multiple landfalls took place along the storm\'s track, the highest intensity is listed.\|group=\"nb\"\|name=\"multiple\"}}{{#tag:ref\|Listings in *italics* denote storms that did not make landfall but had impact on land.\|group=\"nb\"\|name=\"Landfall note\"}} Deaths Damage (A\$)
----------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------
Winds Pressure
1870 Unknown
1875 Unknown
1881 Unknown
1881 Unknown
1884 Unknown
1889 Unknown
1894 Unknown
1898 Unknown
1903 Unknown
1908 Unknown
1910 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|175|{{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref\|Estimated maximum wind gusts.\|group=\"nb\"\|name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0965|{{convert|965|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
1912 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|102|102 km/h (63 mph)}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{ntsh|0}}`{=mediawiki} N/A
1914 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|065|<65 km/h (<40 mph)}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{ntsh|0}}`{=mediawiki} N/A Unknown
1925 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|102|102 km/h (63 mph)}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{ntsh|0}}`{=mediawiki} N/A
1925 Unknown
1926 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|160|{{convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0982|{{convert|982|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki}
1930 Unknown
1935 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|130|{{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0995|{{convert|995|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki}
1939 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|200|{{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{ntsh|0}}`{=mediawiki} N/A
1941 Unknown
1942 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|230|{{convert|230|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0938|938 hPa; (27.70 inHg)}}`{=mediawiki}
1956 Unknown
1957 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|161|161 km/h (101 mph)}}`{=mediawiki}{{#tag:ref name=\"Gusts\"}} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0964|{{convert|964|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki}
1959 Unknown
Alby 1978 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|200|{{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0930|{{convert|930|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} 5 \$39 million
Jane 1983 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|170|{{convert|170|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0947|{{convert|947|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Lena 1983 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|110|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0980|{{convert|980|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Quenton 1983 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|170|{{convert|170|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0955|{{convert|955|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Chloe 1984 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|170|{{convert|170|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0955|{{convert|955|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown (severe)
Frank 1984 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|175|{{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0952|{{convert|952|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Connie 1987 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|155|{{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0950|{{convert|950|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Elsie 1987 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|175|{{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0940|{{convert|940|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown (severe)
Herbie 1988 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|075|{{convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0980|{{convert|980|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$20 million
Ned 1989 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|165|{{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0941|{{convert|941|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Orson 1989 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|250|{{convert|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0925|{{convert|925|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$25 million
Ian 1992 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|210|{{convert|210|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0930|{{convert|930|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
1993 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|065|<65 km/h (<40 mph)}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{ntsh|0}}`{=mediawiki} N/A Unknown
Annette 1994 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|195|{{convert|195|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0925|{{convert|925|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Bobby 1995 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|195|{{convert|195|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0925|{{convert|925|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Chloe 1995 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|200|{{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0920|{{convert|920|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Frank 1995 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|130|{{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0965|{{convert|965|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Gertie 1995 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|130|{{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0965|{{convert|965|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Kirsty 1996 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|175|{{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|935|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Olivia 1996 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|195|{{convert|195|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0925|{{convert|925|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Phil 1996 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|110|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|975|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Rachel 1997 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|130|{{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0965|{{convert|965|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Tiffany 1998 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|170|{{convert|170|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0940|{{convert|940|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Billy 1998 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|130|{{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0965|{{convert|965|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Thelma 1998 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|220|{{convert|220|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0920|{{convert|920|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Vance 1999 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|215|{{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0910|{{convert|910|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$100 million
Elaine 1999 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|165|{{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0945|{{convert|945|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Gwenda 1999 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|225|{{convert|225|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0900|{{convert|900|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
John 1999 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|205|{{convert|205|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0915|{{convert|915|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Ilsa 1999 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|100|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0980|{{convert|980|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Steve 2000 6 & `{{sort|2000|9 March}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|150|{{convert|150|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|975|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$100 million
Rosita 2000 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|185|{{convert|185|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0930|{{convert|930|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown (severe)
Sam 2000 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|175|{{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0950|{{convert|950|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown (severe)
Terri 2001 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|110|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|975|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Vincent 2001 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|100|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0981|{{convert|981|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Alistair 2001 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|110|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|975|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Chris 2002 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|205|{{convert|205|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0915|{{convert|915|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$1 million
N/A 2003 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|095|{{convert|095|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0988|{{convert|988|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Graham 2003 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|095|{{convert|095|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0985|{{convert|985|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Inigo 2003 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|240|{{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0900|{{convert|900|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Monty 2004 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|185|{{convert|185|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0935|{{convert|935|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Fay 2004 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|215|{{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0910|{{convert|910|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Raymond 2005 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|085|{{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0985|{{convert|985|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Ingrid 2005 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|230|{{convert|230|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0924|{{convert|924|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Clare 2006 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|140|{{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0960|{{convert|960|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$2.4 million
Emma 2006 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|075|{{convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0988|{{convert|988|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$1 million
Glenda 2006 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|205|{{convert|205|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0910|{{convert|910|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$1.2 million
Hubert 2006 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|095|{{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0980|{{convert|980|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Isobel 2007 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|085|{{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0982|{{convert|982|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
George 2007 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|205|{{convert|205|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0902|{{convert|902|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$8 million
Jacob 2007 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|130|{{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0960|{{convert|960|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Helen 2008 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|095|{{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|975|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Nicholas 2008 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|150|{{convert|150|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0948|{{convert|948|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Billy 2008 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|175|{{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0950|{{convert|950|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Dominic 2009 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|100|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0976|{{convert|976|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Laurence 2009 16 & `{{sort|2009|21 December}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|205|{{convert|205|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0925|{{convert|925|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$9 million
Magda 2010 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|130|{{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|975|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
03U 2010 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|depression}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0989|{{convert|989|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$100 million
Bianca 2011 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|175|{{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0949|{{convert|949|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Carlos 2011 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|120|{{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0969|{{convert|969|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$16 million
Heidi 2012 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|150|{{convert|150|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0960|{{convert|960|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Iggy 2012 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|110|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0974|{{convert|974|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Lua 2012 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|165|{{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0930|{{convert|930|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$230 million
Peta 2013 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|065|{{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0992|{{convert|992|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Rusty 2013 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|165|{{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0945|{{convert|945|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \$478 million
Alessia 2013 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|085|{{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0991|{{convert|991|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Christine 2013 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|165|{{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0948|{{convert|948|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Olwyn 2015 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|150|{{convert|150|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0950|{{convert|950|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} none
Quang 2015 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|185|{{convert|185|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=\"#`{{Storm colour|Aus4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0950|{{convert|950|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} minimal
Stan 2016 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|110|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0975|{{convert|975|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} unknown
Yvette 2016 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|A1}}`{=mediawiki}\| `{{Sort|075|{{convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{storm color|A1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|0987|{{convert|987|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Blanche 2017 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\| `{{Sort|095|{{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|0988|{{convert|988|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} None
Hilda 2017 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\| `{{Sort|095|{{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|Aus2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|0980|{{convert|980|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Minor
Joyce 2018 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\| `{{Sort|085|{{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|Aus1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|0982|{{convert|982|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Veronica 2019 bgcolor=#`{{Storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\| `{{Sort|215|{{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|Aus5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|0928|928 hPa (27.4 inHg)}}`{=mediawiki} Unknown
Damien 2020 bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\| `{{Sort|145|{{convert|145|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|Aus3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|0962|962|;hPa (28
| 735 |
List of Western Australia tropical cyclones
| 0 |
10,011,670 |
# James Norris (politician)
**James Norris** (1809 -- August 1, 1891) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Lincoln in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1874 to 1878.
He was born in Argyleshire, Scotland in 1809 and came to Peel County, Upper Canada with his parents around 1834. He moved to St. Catharines, where he formed a partnership with Sylvester Neelon in shipping, milling and the timber trade. After the partnership dissolved, Norris continued to be involved in transporting goods to foreign markets, primarily England. He served on the town council, serving a term as mayor. In 1847, he married Sophronia Neelon, his partner\'s sister; in 1863, he married Elizabeth Waud, after his first wife\'s death. He was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1874 federal election but was unseated after an appeal. He won the by-election that followed later that year. Norris resigned his seat in April 1877 and then was reelected in a May 1877 by-election. He ran unsuccessfully for reelection in 1878 and 1882. Norris died in St. Catharines at the age of 71
| 188 |
James Norris (politician)
| 0 |
10,011,690 |
# Plasmodium dissanaikei
***Plasmodium dissanaikei*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Giovannolaia*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. dissanaikei* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Jong in 1971. On morphological grounds it is related to *Plasmodium durae*.
## Distribution
This species is found in Sri Lanka (Ceylon).
## Hosts
Hosts of this species include the Ross-ringed Parakeet (*Psittacula krameri manillensis*) and species from the Columbidae - pigeons and doves
| 86 |
Plasmodium dissanaikei
| 0 |
10,011,697 |
# Jivya Soma Mashe
**Jivya Soma Mashe** (ISO: *Jivyā Somā Mhāsē*; 1934 - 15 May 2018) was an artist of the Maharashtra state in India, who popularised the Warli tribal art form.
Mashe was born in Dhamangaon village in Talasari taluka of Thane district (now Palghar district) of Maharashtra. At the age of 11, he came to Kalambipada village in Dahanu taluka of Thane district. In the 1970s the Warli painting, which was a predominantly ritual art till that time, took a radical turn, when Jivya Mashe started to paint not for any special ritual, but on an everyday basis.
His talent was soon noticed, first nationally (it was rewarded straight from the hand of India\'s senior political figures, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi) then internationally (Magiciens de la terre, Centre Pompidou), bringing unprecedented recognition, which prompted many other young men to follow suit. They started to paint regularly for commercial purposes.
## Life
Jivya Soma Mashe lost his mother when seven years old; out of shock he stopped speaking for several years, communicating only by drawing pictures in the dust. This strange attitude soon won him a special status within his community.
The first government agents sent to preserve and protect Warli painting were impressed by his artistic abilities. Jivya Soma Mashe showed a heightened sensitivity and unusually powerful imagination, which it was conjectured was a legacy of his early introspective period. Paper and canvas freed him from the constraints of working on rough, sheer walls and he transformed the brusque look of the ephemeral paintings into a free, deeply sensitive style. His sensitivity emerged in every detail of his paintings. Strokes, lines and a mass of dots swarm and vibrate on the canvas, coming together to form clever compositions which reinforce the general impression of vibration. Details and the overall composition both contribute to a sense of life and movement. Recurring themes, from tribal life and Warli legends, are also a pretext for celebrating life and movement.
Jivya Soma Mashe summed up the deep feeling which animates the Warli people, saying \"There are human beings, birds, animals, insects, and so on. Everything moves, day and night. Life is movement\".
The Warli, adivasi, or the indigenous peoples, speak to us of ancient times and evoke an ancestral culture. An in-depth study of this culture may give further insight into the cultural and religious foundations of modern India. He died aged 84 on 15 May 2018 and was accorded a state funeral.
Jivya has two sons Sadashiv and Balu and a daughter. His elder son, Sadashiv was born in 1958. Both of his sons are well known exponents of this art form.
## Exhibitions
The first exhibition of Jivya was held at the Gallery Chemould, Jehangir Art Gallery in Mumbai in 1975 by the initiative of Bhaskar Kulkarni, who first introduced this master to the outside world. His first exhibition outside India was at the Palais de Menton, France in 1976. In 2003, he had a joint exhibition with Richard Long at Museum Kunst Palast in Düsseldorf, Germany, and in 2004 at Padiglione d\'Arte Contemporanea, Milano, Italy. These were followed by the exhibitions at Shippensburg University, United States in 2006 and at Halle Saint-Pierre, Paris (jointly with Nek Chand) in 2007. In July, 2007 another exhibition of his paintings was held at the Gallery Chemould, Mumbai.
## Awards and honours {#awards_and_honours}
- National Award for the Tribal Art (1976)
- *Shilp Guru* award (2002).
- Prince Claus Award for his Warli paintings (2009).
- Padma Shri by the Government of India for his contribution towards Warli painting (2011)
| 600 |
Jivya Soma Mashe
| 0 |
10,011,727 |
# Jeja-Pekka Roos
**J. P. (Jeja-Pekka) Roos** (born April 30, 1945, in Helsinki) is a Finnish sociologist and former President of the European Sociological Association. Before his retirement, he was a professor in social policy at the University of Helsinki.
Roos studied in the University of Chicago, and taught at UCLA, University of Geneva, EHESS in Paris, University of Minnesota.
His main research areas are Evolutionary sociology, generations, especially the baby boomers\' generation, life stories and autobiographies, human rights in child protection, the social impact of mobile phones, intellectuals, well-being and ways of life in Finland in relation to social policy and social structure. He has published more than 200 scientific books and articles.
In the 1980s and 1990s he worked with the comparative use of the life story approach, in particular in Russia, the Baltic and Northern Europe, and the question of men\'s life (and life stories) in Finland. He has participated in the organization of several autobiographical collections for the \"ordinary people\" and used this material in his work. His best known theoretical contribution is a **typology of Finnish generations** in the 20th century. Another is the concept of **happiness barrier**, which denotes the tendency to present one\'s life as much happier than it really is.
In 2006 he started a Finnish project (with European comparative data) about the interactions between the baby boomer generation with both its parents and children. He has also become interested in theory of evolution and evolutionary sociology, and has been President of the Darwin Society in Finland. He is also known as a supporter and defender of Tatu Vanhanen and Richard Lynn\'s controversial research on race and IQ.
Roos is a full member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences from 1995. He has translated and introduced Pierre Bourdieu\'s *Questions de sociologie*, into Finnish.
At younger age, Roos was known as a communist supporting the Soviet system, but resigned from the Communist Party of Finland in the early 1980s
| 326 |
Jeja-Pekka Roos
| 0 |
10,011,757 |
# Ear of the Dragon
***Ear of the Dragon*** (1995) is a CD album released on the Fortune 5 label in collaboration with A Magazine. It is a compilation of tracks by American and Canadian indie bands which contained Asian-American members. The album contains a broad range of American indie music styles and notable indie artists from the early to mid 1990s including indie rock (Versus and The Dambuilders), punk (J Church and aMiniature), ska punk (Skankin\' Pickle), slowcore (Seam), cuddlecore (cub), and key players in post-rock (David Pajo was a member of Slint and both he and Bundy K. Brown (aka Slowpoke) were members of seminal post-rock band Tortoise).
## Track listing {#track_listing}
The track running order listed on the CD cover is incorrect-the list below shows the actual running order of the CD.
1. Signer\'s Strut - aMiniature
2. Losing My Cool - Yanti Arifin
3. Reveille - Versus
4. Tossing Pearls - Venus Cures All
5. Hey Latasha - Seam
6. Day into Night - Dolomite
7. Live for Yourself - Kicking Giant
8. Your King - Team Xiaoping
9. Secret Nothing - cub
10. The Naked City - Cartographers
11. Smooth Control - The Dambuilders
12. Perfect World - Mint Aundry
13. Heavens to Betsy - Chumley
14. I Would for You - J Church
15. Pabu Boy - Skankin\' Pickle
16. Mr. Onion #2 - Slowpoke
17. It\'s About Time - Azure
18. She - Squash Blossom
19. Undiu - David Pajo Band
## Tour
Some of the bands represented on this compilation (including Seam, aMiniature, Venus Cures All, Cub and Versus) toured together in support of the \"Ear of the Dragon\" compilation in 1995. This tour included major US and Canadian cities including Toronto, Los Angeles, New York City and Chicago. According to Billboard Magazine, the tour began April 28, 1995 in Toronto and ended May 27, 1995 in Chicago
| 316 |
Ear of the Dragon
| 0 |
10,011,787 |
# Seppo Pääkkönen
**Seppo Sakari Pääkkönen** (born 15 June 1957 in Kuhmo) is a Finnish actor.
He is married to Virve Havelin. Their son Jasper Pääkkönen is also an actor.
Pääkkönen played Matti\'s father in the 2006 film *Matti: Hell Is for Heroes*, where his real-life son plays his on-screen son.
His younger brother Antti Pääkkönen is also an actor
| 60 |
Seppo Pääkkönen
| 0 |
10,011,810 |
# Søren Wichmann
**Søren Wichmann** (born 1964) is a Danish linguist specializing in historical linguistics, linguistic typology, Mesoamerican languages, and epigraphy. Since June 2016, he has been employed as a University Lecturer at Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, after having worked at different institutions in Denmark, Mexico, Germany and Russia, including, during 2003-2015, the Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Wichmann\'s PhD dissertation, from the University of Copenhagen, treated the Azoyú variety of Tlapanec spoken in Guerrero, Mexico. He has written extensively about Mayan, Oto-Manguean and Mixe--Zoquean languages. He has done fieldwork on Mixe, Texistepec Popoluca and Tlapanec. Regarding Mixe--Zoquean, he has done comparative work resulting in the currently most accepted classification of the Mixe--Zoquean language family as well as a reconstruction of its vocabulary and grammar (Wichmann 1995). He also specializes in the study of Maya hieroglyphs --- particularly the linguistic aspects of the deciphering of the Mayan script. Since 2007, Wichmann\'s work has increasingly focused on the development of quantitative methods in historical linguistics, including the development of the Automated Similarity Judgment Program.
Since its inception in 2011, Wichmann has been General Editor of *Language Dynamics and Change*
| 195 |
Søren Wichmann
| 0 |
10,011,905 |
# East Kilbride Alliance
The **East Kilbride Alliance** was a political party operating in the town of East Kilbride, Scotland. It was formed in January 2007 with the intention of contesting the local government election (held on 3 May 2007) for the South Lanarkshire Council in the town of East Kilbride
The party\'s origins can be traced to a number of local groups who were dissatisfied with the actions of South Lanarkshire Council. In particular objections were raised to the sale of green space and the siting of industry near to residential areas.
Figures within the party have stated that they will not act in the traditional way as parties might be expected to if they are successful in having members returned to South Lanarkshire Council in that they will not have a party whip which members must follow, with their councillors being allowed to exercise their own judgement on each matter as to how they think their area would be best represented.
The party fielded six candidates in the local elections. The Candidates were Brian Jones (leader of the party), Colin McKay, Richard Naysmith, Iain Cameron, Tim Gingell and Claire Keane.
The party fielded three candidates in the 2012 Scottish local elections, in the South Lanarkshire council wards of East Kilbride South, East Kilbride Central North and East Kilbride West.
It de-registered with the Electoral Commission on 13 September 2012
| 231 |
East Kilbride Alliance
| 0 |
10,011,916 |
# Tsuriel Raphael
**Tsuriel Raphael** (*צוריאל רפאל*; born in 1952 in the United States) is an Israeli diplomat. He was recalled from the post of ambassador to El Salvador and non-resident ambassador to Belize following an incident in early 2007. It was his first ambassadorial posting as a career Israeli foreign service officer.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Raphael was born in Los Angeles, California in 1952 and moved to Israel with his parents and brother in 1971. He studied at Tel Aviv University and in 1976 he received his B.A. in political science. Afterwards he served in the Israel Defense Forces.
## Career
In November 1981, Raphael started working at the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Jerusalem. Two years later, in 1983, he was part of the Israeli delegation to the 38th session of the General Assembly at the United Nations; afterwards, he was posted to the Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C. In July 1990, Raphael was named to serve as Consul for Public Affairs for Israel\'s Consulate General to the Southwestern United States, based in Los Angeles, and later served as Deputy Consul General in the mid 1990s at Israel\'s Consulate General in New York City.
From 1998 to 2002 Raphael served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the Embassy of Israel in Madrid. He returned to Jerusalem in 2002, working as the director of the Israel Information Center, a department of the Foreign Ministry. His main responsibility included the preparation, editing and distribution of informational policy papers.
## 2007 incident
In 2006 Raphael was appointed ambassador to El Salvador and non resident ambassador to Belize. On 12 March 2007, it was announced that Raphael would be recalled after being found outside the embassy in San Salvador, drunk, hands tied, and mostly naked wearing only bondage gear. Police were able to determine his identity after removing a rubber ball gag from his mouth. Israel recalled him for \"behavior that is unbecoming of a diplomat
| 329 |
Tsuriel Raphael
| 0 |
10,011,918 |
# Electoral district of University of Sydney
**University of Sydney** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1876 to 1880. It was established in the 1858 redistribution to be elected by graduates of the University of Sydney once there were 100 eligible electors.
Under the Electoral Act 1858, the University of Sydney was entitled to a seat in the Legislative Assembly, elected by graduates, once there was a body of 100 graduates. The university petitioned the Governor in 1876 for the creation of a seat, listing the names of 10 Doctors of Law, 9 Doctors of Medicine and 92 Masters of Arts who were living in the colony. The Chancellor and Returning Officer Edward Deas Thomson published a notice for the election, with polling taking place in the ante-room adjoining the Great Hall. Underneath, Registrar Hugh Kennedy published the following note. \'As it appears that there is no legal necessity for members of the University who take part in the Election of a Representative to appear in academic costume, they will not be required to do so; but they are requested, if they conveniently can, to comply with the customary practice on such occasions.\' Oddly, the next day the notice had been amended to say academic costume was \'required\'
| 219 |
Electoral district of University of Sydney
| 0 |
10,011,921 |
# Muidhara
**Muidhara** is a village in Khandaghosh CD block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in West Bengal, India.
## Geography
Muidhara is located at 23.05 N 87.77 E. The neighbours of Muidhara are Moiradanga, Uchalan, Induti, Purba Chowk, Gopal Bera, etc. It is approximately halfway between Bardhaman and Arambag cities on State highway 7.
## Demographics
As per the 2011 Census of India Muidhara had a total population of 1,376 of which 711 (52%) were males and 665 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 139. The total number of literates in Muidhara was 1,051 (84.96% of the population over 6 years).
## Education
Techno India, an English-medium school, following the CBSE curriculum, was opened at Muidhara in 2011. Muidhara has a Free Primary School.
## Culture
Muidhara has its own Library (Muidhara Kishore Sangha Pathagar), Club (Muidhara Kishore Sangha), Upper Primary School, Playground, Masjid-Mosque Near Kazi Imran Hossain\'s House, Kazi Imran Hossain Mobile No: 7003899342, Kali Mandir, Shiv Mandir, Durga Mandir. Kali mandir(Das para), Pirer Mela is very familiar in dakshin Damodar and it was organized every year on 1st Magh (Bengali date) in southern part of this village
| 196 |
Muidhara
| 0 |
10,011,939 |
# Cleveland Golf
**Cleveland Golf** is a sporting goods company owned by SRI Sports Limited, a subsidiary of Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. The company creates golf equipment. Based in Huntington Beach, California, Cleveland Golf began as a company producing replicas of classic golf clubs. The company was founded as the Cleveland Classics by Roger Cleveland in 1979.
In 1990, ski equipment manufacturer Skis Rossignol purchased the company, and the name was changed to Cleveland Golf. It grew with the sales of clubs such as VAS woods and irons. Later in the decade, Tour Action irons and QuadPro woods were introduced with \"more classic designs.\"
Quiksilver, Inc. purchased the assets of Rossignol in 2005 and operated Cleveland Golf until December 2007. At that point, Dunlop Sport purchased Cleveland Golf. Dunlop Sports Co. Ltd. owns and operates several brands in North America. In addition to its North American headquarters in Huntington Beach, California, Cleveland Golf has three international affiliates located in Japan, Europe, and Canada, as well as 26 worldwide distributors.
The company was a pioneer by being the first to market wedges that featured multiple bounce options on the sole. Additionally, they individually milled grooves into the faces of the wedges
| 200 |
Cleveland Golf
| 0 |
10,011,955 |
# Plasmodium draconis
***Plasmodium draconis*** is a species of apicomplexan parasite in the family Plasmodiidae.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. draconis* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.
## Description
The parasite was first described by Telford in 1995.
The schizonts produce 4--16 merozoites.
## Distribution
This species is found in the Philippines and Sarawak (Malaysia).
## Hosts
The only known host of this species is the flying lizard *Draco volans*
| 78 |
Plasmodium draconis
| 0 |
10,011,959 |
# Enrico Brunetti
**Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti** (22 May 1862 -- 21 January 1927) was a British musician and entomologist. He specialized in the Diptera and worked for many years in India.
Brunetti was born in London. His mother was from Bath, Somersetshire and his father, of Italian origin came from Fossombrone, Rome, was a confectioner and importer of wines who ran a restaurant in South Kensington. From a young age, Brunetti showed interest in music composition and was trained by Giacomo Ferrari and Enrico Mattei. A musician by profession, Brunetti was a composer for orchestra and piano. He played piano at the Empire, Islington around 1901 and in bands at Plymouth and Llandrindod Wells around 1902 and was a bandmaster in 1903 at Harwich. He went to India as a musical conductor for Tivoli Theatre in Calcutta and for sometime worked with Bandman Opera Company travelling to Singapore and Java. He spent his free time studying entomology, especially Diptera. In 1904 he made a musical tour of the Dutch East Indies, China and Japan making extensive insect collections on his travels. He later settled in Calcutta where he stayed for 17 years. He played piano at the Globe Opera House, Great Eastern and Grand Hotels in Calcutta. He had strict rules and refused to play on Sundays or after the playing of \"God Save the King.\" Aside from music, he took an interest in stamp collecting. He hated the noise of Calcutta and especially detested the cawing of crows, taking out his collector\'s gun to shoot crows every evening and morning. He spent his summers in Darjeeling and wrote many papers in the Records of the Indian Museum.
Brunetti briefly worked as an Assistant Superintendent in charge at the Indian Museum working on honoraria ranging from 30 to 300 GBP a year. At the suggestion of Thomas Nelson Annandale he was sanctioned leave to go to England to revise his manuscript on Indian Diptera using the material at the British Museum. For this task the Government of India approved 300 GBP for the period of a year. He described species without dissection of the genitalia and had little interest in the biology of living insects. In 1921 he returned to Europe, spending his summers in England where The Imperial Bureau of Entomology employed him to identify specimens. Winters were spent in Paris and Brussels. He worked for long periods on British Diptera. He fell ill during a winter in Paris in 1926-27 and died in a hospital in London.
Before his death, Brunetti gave his collection of 80,000 specimens, and his library to the Natural History Museum. This museum also his manuscripts:- 56 letters and two bound manuscript volumes regarding African and Australasian Diptera.
The Psychodid genus *Brunettia* was named by Annandale in Brunetti\'s honour in 1910.
## Works
This is a partial list. For a complete list see Smart (1945):
- Revision of the Oriental Tipulidae with descriptions of new species. *Rec. Indian Mus.* 6: 231-314 (1911).
- New Oriental Nemocera. *Rec. Indian Mus*. 4: 259-316 (1911).
- Annotated catalog of Oriental Culicidae-supplement. *Rec. Indian Mus.* 4: 403-517 (1912).
- Critical review of \"genera\" in Culicidae. Rec. Indian Mus. 10: 15-73 (1914).
- Revision of the Oriental Tipulidae with descriptions of new species. Part II. *Rec. Indian Mus.* 15: 255-340 (1918).
- Catalogue of Oriental and South Asiatic Nemocera. *Rec. Indian Mus.* 17: 1-300 Brunetti, E. (1920).
- New Oriental Diptera, I. *Rec. Indian Mus.* 7: 445-513 (1912).
- New and little-known Cyrtidae (Diptera). *Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist*. (9)18(107): 561-606 . (1926).
He was also the main contributor to *The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma*. writing the parts.
- Diptera 1. Brachycera (1920) - 401 p - 4 pl
- Diptera 2. Nematocera (1912) - xxviii + 581 p - 12 pl
- Diptera 3. Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, Oestridae (1923) 424 p - 83 fig - 5 pl
| 652 |
Enrico Brunetti
| 0 |
10,011,965 |
# For God and Country (Yee book)
***For God And Country***, a book by American chaplain James Yee, was published in 2005 by PublicAffairs. James Yee was a US Army Muslim chaplain serving in the Guantanamo Bay prison. This book details his experiences both as a chaplain, and later as a detainee at the prison
| 55 |
For God and Country (Yee book)
| 0 |
10,011,973 |
# Plasmodium volans
***Plasmodium volans*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Carinamoeba*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. volans* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Telford in 1995.
## Description
The schizonts produce 4 -- 6 merozoites.
The gametocytes are elongated.
## Distribution
This species is found in the Philippines and Sarawak, Malaysia.
## Hosts
The only known host of this species is the flying lizard *Draco volans*
| 85 |
Plasmodium volans
| 0 |
10,011,974 |
# List of geometrid genera: L
The very large moth family Geometridae contains genera beginning with A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, **L**, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z
| 43 |
List of geometrid genera: L
| 0 |
10,011,984 |
# Pegi Nicol MacLeod
**Pegi Nicol MacLeod**, (17 January 1904 -- 12 February 1949), was a Canadian painter whose modernist self-portraits, figure studies, paintings of children, still lifes and landscapes are characterized by a fluidity of form and vibrant colour. Born Margaret Kathleen Nichol, she was a teacher, war artist and arts activist. In 1936 she became a member of the Canadian Society of Painters in Water Colour and one year later she joined the Canadian Group of Painters.
## Biography
She was born in Listowel, Ontario, to William Wallace Nichol and Myrtle Ivy Riggs. Pegi was their only child. The family moved to Ottawa in 1908 when Pegi was four where her father became principal of the Ottawa Technical School. The family lived on Frank Street and Pegi attended elementary at Cartier Street School. In 1914, when war broke out, the family moved to Toronto and Pegi attended Harbord Collegiate Institute. The Nichols returned to Ottawa after the war where Pegi finished her early education at the Ottawa Collegiate Institute.
## Art education {#art_education}
In 1921 MacLeod enrolled at the newly re-established Art Association of Ottawa school. She studied art under Franklin Brownell from 1922 to 1923. In 1923 she moved to Montreal to study at the École des Beaux-Arts de Montréal with Edwin Holgate. There was an emphasis on figure study and life drawing at the school. The art critic Donald Buchanan attributed her and many of her classmates\' interest in the figure and portraiture to their training at the École. She was at the École des Beaux-Arts de Montréal with Paul-Émile Borduas, Lillian Freiman, Goodridge Roberts, Anne Savage, and Marian Scott, who would all go on to become established artists in their own right. In 1932 she won the Willingdon Arts Competition prize for painting.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
She lived in Toronto from 1934 to 1937 and became good friends with Eric Brown, the first director of the National Gallery of Canada. Through Brown and his wife, Maud, Nicol developed friendships with artists in Ottawa, Toronto, and Montreal, as well as leading figures of the Canadian cultural and social establishment, including Vincent Massey and his wife, Alice Massey. She began a five-year relationship with Richard Finnie by 1925. She married Norman MacLeod on December 10, 1936. The couple then moved to New York City, but she returned annually to Fredericton, New Brunswick, where, with Lucy Jarvis in 1940, she opened an art centre, the Observatory Art Centre, for aspiring artists at the University of New Brunswick.
| 420 |
Pegi Nicol MacLeod
| 0 |
10,011,984 |
# Pegi Nicol MacLeod
## Artistic career {#artistic_career}
A painter of people and landscapes, her artworks tend to reveal a sombre though joyful, reflective and humanitarian insight. In 1927 and 1928, encouraged by ethnographer Marius Barbeau, MacLeod travelled to the west and northwest of Canada. Thanks to Barbeau and to the Canadian Pacific Railway, MacLeod received free transportation on her summer trip. She painted at Morley Station in the foothills of the Rockies and among the Stoney First Nations. During her time in British Columbia MacLeod met artist Emily Carr, whose work exerted an influence on her own. Pegi stayed in Calgary with the F.G. Garbutt family, who were strong supporters of the arts. The Garbutts and MacLeod stayed friends for life. While there, Pegi painted a portrait of Alice Garbutt that demonstrates her increasing use of strong contour lines. MacLeod exhibited two of her portrait studies of the Stoney First Nations in the major exhibition, *West Coast Art -- Native and Modern* organized the National Gallery of Canada in December 1927. This exhibition was, and has been, much written about and marks the first real effort to include the cultural production of Northwest Coast First Nations within the institutionalization of Canadian art history.
During her travels in 1927, MacLeod is said to have created notebooks and drawings according to her friends. However, nothing is extant to confirm this. The artist also began a draft of a book on her experiences on the west coast. It is possible that MacLeod\'s mother may have destroyed her book draft since Marian Dale Scott has stated that the artist\'s mother destroyed much of her early work. MacLeod travelled west again in 1928 to paint in the Upper Skeena River area. She wrote about her travels for the Canadian National Railway Company\'s magazine and the article marks her first important foray into art writing.
The solo exhibition *Portraits, Landscapes and Studies* by Pegi Nicol was held in Montreal at the Leonardo Society from February 4--11, 1928 and in the same year she was invited to show with the Group of Seven in Toronto. In the late 1920s, MacLeod moved from Ottawa to Montreal, and then to Toronto, where she worked on window displays for the T. Eaton Company. This position had a strong influence on her art, as demonstrated by her painting *A Descent of Lilies* (1935). MacLeod was art editor of *The Canadian Forum* from 1935 to 1936 and helped to establish the Picture Loan Society.
MacLeod was opposed to World War II, though in 1944 she accepted a commission by the National Gallery of Canada to paint many scenes depicting the Women\'s Division of the Armed Forces as means of showcasing the war from a female perspective.
MacLeod was a person \"whose passion, enthusiasm, and activism touched those around her \... it is that quality of engagement that marks her work - immediate, vital pictures, crammed with activity\....\"
### *Manhattan Cycle* {#manhattan_cycle}
Following the Second World War she returned to depicting the scenes of New York City and in 1947 exhibited her oil and water colour paintings in Toronto, Ottawa, and Fredericton under the title \"Manhattan Cycle.\" The *Manhattan Cycle*, which she called alternatively \"Canadian Painter in New York\" or \"Black Life from a Fifth Floor Window\", focused on the people and scenes around MacLeod\'s apartment on East 88th Street in New York. She wrote to her friend and fellow artist, Isabel McLaughlin in 1946 that she had been involved with 88th street for six years and still found it fascinating. The *Manhattan Cycle* consisted of 110 artworks by 1947 and was the first time MacLeod exhibited a series of works in Canada focused entirely on her time in New York. The *Cycle* also toured to the Winnipeg School of Art at the request of Joe Plaskett and then on to Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton, Victoria, and Vancouver in 1948.
## Selected exhibitions {#selected_exhibitions}
A major retrospective of her work was held at Galerie Walter Klinkhoff in 1982 and a circulating retrospective exhibition was done by the Robert McLaughlin Gallery in Oshawa in 1984, along with a book of her letters and an introduction by Joan Murray. Her work also was included in *The Artist Herself: Self-Portraits by Canadian Historical Artists*, an exhibition co-curated by Alicia Boutilier and Tobi Bruce who also co-edited the book/catalogue.
| 722 |
Pegi Nicol MacLeod
| 1 |
10,011,984 |
# Pegi Nicol MacLeod
## Death
MacLeod died of cancer in New York City in 1949, leaving a legacy of more than a thousand works of art that include many paintings and other art forms including designs for hooked rugs. Today MacLeod is a well-regarded artist whose wartime work, which includes more than one hundred oil paintings, sets her apart from many of her contemporaries
| 65 |
Pegi Nicol MacLeod
| 2 |
10,011,994 |
# East Dunbartonshire Independent Alliance
The **East Dunbartonshire Independent Alliance** was a minor political party operating in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland, represented on East Dunbartonshire Council until October 2012 by Jack Young, one of the three councillors for Kirkintilloch East & Twechar, and until July 2012 by Charles Kennedy, one of the three councillors for Campsie & Kirkintilloch North.
Kennedy and Young had originally been Labour representatives: Charles Kennedy was first elected to represent the Milton & Gartshore ward of Strathkelvin District Council in 1984, and subsequently the Milton ward of its successor, East Dunbartonshire Council, in 1995, serving terms as Labour Group Leader and Leader of the Council in both authorities. Re-elected in May 2003, he was joined that year as a Labour councillor by Jack Young, newly elected to represent the Rosebank/Waterside ward.
May 2003 also saw the election of Jean Turner, as independent MSP for Strathkelvin & Bearsden in the Scottish Parliamentary elections, and in June 2004 Kennedy was expelled from the Labour Party accused of actively supporting her campaign. Jack Young then resigned from the party in support of Kennedy, and both chose to sit on as independent councillors without contesting by-elections.
In November 2004, Kennedy and Young announced the formation of the **Strathkelvin People\'s Independent Labour Party** with the intention of campaigning on issues such as the reduction in services at the local Stobhill General Hospital, and of seeking support from people disillusioned with the way in which East Dunbartonshire Council was being run.
An inaugural meeting was held on 6 December 2004, it being announced beforehand that the party\'s name might be changed from the \"Strathkelvin People\'s Independent Labour Party\". However, the name **East Dunbartonshire Independent Alliance** had already been registered with the Electoral Commission, and it is this name that the grouping (which was largely confined to Kennedy and Young themselves) continued to use, with the more unwieldy \"Strathkelvin People\'s Independent Labour Party\" not seemingly having been used at all beyond the outset of the party\'s formation and early days.
At the local elections on 3 May 2007, the East Dunbartonshire Independent Alliance fielded six candidates across East Dunbartonshire, ranging from Donald Macdonald, a community activist, to Jim Gilmour, a successful businessman who had been an unsuccessful Labour local government candidate in 2003. However, only the party\'s two sitting councillors, Charles Kennedy and Jack Young, were returned for the new three-member wards of Campsie & Kirkintilloch North and Kirkintilloch East & Twechar respectively. Both were again re-elected on 3 May 2012, when just the two candidates were fielded.
Charles Kennedy died on Friday 13 July 2012, and no Independent Alliance candidate stood at the ensuing by-election on 13 September. The party was voluntarily deregistered with the Electoral Commission on 11 October, Jack Young reverting to his previous status as an independent councillor. Young retired from the council at the following election in May 2017
| 480 |
East Dunbartonshire Independent Alliance
| 0 |
10,011,996 |
# The Awakening (Caliban album)
***The Awakening*** is the sixth studio album by German metalcore band Caliban, released in Germany on 25 May 2007 and in the UK on 28 May. The album peaked at number 36 on the German album charts. A limited digipak edition was released, which also came with a bonus patch. The album was released in the United States on 23 October 2007. This delay was because of the band\'s American label, Abacus Recordings, merging with Century Media.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All lyrics written by Andreas Dörner and all music written by Marc Görtz
| 99 |
The Awakening (Caliban album)
| 0 |
10,012,004 |
# Anselm of Havelberg
**Anselm of Havelberg** (c. 1100 -- 1158) was a German bishop, statesman, secular and religious ambassador to Constantinople. He was a Premonstratensian, a defender of his order, a critic of the monastic life of his time, and a theorist of Christian history. According to Friedrich Heer, \"the peculiar course of Anselm\'s life made this much-travelled man the theologian of development, of progress, of the right of novelty in the Church\".
## Life
Anselm\'s birthplace is uncertain. He was a pupil of Norbert of Xanten at Laon, and then was appointed to the Bishopric of Havelberg in the Northern March. Because Havelberg was then controlled by the Polabian Slavs, Anselm\'s provisional seat was in Jerichow. He served as papal legate and overall commander of the 1147 Wendish Crusade. After Havelberg was recovered by the Saxons during the campaign, cathedral construction was begun.
Anselm was sent by Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor, to Constantinople in 1136. in the hope of a Byzantine alliance. He held theological discussions with Nicetas of Nicomedia, an account of which he wrote later at the request of Pope Eugenius III. His account tended to play down the theological differences, including the filioque clause, but was more stark on the political issues. A later encounter with Basil of Achrida in 1154 proved fruitless.
He lived in a time where there was a growth in the diversity of religious orders. In his *Epistola apologetica* (c. 1145/46), his first major work, Anselm defended the emerging movement of regular canons against the criticism of traditional monastic orders such as the Benedictines. While these valued a strong emphasis on the contemplative life along with a detachment from the (lay) world, the regular canons were, in Anselm\'s view, the perfect representation of a priestly balance between contemplation and action in constant contact with the laity through preaching, the sacraments and works of charity. These arguments were mostly devised to defend communities of regular canons in general (e.g. against the danger of losing members to monastic orders), but also helped to strengthen the religious identity of Anselm\'s own community of regular canons, i.e. the Norbertines.
In the first book of his second major work entitled *Antikeimenon* or *Dialogues* (c. 1149), unlike those who were scandalized by the novelty of these new orders, he saw these orders as part of God\'s plan for the renewal of the church. In his *Dialogues*, he mentions several new religious movements, who - according to critics - \"devise for themselves a new \[way\] of psalmody; establish new ways of abstinence and measures of food; and follow neither the monks who fight under the rule of Benedict nor Augustine\". Anselm\'s refutation of such critics consists in a detailed analysis of how the Triune God (particularly the third person, i.e. the Holy Spirit) reveals Himself through historical renewal and progress. Books II and III of the *Dialogues* present Anselm\'s (certainly more or less idealized and remodelled) account of his theological discussions with Nicetas of Nicomedia about the questions that had led to the Schism of 1054.
Anselm also served as Archbishop of Ravenna from 1155--58. He died in Milan.
## Works
The *Epistola apologetica* is available both in the old (and faulty) edition of the *Patrologia Latina* and in a critical edition with German translation and commentary, including an analysis of all eight surviving manuscripts.
The three *Dialogi* (Greek title *Antikeimenon*) are currently only available in the edition of the *Patrologia Latina*
| 575 |
Anselm of Havelberg
| 0 |
10,012,013 |
# Ugo Sivocci
**Ugo Sivocci** (August 29, 1885 - September 8, 1923) was an Italian racing driver.
Born in Salerno, Sivocci started his racing career as one of the pioneers of Italian bicycle racing, obtaining a second place in the 600 km long classic Corsa Nazionale. After World War I, he worked as an auto mechanic in Milan. Being a friend of Enzo Ferrari, he was hired by Alfa Romeo in 1920 to drive Alfa in three-man works team: (Alfa Corse) with Antonio Ascari and Enzo Ferrari. With the HP 20-30 ES Sport he finished 2nd in the Parma - Poggio Berceto race. In 1923 he began to drive the Alfa Romeo RL, and quickly won numerous races. In the same year, he won the Targa Florio with RL Targa Florio which was his major racing achievement. The race was a great success for Alfa Romeo as second (Ascari) and fourth places (Giulio Masetti) were occupied by Alfa. Sivocci\'s car was painted with the green cloverleaf on a white background that was to become Alfa\'s good luck token.
In the same year Sivocci was killed while testing Merosi\'s new P1 at Monza. On the same day of the accident, a press release of the engineer Nicola Romeo announced the withdrawal of other Alfa Romeo cars competing.
His car was carrying number 17, which was never again assigned to Italian racing cars
| 231 |
Ugo Sivocci
| 0 |
10,012,035 |
# Peter Thornton
**Peter Kai Thornton** CBE (April 8, 1925 -- February 8, 2007) was a museum curator and writer.
The son of eminent scientist Sir (Henry) Gerard Thornton and Gerda, daughter of Kai Norregaard, of Copenhagen (and related to the actress, director and writer Eva Le Gallienne through the latter\'s Danish mother, journalist Julie Norregaard), Thornton was educated at Bryanston, which he left aged 14 to enroll at the de Havilland aeronautical technical school and work on the Mosquito production line at Hatfield, Hertfordshire; after serving during World War II in the Intelligence Corps, he went up to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he read Danish and German (B.A. 1950).
After being assistant keeper at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, and joint secretary to the National Art Collections Fund, in London, from 1952 to 1954, Thornton joined the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, serving as keeper of furniture and woodwork between 1966 and 1984, and curator to Sir John Soane\'s Museum, in Lincoln\'s Inn Fields between 1984 and 1995. Thornton was best known for his radical approach to the presentation of historic interiors at Ham House, Osterley Park and Apsley House.
His daughter, Emma Bettina, married the diplomat Peter Jay; she was Jay\'s second wife
| 205 |
Peter Thornton
| 0 |
10,012,056 |
# Siu Ho Wan
**Siu Ho Wan** (`{{zh|t=小蠔灣|l=small oyster bay}}`{=mediawiki}, also `{{zh|t=小濠灣|l=small inlet bay|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) is a bay on the north shore of Lantau Island in Hong Kong. The bay has been largely reclaimed for bus depots. The Airport Express, Tung Chung line of the MTR and the North Lantau Highway run across the reclamation of the bay. The Siu Ho Wan MTR depot lies on the reclaimed shore between Ngau Kok Wan and is currently used by Airport Express, Tung Chung line and Disneyland Resort line.
## History
In the 1990s, the Hong Kong Government reclaimed the bay in order to construct links to the new Chek Lap Kok airport and the new town of Tung Chung, including the North Lantau Highway, Airport Express and Tung Chung line. The government also built a depot for rolling stock used on MTR lines. The highway was completed in 1997, and the MTR lines in 1998 (in time for the opening of the new airport).
Soon afterwards, the government constructed a new tunnel link from Siu Ho Wan to Discovery Bay, which was opened on 27 May 2000 and is known as the Discovery Bay Tunnel.
## Access
- New Lantao Bus No
| 200 |
Siu Ho Wan
| 0 |
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